text:
Talk:St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk

St. Mary's Church
There are probably a lot of claims for the largest brick churches. Cecile's cathedral in Albi for instance, https://amazed.blog/2021/03/11/albi-in-the-shadow-of-st-ceciles-cathedral-a-scandalous-painter-toulouse-lautrec/ with 113m x 78m x 35m would amount to a volume of 308490 M3. Strange that it is not mentioned here. --- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A459:377C:1:B9AA:7E1F:A3DA:8F63 (talk) 08:56, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

Aren't there a lot of Marienkirches? This should be a disambiguation page. RickK 04:29, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Probably. I'll do that. Nico 04:40, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Sorry, Nico, but Marienkirche is neither the official name of the temple nor the English name of it. Of course unless you can prove that Virgin Mary is called St.Marie in English and that all churches are called kirche.Halibutt 03:33, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The church is known as the Marienkirche of Danzig in English (see for instance the external link), and will stay here.Nico 10:59, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Nico, your version is German. I never thought I'll use Google as a dictionary, but this time it's plain.

 * Search for Marienkirche of Danzig returns 2,740 hits, but on the first 10 pages of the search there are only two (2) links in English, the rest is in German
 * Search for St Mary's Church in Gdansk returns with 3,760 hits, and on the first 10 pages there are no Polish or German pages, only English-language.
 * You still want to insist that this church is called Marienkirche in English? Feel free, but please stop this edt war...Halibutt 12:09, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

A Google search for (marienkirche gdansk OR danzig -mary's -site:wikipedia.org) in English returns 145 hits, while (gdansk OR danzig "mary's church" -marienkirche -site:wikipedia.org) returns 605 hits. Besides, it's an English, not German Wikipedia, and the convention for church names in ENglish (and in contrast to place names, it's raher undisputed) is: St [Saint's name] 's {Church, Cahtedral, etc.}

Note:
 * No dot after St
 * Saint's name in possessive ('s)
 * The word "church", etc. capitalized

That's why I redirected St. Mary's Church in Gdansk, St. Mary Church in Gdansk, St Mary's church in Gdansk, St Mary Church in Gdansk, St. Mary's church in Gdansk, and of course Marienkirche of Danzig to St Mary's Church in Gdansk.

Kpalion 12:27, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Basilica
Setting aside the Gdansk/Dazig discussion for a moment, The name of the church in Polish is the Basilica of St. Mary, or else St. Mary's Basilica, not Church. Group29 (talk) 16:18, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

This page title should be acceptable to all (Danzig vs. Gdansk)
It's a compromise based on the fact that the name of the city was "Danzig" at the time of construction, and is now "Gdansk". Mkweise 19:01, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

This is perfect. Thanks. Nico 20:37, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Note to future readers: at the time of writing the above the title was St Mary's Church of Danzig (Gdansk) — Jor (Talk) 15:25, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I do not agree with this edit. The church was rebuilt in 1956 and has no German connection whatsover except maybe the style. In 1956 as in the 1400s to 1500s the City was a part of Poland and called Gdansk. So if anything the title should be St Mary's Church of Gdansk (Danzig)24.2.152.139 15:29, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * You've got a point about Gdansk (Danzig) vs. Danzig (Gdansk). I have no objection to switching the order in which the names are listed, if that will put an end to the revert war. Mkweise 16:51, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * There is no city called Gdansk. There is either Gdańsk in Polish or Danzig in Germen. If you don't find the letter ń on your keyboard, you should rather use the German name instead of making up a new one. 91.55.86.96 02:10, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Wik is reverting now (or continuing reverts: may be his IP). — Jor (Talk) 16:52, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Rather than use Talk pages he insists on a quick poll: Quickpolls — Jor (Talk) 17:14, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Is anyone opposed to moving to St Mary's Church or St Mary's Church, Poland? Then the city naming compromise is gone from the article title, and can be dealt with something like "standing in Gdańsk (Danzig), …" — the Gdańsk/Danzig article discusses the city name in detail. — Jor (Talk) 15:36, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Has been suggested before—but this isn't the only St Mary's Church, nor even the only one in Poland. We already have an article on St Mary's Church in Kraków. Mkweise 16:01, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm. Any others in Pommerania? St Mary's Church (Pommerania) / St Mary's Church in Pommerania / St Mary's Church, Pommerania? — Jor (Talk) 16:14, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Suggestion article be protected at St Mary's Church of Danzig (Gdansk) location (most recent edits) until discussion on move is over. — Jor (Talk) 16:55, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Alternatively a page MOVE to a neutral location. — Jor (Talk) 17:03, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * I recuse myself from protecting my own revision. If this page needs protection, another admin should do it. Mkweise 17:09, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Any thoughts on using Pommerania as a disambig title instead of Danzig/Gdańsk? — Jor (Talk) 17:21, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * That seems rather odd. It would be like moving the London Tube to Tube in Middlesex.Halibutt 17:40, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * 1)Agreed there. But we really do not need yet another location for the Danzig/Gdansk/whatever slugging match... — Jor (Talk) 17:42, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

What about St Mary's Church of 1502, taking the date it was completed? — Jor (Talk) 17:48, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * LOL, how about St Mary's Church in you-know-where? Seriously, we should not sacrifice clear and unambiguous article titles for the sake of weasely political correctness. Mkweise 19:02, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * In that case Wikipedia should create a 'list of cities in Poland with other names', and strongly enforce the forms given there... — Jor (Talk) 19:03, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Although it takes no clarvoyant to know that such a list will be as hotly disputed as the individual pages are now. Some German users refuse to accept Polish names, and some Polish users refuse to accept historic German names... — Jor (Talk) 19:08, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * There already is a List of European cities with alternative names. I think it might be good if all articles about Polish cities with disputed names linked there. As for St Mary's, I'd prefer St Mary's Church of Gdansk (Danzig) (current name first - after all, if you want to visit the church, you have to go to Gdańsk, not Danzig). But I can live with St Mary's Church of Danzig (Gdansk). --Kpalion 19:20, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I have no objection to your moving the article to St Mary's Church, Gdansk (Danzig), if Halibutt and Jor can live with that. If it's really true, as Halibutt states below, that User:Nico is the only one who has a problem with St Mary's Church, Gdansk that that's fine with me too—though of course the German name should remain in the article text in any case. Mkweise 20:03, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Look, nobody (I hope) has any problem with placing the church on the map. The only problem is that User:Nico believes that the English name of the city is still Danzig. I know that it's not. IMO the page should be moved to St Mary's Church in Gdansk because it is in Gdansk. Otherwise we'd have to move other pages too. Like the Tower of London to Tower of Lugdunum (London) (Romans started it). The fact that the present church was built by the Teutonic Order and that the German name was used at the time could be mentioned too, but it's not obligatory. Anyway, I see no point in St Mary's Church of Danzig (Gdansk) thing.Halibutt 19:23, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd rather have both names in the title than two separate, competing articles under different names; that was a situation I found completely unacceptable. Mkweise 19:41, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps protecting redirect pages could be a good solution. This could prevent people from changing redirects to new competing articles which would differ from the main article in nothing but the title and the first sentence. --Kpalion 20:05, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I hope you mean not as a general rule, as this would effectively make it impossible to move a page in order to create a disambiguation page. — Jor (Talk) 20:07, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * According to Wikipedia policy, protecting a page is never a good solution, but rather an emergency measure that we resort to when all else fails. Mkweise 20:13, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I'd rather have this article at St Mary's Church in Gdansk since this is the name used in English (look at the links posted) and this is the name of the city. After the evidence has been posted and starting an edit war failed, Nico simply created a new, similar and competing article. IMO that should be fixed and the whole case ended.Halibutt 21:47, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Alright...since it appears that the total number of Wikipedians opposed to that is one, let's try it and see what happens. I'll use a comma rather than a preposition, since that's more in keeping with encylopedic style (compare e.g. Christ Church, Oxford). Mkweise 22:24, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Now you see what happened. Nico read the first half of the discussion and ignored the rest... And provoked a new edit war. Good going, Nico. That's what we need, my friend :I Halibutt 05:28, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

TO
Cautious, why did you remove my reference to the Teutonic Order?Halibutt 10:48, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Other sources

 * 1) The CIA World Factbook 2003 calls the city Gdansk.
 * 2) Encyclopedia Britannica Online calls the city Gdansk.
 * en:Wikipedia calls the city Gdansk.

Now, since the church is IN Gdansk right now, the title should probably be (IMHO) St Mary's Church in Gdansk (as previously suggested by Halibutt), this is in line with the article title of St Mary's Church in Kraków. Anyone who searches for St Mary's Church in Danzig will still get there as it will be a redirect. The fact that Gdansk was previously named Danzig (English language of course) is only relevant if we use OF in the title rather than IN. Anyone have a better suggestion than this? --Dante Alighieri | Talk 20:35, Apr 3, 2004 (UTC)

While we're at it, why is the title of the article Kraków on En? Shouldn't it be at Krakow seeing as how English doesn't have an accented o? --Dante Alighieri | Talk 20:35, Apr 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * The traditional English name for Kraków is Cracow. However, it's been decided (see: Talk:Cracow) to use the Polish name. Krakow is neither Polish nor English - it's a hybrid resuliting from ommiting the diacritic due to technical reasons. Since it's technically possible to use Ó in Wikipedia article titles, it should be written Kraków. --Kpalion 21:06, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * It was decided there to use Krakow, which is used about 8 times as often as Kraków in English (950,000 to 130,000 with an english language restriction on Google, more in favor if you confine it to English top-level domains). Looks as though it was discussed there, then Wik moved it to Kraków a month later. Jamesday 06:19, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I have moved the page to St. Mary's Church, Gdansk (Danzig), as proposed above. Nico 22:07, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Looks as though this should be simply Gdansk in the title, though the history in Danzig should be mentioned in the article as well. Jamesday 06:33, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * That's what I think too.Halibutt 07:21, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Protected page
I protected this because of rename and edit warring. I plan to leave it protected until the talk page discussion resolves the matter. Please let me know on my talk page once you think it's resolved. Jamesday 06:43, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * We can discuss it on the talk page ad mortam defecatam, as we say in Poland, and it'll get us nowhere as long as there are people (you name them) who won't obey the concensus and will always change things in what they think is the one and only right way. --Kpalion 08:27, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually a consensus was achieved in the above discussion, and the currently protected version reflects it. There's one dissenter who wants the German name in the title, and one who wants to remove all mention of its German heritage. Mkweise 11:24, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree but please do something like holding a straw poll and inviting all past participants and the Village Pump readers to express a view. That will make it a lot easier to deal with one or more people who act contrary to a clear agreement later, just because poll votes are easy to count. I'll leave it at least a week to give sometime for anyone who wants to say something to do so. There's no great hurry, so lets proceed slowly and with ample time for discussion. Jamesday 10:14, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I think we've got better things to do than hold a poll every time user:Nico and the anon formerly known as user:Gdansk disagree about something. I know I have. They'll just go and make some other article their battleground, anyway.
 * The larger issue under consideration at Talk:Gdansk/Naming convention certainly would benefit from more voices of reason, though. Most of the people who care about it at all have very strong feelings about it. Mkweise 14:44, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)

"Teutonic city of Danzig" is wrong.
First the city was founded by Slavs. Second from the 1400s up till 1793 the city was a Part of Poland. And saying that it was the "Teutonic city of Danzig" that finished the church even though it was a part of Poland in 1503 is totaly wrong. 24.2.152.139 23:16, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Indeed, the construction started under the Teutonic Order, but the city changed hands again during the process in 1454. But what should be the apropriate wording?Halibutt 00:19, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Largest?
Is it really the largest brick church in the world? Polish Wiki says only "the largest brick church of the Baltic area". It should be checked Pibwl 20:33, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * the largest in the world.--Emax 21:55, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It probably depends on how you measure it. Is the length, the height (towers included/not included?), the area, the volume...? Measured inside or outside? Or maybe the numver of seats? St Mary's in Gdańsk is most probably the largest brick church in the world by one or more, but most likely not all, of theses criteria. --[[User:Kpalion|Kpalion (talk)]] 22:06, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Mowiac "najwieksza", liczy sie powierzchnia calkowita lub uzytkowa (nie jestem pewny)--Emax 23:39, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It's definitely not the highest brick church in the world though. have a look at Church of Our Lady, Bruges and St. Martin's Church, Landshut --Lamadude (talk) 15:19, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Denominational history
The article should explain that at some point — I don't know exactly when — after the Reformation, St. Mary's became a German Protestant (Evangelische) church, and remained so until the German defeat in 1945, after which it became a Polish Catholic church. The German version of the article says it was "the largest Protestant house of worship in the world until 1945." See de:Marienkirche Danzig. Sca 18:36, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed. This is also important from a architectural point of view. Protestant churches are different from Catholic churches. Infact, this difference is much more important and relevant to a church (and this article) then the controversy about Slaws, Poland or the Teutonic Order.
 * PS: almost every article about churches in Silesia, Pommerania or East Prussia lacks this information. 84.181.100.60 19:10, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * In addition, during the Reformation, many Catholic churches were stripped of iconography and art.Parkwells (talk) 20:21, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

18th Century Rennovations
There are some problem with this paragraph I thought someone could look into: "After the Partitions of Poland, Prussian authorities took many precious items from the church, including cloths and vestments made of fabrics from ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, obtained during the Crusades; as well as renaissance wares from Venice, Florence and Lucca (more than 1000 items altogether).[2] Many artifacts were sold: the winged triptych by Jan van Wavere, sold to archduke Maximilian, is today held in the Church of the Teutonic Order in Vienna; and the sculpture of Madonna and Child by Michael of Augsburg from the main altar, sold to count Sierakowski, is today located in the chapel in Waplewo Wielkie).[1] In addition, the Prussians melted down gold and silver reliquaries for reuse; they reused golden threads from embroideries in uniforms for Prussian officers"

Neither the Polish, German, nor Kashubian Wikipedia pages mention this. I am not sure the references for some of this are reliable, because I can't find some of the information here in them. Likewise some of the information sounds incredible. For example, the turning of the priceless church vestments from Ancient Mesopotamia into gold embroidery thread for the uniforms of Prussian officers, etc., etc.,. Let's clean up the article to make sure all of the information is factual.

Furthermore, the the constant use of "the Prussians did x..." (usually something painted in a very negative light) is problematic. We could just as well substitute in "The Boogey Man dix x...", but we don't need to, in order to see that this savors strongly of ultra-nationalist propoganda. And who are these "Prussians" anyway? We need to at least edit to government, or Prussian government etc.,.

The phrase "After the Partitions of Poland" is also highly problematic. The rennovations described here did happen in the late 18th century. Opening the paragraph in the context of the Partitions of Poland, and to the exclusion of any other historical currents in the country, though would make it seem that the rennovations were the result of the Partitions, which is not at all for certain. The fact is, that many medieval churches, in Poland and Germany, both Catholic and Lutheran, for better or worse, were rennovated, particularly into the neo-classical style, during this period. That this is not mentioned, or that the paragraph is not opened in the likely more approriate context of church architecture and design, again give the impression of history tinged with nationalistic rhetoric.

In all, to the casual observer of the article, it could sound as though Prussian (German) people off the street came in and defiled a Polish Church. This is very far from the truth, and for that matter, the transferal of the church after the explusion of the German population from the Lutheran church department to the Catholic diocese (Rather than to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Poland - which was and is comprised of ethnic Polish Protestants) is more complicated than described in this article. The events of 1946 in anycase were not the equal and oppososite countereacation to the rennovations of the 18th century, as the flow of the narration might seem to hint at to some readers, and they were not a "restoration" in any sense except the architectural one.

Let's clean this paragraph up, keeping what is historical, and leaving out what is allegorical; the church building and its deocration standing in for the breaking up, supression and ultimate ressurgience of the Polish nation. I am very far from discouraging this kind writing. On the contrary, such a comparison is poigniant and eloquently conceived. But let it be drawn openly and directly, and explicitly as such. Subtly blending historical data with this kind of poetic thought, does neither justice, and even if unknowingly so, promotes dangerously nationalistic alternative histories of Poland's rich multi-cultural, and vibrant religiously diverse history. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.242.62.15 (talk) 05:28, 5 October 2010 (UTC)

Largest?
An early 20th c. source contended that the Metropolitan Cathedral of Villanueva of Medellin, Colombia also claimed to be the largest brick church, but a 2006 Fodor's stated the Colombian cathedral is the 3rd largest. I corrected that article with the following cite. Parkwells (talk) 20:21, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

The entry on Albi Cathedral says "it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world". Perhaps someone should sort these claims out? Peter Bell (talk) 02:36, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Liturgical garments
These alienations and also later sales to private collectors ....
 * — "Alienations" does not make sense here in English. A more accessible English word should be substituted. Sca (talk) 00:37, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

War damage
... some of the bricks melted ...
 * — Can bricks melt, like metal? Sca (talk) 00:43, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Yes, clay bricks will melt in a hot fire. If they're high in iron or other metals, they may fuse below 1,000 degrees C. Nearly all clay bricks will melt before they reach 1,700 degrees C, the melting point of silica. Specialised refractory bricks for high-temperature smelters and kilns aren't made of clay, but substances like alumina or magnesite. Peter Bell (talk) 07:31, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk


text:
List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1993

This is a list of the U.S. Billboard magazine Hot 100 number-ones of 1993. There were 11 singles that topped the chart this year. The first of these, "I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston, spent nine weeks at the top, concluding a 14-week run that had begun in November 1992.

That year, 6 acts earn their first number one song: Peabo Bryson, Regina Belle, Snow, Silk, SWV, and Meat Loaf. Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey were the only acts to hit number one more than once, with each of them hitting twice.

Additional sources

 * Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
 * Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2008, 12 Edition (ISBN 0-89820-180-2)
 * Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties (ISBN 0-89820-137-3)
 * Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Kraft (disambiguation)

Kraft, or Kraft Foods, is an American food processing conglomerate.

Kraft may also refer to:

Companies

 * Kraft Foods Inc, a former American manufacturing and processing conglomerate formed in 1923, renamed Mondelez International following the 2012 split
 * Kraft Foods Group, the company formed in 2012 when the original Kraft Foods Inc. was split, merged with Heinz to form Kraft Heinz in 2015
 * Kraft Heinz, the company the post-2012 Kraft Foods formed, after merging with Heinz in 2015
 * Kraft Foods Ltd, Australian company from 1935, which began as the Kraft Walker Cheese Co., a partnership between Fred Walker and Kraft Foods Inc.
 * The Kraft Group, a group of privately held companies in sports, manufacturing, and real estate development
 * Kraft Systems, a defunct joystick and radio-control transmitter manufacturer

People

 * Kraft (surname)
 * Kraft Ehricke (1917–1984), German rocket scientist

Other uses

 * Kraft process, a paper pulp production method
 * Kraft paper, paper produced by the Kraft process
 * Kraft (Catch-22), a character in Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22
 * Närpes Kraft Fotbollsförening, association football club from Närpes, Finland
 * Team Kraft, Toyota semi-works Super GT team, see Ronnie Quintarelli
 * Kraft (Lindberg), a musical composition created by Magnus Lindberg
 * Kraft (album), an album by Vreid

title: Kraft (disambiguation)


text:
Vigna mungo

Vigna mungo, also known as black gram, urad bean, urid bean, matimah, matikolai, mash kalai, maas/kalo daal, uzhunnu parippu, ulundu parippu, minapa pappu, uddu, or black matpe, is a bean grown in South Asia. Like its relative, the mung bean, it has been reclassified from the Phaseolus to the Vigna genus. The product sold as black gram is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called white lentil. It should not be confused with the much smaller true black lentil (Lens culinaris).

Black gram originated in South Asia, where it has been in cultivation from ancient times and is one of the most highly prized pulses of India. It is very widely used in Indian cuisine. In India the black gram is one of the important pulses grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. This crop is extensively grown in the southern part of India and the northern part of Bangladesh and Nepal. In Bangladesh and Nepal it is known as mash daal. It is a popular daal (legume) side dish in South Asia that goes with curry and rice as a platter. Black gram has also been introduced to other tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius, Myanmar and Africa mainly by Indian immigrants during the Indian indenture system.

Description
It is an erect, suberect or trailing, densely hairy, annual bush. The tap root produces a branched root system with smooth, rounded nodules. The pods are narrow, cylindrical and up to six cm long. The plant grows 30–100 cm with large hairy leaves and 4–6 cm seed pods. While the urad dal was, along with the mung bean, originally placed in Phaseolus, it has since been transferred to Vigna.

Cooking
Vigna mungo is popular in Northern India, largely used to make dal from the whole or split, dehusked seeds. The bean is boiled and eaten whole or, after splitting, made into dal; prepared like this it has an unusual mucilaginous texture.

Its usage is quite common in Dogra Cuisine of Jammu and Lower Himachal region. The key ingredient of Dal Maddhra or Maah Da Maddhra dish served in Dogri Dhaam of Jammu is Vigna mungo lentil. Similarly, another dish Teliya Maah popular in Jammu & Kangra uses this lentil. Traditionally, Vigna Mungo Lentil is used for preparing Dogra style Khichdi during Panj Bhikham and Makar Sankranti festival in Jammu and Lower Himachal. Besides, fermented Vigna Mungo paste is also used to prepare Lakhnapuri Bhalle or Lakhanpuri Laddu ( a popular street food of Jammu region).

In Uttarakhand Cuisine, Vigna mungo is used for preparing traditional dish called Chainsu or Chaisu.

In North Indian cuisine, it is used as an ingredient of Dal makhani, which is a Modern restaurant style adaptation of Traditional Sabut Urad Dal of Northern India.

In Bengal, it is used in kalai ruti, biulir dal. In Rajasthan, It is one of the ingredients of Panchmel dal which is usually consumed with bati.

It is also extensively used in South Indian culinary preparations. Black gram is one of the key ingredients in making idli and dosa batter, in which one part of black gram is mixed with three or four parts of idli rice to make the batter. Vada or udid vada also contain black gram and are made from soaked batter and deep-fried in cooking oil. The dough is also used in making papadum, in which white lentils are usually used.

In the Telugu states, it is eaten as a sweet in the form of laddoos called Sunnundallu or Minapa Sunnundallu.

Nutrition
Its nutrition numbers when raw differ from when cooked. When raw it contains high levels of protein (25 g/100 g), potassium (983 mg/100 g), calcium (138 mg/100 g), iron (7.57 mg/100 g), niacin (1.447 mg/100 g), thiamine (0.273 mg/100 g), and riboflavin (0.254 mg/100 g). Black gram complements the essential amino acids provided in most cereals and plays an important role in the diets of the people of Nepal and India. Black gram is also very high in folate (628 μg/100 g raw, 216 μg/100 g cooked).

Use in medieval crucible construction
In medieval India, this bean was used in a technique to facilitate making crucibles impermeable.

Names
Vigna mungo is known by various names across South and Southeast Asia. Its name in most languages of India derives from Proto-Dravidian *uẓ-untu-, borrowed into Sanskrit as uḍida:
 * Caribbean Hindustani/Fiji Hindi: उरदी दाल (urdi dal)
 * Gujarati: અળદ (aḷad), અડદ (aḍad)
 * Hindi: उड़द दाल (uṛad dāl), उरद दाल (urad dāl)
 * Kannada: ಉದ್ದು (uddu), ಉದ್ದಿನ ಬೇಳೆ (uddina bēḷe)
 * Marathi/Konkani: उडीद (uḍid)
 * Malayalam: ഉഴുന്ന് (uẓhunnu)
 * Tamil: உளுந்து (uḷuntu/ulundu), உளுத்தம் பாருப்பு (ulutham paruppu)
 * Telugu: మినుములు (minumulu) and ఉద్ది పాప్పు (uddi pappu) in Rayalaseema dialect
 * Tulu: ಉರ್ದು ಸಲೈ (urdu salāyi)

Its name in selected Indic languages, however, derives from Sanskrit masa (माष) :

Other names include:
 * Dogri: 𑠢𑠬𑠪𑠹 𑠛𑠮 𑠛𑠬𑠥 / माह् दी दाल (maah di daal)
 * Assamese: মাটিমাহ (matimah), মাটিকলাই (matikolai)
 * Bengali: মাসকালাই ডাল (mashkalai ḍal)
 * Nepali: कालो डाल (kalo daal ), मास (mās)
 * Punjabi : ਮਾਂਹ / ਮਾਸ਼ ਦੀ ਦਾਲ (mānha/māsh di dāl)
 * Urdu: ماش کی دال (māsh ki dāl)
 * Odia: ବିରି ଡାଲି (biri ḍāli)
 * Sinhala : උඳු (undu)
 * Myanmar: မတ်ပဲ (matpe)
 * Vietnamese: (đậu muồng ăn)
 * Thai: ถั่วดำ (thua dam)

Varieties
Pant Urd 31 (PU-31) Lam Black Gram 884 (LBG 884) Trombay Urd (TU 40) Mutant varieties:CO-1 and Sarla. Spring season varieties:Prabha and AKU-4. First urad bean variety developed in – T9(1948).
 * Pant U-13
 * JU-2
 * Type-9
 * Barkha
 * Gwalior-2

title: Vigna mungo


text:
Talk:Mu of Balhae

Untitled
"Japan welcomed them as..." suffices. --Nanshu 04:32, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Then what the hell is this 'Bohai assumed.. '?

In the diplomatic document, Da Wuyi titled himself as the official rank which was given by the Tang Emperor. And he treated the Emperor of Japan as a king under Tang's suzerainty. But actually, Japan didn't accepted Tang's suzerainty but behaved as "little China" who ruled "barbarians" surrounding Japan. After a series of negotiations, Bohai accepted Japan's logic. Bohai chose substance rather than reputation. --Nanshu 04:10, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

what is this 'tributary' tag in front of Goguryeo? Do you really think this is an appropriate word to describe the relation between Goguryeo and Japan? LoL.

Again, that's what Japanese officials thought. You can clarify the context, but don't delete it! --Nanshu 04:12, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't we rename this page to King Wu of Bohai and/or King Mu of Balhae? Bohai-related pages are currently in Mandarin, so it'd be okay to move Da Wuyi to King Wu of Bohai. -- Caffelice 16:35, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Among 15 kings of Bohai, 6 kings' posthumous names are unknown or did not exist. I'd like to keep the current scheme and make "{posthumous name} of Bohai" redirects. --Nanshu 07:57, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mu of Balhae


text:
Talk:LVL

Shouldn't this page go to the dictionary Wiki?

title: Talk:LVL


text:
User:Humus sapiens/links

Useful Tools & Links

 * Policy Library
 * Web colors

title: User:Humus sapiens/links


text:
USS Hoel (DDG-13)

USS Hoel (DDG-13), named for Lieutenant Commander William R. Hoel USN (1824–1879), was a Charles F. Adams-class destroyer guided missile destroyer.

Hoel was laid down by Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan, on 3 August 1959, launched on 4 August 1960 by Mrs. Harry H. Long, granddaughter of Lieutenant Commander Hoel and commissioned on 16 June 1962, Commander Allen W. Slifer in command.

Hoel served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on Search and rescue duties and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War.

1960s
After fitting out at Boston, Hoel got underway for her first homeport, San Diego, putting in at Norfolk, Virginia; Mayport and Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Guantanamo Bay; Cartagena, Colombia; Canal Zone; and Acapulco, Mexico, during the voyage. During the passage from Cartagena to the Canal Zone she came upon sailing yacht Stardrift becalmed and adrift en route to Sydney, Australia, from London. Hoel towed the 36 ft craft 100 mi to safety in Panama.

Hoel arrived in San Diego on 11 September 1962 and spent the ensuing months completing the various inspections, tests, and trials by the Board of Inspection and Survey. When successful firing of ASROC and Tartar missiles completed her qualification and acceptance trials, Hoel joined the ready 1st Fleet.

After a 3-week cruise to Esquimalt, British Columbia, Hoel spent April and May 1963 in Pearl Harbor conducting special exercises. She then returned to waters off San Diego to participate in the Presidential Demonstration held for President John F. Kennedy.

The months of July, August, and part of September were spent at Long Beach Naval Shipyard for the post-shakedown availability assigned each new ship approximately 1 year after commissioning. At this time improved fire-control radars were installed and tested by successful missile firings. Hoel departed Long Beach on 17 October 1963 for duty in the Western Pacific to serve as the flagship of Commander Destroyer Division 12.

In ensuing years she alternated deployments in the Far East with operations off the West Coast. Her 1966 deployment to the Western Pacific began when she departed San Diego 28 July. On September she was on search and rescue patrol off Da Nang, Vietnam. On 8 December the guided missile destroyer became naval gunfire support ship in the Corps I area. She fired 2,100 rounds destroying at least 20 enemy structures and two trench networks; damaging 61 buildings, three bunkers, eight trench networks, and five roads; and killing 24 Viet Cong while wounding seven. Hoel retired to Hong Kong 21 December but headed for Yankee Station the day after Christmas to screen the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea (CV-43). On this patrol she helped to rescue a pilot after his A-4 Skyhawk had crashed.

On 19 October 1987, Hoel was one of 4 ships participating in Operation Nimble Archer, destroying 2 militarized oil platforms in the Persian Gulf. Twenty minutes before the surface action group opened fire, USS Thach radioed the platforms, telling the crews to abandon them. At 2 pm, four U.S. destroyers opened fire: USS Hoel, USS Leftwich, USS Kidd, and USS John Young. One platform was boarded by U.S. special forces, who recovered teletype messages and other documents, then planted explosives to destroy the platform. Air cover was provided by the cruisers USS Long Beach and USS William H. Standley, two F-14 Tomcat fighters and an E-2 Hawkeye from USS Ranger. The high-explosive shells did negligible blast damage to the steel-lattice platforms, but eventually set them ablaze. Hoel fired nearly 400 rounds during this operation.

Decommissioning
Hoel was decommissioned on 1 October 1990, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 November 1992 and sold on 20 June 1994.

Hoel was one of seven decommissioned US naval vessels purchased by Charleston Shipbuilders Inc. (CSI) in 1994. The corporation planned to use the ships' power plants to generate electricity which they would then sell commercially. In theory, each ship would be able to generate approximately fifty megawatts of electricity, enough to supply approximately 150,000 households.

Power Barge
The city of Manaus, Brazil had rapidly expanded since it was declared a tax-free zone by the Brazilian government in 1967. Eletronorte, the local power utility service, had been unable to keep up with the increasing demand and Manaus experienced frequent blackouts. In 1997, CSI negotiated a thirty million dollar contract to supply power to Manaus.

The ex-Hoel was chosen as the ship to be used. However, the plans of both companies were too optimistic. Eletronorte announced that ex-Hoel would be delivering power within only a few days of its arrival in Manaus. CSI had failed to test the ship's equipment fully before departing for Brazil and failed to appreciate how many repairs the ship's 38-year-old power plant might require. The ship ended up needing weeks of work after its arrival in Brazil before it could begin generating power and numerous repairs after that. Repairs were much more difficult to accomplish in Brazil because the parts and technicians now had to be brought in from CSI's headquarters back in the United States. Meanwhile, many people in Manaus had become angry over the failed power delivery and there were violent protests. The ex-Hoel was never able to generate more than a quarter of the electricity that had been promised and that only periodically. After a year of failed attempts, Eletronorte cancelled its contract with CSI.

Research on this can be found here... https://sites.google.com/site/usshoelddg13site/home/hoel-history/post-decomm

title: USS Hoel (DDG-13)


text: User talk:66.194.72.10

title: User talk:66.194.72.10


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USS Buchanan (DDG-14)

USS Buchanan (DDG-14) was a Charles F. Adams-class destroyer guided missile destroyer in service with the United States Navy from 1962 to 1991. She was sunk as a target in 2000.

History
Buchanan was named for Admiral Franklin Buchanan and was laid down by Todd-Pacific Shipbuilding at Seattle, Washington on 23 April 1959, launched on 11 May 1960, and commissioned on 7 February 1962. She was commissioned by the Commandant, Thirteenth Naval District, Rear Admiral George C. Towner.

1962–1965
After completing her final outfitting at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, Buchanan got underway for Long Beach Naval Shipyard, California, on 25 March 1962. She moored at her new homeport of San Diego, on 5 April. The destroyer reported for duty and was assigned to serve as the flagship of Destroyer Squadron 15, Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla 7, United States First Fleet. On 25 May 1962 the destroyer put to sea for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, for her shakedown cruise. She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 30 May and participated in the dedication of the USS Arizona Memorial. She returned to San Diego on 6 June to continue her shakedown before proceeding to Puget Sound on 17 September 1962. Buchanan returned to San Diego on 5 November 1962, where she was placed on unrestricted availability with the fleet.

Buchanan began operating in 1963 in the area off Southern California before departing for her first deployment to the western Pacific. She put out for Pearl Harbor with the destroyer USS Somers (DD-947) on 4 April. Once at Pearl Harbor, she was placed in drydock for a few days (9–14 April). The ship returned to sea in company with Somers on 18 April and operated with Task Force 77.3.1, consisting of attack aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea (CVA-43), radar picket destroyers USS Southerland (DDR-743) and USS Hanson (DDR-832), for the 21st commemoration of the Battle of the Coral Sea at Sydney, Australia. As the task force neared Sydney, Buchanan detached on 27 April and steamed independently for Melbourne, Australia. After the festivities in Sydney concluded, she rendezvoused with Coral Sea and the newly formed Task Group 77.6 en route to Guam on 13 May. Over the next two months, Buchanan accompanied TF 77.6 to Guam (22–26 May), Naval Station Subic Bay (27 May–1 June) and Manila, Philippines (25–29 June), Hong Kong (13–20 June), and Yokosuka (9–15 July) and Sasebo, Japan (22–29 July 1963). On 5 August, she tested her Tartar missiles in the Okinawa Missile Range before putting into Okinawa (9–12 August), Beppu (22–26), and Iwakuni, Japan (26–26 August). Afterward she returned to Yokosuka (7–21 September) for upkeep, giving her crew well deserved time for rest and recreation. Buchanan returned to Sasebo (2–3 October) and Yokosuka (9–16 October) before putting into Subic Bay in the Philippines on 21 October. She departed Subic Bay to make a port call at Hong Kong on 29 October.

While at Hong Kong, the weary destroyer's rest was abruptly cut short. On 1 November 1963, members of the Republic of Vietnam military staged a coup against the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem. In response, the U.S. Navy deployed a flotilla off the mouth of the Mekong River for the potential evacuation of American citizens and service members. As part of this operation, Buchanan departed Hong Kong escorting the aircraft carrier USS Hancock (CVA-19) with Southerland and USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729) on 2 November. The coup had ended with assassination of Diệm, his brother Ngȏ Ðình Nhu, and Col. Hồ Tần Quyền, the commander of the Vietnamese navy. With reassurance from the new leadership under General Dương Văn Minh that order had been restored and alliances unchanged, the Navy reduced its presence off of South Vietnam. Buchanan departed the area on 5 November for Subic Bay. On 15 November 1963 she left Subic Bay for San Diego arriving on 27 November. After the holidays, Buchanan operated out of San Diego before moving to the San Francisco Naval Shipyard at Hunters Point, California (USA), for overhaul (7 May–22 September). Several days after emerging from overhaul, she rejoined Destroyer Squadron 15 to participate in fleet exercise "Union Square" (28 September – 1 October 1964).

Vietnam War
On 5 January 1965 Buchanan departed with destroyers USS Chevalier (DD-805), USS Rowan (DD-782) and USS Black (DD-666) for Pearl Harbor. She left for Subic Bay on 13 January with USS England (DLG-22), USS Dale (DLG-19), USS Hamner (DD-718), USS Wiltsie (DD-716), and Chevalier, putting into their destination on 26 January. On 1 February Buchanan began her tour of duty patrolling, providing escort and plane guard services in the South China Sea. As the situation worsened in Southeast Asia, President Lyndon B. Johnson began increasing the number of American troops in South Vietnam. On 8 March 1965 the 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade landed at Da Nang.

In between operations Buchanan visited Yokosuka (28 April–7 May, 18–26 June, and 23–26 July), Hong Kong (9–13 June and 16–19 July), Subic Bay (14 June), and Okinawa (28 June). On 27 July 1965 Buchanan set course for home. She stopped at Pearl Harbor for a few days (2–3 August) before mooring at San Diego on 9 August. In mid-September, the destroyer entered Long Beach for overhaul (16 September–11 November) then spent the rest of the year conducting local operations. For her time in the South China Sea, Buchanan was awarded Armed Services Expeditionary Forces Medal for supporting air strike operations over Vietnam.

During the early months of 1966 Buchanan operated out of her homeport conducting routine operations in the eastern Pacific. During April the destroyer participated in the fleet exercise "Gray Ghost" (12–22 April 1966). In June she was steaming for the western Pacific with Black and Southerland for another six-month deployment (11 June–21 December). On 1 July, Buchanan operated as a plane guard in Dixie Station, off the Mekong delta, for the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid (CVS-11) as her aircraft executed air strikes in South Vietnam. Buchanan then moved north for operations in Yankee Station off Da Nang and the coast of North Vietnam (7–21 July). She broke from her combat operations to serve as the flagship of the United States Seventh Fleet during a port visit to Bangkok, Thailand, on 25–29 July 1966. Over the next several months, Buchanan alternated her operations between Yankee and Dixie stations. Wrapping up combat duty, she put into Hong Kong for a few days' rest (21–26 November) before working her way home via Okinawa (28–29 November), Yokosuka (1–4 December), and Pearl Harbor (15 December). She put into San Diego on 21 December 1966 where she remained until shifting to Long Beach Naval Shipyard for overhaul (15 March–5 August 1967), returning to San Diego for sea trials, refresher training for her crew, and local operations.

1967 collision
While underway in a column formation with Southerland on the night of 14 September 1967 Buchanan collided with fishing vessel Holiday. The civilian craft claimed that the destroyer was at fault for the collision and that the Navy was culpable for the resulting damages. An ensuing investigation determined that Buchanan was the vessel with the right of way and that Holiday bore the burden to avoid the collision. Lookouts on the destroyer also indicated in subsequent interviews that there was no one in the fishing boat's wheel house at the time of the collision. The sailors' accounts also reported bright lights on the stern of Holiday and seeing crew members working on deck, perhaps preparing bait. Although all indications exonerated Buchanan, the ship's crew clearly made errors that contributed to the accident. It was revealed that the officer of the deck lacked the experience and training to properly handle the situation. Lt. Victor J. Monteleon was qualified to command the ship while she operated independently but not certified to operate in formation with other ships. At the time of the accident, the sea was calm with visibility estimated to have been better than 12 km. The destroyer was steaming in a darkened condition with her navigation lights burning. As the vessels converged, Buchanan's Combat Information Center properly and continually reported Holiday's position, speed and bearing. Monteleon served as the junior officer of the deck, and Lt. Thomas S. Ballard, USNR, were also tracking Holiday visually from the port wing. The two officers discussed changing course but took no action. Once Monteleon realized that a collision was imminent, he ordered the conn to right full rudder with all engines ahead at full speed. The Navy investigation determined that, although the destroyer had the right of way, Monteleon had committed several grievous errors. The most serious was the failure to notify his commanding officer, Capt. William A. Spencer, of the situation. According to Spencer's night orders, he was to be notified of any visual or radar contacts within 5 mi of the ship. Additionally, Monteleon failed to take action to avoid the collision. He also did not sound a danger signal, an option provided to him in accordance to the rules of the road. As the legalities were being sorted out, Buchanan went about her schedule. On 3 November she entered Hunters Point for alterations until 20 December 1967. Buchanan spent the rest of the year in San Diego on holiday leave and preparing for another deployment. Buchanan departed San Diego for Southeast Asia on 27 January 1968. During her deployment, she participated in Operation Sea Dragon (25 October 1966 – 31 October 1968) to disrupt the flow of supplies going from North Vietnam to support communist operations in South Vietnam. She also provided naval gunfire support (NGFS) to ground troops fighting in South Vietnam, most notably during the first phase of the Tet Offensive and the Battle of Huế (30 January – 3 March 1968). During one tour providing NGFS, Buchanan came under fire from an enemy shore battery on 29 May. The ship sustained shrapnel damage to the heating and cooling system of the No. 1 cell of her ASROC launcher. Several of her antennae and electrical cables were damaged but no crewmembers were harmed. In response, Buchanan silenced the enemy position with 20 rounds from her 5-inch guns. In addition to her gunnery operations, Buchanan also served as plane guard in Gulf of Tonkin for USS Kitty Hawk (CVA-63) (5–11 and 14–18 March), USS Enterprise (CVAN-65), and USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) (15–17 May), in addition to USS America (CVA-66) and USS Bon Homme Richard (CVA-31) (20 June–1 July 1968). Buchanan retired to Subic Bay (9–17 June) for battle damage repairs after another tour providing NGFS to the I Corps Tactical Zone (30 May–7 June). During her time in the western Pacific, Buchanan was afforded a little rest and recreation at Hong Kong (7–11 May, 16–21 July) and Yokosuka, Japan (26–28 July) before setting a course home, stopping at Midway Atoll on 2 August and Pearl Harbor on 5 August along the way. Once back in San Diego on 11 August 1968, her sailors were granted post-deployment leave for four weeks. On 18 March 1969 Buchanan was once again underway for the western Pacific with Bon Homme Richard, USS Rowan (DD-782), Chevalier, and Southerland. During this deployment, the destroyer once again served as a plane guard for Ticonderoga in the Gulf of Tonkin (8–24 May) and provided NGFS for troops in the I and II Corps Tactical Zones. Her guns supported the men of the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment and the 173rd Airborne Brigade in the area of Da Nang (16 June–16 July 1969). During these operations Buchanan sent more than five thousand 127 mm shells downrange toward the enemy. Buchanan made several port calls for upkeep and rest for her weary crewmen at Subic Bay (30 April–8 May, 2–4 September), Sasebo (28 May–8 June, 5–16 August, 25–30 August) and Hong Kong (18–24 July) before steaming for San Diego on 4 September 1969. Once back at her home port on 18 September, Buchanan underwent a survey and inspection (24–26 November), ending the year working with destroyer tender USS Samuel Gompers (AD-37).

Buchanan spent the first half of 1970 operating in the relative calm of the eastern Pacific. She continued tender duty with Samuel Gompers (1–3 January) and USS Dixie (AD-14) (3–6 April). Installation of her new SAMID system began on 4 January and was completed by 1 February after which she put to sea to provide plane guard services for Bon Homme Richard (6–9 February). It was not until 13 July 1970 that Buchanan was once again deployed to the western Pacific and Southeast Asia. Once at Yankee Station, she returned to providing plane guard for Bon Homme Richard. During 9–19 August, the team joined anti-submarine warfare support aircraft carrier USS Shangri-La (CVS-38). Several months later (21 October–5 November), Buchanan again steamed with Shangri-La. Between plane guard and escort duties, Buchanan provided NGFS for the US Army's Americal Division, 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized), and 1st Marine Division in the I Corps Tactical Zone (15 September–6 October). She shifted south to the IV Corps region, off the Mekong River delta, to provide gunnery support to the South Vietnamese 9th and 21st Divisions (19 November–1 December 1970). Buchanan's sailors didn't spend their entire deployment in the combat zone. They were given slight respites with several visits to Subic Bay, the longest being for upkeep (21 August–1 September, 1–10 October) before returning to combat duty. The crew also had the opportunity for rest and recreation at Hong Kong (13–18 October) and Singapore (9–19 November). On 4 December 1970, Buchanan set a course for her homeport from Subic Bay, making stops at Guam on 7 December, Midway on 12 December, and Pearl Harbor (14–15 December). She arrived at San Diego on 20 December 1970, giving her crew holiday leave and undergoing upkeep until 25 January 1971.

During 1971 Buchanan remained in the eastern Pacific. She operated with USS Midway (CVA-41), fleet ballistic missile submarine USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630), and submarine USS Hawkbill (SSN-666) (25 January–9 February), making a brief visit to Naval Station Treasure Island, California (26–28 January). She put in for an overhaul at San Francisco Naval Shipyard (22 April–3 September 1971). Buchanan returned to her homeport for sea trials (18–17 September), Refresher Training (18 October–9 December) and local operations for the rest of 1971.

1972 combat
Buchanan departed for the western Pacific on 17 February 1972 with Kitty Hawk and USS Everett F. Larson (DD-830). She returned to combat duty off Vietnam on 17 March 1972. On 30 March, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) launched the Easter Offensive, sending invading forces to attack multiple locations in South Vietnam. In response, the U.S. initiated Operation Freedom Train, to strike targets in southern North Vietnam and the invading forces. On 1 April, Buchanan, in concert with guided missile destroyer USS Joseph Strauss (DDG-16) provided gunnery support to cover the withdrawal of the South Vietnamese 57th Regiment from Firebase Gio Linh, near Ðông Hà. The position fell into the enemy hands where it remained for the duration of the war. As the PAVN advanced, attention shifted to the defense of Ðông Hà on 2 April. On the ground, Captain John W. Ripley, USMC, an advisor with the 3rd Vietnam Marine Corps Battalion, coordinated NGFS along with 1st Lt. Joel Eisentein, USMC, commander of Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company 1–2. The offshore task force provided one hour of sustained fire on two bridges being used by enemy troops to push back allied forces. In the heat of battle, Capt. Ripley sighted four enemy amphibious light tanks, Soviet-made PT-76, moving along the Cam Lo riverbank east of Ðông Hà. Ripley called in the coordinates to the task force. Buchanan and her compatriots quickly shifted their fire on to the new targets with great results. According to Ripley, "we could see them burning clearly. My counterparts, the marine battalion commander and the tank battalion commander, were both observing this superb display of naval gunfire. When the tanks were hit and burning, both were surprised and elated in seeing the potential of naval gunfire. I was to receive many requests for naval gunfire by the Vietnamese after this attack." Ripley sent a letter to the skipper of the Buchanan, CDR William James Thearle, on 8 September 1972 describing the NGF support received during the operation.

On 17 April 1972 Buchanan moved north to shell the vital bridges around the city of Vinh in North Vietnam, in company with USS George K. Mackenzie (DD-836) and Hamner. Around midday, George K. Mackenzie shifted her fire toward an observation tower she had spotted on the island Hon Mat. Shortly afterward, two enemy patrol boats, presumed to be Shanghai-class motorboats, appeared in the vicinity around Dao Bien Island. George K. Mackenzie fired on the approaching boats causing them to reverse course and retreat. Just over ten minutes later, Buchanan began taking fire from a shore battery. A shell airburst put a two and half foot hole in the destroyer. SN Leonard R. Davis was killed. Lt. Robert S Nemmers, Supply Corps, SA Vincent G. Guerrero, SD3 Primicitis V. Beltran, EM Frederick J. Shortreed Jr., GM3 Danny K. Hammond, and CS3 Frank S. Musiol were wounded. Shropshire's wound to one of his feet was severe enough for him to be transferred to guided missile cruiser USS Chicago (CG-11) for further treatment. The body of Seaman Davis was also transferred to Chicago. For her remaining time in Southeast Asia, Buchanan served as a picket ship and plane guard supporting the air strikes associated with Operation Linebacker (2 May–23 October 1972). On 29 August the destroyer put into Hong Kong (28 August–4 September) for some rest before beginning her long voyage home.

The battle worn destroyer returned to her home port on 25 September 1972, where she conducted local operations until redeploying to Vietnam on 25 July 1973. In the Gulf of Tonkin, Buchanan provided escort services for USS Oriskany (CVA-34) and served as an antiaircraft picket ship (13 September – 26 October 1973). She also made port calls to Kaohsiung, Taiwan (24 September – 1 October) and Mombasa, Kenya (22–26 December). Continuing her deployment in into 1974, Buchanan visited Singapore (7–11 January), Hong Kong (2–7 February), Kaohsiung (9–10 February), and Yokosuka (15–19 February). Bringing the deployment to a close, Buchanan got underway for San Diego on 22 February 1974. With heavy weather slowing her trip home, she did not arrive until 8 March. The ship remained in the eastern Pacific for the rest of the year making only two port calls to Santa Barbara, California (28 June – 1 July), for the Santa Barbara Sports Festival, and San Francisco (26–29 September), ending the year with holiday leave (14–31 December 1974).

1975–1991
The first six months of 1975, Buchanan moved to Long Beach Naval Shipyard for an overhaul. During this period, her 127 mm guns and ASROC launchers were removed along with her aging Mark X Identification Friend or Foe, SAMID, and other communications equipment. The latter were replaced with a new Mark III Advanced Information Management System and up-to-date communications gear. On 28 June 1975, Buchanan underwent sea trials, tests and training to ensure she was quickly back up to fighting condition. The destroyer and her crew went on holiday leave to close out the year (19–31 December 1975). On the first day of 1976, Buchanan moved back to Long Beach for some final touches to her overhaul then remained close to home conducting routine operations for the entirety of 1976.

On 11 April 1977 Buchanan once again set a course for the western Pacific with USS Constellation (CV-64), and USS John S. McCain (DDG-36), along with frigates USS Brooke (FFG-1), USS Bagley (FF-1069), and USS Roark (FF-1053). After a brief stop at Pearl Harbor (19–20 April), she steamed with her companions for Subic Bay. While en route, Buchanan came alongside ammunition ship USS Shasta (AE-33) for replenishment. After the resupply began, Buchanan lost power in her aft engineering plant causing the ship to execute an emergency breakaway. A span wire between the vessels did not release so Shasta's deck crew cut it away. The trailing cable wound around the destroyer's port shaft damaging the rope guard. The shaft was locked and divers were deployed to remove the cable. Unable to free the shaft, she was rerouted to Naval Base Guam for repairs (3–15 May 1977). Buchanan departed Guam on 16 May and was able to rejoin her task force in the South China Sea for "MAULEX 3–77", a joint American-Philippine amphibious exercise. Buchanan supplied simulated gunfire support for the insertion of reconnaissance teams. A few days later, she joined in a joint anti-submarine warfare exercise with the Republic of China Navy (30 May–3 June) and then posed as a Soviet missile cruiser during "MULTIPLEX 5–77" (18–25 June). That same month, the destroyer got to show off her Tartar missiles system by shooting down two drones, one of which she recorded as a direct hit (26–28 June). Buchanan took part in one last multinational exercise, "SEA SIAM VI" (19–21 July) before tying up at Subic Bay for maintenance and repairs (29 July–21 August 1977). After the long break, she threw lines and headed back to sea to make a port call to Hong Kong (24–28 August 1977). Returning to duty, Buchanan participated in exercises "MULTIPLEX 7–77" (26–29 September) and "ASWEX J1-78" (28 October–1 November). She also served as a screen ship for Constellation (6–26 September) and provided escort service in the East China Sea (30 September–2 October) and in the northern Sea of Japan (25–27 October). Despite her busy schedule, Buchanan was afforded some breaks to visit Kaohsiung (27–28 May), Pattaya Beach, Thailand (14–18 July), Fukuoka, Japan (3–6 October 1977). While in Fukuoka, the ship opened her decks to the public and members of the crew paid a goodwill visit to a local orphanage. After one last port call at Yokosuka (2–5 November), Buchanan steamed for home, arriving on 21 November and staying in port for the rest of 1977.

The following year was comparatively quiet for Buchanan as she spent nearly the entirety of 1978 operating along the California coast when not in port at San Diego. On 20 May her crew's dependents observed the destroyer in action while underway for a Family Cruise day. Venturing north, she made a brief port call to Seattle (27–29 May). In early November, Buchanan steamed out of American waters to visit Mazatlán, Mexico (3–5 November 1978). On her final day at the Mexican port town (5 November), an estimated 500 bales of cotton caught fire on the waterfront. Buchanan's sailors leapt into action and helped extinguish the blaze. The local U.S. Consul and Defense Attaché Office in Mexico City commended the crew for their service to the local community. Buchanan returned to the U.S. to end the year with holiday leave (16–31 December 1978).

On 20 February 1979 Buchanan was underway once again for the western Pacific. While en route to Pearl Harbor (2–4 March), a companion guided missile frigate Brooke, suffered a failure to her main steam condenser. Buchanan came to the aid of the disabled frigate by towing her for two-and-a-half days while she was repaired. After a stop at Pearl Harbor, Buchanan and her companions moved to Guam (19–28 March). On 29 March, she was underway to serve as an observer for the test launch of three UGM-27 Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Over the next several months, Buchanan participated in multiple exercises off the Korean Peninsula (7–10 May), Okinawa (16–23 July) and in the Tasman Sea (18–23 August 1979). She also made several port visits putting into Hong Kong (19–24 May), Chinae (5–6 June) and Busan, Korea (10–15 June), before mooring at Yokosuka for upkeep and maintenance ( 18 June–5 July 1979). In early August, Buchanan opened her decks to the public while at Port Ville, New Hebrides, Vanuatu (6–9 August). In three days the destroyer received of over 500 visitors. Afterward she stopped at Auckland, New Zealand (13–17 August) before tying up at Pago Pago, American Samoa, on 28 August. The following day, Buchanan was underway for Pearl Harbor (28 August–3 September) where she embarked family members for a Tiger Cruise back to San Diego (3–9 September 1979). On 8 November, she began the first phase of an overhaul at San Diego.

To continue her overhaul, Buchanan moved to Long Beach on 1 January 1980. During this period (1 January–26 November), the destroyers guns and missile launchers were reworked. Harpoon anti-ship missile and Super Rapid Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) systems were installed. The addition of SRBOC to Buchanan provided her with state-of-the-art chaff and infrared countermeasures for defense against missile attacks. Following her overhaul, she remained in local waters conducting routine operations, training, and sea trials. On 19 September 1981, the destroyer set a course for the western Pacific with supply ship USS Mars (AFS-1), ammunition ship USS Haleakala (AE-25), frigate USS Harold E. Holt (FF-1074) and destroyer USS O'Brien (DD-975). The formation arrived at Subic Bay on 17 October 1981. Buchanan took part in training operations in the Sea of Siam (3–6 November), Sea of Japan (9–22 December) and gunnery exercises at Tabones Island, Philippines (16–19 November). In between duty, she visited Sattahip (2 November) and Pattaya, Thailand (7–10 November). When she was in port at Pusan (5–8 December), sailors from Buchanan and Holt delivered food and clothing to a local orphanage as part of Operation Handclasp. Buchanan also visited Sasebo (15–19 and 22–26 December) before mooring at Hong Kong to celebrate the New Year on 31 December 1981. Buchanan began 1982 with gunnery training at Tabones Island on 11 January. She put into Singapore for a brief rest (20–24 January) before returning to sea for more exercises until 11 March when she steamed toward home. Buchanan arrived at San Diego on 23 March 1982. She returned to Asia again on 2 April 1983 where she operated in the China and Philippine seas (2 April–31 July). On 1 August she was underway with battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62) for Pearl Harbor. From Hawaii, the destroyer and her mighty companion steamed to Rodman Naval Station, Panama (17 August–1 September 1983). Buchanan provided escort services to U.S. Army landing craft underway to Honduras (2–8 September). Wrapping up her deployment, she made her way home to San Diego (9–17 September) where she immediately entered a period of upkeep and giving her crew leave to be with their families. After only a few periods at sea, Buchanan was placed on restricted availability for the rest of the year on 23 November 1983.

After spending the first five months of 1984 operating out of San Diego, Buchanan moved to Hawaiian waters to take part in Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) '84, anti-submarine warfare exercises and missile tests. (30 May–15 August). She returned to San Diego and began preparing for deployment on 18 October. In December, Buchanan was steaming in the Sea of Japan. She put into Hong Kong (5–7 December) and spent the holidays at Subic Bay (18 December 1984 – 12 January 1985). In February Buchanan found herself in the middle of a diplomatic confrontation between New Zealand and the United States.

1985 Dispute with New Zealand
In February, 1985 a port visit request by the United States for Buchanan was refused by New Zealand, as Buchanan was capable of launching nuclear depth bomb-equipped ASROCs. Following the victory of the New Zealand Labour Party led by David Lange at elections in 1984, the Parliament of New Zealand enacted a law which barred nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships from using New Zealand ports, citing the dangers of nuclear weapons and continued nuclear testing in the South Pacific. Given that the United States Navy refused to confirm or deny the presence of nuclear weapons aboard ships, these laws in effect refused access to New Zealand ports for all ships of the United States Navy.

After consultations with Australia and after negotiations with New Zealand broke down, the United States announced that it was suspending its ANZUS treaty obligations to New Zealand until United States Navy ships were readmitted to New Zealand ports, citing that New Zealand was "a friend, but not an ally".

Despite these troubles, Buchanan continued her busy schedule unabated. She participated in multiple regional exercises in the South China Sea and the Sea of Siam (21 January–26 April 1985). While departing Sydney, she was once again involved in an anti-nuclear controversy. As Buchanan was steaming out of the port in a column formation with 13 other vessels, an ultralight aircraft dove on her to drop a "paint bomb." The assailant missed the target and was later taken into custody by Australian authorities. Buchanan rounded out her deployment with port calls to Brisbane, Australia (14–17 March), Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, on 22 March, Subic Bay (2–21 April), and Manila, Philippines (27–28). She returned to Subic Bay on 30 April for upkeep before departing for Pearl Harbor on 12 May. Buchanan arrived at San Diego on 25 May and conducted local operations until shifting to Long Beach to begin another overhaul on 5 August 1985.

With her overhaul completed on 17 June, Buchanan was put through her paces in the eastern Pacific for all of 1986. During 18 June–31 July, she underwent several inspections and took part in training exercises. On 26 July, the destroyer tested her weapons at the Nanoose Range, British Columbia. Buchanan was allowed a few breaks while away from her homeport during visits at the Canadian cities Vancouver (16–20 July) and Esquimalt on 30 July. In between these visits, she stopped at Bangor, Washington (26–28 July) for upkeep before steaming back to San Diego on 31 July 1986, where she remained for the rest of the year.

While Buchanan lay at San Diego (1 January–13 July 1987) she celebrated her 25th birthday on 6 February. During this time she also prepared to be deployed the western Pacific once again but this time with a different destination. Instead of her usual stomping grounds, the destroyer was headed to the Arabian Sea. As the Iran–Iraq War raged on, Iran had become a threat to Kuwaiti oil tankers in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. In response to threat, the U.S. executed Operation Earnest Will to provide protection to the tankers and ensure that commercial shipping lanes remained open. Buchanan departed San Diego on 14 July 1987 as a member of Battle Force Echo with USS Ranger (CV-61). The battle force put into Subic Bay (10–12 August) and Singapore (16–19 August) before arriving on station in the North Arabian Sea on 25 August. During her time in the region, Buchanan visited Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory (8–16 September), Mogadishu, Somalia (20–21 October) and Victoria, Seychelles (25–29 October 1987). On 14 November, the destroyer began work her way back to the eastern Pacific stopping at Phuket, Thailand (18–23 November), Penang, Malaysia (24–26 November), Hong Kong (2–6 December), and Subic Bay (9–11 December). She arrived in San Diego just in time to celebrate the New Year on 30 December 1987. After spending the next 13 months in the eastern Pacific and the Southern California Operations area (1 January 1988 – 24 February 1989), Buchanan departed for what would be her last deployment to the western Pacific. She returned to the North Arabian Sea to rejoin Earnest Will on 3 June 1989. Buchanan spent only few days in the area, departing on 14 June to return home. By 24 August 1989, she was back at San Diego. Buchanan spent the rest of the year operating off the Californian coast and took part in Fleet Week at San Francisco on 7–11 October. With her career winding down, the venerable destroyer remained in the eastern Pacific. On 26 February, she was at the Nanoose Range for Project 371 torpedo test (26 February–1 and 7–8 March). During the spring and summer of 1990, Buchanan took part in drug interdiction patrols along the U.S. western seaboard. She put into Tacoma, Washington, for the 75th Annual Daffodil Festival (6–10 April) and represented the national "Just Say No To Drugs" campaign at Portland, Oregon (11–13 May 1990).

While back in her homeport, Buchanan hosted HMS Ariadne (F72), when the British frigate visited San Diego (29 May–4 June). On 4 August, she got underway for a dependents cruise with Ranger to exhibit operations after which she remained in port for the rest of 1990. Buchanan never returned to sea under her own power. From 1 January until 1 October 1991, she served as a training ship for SEAL Team One and SEAL Team Five to practice boarding operations while she underwent preparations to be decommissioned. On 1 October, Buchanan was decommissioned alongside USS Lynde McCormick (DDG-8) and USS Robison (DDG-12). She was towed to Hawaii on 15 October and was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 November 1992.

Decommissioning and fate
Buchanan was decommissioned on 1 October 1991 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 November 1992. On 13 June 2000 she was allocated to be sunk as a target during RIMPAC 2000 as part of Operation SINKEX. She remained afloat after being hit by three AGM-114 Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, three Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and a 2400 lb laser-guided bomb in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii. She finally was scuttled on 14 June 2000 by the detonation of 200 lb of explosives that had been placed aboard her. She lay 64 miles off Hawaii in a depth of 2540 fathom.

title: USS Buchanan (DDG-14)