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Anthony Minghella

Anthony Minghella, (6 January 1954 – 18 March 2008) was a British film director, playwright, and screenwriter. He was chairman of the board of Governors at the British Film Institute between 2003 and 2007. He directed Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991), The English Patient (1996), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and Cold Mountain (2003), and produced Iris (2001), The Quiet American (2002), Michael Clayton (2007), and The Reader (2008).

He received the Academy Award for Best Director for The English Patient (1996). In addition, he received three more Academy Award nominations; he was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for both The English Patient and The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and was posthumously nominated for Best Picture for The Reader (2008), as a producer.

Early life and education
Minghella was born in Ryde, on the Isle of Wight, an island off the south coast of England that is a popular holiday resort. His family are well known on the island, where they ran a café in Ryde until the 1980s and have run an eponymous business making and selling Italian-style ice cream since the 1950s. His parents were Edoardo Minghella (an Italian immigrant) and Leeds-born Gloria Alberta (née Arcari). His mother's ancestors originally came from Valvori, a small village in southern Lazio, Italy. He was one of five children, his sisters Gioia Minghella-Giddens, Edana Minghella and Loretta Minghella, and a brother Dominic Minghella who also became a screenwriter and producer.

Minghella attended St. Mary's Catholic Primary School, Ryde, Sandown Grammar School, and St John's College, Portsmouth. Early interests suggested a possible career as a musician, with Minghella playing keyboards with local bands Earthlight and Dancer. The latter recorded an album titled Tales of the Riverbank in 1972, although it was not released until 2001.

He attended the University of Hull, studying drama. As an undergraduate he had arrived at university with an EMI contract for the band, in which he sang and played keyboards; while at university he wrote words and music for an adaptation of Gabriel Josipovici's Mobius the Stripper (1975).

Minghella graduated after three years and stayed on to pursue a PhD. He also taught at the university for several years, on Samuel Beckett and on the medieval theatre. Ultimately, he abandoned his pursuit of a PhD to work for the BBC.

Career
Minghella's debut work was a stage adaptation of Gabriel Josipovici's Mobius the Stripper (1975) and it was his Whale Music (1985) that brought him notice. His double bill of Samuel Beckett's Play and Happy Days was his directorial debut and debut feature film as a director was A Little Like Drowning (1978). During the 1980s, he worked in television, starting as a runner on Magpie before moving into script editing the children's drama series Grange Hill for the BBC and later writing The StoryTeller series for Jim Henson. He wrote several episodes of the ITV detective drama Inspector Morse and an episode of long-running ITV drama Boon. Made in Bangkok (1986) found mainstream success in the West End.

Radio success followed with a Giles Cooper Award for the radio drama Cigarettes and Chocolate first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1988. It was revived on 3 May 2008 as a tribute to its author director following his death. His production starred Juliet Stevenson, Bill Nighy and Jenny Howe. His first radio play Hang Up, starring Anton Lesser and Juliet Stevenson, was revived on 10 May 2008 as part of the BBC Radio 4 Minghella season.

Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990), a feature drama written and directed for the BBC's Screen Two anthology strand, bypassed TV broadcast and instead had a cinema release. He turned down an offer to direct another Inspector Morse to do the project, even though he believed that the Morse episode would have been a much higher-profile ll assignment. The English Patient (1996) brought him two Academy Awards nominations, Best Director (which he won) and Adapted Screenplay. He also received an Adapted Screenplay nomination for The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999).

The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, a pilot episode television adaptation which he co-wrote and directed, was broadcast posthumously on BBC One (23 March 2008); watched by 6.3 million viewers. He vocally supported I Know I'm Not Alone, a film of musician Michael Franti's peacemaking excursions into Iraq, Palestine and Israel. He directed a party election broadcast for the Labour Party in 2005. The short film depicted Tony Blair and Gordon Brown working together and was criticised for being insincere: "The Anthony Minghella party political broadcast last year was full of body language fibs", said Peter Collett, a psychologist at the University of Oxford. "When you are talking to me, I'll give you my full attention only if I think you are very high status or if I love you. On that party political broadcast, they are staring at each other like lovers. It is completely false."

With Samuel Beckett's 100th birthday celebrations, he returned to radio on BBC Radio 3 with Eyes Down Looking (2006), with: Jude Law, Juliet Stevenson and David Threlfall. An operatic directorial debut came with Puccini's Madama Butterfly. Premiered at the English National Opera (London, 2005), then at the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre (Vilnius, March 2006) and at the Metropolitan Opera (New York City, September 2006). The latter was transmitted live into cinemas worldwide (7 March 2009) as part of the Met's HD series and is now available on DVD. The ENO work was to have led to other operatic projects, directing again at English National Opera and collaborating with Osvaldo Golijov on a new opera for the Met and ENO, writing the libretto and directing the production.

He was honoured with the naming of The Anthony Minghella Theatre at the Quay Arts Centre (Isle of Wight). He made an appearance in the 2007 film Atonement as a television host interviewing the novelist central to the story.

His last work was the screenplay of the film adaptation of the Tony Award-winning musical Nine (1982); Arthur Kopit (book) and Maury Yeston (score). It is based on the film 8½. He shared credit with Michael Tolkin on the screenplay.

The department of Film, Theatre & Television at the University of Reading, opened in 2012, was named in his honour.

Personal life and death
Minghella met his first wife, Yvonne Miller, when they were students. They had one daughter, Hannah, who is currently the Head of Motion Pictures at J. J. Abrams' Bad Robot. Minghella and Miller eventually divorced and in 1985. Minghella married Hong Kong–born choreographer and dancer Carolyn Jane Choa. They had one son, Max, an actor, screenwriter and director. Max is best known for his role as Nick Blaine in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale.

Minghella's younger brother, Dominic Minghella, is the creator of the popular British television series Robin Hood and Doc Martin, and a scriptwriter. His sister, Loretta Minghella, is Master of Clare College, Cambridge, having previously been First Church Estates Commissioner at the Church Commissioners, and before that Director of Christian Aid. His sister Edana participated in a jazz event on the Isle of Wight, and his nephew Dante is one of the participants in Channel 4's Child Genius series.

Minghella was a fan of Portsmouth F.C., and appeared in the Channel 4 documentary, Hallowed Be Thy Game. His home had two double bedrooms dedicated to the display of Portsmouth memorabilia dating back to the club's founding in 1898.

Minghella died of a haemorrhage on 18 March 2008 in Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith, following an operation the previous week to remove cancer of the tonsils and neck.

Memorial plaques
A memorial plaque to Minghella was unveiled on 2 March 2016 by Jude Law, at Western Gardens, Ryde, Isle of Wight. He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull. The 2009 film Nine is dedicated in his memory.

Film
Executive producer
 * Iris (2001)
 * The Quiet American (2002)
 * The Interpreter (2005)
 * Michael Clayton (2007)
 * Margaret (2011)

Producer
 * Catch a Fire (2006)
 * Breaking and Entering (2006)
 * The Reader (2008)
 * Love You More (2008)

Acting roles

Theatre
Selected plays
 * Whale Music (New End Theatre, Hampstead, June 1981); revived for radio, BBC Radio 4, 10 May 2008
 * Two Planks and a Passion  (Greenwich Theatre, November 1984)
 * A Little Like Drowning (Hampstead Theatre, July 1984)
 * Made in Bangkok (West End debut as a playwright, Aldwych Theatre. 18 March 1986, director Michael Blakemore)
 * Hang Up (radio play for BBC Radio 4,1987)
 * Cigarettes and Chocolate (60-minute radio play for BBC Radio 4, 1988)
 * Eyes Down Looking (Beckett 100th Birthday tribute, radio play for BBC Radio 3, 1 April 2006)

title: Anthony Minghella


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Sound intensity

Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.

Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

Sound intensity level is a logarithmic expression of sound intensity relative to a reference intensity.

Mathematical definition
Sound intensity, denoted I, is defined by $$\mathbf I = p \mathbf v$$ where
 * p is the sound pressure;
 * v is the particle velocity.

Both I and v are vectors, which means that both have a direction as well as a magnitude. The direction of sound intensity is the average direction in which energy is flowing.

The average sound intensity during time T is given by $$\langle \mathbf I\rangle = \frac{1}{T} \int_0^T p(t) \mathbf v(t) \,\mathrm{d}t.$$ For a plane wave , $$\Iota = 2\pi^2\nu^2 \delta^2 \rho c$$ Where,
 * $$\nu$$ is frequency of sound,
 * $$\delta$$ is the amplitude of the sound wave particle displacement,
 * $$\rho$$ is density of medium in which sound is traveling, and
 * $$c$$ is speed of sound.

Inverse-square law
For a spherical sound wave, the intensity in the radial direction as a function of distance r from the centre of the sphere is given by $$I(r) = \frac{P}{A(r)} = \frac{P}{4 \pi r^2},$$ where
 * P is the sound power;
 * A(r) is the surface area of a sphere of radius r.

Thus sound intensity decreases as 1/r2 from the centre of the sphere: $$I(r) \propto \frac{1}{r^2}.$$

This relationship is an inverse-square law.

Sound intensity level
Sound intensity level (SIL) or acoustic intensity level is the level (a logarithmic quantity) of the intensity of a sound relative to a reference value.

It is denoted LI, expressed in nepers, bels, or decibels, and defined by $$L_I = \frac{1}{2} \ln\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right) \mathrm{Np} = \log_{10}\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right)\mathrm{B} = 10 \log_{10}\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right) \mathrm{dB},$$ where
 * I is the sound intensity;
 * I0 is the reference sound intensity;
 * is the neper;
 * is the bel;
 * is the decibel.

The commonly used reference sound intensity in air is $$I_0 = 1~\mathrm{pW/m^2}.$$

being approximately the lowest sound intensity hearable by an undamaged human ear under room conditions. The proper notations for sound intensity level using this reference are or, but the notations , , dBSIL, or dBSIL are very common, even if they are not accepted by the SI.

The reference sound intensity I0 is defined such that a progressive plane wave has the same value of sound intensity level (SIL) and sound pressure level (SPL), since $$I \propto p^2.$$

The equality of SIL and SPL requires that $$\frac{I}{I_0} = \frac{p^2}{p_0^2},$$ where is the reference sound pressure.

For a progressive spherical wave, $$\frac{p}{c} = z_0,$$ where z0 is the characteristic specific acoustic impedance. Thus, $$I_0 = \frac{p_0^2 I}{p^2} = \frac{p_0^2 pc}{p^2} = \frac{p_0^2}{z_0}.$$

In air at ambient temperature,, hence the reference value.

In an anechoic chamber which approximates a free field (no reflection) with a single source, measurements in the far field in SPL can be considered to be equal to measurements in SIL. This fact is exploited to measure sound power in anechoic conditions.

Measurement
Sound intensity is defined as the time averaged product of sound pressure and acoustic particle velocity. Both quantities can be directly measured by using a sound intensity p-u probe comprising a microphone and a particle velocity sensor, or estimated indirectly by using a p-p probe that approximates the particle velocity by integrating the pressure gradient between two closely spaced microphones.

Pressure-based measurement methods are widely used in anechoic conditions for noise quantification purposes. The bias error introduced by a p-p probe can be approximated by $$\widehat{I}^{p-p}_n \simeq I_n - \frac{\varphi_{\text{pe}}\,p_{\text{rms}}^2}=I_n \left( 1 - \frac{\varphi_{\text{pe}}}{k \Delta r} \frac{p_{\text{rms}}^2 / \rho c}{I_r}\right) ,$$ where $$I_n$$is the “true” intensity (unaffected by calibration errors), $$\hat{I}^{p-p}_n$$ is the biased estimate obtained using a p-p probe, $$p_{\text{rms}}$$is the root-mean-squared value of the sound pressure, $$k$$ is the wave number, $$\rho$$ is the density of air, $$c$$ is the speed of sound and $$\Delta r$$ is the spacing between the two microphones. This expression shows that phase calibration errors are inversely proportional to frequency and microphone spacing and directly proportional to the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to the sound intensity. If the pressure-to-intensity ratio is large then even a small phase mismatch will lead to significant bias errors. In practice, sound intensity measurements cannot be performed accurately when the pressure-intensity index is high, which limits the use of p-p intensity probes in environments with high levels of background noise or reflections. On the other hand, the bias error introduced by a p-u probe can be approximated by $$\hat{I}^{p-u}_n = \frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Re}\left\{{P\hat{V}^*_n}\right\} = \frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Re}\left\{{P V^*_n e^{-j\varphi_{\text{ue}}} }\right\} \simeq I_n + \varphi_{\text{ue}} J_n  \, ,$$ where $$\hat{I}^{p-u}_n$$ is the biased estimate obtained using a p-u probe, $$P$$ and $$V_n$$ are the Fourier transform of sound pressure and particle velocity, $$J_n $$is the reactive intensity and $$\varphi_{\text{ue}} $$is the p-u phase mismatch introduced by calibration errors. Therefore, the phase calibration is critical when measurements are carried out under near field conditions, but not so relevant if the measurements are performed out in the far field. The “reactivity” (the ratio of the reactive to the active intensity) indicates whether this source of error is of concern or not. Compared to pressure-based probes, p-u intensity probes are unaffected by the pressure-to-intensity index, enabling the estimation of propagating acoustic energy in unfavorable testing environments provided that the distance to the sound source is sufficient.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sound intensity


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Daisuke Matsuzaka

Daisuke Matsuzaka (松坂 大輔) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher, who pitched professionally for 23 seasons, 16 of them in NPB, 7 in MLB. He is currently a baseball color commentator, critic, reporter, and YouTuber. Daisuke is nicknamed "the Monster of the Heisei Era" (平成の怪物) in Japan and "Dice-K" in the United States by The Boston Globe and USA Today. He played for the Boston Red Sox and New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Saitama Seibu Lions, Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and Chunichi Dragons of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

Matsuzaka was selected the MVP of the inaugural and the second World Baseball Classic, and is an Olympic bronze medalist.

He is the first player to have won both a World Series and a World Baseball Classic, winning the 2006 World Baseball Classic with Team Japan and the 2007 World Series with the Red Sox.

Early life
Matsuzaka was born on September 13, 1980, in Koto Ward, He was named after Japanese high school star pitcher Daisuke Araki. Growing up in Koto, Tokyo, he studied kendo from the age of five to nine and began playing organized baseball when he was in third grade.

High school career
After excelling at the Little League and junior high level, Daisuke Matsuzaka was admitted into Yokohama High School, a baseball powerhouse, in the spring of 1996. By his second of three years, he had developed into the school's ace pitcher. Despite his early success, he would experience a setback that summer when he threw a go-ahead wild pitch in the semi-final game of the Kanagawa Prefecture preliminary round of the National High School Baseball Championship (Summer Koshien).

During that offseason, his fastballs first began to regularly sit around 87 mph (140 km/h). After pitching his school to the championship of the National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament (Spring Koshien), Matsuzaka set his aim on the 1998 Summer Koshien and eventually led his school to the championship.

In the quarterfinal of the 1998 Summer Koshien, Matsuzaka threw 250 pitches in 17 innings in a win over PL Gakuen. (The previous day he had thrown a 148-pitch complete game shutout.) The next day, despite trailing 6–0 in the top of the eighth inning, the team miraculously won the game after scoring 7 runs in the final two innings (four in the eighth and three in the ninth). He started the game in left field, but came in as a reliever in the ninth inning to record the win in 15 pitches. In the final, he threw a no-hitter, the second ever in a final. This performance garnered him the attention of many scouts.

Due to the large number of players from the 1998 Summer Koshien cohort who went on to enjoy success at the professional level, baseball players who were born in the 1980 Japanese academic year (from April 2, 1980, to the following April 1, 1981) have been called the "Matsuzaka Generation" in Japan.

1998 draft
After graduating from high school, he was taken by the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) Saitama Seibu Lions with the first pick of the 1998 draft, although both the Colorado Rockies and Arizona Diamondbacks of the North American Major Leagues also recruited him. At first, Matsuzaka stated that he wanted to play for the Yokohama BayStars, and, if he could not, he would then go to work for a company and after which choose the team of his choice through the reverse-draft (gyaku-shimei) system. That changed however, when the manager of the Lions, Osamu Higashio, an accomplished pitcher in his own right, met with Matsuzaka for dinner. At the dinner, Higashio gave Matsuzaka his winning ball for career win number 200. Matsuzaka accepted it and allowed himself to be drafted by the Lions. Matsuzaka won his first official pro game in his first start of the 1999 season against the Nippon Ham Fighters at the Tokyo Dome. His first career strikeout came against Atsushi Kataoka in the first inning on a high fastball clocked at 155 km/h (96 mph). He won the game, but he also gave up the first home run in the game to Michihiro Ogasawara of the Nippon Ham Fighters.

On May 16, 1999, when Matsuzaka was in his rookie season at age 18, he first faced Ichiro Suzuki, a player for the Orix Bluewave at the time, and recorded three strikeouts in three at-bats with a walk. Matsuzaka states that this game was the moment he started to believe that he "belonged" in pro baseball. However, Ichiro would get a bit of revenge on Matsuzaka by hitting his 100th career home run off him in July of that year.

Matsuzaka started in the All-Star game as a rookie in 1999. He struck out Takuro Ishii and Takanori Suzuki of the Bay Stars before number three hitter Yoshinobu Takahashi of the Giants managed to make contact and fly out to left field.

In his first professional season in 1999, Matsuzaka had 16 wins and five losses as the team ace, and was voted Rookie of the Year. Another rookie pitcher in the rival Central League, Koji Uehara, also won the same honor with a 20-win season. Together, they would come to represent their respective leagues as dominant starting pitchers for seasons to come.

In 2000, Matsuzaka had 14 wins and 7 losses. He had 15 wins and 15 losses in his 2001 season and won the Eiji Sawamura Award.

Matsuzaka spent a considerable portion of his 2002 season on the disabled list, which did not count toward his service time. He was not able to regain his pitching form in the 2002 Japan Series, when the Lions faced the Yomiuri Giants. In Game 1 at Tokyo Dome, where the designated hitter rule is not allowed, Matsuzaka batted 7th in the lineup to take advantage of his above-average hitting for a pitcher. However, not only did Matsuzaka not fare well at the plate in this game, but he also helped the Giants to a rout by giving up two key home runs. One was to extremely popular Giants first baseman Kazuhiro Kiyohara, who hit a middle-of-the-plate Matsuzaka fastball off one of the billboards at the back of the left field stands. Matsuzaka would give up another key RBI to Kiyohara in game 4 in relief, as the Lions were meekly swept by the Giants in the series.

In 2003, Matsuzaka logged 16 wins and 7 losses. He easily won the Pacific League ERA title with a 2.83 mark. Matsuzaka used to play for Japan's National Baseball Team, and pitched against South Korea.

He was selected for the NPB All-Star Game in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006. He was voted MVP of the 2004 game.

Boston Red Sox (2007–2012)
On October 25, 2006, Scott Boras was announced as Matsuzaka's agent to represent him in any contract dealings in the Major Leagues. On November 2, Matsuzaka was officially granted permission by the Lions to pursue a career in Major League Baseball via the posting system.

On November 14, the Boston Red Sox won the bidding rights to Matsuzaka with a bid of $51,111,111.11, outbidding the Texas Rangers, New York Mets, and New York Yankees. The enormous figure — two to three times the Lions' payroll — astounded both Japanese and American baseball executives. The Red Sox had 30 days to sign Matsuzaka to a contract. If a deal could not be reached, Matsuzaka would have returned to the Lions, nullifying the bid. Scott Boras refused to consider the posting fee as part of the contract negotiations, while Red Sox general manager Theo Epstein recalled, "We tried to come up with a total number, for the post and contract, that made sense."

On December 11, Epstein, Red Sox owner John W. Henry and CEO Larry Lucchino boarded a plane to "[take] the fight directly to [Boras]". Nick Cafardo of The Boston Globe asserted that Boras, by refusing to negotiate, was using Matsuzaka as a protest or "test case of the posting system."

On December 13, Matsuzaka and Boras joined Red Sox GM Theo Epstein, CEO Larry Lucchino, and Chairman Tom Werner on a private plane owned by Red Sox owner John Henry headed for Boston. During the flight—which was followed by both the Boston and the Japanese media —the group agreed to terms on a contract. Journalist Nobuhiro Chiba characterized Japanese reaction to the signing: "I think the people are relieved to send Daisuke to the Boston Red Sox." In Boston, Matsuzaka passed his physical and signed a six-year, $52 million contract, which could have been worth as much as $60 million if he fulfilled incentives. The details of the contract included a $2 million signing bonus with a $6 million salary in 2007, $8 million in each of the following three seasons (2008–2010), and $10 million in each of the final two years (2011–2012). He also had a no-trade clause, specially constructed by the Red Sox to fit Matsuzaka's contract.

The final agreement was announced Thursday, December 14 at a 5 p.m. EST news conference at Fenway Park. Afterwards some members of the press noted the confusion created by Matsuzaka's translator at that announcement. Art Martone of the Providence Journal commented, "Matsuzaka's interpreter's command of the English language was shaky, and thus the pitcher's translated comments were brief and, occasionally, unintelligible. About the only clear statement relayed by the interpreter was when Matsuzaka said, 'I'm very happy and excited to be a member of the Boston Red Sox.'"

2007 season
Matsuzaka's first major league spring training took place in Fort Myers, Florida, with the Red Sox during February and March 2007, wearing number 18. Matsuzaka pitched well in most of his exhibition starts. He wears number 18 because Masumi Kuwata also wears number 18. The number is traditionally worn by the ace of a pitching staff in Japan.

Matsuzaka made his first major league regular season start for the Red Sox on April 5, 2007, in an afternoon game against the Kansas City Royals at Kauffman Stadium. He walked one, recorded 10 strikeouts, and at one point retired 10 consecutive batters. He allowed only a solo home run on six hits while throwing 108 pitches (74 for strikes) over seven innings and recorded the win as the Red Sox triumphed by a score of 4–1. He was, however, beaten 3–0 by Félix Hernández (who pitched a one hitter), Ichiro Suzuki, Kenji Johjima, and their Seattle Mariners in his Fenway Park debut on April 11, 2007. He was defeated again, 2–1, by the Toronto Blue Jays in his third major league start despite striking out 10 Toronto hitters in only six innings pitched. Matsuzaka still became the only pitcher to strike out 10 or more batters in two of his first three big-league starts since Fernando Valenzuela did so in 1981.

In the official press conference after the Toronto start, Matsuzaka stated through his interpreter that gripping the American baseball—which is slightly larger than the Japanese pro ball, with higher seams—had presented some challenges, but that he had begun making adjustments and felt they were successful.

Matsuzaka pitched his first complete game in the major leagues on May 14, 2007, a 7–1 victory over the Detroit Tigers. He had pitched 72 complete games in Japan.

Matsuzaka signed a multimillion-dollar exclusive deal with trading card company Upper Deck. The terms of the deal were not disclosed.

On September 28, 2007, Matsuzaka went eight innings and threw 119 pitches. He allowed six hits and two runs while striking out eight. With the win against the Minnesota Twins to secure the Red Sox' place as the winner of the AL East, Matsuzaka closed out his first Major League season with a record of 15–12 and an ERA of 4.40.

On October 6, 2007, Matsuzaka made his Major League playoff debut in the 2007 ALDS, in front of his home crowd in Boston against the visiting Los Angeles Angels. Matsuzaka started the game but lasted just 4.2 innings, giving up three earned runs on seven hits before being pulled. Although Matsuzaka did not get the decision, the Red Sox eventually beat the Angels 6–3.

On October 15, 2007, Matsuzaka started in his second playoff game, in Game 3 of the 2007 ALCS against the Cleveland Indians in Cleveland. Much like his playoff debut, Matsuzaka delivered another mediocre outing. Again, Matsuzaka was not able to make it past five innings, lasting 4.2 innings while giving up four earned runs on six hits, and eventually suffered his first career playoff loss as the Indians beat the Red Sox 4–2. Matsuzaka fared better in Game 7 of the series, on October 21, 2007, retiring the first eight batters he faced. Matsuzaka pitched well for five innings, allowing two runs. The Red Sox won 11–2, to advance to the 2007 World Series against the Colorado Rockies. Matsuzaka is the first Japanese pitcher to win an MLB playoff game and only the fifth rookie to start a Game 7 in the playoffs.

On October 27, 2007, he started and led the Red Sox to a 10–5 win in Game 3 of the 2007 World Series against the Rockies, his first World Series appearance, giving up two runs on three hits while walking three and striking out five. In the game, he also recorded his first major league hit: a two-out two-run single off Josh Fogg, making Matsuzaka the third pitcher in Red Sox history to record two RBIs in a World Series game; the others were Babe Ruth (in Game 4 of the 1918 World Series) and Cy Young. Matsuzaka is also the first Japanese pitcher in World Series history to start and win a game. The next day, the Red Sox won the Series in Game 4. With 201 strikeouts, Matsuzaka ended the year with the Red Sox rookie record for strikeouts in a season.

2008 season
In the beginning of 2008 season, Matsuzaka led the Red Sox pitching staff with eight consecutive wins without suffering a single loss. However, on May 27, he left the game against the Seattle Mariners in the bottom of the fifth inning due to a "tired shoulder". The game resulted in a 4–3 loss. The Red Sox placed Matsuzaka on the disabled list May 30, 2008, with a mild right rotator cuff strain. He returned on June 21 but was the losing pitcher after giving up seven earned runs in just one inning of work against the St. Louis Cardinals. Despite a record of 9–1 and a 3.12 ERA at the break, Matsuzaka was not selected to the 2008 American League All-Star team. On September 15, he won his 17th game of the season, setting a new single-season record for Japanese MLB pitchers, passing previous record holder Hideo Nomo.

Matsuzaka ended the season with an 18–3 record, 2.90 ERA and held opponents to a .211 batting average (and 6.9 hits-per-9-innings), the lowest in the majors. He also led the AL by leaving 80.6 percent of the baserunners he allowed stranded. These numbers were enough to place him fourth in the American League Cy Young Award race. However, a major problem for Matsuzaka was the control of his pitches, which, combined with his lack of innings pitched due to his injury, factored into his Cy Young voting. He walked 94 batters in $167 2/3$ innings (a major-league-leading 13.1% of all batters he faced), even walking an eye-popping eight in one game against the Detroit Tigers on May 5. Eight times in the 2008 season, Matsuzaka surrendered walks to five or more batters in a game, and 12 times he walked three or more in a game. The interesting statistic is that Matsuzaka was 11–1 in the 16 starts he walked three or more batters, which was a testament to his ability to wiggle out of whatever trouble he got himself into.

Matsuzaka started Game 2 of the 2008 American League Division Series against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and fared well over five-plus innings, handing the ball over to fellow countryman Hideki Okajima. However, Game 1 of the 2008 American League Championship Series was where Matsuzaka had his first solid postseason start. In seven-plus innings, he no-hit the Tampa Bay Rays before giving up a leadoff single to Carl Crawford in the seventh inning. Matsuzaka would earn the win in Boston's 2–0 win. However, at home in Game 5, Matsuzaka was rocked in four-plus innings for five runs on five hits, walking two, striking out two, and giving up three home runs to B.J. Upton, Carlos Peña, and Evan Longoria. Boston however staged a miracle comeback to win 8–7. The Rays went on to defeat the Red Sox in seven games to win the 2008 American League pennant.

2009 season
When Matsuzaka decided to pitch in the 2009 World Baseball Classic, the Red Sox were concerned with his decision being that it would cause him to miss a majority of spring training. Red Sox manager Terry Francona asked Team Japan manager Tatsunori Hara to keep him updated on Matsuzaka's condition along with limiting Matsuzaka's pitch count. Throughout the WBC, the Red Sox had limited access to Matsuzaka and decided not to press the issue more with Hara. Matsuzaka went on to lead Team Japan to victory earning the MVP award with a 3–0 record and 2.45 ERA.

On March 27, 2009, Matsuzaka reported to Red Sox spring training only twelve days before opening day. In Matsuzaka's first start of the regular season, he gave up three home runs against the Tampa Bay Rays, ultimately losing the game. In his next game against the Oakland Athletics, Matsuzaka only lasted one inning, giving up five hits, five runs, two walks, and striking out none. Matsuzaka was quickly placed on the DL, while reliever Justin Masterson took his spot in the rotation.

Matsuzaka made his next start on May 22, 2009, against the New York Mets after being activated off the DL. He gave up five runs over five innings, receiving another loss. Matsuzaka gained his first win of the season against the Detroit Tigers on June 2, 2009, but failed to produce any quality starts. After a loss against the Atlanta Braves on June 19, 2009, Matsuzaka was once again placed on the disabled list. Red Sox manager Terry Francona stated that Matsuzaka was placed on the DL due to "weakness" in his throwing arm possibly caused by the extensive pitching he did in the World Baseball Classic. Francona also made it clear that it would not be a "two-week DL" stating "We're going to have to figure this out. We have a lot of work ahead of us trying to get him back to being Daisuke."

As of his second placement on the DL in the 2009 season, Matsuzaka held a 1–5 record with an 8.23 ERA. With Matsuzaka's placement on the DL, it left a spot open in the starting rotation for John Smoltz to pitch in after being activated off the DL.

Although it has been suggested that the high number of innings pitched early in his career combined with a vigorous personal training regimen is a possible cause of Matsuzaka's sustained injury problems in 2009, Matsuzaka himself has stated publicly that he feels he cannot maintain arm strength without extensive training.

On September 15, 2009, Matsuzaka made his first start since June 19. He came and pitched his best outing of the season, pitching six plus shut out innings, striking out five, walking three, and giving up three hits. In October 2009, Matsuzaka revealed that he had in fact injured his hip joint but did not reveal when he got the injury.

In early January 2010, Matsuzaka was interviewed by Japanese magazine Friday. During the interview, Matsuzaka revealed that he had in fact injured his right hip while training for the '09 WBC. When asked why he concealed the injury from Team Japan trainers and coaches, Matsuzaka replied, "I didn't want to be the center of concern for people", and also added, "[The Classic] was hard. I relied on my wits and my shoulder strength. I had to be creative. I varied the paces between the pitches; I used the different kind of slider that I usually don't throw."

Matsuzaka also apologized to Red Sox fans, saying, "I am very sorry for making you worry. I assure you that the [2010] season will be a great season. I am going to redeem what I lost in 2009. With my health back, I am confident and determined to produce this year. I will [try my best to] become a world champion once again."

2010 season
Matsuzaka missed the first month of the season due to a neck strain. He returned on May 1 against the Orioles and gave up seven runs, six earned, and seven hits in 4.2 innings. Matsuzaka would improve during the season in 2010, going 9–6 with a 4.69 ERA in 25 starts, but fell well below expectations in terms of consistency and efficiency.

2011 season
On May 5, 2011, Matsuzaka made his first relief appearance of his MLB career picking up the loss in 1 inning against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim after a 2 and a half-hour rain delay. On May 17, 2011, Matsuzaka was placed on the 15-day disabled list. On June 2, it was reported that he would be out for the rest of the season due to Tommy John surgery. On June 10, Matsuzaka underwent the surgery.

2012 season
On April 23, 2012, Matsuzaka made his first rehab start for the Single-A Salem Red Sox. He gave up a home run in each of his first two innings, and gave up three earned runs in four innings against the Wilmington Blue Rocks, an affiliate of the Kansas City Royals. After stints with both the Portland Sea Dogs and Pawtucket Red Sox, Matsuzaka was activated to make his first major league start of the season on June 9 in Fenway Park against the Washington Nationals, where he allowed four earned runs in five innings. He would finish the year with a very unimpressive record of 1–7 with an 8.28 ERA in 11 starts before becoming a free agent.

Cleveland Indians
On February 10, 2013, Matsuzaka agreed to a minor league deal with the Cleveland Indians, reuniting him with former Red Sox manager Terry Francona. He did not make the Indians' Opening Day roster, and was subsequently released from his contract, only to sign another minor league deal in March. Matsuzaka was released from the Indians' organization per his request on August 20.

2013 season
On August 22, 2013, Matsuzaka agreed to a major league deal with the New York Mets, and joined their starting rotation. During his stint with the Mets in 2013, Matsuzaka posted a 3–3 record with an ERA of 4.42.

2014 season
Matsuzaka agreed to a one-year minor league contract to stay with the Mets for the 2014 season on January 24, 2014. On April 16, 2014, Matsuzaka had his minor league contract purchased by the Mets, replacing pitcher John Lannan on the 40-man roster. On April 24, Matsuzaka earned his second career save (first was in Japan in 2000) in a 4–1 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals. After the game, Mets manager Terry Collins stated that Matsuzaka was the back up option to current closer Kyle Farnsworth. On May 14, Farnsworth was outrighted to Triple-A by the Mets, leaving the closer role up for grabs, and Matsuzaka as one of the candidates for the job. On May 25, Matsuzaka was given his first start as a Met after 14 relief appearances. In his start, Matsuzaka went six innings and gave up two earned runs on only three hits and got the win in a 4–2 victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Fukuoka Softbank Hawks (2015–2017)
Matsuzaka signed a contract with the SoftBank Hawks on December 5, 2014, rejoining Nippon Professional Baseball after eight years in Major League Baseball. Hampered by injuries, Matsuzaka pitched in just one game for the Hawks' farm team in 2015. In 2016, Matsuzaka appeared in his first NPB game in 10 years. He pitched one inning for the Hawks and allowed two earned runs.

Matsuzaka was able to pitch only one game in three years for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. On November 5,, the Hawks released Matsuzaka.

Chunichi Dragons (2018–2019)
On January 23, 2018, Matsuzaka signed with the Chunichi Dragons. On April 5, Matsuzaka started his first game in Japan in 12 years against the Yomiuri Giants, pitching five innings and allowing three earned runs in a 3–2 loss. He was selected for the 2018 NPB All-Star game. After the season, he was awarded "The Best Comeback Prize" of NPB for his 6–4 record.

On October 4, 2019, Matsuzaka left the Dragons after failing to agree to a new deal.

Saitama Seibu Lions (second stint) (2020–2021) and retirement
On December 3, 2019, Matsuzaka signed a one-year contract to return to the Lions. Matsuzaka did not play in a game in 2020 after undergoing cervical spine surgery.

In December 2020, Matsuzaka re-signed with the Lions on a one-year deal for the 2021 season. On July 6, 2021, Matsuzaka announced that he would retire at the end of the season. According to sources close to Matsuzaka, he had no sensation in the fingers in his right hand and did not want to cause the team any more trouble. However, he was able to pitch one last time for the Lions in 2021, walking the only batter he faced in an October game.

On December 3, 2021, Matsuzaka formally announced his retirement in a ceremony; the ceremony included a surprise appearance by Ichiro Suzuki.

2004 Olympic Games
He participated in the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece. However, he lost the semifinal game to Australia by the score of 1–0. His team later defeated Canada, earning the bronze medal for Japan.

2006 World Baseball Classic
In 2006, Matsuzaka pitched for Japan in the inaugural World Baseball Classic. He was crowned the MVP of the first World Baseball Classic after Team Japan defeated Team Cuba 10–6 in the finals. Matsuzaka, the winner of the finale, threw 4 innings of 1 run baseball before exiting. Overall, Matsuzaka pitched a total of 13 innings throughout the tournament while finishing with 3 wins and no losses. There had been talk of Matsuzaka wanting to go to Major League Baseball before the '06 WBC, and the tournament allowed Matsuzaka to show his skills on the worldwide stage. Interest in Matsuzaka from MLB teams boomed after his performance throughout the WBC.

2009 World Baseball Classic
Matsuzaka was a member of the Japanese team at the 2009 World Baseball Classic, playing a key role as they successfully defended their title. He also won his second World Baseball Classic MVP award, finishing the tournament with a 3–0 record and a 2.45 ERA. In all, he pitched 14$2⁄3$ innings, allowing 4 runs on 14 hits with 5 walks and 13 strikeouts.

2013 World Baseball Classic
Daisuke chose not to play for the Japanese team at the 2013 World Baseball Classic. The team advanced to the semifinal round without Matsuzaka, but failed to claim their third consecutive championship when they lost to Puerto Rico 3–1 in the semifinal round.

Pitching
Matsuzaka is a right-handed pitcher who throws from a three-quarter arm slot in a drop-and-drive motion. He throws numerous pitches in his repertoire: a four-seam fastball that sits at 90–94 mph (topped out at 97 mph in his first few years in Boston ), a two-seam fastball in the low 90s, a cutter in the high 80s, a rare gyroball in the low 80s, and a changeup.

Batting
Matsuzaka was an accomplished hitter in high school and he got his first hit in his first career at-bat, a single to center, in a game against the Orix BlueWave when the Lions ran out of bench players and had to allow him to hit for himself. The Pacific League employs the designated hitter rule. Matsuzaka's first pro home run came in an interleague game against Hanshin Tigers pitcher Darwin Cubillán at spacious Koshien Stadium on June 9, 2006. That footage can be seen in the external links section.

Matsuzaka had his first hit with the Red Sox on May 23, 2010, in Philadelphia. He also was tremendous in the post-season with his bat. He drove in two runs with a single in Game 3 of the 2007 World Series, during a six-run third inning, powering the Red Sox to a victory.

Personal life
Matsuzaka is married to television journalist Tomoyo Shibata, formerly of Nippon TV in Japan, and in 2005 she gave birth to the couple's daughter. He also has a son, born on March 15, 2008.

Matsuzaka became involved in a scandal when he began dating Shibata. On September 13, 2000, he drove to her apartment without a valid license. He illegally parked his car and it got towed, and then had a team official take the blame to avoid a scandal. The truth soon got out and he was fined 195,000 yen by the police and put under house arrest for one month by the Lions.

In response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Daisuke gave a charitable donation of $1 million to the Japanese Red Cross via the Red Sox Foundation. "Our efforts on the field are dedicated to all who are suffering from this catastrophe. We are in this together, so we must overcome tragedy together." Matsuzaka said in a video message. He joined with the 3 other Red Sox pitchers, team captain Jason Varitek, and other members of the Red Sox staff to collect fan donations at the gates of two spring training games at City of Palms Park, where they collected more than $4,600 in fan donations.

title: Daisuke Matsuzaka


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List of monarchs of Cappadocia

This article lists the Hellenistic princes and kings of Cappadocia, an ancient region in central Anatolia.

Independent princes of Cappadocia, 331 BC – 250s BC
The hitherto satrap, Ariarathes I managed to keep control of most or all Cappadocia, as independent prince leading the resistance against conquerors, even after Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persians; however, in 322 BC, he was crucified by Perdiccas, Alexander's general and (after Alexander's death) regent. Perdiccas gave Cappadocia to Eumenes, Alexander's former secretary. However, during the instability of the ongoing Wars of the Diadochi, Eumenes was killed, and then the regent Antigonos was killed.
 * Ariarathes I, 331–322 BC
 * temporary suppression of independence, governors of Macedon Empire held the country
 * governor Eumenes
 * diadoch Antigonos, firstly satrap of Phrygia and then Regent. He was killed in Ipsos in 301 BCE.

Ariarathes I's adopted son, Ariarathes II, managed to re-secure some of his inheritance, namely the mere Upper Cappadocia around Mazaca, and became Prince of Cappadocia (while accepting Seleucid suzerainty). The Lower Cappadocia was lost forever to Kingdom of Pontos which emerged since 301 BCE in the coast of Black Sea, and proclaimed Kingdom in circa 281 BCE.
 * Ariarathes II, 301–280 BC
 * Ariamnes II, 280–230 BC

Kings of Cappadocia, 250s BC – 17 AD
Possibly continuing a while under weak Seleucid suzerainty, title recognized as Kings:
 * Ariarathes III, 255–220 BC, started as co-ruler with his father Ariamnes II
 * Ariarathes IV Eusebes, 220–163 BC
 * Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator, 163–130 BC
 * Orophernes, 157 BC
 * Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator, 130–116 BC
 * Ariarathes VII Philometor, 116–101 BC
 * Ariarathes VIII, 101–96 BC
 * Ariarathes IX, 100-85 BC
 * Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios, 95–c. 63 BC
 * Ariobarzanes II Philopator, c. 63–51 BC
 * Ariobarzanes III Eusebes Philoromaios, 51–42 BC
 * Ariarathes X Eusebes Philadelphos, 42–36 BC
 * Archelaus, 36 BC–17 AD

title: List of monarchs of Cappadocia


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Legal process

Legal process (sometimes simply process) is any formal notice or writ by a court obtaining jurisdiction over a person or property. Common forms of process include a summons, subpoena, mandate, and warrant. Process normally takes effect by serving it on a person, arresting a person, posting it on real property, or seizing personal property.

title: Legal process


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Helles

Helles or hell is a traditional German pale lager beer, produced chiefly in Southern Germany, particularly Munich. The German word hell can be translated as "bright", "light", or "pale".

Flavour profile
Helles-style beers typically are full-bodied, mildly sweet and light-coloured, with low bitterness. The beer is clear due to filtration before bottling, although some restaurants and breweries do offer an unfiltered version. Munich-style helles is a yellow beer brewed using cool fermentation with a lager yeast such as Saccharomyces pastorianus, bitter hops such as Hallertau hops, and an original specific gravity (prior to fermentation) between 1.044 and 1.053 (11 to 13 degrees plato), and between 4.5 and 6% alcohol by volume. Helles has a less pronounced hop flavour than German pilsner beers.

History
Until the 1960s, Helles was universally available in German-speaking regions. In many regions, Helles was slowly replaced by pilsner-style beers, which was also driven by changing consumer preferences from draft beer to bottled beer. In regions outside of Southern Germany, Helles was regaining popularity in 2010, particularly Berlin, where the beer's traditional image has become trendy.

Distribution
Helles enjoys great popularity in the Southern German regions of Bavaria, Franconia, and Baden-Württemberg. It can be referred to as Helles, Spezial, Landbier, "Munich lager", or "export". No clear distinction is drawn between lager and export, although export typically is closer in style to Dortmunder Export, which has a slightly higher ABV of 5.5% for extended shelf life.

Examples

 * Andechser Hell
 * Augustiner-Bräu Lagerbier Hell
 * Ayinger Lager Hell
 * Bayreuther Hell
 * Chiemseer Hell
 * Dinkelacker Hell
 * Erdinger Brauhaus Helles
 * Flötzinger Hell
 * Giesinger Münchner Hell
 * Hacker-Pschorr Münchner Helles
 * Hofbräu München Original
 * Kichesippi Beer Co. Heller Highwater
 * Löwenbräu Original
 * Oberdorfer Helles
 * Paulaner Münchner Hell
 * Spaten Münchner Hell
 * Schönramer Hell
 * Stiegl Hell
 * Tegernseer Hell
 * Weihenstephaner Original
 * Ølsnedkeren Sikkert og vist

title: Helles


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Palisades Interstate Parkway

The Palisades Interstate Parkway (PIP) is a 38.25 mi controlled-access parkway in the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York. The parkway is a major commuter route into New York City from Rockland and Orange counties in New York and Bergen County in New Jersey. The southern terminus of the route is at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where it connects to Interstate 95 (I-95), US 1-9, and US 46. Its northern terminus is at a traffic circle in Fort Montgomery, New York, where the PIP meets US 9W and US 202 at the Bear Mountain Bridge. At exit 18, the PIP forms a concurrency with US 6 for the remaining duration of its run.

The route is named for the Hudson River Palisades, a line of cliffs rising along the western side of the Hudson River. The PIP is designated, but not signed as Route 445 in New Jersey and New York State Route 987C (NY 987C), an unsigned reference route, in New York. As with most parkways in the New York metropolitan area, commercial traffic is prohibited from using the PIP. The Palisades Interstate Parkway was built from 1947 to 1958, and fully opened to traffic on August 28, 1958.

Route description
The mainline of the parkway is designated as Route 445 in New Jersey and NY 987C in New York. The latter is one of New York's reference routes. A 0.42 mi spur connecting the parkway to US 9W in Fort Lee, New Jersey, is designated  Route 445S. All three designations are unsigned and used only for inventory purposes. The parkway is owned and maintained by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission but occasional maintenance is performed by the New Jersey and New York state departments of transportation. Commercial vehicles are prohibited on the entire length of the Palisades Interstate Parkway. The speed limit on the highway used to be 50 mph south of the New York State Thruway and 55 mph north of it. As of October 2018, it is 55 mph for the entire length.

New Jersey
The Palisades Interstate Parkway begins at the George Washington Bridge (GWB) in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Passengers from the upper level of the GWB can directly access the PIP northbound, while passengers from the lower level of the bridge must travel through GWB Plaza on US 9W before getting on the parkway. Passengers traveling northbound on the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) must be in local lanes to directly get on the PIP. Once the PIP leaves the GWB, it proceeds north along the New Jersey Palisades, past the Englewood Cliffs Service Area. Unlike service areas further north along the parkway, there are two in Englewood Cliffs, one for northbound drivers and one for southbound drivers. The others are in the center median shared by drivers going in both directions. There are also three different scenic lookout points over the Palisades near the northern tip of the island of Manhattan at the Harlem River. After this, the PIP parallels US 9W and the Hudson River for its entire run in New Jersey. The PIP leaves New Jersey into New York in the borough of Rockleigh.

The entire New Jersey portion of the Palisades Interstate Parkway is within Bergen County. It is designated as a state scenic byway known as the Palisades Scenic Byway. The PIP, the New Jersey Turnpike, Interstate 278, and Interstate 676 are the only highways that use sequential exit numbering in New Jersey; all others in the state are based on mileage, except for the Atlantic City–Brigantine Connector in Atlantic City, which uses lettered exits (no numerals).

New York
The parkway enters Rockland County in the hamlet of Palisades. At about the border the PIP changes direction from due north along the Hudson River to a north-west direction. Shortly after the Kings Ferry Service Area in the center median, the first two exits in New York are key exits for two colleges in Rockland County. Exit 5 provides a link to St. Thomas Aquinas College, and exit 6 provides a link to Dominican College. In West Nyack, the PIP has a key interchange with the New York State Thruway (I-87 and I-287). This intersection is about seven miles (11 km) west of the Tappan Zee Bridge. After the PIP's interchange with the NY Thruway, the PIP turns slightly north-east. At exit 13, the PIP intersects US 202 as the route crosses south of Harriman State Park in Mount Ivy. This is the first of two meetings between the PIP and US 202. At exit 15, the PIP has its last busy intersection in Rockland County with County Route 106 (CR 106, formerly part of NY 210) in Stony Point. From here, the PIP enters Harriman State Park, and at exit 16, the PIP intersects Lake Welch Parkway, which is one of several parkways commissioned within the park.

The parkway enters Orange County north of Lake Welch Parkway at exit 16 and south of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission Visitor Center, located in the center median in what was originally a parkway service area. The first interchange in Orange County is exit 17 at Anthony Wayne Recreation Area. At exit 18, the PIP intersects US 6 and Seven Lakes Drive. US 6 west heads toward the Thruway and NY 17 five miles (8 km) west in Harriman. US 6 east forms the PIP's only concurrency for the last two miles (3 km) of the PIP's run. Seven Lakes Drive joins the two routes for one mile (1.6 km) before departing at exit 19. The two routes then enter Bear Mountain State Park in an eastern direction. Finally, the Palisades Interstate Parkway meets its end at US 9W and US 202 at a traffic circle near the Hudson River and the Bear Mountain Bridge. US 6 and US 202 head east over the bridge, while US 9W heads north toward the United States Military Academy in West Point. (Southbound US 9W, breaking off to the right, is the same road as westbound US 202.)

History
In 1933–34, the first thoughts of a Palisades Interstate Parkway were developed by engineer and environmentalist William A. Welch, who was general manager and chief engineer of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission. The plan was to build a parkway to connect the New Jersey Palisades with the state parks along the Hudson River in Rockland and Orange counties. Welch would soon garner the support of John D. Rockefeller, who donated 700 acre of land along the New Jersey Palisades overlooking the Hudson River in 1933. With this favorable momentum for the new route, the proposed route was accepted as a Civil Works Administration project under Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal coalition. However, the New Jersey Highway Commission did not support construction, so the idea of a parkway was put on hold. Instead, they built an 8 mile (13 km) road along the western bank of the Hudson River called the Henry Hudson Drive, a small scenic road that is a precursor to the Parkway and is still open today.

During the 1940s, Rockefeller renewed the push for a parkway along the New Jersey Palisades, and teamed with ultimate PIP planner, Robert Moses, to establish and design the parkway. The plan originally was to have the PIP stretch from the Garden State Parkway, along the Hudson River, to the George Washington Bridge, and then north along its present-day route ending at the Bear Mountain Bridge. This southern extension was never built, but construction began on the current PIP in New York on April 1, 1947. Construction on the New Jersey portion began about one year later, paralleling the nearby Henry Hudson Drive. Construction was delayed twice due to material shortages, but that did not stop the PIP from being opened in stages during the 1940s and 1950s. The route was completed in New Jersey in 1957, and on August 28, 1958, the final piece of the PIP was completed between exits 5 and 9 in southern Rockland County.

The PIP is known for its stone arch overpasses throughout its route and its several scenic overlooks in New Jersey. All sorts of unique trees and flowers can be seen along the route as well. In 1998, because of all the natural and constructed beauty, the PIP was designated as a national landmark by the National Park Service.

The Parkway suffered from severe flooding and a minor structural collapse on July 9, 2023 near the Bear Mountain Bridge as a result of severe storms.

Exit list
While most highways in the U.S. reset their mile markers and exit numbers when crossing a state line, the Palisades Parkway does not reset either.

Rest areas
There are some rest areas on the Palisades Interstate Parkway.

 * Sparkill (located just south of Exit 5, fuel and convenience store. Open 24 Hours. Park and Ride also available. Accessible both sides.) (New York)
 * Englewood Cliffs (located past exit 1 just before the George Washington Bridge, fuel and convenience store. There are two separate rest areas on both sides. Phone service is also available.) (New Jersey)
 * Alpine Lookout (Alpine): (North side only. Located near exit 2. Parking/scenic view area only. No fuel.) (New Jersey)
 * Rockefeller Lookout (Englewood Cliffs): (North side only. Parking/scenic view area only. No fuel.) (New Jersey)
 * Bear Mountain/Tomkins Cove (located between exits 16 and 17. Information and book store. No fuel. Accessible both sides.) (New York)
 * State Line Lookout (Visitor center and lookout. No fuel). (New Jersey)

Palisades Interstate Parkway Police
The Palisades Interstate Parkway Police is a highway law enforcement agency for protecting the Palisades Interstate Parkway and to enforce state and city laws in the New Jersey section of highway. Headquartered in Alpine, New Jersey on Alpine Approach Road. The department consists of one chief, two lieutenants, five sergeants, and seventeen patrol officers. There are also security guards available who were trained and hired for by the police academy. Other than patrol cars, the Palisades Interstate Parkway Police also uses police boats for marine patrols and a bicycle unit.

title: Palisades Interstate Parkway


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Interstate 135

Interstate 135 (I-135) is an approximately 95.7 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway in central and south-central Kansas, United States. I-135, which is signed as north–south, runs between I-35 and the Kansas Turnpike in Wichita north to I-70, U.S. Highway 40 (US-40), and US-81 in Salina. Except for the first 0.46 mi, I-135 overlaps US-81 its entire length. The route also runs through the cities of McPherson, Newton, and Park City.

The highway was designated as Interstate 35W (I-35W) until September 1976, when it was renumbered as I-135 to conform to new AASHTO policies that eliminated most suffixed Interstate Highways. It is currently the longest three-digit "spur", with an odd first digit, in the Interstate System.

Route description
I-135 begins from the south at exit 42 on the Kansas Turnpike. (The exit is signed as I-135/I-235/US-81 for Wichita and Salina.) US-81 joins I-135 0.5 mi later at exit 1A (East 47th Street South) and remains concurrent with it for the rest of its length. Less than 1 mi from the Kansas Turnpike tollbooth, I-235, a loop around the westside of Wichita, branches off the highway at exit 1C. I-135 continues northward from there, running just east of the Wichita downtown area. It reunites with I-235 at exits 11A and 11B at milepost 11 at the loop's other end.

I-135 leaves Wichita and continues northward to Newton where it turns northwest around milemarker 33. The freeway continues in this direction for 20 mi, returning to a due north course at McPherson.

The stretch of I-135 in Saline County from the Saline–McPherson county line to the highway's terminus at I-70, is designated as the Ben E. Vidricksen Highway, in honor of a state senator who was active in pushing for the highway's enlargement.

The route ends on the northwest side of Salina, at its intersection at I-70. The road continues as US-81 north of this interchange.

History
Construction on the Canal Route portion of I-135 (in Wichita, where the Chisholm Creek Canal runs through the median of the highway) was begun in 1971. This portion of the route took eight years to complete with a cost of $32 million (equivalent to $ in ). It was built through the middle of the city's African-American neighborhood, known as McAdams.

Until September 13, 1976, I-135 was signed as Interstate 35W (I-35W). The Interstate's full length was completed in December 1979.

In 2021, work began to rebuild the northern junction with I-235 in Wichita. A two-lane flyover ramp connecting northbound I-135 to southbound I-235 which replaced the previous one-lane loop ramp opened on May 31, 2023.

title: Interstate 135


text:
Ward Bond

Wardell Edwin Bond (April 9, 1903 – November 5, 1960) was an American film character actor who appeared in more than 200 films and starred in the NBC television series Wagon Train from 1957 to 1960. Among his best-remembered roles are Bert the cop in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and Captain Clayton in John Ford's The Searchers (1956). As a character actor, Bond frequently played cowboys, cops and soldiers.

Early life
Bond was born in Benkelman in Dundy County, Nebraska. The Bond family, John W., Mabel L. and sister Bernice, lived in Benkelman until 1919 when they moved to Denver, Colorado, where Bond graduated from East High School.

Bond attended the Colorado School of Mines and then attended the University of Southern California and played football on the same team with future USC coach Jess Hill. At 6' 2" and 195 pounds, Bond was a starting lineman on USC's first national-championship team in 1928. He graduated from USC in 1931 with a bachelor of science degree in engineering.

Film career
Bond had a longtime working relationship with directors John Ford and Frank Capra, performing in such films as The Searchers, Drums Along the Mohawk, The Quiet Man, They Were Expendable and Fort Apache for Ford, with whom he made 25 films, and It Happened One Night, It's a Wonderful Life and Riding High for Capra.

Among his other well-known films were Bringing Up Baby (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Maltese Falcon (1941), Sergeant York (1941), Gentleman Jim (1942), Joan of Arc (1948), Rio Bravo (1959), and Raoul Walsh's 1930 widescreen wagon train epic The Big Trail, which also featured John Wayne, in his first leading role.

Bond later starred in the popular series Wagon Train from 1957 until his death. Wagon Train was inspired by the 1950 film Wagon Master, in which Bond also appeared. Wagon Master was influenced by the earlier The Big Trail. For Wagon Train, Bond was assigned the lead role of the crusty but compassionate Major Seth Adams, the trail master.

During the 1940s, Bond was a member of the conservative group called the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, whose major platform was opposition to communists in the film industry.

On the American Film Institute's "100 Years... 100 Movies" list—both the original and the tenth anniversary edition— Bond appears in the casts more often than any other actor, albeit always in a supporting role: It Happened One Night (1934), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Maltese Falcon (1941), It's a Wonderful Life (1946), and The Searchers (1956).

Bond appeared in 13 films that were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: Arrowsmith (1931/32), Lady for a Day (1933), It Happened One Night (1934) Dead End (1937), You Can't Take It with You (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Long Voyage Home (1940), The Maltese Falcon (1941), Sergeant York (1941), It's a Wonderful Life (1946), The Quiet Man (1952), and Mister Roberts (1955).

Bond starred in 23 films with John Wayne:

 * Words and Music – bit part (uncredited) (1929)
 * Salute – Midshipman Harold (1929)
 * The Lone Star Ranger – Townsperson at the Dance (uncredited) (1930)
 * Born Reckless – Sergeant (1930)
 * The Big Trail – Sid Bascomb (1930)
 * Maker of Men – Pat (un-credited) (1931)
 * Three Girls Lost – Airline Steward (un-credited) (1931)
 * College Coach – Assistant Coach (un-credited) (1933)
 * Conflict – Gus "Knockout" Carrigan (1936)
 * The Long Voyage Home – Yank (1940)
 * The Shepherd of the Hills – Wash Gibbs (1941)
 * A Man Betrayed – Floyd (1941)
 * Tall in the Saddle – Judge Robert Garvey (1944)
 * Dakota – Jim Bender (1945)
 * They Were Expendable – BMC "Boats" Mulcahey (1945)
 * 3 Godfathers – Perley "Buck" Sweet (1948)
 * Fort Apache – Sergeant Major Michael O'Rourke (1948)
 * Operation Pacific – Commander John T. "Pop" Perry (1951)
 * The Quiet Man – Father Peter Lonergan (1952)
 * Hondo – Buffalo Baker (1953)
 * Rookie of the Year – Buck Goodhue, Alias Buck Garrison (TV drama 1955)
 * The Searchers – Reverend Captain Samuel Johnson Clayton (1956)
 * The Wings of Eagles – John Dodge (1957)
 * Rio Bravo – Pat Wheeler (1959)

Personal life
Bond married Doris Sellers Childs in 1936, but they divorced in 1944.

In 1954, he married Mary Louise Meyers, and they remained together until his death in November 1960.

Death
Bond suffered a massive heart attack while at a hotel in Dallas with his wife. He was pronounced dead at a hospital on November 5, 1960, at the age of 57. His close friend John Wayne delivered the eulogy at his funeral. Bond's will bequeathed to Wayne the shotgun with which Wayne had once accidentally shot Bond on a hunting trip.

Country singer Johnny Horton was killed in an auto accident in Texas the same day that Ward Bond died, and a baseless urban legend arose that Horton was on his way to Dallas to meet Bond who was to offer Horton a role on Wagon Train. There was no truth to the rumor. Bond was in Dallas to attend a football game at the Cotton Bowl.

Legacy
For his contribution to the television industry, Bond has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard. It was dedicated on February 8, 1960. In 2001, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City.

Filmography

 * Noah's Ark (1928) as Flood Extra uncredited (film debut)
 * Words and Music (1929) as Bit Part (uncredited)
 * Salute (1929) as Midshipman Harold
 * So This Is College (1929) as USC Player-#30 (uncredited)
 * The Lone Star Ranger (1930) as Townsperson at the Dance (uncredited)
 * Born Reckless (1930) as Sergeant
 * Cheer Up and Smile (1930) as Boy at Sweetheart Dance (uncredited)
 * The Big Trail (1930) as Sid Bascom
 * Up The River (1930) as Inmate socked by Saint Louis (uncredited)
 * The Doorway to Hell (1930) as Policeman (uncredited)
 * A Connecticut Yankee (1931) as Queen's Knight (uncredited)
 * Quick Millions (1931) as Cop in Montage (uncredited)
 * Three Girls Lost (1931) as Airline Steward (uncredited)
 * The Brat (1931) as Court Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Spider (1931) as Cop (uncredited)
 * Sob Sister (1931) as Ward (uncredited)
 * Over the Hill (1931) as Detective Escort (uncredited)
 * Arrowsmith (1931) as Cop (uncredited)
 * Maker of Men (1931) as Pat (uncredited)
 * Blonde Crazy (1931) as Highway Patrolman (uncredited)
 * The Greeks Had a Word for Them (1932) as Taxi Driver (uncredited)
 * High Speed (1932) as Ham
 * Careless Lady (1932) as Cop in Raid (uncredited)
 * The Trial of Vivienne Ware (1932) as Johnson (uncredited)
 * Bachelor's Affairs (1932) as Cop (uncredited)
 * Hello Trouble (1932) as "Heavy" Kennedy
 * Hold 'Em Jail (1932) as Football Player (uncredited)
 * White Eagle (1932) as Henchman Bart
 * Rackety Rax (1932) as "Bick" Gilligan
 * Virtue (1932) as Frank
 * Air Mail (1932) as Joe Barnes (uncredited)
 * Flesh (1932) as Muscles Manning (uncredited)
 * Sundown Rider (1932) as Gabe Powers
 * Lucky Devils (1933) as Crewman (uncredited)
 * State Trooper (1933)
 * Obey the Law (1933) as Kid Paris
 * Unknown Valley (1933) as Elder Sneed
 * When Strangers Marry (1933) as Billy McGuire
 * Heroes for Sale (1933) as Red (uncredited)
 * The Wrecker (1933) as Cramer
 * Lady for a Day (1933) as Mounted Policeman (uncredited)
 * Wild Boys of the Road (1933) as Red, the Raping Brakeman (uncredited)
 * Police Car 17 (1933) as Bumps O'Neil
 * College Coach (1933) as Assistant Coach (uncredited)
 * Son of a Sailor (1933) as Joe (uncredited)
 * Straightaway (1933) as Hobo
 * The Fighting Code (1933) as Joe Krull
 * Frontier Marshal (1934) as Ben Murchison
 * School for Romance (1934, Short) as Husband
 * Speed Wings (1934) as Henchman (uncredited)
 * It Happened One Night (1934) as Bus Driver #1 (uncredited)
 * The Poor Rich (1934) as Motor Cop
 * The Fighting Ranger (1934) as Dave, Cougar Henchman
 * Voice in the Night (1934) as Bob Hall
 * Whirlpool (1934) as Farley
 * The Crime of Helen Stanley (1934) as Jack Baker
 * I'll Tell the World (1934) as Dirigible Officer (uncredited)
 * The Most Precious Thing in Life (1934) as Head Coach Smith
 * Here Comes the Groom (1934) as Second Cop
 * A Man's Game (1934) as Dave Jordan
 * The Circus Clown (1934) as Unimpressed Man in Audience (uncredited)
 * The Defense Rests (1934) as Hood
 * The Affairs of Cellini (1934) as Palace Guard Finding Cellini's Clothes (uncredited)
 * Chained (1934) as Ship Steward (uncredited)
 * The Human Side (1934) as Cop
 * Girl in Danger (1934) as Wynkoski
 * Death on the Diamond (1934) as Security Guard in Kelly's Room (uncredited)
 * 6 Day Bike Rider (1934) as First Officer (uncredited)
 * Against the Law (1934) as Tony Rizzo
 * Men of the Night (1934) as Detective John Connors
 * Broadway Bill (1934) as Morgan's Henchman (uncredited)
 * Grand Old Girl (1935) as Mr. Clark (Football Coach) (uncredited)
 * Under Pressure (1935) as Prize Fighter (uncredited)
 * Devil Dogs of the Air (1935) as Instructor
 * One New York Night (1935) as Policeman (uncredited)
 * Times Square Lady (1935) as Dugan (Hockey Player) (uncredited)
 * The Crimson Trail (1935) as Luke Long
 * Black Fury (1935) as Mac (Company Policeman)
 * Fighting Shadows (1935) as Brad Harrison
 * G Men (1935) as Gunman at the Train Station (uncredited)
 * Go Into Your Dance (1935) as Herman Lahey (uncredited)
 * Strangers All (1935) as Ward, Assistant Film Director on Film Set (uncredited)
 * Mary Jane's Pa (1935) as Roughneck Leader (uncredited)
 * The Headline Woman (1935) as Johnson, Reporter
 * Murder in the Fleet (1935) as 'Heavy' Johnson
 * Justice of the Range (1935) as Bob Brennan
 * Calm Yourself (1935) as Detective with Roscoe (uncredited)
 * She Gets Her Man (1935) as Chick
 * Little Big Shot (1935) as Kell's Henchman
 * His Night Out (1935) as Lanky
 * Waterfront Lady (1935) as Jess
 * The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) as Murmex of Carthage, a gladiator (uncredited)
 * Three Kids and a Queen (1935) as Relative (uncredited)
 * Western Courage (1935) as Lacrosse
 * Guard That Girl (1935) as Budge Edwards
 * I Found Stella Parish (1935) as Roman Soldier in Play (uncredited)
 * Broadway Hostess (1935) as Lucky's Henchman (uncredited)
 * Too Tough to Kill (1935) as Danny (Dynamite Foreman)
 * We're Only Human (1935) as Grover's Bank Robber (uncredited)
 * Hitch Hike Lady (1935) as Motorcycle Officer
 * Two in the Dark (1936) as Police in the Dark (uncredited)
 * Muss 'Em Up (1936) as John Doe, a Gangster
 * The Leathernecks Have Landed (1936) as Tex
 * Boulder Dam (1936) as Pa's Guest (uncredited)
 * Colleen (1936) as Sweeney (Second Officer) (uncredited)
 * The First Baby (1936) as Tough Guy (uncredited)
 * Pride of the Marines (1936) as Gunner Brady
 * The Case Against Mrs. Ames (1936) as Newspaper Buyer (uncredited)
 * Avenging Waters (1936) as Marve Slater
 * Fatal Lady (1936) as American Stage Manager (uncredited)
 * The Cattle Thief (1936) as Ranse Willard
 * Fury (1936) as Man (uncredited)
 * High Tension (1936) as Husky Man (uncredited)
 * The Bride Walks Out (1936) as Taxi Driver (uncredited)
 * White Fang (1936) as Thief (uncredited)
 * Crash Donovan (1936) as The Drill Master
 * Second Wife (1936) as 1st Partner Politician (uncredited)
 * They Met in a Taxi (1936) as Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Man Who Lived Twice (1936) as John 'Gloves' Baker
 * The Big Game (1936) as Gambler (uncredited)
 * Without Orders (1936) as Tim Casey
 * Legion of Terror (1936) as Don Foster
 * The Accusing Finger (1936) as Prison Guard (uncredited)
 * Conflict (1936) as Gus "Knockout" Carrigan
 * After the Thin Man (1936) as Party Guest (uncredited)
 * Woman-Wise (1937) as Kramer (uncredited)
 * You Only Live Once (1937) as Casey (Guard) (uncredited)
 * Devil's Playground (1937) as Sidecar Wilson
 * When's Your Birthday? (1937) as Police Detective (uncredited)
 * Park Avenue Logger (1937) as Paul Sangar
 * 23 1/2 Hours' Leave (1937) as Top Sergeant Burke
 * The Soldier and the Lady (1937) as Tartar Guard (uncredited)
 * Night Key (1937) as Fingers
 * They Gave Him a Gun (1937) as Military Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Wildcatter (1937) as Johnson
 * Mountain Music (1937) as G-Man (uncredited)
 * A Fight to the Finish (1937) as Eddie Hawkins
 * The Singing Marine (1937) as First Sergeant (uncredited)
 * Marry the Girl (1937) as First Motorcycle Policeman (uncredited)
 * Topper (1937) as Eddie (Cab Driver Slugged by Topper) (uncredited)
 * Dead End (1937) as Doorman
 * Escape by Night (1937) as Peter 'Spudsy' Baker
 * The Game That Kills (1937) as Tom Ferguson
 * Music for Madame (1937) as Violets (uncredited)
 * The Westland Case (1937) as Connors (Death Row Inmate) (uncredited)
 * Fight for Your Lady (1937) as Mr. Walton (uncredited)
 * The Go Getter (1937) as Logger (scenes deleted)
 * Souls at Sea (1937) as Sailor (uncredited)
 * Penitentiary (1938) as Red Parsons (Prison Barber) (uncredited)
 * Of Human Hearts (1938) as Lout Laughing in Church (uncredited)
 * The Kid Comes Back (1938) as Spike (Sparring Partner) (uncredited)
 * Bringing Up Baby (1938) as Motorcycle Cop at Jail (uncredited)
 * Born to Be Wild (1938) as Bill Purvis
 * Hawaii Calls (1938) as Muller
 * Mr. Moto's Gamble (1938) as Biff Moram
 * Over the Wall (1938) as Eddie Edwards
 * The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938) as Mongol Guard (uncredited)
 * Flight into Nowhere (1938)
 * Gun Law (1938) as Pecos
 * Numbered Woman (1938)
 * Reformatory (1938) as Mac Grady
 * Professor Beware (1938) as Motorcycle Cop (uncredited)
 * Prison Break (1938) as Big Red Kincaid
 * The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) as Tug
 * You Can't Take It with You (1938) as Mike, the Detective (uncredited)
 * Fugitives for a Night (1938) as Gambler in Fake Fight (uncredited)
 * Submarine Patrol (1938) as Seaman Olaf Swanson
 * The Law West of Tombstone (1938) as Mulligan P. Martinez
 * Going Places (1938) as Clarence, Policeman (uncredited)
 * They Made Me a Criminal (1939) as Lenihan
 * Made for Each Other (1939) as Jim Hatton (uncredited)
 * Pardon Our Nerve (1939) as Kid Ramsey
 * The Oklahoma Kid (1939) as Wes Handley
 * Trouble in Sundown (1939) as Henchman Dusty
 * Dodge City (1939) as Bud Taylor
 * Mr. Moto in Danger Island (1939) as Sailor Sam (wrestler) (uncredited)
 * Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939) as an anti-Nazi American Legionnaire (uncredited)
 * Union Pacific (1939) as Tracklayer (uncredited)
 * The Return of the Cisco Kid (1939) as Accused Rustler
 * The Kid from Kokomo (1939) as Ladislaw Klewicki
 * Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) as John Palmer Cass
 * The Girl from Mexico (1939) as Mexican Pete, the Wrestler
 * Waterfront (1939) as Matt Hendler
 * Frontier Marshal (1939) as Town Marshal
 * Dust Be My Destiny (1939) as First Thug on Train (uncredited)
 * Drums Along the Mohawk (1939) as Adam Hartman
 * Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fence (1939) as Hunk
 * Gone with the Wind (1939) as Tom, Yankee Captain
 * The Cisco Kid and the Lady (1939) as Walton
 * Son of Frankenstein (1939) as Gendarme at Gate (uncredited)
 * The Grapes of Wrath (1940) as Needles Policeman
 * Little Old New York (1940) as Regan
 * Virginia City (1940) as Confederate Sergeant Checking Passengers (uncredited)
 * Buck Benny Rides Again (1940) as First Outlaw
 * The Mortal Storm (1940) as Franz
 * Sailor's Lady (1940) as Shore Patrolman
 * Kit Carson (1940) as Ape
 * City for Conquest (1940) as First Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Long Voyage Home (1940) as Yank
 * Santa Fe Trail (1940) as Townley
 * Tobacco Road (1941) as Lov Bensey
 * A Man Betrayed (1941) as Floyd
 * Sergeant York (1941) as Ike Botkin
 * The Shepherd of the Hills (1941) as Wash Gibbs
 * Manpower (1941) as Eddie Adams
 * Doctors Don't Tell (1941) as Barney Millen
 * The Maltese Falcon (1941) as Detective Tom Polhaus
 * Swamp Water (1941) as Tim Dorson
 * Know for Sure (1941, Short) as Patient (uncredited)
 * Wild Bill Hickok Rides (1942) as Sheriff Edmunds
 * The Falcon Takes Over (1942) as Moose Malloy (uncredited)
 * Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942) as Sergeant Scully
 * Sin Town (1942) as Rock Delanry
 * Hitler – Dead or Alive (1942) as Steve Maschick
 * Gentleman Jim (1942) as John L. Sullivan
 * In This Our Life (1942) as Extra at a Roadhouse Table (uncredited)
 * Hello Frisco, Hello (1943) as Sharkey
 * Slightly Dangerous (1943) as Jimmy
 * They Came to Blow Up America (1943) as FBI Chief Craig
 * A Guy Named Joe (1943) as Al Yackey
 * The Sullivans, renamed The Fighting Sullivans (1944) as Lieutenant Commander Robinson
 * Home in Indiana (1944) as Jed Bruce
 * Tall in the Saddle (1944) as Judge Robert Garvey
 * Dakota (1945) as Jim Bender
 * They Were Expendable (1945) as BMC "Boats" Mulcahey
 * Canyon Passage (1946) as Honey Bragg
 * My Darling Clementine (1946) as Morgan Earp
 * It's a Wonderful Life (1946) as Bert, the cop
 * Unconquered (1947) as John Fraser
 * The Fugitive (1947) as El Gringo
 * Fort Apache (1948) as Sergeant Major Michael O'Rourke
 * Sins of the Fathers (1948)
 * The Time of Your Life (1948) as McCarthy
 * Tap Roots (1948) as Hoab Dabney
 * Joan of Arc (1948) as Captain La Hire
 * 3 Godfathers (1948) as Perley "Buck" Sweet
 * Singing Guns (1950) as Sheriff Jim Caradac
 * Riding High (1950) as Lee
 * Wagon Master (1950) as Mormon Elder Wiggs
 * Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye (1950) as Inspector Charles Weber
 * Operation Pacific (1951) as Commander John T. "Pop" Perry
 * The Great Missouri Raid (1951) as Major Marshal Troebridge
 * Only the Valiant (1951) as Corporal Timothy Gilchrist
 * Bullfighter and the Lady (1951) as Narrator (voice, uncredited)
 * On Dangerous Ground (1951) as Walter Brent
 * The Quiet Man (1952) as Father Peter Lonergan
 * Hellgate (1952) as Lieutenant Tod Voorhees
 * Thunderbirds (1952) as Lieutenant John McCreery
 * Blowing Wild (1953) as Dutch Peterson
 * The Moonlighter (1953) as Cole Gardner
 * Hondo (1953) as Buffalo Baker
 * Gypsy Colt (1954) as Frank McWade
 * Johnny Guitar (1954) as John McIvers
 * The Bob Mathias Story (1954) as Coach Virgil Jackson
 * The Long Gray Line (1955) as Captain Herman J. Kohler
 * Mister Roberts (1955) as Chief Petty Officer Dowdy
 * A Man Alone (1955) as Sheriff Gil Corrigan
 * The Searchers (1956) as Reverend Captain Samuel Johnson Clayton
 * Dakota Incident (1956) as Senator Blakely
 * Pillars of the Sky (1956) as Dr. Joseph Holdon
 * The Halliday Brand (1957) as Big Dan Halliday
 * The Wings of Eagles (1957) as John Dodge
 * China Doll (1958) as Father Cairns
 * Rio Bravo (1959) as Pat Wheeler
 * Alias Jesse James (1959) as Major Seth Adams (uncredited)

Television

 * The Silver Theatre (1950) (Season 1 Episode 21: "My Brother's Keeper")
 * The Bigelow Theatre (1951) (Season 1 Episode 24: "His Brother's Keeper") – Unknown
 * The Gulf Playhouse (1952) (Season 1 Episode 2: "You Can Look It Up") – Unknown
 * Schlitz Playhouse (1952) (Season 1 Episode 22: "Apple of His Eye") – Sam Stover
 * The Ford Television Theatre (1953) (Season 2 Episode 12: "Gun Job") – Hank Fetterman
 * General Electric Theater (1953) (Season 1 Episode 5: "Winners Never Lose") and
 * The Ford Television Theatre (1954) (Season 3 Episode 3: "Segment") – Lieutenant Pannetti
 * Suspense (1954) (Season 6 Episode 40: "The Hunted") – Bill Meeker
 * Screen Directors Playhouse (1955) (Season 1 Episode 10: "Rookie of the Year" – Larry 'Buck' Goodhue, Alias Buck Garrison
 * Cavalcade of America (1955) (Season 3 Episode 11: "The Marine Who Was Two Hundred Years Old") – Sergeant Lou Diamond
 * Climax! (1955) (Season 1 Episode 13: "The Mojave Kid") – Sheriff Ab Kale
 * The Christophers (1955–1958) (Episodes: "Washington as a Young Man" and "Bring Out their Greatness") – Various
 * Cavalcade of America (1956) (Season 5 Episode 11: "Once a Hero") – Harvey Kendall
 * Schlitz Playhouse (1956) (Season 5 Episode 33: "Plague Ship") – Captain Parker
 * Schlitz Playhouse (1956) (Season 6 Episode 1: "Moment of Vengeance")
 * Star Stage (1956) (Season 1 Episode 18: "The Marshal and the Mob") – Patterson
 * The Steve Allen Plymouth Show (1957) (Episode: "NBC Fall Preview") – Himself
 * Wagon Train (1957–1961, his death) (133 episodes) – Major Seth Adams (final appearance)
 * The Steve Allen Plymouth Show (1958) (Episode: "Episode #3.16") – Himself
 * General Electric Theater (1958) (Season 7 Episode 10: "A Turkey for the President")

Radio

 * Family Theater – episode – The Visitor (1952)

title: Ward Bond


text:
Wayne Bennett (blues guitarist)

 Wayne Talmadge Bennett (December 13, 1932 – November 28, 1992) was an American blues guitarist, best remembered for his performances and recordings with Bobby Bland between the 1950s and 1980s.

Biography
Bennett was born in Sulphur, Oklahoma, later moving with his parents to Ardmore. He started playing guitar in his teens, and performed in local bands. In 1950, he joined Amos Milburn's band, and made his first recordings with Milburn in California, on tracks including "Bad, Bad, Whiskey" and "One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer".

In the early 1950s Bennett moved to Chicago, where he played in King Kolax's band, and toured with The Moonglows. He also recorded in the mid-1950s with such blues musicians as Otis Rush, Buddy Guy, Arbee Stidham, Jimmy Reed, and Elmore James. He spent several years in the late 1950s touring and recording with the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, before starting his long working relationship with Bobby Bland. He also studied different styles of guitar. Some of Bennett's training included studying guitar with Harry Volpe in New York City for two years; studying harmony with Nate Griffin in Chicago for one year; studying harmony with Junior Mance in Chicago for two years; and studying harmony and ear training with Tony Hanson in Cleveland, Ohio for one year.

He played and recorded with Bobby Bland between the late 1950s and the mid-1960s, and became known for his jazz-tinged blues guitar work. His solo on "Stormy Monday" on Bland's album Here's The Man is still considered by many guitarists to be a classic, drawing both from T-Bone Walker and jazz influences. Another standout solo on Bland's "Wishing Well" displays a compelling virtuosity in the blues idiom that would become a model for young guitarists in England such as Eric Clapton who would become part of the British Invasion of the 1960s.

Bennett himself never liked to claim to be a blues player, preferring instead to be as versatile as he could be, and taking pride in being able to quote from a wide variety of popular music, including TV theme songs. In his earlier years he played a Gibson Byrdland hollow-body, but in later years he was also seen playing a custom Tom Holmes Cadillac solid-body.

In 1965 he joined the Red Saunders band at the Regal Theater in Chicago, and cut his own record in 1968, an instrumental called "Casanova, Your Playing Days are Over" on the now defunct Brunswick label. He was part of Operation Breadbasket in the late 1960s, and worked with jazz musicians, including Cannonball Adderley, Sonny Stitt and Dexter Gordon, as well as later with the Chi-Lites, the Lost Generation, The Hues Corporation; among many others.

At one time or another Bennett was also a member of the house orchestra at the Apollo in New York, the Howard in Washington, D.C., the Uptown Theatre in Philadelphia and the Royal Theatre in Baltimore. He started playing with Bobby Bland again in the mid-1970s, remaining with him until the mid-1980s. In 1990, he played on Willy DeVille's album Victory Mixture.

In 1992, Bennett died in the Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans, from heart failure, a week before a scheduled replacement could be transplanted, at the age of 59. Bennett was inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame in 2001.

In 2018 the Killer Blues Headstone Project placed a headstone for Wayne Bennett in Providence Cemetery in New Orleans, LA.

Solo

 * "Casanova, Your Playing Days are Over" (1967)

With others

 * Sam McClain and Soul Purpose – 1 album
 * Ramsey Lewis – Columbia – 1
 * Tyrone Davis – Dakar-Brunswick – 5
 * Bobby Bland – Duke-Peacock – 8
 * The Chi-Lites – Brunswick – 4
 * Jackie Wilson – Brunswick – 4
 * The Lost Generation – Brunswick – 2
 * Hamilton Bohannon – Brunswick – 3
 * Independents – Scepter – 1
 * Jerry Butler – Mercury – 1
 * Five Blind Boys – Peacock – 2
 * Soul Stirrers – GRT/Chess – 1
 * Mighty Clouds of Joy – GRT/Chess – 2
 * Salem Travelers – GRT/Chess – 1
 * Fats Domino – Imperial – 1
 * Operation Breadbasket – Chess – 2
 * Little Junior Parker – United Artist – 1
 * James Cotton – 3
 * Zuzu Bollin – 1

With Jimmy McGriff With Jimmy Reed
 * Groove Grease (Groove Merchant, 1971)
 * Big Boss Man (BluesWay, 1968)
 * Down in Virginia (BluesWay, 1969)

title: Wayne Bennett (blues guitarist)