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Elders Limited

Elders Limited, formerly known as Elder, Stirling & Co., Elder Smith and Co. and Elder Smith & Co. Ltd, is an Australian agribusiness that provides agricultural goods and services to primary producers in Australia.

Early history (1839–1939)
With the fledgling colony of South Australia only three years old, Alexander Lang Elder arrived in Port Misery (now Port Adelaide) in January 1839 aboard the family-owned schooner Minerva as the only cabin passenger, under Captain David Reid. He went there to set up business and explore opportunities for his family's Scottish-based merchant and shipping business. Alexander's brothers, William, George, and Thomas joined Alexander. Out of the four of them, only Thomas stayed in Australia. Thomas moved to Adelaide in 1854 and worked with George for a year.

After George left, Thomas formed Elder, Stirling & Co with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith, and John Taylor. On Stirling and Taylor's retirement in 1863, Barr Smith and Thomas Elder formed Elder Smith and Co.

In 1888, Elder Smith and Co. was amalgamated with its subsidiary Elder's Wool & Produce Co. Ltd, and Peter Waite became the chairman of directors of the new company, which was called Elder Smith & Co. Ltd. Elders profits more than doubled from 1918 to 1928, with Peter Waite as chairman until his death in 1922, followed by Tom Elder Barr Smith, son of Robert.

In 1929 Walter Bagot, of Woods, Bagot, Jory & Laybourne Smith designed the Elders Currie Street.

World War II and after (1939–1962)
The Elders centenary in 1939 coincided with the start of World War II when the highly competitive wool-selling business was put into government control. As the war continued, the wool auction system remained closed and the British government acquired the total Australian wool clip. In 1941, the British government paid Elders the equivalent of $3 billion today, and nearly $4 billion the following year. The return to the open auction system in 1946 saw the start of a dramatic five-year run for wool. National wool revenues increased 29% and 64% respectively in the first two full years of peace.

In the early 1950s, Norman Giles moved from the Elders WA branch of the company to the Adelaide branch, and two years later became managing director. In 1962 Giles announced the merger of Elder Smith and Goldsbrough Mort with its new corporate headquarters located in Adelaide. In 1970, Giles expanded Elders into Gove Alumina and Robe River mining ventures and launched Elders Finance and Investment Co. Sir Norman Giles retired in 1975 after 54 years with Elders.

Structural changes and expansion beyond agriculture (1970–2009)
In 1976 Elders acquired Pitt Son & Badgery Ltd, a Sydney based former subsidiary of the Scottish-Marra group. In 1982 Elders merged with jam maker Henry Jones IXL to become Elders IXL. The following year, Elders launched a successful takeover bid for Carlton & United Breweries, which it renamed to Elders Brewing Group. In 1989, due to an economic downturn, Elders sold Henry Jones IXL to J.M. Smucker Company, was renamed Elders Pastoral, and became a division of its subsidiary Foster's. In 1993, after being renamed Elders Limited, Elders was floated from Foster's, after which it acquired the Australian Agricultural Company. Two years later, Futuris Corporation, a major shareholder in Elders, became the new owner of Elders Limited.

In 1997, Elders launched Australian Wool Handlers as a joint venture, a wool handling and dumping company that quickly became responsible for more than 60% of the national clip. In 1999 Elders Finance was sold to New Zealand-based company Hanover Finance after Elders had sold this business to NZ based investors who took on $20 million of liabilities. In 2009, Futuris Corporation changed its name to Elders Limited, and changed from its conglomerate holding company structure to a single integrated company with an owner-operated focus around its principal business Elders.

In 2013 Elders returned to a pure play agribusiness by selling and divesting the last portions of its Forestry and Automotive divisions.

Return to pure play agribusiness (2013–2019)
In May 2014, Mark Allison was appointed CEO.

Central to Allison's restructure of Elders was an Eight Point Plan, which outlined an aspirational target of returning Elders to sustainable earnings growth by FY17.

In 2016, Elders acquired 20% of Elders Insurance from QBE and 30% of StockCo.

In 2017, Elders divested its live export division, North Australian Cattle Company (NACC) and Indonesian Feedlot and Abattoir, re-allocating capital to a number of new acquisitions including horticultural inputs and services provider Ace Ohlsson and Kerr & Co Livestock. 2017 also saw Elders complete the buyback of preferential hybrid shares.

In December 2017 Elders paid its first dividend to shareholders in nine years and achieved a market capitalization of $850 million, referred to as "one of the biggest turnarounds in Australia’s corporate history".

In May 2018, Elders acquired Titan Ag, a manufacturer and supplier of agricultural chemicals. Elders began its acquisition of direct competitor Australian Independent Rural Retailers (AIR) in July 2019 after making a $187 million offer.

Rural products
Elders is a significant supplier of farm inputs to primary producers in Australia. Products include seeds, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, animal health products and general rural merchandise. The company also supplies professional and technical services to the rural sector via a network of agronomists.

Agency services
Elders provides services to assist primary producers with the sale of wool, grain and livestock. The company's network of livestock agents and employees operates across Australia, with operations including livestock auctions (both physical and online), and direct sales to feedlots and livestock exporters.

Elders has historically been one of Australia's largest agents for the sale of greasy wool. The company also operates a brokering service for woolgrowers and a grain marketing business.

Real estate services
Elders provides real estate services from around 24,981 branches across Australia. Rural agency services are primarily involved in the marketing and sale of farms, stations and lifestyle estates. Residential real estate services, including agency and property management, operate in major population centres and regional areas through a network of company-owned and franchised offices. Elders is also involved in mortgage and water broking.

Financial services
Elders offers a range of banking and insurance services from branches across Australia.

Feed and processing services
Elders operates the Killara feedlot located south of Tamworth in New South Wales. The company also imports, processes and distributes premium Australian meat in China.

Australian Independent Rural Retailers (AIRR)
In July 2019, Elders announced the acquisition of AIRR, an unlisted public company, for $187 million. AIRR was established in 2006 as an independent buying and marketing group for rural merchandise and pet and produce stores. The business has around 240 independent member stores plus 100 Tuckers Pet & Produce stores across Australia. The acquisition was finalised on 13 November 2019.

Thomas Elder Markets
Thomas Elder Markets (TEM) was established in July 2020 to provide objective and independent analysis on agricultural commodity markets. This unit was set up with leading Australian commodity analysts Andrew Whitelaw and Matt Dalgleish, formerly of Mecardo. The TEM analysis business is one of the first of its kind to have an independence charter to ensure the independence of any work produced

The Thomas Elder Markets website has produced 492 articles between August 2020 and July 2021 which are freely accessible to agricultural stakeholders, these include 205 grain and oilseed, 53 fibre, 190 livestock and 44 other

Social responsibility
In 2016 Elders partnered with the North Queensland Cowboys National Rugby League team, producing a series of television advertisements and community initiatives to raise awareness and break the stigma of mental health. This program ended in 2018.

Following the Sir Ivan bushfire in June 2017 which burned more than 55 000 hectares of western NSW farmland in a single day, many Elders teams gave up time to contribute to a fencing day restoring damaged property. The project was conducted in collaboration with longstanding client Ant Martin of Dalkeith Herefords, whose properties were hit particularly hard by the bushfire. Elders also raised funds for the NSW Farmers Merriwa Sir Ivan Bushfire Appeal.

Elders Give It is a community giving program raising funds for not-for-profit organisations that support rural communities. Current partners of Elders Give It include the Royal Flying Doctor Service, Landcare Australia and Beyond Blue.

In April 2017 Elders on South Australia's Eyre Peninsula raised $25,000 for the Royal Flying Doctor Service and in November of the same year became a major sponsor of the Flying Doctor unveiling a new aircraft bearing the Elders logo, part of a three-year $300,000 sponsorship.

In FY2019, Elders made donations, support and contributions valued at $1.3 million to community projects including sporting teams, schools and rural charities.

Awards

 * National Safety Council of Australia – Judges’ Choice Award for Excellence in Workplace Health and Safety 2015
 * Turnaround Management Association – Large Business Turnaround of the Year 2015
 * Elders Insurance – Canstar – Outstanding Value (Landlord Insurance) 2017
 * Korn Ferry Employee Engagement Awards – Outstanding Employer 2017 and 2019
 * Governance Risk and Compliance Institute – Team of the Year (Elders Financial Planning) 2018
 * Elders Real Estate – Canstar Blue – Most Satisfied Customers 2019

title: Elders Limited


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Toucan Sam

Toucan Sam is the cartoon toucan mascot for Froot Loops breakfast cereal. The character has been featured in advertising since 1963. He exhibits the ability to smell Froot Loops from great distances and invariably locates a concealed bowl of the cereal while intoning, "Follow your nose! It always knows!", sometimes followed by "The flavour of fruit! Wherever it grows!" Another version of this phrase in a string of commercials in the late 2000s presents the character at the end of the commercials saying "Just follow your nose!", followed by his nephews retorting, "For the fruity taste that shows!"

History
Toucan Sam became the mascot for Froot Loops cereal in 1963. Manuel R. Vega created the cartoon character and originally voiced by Mel Blanc, using an ordinary American accent. Blanc's original commercials were noted for their use of Pig Latin (referring to the cereal as OOT-fray OOPS-lay). The ad agency later decided to switch to the British accent more commonly associated with the character. They then employed Paul Frees to do what is, in effect, an imitation of Ronald Colman. After the death of Paul Frees, Toucan Sam's voice was performed by Maurice LaMarche (1986–2021), then Matthew Curtis for a single spot in 2020. In July 2021, Toucan Sam was re-designed and re-cast as a friendly and wise British accented voice - a role filled by voice actor Colin Cassidy.

Toucan Sam had a cousin named Arty Artin featured in a few commercials.

Animation of the commercials was created by several animation companies including Thumbnail Spots; this impacted the character growth over the years.

Although his nose originally had two pink stripes, during the 1970s it became a tradition that each stripe on his nose represented one of the colours of the pieces in the cereal. The additions of new colours have made this colour scheme no longer accurate. There are now six colours of this cereal. The first new colour was green, which was introduced in 1991, then purple in 1994, and blue in 1996.

The colours, perhaps, represent different flavours present in the cereal, but each colour has the same flavour.

Maya Archaeology Initiative
The Maya Archaeology Initiative (MAI) is a project of the World Free Press Institute (WFPI). In June 2010, WFPI submitted a trademark application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for the MAI logo, a profile of a toucan with a Mayan temple in the background, both encircled by yellow/green light. It was published on 15 March 2011.

Kellogg's (owner of the Toucan Sam logo) objected because the two logos are too similar. That caused a long argument, which ended on 15 November 2011 with an announcement that Kellogg's and the MAI were forming a charitable partnership.

Recent commercials
Since 1994, Toucan Sam has been joined onscreen by his nephews Puey, Susey, and Louis, though they are never actually referred to by name. The nephews are voiced by two notable voiceover artists: Frank Welker and Jim Cummings. In recent commercials, Toucan Sam's three nephews have joined him in opposition to many practical Froot Loop-loving enemies through a series of integrated commercials (each of them as well as appropriately advertise the cereal itself).

The Toucan Sam campaign was produced by Pepper Films, Inc. until 2013 when Kellogg's transitioned the Froot Loops brand to CGI with animation company Nathan Love. Toucan Sam is currently voiced by Colin Cassidy.

In 2020, Toucan Sam was redesigned to a more simplistic and contemporary design. The design received negative reactions, with many detractors noting that actual toucans don't have human-like mouths in real life. He was redesigned again in 2021, retaining his original look in a brighter blue with red, orange, green, and purple stripes on his nose, while having a more solid appearance instead of a feathery texture. This was done due to the overwhelming negative reaction the previous redesign received. During this redesign, a Froot Loops YouTube channel was created.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Toucan Sam


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List of islands called Oronsay

This is a list of islands called Oronsay (Scottish Gaelic: ), which provides an index for islands in Scotland with this and similar names. It is one of the more common names for Scottish islands. The names come from Örfirisey which translates from Old Norse as "tidal" or "ebb island". The many islands include:

Inner Hebrides

 * Eilean Ornsay, off Coll
 * Oronsay, Colonsay
 * Ornsay, by Isleornsay (Eilean Iarmain), Sound of Sleat
 * Oronsay, Loch Bracadale, Skye
 * Oronsay, Loch Sunart (enclosing Loch Drumbuie), Morvern

Lewis

 * Orasaigh off Leurbost
 * Eilean Orasaigh near Cromor

North Uist

 * Orasaigh N of Vallay
 * Oronsay, Outer Hebrides by the hamlet of Greinetobht (approx 85 ha; 25 m)
 * Orasaigh head of Loch Euphort
 * Orasaigh Loch Amhlasaraigh (west of Tobha Beag)
 * Orasaigh Sound of Harris, by the hamlet of Bagh a Chaise

Benbecula

 * Orasaigh Uisgeabhagh
 * Orasaigh Loch Uisgebhagh
 * Orasaigh N of Meanais

South Uist

 * Orasaigh South-west (30m)
 * Orasaigh North-east

Barra

 * Orosay North (38 m)
 * Orasaigh Castlebay (west)
 * Orasaigh Castlebay (east)
 * Orasaigh East

title: List of islands called Oronsay


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Jon McBride

Jon Andrew McBride (born August 14, 1943), is a retired NASA astronaut and American naval officer.

Over the course of his career with the United States Navy, McBride served as an aviator, a fighter pilot, a test pilot, and an aeronautical engineer. He had achieved the rank of captain when he retired in 1989.

McBride was also an astronaut with NASA, a role in which he piloted STS-41-G, and would have been commander of STS-61-E had the mission not been cancelled in the wake of the Challenger disaster.

Early life, education and personal life
Jon McBride was born August 14, 1943, in Charleston, West Virginia, but considers Beckley, West Virginia, to be his hometown. He graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School, Beckley, West Virginia in 1960, then attended West Virginia University 1960–1964, and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1971. He did graduate work in Human Resource Management at Pepperdine University. At West Virginia, McBride became a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.

McBride has three children: Richard M. (March 3, 1962 – January 14, 1992), Melissa L. (December 12, 1966), and Jon A. (born October 21, 1970). He has 8 grandchildren: Megan, Collin, Richard, Austin, Cadi, Bailey, Ryan (1999–2021), and Kendall.

Military career
McBride's naval service began in 1965 with flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. After being designated a Naval Aviator and receiving his wings in August 1966, he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 101 (VF-101) based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, for training in the F-4 Phantom II aircraft. He was subsequently assigned to Fighter Squadron 41 (VF-41) where he served 3 years as a fighter pilot and division officer. He has also served tours with VF-11 and VF-103. While deployed to Southeast Asia, McBride flew 64 combat missions during the Vietnam War.

He attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (Class 75A) at Edwards Air Force Base, California, prior to reporting to Air Test and Development Squadron Four (VX-4) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where he served as maintenance officer and Sidewinder project officer. He has flown over 40 different types of military and civilian aircraft and piloted the Navy "Spirit of '76" bicentennial-painted F-4J Phantom in various air shows during 1976, 1977, and 1978. He holds current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ratings which include civilian commercial pilot certificate (multi-engine), instrument, and glider; and he previously served as a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI).

He logged over 8,800 hours flying time—including 4,700 hours in jet aircraft and over 600 carrier landings.

NASA career
Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, McBride became an astronaut in August 1979. His NASA assignments have included lead chase pilot for the maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Columbia, software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-5, STS-6, and STS-7, Flight Data File (FDF) Manager, and orbital rendezvous procedures development.

McBride was pilot of STS-41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984, aboard the Orbiter Challenger. This was the first crew of seven. During their eight-day mission, crew members deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the Earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984.

McBride was scheduled to fly next in March 1986, as the commander of STS-61-E crew. This flight was one of several deferred by NASA in the wake of the Challenger accident in January 1986. On July 30, 1987, McBride was assigned to NASA Headquarters to serve as Assistant Administrator for Congressional Relations, with responsibility for NASA's relationship with the United States Congress, and for providing coordination and direction to all Headquarters and Field Center communications with Congressional support organizations. He held this post from September 1987 through March 1989. In 1988, McBride was named to command the crew of the STS-35 (ASTRO-1) mission, scheduled for launch in March 1990, but chose to retire from NASA instead.

On September 23, 2011, the NASA Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V) in Fairmont, West Virginia dedicated a NASA software laboratory to the West Virginia native Jon McBride. The laboratory's official name is the Jon McBride Software Testing and Research Laboratory, or JSTAR. JSTAR is NASA IV&V's environment for adaptable testing and simulation, designed to enhance tools and methods used to critically assess mission and safety critical software across NASA's missions. The lab supports end to end testing on mission flight software through the application of analytical rigor to reduce the threat of software-related mission failure.

In September 2012, at the JSTAR one year celebration, NASA's IV&V Program launched the JSTAR website. The JSTAR website highlights all the work being performed under the JSTAR umbrella at NASA's IV&V facility.

Business career
In May 1989, McBride retired from NASA and the U.S. Navy, in order to pursue a business career. He was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Flying Eagle Corporation in Lewisburg, West Virginia, and President of the Constructors' Labor Council of West Virginia (heavy/highway construction contractors).

Political career
In 1996, he unsuccessfully vied for the Republican nomination for Governor of West Virginia, losing to Cecil H. Underwood.

In subsequent years, he left West Virginia to pursue business opportunities in Arizona.

Kennedy Space Center & Retirement
By 2008, McBride was retired and living near Cocoa, Florida. According to a short interview on September 20, 2017, during a "Meet an Astronaut" event, he was also actively working on improving the Space Shuttle Experience ride. He proposed to assist in the development of a landing sequence for the ride. McBride remained active supporting the "Lunch with an Astronaut" program at Kennedy Space Center until 2020 when he announced his retirement from duty at the visitor's center.

Organizations
Executive Committee, Association of Space Explorers (Co-President, 1995–1996)
 * Association of Naval Aviation
 * Veterans of Foreign Wars
 * American Legion
 * Society of Experimental Test Pilots
 * Phi Delta Theta
 * National Honor Society
 * West Virginia University Engineering Visiting Committee (Chairman, 1990–1992)
 * University System of West Virginia Board of Trustees (1992–1995)
 * Co-Chairman (with wife), American Cancer Society fund-raising (State of West Virginia) 1990
 * Executive Committee, Boy Scouts of America
 * President, Association of Space Explorers (USA) (1997–1998)
 * March of Dimes
 * American Red Cross Disaster Relief
 * Shawnee Hills Mental Health Group

Awards and honors

 * Legion of Merit
 * Defense Superior Service Medal
 * Air Medals (3)
 * Navy Commendation Medal with Combat V
 * Navy Unit Commendation
 * National Defense Service Medal
 * Vietnam Service Medal
 * NASA Space Flight Medal
 * West Virginia Secretary of State's "State Medallion" and appointed "West Virginia Ambassador of Good Will Among All Men" (1980)
 * Honorary Doctorate in Aerospace Engineering from Salem College (1984)
 * Honorary Doctorate of Science from West Virginia University (1985)
 * Honorary Doctorate of Science from University of Charleston (1987)
 * Honorary Doctorate of Science from West Virginia Institute of Technology (1987)
 * West Virginia Society's "Son-of-the-Year" (1988), City of Beckley
 * West Virginia "Hall of Fame"
 * Distinguished Alumni; West Virginia University (1988)
 * West Virginia's "Honorary Italian-American" (1988)
 * Kanawha County, West Virginia's "Famous Person Award" (1988)
 * West Virginia Broadcasters' "Man-of-the-Year" (1989)
 * City of Hope's "Spirit of Life Award Winner" (1991)
 * Daughters of the American Revolution "Medal of Honor" (1993)

title: Jon McBride


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Space Coast

The Space Coast is a region in the U.S. state of Florida around the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. It is one of several "themed" coasts around Florida. All orbital launches from American soil carrying NASA astronauts (running from Project Mercury in 1961 to the end of the Space Shuttle program in 2011, and since 2020 using the SpaceX Dragon 2) have departed from either KSC or Cape Canaveral. The Space Force Station has also launched unmanned military and civilian rockets. Cities in the area include Port St. John, Titusville, Cocoa, Rockledge, Cape Canaveral, Merritt Island (unincorporated), Cocoa Beach, Melbourne, Satellite Beach, Indian Harbour Beach, Indialantic, Melbourne Beach, Palm Bay, and Viera (unincorporated). Most of the area lies within Brevard County. It is bounded on the south by the Treasure Coast, on the west by Central Florida including Orlando (and is economically tied to that region), on the north by Volusia County, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean.

One reason rockets are launched from the Space Coast has to do with the Earth's rotation. The Earth rotates from west to east, most quickly at the equator, and to take advantage of this, adding the speed of rotation to the orbital velocity of the rocket, it is most beneficial to launch eastward from a location near the equator. Launching from an uninhabited location on an easterly coast at low latitude, minimizing the danger posed by debris from a failed launch, is ideal both for the safety of the people on the ground and for fuel efficiency of the rocket. Given the high population densities in coastal Texas, South Florida, and Puerto Rico, the Space Coast is often considered the best location when all factors are taken into account.

Space-named landmarks (outside KSC and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station)
Many places near the Cape are named for subjects relating to the US space program including vehicles, astronauts, and the spaceport itself.

 * Alan Shepard Park, Cocoa Beach
 * Apollo Boulevard, Melbourne
 * Apollo Elementary School, Titusville
 * Armstrong Drive, Titusville
 * Astronaut Boulevard, Cape Canaveral
 * Astronaut High School, Titusville
 * Atlantis Elementary School, Port St. John
 * Bayside High School, Palm Bay
 * Challenger 7 Elementary School, Port St. John
 * Challenger Memorial Parkway, (State Road 407), Titusville
 * Chaffee Drive, Titusville
 * Christa McAuliffe drawbridge, Merritt Island
 * Christa McAuliffe Elementary School, Palm Bay
 * Columbia Boulevard (State Road 405), Titusville
 * Columbia Elementary School, Palm Bay
 * Columbia Village, Melbourne (Florida Institute of Technology)
 * Discovery Elementary School, Palm Bay
 * Endeavour Elementary Magnet school, Cocoa
 * Enterprise Elementary School, Cocoa
 * Freedom 7 Elementary School, Cocoa Beach
 * Gemini Elementary School, Melbourne Beach
 * Grissom Parkway, Cocoa
 * I Dream Of Jeannie Drive, Cocoa Beach
 * John F. Kennedy Middle School, Rockledge
 * Jupiter Boulevard, Palm Bay
 * Kennedy Point Park, Titusville
 * MILA Elementary School, Merritt Island (an abbreviation for "Merritt Island Launch Area")
 * Minutemen Causeway, Cocoa Beach
 * NASA Boulevard (State Road 508), Melbourne
 * Ronald McNair Middle Magnet School, Rockledge
 * Satellite Beach, Florida
 * Satellite Boulevard, Cocoa
 * Satellite High School, Satellite Beach
 * Shepard Drive, Titusville
 * Space Coast Jr./Sr. High School
 * Space Coast Stadium, Viera, Florida
 * Space Coast Surge, a member of the Florida Winter Baseball League played out of Cocoa in 2009
 * Space View Park, Titusville
 * White Drive, Titusville

Telephone area code
When the region became too heavily populated to be served by only one area code, a local resident Robert Osband (aka Richard Cheshire) discovered that area code 321 was not assigned to any other territory (though it was being considered for the suburban Chicago area). If each number is pronounced individually—"3, 2, 1"—the pronunciation resembles the countdown before liftoff; thus, the resident petitioned for the code to be assigned to the Space Coast region. His efforts were popular among local residents and resulted in success; the new code officially became effective on November 1, 1999.

Tourism
Because it is home to Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station the local area is popular with visitors to watch rocket launches in person. Over 100,000 people are believed to have been present in February 2018 for the Falcon Heavy test flight. It is home to Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, US Space Walk of Fame, and the Air Force Space and Missile Museum. Nearly 1 million people were present to watch the last space shuttle launch in 2011. 150,000 people were present for the Crew Dragon Demo-2 launch. The area is also home to many space-themed businesses. 750,000 to 900,000 people gathered on the space coast to watch the Apollo 11 launch in 1969.

The area also sees Christmas tourism, as thousands of people attend the Surfing Santas festival in Cocoa Beach (by Cape Canaveral) over the holiday season. Cocoa Beach attracts all types of people looking for a vacation because of the beachy location. A weekend here may have people stopping by a surf museum or shopping at a tiki gallery.

Media
Brevard Business News is a weekly newspaper in Melbourne, Florida, United States covering business news and trends for the Space Coast. Fred Krupski started Brevard Business News in 1981, and Adrienne B. Roth purchased it in 1986.

title: Space Coast


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Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO; Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research) is an independent statutory research organization in the Netherlands that focuses on applied science. It conducts contract research, offers specialist consulting services, and grants licenses for patents and specialist software. TNO also sets up new companies to market innovations.

Background
TNO was established by law in 1932 to support companies and governments. TNO also held 10% of the Austrian research center Joanneum Research from 2004 to 2014.

Model
The work of TNO is focused on the so-called Top Sectors, and social issues relevant to Europe.

The Early Research Programmes and Shared Innovation Programmes are always funded in part with public funds. Research results are further developed and applied in contract research, which is fully funded by TNO's customers.

Projects

 * TROPOMI: A satellite instrument that carries out measurements on the troposphere.
 * Personalized Digital Health: A personalized diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
 * Hybridisation of Trucks and Buses: Focuses on the Total Cost of Ownership reduction for trucks and buses.
 * Truck Platooning: This project creates truck platooning technology.
 * Blockchain: Provides a blockchain laboratory.
 * Shaded Dome: In cooperation with the armed forces, it is a dome structure designed to protect against harmful weather conditions and provide ballistic protection.
 * The GeoERA programme: Several institutions from 31 countries are cooperating on geological research projects.
 * Innovation for Development: A programme designed to disseminate research results to small and medium-sized enterprises.
 * SolaRoad: Bike path made from solar panels, known as a "SolaRoad".
 * TIM: TNO Intestinal Models, a system of models to mimick the digestive tract.

Locations
TNO is headquartered in The Hague. Other locations include: Amsterdam, Delft, Rijswijk, Leiden, Groningen, Helmond, Petten, Soesterberg, Utrecht, Zeist and Eindhoven. TNO also has international branch offices in Shin-Yokohama (Japan), Toronto (Canada), Brussels (Belgium), Doha (Qatar), Singapore and Aruba. The locations of Hoofddorp and Enschede were closed in 2014.

Criticism
During World War II, the organization controlled several large institutes under the occupation of the Nazis. The Director was Hugo Rudolph Kruyt. As rector of the University of Utrecht, he fired the Jewish professors Ornstein, Roos and Wolff and the Jewish student assistants Fisher, Katz, Pais and Van der Hoeven. He was a member of the board of the AKU, which was controlled by the Germans.

In 2006, TNO-ITSEF, a subsidiary organization of TNO, was criticized for resisting the publication of its test reports regarding widely used voting computers in the Netherlands. In the same year, a Swiss research group refuted a widely publicized TNO report claiming UMTS radiation is a health hazard. The organization also received criticism after the evacuation of 200 residents of an Amsterdam housing estate over fears of its structural integrity when the construction had been technically approved by TNO only five months earlier. TNO was also criticized for its 2006 handling of an investigation into the collapse of a balcony in Maastricht in 2003 that killed two people.

In 2018, TNO was accused of committing fraud to disguise the cause of the disaster for their report about the fireworks disaster in Enschede on 13 May 2000, according to an investigation by Paul van Buitenen.


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David Leestma

David Cornell Leestma (born May 6, 1949) is a former American astronaut and retired Captain in the United States Navy.

Personal data
Born May 6, 1949, in Muskegon, Michigan. He and his wife have six children. He enjoys golfing, tennis, aviation, and fishing.

Education
Graduated from Tustin High School in Tustin, California, in 1967; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1971, and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1972.

Organizations
Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA); Life Member, Association of Naval Aviation.

Special honors
The Distinguished Flying Cross, Legion of Merit, Defense Superior Service Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, Navy Achievement Medal, Meritorious Unit Commendation (VX-4), National Defense Service Medal, Battle "E" Award (VF-32), the Rear Admiral Thurston James Award (1973), the NASA Space Flight Medal (1984, 1989, 1992), the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1985, 1988, 1991, 1992), and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (1993, 1994). He was awarded the Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive Award in 1998 and again in 2004.

Experience
Leestma joined the U.S Naval Sea Cadet Corps in 8th grade. Leestma said that "[Sea Cadets] was my first experience with the military service and it appealed to me... [Sea Cadets] was the beginning of this journey with the Navy that has been a lifetime experience." Leestma graduated first in his class from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1971. As a first lieutenant afloat, he was assigned to USS Hepburn (FF-1055) in Long Beach, California, before reporting in January 1972 to the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. He completed United States Naval Flight Officer training and received his NFO wings in October 1973. He was assigned to VF-124 in San Diego, California, for initial flight training in the F-14A Tomcat and then transferred to VF-32 in June 1974 and was stationed at Virginia Beach, Virginia. Leestma made three overseas deployments to the Mediterranean/North Atlantic areas while flying aboard the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67). In 1977, he was reassigned to Air Test and Evaluation Squadron Four (VX-4) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California. As an operational test director with the F-14A, he conducted the first operational testing of new tactical software for the F-14 and completed the follow-on test and evaluation of new F-14A avionics, including the programmable signal processor. He also served as fleet model manager for the F-14A tactical manual.

He has logged over 3,500 hours of flight time, including nearly 1,500 hours in the F-14A. Leestma retired from the Navy as a captain.

NASA experience
He was selected by NASA to become an astronaut in 1980 and was the first member of NASA Astronaut Group 9 to go into space. Following his first flight, Leestma served as a capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-51-C through STS-61-A. He was then assigned as the Chief, Mission Development Branch, responsible for assessing the operational integration requirements of payloads that will fly aboard the Space Shuttle. From February 1990 to September 1991, when he started training for his third space mission, Leestma served as deputy director of Flight Crew Operations. Following this flight, he served as Deputy Chief and Acting Chief of the Astronaut Office. Leestma was selected as the Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, in November 1992. As Director, FCOD, he had overall responsibility for the Astronaut Office and for Johnson Space Center (JSC) Aircraft Operations. During his tenure as Director, 41 Shuttle flights and 7 Mir missions were successfully flown. He was responsible for the selection of Astronaut Groups 15, 16 and 17. While director, he oversaw the requirements, development modifications of the T-38A transition to the T-38N avionics upgrades. In September 1998, Leestma was reassigned as the deputy director, Engineering, in charge of the management of Johnson Space Center Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) Projects. In August 2001 he was assigned as the JSC Project Manager for the Space Launch Initiative, responsible for all JSC work related to the development of the new launch system. Leestma is currently serving as the Assistant Program Manager for the Orbital Space Plane Program, responsible for the vehicle systems and operations of the new crewed vehicle that is to serve as the transfer vehicle for space flight crews to and from the International Space Station.

A veteran of three space flights, Leestma has logged a total of 532.7 hours in space. He was a mission specialist on STS-41-G (October 5–13, 1984), STS-28 (August 8–13, 1989), and STS-45 (March 24 to April 2, 1992).

Space flight experience
STS-41-G Challenger, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984. It was the sixth flight of the orbiter Challenger and the thirteenth flight of the Space Shuttle system. The seven-person crew also included two payload specialists: one from Canada, and one Navy oceanographer. During the mission, the crew deployed the ERBS satellite using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), operated the OSTA-3 payload (including the SIR-B radar, FILE, and MAPS experiments) and the Large Format Camera (LFC), conducted a satellite refueling demonstration using hydrazine fuel with the Orbital Refueling System (ORS), and conducted numerous in-cabin experiments as well as activating eight "Getaway Special" canisters. Dave Leestma and Kathryn Sullivan successfully conducted a 3½ hour extravehicular activity (EVA) to demonstrate the feasibility of actual satellite refueling.

STS-28 Columbia, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded with a lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989.

STS-45 Atlantis, launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on March 24, 1992. During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained a vast array of detailed measurements of atmospheric, chemical and physical properties, which will contribute significantly to improving our understanding of our climate and atmosphere. STS-45 landed on April 2, 1992, on Runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, after completing 142 orbits of the Earth.

title: David Leestma


text:
Inverse kinematics

In computer animation and robotics, inverse kinematics is the mathematical process of calculating the variable joint parameters needed to place the end of a kinematic chain, such as a robot manipulator or animation character's skeleton, in a given position and orientation relative to the start of the chain. Given joint parameters, the position and orientation of the chain's end, e.g. the hand of the character or robot, can typically be calculated directly using multiple applications of trigonometric formulas, a process known as forward kinematics. However, the reverse operation is, in general, much more challenging.

Inverse kinematics is also used to recover the movements of an object in the world from some other data, such as a film of those movements, or a film of the world as seen by a camera which is itself making those movements. This occurs, for example, where a human actor's filmed movements are to be duplicated by an animated character.

Robotics
In robotics, inverse kinematics makes use of the kinematics equations to determine the joint parameters that provide a desired configuration (position and rotation) for each of the robot's end-effectors. This is important because robot tasks are performed with the end effectors, while control effort applies to the joints. Determining the movement of a robot so that its end-effectors move from an initial configuration to a desired configuration is known as motion planning. Inverse kinematics transforms the motion plan into joint actuator trajectories for the robot. Similar formulas determine the positions of the skeleton of an animated character that is to move in a particular way in a film, or of a vehicle such as a car or boat containing the camera which is shooting a scene of a film. Once a vehicle's motions are known, they can be used to determine the constantly-changing viewpoint for computer-generated imagery of objects in the landscape such as buildings, so that these objects change in perspective while themselves not appearing to move as the vehicle-borne camera goes past them.

The movement of a kinematic chain, whether it is a robot or an animated character, is modeled by the kinematics equations of the chain. These equations define the configuration of the chain in terms of its joint parameters. Forward kinematics uses the joint parameters to compute the configuration of the chain, and inverse kinematics reverses this calculation to determine the joint parameters that achieve a desired configuration.

Kinematic analysis
Kinematic analysis is one of the first steps in the design of most industrial robots. Kinematic analysis allows the designer to obtain information on the position of each component within the mechanical system. This information is necessary for subsequent dynamic analysis along with control paths.

Inverse kinematics is an example of the kinematic analysis of a constrained system of rigid bodies, or kinematic chain. The kinematic equations of a robot can be used to define the loop equations of a complex articulated system. These loop equations are non-linear constraints on the configuration parameters of the system. The independent parameters in these equations are known as the degrees of freedom of the system.

While analytical solutions to the inverse kinematics problem exist for a wide range of kinematic chains, computer modeling and animation tools often use Newton's method to solve the non-linear kinematics equations. When trying to find an analytical solution it is often convenient exploit the geometry of the system and decompose it using subproblems with known solutions.

Other applications of inverse kinematic algorithms include interactive manipulation, animation control and collision avoidance.

Inverse kinematics and 3D animation
Inverse kinematics is important to game programming and 3D animation, where it is used to connect game characters physically to the world, such as feet landing firmly on top of terrain (see for a comprehensive survey on Inverse Kinematics Techniques in Computer Graphics).

An animated figure is modeled with a skeleton of rigid segments connected with joints, called a kinematic chain. The kinematics equations of the figure define the relationship between the joint angles of the figure and its pose or configuration. The forward kinematic animation problem uses the kinematics equations to determine the pose given the joint angles. The inverse kinematics problem computes the joint angles for a desired pose of the figure.

It is often easier for computer-based designers, artists, and animators to define the spatial configuration of an assembly or figure by moving parts, or arms and legs, rather than directly manipulating joint angles. Therefore, inverse kinematics is used in computer-aided design systems to animate assemblies and by computer-based artists and animators to position figures and characters.

The assembly is modeled as rigid links connected by joints that are defined as mates, or geometric constraints. Movement of one element requires the computation of the joint angles for the other elements to maintain the joint constraints. For example, inverse kinematics allows an artist to move the hand of a 3D human model to a desired position and orientation and have an algorithm select the proper angles of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. Successful implementation of computer animation usually also requires that the figure move within reasonable anthropomorphic limits.

A method of comparing both forward and inverse kinematics for the animation of a character can be defined by the advantages inherent to each. For instance, blocking animation where large motion arcs are used is often more advantageous in forward kinematics. However, more delicate animation and positioning of the target end-effector in relation to other models might be easier using inverted kinematics. Modern digital creation packages (DCC) offer methods to apply both forward and inverse kinematics to models.

Analytical solutions to inverse kinematics
In some, but not all cases, there exist analytical solutions to inverse kinematic problems. One such example is for a 6-Degrees of Freedom (DoF) robot (for example, 6 revolute joints) moving in 3D space (with 3 position degrees of freedom, and 3 rotational degrees of freedom). If the degrees of freedom of the robot exceeds the degrees of freedom of the end-effector, for example with a 7 DoF robot with 7 revolute joints, then there exist infinitely many solutions to the IK problem, and an analytical solution does not exist. Further extending this example, it is possible to fix one joint and analytically solve for the other joints, but perhaps a better solution is offered by numerical methods (next section), which can instead optimize a solution given additional preferences (costs in an optimization problem).

An analytic solution to an inverse kinematics problem is a closed-form expression that takes the end-effector pose as input and gives joint positions as output, $$q = f(x)$$. Analytical inverse kinematics solvers can be significantly faster than numerical solvers and provide more than one solution, but only a finite number of solutions, for a given end-effector pose.

Many different programs (Such as FOSS programs IKFast and Inverse Kinematics Library) are able to solve these problems quickly and efficiently using different algorithms such as the FABRIK solver. One issue with these solvers, is that they are known to not necessarily give locally smooth solutions between two adjacent configurations, which can cause instability if iterative solutions to inverse kinematics are required, such as if the IK is solved inside a high-rate control loop.

Numerical solutions to IK problems
There are many methods of modelling and solving inverse kinematics problems. The most flexible of these methods typically rely on iterative optimization to seek out an approximate solution, due to the difficulty of inverting the forward kinematics equation and the possibility of an empty solution space. The core idea behind several of these methods is to model the forward kinematics equation using a Taylor series expansion, which can be simpler to invert and solve than the original system.

The Jacobian inverse technique
The Jacobian inverse technique is a simple yet effective way of implementing inverse kinematics. Let there be $$m$$ variables that govern the forward-kinematics equation, i.e. the position function. These variables may be joint angles, lengths, or other arbitrary real values. If, for example, the IK system lives in a 3-dimensional space, the position function can be viewed as a mapping $$p(x): \mathbb{R}^m \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3$$. Let $$p_0 = p(x_0)$$ give the initial position of the system, and

 * $$p_1 = p(x_0 + \Delta x)$$

be the goal position of the system. The Jacobian inverse technique iteratively computes an estimate of $$\Delta x$$ that minimizes the error given by $$||p(x_0 + \Delta x_{estimate}) - p_1||$$.

For small $$\Delta x$$-vectors, the series expansion of the position function gives

 * $$p(x_1) \approx p(x_0) + J_p(x_0)\Delta x$$,

where $$J_p(x_0)$$ is the (3 × m) Jacobian matrix of the position function at $$x_0$$.

The (i, k)-th entry of the Jacobian matrix can be approximated numerically

 * $$\frac{\partial p_i}{\partial x_k} \approx \frac{p_i(x_{0,k} + h) - p_i(x_0)}{h}$$,

where $$p_i(x)$$ gives the i-th component of the position function, $$x_{0,k} + h$$ is simply $$x_0$$ with a small delta added to its k-th component, and $$h$$ is a reasonably small positive value.

Taking the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse of the Jacobian (computable using a singular value decomposition) and re-arranging terms results in

 * $$\Delta x \approx J_p^+(x_0)\Delta p$$,

where $$\Delta p = p(x_0 + \Delta x) - p(x_0)$$.

Applying the inverse Jacobian method once will result in a very rough estimate of the desired $$\Delta x$$-vector. A line search should be used to scale this $$\Delta x$$ to an acceptable value. The estimate for $$\Delta x$$ can be improved via the following algorithm (known as the Newton–Raphson method):

 * $$\Delta x_{k+1} = J_p^+(x_k)\Delta p_k$$

Once some $$\Delta x$$-vector has caused the error to drop close to zero, the algorithm should terminate. Existing methods based on the Hessian matrix of the system have been reported to converge to desired $$\Delta x$$ values using fewer iterations, though, in some cases more computational resources.

Heuristic methods
The inverse kinematics problem can also be approximated using heuristic methods. These methods perform simple, iterative operations to gradually lead to an approximation of the solution. The heuristic algorithms have low computational cost (return the final pose very quickly), and usually support joint constraints. The most popular heuristic algorithms are cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) and forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics (FABRIK).

title: Inverse kinematics


text: User talk:198.63.171.23

title: User talk:198.63.171.23


text:
Wikipedia:Tutorial (historical)/Wikipedia links

Linking Wikipedia articles together is very important. These easily created links allow users to jump to information related to the article they are reading, greatly adding to Wikipedia's usefulness.

When to link
Adding links to an article makes it more useful, but too many links can be distracting. To avoid overlinking, you should normally create a link in an article only at the first occurrence of a word or phrase (thus, lead sections of articles often have more links than other sections). You should not link common words such as "state" and "world", even though Wikipedia has articles for those words, unless these common words are central concepts to the article.

For more information, see Manual of Style/Linking

How to link
To make a link to another Wikipedia page (called a wiki link), put it in double square brackets, like this:

which the reader will see, after you publish your edit, as this: Sandbox

If you want to link to an article, but display some other text for the link, you can do so by adding the pipe "|" divider (SHIFT + BACKSLASH on English-layout and other keyboards) followed by the alternative name. Place the article you want to link to before the pipe divider, and the text to be seen after the pipe divider. Two examples:

1.   In the finished article, the text will read 'Fox', and link to the article called 'Fox Broadcasting Company'.

2.  and will both display as #|Queen, but link to very different articles.

You can make a link to a specific section of a page like so:

For example:

will display as this: Categories

If you want the display text of the link to appear in italics or bold, nest the double square brackets for the link within the multiple apostrophes that delimit the italicized or bold text, like this:

which will display as this: War and Peace

Please check your links to ensure they point to the correct article. For example, Apple points to the article about the fruit, while Apple Inc. is the title of the article about the consumer electronics manufacturer. There are also "disambiguation" pages, which are not articles, but rather pages which contain links to articles with similar titles. Some, such as Apple (disambiguation) are obvious, while others such as Georgia use generic titles. These differing titles are where piped links are especially useful. For example, a wikilink of Georgia (country) is much less readable than a piped link of Georgia, though both take the reader to the same place.

For more information, see Help:Link

Categories
You can also put the article in a category with others in a related topic. Near the bottom of the article, type [[Category:]], and put the name of the category between the colon and the brackets. For example,.

It is very important to put in the correct categories so that other people can easily find your work. The best way to find which categories to put in is to look at pages on similar subjects and check which categories they use. For example, if you write an article about a type of tree, you may look at an article on another type of tree to see which categories could be appropriate.

For more information, see Categorization

VisualEditor
Links can be added through the menu, or by using the shortcut Ctrl.

Using the linking menu or shortcut creates a dialog box that allows you to search for relevant internal links within Wikipedia. Pressing Enter or the "" button causes the link to appear on the VisualEditor page.

External links (to other websites) can be created using the "" tab, and entering a URL in the box. In articles, this is generally appropriate only in the External links section, at the bottom of the page. For more information, see VisualEditor/User_guide

For more information, see Simplified ruleset

Note: ''To view this information in an article style format, see contributing to Wikipedia. Wikipedia also has "topic specific tutorials"; and The Wikipedia Adventure  a comprehensive and fun 7-mission interactive guided tour, which covers all the essentials about editing and the expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community.''

Continue the tutorial with Citing sources →


text:
Paul Scully-Power

Paul Desmond Scully-Power, AM GOSE FRAeS (born May 28, 1944) is an Australian-American oceanographer, technology expert and business executive. In 1984, while a civilian employee of the United States Naval Undersea Warfare Center, he flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-41-G as a Payload Specialist. He was the first Australian-born person to journey into space, and the first astronaut with a beard.

During his time in space he was able to confirm the existence of spiral eddies, and observe them with the naked eye.

Scully-Power went on to work in private industry. He is considered a world expert in remote sensing: visible, infra-red, radar and acoustic and is considered a security, aviation and aerospace expert.

He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2004 Australia Day Honours "for service to science in the fields of oceanography and space remote sensing, and to the community through contributions to a range of government regulatory agencies and through raising public awareness of conservation issues."

Early life and education
Paul Scully-Power was born in Sydney, Australia. He attended schools in London, and Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview and St Pius X College, Chatswood, in Sydney. He studied applied mathematics at the University of Sydney, where he resided at St John's College, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science with Honours in 1966 and a Diploma of Education in 1967.

Career
In January 1967, after graduating from the University of Sydney, Scully-Power was approached by the Royal Australian Navy to set up the first oceanographic group within the Navy.

From January 1967 to July 1972 he was a Scientific officer, and remained the first permanent head of the oceanographic group.

From July 1972 to March 1974 he was an Australian Navy Exchange Scientist, U.S. Navy. Worked at the U.S. Naval Underwater Systems Center, New London, Connecticut, and at the Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C. During this period, he was invited to assist the Earth Observations team on the Skylab Project and has worked in space oceanography for each manned spacecraft mission since that time.

From March 1974 to March 1975 he returned to Australia, planned and executed the joint Australia, New Zealand, United States project ANZUS EDDY, which was the first combined oceanographic and acoustic measurement of an ocean eddy ever conducted.

In 1976, he was appointed a foreign principal investigator for the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission, which was one of a series of satellites launched by NASA to explore the usefulness of remote sensing measurements.

In October 1977, he emigrated to the United States and was offered a position at the Naval Underwater Systems Center. This position is that of a senior scientist and technical specialist on the staff of the Associate Technical Director for Research and Technology with the responsibility to insure the development of a comprehensive and balanced technology base within the Center. He became a U.S. citizen in 1982.

NASA career
In June 1984, Scully-Power was chosen by NASA to be a Payload Specialist (known among the crew affectionately as a blanket counter) on the 13th Shuttle mission, which would study Earth Sciences. His space flight STS-41-G Challenger (October 5–13, 1984) was launched from and returned to land at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. STS-41-G was the first mission with a 7-person crew, and the first to demonstrate American orbital fuel transfer. During the 8-day flight, the crew deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. At mission conclusion, Scully-Power had traveled over 3.4 million miles in 133 Earth orbits, and logged over 197 hours in space.

His role was to investigate spiral eddies, which at the time were thought to be rare. He was able to photograph them with an ordinary camera, and show that they were ubiquitous.

NASA initially expected him to shave his beard before spaceflight, but allowed it after he was able to demonstrate that it didn't affect his helmet's seal.

Corporate career
Scully-Power became the CTO of Tenix Group in 2004, and in 2007 was appointed chairman and CEO of SensorConnect Inc., a Silicon Valley high-tech company. He was formerly the CTO of the Tenix Group, Australia's largest Defence & Technology contractor.

Scully-Power has extensive commercial, government and academic experience in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and is widely recognised in the fields of defence & national security, aviation & aerospace, marine science, communications & systems analysis, and education.

Scully-Power has served as a director of a number of public and private corporate and advisory boards worldwide.

Scully-Power is past chairman of the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority and the Federal Government's International Space Advisory Group, a former Chancellor of Bond University (Australia's largest private university), and was the inaugural Chairman of the Queensland Premier's Science and Technology Council. Prior to that he spent over twenty years in the United States where he managed and led many high technology and defence industry programs. He served with the U.S. Navy, NASA, the Pentagon, and the White House, where he was the head of a Government-Industry partnership for the development of advanced communications systems as part of the White House National Technology Strategy Program. He was also responsible for the funding of major programs at universities and research institutions on behalf of the U.S. government. Additionally, he held the Distinguished Chair of Environmental Acoustics, was a research associate at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, chairman of Membership of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, served on the University & College Accreditation Board, and was president of the Fort Trumbull Federal Credit Union. Before going to America, he was the inaugural head of the Royal Australian Navy's Oceanographic Group, deploying to sea on 26 cruises and qualifying as a naval ship's diver.

Scully-Power was the first president of the U.N. International Commission on Space Oceanography. He is U.S. Air Force qualified for full pressure suit flying, and was a flight crew instructor in the Astronaut Office, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. Scully-Power is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, a Liveryman of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators, and a Freeman of the City of London.

He is involved in many business and community groups through his roles as patron of the Australian Aviation Museum, the Royal Australian Navy Laboratory Association, and the League of Ancient Mariners; past vice president of the Naval Warfare Officers' Association; a member of the International Trade and Government Committee of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce; and a director of the Australia Youth Trust set up by Princess Diana. He is also a founding member of the advisory board of Environment Business Australia. Scully-Power served for five years on the Australian Trade Commission, and for eight years on the Australian Institute of Company Directors. A larger than life-size oil painting of Dr Scully-Power hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra.

He was an advocate for the NSW bid to host the Australian Space Agency.

Awards and honors

 * U.S. Navy Distinguished Service Medal
 * NASA Space Flight Medal
 * The Casey Baldwin Medallion of the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute
 * United States Presidential Letter of Commendation
 * U.S. Congressional Certificate of Merit
 * United Nations Association Distinguished Service Award
 * Laureate of the Albatross (Oceanography's 'Nobel Prize')
 * The Order of the Decibel (the highest award in the field of Underwater Acoustics)
 * Oswald Watt Gold Medal (Australia's highest aviation award).
 * Member of the Order of Australia (AM)
 * Grand Officer (Second Class) of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia (GOSE) (for developing a water filtration system)
 * Life Membership of the Space Industry Association of Australia

Organizations

 * American Geophysical Union
 * Acoustical Society of America
 * American Meteorological Society
 * American Association for the Advancement of Science
 * U.S. Naval Institute
 * Australian Marine Sciences Association
 * Luskintyre Aviation Museum

Personal life
Scully-Power is married with six children. His recreational interests include squash and racketball, sailing, and reading.

Technical papers
Scully-Power is considered a world expert in remote sensing: visible, infra-red, radar and acoustic sensing and has earned the highest degree in science, a Doctor of Science in Applied Mathematics for his work. He has published over ninety international scientific reports and technical journal articles, including the Bakerian Lecture of the Royal Society. He has been a major contributor to the U.S. Navy's warfare appraisal and surveillance strategies, and was recognised by the University of Sydney in 1995 as its Distinguished Graduate. He discovered the phenomenon of ocean spiral eddies.

He has published in many fields, including physical oceanography, underwater acoustics, remote sensing, applied mathematics, space oceanography, marine biology, meteorology, and ocean engineering.

Biography

 * Oceans to Orbit: The Story of Australia's First Man in Space, Paul Scully-Power, 1995, by Colin Burgess.
 * Australia's Astronauts: Three Men and a Spaceflight Dream, 1999, by Colin Burgess.
 * Australia's Astronauts: Countdown to a Spaceflight Dream, 2009, by Colin Burgess.

title: Paul Scully-Power


text:
Talk:Act Without Words I

Comment
"the play was originally written in French being translated into English by Beckett himself"

How the hell can a play without words be translated? Kent Wang 19:14, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL, now that's amusing. I hope the translation comment was intended as a joke, as it's a good one. :-) Jwrosenzweig 19:15, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'm not sure what's a joke and what isn't, but just to be on the safe side: the play doesn't have words inasmuch as it has no dialogue, but it has a lot of stage directions, and it is these that were translated. --Camembert
 * "I'm not sure what's a joke and what isn't" - this sums up all of wikipedia in a single phrase. Slow Riot (talk) 10:27, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Act Without Words I


text:
Trinity College (Connecticut)

Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Founded as Washington College in 1823, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut. Coeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,235 students. Trinity offers 41 majors and 28 interdisciplinary minors. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).

19th century
Bishop Thomas Brownell opened Washington College in 1824 to nine male students and the vigorous protest of Yale alumni. A 14-acre site was chosen, at the time about a half-mile from the city of Hartford.

The college was renamed Trinity College in 1845; the original campus consisted of two Greek Revival buildings. One of the Greek Revival buildings housed a chapel, library, and lecture rooms. The other was a dormitory for the male students.

In 1872, Trinity College was persuaded by the state to move from its downtown "College Hill" location (now Capitol Hill, site of the state capitol building) to its current 100 acre campus a mile southwest. Although the college sold its land overlooking the Park River and Bushnell Park in 1872, it did not complete its move to its Gallows Hill campus until 1878. The original plans for the Gallows Hill site were drawn by the noted Victorian architect William Burges but were too ambitious and too expensive to be fully realized. Only one section of the proposed campus plan, the Long Walk, was completed.

By 1889, the library contained 30,000 volumes, and the school graduated over 900 students. Enrollment reached 122 in 1892.

20th century
President Remsen Ogilby (1920–1943) enlarged the campus, and more than doubled the endowment. The faculty grew from 25 to 62, and the student body from 167 to 530 men. Under President Keith Funston (1943–1951), returning veterans expanded the enrollment to 900.

In 1962, Connecticut Public Television (CPTV) began its first broadcasts in the Trinity College Public Library, and later in Boardman Hall, a science building on campus.

In 1968, the trustees voted to withdraw from the Association of Episcopal Colleges. Also in 1968, the trustees of Trinity College voted to make a commitment to enroll more minority students, providing financial aid as needed. This decision was preceded by a siege of the administrative offices in the Downes and Williams Memorial buildings during which Trinity students would not allow the president or trustees to leave until they agreed to the resolution.

In 1969, Trinity College became coeducational and admitted its first female students, as transfers from Vassar College and Smith College.

Academics
Trinity offers undergraduate degrees in 41 majors with options of 28 minors and a self-designed major, and Masters of Arts in a few subjects. Trinity is part of a small group of liberal arts schools that offer degrees in engineering. Trinity has a student-to-faculty ratio of 9:1. Its most popular undergraduate majors, by number out of 517 graduates in 2022, were:
 * Political Science and Government (80)
 * Economics (64)
 * Psychology (41)
 * Econometrics and Quantitative Economics (38)
 * Engineering (28)
 * Neuroscience (24)
 * Biology/Biological Sciences (23)

Trinity College, Rome Campus
Trinity College, Rome Campus (TCRC), is a study abroad campus of Trinity College. It was established in 1970 and is in a residential area of Rome on the Aventine Hill close to the Basilica of Santa Sabina within the precincts of a convent run by an order of nuns.

Admissions
The 2020 annual ranking by U.S. News & World Report categorizes Trinity as "more selective".

For the Class of 2022 (enrolling fall 2018), Trinity received 6,096 applications, accepted 2,045 (33.5%) and enrolled 579.

As of fall 2015, Trinity College does not require the SAT or ACT for students applying for admission. Of the 31% of enrolled freshmen submitting SAT scores, the middle 50% range was 630–710 for evidence-based reading and writing, and 670–750 for math, while of the 23% of enrolled freshmen submitting ACT results, the middle 50% range for the composite score was 29–32.

Rankings and reputation
In 2022, Forbes magazine ranked Trinity College 12th amongst all liberal arts universities and 62nd amongst all colleges and universities. U.S. News & World Report ranked Trinity 39th in its 2022 ranking of best national liberal arts colleges in the United States. It was also ranked 46th for best value school. However, these US News rankings likely reflect that Trinity joined the "Annapolis Group" in August 2007, an organization of more than 100 of the nation's liberal arts schools, in refusing to participate in the magazine's rankings. Trinity College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

In 2016, authors Howard and Matthew Greene continued to include Trinity in the third edition of Hidden Ivies: 63 Top Colleges that Rival the Ivy League. The Princeton Review has given Trinity a 93 (out of 99) for selectivity and in 2017 named Trinity as a best value college. Money.com magazine ranked Trinity College 55th among all colleges and universities in the nation.

Mascot
Trinity's mascot, the bantam, was conceived by Joseph Buffington, class of 1875, who was a federal judge and trustee of the college.

Student publication
The Trinity Tripod, founded in 1904, is Trinity College's student newspaper.

Fraternities and sororities
According to the college, 18% of the student body are affiliated with a Greek organization.

In 2012, then-president James F. Jones proposed a social policy for Trinity College which made a commitment, among other things, to require all sororities and fraternities to achieve gender parity within two years or face closure. Trinity College's co-ed mandate for fraternities and sororities was withdrawn in September 2015 and replaced with the "Campaign for Community" effort to establish more inclusive social traditions on campus.

Trinity currently has several sororities and fraternities:

Long Walk buildings
The first buildings completed on the current campus were Seabury and Jarvis halls in 1878. Together with Northam Towers, these make up what is known as the "Long Walk". These buildings are an early example of Collegiate Gothic architecture in the United States, built to plans drawn up by William Burges, with F.H. Kimball as supervising architect. The Long Walk has been expanded and is connected with several other buildings. On the northernmost end there is the chapel, whose western side is connected to the Downes and Williams Memorial building. Heading south, the next building is Jarvis Hall, named after Abraham Jarvis. Jarvis becomes Northam Towers heading south, then Seabury Hall. Seabury Hall, named for Samuel Seabury, is connected to Hamlin Hall. To Hamlin's east is Cook, then Goodwin and then Woodward. The dormitories on the Long Walk end there, and the terminal building on the south end of the long walk is Clement/Cinestudio. Clement is the chemistry building; Cinestudio a student run movie theater. If one travels to the south of Hamlin there will be Mather Hall and the Dean of Students Office.

Main quadrangle
Trinity's campus features a central green known as the Main Quad, designed by famed architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The large expanse of grass is bound on the west by the Long Walk, on the east by the Lower Long Walk, on the north by the chapel, and on the south by the Cook and Goodwin-Woodward dormitories. Trinity's green is notable for its unusually large, rectangular size, running the entire length of the Long Walk and with no walkways traversing it. Trees on the Quad have been planted in a 'T' configuration (for Trinity) with the letter's base at the statue of Bishop Brownell (built 1867). and its top running the length of the Long Walk.

Film
Cinestudio is an art cinema with 1930s-style design. An article in the Hartford Advocate described this non-profit organization, which depends solely on grants and the efforts of volunteer workers who are paid in free movies.

Music
Trinity College hosts the Albert Schweitzer Organ Festival, one of the top competitions for young organists in North America. The festival features performances on the chapel organ, which was designed by Charles Nazarian, a college alumnus and pipe organ designer, in consultation with Clarence Watters, who was the chapel organist and head of the college's music department from 1932 to 1967. The organ incorporates pipes from the chapel’s original 1932 Aeolian-Skinner organ and was built in 1971 by Austin Organs of Hartford.

The Chapel Singers perform concerts on campus as well as on domestic and international tours. Trinity also hosts the annual Trinity International Hip Hop Festival. The festival was founded in 2006 with the goal of unifying Trinity with the city of Hartford.

Since 2006, Trinity's WRTC FM radio station has broadcast the Trinity Samba Fest from the Hartford waterfront featuring regional and international talent.

Academic regalia
Trinity followed the European pattern of using academic regalia from its foundation, and was one of only four US institutions (all associated with the Episcopal Church) to assign gowns and hoods for its degrees in 1883. There were six degrees awarded at the time, all taking a black gown of silk or stuff and a hood of black silk lined according to the degree: B.A. white silk, M.A. dove-colored silk, B.D. crimson silk, D.D. scarlet silk, L.L.D. pink silk, Mus.D. purple silk.

In 1894, a year before the introduction of the intercollegiate code on academic costume, the college brought in a new scheme of academic regalia. The hoods and gowns followed the shape of those used at the University of Oxford except that the hood for Doctors of Divinity was of the shape used at the University of Cambridge.

A variety of different colours and fabrics were used for the hoods: B.A. black stuff edged palatinate purple, B.S. black stuff edged light blue silk, B.Litt. black stuff edged russet brown silk, B.D. black silk edged scarlet silk (not in use by 1957), L.L.B. black silk edged dark blue silk (not in use by 1957), Mus.B. black silk edged pink silk (not in use by 1957), M.A. black silk lined palatinate purple silk, M.S. black stuff lined light blue silk, D.D. scarlet cloth lined black silk, D.Litt. scarlet silk-lined russet brown silk, L.L.D. scarlet silk lined dark blue silk, D.C.L. crimson silk lined black silk, Mus.D. white silk-lined pink silk, D.Sc. black silk lined light blue silk, Ph.D. black silk lined people silk (not in use by 1957), M.D. scarlet silk lined maroon silk (not in use by 1957).

D.P.H. black cloth lined salmon pink silk (1945), D.H.Litt. scarlet silk-lined people silk (1947), D.Hum. white silk-lined crimson (1957), and D.S.T. scarlet silk-lined blue with a gold chevron (1957) were later added.

As of 2018, the hoods for doctorates (except the Ph.D. and M.D.) and for the M.Mus. remain in use for honorary degrees, with the further addition since 1957 of the D.F.A. wrote lined white with a red Chevron.

Notable alumni
Trinity College's distinguished alumni include many influential and historical people, including governors, US Cabinet members, federal judges, political commentators and journalists, and senior executives in business and industry.

Notable alumni of Trinity College include:

 * Kristine Belson, Class of 1986, president of Sony Pictures Animation and Oscar-nominated film producer (The Croods)
 * S. Prestley Blake, co-founder of Friendly's
 * Joseph Buffington, judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Tucker Carlson, Class of 1991, political commentator, co-founder of The Daily Caller, former host of Fox News Channel's Tucker Carlson Tonight, former host of Fox Nation's Tucker Carlson Today
 * Tom Chappell, founder of Tom's of Maine
 * Martin W. Clement, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1935 to 1948.
 * Percival W. Clement, 57th Governor of Vermont
 * Thomas R. DiBenedetto, president of Boston International Group, owner and former chairman of AS Roma
 * Edward Miner Gallaudet, first president of Gallaudet University
 * David Gottesman, billionaire, founder of First Manhattan Co., and member of Berkshire Hathaway's board of directors
 * Henry McBride, fourth Governor of Washington State
 * Mary McCormack, actress (In Plain Sight, The West Wing). Her two siblings are also Trinity graduates. Bridget McCormack is Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, and Will McCormack is an actor.
 * Mitchell M. Merin, former president and chief operating officer of Morgan Stanley Investment Management
 * James Murren, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of MGM Resorts International
 * Neil Patel, American lawyer, conservative political advisor to Vice President Dick Cheney, publisher and co-founder of The Daily Caller
 * Gregory Anthony Perdicaris, first U.S. Consul to Greece
 * Charles R. Perrin, chairman of Warnaco, former chairman and CEO of Avon Products and of Duracell
 * Rachel Platten, singer-songwriter
 * William C. Richardson, board director of Exelon; former president of Johns Hopkins University
 * Jane Swift, Class of 1987, former Acting Governor of Massachusetts
 * J. H. Hobart Ward, US Army general
 * Jesse Watters, Class of 2001, conservative commentator, host of Jesse Watters Primetime, and co-host of The Five on Fox News
 * John Williams, eleventh presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States
 * Leo Wise (1849–1933), newspaper editor and publisher
 * Charles C. Van Zandt, 34th Governor of Rhode Island

title: Trinity College (Connecticut)


text:
Talk:Conrad Nicholson Hilton Jr.

Was he really also known as "Nicky" Hilton as is the sister of Paris?

 * google  Conrad "Nicky" Hilton  and you get lots of hits. Nicky Hilton was named after him.  This nickname wouldn't justify a disambiguation page, though, IMHO.

title: Talk:Conrad Nicholson Hilton Jr.


text:
China trade

China trade may refer to

 * History of trade of the People's Republic of China
 * History of trade of the Republic of China (1949-present)
 * Economy of the People's Republic of China
 * Economy of the Republic of China
 * Economic history of China (pre-1911)
 * Economic history of China (1912–1949)
 * Old China Trade, the commerce between China and the United States in the late 18th and early 19th century
 * China Trade, a novel by S. J. Rozan

title: China trade


text:
Charter Oak State College

Charter Oak State College is a public online college based in New Britain, Connecticut. The college was founded in 1973 by the Connecticut Legislature and offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. The college is adjacent to Central Connecticut State University and is named for Connecticut's famous Charter Oak.

Charter Oak State College is part of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities. It is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education and functions under the degree-granting authority of the Connecticut Board of Regents for Higher Education. Previously, the Board for State Academic Awards (BSAA), established in 1973, granted degrees through Charter Oak State College. In 2012, the Connecticut Board of Regents for Higher Education replaced the BSAA as Charter Oak State College's governing body.

Charter Oak State College is a distance learning institution that mainly serves the adult population and allows different opportunities for credit to be earned compared to a tradition college. Charter Oak has awarded over 16,000 degrees since its founding in 1973.

Academics
Charter Oak State College can award the Associate degree (in both arts and science), the Bachelor of Arts degree, the Bachelor of Science degree, and, since 2015, the Master of Science degree. The bachelor's degree programs include several majors, as well as a General Studies degree with a wide selection of concentrations.

Student demographics
Charter Oak State College's adult students include the military, civilian federal and state employees, working adults pursuing first or second degrees, and students taking additional coursework in preparation for graduate school. Charter Oak State College's students are 65% female, 35% male and range in age from 17 to 72, with an average age of 39. 69% of Charter Oak's students are Connecticut residents.

Notable alumni

 * Bobby Gibson, educator and politician
 * Marvin Jones, professional football player
 * Jason Murphey, politician
 * Zach Payne, politician
 * Robyn Porter, politician
 * Peter Reinhart, baker, educator, and author
 * Jerome Tang, college basketball coach
 * Al Terzi, news anchor
 * Larry Valencia, politician

title: Charter Oak State College


text:
Talk:Angioplasty

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2020 and 31 January 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mrwikimed. Peer reviewers: ErBec.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:16, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Early Comments
I am not a Cardiologist, so will not edit the page, however results of the following three tests demonstrate that Endarterectomy has superior short-term results versus Angioplasty. Refer to the MedScape CME at http://cme.medscape.com/viewarticle/718080. --tdschwarz (talk) 14:12, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * @tdschwarz, endarterectomy is not always an option in cases where angioplasty is chosen. In certain anatomic locations (like the common femoral artery, and maybe the internal carotid although thats a hot topic) endarterectomy has better outcomes. In others, like the superficial femoral artery, angioplasty or vascular bypass are used, since endarterectomizing the whole artery is not practical. BakerStMD T|C 19:50, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for the Image, Bleiglass. Jfdwolff 19:22, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

A suggestion/request: Would it be possible to have a section on the page that summarises Angioplasty in 'lay' terms? I'm finding the article as it stands now a bit too complicated to follow, as it seems to make heavy use of specific terminology.
 * Above posted by User:217.169.18.208 on 14:18, 10 May 2006

Rewrite
I've just spent an hour trying to clean up this article. It is unreferenced, it was poorly written, and frankly, it reads like a Cordis or Guidant commercial. If one of their marketing people wrote this article, they ought to be terminated, because they don't know about what they speak. And if a Cardiologist wrote this article, remind me to ask to have his license checked. This article needs work. Orangemarlin 07:34, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Percutaneous coronary intervention
I did some restructuring of the Coronary angioplasty section, hopefully to the better. But perhaps this section should be integrated in the percutaneous coronary intervention entry instead? Terjen 01:50, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. This article is far from cleaned up.  Let me read the other article and give my humble opinion.  Orangemarlin 03:01, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It needs a bit more work for sure.--Filll 20:28, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Here's an interesting article about this topic

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17800298/wid/11915773?GT1=9145

(article removed, since it was linked to above and is likely copyright vio)

 * Just a note, the study that the article refers to is a study on patients with stable angina only. The recommendations for these patients is to use drugs as first line therapy.  Stenting is sometimes useful to relieve symptoms in those patients who don't get relief with drugs alone. Stenting is not used to prevent death or heart attack in this particular group of patients.  So really the study that recently came out only reinforces current recommendations, I'm not sure why it's getting so much hype in the news and on wall street.  Now, do patients get stents or procedures they don't need?  Probably, but thats a different issue altogether.
 * Agree. First of all, if we are to refer to the trial, we should refer to the trial.  Not a popular press piece that is made for sound bites.  Second, if this goes anywhere, it should be in percutaneous coronary intervention (maybe in a section on indications for PCI?), not here. Ksheka 13:35, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

"Modified herpes virus keeps arteries 'free-flowing' following procedures"
'''“This study is an important step in the application of genetically engineered herpes simplex viruses for treatment of vascular disease," Skelly added. "It suggests that genetically engineered viruses may have a significant impact on the outcomes of angioplasty performed in humans. Human trials would be the next step to test this theory.”''' Brian Pearson 03:54, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Etymology
I've changed the word origin in the first paragraph (mainly because it is not a portmanteau word). I don't know how to do Greek characters (or if it's necessary), but if anybody would like to add the Greek script, aggeion has a circumflex accent on the "i" and plastos has an acute on the "o". DavidCh0 (talk) 12:42, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The Greek script has been fixed.--Jmjanzen (talk) 13:50, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Jmjanzen, you've added the diacritics to the Latin script, which is an improvement. I've added the words in Greek script - αγγειος needs a smooth breathing on tha alpha and a circumflex on the iota - can anybody help? (I managed the accent for plastos from the listed character set.) DavidCh0 (talk) 12:48, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Balloon angioplasty
I entered 'balloon angioplasty' in the search bar and I was redirected to this page, which ostensibly tells me nothing about balloon angioplasty. Do all forms of angioplasty use balloons? How does balloon angioplasty work? This article doesn't help me at all. I'm going to research elsewhere and I may come back and add some clarifying material to the page for laypeople, but I invite anyone who already knows about balloon angioplasty to contribute instead, or in addition.--Jmjanzen (talk) 18:13, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, all angioplasty uses balloons. A good description can be found on the Percutaneous coronary intervention page. Perhaps some of the material can be moved to the angioplasty page. Dlodge (talk) 18:25, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Agree BakerStMD  T|C 19:45, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Yesterday, I ran across a reference to 'chemical angioplasty' in a scientific article, so I did a MEDLINE search for 'chemical angioplasty' and got 3 hits. It looks like some doctors are using this term to describe the intra-arterial injection of vasodilators to treat cerebral vasospasm. I think chemical/pharmacological angioplasty deserves mention in this article. When this is done, a redirect page should be created for 'chemical angioplasty'.--Jmjanzen (talk) 18:34, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing as chemical angioplasty - they are using the term in error when talking about invasive methods of injecting vasodilating drugs into the cerebral circulation. It is not a method of mechanically reshaping the vessel wall, it it using vasoactive drugs to affect the vessels innate smooth muscle. Dlodge (talk) 00:37, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Agree BakerStMD  T|C 19:45, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Study on angioplasty
People with chronic chest pain who are not in big danger of a heart attack now may have even less reason to rush into an artery-opening angioplasty: There's more evidence drugs should be tried first and often are just as effective. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.224.46.255 (talk) 21:59, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

History Section is Inaccurate
It is well known that angioplasty was initially described by interventional radiologist Charles Dotter in 1964.

Dotter, C.T. and M.P. Judkins. Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction. Circulation. Volume 30. Pages 654-670. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/30/5/654

I think that the history section should be moved to directly after the introduction and should accurately depict Dr. Dotter as the inventor of the procedure. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.64.141.9 (talk) 21:10, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

Merger Proposal
I would like to propose that this article be merged with Percutaneous coronary intervention -- and while i have proposed this on the PCI page, I am still unsure which should be merged where. This article seems to be in need of cleanup, and the PCI article at least seems to be more frequently edited. The complication is that Angioplasty has MeSH terms for it specifically, though it appears in some way to be a subset of PCI. The literature seems to refer to PCI more than angioplasty, at least recently. Either way, it seems worthy to discuss the merging of the two articles. UseTheCommandLine (talk) 22:35, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Disagree. Angioplasty not just used in the heart. Thus it should not be merged with a page that only discussed the use of the technique only in the heart. BakerStMD T|C 19:44, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

"Patient Safety" section is misplaced
This section doesn't appear to bear specifically to angioplasty, it sounds biased, and doesn't appear well-referenced.

I recommend removing it entirely, but it should minimally be reduced in scope to something that pertains more directly with angioplasty and perhaps the (higher?) risks associated with patient safety in this procedure. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.8.94.126 (talk) 15:54, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Identical content was cross-posted into several medical articles. I agree it is out of place and potentially biased; could be some sort of SEO attempt or something. I've removed it from all the pages I found it on, with the exception of Patient safety where it may, arguably, have a place. - EronTalk 17:03, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

WP:MEDMOS
I just reorganized this article to follow WP:Medmos. The outline proposed there for operations and procedures is:

 * Medical uses
 * Contra-indications
 * Technique (avoid step-by-step instructions)
 * Risks/Complications
 * Recovery or Rehabilitation
 * History (e.g., when it was invented)
 * Society and culture (includes legal issues, if any)
 * Special populations
 * Other animals

BakerStMD T|C 20:23, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

sizes - (spatial dimensions = lengths, thicknesses), numbers
This article is of some academic interest to students and others either for pre-medical preparation or for a better understanding and handling of the reader's personal world (with its people and other creatures).

The pictures of medical, anatomical entities, for a better appreciation of their importance in maintaining good health, may include a depiction of physical dimensions while in the human. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vijay Chary (talk • contribs) 23:52, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090124041654/http://www.med.nyu.edu:80/interventionalrad/procedures/vascularprocedures.html to http://www.med.nyu.edu/interventionalrad/procedures/vascularprocedures.html

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Workplan to edit and add to this page
These are several additions and edits I would like to add to the angioplasty article:

Uses section:

Peripheral angioplasty: Systematic review finds that among patients with femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease, drug-eluting balloon angioplasty had significantly less restenosis, late lumen loss and target lesion revascularization at both short term and midterms follow-up compared to uncoated balloon angioplasty. Reference: PMID: 27478005

Renal Artery Angioplasty: Systematic review suggests there is a weak recommendation for renal artery angioplasty in patients with renal artery stenosis and flash edema or congestive heart failure. Reference: PMID: 22455866

Venous angioplasty: Systematic review suggests there is a weak recommendation for deep venous stenting to treat obstructive chronic venous disease. Reference: PMID: 26464055

Risks and Complications section:

Systematic review of patients with Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease (AIOD) identifies distal embolization, access site hematomas, pseudoaneurysms, arterial ruptures and arterial dissections as potential adverse outcomes of angioplasty. Reference: PMID: 20598474

I want to add:

Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome leading to stroke is a serious complication of carotid artery angioplasty with stenting. Reference: PMID: 30196814

Recovery section:

I want to add:

A systematic review finds concomitant use of Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors following coronary angiography is associated with significantly higher adverse cardiovascular complications such as MACEs, stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Long-term mortality is not significantly different, though. Reference: PMID: 28056809

References section: Remove reference 5 which links to unrelated breast imaging page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrwikimed (talk • contribs) 19:56, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Moved from PCI section of this article
A PCI used with stable coronary artery disease reduces chest pain but does not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or other major cardiovascular events when added to optimal medical therapy. This finding has be en further confirmed by the $100 million 2019 ISCHEMIA Trial.

Furthermore, mortality rates are higher after PCI compared to Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with multivessel disease especially with comorbid conditions such as diabetes.

WikiProject Medicine Peer Review
Here is some comments by particular topics. Overall looks really good.

Target Audience readability: I think this topic is a difficult one for the general population to fully understand. I think you did well explaining it to the target audience (Probably mostly non-physicians). I like how many of the harder to understand words are linked to fully understand them. Some sentences may be hard for the general population to understand. For example “late lumen loss and target lesion revascularization”, but there really isn't that many ways to reword it without sounding like a run-on sentence. Overall really good on a topic that is hard.

Citations: Look mostly solid. Links work to most, number 3,26, and 31 aren’t working. 28 and 29 aren’t particularly reliable.

Workplan: Definitely completed goal and much more than what is on workplan.

Media: I think these are good. Somewhat repetitive between 1st image and 4th image, but show a clear picture of what is happening.

Structure/Content: Good flow, no run-on sentences. Could add who performs these procedures and talk about age. Additionally, you speak about it more in certain categories and mention that it is for atherosclerotic disease, but you could mention the symptoms that it helps. For example you mention for PAD and could talk about relieving some claudication, or CAD and SOB/CP. Really clear on complications which I think most people viewing the page would be looking at.

Neutrality: Looks neutral

Again, well done. I can tell a lot of effort was put into editing it.

ErBec (talk) 21:15, 28 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Angioplasty


text:
Oregon Trail (disambiguation)

The Oregon Trail was a historic migration route across the western United States.

Oregon Trail may also refer to:

Films

 * The Oregon Trail (1923 serial)
 * The Old Oregon Trail (film), a 1928 American western directed by Victor Adamson (as Denver Dixon)
 * The Oregon Trail (1936 film), starring John Wayne
 * The Oregon Trail (1939 serial)
 * Oregon Trail (film), a 1945 Sunset Carson Western
 * The Oregon Trail (1959 film), starring Fred MacMurray

Games

 * The Oregon Trail (series), a series of educational computer games
 * The Oregon Trail (1971 video game), a text-based strategy video game
 * The Oregon Trail (1985 video game), an educational computer game by MECC based on the 1971 video game
 * The Oregon Trail (2009 video game), the 2009 iOS and DSiware version of the 1985 video game
 * The Oregon Trail (2011 video game), the 2011 version of the 1985 video game
 * The Oregon Trail (card game), by Pressman Toy Corporation, based on the video game of the same name
 * Oregon Trail (board game), 1981

Television

 * The Oregon Trail (TV series), 1977
 * "The Oregon Trail", an episode from the eleventh season of the ABC News program What Would You Do?
 * ’Oregon Trail’, an episode of the third season of the animated series Teen Titans Go!
 * Miracle Workers: Oregon Trail, the third season of the 2019 series Miracle Workers

Other

 * The Oregon Trail, a 2015 play by Bekah Brunstetter
 * The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life (1849), an influential history by Francis Parkman

Other uses

 * Oregon Trail Council, a unit of the Boy Scouts of America
 * Oregon Trail Junior High School, a school in Kansas
 * Oregon Trail Generation, a neologism for those born during GenerationX/Millennial cusp years

title: Oregon Trail (disambiguation)