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List of birds of Japan

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Japan. The avifauna of Japan include a total of 728 species, of which 19 are endemic, and 30 have been introduced by humans.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.

The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and non-endemic residents.

 * (A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Japan (also called a vagrant)
 * (E) Endemic – a species endemic to Japan
 * (I) Introduced – a species introduced to Japan as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

 * Lesser whistling duck, Dendrocygna javanica
 * Bar-headed goose, Anser indicus (A)
 * Emperor goose, Anser canagicus (A)
 * Snow goose, Anser caerulescens (A)
 * Greylag goose, Anser anser (A)
 * Swan goose, Anser cygnoides (A)
 * Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
 * Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus (A)
 * Taiga bean-goose, Anser fabalis
 * Tundra bean-goose, Anser serrirostris
 * Brant, Branta bernicla
 * Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
 * Canada goose, Branta canadensis (A)
 * Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis (A)
 * Mute swan, Cygnus olor (I)
 * Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator (A)
 * Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
 * Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
 * Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea (A)
 * Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
 * Crested shelduck, Tadorna cristata
 * Cotton pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus (A)
 * Mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
 * Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa
 * Garganey, Spatula querquedula
 * Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors (A)
 * Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
 * Gadwall, Mareca strepera
 * Falcated duck, Mareca falcata
 * Eurasian wigeon, Marecca penelope
 * American wigeon, Mareca americana (A)
 * Philippine duck, Anas luzonica (A)
 * Eastern spot-billed duck, Anas zonorhyncha
 * Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
 * Northern pintail, Anas acuta
 * Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
 * Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina (A)
 * Canvasback, Aythya valisineria (A)
 * Redhead, Aythya americana (A)
 * Common pochard, Aythya ferina
 * Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris (A)
 * Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca (A)
 * Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri
 * Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
 * Greater scaup, Aythya marila
 * Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis (A)
 * Steller's eider, Polysticta stelleri
 * King eider, Somateria spectabilis (A)
 * Common eider, Somateria mollissima (A)
 * Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
 * Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata (A)
 * White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi (A)
 * Stejneger's scoter, Melanitta stejnegeri
 * Black scoter, Melanitta americana
 * Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
 * Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola (A)
 * Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
 * Smew, Mergellus albellus
 * Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus (A)
 * Common merganser, Mergus merganser
 * Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
 * Scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus (A)

Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

 * Hazel grouse, Tetrastes bonasia
 * Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta
 * Copper pheasant, Phasianus soemmerringi (E)
 * Green pheasant, Phasianus versicolor (E)
 * Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus (I)
 * Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
 * Chinese bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola thoracicus (I)
 * Taiwan bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola sonorivox (I)

Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

 * Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
 * Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
 * Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
 * Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
 * Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

 * Rock dove, Columba livia (I)
 * Stock dove, Columba oenas (A)
 * Japanese wood-pigeon, Columba janthina
 * Ryūkyū pigeon, Columba jouyi (E) (extinct)
 * Bonin pigeon, Columba versicolor (E) (extinct)
 * Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
 * Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocta
 * Red collared-dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica (A)
 * Asian emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica
 * White-bellied green-pigeon, Treron sieboldii
 * Whistling green-pigeon, Treron formosae
 * Black-chinned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri (A)

Sandgrouse
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

 * Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)

Bustards
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

 * Great bustard, Otis tarda (A)
 * Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax (A)

Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

 * Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis (A)
 * Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus (A)
 * Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus (A)
 * Long-tailed koel, Urodynamis taitensis (A)
 * Plaintive cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus (A)
 * Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides (A)
 * Northern hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx hyperythrus
 * Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
 * Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus (A)
 * Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
 * Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus

Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

 * Gray nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka

Swifts
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

 * White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
 * Himalayan swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris (A)
 * Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
 * House swift, Apus nipalensis

Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

 * Brown-cheeked rail, Rallus indicus
 * Corn crake, Crex crex (A)
 * Slaty-breasted rail, Lewinia striata (A)
 * Okinawa rail, Gallirallus okinawae (E)
 * Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
 * Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
 * Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
 * White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus (Ex)
 * Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
 * White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
 * Slaty-legged crake, Rallina eurizonoides
 * Ruddy-breasted crake, Zapornia fusca
 * Band-bellied crake, Zapornia paykullii (A)
 * Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla (A)
 * Swinhoe's rail, Coturnicops exquisitus (A)

Cranes
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

 * Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo (A)
 * Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A)
 * Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (A)
 * White-naped crane, Antigone vipio
 * Common crane, Grus grus
 * Hooded crane, Grus monacha
 * Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis

Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

 * Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
 * Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus (A)
 * Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta (A)

Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

 * Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

 * Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
 * European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (A)
 * American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
 * Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
 * Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
 * Gray-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
 * Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
 * Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultti
 * Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
 * Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
 * Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus (A)
 * Long-billed plover, Charadrius placidus
 * Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
 * Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus (A)
 * Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus (A)

Painted-snipes
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.

 * Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

Jacanas
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

 * Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus (A)

Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

 * Bristle-thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis (A)
 * Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
 * Little curlew, Numenius minutus (A)
 * Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
 * Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (A)
 * Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
 * Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
 * Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
 * Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica (A)
 * Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
 * Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
 * Red knot, Calidris canutus
 * Ruff, Calidris pugnax
 * Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
 * Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
 * Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus (A)
 * Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
 * Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
 * Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
 * Spoon-billed sandpiper, Calidris pygmea (A)
 * Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
 * Sanderling, Calidris alba
 * Dunlin, Calidris alpina
 * Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis
 * Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
 * Little stint, Calidris minuta (A)
 * Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (A)
 * White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
 * Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (A)
 * Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
 * Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (A)
 * Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus (A)
 * Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus (A)
 * Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
 * Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (A)
 * Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
 * Amami woodcock, Scolopax mira (E)
 * Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria
 * Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
 * Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
 * Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura
 * Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
 * Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
 * Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor (A)
 * Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
 * Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
 * Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
 * Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius (A)
 * Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
 * Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
 * Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (A)
 * Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
 * Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca (A)
 * Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
 * Nordmann's greenshank, Tringa guttifer (A)
 * Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
 * Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
 * Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
 * Common redshank, Tringa totanus

Buttonquails
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

 * Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator

Pratincoles and coursers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

 * Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum

Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

 * South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
 * Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
 * Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
 * Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

Auks, murres, and puffins
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

 * Dovekie, Alle alle (A)
 * Common murre, Uria aalge
 * Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia
 * Razorbill, Alca torda (A)
 * Pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba
 * Spectacled guillemot, Cepphus carbo
 * Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix
 * Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus
 * Japanese murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume
 * Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula
 * Least auklet, Aethia pusilla
 * Whiskered auklet, Aethia pygmaea (A)
 * Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella
 * Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata
 * Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata (A)
 * Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata

Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

 * Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
 * Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris (A)
 * Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea (A)
 * Sabine's gull, Xema sabini (A)
 * Saunders's gull, Saundersilarus saundersi
 * Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei (A)
 * Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia (A)
 * Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (A)
 * Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
 * Brown-headed gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (A)
 * Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
 * Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea (A)
 * Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
 * Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
 * Relict gull, Ichthyaetus relictus (A)
 * Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (A)
 * Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris
 * Common gull, Larus canus
 * Short-billed gull, Larus brachyrhynchus (A)
 * Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
 * Herring gull, Larus argentatus
 * Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans (A)
 * Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (A)
 * Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
 * Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus
 * Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens
 * Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus
 * Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
 * Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
 * Blue-gray noddy, Anous ceruleus (A)
 * White tern, Gygis alba (A)
 * Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
 * Gray-backed tern, Onychoprion lunatus (A)
 * Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
 * Aleutian tern, Onychoprion aleuticus (A)
 * Little tern, Sternula albifrons
 * Least tern, Sternula antillarum (A)
 * Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
 * Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
 * Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
 * White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
 * Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
 * Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
 * Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
 * Common tern, Sterna hirundo
 * Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (A)
 * Greater crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
 * Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis (A)
 * Chinese crested tern, Thalasseus bernsteini (A)

Tropicbirds
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

 * White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)
 * Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda

Loons
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

 * Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
 * Arctic loon, Gavia arctica
 * Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
 * Common loon, Gavia immer (A)
 * Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii

Albatrosses
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

 * Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
 * Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes
 * Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus

Southern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

 * Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)

Northern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

 * Fork-tailed storm-petrel, Hydrobates furcatus
 * Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
 * Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Hydrobates monorhis
 * Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro
 * Matsudaira's storm-petrel, Hydrobates matsudairae
 * Tristram's storm-petrel, Hydrobates tristrami

Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

 * Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
 * Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta (A)
 * Murphy's petrel, Pterodroma ultima (A)
 * Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri (A)
 * Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (A)
 * Juan Fernández petrel, Pterodroma externa (A)
 * Hawaiian petrel, Pterodroma sandwichensis (A)
 * White-necked petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis (A)
 * Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca
 * Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis (A)
 * Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris (A)
 * Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii
 * Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata (A)
 * Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
 * Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (A)
 * Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
 * Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
 * Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri (A)
 * Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea
 * Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
 * Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis (A)
 * Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (A)
 * Bannerman's shearwater, Puffinus bannermani
 * Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli (A)
 * Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani
 * Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni

Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

 * Black stork, Ciconia nigra (A)
 * Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana

Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

 * Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
 * Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)

Boobies and gannets
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

 * Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
 * Nazca booby, Sula granti (A)
 * Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
 * Red-footed booby, Sula sula

Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colorful.

 * Red-faced cormorant, Urile urile
 * Pelagic cormorant, Urile pelagicus
 * Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
 * Japanese cormorant, Phalacrocorax capillatus

Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

 * Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
 * Spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis (A)
 * Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus (A)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

 * Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
 * Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
 * Schrenk's bittern, Ixobrychus eurythmus
 * Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
 * Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis (A)
 * Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
 * Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
 * Great egret, Ardea alba
 * Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
 * Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes
 * Little egret, Egretta garzetta
 * Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra
 * Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
 * Indian pond-heron, Ardeola grayii (A)
 * Chinese pond-heron, Ardeola bacchus
 * Javan pond-heron, Ardeola speciosa (A)
 * Striated heron, Butorides striata
 * Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
 * Nankeen night-heron, Nycticorax caledonicus (extirpated)
 * Japanese night-heron, Gorsachius goisagi
 * Malayan night heron, Gorsachius melanolophus

Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

 * Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
 * Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus (A)
 * Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon (reintroduced)
 * Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
 * Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor

Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

 * Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

 * Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus (A)
 * Oriental honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
 * Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus (A)
 * Crested serpent-eagle, Spilornis cheela
 * Mountain hawk-eagle, Nisaetus nipalensis
 * Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga (A)
 * Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca (A)
 * Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos (A)
 * Gray-faced buzzard, Butastur indicus
 * Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus (A)
 * Eastern marsh-harrier, Circus spilonotus
 * Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
 * Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius (A)
 * Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus (A)
 * Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos (A)
 * Chinese sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis
 * Japanese sparrowhawk, Accipiter gularis
 * Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
 * Eurasian goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
 * Black kite, Milvus migrans
 * Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus (A)
 * Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (A)
 * White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
 * Steller's sea-eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus
 * Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
 * Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus
 * Upland buzzard, Buteo hemilasius (A)

Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

 * Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris (A)

Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

 * Collared scops-owl, Otus lettia (A)
 * Japanese scops-owl, Otus semitorques
 * Ryūkyū scops-owl, Otus elegans
 * Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia
 * Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo (A)
 * Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (A)
 * Blakiston's fish-owl, Ketupa blakistoni
 * Ural owl, Strix uralensis
 * Long-eared owl, Asio otus
 * Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
 * Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
 * Northern boobook, Ninox japonica

Hoopoes
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a long crest on their head, the plumage of which sweeps backward at rest but can be flexed to an erect position.

 * Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

 * Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
 * Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca (A)
 * Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda
 * White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (A)
 * Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata (A)
 * Guam kingfisher, Todirhamphus cinnamominus (extirpated)
 * Ryukyu kingfisher, Todiramphus cinnamominus miyakoensis (extinct)
 * Collared kingfisher, Todirhamphus chloris (A)
 * Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris

Bee-eaters
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

 * Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus (A)
 * Rainbow bee-eater, Merops ornatus (A)

Rollers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

 * Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

 * Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
 * Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus (A)
 * Japanese pygmy woodpecker, Yungipicus kizuki
 * Rufous-bellied woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus (A)
 * Okinawa woodpecker, Dendrocopos noguchii (E)
 * White-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
 * Amami woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos owstoni (E)
 * Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
 * Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dryobates minor
 * Japanese woodpecker, Picus awokera (E)
 * Gray-headed woodpecker, Picus canus
 * White-bellied woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis (A)
 * Black woodpecker, Dryocopus martius

Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

 * Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni (A)
 * Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
 * Amur falcon, Falco amurensis (A)
 * Merlin, Falco columbarius
 * Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
 * Saker falcon, Falco cherrug (A)
 * Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
 * Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

Old World parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm to 1 m in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

 * Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (I)
 * Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
 * Red-breasted Parakeet, Psittacula alexandri (I)
 * Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (I)

Pittas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, but not all, are brightly colored. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.

 * Fairy pitta, Pitta nympha
 * Hooded pitta, Pitta sordida (A)

Cuckooshrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored.

 * Ryūkyū minivet, Pericrocotus tegimae (E)
 * Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
 * Black-winged cuckooshrike, Lalage melaschistos (A)

Old World orioles
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colorful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

 * Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis

Woodswallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-colored passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.

 * White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorhynchus (A)

Drongos
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

 * Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (A)
 * Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus (A)
 * Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus (A)

Monarch flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.

 * Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea (A)
 * Japanese paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata

Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

 * Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus
 * Bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus
 * Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
 * Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
 * Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
 * Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach (A)
 * Northern shrike, Lanius borealis
 * Chinese gray shrike, Lanius sphenocercus (A)

Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

 * Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius
 * Lidth's jay, Garrulus lidthi (E)
 * Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyana
 * Oriental magpie, Pica serica
 * Eurasian nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
 * Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula (A)
 * Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus
 * Rook, Corvus frugilegus
 * Carrion crow, Corvus corone
 * Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
 * Common raven, Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

 * Coal tit, Periparus ater
 * Yellow-bellied tit, Periparus venustulus (A)
 * Iriomote tit, Sittiparus olivaceus (E)
 * Varied tit, Sittiparus varius
 * Owston's tit, Sittiparus owstoni (E)
 * Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
 * Willow tit, Poecile montanus
 * Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus (A)
 * Japanese tit, Parus minor

Penduline-tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

 * Chinese penduline-tit, Remiz consobrinus

Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

 * Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris (A)
 * Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla (A)
 * Mongolian short-toed lark, Calandrella dukhunensis (A)
 * Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
 * Mongolian lark, Melanocorypha mongolica (A)
 * Asian short-toed lark, Alaudala cheleensis (A)
 * Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
 * Japanese skylark, Alauda arvensis japonica (E)

Bearded reedling
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae

A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.

 * Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus (A)

Cisticolas and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

 * Plain prinia, Prinia inornata (A)
 * Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis

Reed warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

 * Thick-billed warbler, Arundinax aedon (A)
 * Booted warbler, Iduna caligata (A)
 * Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina (A)
 * Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
 * Streaked reed warbler, Acrocephalus sorghophilus (A)
 * Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (A)
 * Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (A)
 * Manchurian reed warbler, Acrocephalus tangorum (A)
 * Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
 * Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis

Grassbirds and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

 * Sakhalin grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes amnicola
 * Marsh grassbird, Helopsaltes pryeri
 * Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes certhiola (A)
 * Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes ochotensis
 * Pleske's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes pleskei
 * Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata

Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

 * Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)
 * Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis (A)
 * Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
 * Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
 * Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica
 * Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
 * Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum (A)
 * Asian house-martin, Delichon dasypus

Bulbuls
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

 * Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (I)
 * Light-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis
 * Brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis

Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

 * Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A)
 * Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
 * Chinese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus yunnanensis (A)
 * Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
 * Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
 * Tickell's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus affinis (A)
 * Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
 * Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (A)
 * Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (A)
 * Eastern crowned warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
 * Ijima's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae
 * Two-barred warbler, Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus (A)
 * Pale-legged leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes (A)
 * Sakhalin leaf warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides
 * Japanese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus xanthodryas
 * Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
 * Kamchatka leaf warbler, Phylloscopus examinandus
 * Sulphur-breasted warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti (A)
 * Claudia's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus claudiae (A)

Bush warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.

 * Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
 * Japanese bush warbler, Horornis diphone
 * Manchurian bush warbler, Horornis borealis (A)

Long-tailed tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

 * Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

 * Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca (A)
 * Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis (A)

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

 * Bonin white-eye, Apalopteron familiare (E)
 * Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus (A)
 * Warbling white-eye, Zosterops japonicus

Laughingthrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

 * Red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea (I)
 * Chinese hwamei, Garrulax canorus (I)
 * Moustached laughingthrush, Ianthocincla cineracea (I)

Kinglets
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

 * Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula (A)
 * Goldcrest, Regulus regulus

Nuthatches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

 * Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea

Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

 * Eurasian treecreeper, Certhia familiaris

Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

 * Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes

Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

 * Brown dipper, Cinclus pallasii

Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

 * Asian glossy starling, Aplonis panayensis (A)
 * European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
 * Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
 * Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus (A)
 * Chestnut-cheeked starling, Agropsar philippensis
 * Siamese pied starling, Gracupica floweri; (I)
 * White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis
 * Red-billed starling, Spodiopsar sericeus (A)
 * White-cheeked starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus
 * Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
 * Bank myna, Acridotheres ginginianus (I)
 * Javan myna, Acridotheres javanicus (A)
 * Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)

Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

 * White's thrush, Zoothera aurea
 * Scaly thrush, Zoothera dauma
 * Amami thrush, Zoothera major (E)
 * Bonin thrush, Zoothera terrestris (E) extinct
 * Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus (A)
 * Siberian thrush, Geokichla sibirica
 * Chinese thrush, Turdus mupinensis (A)
 * Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus (A)
 * Song thrush, Turdus philomelos (A)
 * Redwing, Turdus iliacus (A)
 * Chinese blackbird, Turdus mandarinus (A)
 * American robin, Turdus migratorius (A)
 * Japanese thrush, Turdus cardis
 * Gray-backed thrush, Turdus hortulorum (A)
 * Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus
 * Brown-headed thrush, Turdus chrysolaus
 * Izu thrush, Turdus celaenops (E)
 * Pale thrush, Turdus pallidus
 * Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (A)
 * Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis (A)
 * Red-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis (A)
 * Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus
 * Naumann's thrush, Turdus naumanni (A)

Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

 * Gray-streaked flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta
 * Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
 * Ferruginous flycatcher, Muscicapa ferruginea (A)
 * Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
 * Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (A)
 * Fujian niltava, Niltava davidi (A)
 * Vivid niltava, Niltava vivida (A)
 * Blue-and-white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana
 * Zappey's flycatcher, Cyanoptila cumatilis (A)
 * Verditer flycatcher, Eumyias thalassinus (A)
 * European robin, Erithacus rubecula (A)
 * Rufous-tailed robin, Larvivora sibilans
 * Japanese robin, Larvivora akahige
 * Izu robin, Larvivora tanensis (E)
 * Ryūkyū robin, Larvivora komadori (E)
 * Okinawa robin, Larvivora namiyei (E)
 * Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane
 * Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica (A)
 * Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope
 * Himalayan rubythroat, Calliope pectoralis (A)
 * Chinese rubythroat, Calliope tschebaiewi (A)
 * White-tailed robin, Myiomela leucura (A)
 * Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus
 * Yellow-rumped flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia
 * Green-backed flycatcher, Ficedula elisae (A)
 * Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina
 * Ryukyu flycatcher, Ficedula owstoni
 * Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
 * Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (A)
 * Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva (A)
 * European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca (A)
 * Blue-fronted redstart, Phoenicurus frontalis (A)
 * Plumbeous redstart, Phoenicurus fuliginosus (A)
 * Rufous-backed redstart, Phoenicurus erythronotus (A)
 * Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (A)
 * Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros (A)
 * Daurian redstart, Phoenicurus auroreus
 * White-throated rock-thrush, Monticola gularis (A)
 * Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
 * Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra (A)
 * Amur stonechat, Saxicola stejnegeri
 * Pied bushchat, Saxicola caprata (A)
 * Gray bushchat, Saxicola ferreus (A)
 * Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
 * Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina (A)
 * Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti (A)
 * Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe melanoleuca (A)
 * Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka (A)

Waxwings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.

 * Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
 * Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica

Weavers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially.

 * Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius (I)
 * Northern red bishop, Euplectes franciscanus (I)

Waxbills and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

 * Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora (I)
 * Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I)
 * White-rumped munia, Lonchura striata (I)
 * Chestnut munia, Lonchura atricapilla (I)
 * White-headed munia, Lonchura maja (I)
 * Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda (I)
 * Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes (I)
 * Red avadavat, Amandava amandava (I)

Indigobirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae

The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs. All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage.

 * Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura (I)
 * Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea (I)

Accentors
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

 * Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
 * Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (A)
 * Japanese accentor, Prunella rubida

Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

 * House sparrow, Passer domesticus (A)
 * Russet sparrow, Passer cinnamomeus
 * Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus

Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

 * Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus (A)
 * Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
 * Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava (A)
 * Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
 * Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola (A)
 * Japanese wagtail, Motacilla grandis
 * White wagtail, Motacilla alba
 * Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
 * Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii (A)
 * Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis (A)
 * Rosy pipit, Anthus roseatus (A)
 * Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis (A)
 * Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
 * Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi (A)
 * Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
 * Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta (A)
 * American pipit, Anthus spinoletta

Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

 * Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs (A)
 * Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
 * Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
 * Yellow-billed grosbeak, Eophona migratoria
 * Japanese grosbeak, Eophona personata
 * Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (A)
 * Bonin grosbeak, Carpodacus ferreorostris (E) extinct
 * Long-tailed rosefinch, Carpodacus sibiricus
 * Pallas's rosefinch, Carpodacus roseus
 * Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
 * Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
 * Asian rosy-finch, Leucosticte arctoa
 * Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica
 * Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea
 * Hoary redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni (A)
 * Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
 * White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera (A)
 * Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus

Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

 * Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
 * Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

 * Crested bunting, Emberiza lathami (A)
 * Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala (A)
 * Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps (A)
 * Chestnut-eared bunting, Emberiza fucata
 * Meadow bunting, Emberiza cioides
 * Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella (A)
 * Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
 * Gray-necked bunting, Emberiza buchanani (A)
 * Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana (A)
 * Yellow-throated bunting, Emberiza elegans
 * Ochre-rumped bunting, Emberiza yessoensis
 * Pallas's bunting, Emberiza pallasi (A)
 * Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
 * Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola
 * Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla
 * Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica
 * Yellow bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
 * Masked bunting, Emberiza personata
 * Chestnut bunting, Emberiza rutila
 * Yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys
 * Tristram's bunting, Emberiza tristrami
 * Gray bunting, Emberiza variabilis

New World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

 * Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca (A)
 * White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (A)
 * Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (A)
 * Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
 * Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (A)

New World warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

 * Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas (A)
 * Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia (A)
 * Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata (A)
 * Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla (A)

Tanagers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar.

 * Red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata (I)

title: List of birds of Japan


text:
Simple Simon (nursery rhyme)

"Simple Simon" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19777.

Lyrics
The rhyme is as follows;

 * Simple Simon met a pieman,
 * Going to the fair;
 * Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
 * Let me taste your ware.

 * Said the pieman to Simple Simon,
 * Show me first your penny;
 * Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
 * Indeed I have not any.

 * Simple Simon went a-fishing,
 * For to catch a whale;
 * All the water he had got,
 * Was in his mother's pail.

 * Simple Simon went to look
 * If plums grew on a thistle;
 * He pricked his fingers very much,
 * Which made poor Simon whistle.

 * He went for water in a sieve
 * But soon it all fell through
 * And now poor Simple Simon
 * Bids you all adieu!

Origin
The verses used today are the first of a longer chapbook history first published in 1764. The character of Simple Simon may have been in circulation much longer, possibly through an Elizabethan chapbook and in a ballad, Simple Simon's Misfortunes and his Wife Margery's Cruelty, from about 1685. A possible inspiration is Simon Edy, a beggar of the St Giles area in the 18th century.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Simple Simon (nursery rhyme)


text:
User:Fuzheado/Bird ips

138.87.210.4 138.87.215.137 138.87.217.3 138.87.222.38 138.87.231.10 138.87.231.155 163.17.64.123 168.243.73.3 193.170.65.249 194.63.235.139 198.188.134.105 202.153.32.60 202.54.65.65 203.215.73.62 209.210.176.33 209.61.183.232 210.0.186.247 210.215.23.2 211.248.240.211 212.253.2.205 213.170.61.219 217.117.14.167 61.131.62.70 65.107.219.194 66.192.30.141 80.53.1.130 80.53.204.94 80.58.32.235

title: User:Fuzheado/Bird ips


text:
Simple Simon (musical)

Simple Simon is a Broadway musical with book by Guy Bolton, and Ed Wynn, lyrics by Lorenz Hart, music by Richard Rodgers, produced by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., and starring Ed Wynn.

It originally played from February 18, 1930 to June 14, 1930 at the Ziegfeld Theatre, then reopened on March 9, 1931 at the Majestic Theatre.

The play, a loose plot designed to show off Ed Wynn's fumbling, clowning, punning style, cast him as a newspaper vendor who spends his time in a fairy-tale land where bad news does not exist. The song "Ten Cents a Dance" was introduced by Ruth Etting in this show. "Love Me or Leave Me" by Gus Kahn and Walter Donaldson was interpolated into the show about two months after it opened.

"Dancing on the Ceiling", cut during the Broadway previews, was eventually sung by Jessie Matthews in the London production of Ever Green, and became a standard.

The musical numbers written for the show included:
 * "Coney Island"
 * "Don't Tell Your Folks"
 * "Magic Music"
 * "I Still Believe in You"
 * "Send for Me"
 * "Dull and Gay"
 * "Sweetenheart"
 * "Hunting the Fox"
 * "Come On, Men"
 * "Ten Cents a Dance"
 * "Rags and Tatters"
 * "Dancing on the Ceiling" (dropped before the New York opening)
 * "He Was Too Good to Me" (dropped before the New York opening)
 * "Oh, So Lovely" (unused)
 * "Peter Pan"
 * "The Simple Simon Instep" (unused)
 * "Prayers of Tears and Laughter" (dropped before the New York opening)
 * "Hunting Song" (unused)
 * "Come out of the Nursery" (dropped before the pre-Broadway tryout)
 * "Sing Glory Hallelujah" (dropped before the pre-Broadway tryout)

The song "I Can Do Wonders with You", from a previous show, was interpolated.

title: Simple Simon (musical)


text:
Joseph-Alfred Mousseau

Joseph-Alfred Mousseau (July 17, 1837 – March 30, 1886), was a Canadian lawyer and politician, who served in the federal Cabinet and also as the sixth premier of Quebec.

Biography
He was born in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Lower Canada, the son of Louis Mousseau, the son of Alexis Mousseau, and Sophie Duteau, dit Grandpré. Mousseau was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative Member of Parliament in the 1874 election for the riding of Bagot, and was re-elected three times. In 1880, he was elevated to the Cabinet of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald, serving first as president of the Queen's Privy Council of Canada, and then as Secretary of State for Canada.

Exchanging places with Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, Mousseau left federal politics to become the sixth Premier of the province of Quebec from July 31, 1882. He served until his resignation on January 22, 1884, after being appointed as a puisne judge of the Superior Court for the district of Rimouski. He died in Montreal in 1886.

His brother Joseph Octave Mousseau was also a member of the Canadian House of Commons.

Electoral record

 * Conservative
 * Joseph-Alfred Mousseau
 * align="right"| acclaimed

title: Joseph-Alfred Mousseau


text:
Alton Ellis

Alton Nehemiah Ellis (1 September 1938 – 10 October 2008) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter. One of the innovators of rocksteady, he was given the informal title "Godfather of Rocksteady". In 2006, he was inducted into the International Reggae And World Music Awards Hall Of Fame.

Early life
Born Alton Nehemiah Ellis in Trenchtown, Kingston, Jamaica, Ellis was raised within a musical family which included his older brothers Leslie [who performed as one of his back up singers and co-wrote some of his songs], and Irving [known as 'Niney'] who was a popular singer and steel pan player on Jamaica's North Coast. He learned to play the piano at a young age. He attended Ebeneezer and Boys' Town schools, where he excelled in both music and sport. While at Boys' Town Ellis performed as a dancer (in a duo) in the first show that a school director called Mr Bailey had organized for Vere Johns who had been invited down to talent scout. He would later compete on Vere Johns' Opportunity Hour. After winning some competitions, he switched to singing, starting his career in 1959 as part of the duo Alton & Eddy with Eddy Parkins.

Rhythm and blues
Ellis and Parkins recorded for Coxsone Dodd at Studio One, initially in the R&B style, having a hit in 1960 with "Muriel" (from Dodd's first commercially oriented recording session at Federal studios), a song Ellis had written while working as a labourer on a building site. This initial success was followed by the release of "My Heaven", which like "Muriel" was a slow R&B ballad with the instrumental triplets and vocal harmonizing common to the ballads of that period. Further releases in the R&B style followed: "Lullabye Angel", "I Know It All", "I'm Never Gonna Cry" and "Yours". The duo also recorded R&B tracks for Vincent Chin's Randy's label including "Let Me Dream". The duo split after Parkins won a major talent contest and moved to the United States. Ellis remained in Kingston, working as a printer and after losing his job, he restarted his music career, initially forming a new duo with John Holt. When Holt joined The Paragons, Ellis formed a new group, The Flames. Ellis continued to work for Dodd and also recorded for his arch-rival, Duke Reid on his Treasure Isle label. At the start of his career Ellis recorded with his younger sister Hortense; early tracks with Hortense like "Don't Gamble With Love" (1965) were still in the R&B style.

Ska and rocksteady
By the mid-1960s, ska was moving on and the beat was slowing down to rocksteady and becoming associated with the violent rude boy subculture in Jamaican dancehalls. Many artists made records referring to the rude boys, including Ellis, although his records were consistently anti-rudie, including "Don't Trouble People", "Dance Crasher", and "Cry Tough". Releasing records under the name Alton Ellis and The Flames (the varying line-up of which included his brother Leslie Ellis, David "Baby G" Gordon and Winston Jarrett); the group had hits with "Girl I've Got a Date" and "Cry Tough".

"Girl I've Got a Date" recorded with Gladstone Anderson on piano, Paul Douglas on drums, Hux Brown on rhythm guitar, Lynn Taitt on guitar, and Jackie Jackson on bass is considered one of the foundational songs of the rocksteady genre. The bass line of "Girl I've Got a Date" was allegedly duplicated in other international hits "The Liquidator" (Harry J Allstars and "I'll Take You There" (The Staple Singers).

The release of "Rock Steady" (1967) backed by Tommy McCook and the Supersonics, the first song to refer to the name of the new genre, heralded the new direction Jamaican popular music was taking. Ellis continued to have hits for Treasure Isle; working with artists such as Lloyd Charmers, Phyllis Dillon and The Heptones. His Mr Soul of Jamaica album (with Tommy McCook and the Supersonics) is regarded as one of the definitive rocksteady albums.

Ellis toured the United Kingdom in the 1967 with Ken Boothe and Studio One session band the Soul Vendors and on his return to Jamaica he worked with Dodd, recording the tracks that would be released as his debut album Alton Ellis Sings Rock & Soul. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Ellis recorded for some of Jamaica's top producers including Bunny Lee, Keith Hudson, and Herman Chin Loy. He also began to produce his own records, including "My Time Is The Right Time" (1968) and "The Message". He had two hits with Lloyd Daley in "Deliver Us" (1970) and "Back to Africa" (1971), both released in the UK on the Gas record label, a subsidiary of Pama Records.

Ellis regularly returned to England, working with several London-based producers and after spending a few years in Canada, from 1972 he based himself permanently in the UK. Ellis continued to record and perform regularly, recording in the early 1980s for emerging producers including Henry "Junjo" Lawes, Sugar Minott, and King Jammy. He also opened up the All-Tone record shop in South London, and started a record label of the same name.

Ellis continued to be active on the reggae scene until his health began to deteriorate. His latest works include performing all over Europe with a French backing-band called ASPO (About Some Precioux Oldies) at the beginning of the 21st century. Recorded in Bordeaux, France, Live with Aspo: Workin' on a Groovy Thing is the only live album Alton Ellis ever released (2001).

In 2004, Ellis was awarded the Order of Distinction by the Jamaican government in recognition of his achievements.

In December 2007, he was admitted to hospital in London for treatment of cancer of the lymph glands (Hodgkins disease), but he returned to live performance after receiving chemotherapy.

Ellis died of cancer on 10 October 2008 at Hammersmith Hospital, London. His death prompted a statement from Jamaica's Minister of Information, Culture, Youth and Sports, Olivia "Babsy" Grange, who said "even as we mourn the great Alton Ellis, we must give thanks for his monumental contribution to the development of Jamaica's popular music". A funeral service and celebration of his life was held on 3 November, attended by family, fans, music industry personnel and government ministers, with tribute performances from stars including Mr. Fix It Winston Francis, Tinga Stewart, George Nooks, Tony Gregory, Ken Boothe, Judy Mowatt and Carlene Davis.

In 2012 it was announced that the main hall of the new Trench Town Multi-Purpose Building would be named the Alton Ellis Auditorium in his honour.

He was the older brother of the late Hortense Ellis, and the father of more than twenty children, including Noel Ellis and Christopher Ellis, who are both reggae singers. He was also the uncle of the Jamaican comedians Owen "Blakka" Ellis and Ian "Ity" Ellis.

Legacy
The "Mad Mad" riddim (the track "Mad Mad" by Alton Ellis and the Sound Dimension band was released in 1968 on the Coxsone label) has been reused or sampled by many hip-hop, dancehall and reggae producers and artists. The recognizable three-note descending horn line was reinterpreted by Henry "Junjo" Lawes, and eventually became known as the "Diseases" reggae riddim. "Diseases" is notably used in Yellowman's hit song "Zungguzungguguzungguzeng", which has in turn has been sampled and reinterpreted by a long list of popular hip-hop artists, including KRS-One, The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur, Sublime, and Blackstar. This constant reinterpretation and referencing has made Ellis a major but little-known influence in the trajectory of dancehall, reggae and hip hop.

Albums

 * Sings Rock and Soul (Studio One, 1967)
 * The Best Of (Coxsone, 1969)
 * Sunday Coming (Coxsone, 1970)
 * Greatest Hits (Count Shelly, 1973)
 * Mr Soul of Jamaica (Treasure Isle, 1974)
 * Still in Love (Horse, 1977)
 * Love to Share (Third World, 1979)
 * Showcase (Studio One, 1984)
 * Slummin' (Abraham, 198?)
 * A New Day (Body Music, 1983)
 * Daydreaming (Silver Camel, 1983)
 * 25th Silver Jubilee (Sky Note, 1984)
 * Continuation (All Tone, 1985)
 * Jubilee Volume 2 (Sky Note, 1985)
 * Here I Am (Angella, 1988)
 * Family Vibes (All Tone, 1992)
 * Cry Tough (Reissue of Greatest Hits (1973) with extras on Heartbeat, 1993)
 * Man From Studio One (All Tone, 1994)
 * Change My Mind (Orchard, 2000)
 * More Alton Ellis (T.P., 2001)
 * Live with Aspo: Workin' on a Groovy Thing (Belleville International/Patate Records, 2001)
 * Reggae Chronicles (Pickwick, Hallmark, 2006)

 * With the Heptones:
 * Mr Ska Bean'a (Cha Cha, 1981)
 * Alton Ellis Sings, Heptones Harmonise (1978–80) (Jet Star, 19??)

 * With Wayne McGhie:
 * Wayne McGhie and the Sounds of Joy (Birchmount, Canada, 1970)

 * With Hortense Ellis:
 * Alton & Hortense Ellis at Studio 1 (Heartbeat, 1990)

Compilations

 * All My Tears (1965–68) (Brook, 2006)
 * Arise Black Man (1968–78) (Moll Selekta, 19??)
 * Be True to Yourself (1965–73) (Trojan 2004)
 * Get Ready for Rock Reggae Steady (1967–74) (Jamaican Gold, 1999)
 * Many Moods of Alton Ellis (1978–80) (Tele-Tech, 1980)
 * My Time Is the Right Time (1966–71) (Westside, 2000)
 * Reggae Valley of Decision (197X) (House of Reggae, 1996)
 * Soul Groover (Trojan, 1997)
 * Reggae Max (Jet Star, 1997)
 * The Duke Reid Collection (Rhino, 1999)
 * Soul of Jamaica (Bianco, 2001)
 * Studio One Soul (?Reissue, 2001)
 * It Hurts Me So (Essential Gold, 2006)
 * Reggae Chronicles (Hallmark, 2006)
 * Muriel (All Tone, 2007)
 * Story of Mister Soul (Jahslams, 2009)

title: Alton Ellis


text:
National redoubt

A national redoubt or national fortress is an area to which the (remnant) military forces of a nation can be withdrawn if the main battle has been lost or even earlier if defeat is considered inevitable. Typically, a region is chosen with a geography favouring defence, such as a mountainous area or a peninsula, to function as a final holdout to preserve national independence and host an effective resistance movement for the duration of the conflict.

Belgium
From the middle of the 19th century until 1914 the fortress city of Antwerp was the official National Redoubt of Antwerp in Belgium.

Fortress Antwerp was a defensive belt of fortifications built in two rings to defend Antwerp. Antwerp was designated to be a national redoubt (Réduit national or De versterkte stelling Antwerpen) in case Belgium was attacked. It was built in the period 1859–1914. In total it encompasses a belt of fortifications of 95 km. During the 1914 Siege of Antwerp it held out for 12 days.

France
In 1940 Brittany was briefly considered a national redoubt in the last stages of the Battle of France, but proved impractical.

Netherlands

Until 1920, the "Fortress Amsterdam" was the national redoubt of the Netherlands. Between 1920 and 1940, Fortress Amsterdam was extended to Fortress Holland, to include a larger part of the country's heartland. In both cases, neither "redoubt" proved defensible even though the Dutch Water Line, a precursor in the Netherlands, managed to stop the advances of the French troops in the Rampjaar 1672, providing the Dutch with the needed time to gain the upper hand.

Portugal
From the early 19th century to World War II, Lisbon was considered the national redoubt of Portugal. Besides being the capital, the largest city and the major port of the country, Lisbon was considered the last defensible redoubt in case of an invasion of Portugal by a major power. During this period, successive systems of defense were implemented.

The first major defense system of Lisbon was built during the Peninsular War, as the Lines of Torres Vedras. These consisted in two lines of fortifications that protected the region of Lisbon (with a third line around the coastal fortress of São Julião da Barra). The Lines of Torres Vedras were able to block Masséna's 1810 offensive.

Another major defense system was implemented in the late 19th century as the Lisbon Entrenched Camp. This was a modern (for its day) system of fortifications, aimed to protect the Portuguese capital against an attack coming from land or from the sea. Its land component sector consisted in several modern forts, connected by protected roads and telegraph lines. Its sea front defense consisted in coastal artillery batteries, complemented by naval dedicated assets, including a coastal battleship, torpedo boats, submarines and naval mines.

The last major system of defense of Lisbon was implemented during World War II. It included a system of anti-aircraft, ground, coastal and maritime defenses. Parts of this system, namely its fortified coastal defense batteries remained partially active until the late 1990s.

Germany
The Alpine Fortress (Alpenfestung) was the World War II national redoubt planned by Heinrich Himmler in November/December 1943 for Germany's government and armed forces to retreat to an area from "southern Bavaria across western Austria to northern Italy". The plan was never fully endorsed by Hitler and no serious attempt was made to put the plan into operation. It did, however, serve as an effective propaganda tool and ruse of war in the closing months of the conflict, with considerable Allied resources diverted southwards towards the capture of the purported redoubt which ultimately turned out to be a phantom.

Italy
The Valtellina Redoubt (Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano, Republican Alpine Redoubt, or RAR) was intended to be a stronghold in the Valtellina, a valley in the Italian Alps, where the Italian fascist regime would make its last stand at the end of World War II. Because of a lack of planning and preparatory work, it was never used.

Switzerland

Swiss National Redoubt (Schweizer Alpenfestung or Réduit suisse) was a defensive plan developed by the Swiss government during World War II to respond to a possible German invasion, which had been planned but was never carried out.

The plan was in three stages: first, to hold an invading army on the border; second, if that failed, to launch a delaying war that would allow the bulk of Swiss forces to withdraw to a defensible perimeter in the Swiss Alps; and third, to defend that mountain stronghold.

Austria
During the Cold War, Austria developed a similar plan called Raumverteidigung (area defence). The plan was primarily directed against Hungary and Czechoslovakia (and later the entire Warsaw Pact) but it also included plans against an attack by NATO forces. The Austrian Armed Forces would retreat into key zones situated in the alpine region and defend it. They would also employ guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and delay the enemy advance in the area's security zones.

China

During the Second Sino-Japanese War in World War II, the city of Kunming was prepared as a national redoubt in case the temporary capital, Chongqing, fell. An elaborate system of caves to serve as offices, barracks and factories was prepared but never used.

Kunming was again slated to serve in this role in the renewed Chinese Civil War, but the Nationalist garrison changed sides and joined the Communists. Instead, Taiwan became the last redoubt and home of the Nationalist government, a role which continues to this day.

Japan
Towards the end of World War II, the Matsushiro Underground Imperial Headquarters were built in Nagano Prefecture. They were intended as a base from which the Japanese government could operate in case of an Allied invasion of the home islands. The base was partly completed by the time of Japan's surrender.

Mandate of Palestine
As German Afrika Korps forces proceeded eastward towards Egypt in the North African campaign of World War II, the Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine considered retreating into fortified positions at Haifa and the Mount Carmel region, were the German advance to reach them. The Palestine Post Occupation Scheme was a short-lived 1942 collaboration between the Jewish underground Palmach and the British Special Operations Executive, with training for the plan centered at the kibbutz Mishmar HaEmek, and Moshe Dayan to be put in charge of managing a clandestine radio network.

In Jewish underground circles, the plan was also variously called the "Plan for the North", "Masada on the Carmel", "Haifa-Tobruk", "Haifa-Masada-Musa-Dagh", or "Haifa Stronghold". The planners on the Palmach side were Yohanan Ratner and Yitzhak Sadeh. David Shaltiel (commander in Haifa at the time) and Yitzhak Gruenbaum were vocal supporters of a Masada-like stand, while Yigal Allon and others were skeptical of its usefulness. The evacuation of women and children to Cyprus was also considered.

The decisive British victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein soon afterward rendered the plan moot.

Poland
During the 1930s, assuming that Poland would be attacked only by Germany, the Polish forces were to make the last stand in the area of the Romanian Bridgehead. After the Battle of Bzura was over and even after the Soviet invasion of Poland, many Polish divisions kept on heading towards the Romanian Bridgehead. Beck's proposal to establish Lviv (Lwów) as the temporary capital of Poland, in the case of German attack, was rejected; possibly because Lviv was west of the Romanian Bridgehead.

Sweden
Karlsborg Fortress was conceived in 19th century Sweden to host the monarchy, government, parliament and gold reserves in time of war. Karlsborg was selected as Sweden's eastern coast and Stockholm became rather exposed after Sweden's loss of Finland in 1809.

Yugoslavia
According to the "Total National Resistance" defense doctrine of Yugoslavia, a rugged highland area focused on central Bosnia (roughly, the Lašva Valley) was to function as a redoubt to which the Yugoslav People's Army would retreat in case of a Soviet or NATO invasion. Defense of the rest of the country was to be left to the guerrilla-warfare efforts of the Territorial Defense Forces. A network of industrial zones and fortified bases was developed in anticipation, including factories in boom cities like Zenica and an underground air force base at Željava and a command bunker complex intended for the use by Marshal Josip Broz Tito and the rest of the Yugoslav leadership.

title: National redoubt


text:
John Jones Ross

John Jones Ross (August 16, 1831 – May 4, 1901) was a Canadian politician. Ross served as the seventh premier of Quebec and later as a member of the Senate of Canada.

Personal life
Ross was born in Quebec City, Canada. He was the son of a Scots-Quebecer merchant, George McIntosh Ross, and his French-Canadian wife Sophie-Éloïse Gouin.

Province of Canada Assembly
Ross belonged to the Parti bleu and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for the district of Champlain in 1861. He was re-elected in 1863 and served until 1867.

Provincial politics
Ross was elected to the newly established Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the district of Champlain in 1867, but resigned only a few months later to become a Conservative Member of the Legislative Council of Quebec for Shawinigan. From 1873 to 1874, 1876 to 1878 and 1879 to 1882, Ross served as Speaker of the Legislative Council, of whom he remained a member until his death in 1901.

He was Minister without Portfolio from 1876 to 1878 and from 1879 to 1881, as well as the seventh Premier of Quebec from January 23, 1884, to January 25, 1887,

Federal politics
Ross successfully ran as a Conservative candidate for the district of Champlain in the 1867 and 1872 federal elections, but did not run for re-election in 1874.

He was appointed to the Senate of Canada for the Division of La Durantaye in 1887 and served as Speaker of that institution from 1891 to 1896.

Ross also was Minister without Portfolio in the federal Cabinet for a couple of months in 1896.

Elections as party leader
He lost the 1886 provincial election as Leader of the Conservative Party of Quebec but remained in power in a minority government until he resigned on January 25, 1887. He died in 1901 in Quebec City.

title: John Jones Ross


text:
Gordon Macdonald, 1st Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor

Gordon Macdonald, 1st Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor (27 May 1888 – 20 January 1966) was a British Labour Party politician and Newfoundland's final British governor as well as the last chairman of the Commission of Government serving from 1946 until the colony joined Confederation in 1949 and became a province of Canada.

Early life
Macdonald was born in Gwaenysgor, near Prestatyn, Flintshire, Wales. His birth was registered (as Gordon McDonald) in Holywell in the third quarter of 1888. His father, Thomas Macdonald, and his mother, Ellen, were both Welsh. The family moved to the Lancashire Coalfield where he was brought up, his father working as a coalminer in a pit near Ashton in Makerfield. Educated in a local elementary school, he initially followed his father into the collieries aged 13. He subsequently won a scholarship to Ruskin College.

In 1920 he was elected to Wigan Board of Guardians, in 1924 became president of a local co-operative society and in the same year a miner's agent for the Miners' Federation of Great Britain.

Member of Parliament
At the 1929 general election Macdonald was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Ince, holding the seat until 1942. He was a junior Labour whip from 1931 to 1934 and was chairman of committees in the House of Commons. He resigned from Parliament in July 1942 to take up the post of Regional Controller for the Ministry of Fuel and Power for the Lancashire, Cheshire, and North Wales Region.

Governor of Newfoundland
In January 1946 he was appointed Governor of Newfoundland and Commander in Chief of Newfoundland and its Dependencies, and chairman of the unelected Commission of Government that governed the dominion. At the same time he was created Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. He oversaw the election of the Newfoundland National Convention in 1946, and the holding of two referendums in 1948, which led to Newfoundland becoming a province of Canada in March 1949.

Macdonald was viewed as being pro-federation and was accused of bias by Peter Cashin and supporters of responsible government and of manipulating the referendums.

Macdonald left the island upon its entry to Canada in 1949. Two days after his departure, an apparently congratulatory poem was published in The Evening Telegram. It emerged that the poem was an acrostic, with the first letter of each line spelling out "THE BASTARD".

Paymaster-General
On return to the United Kingdom in 1949, Macdonald joined the government of Clement Attlee as Paymaster General, elevated to the House of Lords as Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor. In 1950 he was leader of the British delegation to the Commonwealth Conference on Economic Aid to Countries of South East Asia held in Sydney, Australia and was a delegate to United Nations General Assembly at Lake Success, New York. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1951. He held office until Labour lost power at the 1951 general election.

Later life
Macdonald continued to be active in public life.

A fluent Welsh speaker, from 1952 to 1960 he was National Governor for Wales of the British Broadcasting Corporation, and from 1953 until his death was chairman of the Broadcasting Council for Wales. From 1952 to 1959 he was a member of the Colonial Development Corporation.

A Congregationalist in religion, he was National President of the Band of Hope Union of Great Britain in 1951. He held two honorary doctorates in law from Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick and the University of Wales.

Family
In 1913 he married Mary Lewis of Blaenau Ffestiniog. The couple had two sons and one daughter.

He died in January 1966, aged 77. His eldest son, Gordon Ramsay MacDonald, succeeded him in the barony.


text:
Lists of birds by region

The following are the regional bird lists by continent.

For another list see Category:Lists of birds by location

Northern Africa

 * Algeria
 * Egypt
 * Libya
 * Morocco
 * Sudan
 * Tunisia
 * Western Sahara
 * Canary Islands (ES)
 * Ceuta (ES)
 * Melilla (ES)
 * Madeira (PT)

Horn of Africa

 * Djibouti
 * Eritrea
 * Ethiopia
 * Somalia

Eastern Africa

 * Burundi
 * Comoros
 * Kenya
 * Madagascar
 * Malawi
 * Mauritius
 * Rodrigues
 * St. Brandon
 * Mayotte (FR)
 * Mozambique
 * Réunion (FR)
 * Rwanda
 * Seychelles
 * South Sudan
 * Uganda
 * Tanzania
 * Zanzibar
 * Zambia
 * Zimbabwe

Middle Africa

 * Angola
 * Cameroon
 * Central African Republic
 * Chad
 * Republic of the Congo
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * Equatorial Guinea
 * Annobon
 * Gabon
 * São Tomé and Príncipe

Southern Africa

 * Botswana
 * Lesotho
 * Namibia
 * South Africa
 * Gauteng
 * Eswatini

Western Africa

 * Benin
 * Burkina Faso
 * Cape Verde
 * Côte d'Ivoire
 * The Gambia
 * Ghana
 * Guinea
 * Guinea-Bissau
 * Liberia
 * Mali
 * Mauritania
 * Niger
 * Nigeria
 * Rivers State
 * Saint Helena (UK)
 * Ascension Island
 * Tristan da Cunha
 * Inaccessible Island
 * Nightingale Islands
 * Gough Island
 * Senegal
 * Sierra Leone
 * Togo

Caribbean

 * Anguilla (UK)
 * Antigua and Barbuda
 * Bahamas
 * Barbados
 * Cayman Islands (UK)
 * Cuba
 * Dominica
 * Grenada
 * Guadeloupe (FR)
 * Hispaniola
 * Dominican Republic
 * Haiti
 * Jamaica
 * Martinique (FR)
 * Montserrat (UK)
 * Navassa Island (US) (United States Minor Outlying Islands-Caribbean)
 * Providencia (Colombia)
 * Puerto Rico (US)
 * Vieques (US)
 * Saba (NL)
 * Saint Barthélemy (FR)
 * Sint Eustatius (NL)
 * Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * Saint Lucia
 * Saint Martin (FR, NL)
 * Saint Martin (FR)
 * Sint Maarten (NL)
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)
 * British Virgin Islands (UK)
 * United States Virgin Islands (US)

Central America

 * Belize
 * Costa Rica
 * Cocos Island
 * El Salvador
 * Guatemala
 * Honduras
 * Nicaragua
 * Panama

North America

 * Bermuda (UK)
 * Canada
 * Alberta
 * British Columbia
 * Manitoba
 * New Brunswick
 * Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Northwest Territories
 * Nova Scotia
 * Nunavut
 * Ontario
 * Prince Edward Island
 * Quebec
 * Saskatchewan
 * Yukon
 * Greenland (DK)
 * Mexico
 * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR)
 * United States of America
 * Alabama
 * Alaska
 * Aleutian Islands
 * Arizona
 * Arkansas
 * California
 * Santa Barbara Islands
 * Colorado
 * Connecticut
 * Delaware
 * District of Columbia
 * Florida
 * Georgia
 * Idaho
 * Illinois
 * Indiana
 * Iowa
 * Kansas
 * Kentucky
 * Louisiana
 * Maine
 * Maryland
 * Massachusetts
 * Michigan
 * Minnesota
 * Mississippi
 * Missouri
 * Montana
 * Nebraska
 * Nevada
 * New Hampshire
 * New Jersey
 * New Mexico
 * New York
 * North Carolina
 * North Dakota
 * Ohio
 * Oklahoma
 * Oregon
 * Pennsylvania
 * Rhode Island
 * South Carolina
 * South Dakota
 * Tennessee
 * Texas
 * Utah
 * Vermont
 * Virginia
 * Washington
 * West Virginia
 * Wisconsin
 * Wyoming

South America

 * Argentina
 * Bolivia
 * Brazil
 * Fernando de Noronha
 * Chile
 * Juan Fernández Islands
 * Colombia
 * Ecuador
 * Galápagos Islands
 * Falkland Islands (UK)
 * French Guiana (FR)
 * Guyana
 * Paraguay
 * Peru
 * Suriname
 * Uruguay
 * Venezuela

Caribbean

 * Aruba (NL)
 * Bonaire (NL)
 * Curaçao
 * Trinidad and Tobago

Central Asia

 * Kazakhstan
 * Kyrgyzstan
 * Tajikistan
 * Turkmenistan
 * Uzbekistan

Eastern Asia

 * China
 * Hainan
 * Tibet
 * Hong Kong
 * Macau
 * Japan
 * Bonin Islands
 * Ryukyu Islands
 * Korea
 * Korea, DPR
 * Korea, Republic of
 * Mongolia
 * Taiwan

Southeastern Asia

 * Brunei
 * Cambodia
 * East Timor
 * Indonesia
 * Irian Jaya
 * Java
 * Kalimantan
 * Lesser Sunda Islands
 * Maluku Islands
 * Sulawesi
 * Sumatra
 * Tanimbar Islands
 * West Timor
 * Laos
 * Malaysia
 * Malay Peninsula
 * Malaysian Borneo
 * Myanmar
 * Philippines
 * Luzon
 * Mindanao
 * Mindoro
 * Negros
 * Palawan
 * Panay
 * Samar
 * Singapore
 * South China Sea Islands
 * Paracel Islands (CN, VN)
 * Pratas Island (TW)
 * Spratly Islands (CN, MY, PH, TW, VN)
 * Thailand
 * Vietnam

Southern Asia

 * Afghanistan
 * Bangladesh
 * Bhutan
 * British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)
 * Cocos (Keeling) Islands (AU)
 * India
 * Andhra Pradesh
 * Goa
 * Karnataka
 * Kerala
 * Tamil Nadu
 * Telangana
 * Andaman and Nicobar Islands
 * Maldives
 * Nepal
 * Pakistan
 * Sri Lanka

The Middle East

 * Armenia
 * Azerbaijan
 * Bahrain
 * Cyprus
 * Georgia
 * Iran
 * Iraq
 * Israel
 * Jordan
 * Kuwait
 * Lebanon
 * Oman
 * Palestine
 * Qatar
 * Saudi Arabia
 * Syria
 * Turkey
 * United Arab Emirates
 * Yemen
 * Socotra

Eastern Europe

 * Belarus
 * Czech Republic
 * Hungary
 * Poland
 * Russia
 * Franz Josef Land
 * Kuril Islands
 * Novaya Zemlya
 * Wrangel Island
 * Slovakia
 * Ukraine

Northern Europe

 * Denmark
 * Estonia
 * Faroe Islands (DK)
 * Finland
 * Åland Islands
 * Iceland
 * Ireland
 * Latvia
 * Lithuania
 * Norway
 * Jan Mayen
 * Svalbard
 * Sweden
 * United Kingdom
 * Great Britain
 * England
 * Scotland
 * Wales
 * Channel Islands
 * Guernsey
 * Jersey
 * Isle of Man
 * Northern Ireland

Southern Europe

 * Albania
 * Andorra
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Bulgaria
 * Corsica (FR)
 * Croatia
 * Gibraltar (UK)
 * Greece
 * Crete
 * Italy
 * Sardinia
 * Sicily
 * Malta
 * Moldova
 * Monaco
 * Montenegro
 * North Macedonia
 * Portugal
 * Azores
 * Romania
 * San Marino
 * Serbia
 * Slovenia
 * Spain
 * Balearic Islands
 * Vatican City

Western Europe

 * Austria
 * Belgium
 * France
 * Germany
 * Liechtenstein
 * Luxembourg
 * Monaco
 * Netherlands
 * Switzerland

Australia and New Zealand

 * Australia
 * Coral Sea Islands
 * Queensland
 * New South Wales
 * Northern Territory
 * South Australia
 * Tasmania
 * Victoria
 * Western Australia
 * Ashmore Reef (AU)
 * Christmas Island (AU)
 * Lord Howe Island (AU)
 * Norfolk Island (AU)
 * New Zealand
 * North Island
 * South Island
 * Stewart Island
 * Auckland Islands (NZ)
 * Chatham Islands (NZ)
 * Kermadec Islands (NZ)
 * Antipodes Islands (NZ)
 * Bounty Islands (NZ)
 * Campbell Islands (NZ)

Melanesia

 * Fiji
 * New Guinea
 * West New Guinea (Indonesian province)
 * Papua New Guinea
 * Louisiade Archipelago
 * Bismarck Archipelago
 * Admiralty Islands
 * New Britain
 * New Ireland
 * Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)
 * New Caledonia (FR)
 * Torres Strait Islands (AU/Papua New Guinea)
 * Solomon Islands
 * Vanuatu

Micronesia

 * Guam (US)
 * Kiribati
 * Marshall Islands
 * Federated States of Micronesia
 * Kosrae
 * Pohnpei
 * Hall Islands
 * Yap Islands
 * Chuuk Islands
 * Nauru
 * Northern Mariana Islands (US)
 * Palau
 * United States Minor Outlying Islands-Pacific
 * Baker Island (US)
 * Howland Island (US)
 * Jarvis Island (US)
 * Johnston Atoll (US)
 * Kingman Reef (US)
 * Midway Islands (US)
 * Palmyra Atoll (US)
 * Wake Island (US)

Polynesia

 * American Samoa (US)
 * Cook Islands (NZ)
 * Easter Island (CL)
 * French Polynesia (FR)
 * Society Islands
 * Tahiti
 * Bora Bora
 * Tuamotus
 * Gambier Islands
 * Marquesas Islands
 * Austral Islands
 * Hawaii (US)
 * Kauai
 * Maui
 * Oahu
 * Lanai
 * Molokai
 * Hawaii
 * Niue (NZ)
 * Pitcairn (UK)
 * Samoa
 * Tokelau (NZ)
 * Tonga
 * Tuvalu
 * Wallis and Futuna (FR)

Antarctica & Southern Ocean islands

 * Antarctica
 * Bouvet Island (NO)
 * British Antarctic Territory (UK)
 * South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
 * South Orkney Islands
 * South Shetland Islands
 * French Southern and Antarctic Lands (FR)
 * Amsterdam Island
 * Crozet Islands
 * Kerguelen Islands
 * Saint Paul Island
 * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU)
 * Macquarie Island (AU)
 * Prince Edward Islands (S. Africa)

title: Lists of birds by region


text:
Talk:Eudaimonia

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Hugo Grotius comment
I took out the statement " Hugo Grotius similarly argued that natural law does not depend on the existence of God" for two reasons. First, the comment is regarding natural law, not human flourishing. Second, there was no citation and I wasn't able to find any evidence backing up the claim. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hateloveschool (talk • contribs) 02:27, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Eudaimonia


text:
Gédéon Ouimet

Gédéon Ouimet (June 2, 1823 – April 23, 1905) was a French-Canadian politician.

Born in what is today part of the city of Laval, Quebec Canada, Ouimet served as the second premier of Quebec from February 26, 1873 to September 22, 1874. He resigned as party leader of the Conservative Party of Quebec in 1874 because of the Tanneries scandal which implicated the government of Quebec.

He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1895.

He died in Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec in 1905.

The Quebec town of Grandmont changed its name to Saint-Gédéon in honour of Ouimet. A bridge on Highway 15 (Laurentian) was also named after him; the bridge crosses the Rivière des Mille Îles. It connects the municipality of Laval to the northern shore in what is now known as the town of Boisbriand.

title: Gédéon Ouimet


text:
White River (Green River tributary)

White River is a river, approximately 195 mi long, in the U.S. states of Colorado and Utah and is a tributary of the Green River (which flows into the Colorado River).

Description

The river rises in two forks in northwestern Colorado in northeastern Garfield County in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area in the White River National Forest. The North Fork rises in Wall Lake and flows northwest, then southwest. The South Fork rises ten miles south of the north, flows southwest, then northwest, past Spring Cave. The two forks join near Buford in eastern Rio Blanco County, forming the White. It flows west, then northwest, past Meeker (site of the White River Museum), and across the broad valley between the Danforth Hills on the north and the Roan Plateau on the south. Downstream from Meeker, it is joined by Piceance Creek and Yellow Creek. In western Rio Blanco County, it turns southwest, flows past Rangely, where it is joined by Douglas Creek, and into Uintah County, Utah, where it joins the Green 2 mi south of Ouray.

The White River is navigable by small boats throughout most of its length. But in low water years, the water level may be too low for navigation for a period of several months. Flows vary from 400 cuft/s in late summers of dry years to well over 3000 cuft/s in spring.

Dams and reservoirs
The river is dammed in two places, both in Colorado. Taylor Draw Dam creates Kenney Reservoir near Rangely, and the Johnnie Johnson Dam impounds Rio Blanco Lake near White River City.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, White River has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

title: White River (Green River tributary)


text:
Boys to Men

Boys to Men may refer to:

 * Boyz II Men, American band
 * Boys II Men (album), by Maskinen
 * "Boys to Men" (New Edition single), 1991 single
 * Ah Boys to Men (film series), film series
 * From Boys to Men, book
 * Boys and Men, Japanese idol group

title: Boys to Men