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Max (software)

Max, also known as Max/MSP/Jitter, is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74. Over its more than thirty-year history, it has been used by composers, performers, software designers, researchers, and artists to create recordings, performances, and installations.

The Max program is modular, with most routines existing as shared libraries. An application programming interface (API) allows third-party development of new routines (named external objects). Thus, Max has a large user base of programmers unaffiliated with Cycling '74 who enhance the software with commercial and non-commercial extensions to the program. Because of this extensible design, which simultaneously represents both the program's structure and its graphical user interface (GUI), Max has been described as the lingua franca for developing interactive music performance software.

History
1980s: Miller Puckette began work on Max in 1985, at the Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris. Originally called The Patcher, this first version provided composers with a graphical interface for creating interactive computer music scores on the Macintosh. At this point in its development Max couldn't perform its own real-time sound synthesis in software, but instead sent control messages to external hardware synthesizers and samplers using MIDI or a similar protocol. Its earliest widely recognized use in composition was for Pluton, a 1988 piano and computer piece by Philippe Manoury; the software synchronized a computer to a piano and controlled a Sogitec 4X for audio processing.

In 1989, IRCAM developed Max/FTS ("Faster Than Sound"), a version of Max ported to the IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW) for the NeXT. Also known as "Audio Max", it would prove a forerunner to Max's MSP audio extensions, adding the ability to do real-time synthesis using an internal hardware digital signal processor (DSP) board. The same year, IRCAM licensed the software to Opcode Systems.

1990s: Opcode launched a commercial version named Max in 1990, developed and extended by David Zicarelli. However, by 1997, Opcode was considering cancelling it. Instead, Zicarelli acquired the publishing rights and founded a new company, Cycling '74, to continue commercial development. The timing was fortunate, as Opcode was acquired by Gibson Guitar in 1998 and ended operations in 1999.

IRCAM's in-house Max development was also winding down; the last version produced there was jMax, a direct descendant of Max/FTS developed in 1998 for Silicon Graphics (SGI) and later for Linux systems. It used Java for its graphical interface and C for its real-time backend, and was eventually released as open-source software.

Meanwhile, Puckette had independently released a fully redesigned open-source composition tool named Pure Data (Pd) in 1996, which, despite some underlying engineering differences from the IRCAM versions, continued in the same tradition. Cycling '74's first Max release, in 1997, was derived partly from Puckette's work on Pure Data. Called Max/MSP ("Max Signal Processing", or the initials Miller Smith Puckette), it remains the most notable of Max's many extensions and incarnations: it made Max capable of manipulating real-time digital audio signals without dedicated DSP hardware. This meant that composers could now create their own complex synthesizers and effects processors using only a general-purpose computer like the Macintosh PowerBook G3.

In 1999, the Netochka Nezvanova collective released NATO.0+55+3d, a suite of externals that added extensive real-time video control to Max.

2000s: Though NATO.0+55+3d became increasingly popular among multimedia artists, its development stopped abruptly in 2001. SoftVNS, another set of extensions for visual processing in Max, was released in 2002 by Canadian media artist David Rokeby. Cycling '74 released their own set of video extensions, Jitter, alongside Max 4 in 2003, adding real-time video, OpenGL graphics, and matrix processing capabilities. Max 4 was also the first version to run on Windows. Max 5, released in 2008, redesigned the patching GUI for the first time in Max's commercial history.

2010s: In 2011, Max 6 added a new audio engine compatible with 64-bit operating systems, integration with Ableton Live sequencer software, and an extension called Gen, which can compile optimized Max patches for higher performance. Max 7 was released in 2014 and focused on 3D rendering improvements.

On June 6, 2017, Ableton announced its purchase of Cycling '74, with Max continuing to be published by Cycling '74 and David Zicarelli remaining with the company.

On September 25, 2018 Max 8, the most recent major version of the software, was released. Some of the new features include MC, a new way to work with multiple channels, JavaScript support with Node for Max, and Vizzie 2.

Language
Max is named after composer Max Mathews, and can be considered a descendant of his MUSIC language, though its graphical nature disguises that fact. Like most MUSIC-N languages, Max distinguishes between two levels of time: that of an event scheduler, and that of the DSP (this corresponds to the distinction between k-rate and a-rate processes in Csound, and control rate vs. audio rate in SuperCollider).

The basic language of Max and its sibling programs is that of a data-flow system: Max programs (named patches) are made by arranging and connecting building-blocks of objects within a patcher, or visual canvas. These objects act as self-contained programs (in reality, they are dynamically linked libraries), each of which may receive input (through one or more visual inlets), generate output (through visual outlets), or both. Objects pass messages from their outlets to the inlets of connected objects.

Max supports six basic atomic data types that can be transmitted as messages from object to object: int, float, list, symbol, bang, and signal (for MSP audio connections). Several more complex data structures exist within the program for handling numeric arrays (table data), hash tables (coll data), XML information (pattr data), and JSON-based dictionaries (dict data). An MSP data structure (buffer~) can hold digital audio information within program memory. In addition, the Jitter package adds a scalable, multi-dimensional data structure for handling large sets of numbers for storing video and other datasets (matrix data).

Max is typically learned through acquiring a vocabulary of objects and how they function within a patcher; for example, the metro object functions as a simple metronome, and the random object generates random integers. Most objects are non-graphical, consisting only of an object's name and several arguments-attributes (in essence class properties) typed into an object box. Other objects are graphical, including sliders, number boxes, dials, table editors, pull-down menus, buttons, and other objects for running the program interactively. Max/MSP/Jitter comes with about 600 of these objects as the standard package; extensions to the program can be written by third-party developers as Max patchers (e.g. by encapsulating some of the functionality of a patcher into a sub-program that is itself a Max patch), or as objects written in C, C++, Java, or JavaScript.

The order of execution for messages traversing through the graph of objects is defined by the visual organization of the objects in the patcher itself. As a result of this organizing principle, Max is unusual in that the program logic and the interface as presented to the user are typically related, though newer versions of Max provide several technologies for more standard GUI design.

Max documents (named patchers) can be bundled into stand-alone applications and distributed free or sold commercially. In addition, Max can be used to author audio and MIDI plugin software for Ableton Live through the Max for Live extension.

With the increased integration of laptop computers into live music performance (in electronic music and elsewhere), Max/MSP and Max/Jitter have received attention as a development environment available to those serious about laptop music/video performance. Programs sharing Max's visual programming concepts are now commonly used for real-time audio and video synthesis and processing.

title: Max (software)


text:
Talk:History of Seattle before 1900

References needed
Does anyone have materials from the Chinese perspective on the events of 1885-86? I can't even find the names of prominent Chinese in Seattle at that time, although I know that a few were even rather wealthy.

Similarly, does anyone have materials from the Native perspective on the events of this period? I suspect there is something out there, but I haven't seen much beyond "Chief Seattle's Reply", which is, of course, of dubious authorship. -- Jmabel 06:34, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Style
"inhabit": The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
 * Inhabit \In*hab"it\, v. i.
 * To have residence in a place; to dwell; to live; to abide.
 * Inhabit \In*hab"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Inhabited}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Inhabiting}.] [OE. nhabiten, OF. enhabiter, L. inhabitare; pref. in- in + habitare to dwell. See {Habit}.]
 * To live or dwell in; to occupy, as a place of settled residence; as, wild beasts inhabit the forest; men inhabit cities and houses. [Emphasis added]
 * [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 2.0
 * v 1: make one's home or live in; "She resides officially in Iceland"; "I live in a 200-year old house"; "These people inhabited all the islands that are now deserted"; "The plains are parsely populated" [syn: {dwell}, {shack}, {reside}, {live}, {people}, {populate}, {domicile}, {domiciliate}]
 * 2: be present in; be inside of [syn: {occupy}]

 * Why are you copying dictionary entries here? --Lukobe 17:19, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Citation of source that the word is appropriately used in its context. --GoDot 07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think we all know what "inhabit" means. --Lukobe 17:18, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * There was a recent point raised about whether "inhabit" constitutes settling, for example building the city, but upon searching I found I don't recall just where. --03:30, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

"White" is already being used consistently, so for continuity, the term is used to describe the people of predominantly European ancestry.

"[A]s Bill Speidel points out," is a pointed historical commentary on the unwillingness or inability of early San Francisco to establish sufficient city services for the general welfare—such as effective building codes, an adequate fire department, and adequate utilities such as water. The turn of phrase is more true to the source cited by the Wikipedia editor. This economy also had a pointed effect upon the available forest resources.

"First fire. The Indians fired back, small arms", is in the style of a dispatch. The paragraph is a vignette of an act in a passionate scene. It is implicit, as the story unfolds, that the contest was so lopsided as to be absurd if not tragic. Native Americans warred for complicated conceptions of prestige and for resources, and did not comprehend the European war for conquest or annihilation. [Holm in Hoxie, ed. (1996)]

 * Wikipedia is not a dispatch. --Lukobe 17:19, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * In this context, the style of the passage communicates more, effectively. The event itself is relatively anomalous. Language rules are guides, not commandments in stone.

 * True, but whether your style communicates more effectively is up for debate. --Lukobe 17:18, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

"The defenses were based on" is more accurate in that the decisive defense was not provided by the dauntless pioneers.

"A few things do seem clear". In a list without subordinate clauses, commas are the conventional delineators; semicolons are conventional when there are subordinate qualifying clauses, such as this one. In a list without subordinate clauses, delineating with semicolons can be less readable since a more definitive pause is implicit to no definitive purpose. AFAIK (as far as I know) both are acceptable in this usage.

"pp. 31–51" "The en dash (-) is slightly longer than the hyphen [...] It indicates duration, such as when you could substitute the word "to" (as in a range of dates). An en dash placed between numbers or in compounds does not have spaces around it." [ Manual of Style (dashes) ]

"Page ranges should use an "en dash" (-, –), not a hyphen (-).

It is also useful to link author names to their Wikipedia page [if any], assuming that they have not already been linked to in the article text, to give background information on sources and other works they may have written." [ Citing sources/example style ]

"If a date includes both a month and a day, then the date should normally be linked in order to allow readers' date preferences to work, displaying the reader's chosen format." [ Manual of Style (dates and numbers) ]

Cite templates date: Full date of publication, preferably in ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. 2006-02-17.
 * May be wikilinked.

 * OR: year: Year of publication, and month: Name of the month of publication.
 * If you also have the day, use date [field] instead. Must not be wikilinked [this I don't clearly understand why]. [ Template:Cite_book (Other cite templates are similar.)]

"At the two incorporations," is redundant. That there were two was inferred in the preceeding sentence.

--GoDot 07:09, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

"Cohousing condos" : please see Talk:Cheshiahud --GoDot 03:30, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

SLS&E
"[H]it the jackpot" is per the cited source, a Wikipedia:Reliable source. Cf. random primary source.

Links to years in the 19th century are useful in an encyclopedic sense in that they can facilitate understanding the greater context of what was happening in other cities and in history at the time, increasingly remote from understanding today. [ Only make links that are relevant to the context ].

--GoDot 07:09, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

"(or, as the usage of the period would have it, "Indians")" is illustrative, and is per the source. Why change an edit unless there is a demonstrable reason?

 * It's not necessary. --Lukobe 17:19, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

"Among the University of Washington Libraries: Digital Collections" "Among the", since the sample provided is less than representative.

--GoDot 09:08, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Jmabel replies
I'm not going to try to address every rationale above, and quite a few of your edits are good or harmless, but I am going to remark on some of the edits you made.
 * "The first forays for sites in the area by people of European ancestry" became "the first White forays for sites". For one thing, the first is simply more correct: the people, not the forays, are White or European. But isn't it more important (and more appropriate) to say that they were of European ancestry than to single out skin color? Would we talk about the historic inhabitants as "red-skins" (a perfectly common term at the time)? I think not.
 * The term is per White (people); it is used in the sources; it is used in ethnographic books by the UW Press.

 * "as Bill Speidel remarks" became "as Bill Speidel points out". Please see Words to avoid. No big deal, I guess, but I "remarks" more clearly conforms to Wikipedia style. Speidel is really no authority on the history of San Francisco, though he is excellent on pre-1910 Seattle, despite his light style.
 * The point is that there is a pointed relationship between San Francisco, Seattle history, and resources. The relationship, pointed out by way of example, between economy and resources is profound.

 * "Denny and Edward Lander (the latter was first local federal judge)" became "Denny and Edward Lander (one a first local federal judge)". There was a typo here, and it should have been "Denny and Edward Lander (the latter was the first local federal judge)", but your wording makes it unclear which was the judge.
 * My source did not identify which of Denny and Edward was the judge.
 * Certainly Arthur Denny was never a judge. (Am I wrong in presuming that you know enough Seattle history to know that? If not, how can you possibly evaluate your sources on this period?) It is important to use our sources carefully, but this does not mean that we must fetishize them. By the standard you are stating, one could not extrapolate that an article that referred to "Arthur Denny" once and thereafter to "Denny" meant the same person. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:47, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The telegraphic style of your "In the morning, acting on tip, a shell was lobbed into the forest above the town, what is now First Hill. First fire. The Indians fired back, small arms," is simply not Wikpedia style. It's not necessarily bad writing, but it is completely out of the style of the article, or of articles on history in Wikipedia in general.
 * In this context, the style communicates more with brevity than a longer convention might explain.

 * Yet it remains non-Wikipedian. --Lukobe 17:19, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Please provide references. --GoDot 07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * References not necessary. Do you see this sort of writing in encyclopedias generally? --Lukobe 17:18, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That which is valid can be documented, tested; otherwise it is faith. --GoDot 03:30, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * "ravines-and" became "ravines&mdash;and", which is precisely "ravines—and": why on earth are you removing Unicode characters in favor of HTML entities? I thought we made the decision over a year ago that we were headed the other way. (Similarly in at least one other place, with an en-dash.)
 * I don't know what happened there. Usually the software makes the conversions seamlessly. My copy has "ravines& mdash;and" [space added to force display], which converts to the single em dash character when saved to Wikipedia, "ravines—and". I don't have MediaWiki 1.5

 * "Seattle in its early years relied on the timber industry, shipping logs (and, later, milled timber) to San Francisco. A climax forest about 1,000 years old and towering as high as nearly 400 ft (100 m) covered much of what is now Seattle. Today, none of that size remain anywhere in the world." This is good, but is it so good that we need it twice in the same article, verbatim?
 * A move was intended, rather than inadvertent duplication. Thanks for capturing that.

 * To say, in the place that you say it, that the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern "help[ed] Seattle hit the jackpot with the Northern Pacific" is somewhat misleading. Both "hitting the jackpot" and the chronological order of the mention are problematic: the Northern Pacific eventually did incorporate the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern, but it was many years later.
 * Data is per cited references. The SLS&E was an effective lever in the machinations and intrigue among the robber barons, bankers, and the Seattle Establishment. Seattle got the freight link--at the same rate as Tacoma [Dorpat (1994), ch. 41], and between having one or the other (passengers or freight), that mattered more. Note that this railway development around Seattle actually took place over a relatively short span of years, and so far, ownership of the SLS&E seems to have changed hands at least several times; the NP as well, particularly when including the banks, who were usually the ultimate actual owners. In short, these were diplomatic maneuverings for economic empire played out by corporations; lever and jackpot are good metaphors with multiple meanings. [Add. --07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)]
 * "[A]ll along the line the road's construction caused a tremendous stir... logging camps, mills, mines, and towns sprang into existence as if by magic." [Prosch in Dorpat (1994), ch. 42] Not only the town of Ballard, but new towns like Ross, Fremont, Latona, Brooklyn (now the U District), Yesler (now part of Laurelhurst), boosting Bothell and Gilman (now Issaquah). [Dorpat (1994), ch. 42]. --07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Linking 19th century and (even more so) linking individual years strikes me as useless at best, and more likely distracting. Is there anyone who really needs to follow a link to understand 1882? Is there anything at 1882 that will be particularly revealing? Please see Manual of Style (dates and numbers). It's a bit contentious, but the number of dates you've linked here seems quite excessive to me, and against what has become the prevailing style in recent articles.
 * Linking years is a matter of finding a good balance. Decades might be more revealing of useful context. Some Wikipedia articles are nearly painted blue with rather too many links.
 * Perhaps some link could be found with, say, 4th quarter 19th century railways. Weren't some railoads (RR) on the earliest DJIA (the Dow)? --and what was happening elsewhere across the U.S. and Canada with RR (and what was happening on Wall Street) very much affected RR and Seattle. --09:08, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * To your point, is there any particularly useful reason to link any year? —Other than a seemingly obsolete leftover custom? --07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * "to a lesser extent" became "to a lessor extent". Surely you jest. An extent that leases?
 * That came along inadvertently from a previous version.
 * --GoDot 09:08, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

- Jmabel | Talk 19:44, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Seattle before the city
Seattle before the city

Lukobe, you suggest merging Seattle before the city. As you know, we usually agree, but in this case I think you're wrong. I'd just want to add that as an additional item in the template. Would that be OK with you? Certainly it's an even more distinct era than the three we've sectioned out; we could rename this as History of Seattle 1851-1900, but still keep a small amount of earlier background material here. - Jmabel | Talk 19:07, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That's fine by me. We could rename this as History of Seattle 1851-1900 and change Seattle before the city to History of Seattle Before 1851. --Lukobe 20:53, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Seattle before the city is spun off from Duwamish (tribe) per The non-wikified links in the first paragraph had been left over from when the article was in Duwamish (tribe), on my list for next session. The new article was spun off only to reduce main article size. The article is specifically about the ancestors of the Duwamish Tribe. History before 1900 has and == See also == * Duwamish (tribe), which have  Added

With considered development, the main pages, Duwamish (tribe) and History of Seattle before 1900, could become interesting counterpoints and be particularly revealing as a pair. They already have fairly balanced, but different, perspectives that could further highlight gulfs and bridges, and unanswered questions.
 * We might look at doing something similar with, say, any of the thirteen Washington Territory treaties. --07:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

"This page is 53 kilobytes long. This may be longer than is preferable; see article size."

--GoDot 09:08, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

"then gradually greatly extended"
From the article: "The line was abandoned as a railroad in 1971 with the general decline in rail, and became in 1978 a foot and bicycle route renamed the Burke-Gilman Trail, then gradually greatly extended." More accurately, the original Burke-Gilman Trail followed a portion of the line; both the Burke Gilman and Sammamish River trails today more or less follow the line (although I believe the extension of the Burke-Gilman toward Ballard goes well beyond the original Seattle, Lakeshore, and Eastern); revisions to both over the years have, in places, moved them away from the original trackbed in several places. But the wording here suggests that the original Burke-Gilman covered the entire rail line, and that the Burke-Gilman has been extended significantly beyond that line. - Jmabel | Talk 06:53, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. Yet this is a summary, where brevity is sought. "History of Seattle before 1900" may not need very great detail about this. This text will need polishing for fine clarity, with "See also" as desirable. That would be Wikipedia and cooperative editing.

 * Someone, SDP45, I believe, did a lot of digging for that sort of detail for the SLS&E article. In summary, the B-G Trail generally actually does follow the old SLS&E out to connect with rail trails generally along the SLS&E out past the falls, then to Iron Horse State Park and beyond along the Milwaukee Road. Most all of any changes of route along the B-G Trail itself are tiny, within eyeball of the SLS&E line(s). At the western end, the detail is intricate if not arcane. As you all prob'ly know, the first operation of the SLS&E was between Seattle and Ballard; the SLS&E and heirs made multiple moves, extensions, and modifications further into and through Ballard and Fremont, then the modern bike and pedestrian route has extensions and plans for extending ever farther.
 * In the 19th century and through WWII, railroads were frequently first built on pilings 'cause that was the fastest way to get track laid where the terrain wasn't flat (or dry). After trains were rolling (and heavy materiel could be readily brought), more permanent lines would be laid. So routes would be shifted, sometimes multiple times if warranted, as they were Seattle–Fremont–Ballard and elsewhere. Cf. Ravenna image, foreground.
 * Would something like this bit be helpful at Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway or Burke-Gilman Trail? There are some cool (even famous) examples.
 * I suggest some summary that lends itself to readers looking further to the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway and Burke-Gilman Trail articles, if they wish. My intent has been toward shifting from the SLS&E and the old BNSF lines decaying into decreptitude toward having new life in lines for different forms of transportation. --GoDot 03:30, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, the B-G's deviations are typically only by a few yards, almost never more than about 15 yards; all I was saying is that it doesn't all follow the railbed. - Jmabel | Talk 04:49, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Beds on a line were moved—not uncommonly, even today near rivers and through steep terrain, though less so than before heavy equipment made beds more permanent. The right-of-way usually allowed for that, and the allowance was extended to confiscatory extremes in the eras of Robber Barons : ) --22:21, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd be happier if we removed "then gradually extended": if we are going to speak loosely, let's leave that out, too. - Jmabel | Talk 04:50, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * A good intent could be maintaining being concise without being loose; some polishing of wording could help. A few yards is still within the right-of-way (which is not particulary wide) and so is sufficiently close that meaningful accuracy is not lost; such changes are not extensive with respect to the entire length. Most changes are so small that they are barely detectable, if at all, on route maps. Releveant points are that the line was converted to another active use, the new use essentially follows the original line, the changeover has been gradual (the first segment of the B-G was nominal), and the new use is being integrated into a larger, comprehensive system. Further detail could be made available with an appropriate reference to the Burke-Gilman Trail or SLS&E articles. (A map being needed is noted at SLS&E, the B-G Trail article has detailed links to detailed maps.) --GoDot 22:21, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe it is outside the right-of-way from Gasworks Park to somewhere around Dunn Lumber. - Jmabel | Talk 05:44, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Coalition for Networked Information - Meeting
projects briefing "Using Wikipedia to Meet Information Searchers at Their Point of Need" takes History_of_Seattle_before_1900 as an example, see Handout (MS Word) -- 172.173.98.253 09:04, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:History of Seattle before 1900


text:
Rumpole of the Bailey

Rumpole of the Bailey is a British television series created and written by the British writer and barrister John Mortimer. It starred Leo McKern as Horace Rumpole, a middle-aged London barrister who defended a broad variety of clients, often underdogs. The popularity of the TV series led to the stories being presented in other media, including books and radio.

The "Bailey" of the title is a reference to the Central Criminal Court, the "Old Bailey".

Horace Rumpole
While certain biographical details differ slightly between the original television series and the subsequent book series, Horace Rumpole has a number of definite character traits that are constant. First and foremost, he loves the courtroom. Despite attempts by his friends and family to get him to move on to a more respectable position for his age, such as a Queen's Counsel (QC) or a Circuit Judge (positions Rumpole sarcastically calls "Queer Customers" and "Circus Judges"), he only enjoys defending his clients (who are often legal aid cases) at the Old Bailey, London's Central Criminal Court: "the honour of being an Old Bailey Hack", as he describes his work. A devotee of Arthur Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book of English Verse, he often quotes Wordsworth (and other poets less frequently, e.g. Shakespeare). He privately calls his wife, Hilda, "She Who Must Be Obeyed", a reference to the fearsome queen in H. Rider Haggard's adventure novel She.

His skill at defending his clients is legendary among the criminal classes. The Timson clan of "minor villains" (primarily thieves) regularly rely on Rumpole to get them out of their latest bit of trouble with the law. Rumpole is proud of his successful handling of the Penge Bungalow Murders "alone and without a leader" (that is, as a "junior" barrister without a QC) early in his career and of his extensive knowledge of bloodstains and typewriters. Cross-examination is one of his favourite activities, and he disdains barristers who lack either the skill or courage to ask the right questions. His courtroom zeal gets him into trouble from time to time. Often, his investigations reveal more than his client wants him to know. Rumpole's chanciest encounters stem from arguing with judges, particularly those who seem to believe that being on trial implies guilt or that the police are infallible.

Rumpole enjoys smoking inexpensive cigars (cheroots), drinking cheap red wine and a diet of fried breakfasts, overboiled vegetables and steak and kidney pudding. Every day he visits "Pomeroy's", a wine bar on Fleet Street within walking distance of the Old Bailey and his chambers at Equity Court, at which he contributes regularly to an ever-increasing bar tab by purchasing glasses of red wine of questionable quality, which he calls variously "Cooking Claret", "Pomeroy's Plonk", "Pomeroy's Very Ordinary", "Chateau Thames Embankment", or "Chateau Fleet Street".

His cigar smoking is often the subject of debate within his Chambers. His peers sometimes criticise his attire, noting his old hat (a battered Homburg), imperfectly aligned clothes, cigar ash trailing down his waistcoat and faded barrister's wig, "bought second hand from a former Chief Justice of Tonga" (or the Windward Islands: Rumpole is occasionally an unreliable narrator).

Despite his affection for the criminal classes, Rumpole has firm ethics. He is a staunch believer in the presumption of innocence, the "Golden Thread of British Justice". He often reinforces this by proclaiming that it is better for 10 guilty men to go free than for one innocent to be convicted (basically Blackstone's formulation).

Accordingly, Rumpole's credo is "I never plead guilty", although he has qualified that credo by stating on several occasions that he is morally bound to enter a guilty plea if he knows for a fact that the defendant is guilty of the crime of which he/she is accused. (In fact, he enters a plea of guilty on behalf of his clients in "Rumpole's Last Case".) But if he has any doubt whatsoever about the facts surrounding the commission of the crime, even if the defendant has confessed to the deed (having stated, and proved, on one occasion that "there is no piece of evidence more unreliable than a confession!"), Rumpole feels equally honour-bound to enter a plea of "not guilty" and offer the best defence possible. His "never plead guilty" credo also prevents him from making deals that involve pleading guilty to lesser charges (again, with some exceptions; in "Rumpole and the Tap End" he persuades his client to plead guilty to assault in exchange for the dismissal of a charge of attempted murder).

Rumpole also refuses to prosecute, feeling it more important to defend the accused than to work to imprison them. (There was one exception, when Rumpole took on a private prosecution, working for a private citizen rather than for the crown, but he proved that the defendant was innocent and then reaffirmed, "from now on, Rumpole only defends".)

Some of Rumpole's clients feel that things would have been better for them if they had been found guilty and resent him for getting them off.

Mortimer's 2009 obituary in The Daily Telegraph confirmed that Rumpole was, in part, based on a chance meeting in court with James Burge QC:

"In the early 1970s Mortimer was appearing for some football hooligans when James Burge, with whom he was sharing the defence, told him: 'I'm really an anarchist at heart, but I don't think even my darling old Prince Peter Kropotkin would have approved of this lot.' 'And there,' Mortimer realised, 'I had Rumpole.'"

Biographical information (television)
In the television series, where Rumpole first appeared, there is some consistency with regard to Rumpole's backstory. The original play is set in 1974, and Rumpole says he is 64 years old, suggesting a birthdate of 1910 (Leo McKern, the actor who played Rumpole, was born in 1920). Rumpole's Oxford Book of English Verse is inscribed "Horace Rumpole, Little Wicks School 1923. Cursed be he who steals this book," (Series 4 – 1987); in Rumpole and the Fascist Beast it is mentioned that he studied at Birkenshaw School, which he calls 'a wind-blasted penal colony on the Norfolk coast'; he bought his barrister's wig in 1932; first appeared in court in 1937; first met Hilda on 14 August 1938; served in the RAF Ground Staff in World War II; married Hilda in approximately 1944; won the Penge Bungalow Murder case in 1947; and had his son Nick in 1951. The series itself takes place between 1967 and 1992, when Rumpole is getting on in years.

Biographical information (books)
Within many short stories and occasional novels, which were written over a 29-year period (1978–2007), Rumpole's biographical details fluctuated. For example, in the first book, published in 1978, Rumpole mentions buying his wig in 1932, and another time to proposing to Hilda in 1938, and his "sixty-eight next birthday". In Rumpole and the Fascist Beast it is mentioned that Rumpole was born sometime before the outbreak of World War I. These last two pieces of information would indicate a birth year of 1911, but later books contradict this. Rumpole and the Primrose Path, for instance, appeared in 2003 and was set in the present day, but Rumpole was in his seventies, not 92. Nonetheless, when in Rumpole and the Primrose Path Erskine-Brown asks Rumpole what he sings to himself when he is alone, Rumpole replies, "A ballad of the war years."

In general, in the book series, it would seem that Rumpole has been frozen at an age of around 70 years, and past events in his life have been retconned to fit each story's time frame. Thus, in the books published in 1996 and before, he proposed to Hilda in 1938, and in books published in 2003 and after, it appears that he neither became a barrister nor met Hilda until after World War II ended in 1945. Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders, containing his first unled case and his engagement to Hilda, takes place in the early 1950s, entirely inconsistent with the early stories. Since 1988, when Phyllida Erskine-Brown became a QC and Soapy Sam Ballard became Head of Chambers, the other characters seem to be similarly frozen in time. In Rumpole and the Reign of Terror, Rumpole was still practising in 2006, and Judge Bullingham was still in post – unless this is a different Bullingham, but that is never stated explicitly. In the 1990 story Rumpole at Sea, Rumpole says of Bullingham: "But now we have lost him." The prior "Mad Bull" was Roger Bullingham, and this Bullingham's name is Leonard.

The son of Reverend Wilfred Rumpole and his wife Alice, and born at Dulwich, Rumpole attended "Linklater's" (a fictional minor public school) and studied law at either Keble College or the fictional "St Joseph's College", Oxford, coming away with "a dubious third" (Oxford then awarded fourths, so a third is equivalent to a 2:2). Rumpole was called to the bar at the "Outer Temple" (a fictional Inn of Court, named on the analogy of the Inner Temple, where John Mortimer was called, and the Middle Temple).

Rumpole's family
Apart from the legal drama in each story, Rumpole also has to deal with his relationships with family and friends. His wife Hilda (whom he refers to as "She Who Must Be Obeyed") was proud of her daddy (as she calls him), C. H. Wystan, who was Rumpole's Head of Chambers, and she frequently advocates that Rumpole seek a higher position in the legal world such as Head of Chambers, Queen's Counsel or a judgeship. The Rumpoles reside in a cavernous, underheated mansion flat at 25B Froxbury Mansions (sometimes called Froxbury Court), Gloucester Road, London.

Rumpole raises tensions with his American daughter-in-law Erica (Deborah Fallender) because of their differing views (such as her disapproval of his cross-examining a rape victim he believed to be lying). His associates' dynamic social positions contrast with his relatively static views, which causes feelings between him and the others to shift over time.

Rumpole retired for a short period of time, moving to Florida to be near his son Nick, a sociology professor and now department head at the University of Miami. Nick is described by Rumpole as "the brains of the family". Nick was educated at public school as a teenager, then studied at Oxford University and Princeton. His academic visit to Baltimore University was determinant for staying in the US. Rumpole often says that Nick is proud of his father's work in criminal law, and enjoyed his accounts of his cases and "harmless legal anecdotes".

Cast
In total, seven series of Rumpole of the Bailey were made from 1978 to 1992, each consisting of six episodes. A special two-hour film, Rumpole's Return, was made and aired in 1980, between the 2nd and 3rd series. The author, John Mortimer, occasionally appeared as an extra.

Rumpole and his family:
 * Horace W. Rumpole: Self-described "Old Bailey hack" who defends any and all clients, and never pleads guilty. His strong preference is for criminal cases, but Rumpole has occasionally taken on family law and libel cases. He usually defends clients dependent on legal aid, but sometimes represents paying clients, which he calls "money briefs". He loves quoting poetry, especially works by William Wordsworth and other poems from ''The Oxford Book of English Verse.
 * Hilda Rumpole (Joyce Heron) (Original Play for Today "Pilot"); (Peggy Thorpe-Bates) (Series 1–3 and Special); (Marion Mathie) (Series 4–7): Privately referred to by Rumpole as "She Who Must Be Obeyed" – a reference to the Rider Haggard novel She. She would dearly love to see Rumpole become a QC, Head of Chambers or a judge – none of which is a role to which Rumpole aspires. She is the daughter of Rumpole's late head of chambers, C. H. Wystan.
 * Nicholas Rumpole (David Yelland) (Play for Today, plus Series 1–2); (Ian Gelder) (Special only): "The brains of the family", as Rumpole calls him. Nick and his father are especially close. Nick studied PPE at Oxford and then sociology at Princeton. Married to an American, he eventually moves to the United States (first Baltimore, then Miami) to work as a professor of sociology.

Members of Rumpole's Chambers at 3 Equity Court, London:
 * Sir Guthrie Featherstone QC (Peter Bowles) (Series 1–2, Special, and as an occasional guest star in series 3–7). The well-connected if occasionally feckless Head of Chambers, he "took silk" (becoming a Queen's Counsel) and was elected to Parliament as a Social Democratic Party member early in the series. Rumpole often mock-reverently calls him "our learned Head of Chambers, Guthrie Featherstone QC, MP". He is an alumnus of Marlborough College. He becomes a High Court judge after the third series and is embroiled in a number of controversies after being promoted to the bench. Although often in some way in opposition to Rumpole, the two get on far better than do Rumpole and Ballard; Featherstone lacks Ballard's piousness, to which Rumpole takes great exception.
 * Samuel Ballard QC (Peter Blythe) (Series 3–7): Head of Chambers in later series; a very pious and priggish person, and like his predecessor, a Marlborough alumnus. Rumpole refers to him as "Soapy Sam" which is an allusion to a much parodied nineteenth-century Bishop of Oxford, and generally addresses him as "Bollard". Later became a judge in the ecclesiastical courts, while maintaining his role as Head of Chambers.
 * Phyllida (née Trant) Erskine-Brown QC (Patricia Hodge) (Series 1–2, Special, and as an occasional guest star in series 3–7). First appeared in episode four in the first series as Erskine-Brown's (and later Rumpole's) pupil, Phyllida Trant. The "Portia of our Chambers", Phyllida is a strong advocate with definite opinions of her own. Usually, but not always, sides with Rumpole in Chambers matters. She eventually becomes a Q.C., then a Recorder, and then a High Court judge. She is shown to occasionally flirt with extramarital relationships, but considers Claude's positive points and remains in her marriage.
 * Claude Leonard Erskine-Brown QC (Julian Curry): Phyllida's husband, "opera buff and hopeless cross-examiner", and sometime would-be philanderer. Although not lacking in personal ambition, he acknowledges his wife's drive and is more than willing to do the lion's share of looking after their children, stating that he'd be happy to move to a more paperwork-based role; he is eventually promoted to Assistant Recorder, and later Q.C., through Phyllida's manoeuvrings. Upon hearing of his promotion, Judge Graves remarked, "They must be handing out silk gowns with pounds of tea nowadays!" He particularly loves the operas of Wagner, and his and Phyllida's children are named Tristan and Isolde. He frowns upon Rumpole's clientele, having a largely civil practice, with only an occasional criminal prosecution. Despite this attitude, Rumpole helps Erskine-Brown out in important personal matters without Erskine-Brown's knowledge, and is displeased when he makes the acquaintance of one of Erskine-Brown's schoolmates, who mentions that since Erskine-Brown was a 'pill' at school he warranted bullying. He attended Bogstead School, Winchester College and New College, Oxford.
 * T.C. Rowley, widely known as "Uncle Tom" (Richard Murdoch) (Series 1–6 and Special). "The oldest member of Chambers, who has not had a brief as long as any of us can remember." Rumpole first joined C. H. Wystan's chambers as Uncle Tom's pupil. He is usually seen happily practising his golf putting in the clerk's room, or offering cheerfully inappropriate comments in Chambers' meetings.
 * George Frobisher (Moray Watson) (Series 1–2, Special, and as an occasional guest star in Series 3–5). A sensible if somewhat stiff barrister and Rumpole's closest friend in Chambers. At around the time he becomes a Circuit Judge, his love interest meets Rumpole, and fears he recognises her from an arson case years ago; she leaves Frobisher, with no way to get in contact. Although Frobisher admits he will find it hard to forgive Rumpole for this loss of happiness, in his next appearance, as a circuit judge presiding over a statutory rape case in which Rumpole is defending, he remains friendly, but refuses to bow to Rumpole's persuasion and jails the defendant; from this point on, Rumpole clearly has a jaundiced view of Frobisher in spite of the latter's friendly overtures, making barbed comments about what he considers Frobisher's draconian legal views in much the same way as he disdains other judges. A former Army officer, Frobisher becomes a Judge Advocate for the British Army in series 4; to Rumpole's dismay, he is pompously absorbed in the military legal way of doing things, and upbraids Rumpole on numerous occasions for not acting appropriately.
 * Percy Hoskins (Norman Ettlinger) (Series 1, Episode 1 only); (Denys Graham) (Series 3–6): A rather minor character, Hoskins seems chiefly concerned with keeping other lawyers from being admitted to Chambers, lest they take away his work. Often prefaces his arguments with the phrase "Speaking as a man with daughters..." Later promoted to a judgeship.
 * Fiona Allways (Rosalyn Landor) (Series 3 only): Originally Phyllida Erskine-Brown's pupil, Rumpole took a liking to her, mentored her, and got her admitted to Chambers. A daughter of the landed gentry, the character left Chambers to get married and was replaced by Liz Probert.
 * Liz Probert (Samantha Bond) (Series 4); (Abigail McKern, Leo McKern's daughter) (Series 5–7): An outspoken young feminist barrister in Rumpole's chambers, who describes herself as a "young radical" and is referred to by Rumpole as "Miz Liz". Her father "Red Ron" is a prominent trade union official. Rumpole's wife Hilda once suspected him of having an affair with Liz. Introduced in episode 2 in series 4 and becomes Rumpole's pupil.
 * Dave Inchcape: (Michael Grandage) (Series 5, Episode 6 only); (Christopher Milburn) (Series 6–7): A young lawyer who has a sometimes stormy relationship with "Miz Liz". He is later revealed to be the Honourable David Luxton.
 * Charles Hearthstoke: (Nicholas Gecks) (Series 4, Episodes 4, 6);(Martin Turner) (Series 5, Episode 4): Called "Hearthrug" by Rumpole. Another young lawyer, brought in by Ballard at least in part to streamline the operations of Chambers, a move Rumpole and Henry both opposed for differing reasons. Hearthstoke woos Liz Probert during his stint in Chambers, but is ultimately forced out by Rumpole. After departing, he is later tempted to return by the possibility of a romantic "adventure" with Phyllida. Rumpole's intervention prevents this.

Other Staff at 3 Equity Court, London:
 * Albert Handyside (Derek Benfield) (Series 1–2 and Special): The original clerk of Chambers. Fired in the third episode, he remains friendly with Rumpole and gets him the occasional case from the firm of solicitors that he joins as a clerk.
 * Henry Trench (Jonathan Coy): Albert's successor as the efficient but harried clerk of Chambers. Unhappily married, Henry is also an amateur dramatics enthusiast, frequently appearing in works by Noël Coward. Henry's wife is active in local politics and serves as a member and later mayor of their local borough council.
 * Dianne (Maureen Darbyshire) (Series 1–6 and Special): The oft-seen but rarely heard Chambers secretary, and Henry's flame. She eventually leaves Chambers and marries.
 * Dot Clapton (Camille Coduri) (Series 7): The new Chambers secretary after Diane leaves. A friendly chatterbox, especially in contrast to the quiet Diane.

Frequent courtroom allies and adversaries:
 * Mr Bernard (Edward de Souza) (Series 1); (Denis Lill) (Series 3–7): An instructing solicitor who frequently presents Rumpole with clients – often a hapless member of the Timson clan. Known to Rumpole as "Bonny Bernard".
 * His Honour Judge Roger Bullingham (Bill Fraser) (Series 1–4 and Special): "The Mad Bull", Rumpole's most notorious courtroom enemy. Noted for his intense dislike of defending barristers in general, and of Rumpole in particular.
 * Mr Justice Vosper (Donald Eccles) (Series 2): A humourless, elderly judge who does not like Rumpole.
 * Detective Inspector Brush (Struan Rodger) (Series 2–5): A police officer intent on seeing accused criminals put away. Rumpole is generally contemptuous of Inspector Brush and his "unreliable notebook".
 * Mr Justice Gerald Graves (Robin Bailey) (Series 4–7): Another in a long line of judges who dislikes Rumpole's courtroom theatrics. Privately referred to by Rumpole as "Mr. Justice Gravestone", and once referred to as "Mr. Injustice Death's Head". Originally merely Judge Graves, elevated to high court status in the series 6 episode "Rumpole at Sea".
 * Mr Justice Oliver Oliphant (James Grout) (Series 6–7): A judge whose affectations of Northern bluntness and "common sense" drive Rumpole to distraction and disdain.

Others in Rumpole's life:
 * Lady Marigold Featherstone (Joanna Van Gyseghem): Guthrie's social-climbing wife.
 * Fred Timson (Peter Childs) (Series 1–2); (John Bardon) (Series 4–7): Head of the Timson clan, a family of "minor South London villains". The Timsons, who specialise in non-violent petty theft, often turn to Rumpole to defend them against charges arising from their latest brush with the law. Although many Timsons are seen through the course of the series, only Fred and Dennis (below) are series regulars.
 * Dennis Timson (Ron Pember) (Series 4–7): Another member of the Timson clan who frequently requires Rumpole's services, either for himself or for a family member.
 * Tony Timson (Phil Davis) (Series 5, Episode 4): Yet another member of the Timson clan, this one features prominently in "Rumpole and the Tap End".
 * Peter "Peanuts" Molloy (David Squire) (Series 1, Episode1; Series 4, Episode 6; Series 5, Episode 4): Member of the Molloy family, archrivals of the Timsons. This legume-lover has frequent run-ins with the law. Also known to date April Timson, wife of Tony Timson.
 * Jack Pomeroy (Peter Whitaker) (Series 1); (Eric Dodson) (Series 3–5): Owner of Pomeroy's Wine Bar, to which Rumpole often repairs for a glass of "Pomeroy's Plonk".
 * Keith (Peter Cartwright) (Series 2 and 5): Almost invariably referred to as "Old Keith from the Lord Chancellor's office". Has the ear of the Lord Chancellor, and is largely responsible (it seems) for determining who will be promoted to Queen's Counsel, or to judgeships.
 * Dodo Mackintosh (Ann Way) (Series 3–5): A school friend of Hilda's who is often mentioned. Barely tolerated by Rumpole, she stops by to visit the Rumpoles on several occasions. Her maiden name is Dodo Perkins.
 * F. I. G. "Fig" Newton (Full name: Ferdinand Isaac Gerald Newton) (Jim Norton) (Series 3); (Frank Mills) (Series 5–6): Rumpole's favourite private investigator, who is usually battling a cold as he's often called on to tail suspects through the pouring rain. In his first appearance, when played by Norton, he introduces himself as Ferdinand Ian Gilmour Newton. All later appearances were by Mills, and in these appearances Rumpole refers to him as Ferdinand Isaac Gerald Newton.
 * Marguerite "Matey" Ballard (Rowena Cooper) (Series 5–7): The matron of the Old Bailey and widow of Mr Plumstead, who later becomes "Soapy Sam" Ballard's incongruously blunt wife.

Origins
The origins of Rumpole of the Bailey lie in "Infidelity Took Place", a one-off television play for the BBC's 1960s television anthology drama series, The Wednesday Play that was written by John Mortimer and broadcast by BBC TV on 18 May 1968. This satirical play, a comment on newly enacted English divorce laws, told the story of a happily married couple who decide to get divorced to take advantage of the more beneficial tax situation they would enjoy if legally separated. The play features a character, Leonard Hoskins (played by John Nettleton), a divorce lawyer with a domineering mother, who can be seen as an early prototype of Rumpole. Mortimer also drew parallels with his 1957 radio play "The Dock Brief", in which elderly and unsuccessful barrister Morganhall (Michael Hordern) is called upon to defend a man, Fowle (David Kossoff), accused of murder. Morganhall hopes that a not guilty verdict will bring him the fame that has so far eluded him, but when Fowle is convicted and sentenced to death, he is granted a reprieve on the grounds of Morganhall's desultory performance in court.

In the mid-1970s, Mortimer approached BBC producer Irene Shubik, who had overseen "Infidelity Took Place" and who was now one of the two producers overseeing Play For Today – the successor series to The Wednesday Play as the BBC's strand for contemporary drama. Mortimer presented an idea for a new play, titled "My Darling Prince Peter Kropotkin", that centred on a barrister called Horace Rumbold. Rumbold would have a particular interest in nineteenth-century anarchists, especially the Russian Peter Kropotkin from whom the title of the play was drawn. The character's name was later changed to Horace Rumpole when it was discovered that there was a real barrister called Horace Rumbold. The title of the play was briefly changed to "Jolly Old Jean Jacques Rousseau" before settling on the less esoteric "Rumpole of the Bailey".

Mortimer was keen on Michael Hordern for the role of Rumpole. When Hordern proved unavailable, the part went to Australian-born actor Leo McKern. Mortimer was initially unenthusiastic about McKern's casting but changed his opinion upon seeing him at rehearsal. Cast as Hilda was Joyce Heron, who played the character as a much tougher individual than that later seen in the eventual series. Aside from Rumpole and his family, no other characters who would eventually be series regulars were seen in the Play For Today production of Rumpole of the Bailey—with the possible exception of a fellow lawyer named George, who could be an early version of eventual series character George Frobisher. (Note that in the series, George Frobisher was played in a very different style by a different actor).

Rumpole of the Bailey made its television debut on 17 December 1975 to good reviews by the critics.

The series
Aware of the potential for further stories centred on Rumpole, Irene Shubik approached the BBC's Head of Plays, Christopher Morahan, and obtained permission from him to commission a further six Rumpole of the Bailey scripts from John Mortimer. However, Morahan left his post at the BBC a short time later and his successor was not interested in turning Rumpole of the Bailey into a series. At around this time, Shubik was contacted by Verity Lambert, Head of Drama at Thames Television, who was looking for ideas for an up-market drama series. Impressed with Rumpole of the Bailey, Lambert offered Shubik the opportunity to bring the series to Thames. John Mortimer readily agreed, since it would mean more money, and Shubik (and Rumpole) duly left the BBC in late 1976.

Rumpole of the Bailey made its Thames Television debut on 3 April 1978 in a series of six episodes. These introduced and established the supporting characters including Guthrie Featherstone (Peter Bowles), Claude Erskine-Browne (Julian Curry) and Phyllida Trant (Patricia Hodge). The role of Hilda was recast, with Peggy Thorpe-Bates taking on the part. Other than McKern, David Yelland (who played Rumpole's son Nick) was the only cast member from the BBC Play For Today who also became a regular in the series.

Rob Page's title sequence, featuring amusing caricatures of Rumpole, was inspired by the nineteenth-century cartoonist George Cruikshank, who had illustrated the works of Charles Dickens. The music was composed by Joseph Horovitz, whose extensive use of the bassoon for Rumpole's theme complemented Leo McKern's portly stature and sonorous voice. Mortimer continued to work as a barrister while writing the series, rising at 5:30am to write scripts before going to work at the Old Bailey. The series was critically acclaimed ("Not to be missed. Leo McKern is superb as the wild and witty barrister Rumpole" – The Times; "I wouldn't say the BBC threw away a pearl richer than all its tribe but it has mislaid a tasty box of kippers" – Nancy Banks-Smith, The Guardian) and Thames quickly commissioned a second series. However, upset to see that her pay had reduced while McKern and Mortimer had received increases for the second series, Shubik's relationship with Verity Lambert deteriorated and, in the end, she quit Thames after commissioning three of the six scripts for the second series. Shubik moved to Granada Television, where she produced an adaptation of Paul Scott's Staying On and set up, but did not produce, The Jewel in the Crown, the follow-up adaptation of Scott's Raj Quartet. Rumpole of the Bailey continued under a new production team.

When Rumpole of the Bailey returned for its fourth series in 1987, Marion Mathie took over as Hilda when Peggy Thorpe-Bates retired because of poor health.

Locations
"Number 3 Equity Court", Rumpole's chambers, are in King's Bench Walk in the Inner Temple Inns of Court. Mortimer, however, has also given the address as "Number Two Equity Court", as in Chapter Two of the 1980 novel Rumpole's Return; or "4 Equity Court", as in the 2005 story "Rumpole and Father Christmas", later compiled in the UK collection Rumpole At Christmas (entitled A Rumpole Christmas in the United States). According to the story "Rumpole and the Younger Generation", Horace and Hilda Rumpole live in a "mansion flat" at 25B Froxbury Court, Gloucester Road, a building sometimes referred to as Froxbury Mansions.

Home media
The seven series of the programme and the Rumpole's Return special episode are available on DVD and as part of a single DVD box set, published by Fremantle Media. The Play for Today (The Confession of Guilt) is also available on DVD, released separately by Acorn Media.

A&E Home Video released the entire series on DVD in Region 1 between 2004 and 2006. It was initially released in season sets then on 28 February 2006, they released Rumpole of the Bailey a 14-disc box set with all 42 episodes.

Radio
Since 1980 there were a number of different BBC radio productions derived from the Rumpole stories. Essentially there were two different series and three Christmas specials – yielding a grand total of 40 episodes. Five different actors portrayed Horace Rumpole in these episodes: Leo McKern, Maurice Denham, Timothy West, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Julian Rhind-Tutt.

In 1997, abridged readings of two Rumpole stories from Rumpole for the Defence ("Rumpole and the Dearly Departed" and "Rumpole and the Boat People"), abridged by Bob Sinfield and performed by Leo McKern, were broadcast on BBC Radio 2, subsequently rebroadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra.

Books
John Mortimer adapted his television scripts into a series of short stories and novels starting in 1978. A series of anthologies and omnibus editions were also released.

title: Rumpole of the Bailey


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Max Mathews

Max Vernon Mathews (November 13, 1926 in Columbus, Nebraska, US – April 21, 2011 in San Francisco, CA, US) was an American pioneer of computer music.

Biography
Max Vernon Mathews was born in Columbus, Nebraska, to two science schoolteachers. His father in particular taught physics, chemistry and biology in the Peru High School of Nebraska, where he was also the principal. His father allowed him to learn and play in the physics, biology and chemistry laboratories, where he enjoyed making lots of things from motors to mercury barometers. At the age of 9, when students are usually introduced to algebra, he started to study by himself the subject with few other students. That was because the vast majority of population there were farmers and their sons weren't interested about learning algebra, since it isn't useful for the everyday work. In the same way he studied calculus, but he never graduated from high school.

After a period as a radar repairman in the navy, where he felt in love with electronics, Mathews decide to study electrical engineering at the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving a Sc.D. in 1954. Working at Bell Labs, Mathews wrote MUSIC, the first widely used program for sound generation, in 1957. For the rest of the century, he continued as a leader in digital audio research, synthesis, and human-computer interaction as it pertains to music performance. In 1968, Mathews and L. Rosler developed Graphic 1, an interactive graphical sound system on which one could draw figures using a light-pen that would be converted into sound, simplifying the process of composing computer generated music. Also in 1970, Mathews and F. R. Moore developed the GROOVE (Generated Real-time Output Operations on Voltage-controlled Equipment) system, a first fully developed music synthesis system for interactive composition and realtime performance, using 3C/Honeywell DDP-24 (or DDP-224) minicomputers. It used a CRT display to simplify the management of music synthesis in realtime, 12bit D/A for realtime sound playback, an interface for analog devices, and even several controllers including a musical keyboard, knobs, and rotating joysticks to capture realtime performance.

Although MUSIC was not the first attempt to generate sound with a computer (an Australian CSIRAC computer played tunes as early as 1951), Mathews fathered generations of digital music tools. He described his work in parental terms, in the following excerpt from "Horizons in Computer Music", March 8–9, 1997, Indiana University:

"Computer performance of music was born in 1957 when an IBM 704 in NYC played a 17 second composition on the Music I program which I wrote. The timbres and notes were not inspiring, but the technical breakthrough is still reverberating. Music I led me to Music II through V. A host of others wrote Music 10, Music 360, Music 15, Csound and Cmix. Many exciting pieces are now performed digitally. The IBM 704 and its siblings were strictly studio machines – they were far too slow to synthesize music in real-time. Chowning's FM algorithms and the advent of fast, inexpensive, digital chips made real-time possible, and equally important, made it affordable.

Starting with the GROOVE program in 1970, my interests have focused on live performance and what a computer can do to aid a performer. I made a controller, the Radio-Baton, plus a program, the Conductor program, to provide new ways for interpreting and performing traditional scores. In addition to contemporary composers, these proved attractive to soloists as a way of playing orchestral accompaniments. Singers often prefer to play their own accompaniments. Recently I have added improvisational options which make it easy to write compositional algorithms. These can involve precomposed sequences, random functions, and live performance gestures. The algorithms are written in the C language. We have taught a course in this area to Stanford undergraduates for two years. To our happy surprise, the students liked learning and using C. Primarily I believe it gives them a feeling of complete power to command the computer to do anything it is capable of doing."

In 1961, Mathews arranged the accompaniment of the song "Daisy Bell" for an uncanny performance by computer-synthesized human voice, using technology developed by John Kelly, Carol Lochbaum, Joan Miller and Lou Gerstman of Bell Laboratories. Author Arthur C. Clarke was coincidentally visiting friend and colleague John Pierce at the Bell Labs Murray Hill facility at the time of this remarkable speech synthesis demonstration and was so impressed that he later told Stanley Kubrick to use it in 2001: A Space Odyssey, in the climactic scene where the HAL 9000 computer sings while his cognitive functions are disabled.

Mathews directed the Acoustical and Behavioral Research Center at Bell Laboratories from 1962 to 1985, which carried out research in speech communication, visual communication, human memory and learning, programmed instruction, analysis of subjective opinions, physical acoustics, and industrial robotics. From 1974 to 1980 he was the Scientific Advisor to the Institute de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM), Paris, France, and from 1987 was Professor of Music (Research) at Stanford University. He served as the Master of Ceremonies for the concert program of NIME-01, the inaugural conference on New interfaces for musical expression.

Mathews was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Acoustical Society of America, the IEEE, and the Audio Engineering Society. He received a Silver Medal in Musical Acoustics from the Acoustical Society of America, and the Chevalier de l'ordre des Arts et Lettres, République Française.

The Max portion of the software package Max/MSP is named after him (the MSP portion is named for Miller Puckette, who teaches at UC San Diego).

Mathews died on the morning of 21 April 2011 in San Francisco, California of complications from pneumonia. He was 84. He was survived by his wife, Marjorie, his three sons and six grandchildren.

title: Max Mathews


text:
JSC

JSC may refer to:

 * Jane Street Capital, a proprietary trading firm
 * JavascriptCore, a framework that provides a JavaScript engine for WebKit implementations
 * Jeffree Star Cosmetics, an American cosmetics franchise
 * Johnson Space Center, NASA facility at Houston, Texas, United States
 * Johnson State College, one of the Vermont State Colleges, United States
 * Joint Staff College
 * Joint-stock company, a type of business entity
 * Jubilee Sports Centre, the former name of the Hong Kong Sports Institute
 * Judicial Service Commission (disambiguation), the body tasked with appointing judges in several Commonwealth countries
 * Julio Sánchez Cristo, a Latin American radio personality
 * Junior School Certificate, a public examination in Bangladesh
 * Postnomial letters for a Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court
 * Al Jazeera Satellite Channel, a broadcaster in Doha, Qatar, owned by the Al Jazeera Media Network

title: JSC


text:
Nugget

Nugget may refer to:

Places

 * Nugget Falls (Oregon), an alternate name for Dillon Falls in Southern Oregon
 * Nugget Falls, a waterfall in Alaska
 * Nugget Point, New Zealand

People

 * H. C. Coombs (1906–1997), Australian economist and public servant, nicknamed Nugget
 * Steve Davis (born 1957), snooker player, nicknamed Nugget
 * Owen Hart (1965–1999), Canadian professional wrestler, derisively nicknamed Nugget

Aircraft

 * Bede BD-17 Nugget, a single-seat homebuilt monoplane
 * Laister LP-15 Nugget, a single-seat glider aircraft

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Nugget, a character from Super Meat Boy Forever
 * "Nugget", a song by Cake from the 1996 the album Fashion Nugget
 * North Bay Nugget, a daily newspaper in North Bay, Ontario, Canada
 * Nugget Newspaper, a weekly newspaper in Sisters, Oregon
 * The Nome Nugget, a weekly newspaper in Nome, Alaska
 * The Nugget, a 2002 comedy film
 * Weekly Nugget was Tombstone, Arizona's first newspaper (1879 to 1882), founded by Artemus Fay (?-1906). Harry Wood (1848-1896) was a writer for the Weekly Nugget and an under-sheriff of Johnny Behan, leader of the Ten Percent Ring.

Foods and beverages

 * Nugget, a variety of hops
 * Chicken nugget, a lump of breaded or battered chicken

Businesses

 * Carson Nugget, a hotel and casino in Carson City, Nevada
 * Nugget Casino Resort, a hotel and casino in Sparks, Nevada
 * Nugget Markets, an upscale California supermarket chain
 * Wendover Nugget, a hotel and casino in West Wendover, Nevada

Other uses

 * Denver Nuggets, an NBA basketball team from Denver, Colorado, United States
 * Gold nugget, a piece of gold produced through mining and extraction
 * Nugget, a property of the variogram in statistics

title: Nugget


text:
Gold nugget

A gold nugget is a naturally occurring piece of native gold. Watercourses often concentrate nuggets and finer gold in placers. Nuggets are recovered by placer mining, but they are also found in residual deposits where the gold-bearing veins or lodes are weathered. Nuggets are also found in the tailings piles of previous mining operations, especially those left by gold mining dredges.

Formation
Nuggets are gold fragments weathered out of an original lode. They often show signs of abrasive polishing by stream action, and sometimes still contain inclusions of quartz or other lode matrix material. A 2007 study on Australian nuggets ruled out speculative theories of supergene formation via in-situ precipitation, cold welding of smaller particles, or bacterial concentration, since crystal structures of all of the nuggets examined proved they were originally formed at high temperature deep underground (i.e., they were of hypogene origin).

Other precious metals such as platinum form nuggets in the same way. A later study of native gold from Arizona, US, based on lead isotopes indicates that a significant part of the mass in alluvial gold nuggets in this area formed within the placer environment.

Composition
Nuggets are usually 20K to 22K purity (83% to 92% by mass). Gold nuggets in Australia often are 23K or slightly higher, while Alaskan nuggets are usually at the lower end of the spectrum. Purity can be roughly assessed by the nugget color, the richer and deeper the orange-yellow the higher the gold content. Nuggets are also referred to by their fineness, for example "865 fine" means the nugget is 865 parts per thousand in gold by mass. The common impurities are silver and copper. Nuggets high in silver content constitute the alloy electrum. The chemical composition of supergene gold nuggets can reveal the characteristics of the primary ore.

Largest nuggets

Two gold nuggets are claimed as the largest in the world: the Welcome Stranger and the Canaã nugget, the latter being the largest surviving natural nugget. Considered by most authorities to be the biggest gold nugget ever found, the Welcome Stranger was found at Moliagul, Victoria, Australia in 1869 by John Deason and Richard Oates. It weighed gross, over 2520 ozt and returned over 2284 ozt net. The Welcome Stranger is sometimes confused with the similarly named Welcome Nugget, which was found in June 1858 at Bakery Hill, Ballarat, Australia by the Red Hill Mining Company. The Welcome weighed 2218 ozt. It was melted down in London in November 1859.

The Canaã nugget, also known as the Pepita Canaa, was found on September 13, 1983, by miners at the Serra Pelada Mine in the State of Para, Brazil. Weighing 1955 ozt gross, and containing 1682.5 ozt of gold, it is among the largest gold nuggets ever found, and is, today, the largest in existence. The main controversy regarding this nugget is that the excavation reports suggest that the existing nugget was originally part of a nugget weighing 5291.09 ozt that broke during excavations. The Canaã nugget is displayed at the Banco Central Museum in Brazil along with the second and third largest nuggets remaining in existence, weighing respectively 1506.2 ozt and 1393.3 ozt, which were also found at the Serra Pelada region.

The largest gold nugget found using a metal detector is the Hand of Faith, weighing 875 ozt, found in Kingower, Victoria, Australia in 1980.

Historic large specimens include the crystalline "Fricot Nugget", weighing 201 ozt – the largest one found during the California Gold Rush. It is on display at the California State Mining and Mineral Museum.

The largest gold nugget ever found in California weighed 1593 ozt. It was found in August 1869 in Sierra Buttes by five partners – W.A. Farish, A. Wood, J. Winstead, F.N.L. Clevering and Harry Warner.

The Victoria, Australia gold rush of the early 1850s produced a number of large nuggets. They include the Welcome Nugget which weighed 68.98 kg which is considered to be the second largest gold nugget ever found. Another find, the Lady Hotham, which weighed 98.5 lb, was found by a group of nine miners on September 8, 1854, in Canadian Gully, Ballarat at a depth of 135 feet. The Lady Hotham was named after the wife of the Governor, Sir Charles Hotham who happened to be visiting the area when the nugget was found. Eighteen months earlier, in January and early February 1853, three other large nuggets weighing 134 lb, 93.125 lb, and 83.5 lb were also found in Canadian Gully at a depth of 55 to 60 ft. Another nugget, the Heron, was found in 1855 in Golden Gully in the Mount Alexander goldfield. It weighed 1008 ozt and was found by a group of inexperienced miners who had received a supposedly empty claim. The miners found the nugget on their second day of digging; the nugget was named after one of the gold commissioners, a Mr. Heron.

On 16 January 2013, a large gold nugget was found near the city of Ballarat in Victoria, Australia by an amateur gold prospector. The Y-shaped nugget weighed slightly more than 5 kg, measured around 22 cm high by 15 cm wide, and has a market value slightly below 300,000 Australian dollars, though opinions have been expressed that it could be sold for much more due to its rarity. The discovery has cast doubt on the common rumour that Victoria's goldfields were exhausted in the 19th century.

title: Gold nugget


text:
Chicken nugget

A chicken nugget is a food product consisting of a small piece of deboned chicken meat that is breaded or battered, then deep-fried or baked. Developed in the 1950s by finding a way to make a coating adhere, chicken nuggets have become a very popular fast food restaurant item, and are widely sold frozen for home use.

History
The chicken nugget was developed in the 1950s by Robert C. Baker, a food science professor at Cornell University, and published as unpatented academic work. Bite-sized pieces of chicken, coated in batter and then deep fried, were called "Chicken Crispies" by Baker and his associates. Two problems the meat industry was facing at the time were being able to clump ground meat without a skin and producing a batter coating that could be both deep fried and frozen without becoming detached. Baker's innovations solved these problems and made it possible to form chicken nuggets in any shape by first coating the meat in vinegar, salt, grains, and milk powder to make it hold together and then using an egg- and grain-based batter that could be fried as well as frozen.

Dinosaur-shaped (or simply dino) chicken nuggets were first trademarked by Perdue Farms in 1991, and its rise in popularity was possibly assisted by the success of the Jurassic Park franchise.

Nutritional information
Chicken nuggets are generally regarded as a fatty, unhealthy food. A study published in the American Journal of Medicine analyzed the composition of chicken nuggets from two American fast food chains. It found that less than half of the material was skeletal muscle, with fat occurring in an equal or greater proportion. Other components included epithelial tissue, bone, nervous tissue and connective tissue. The authors concluded that "Chicken nuggets are mostly fat, and their name is a misnomer."

Manufacturing

The processing required for making chicken nuggets begins with deboning. The chicken is cut and shaped to the correct size. This is done either manually, or by a series of automatic blades, or by a process called grinding (a method of deboning in which the softer parts of the chicken carcass are forced through a mesh, leaving behind the more solid pieces, resulting in a meat paste. If used, this paste is then shaped before battering). The pieces are battered and breaded in a large cylindrical drum that rotates, evenly coating all of the pieces in the desired spices and breading. The pieces are then fried in oil until the batter has set and the outside reaches the desired color. Finally, the nuggets are packaged, frozen and stored for shipping. While specific ingredients and production methods may vary between manufacturers, the above practices hold true for most of the industry.

In popular culture
Chicken nuggets have been the subject of food challenges, social media phenomena, and many more forms of public notoriety. The dish has inspired gourmet restaurants, exercise routines, and even feature-length productions, including Cooties, a movie about a grade school child who eats a chicken nugget infected with a virus that turns prepubescent children into zombies. Thomas Welborn holds the world record for eating the most chicken nuggets in three minutes (746 grams, or approximately 42 chicken nuggets).

On Twitter, the most retweeted tweet of 2017 was made by Carter Wilkerson who asked Wendy's what it would take for them to offer him a year of free nuggets. The tweet generated over 3.5 million retweets.

The largest recorded chicken nugget weighed 51.1 lbs and was 3.25 ft long and 2 ft wide and was created by Empire Kosher. It was unveiled at Kosherfest in Secaucus, New Jersey on October 29, 2013.

Vegan nuggets
Vegan "chicken" nuggets are made with plant-based ingredients entered the market in recent years. They are sold by major retailers as vegan chicken nuggets and made from ingredients that include pea protein, soy protein, textured vegetable protein, and wheat gluten. Companies such as Beyond Meat, Impossible Foods, Morningstar Farms, and Simulate sell vegan chicken nuggets. In 2019, McDonald's trialed vegan McNuggets made of chickpeas and potatoes in Norway. Swedish fast food restaurant Max Hamburgare offers a dish containing nuggets made of falafel. Quorn also supplies vegetarian chicken-like nuggets derived from fungus. In 2022, KFC began serving vegan chicken nuggets at its 4,000 U.S. locations.

In 2022, Michele Simon wrote in Forbes that there were more than 20 brands selling vegan chicken nuggets. In 2022, Avery Yale Kamila said in the Portland Press Herald that because young people are the most interested in vegan food, it was not surprising that "vegan foods associated with childhood, such as hot dogs and chicken nuggets, would be the first to partner with youth-oriented TV shows and movies." Vegan "chicken" nuggets have been taste-tested, for example in 2021 by Culture Map Dallas and in 2022 by Bon Appétit.

title: Chicken nugget


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/Archive 2

User:172's comment on adminship
See Archive 1

Sorry about how the adminship nomination went. I guess that you wouldn't want to deal with all the pointless bickering and politicking. Oh well, it's the community's loss. Good job on the Continuation War, btw. 172 01:58, 29 Aug 2003 (UTC) -- 172 01:59, 29 Aug 2003

de-adminship
Since when do requests for de-adminship have to be approved by community consensus? It is the editor's choice whether they want to become an admin -- we don't force them into it -- and it is the editor's choice if they want to resign. As far as I'm concerned, resignations can be handled by private communication with a developer, followed by a public announcement. If, after the announcement, the community convinces the editor to change their mind, sysop status should be restored without the need for further community involvement (i.e. no need to ask here again). -- Tim Starling 02:36, Sep 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * You're right on the first point. I edited the page appropriately.
 * On balance, I'd say that normally the community should be involved on restoration, but that's just a preference. Martin 10:28, 18 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * Good enough for me. -- Tim Starling 03:39, Sep 20, 2003 (UTC)

originally added under the desysopping section:

Requests and nominations for de-adminship:
 * If you're requesting your own de-adminship, you can do so private communication with a developer, should you wish to do so. If you're requesting de-adminship of someone else, you can do so here, but please first try to discuss the issue directly with the admin in question.

This would be "off-topic" as User:MyRedDice has pointed out elsewhere. This is a page for straightforward request(s) to be a Sysop and does not conform to any Wikipedia policy. This is not the place to discuss Problem User Sysops. NightCrawler 22:58, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I don't believe that it is off-topic. Martin 23:39, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

What happened to User:Pakaran's nomination?
What happened to Pakaran's nomination? It's been deleted from the page and there's no link to new admins. RickK 06:52, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)~

 * Recently_created_admins. --Menchi 06:53, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * There is a link, it's always been there, right above the "Requests for adminship" subheading. He's also listed on Administrators and there's a message on his talk page telling him he's an admin. -- Tim Starling 07:04, Dec 6, 2003 (UTC)

Concern... no lag time?

 * I'm a bit concerned how fast Pakaran was turned into sysop -- it was only 48 hours between nomination and adminship. Now granted, he had been discussed before, there was a large amount of support and he's a good contributor.  However, the process seemed quite fast, considering something like Votes for Deletion has a 5 day "lag time" and adminship used to be a much more drawn out process. Has something changed? Fuzheado 18:09, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Seven day delay proposed

 * I don't know that we've ever had a policy of a certain amount of time on the page before granting adminship, but I think a required delay of say 7 days might be a good idea, just to give time in case someone has something relevent to say about a nominee that others voting here might not be aware of. -- Infrogmation 18:18, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I think this is a good point. A certain delay would make sure everyone who wants to weigh in is heard from. Seven days would seem about right to me. -- Viajero 23:55, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * OK. I usually leave it for a bit longer, but since I was doing 6 at once I got a bit careless. -- Tim Starling 01:49, Dec 7, 2003 (UTC)

 * Most of the people I nominated waited for like over 2 weeks. --Menchi 02:21, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Tim, could you be careless just one more time and move me :-)? (I'm just kidding...) ugen64 20:43, Dec 10, 2003 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Rev3rend

Hi there. Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions at Max Mathews and other computer-music-related topics. Since you're here, why don't you drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself?

If you need any editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style

Some time when you're bored, you can read through our policies and guidelines. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. You can also drop me a question on my talk page.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 06:44, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi! I read your note at the new user log. That's great that you're using the wiki for your class. Before you do, you should be aware of the information and guidelines at School and university projects. Other people have used (and are currently using) Wikipedia for courses. You might want to ask them about their experiences. Isomorphic 08:01, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

You might want to make your Computer music todo into a WikiProject. If you're going to be maintaining a page on a specific set of related articles, WikiProject is the appropriate location. I would suggest WikiProject Computer Music as the appropriate location. It won't matter if you're the only one contributing at the moment; there are other WikiProjects with only one or two people. Isomorphic 09:06, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Editing Image:Cpemc1.jpg
Rev3rend, while tagging some of the many, many, many untagged images, I came across Image:Cpemc1.jpg which you uploaded. What is the copyright status of this image? Could you possible tag the image with the appropriate copyright tag? Or if you are unsure, just leave me a message detailing where you got the image, and I will tag it for you. In the mean time, I have marked it as .--MaxPower 19:46, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * The above also applies to Image:Cpemc2.jpg --MaxPower 19:48, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

I want to be a member of the (inactive) WikiProject Computer Music
but the link to its contributors doesn't seem to be working or I'm just a noob. Could you tell me what to do?

I do as well. Are you still leading it? Or may/should/can I take over? --Phil Kirlin 03:12, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Cpemc1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cpemc1.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 20:17, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Feq.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 21:21, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Doug DuBois
A tag has been placed on Doug DuBois requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. R mosler | ●   19:22, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Rev3rend! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 06:05, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Doug DuBois -

Nomination of PeRColate for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article PeRColate is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/PeRColate until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. FuFoFuEd (talk) 08:26, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:12, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Time-lapse phonography

The article Time-lapse phonography has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not notable, sources are thin at best"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 18:19, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rev3rend


text:
User:Rev3rend

Hi. Please leave a message after the beep.

BEEP!

- my home page

hi!

I am Ge Wang. Isomorphic said we should meet. then I visited your homepage and realized that I know of you. I am a phd student with perry cook at princeton. i just got on this thing (pedia). looks like you started recently as well. At any rate, even though we didn't really meet at the many chances before, like litsk, let us meet now.

Ge!

gewang 08:09, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Rev3rend