text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps

The parent of this WikiProject is the Geography WikiProject. WikiProject Maps also is a management type WikiProject for pictorial representations displayed within Wikipedia. The following illustrates the position of WikiProject Maps within the Wikipedia WikiProject lineage:
 * Related WikiProjects

Conventions for visa policy maps
Hello, WP:MAPS. I am currently working on the visa policy of Nauru, and I was wondering if there was any conventions on the colors would be? It seems like the other visa policy articles have a lot of different colors, and I just wanted to be correct. Thanks in advance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Michael Jester (talk • contribs) 21 August 2014 (UTC)

Shetland islands
just dropping a quick note here as I was asked to look at this Talk:Shetland - looks like it ought to get a combination of File:Wfm_shetland_map.png and File:Shetland_UK_location_map.svg — Preceding unsigned comment added by EdwardLane (talk • contribs) 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Please assess
Please assess Fictitious entry. Thanks! 11:32, 3 October 2018 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Asianflavoure (talk • contribs) 4 October 2018 (UTC)

Evaluation
Hi there, I came here from WikiProject Eurovision as we have been constantly finding issues, updating and changing our maps. I wanna see if there's anything missing or wrong with this map. Any input is appreciated — IмSтevan  talk 15:05, 25 March 2024 (UTC)

 * did anyone suggest that there is something wrong with it? M.Bitton (talk) 15:27, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * We've been updating it for weeks, and whenever we thought we were done, something new would pop up. For example, we started by adding the missing Channel islands, then we added lakes, fixed Middle eastern borders, added Akrotiri and Dhekelia and so on. I wanna know if there's anything else we missed or that's inaccurate with it, and what better place to ask than the map project — IмSтevan  talk 16:08, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't like that Kosovo's represented on most maps here. But that's just my opinion. 2001:861:31C0:2E20:B45F:5808:A2E:9898 (talk) 13:04, 8 June 2024 (UTC)

User-editable maps
These SVG maps have user-editable sections (any text editor) to allow creation of more maps on more topics. Just paste in a list of states and values. See examples at Commons:Category:English-language SVG maps of the United States made with templates. Feel free to create map templates for other countries too. may be able to help with that.

--Timeshifter (talk) 18:01, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

Must the text used within maps always be pure black?
Hello. I am currently locked in a dispute with Timeshifter over at File talk:Map of US state cannabis laws.svg#Color of D's and am looking for some input. Timeshifter is insisting that the color of text on all maps must be pure black for reasons of accessibility. I disagree and contend that WP:COLOR only requires that a 4.5:1 contrast be met (per WCAG 2.0 AA), and have pointed out that wikipedia uses a 4.76:1 ratio for redlinks, while wikimedia commons uses a 4.52:1 ratio for the gray text in signature timestamps... and that the contrast ratios I have proposed (5.03:1 here and 7:05:1 here) should be sufficient considering this. I have argued that the pure black D's instead of dark red makes the map look very bland, but he says this concern is ridiculous. What are some opinions at WikiProject Maps about accessibility and whether it is possible that it can go overboard sometimes such as in this instance? Thank you for your time.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 06:41, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I would agree with Timeshifter on this one. I'm colourblind and I would never use any colours other than white, black, or greys when labeling text on backgrounds that aren't also black or white, regardless of the map. Looking at that file, there may be better ways of presenting the information, including adding some sort of texture/shading to the states where the label is being used - the label actually looks really out of place, whereas a white diagonally striped shading may better convey the information. SportingFlyer  T · C  06:51, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * OK, thank you. I was thinking since it was only a single letter of text rather than being a long string of text, the pure black seemed especially unnecessary, but I guess you would disagree with that.  I like the subtleness of the D's as opposed to any kind of "loud" diagonals, and the intuitiveness of them is great as well I think, representing "Decriminalized".--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 07:47, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Jamesy0627144 I'm a graphic worker here and at commons and I always try to make maps (illustrations or other) also work for people with color deficiency and in GIMP there are filters so you can check how it would look for the three most common color deficiencies.
 * So I think you are addressing the problem in a wrong way, you can never say that something always has to be like this or that, it depends on so many things if it will work or not. How the map looks, the colors used there, patterns etc. Also we never know how a map will be viewed, printed (many different ways), viewed on a screen (they are all different), the ambient light, and so on. We never know in which scale the map will be viewed neither so the thing I can do is to make it work in 100% viewed on my screen and if I have a requester that it works for that person also.
 * The overall layout of the map is to me more important than what color the text has as long as it works. It's also very different depending on which font you use, which type normal bold etc and the size.
 * As support for graphic workers we do have this WP:WikiProject_Maps/Conventions (conventions for wikimedia) and in that you can see that texts do have other colors, not only black, and there are more templates (conventions).
 * I agree with @SportingFlyer partly (see text above) and that the map you referring to cold be made differently.
 * To me it's also important that a map is pleasant to view as I think they work better then and people will use them more.
 * I just saw this "People shouldn't have to click on the map and expand it in order to read the text. Even people without perfect vision." To achieve that in most contents is impossible as often small thumbnails are used. --always ping me-- Goran tek-en (talk) 17:38, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * While this is trivially so, on Wikipedia I cannot think of a good reason to ever prioritize other factors over the legibility of text. One's personal muse is best suited for other ventures: our job is to make information accessible with the greatest clarity to the greatest number of people, and these are the best guidelines we know about in order to accomplish that. Remsense  诉  04:21, 9 May 2024 (UTC)
 * While this is trivially so, on Wikipedia I cannot think of a good reason to ever prioritize other factors over the legibility of text. One's personal muse is best suited for other ventures: our job is to make information accessible with the greatest clarity to the greatest number of people, and these are the best guidelines we know about in order to accomplish that. Remsense  诉  04:21, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

I agree with everything said. I was thinking of diagonal lines too. That may actually be the best most visible solution.

'''Why would you want anything other than black or white text in any of the maps below? It provides the most contrast and readability.'''

These 2 US maps below are at 350px wide in some Wikipedia articles. I made the text size as big as possible so that some people will be able to read the state names and values without enlarging the map. Many people can. Many people are in a hurry and prefer to take a quick look to find one state and its value without enlarging the map. Articles often have more than one map, and so it is nice to be able to scan quickly down a page. Then one can enlarge some maps of choice. I like to give people the most options, and higher contrast provides the most options.

It would be nice if the maps with values also had the ability to use white text. Then very dark background colors could be used too. That would allow for a wider spread of background colors. That is very useful for such choropleth maps. But I am not the creator of the SVG template used for those maps. I just use the template. The latest template is here: This category has more examples: --Timeshifter (talk) 03:52, 9 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Commons:File:Template map of US states and District of Columbia.svg
 * Commons:Category:English-language SVG maps of the United States made with templates

Thanks for the replies everyone. I think a lot of what this conflict boils down to are what are the expectations for the thumbnail. I don't have high expectation for the thumbnail and pretty much any image on wikipedia that I take more than split second glance at I like to blow up to view. So I don't see it as a big deal if a few more people end up having to blow the image up, which is very easy to do btw. Also, what I sort of gather from this conversation so far is that the contrast ratios guidelines mentioned in WP:COLOR basically don't count for anything when it comes to maps, and that if one person says the contrast ratio in a map isn't high enough that is pretty much the end of discussion, as objective measures such as WCAG AA and AAA compliance cannot be employed to determine what is suitable. Personally I think there should be room for discussion when it comes to that matter, and that accessibility shouldn't be 100% of the concern vs. appearance.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 13:21, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Why are you adding it as a thumbnail if it's not meant to be useful as such? You can have images that aren't thumbnails on a page.
 * AA and AAA "objectively" concern plain text in an ordinary reading context. The more visual complexity, the more care is required for not making a mess of things.
 * It's simply not necessary to treat the two as mutually opposing forces. Since you're trying to visually communicate specifically information, I imagine you would want to make sure to do that as well as possible. That's what we're trying to advise on. Concerns about good design taking away from aesthetic value is simply misunderstanding what you're trying to do: it's like being concerned that having sufficiently tall door frames takes away from your vision as a home architect. Remsense  诉  13:30, 9 May 2024 (UTC)
 * AA and AAA "objectively" concern plain text in an ordinary reading context. The more visual complexity, the more care is required for not making a mess of things.
 * It's simply not necessary to treat the two as mutually opposing forces. Since you're trying to visually communicate specifically information, I imagine you would want to make sure to do that as well as possible. That's what we're trying to advise on. Concerns about good design taking away from aesthetic value is simply misunderstanding what you're trying to do: it's like being concerned that having sufficiently tall door frames takes away from your vision as a home architect. Remsense  诉  13:30, 9 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It's simply not necessary to treat the two as mutually opposing forces. Since you're trying to visually communicate specifically information, I imagine you would want to make sure to do that as well as possible. That's what we're trying to advise on. Concerns about good design taking away from aesthetic value is simply misunderstanding what you're trying to do: it's like being concerned that having sufficiently tall door frames takes away from your vision as a home architect. Remsense  诉  13:30, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

Creation of maps with shaded areas
Per discussion at Wikipedia_talk:Graphics_Lab/Map_workshop, I'd like to be able to specify a list of countries, and have a template draw a world map with those countries shaded in. Seems like a template exists but is currently disabled due to security concerns:

Initial use case I had in mind can be seen at FTSE Global Equity Index Series and on that talk page.

Any help appreciated. 92.71.60.61 (talk) 08:45, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

Diagonal striping alternating between white and a US state's background color
Can someone create a version of this map (with a different file name) with white diagonal striping added to the "D" states. "D" on the map for Decriminalized. So the striping would alternate between white and the current color. There would no longer be a "D" on any states.

File:Map of US state cannabis laws.svg

Higher up in another talk section wrote (concerning the "D"): "Looking at that file, there may be better ways of presenting the information, including adding some sort of texture/shading to the states where the label [D] is being used - the label [D] actually looks really out of place, whereas a white diagonally striped shading may better convey the information." --Timeshifter (talk) 01:12, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I've figured this out and will upload something soon, even though I think the D's work great and can't imagine what is out of place about them.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 15:36, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * So below is the map as requested. SVG actually has a element that makes this easier, but it's not supported in any browsers so you have to use as a workaround.  Within the pattern element, you can use the stroke, stroke-width, and rotate parameters to adjust line color, width, and angle.  To adjust line spacing, change the width, height, and y2 parameters either up or down, setting them all to the same value.
 * US cannabis hatch test.svg
 * I still like the D's a lot, even though they don't have the beautiful hint of red in them that they did before. I think the D's are actually a lot more visible than the hatching, especially for Hawaii down there which doesn't have much real estate to work with.  And if American Samoa ever decriminalizes, that is going to be a really tough one to pick out, whereas a D in the vicinity would be very easy to spot.  I've always liked the intuitiveness of the D's as well, standing for "Decriminalized".  I think the map could probably use a different color scheme, now that the color of the D's has changed, to better complement them.  But I really don't see a problem with them that would be a reason to replace with hatching.  Timeshifter, go ahead and mess around with the parameters though and see what you come up with.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 18:21, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm not really a fan of hatching on any other map, but I don't know man, this one actually looks bad ass. What do you say we move past this and finally settle on this one (pending others' approval on the cannabis pages)?
 * US cannabis hatch test 2.svg

 * edit: The only thing I was thinking could possibly be an issue is the blue not providing the best contrast against the black borders. But I don't think a huge amount of contrast is needed for that anyways and I don't think lightening the blue some would be a problem at all.
 * --Jamesy0627144 (talk) 20:30, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Thanks Jamesy0627144 for adding the diagonals. Here are more test maps of yours from Talk:Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction.

 likes number 6. I am mostly concerned (as always) with contrast. The borders, for example. Also, the white versus black diagonals, and when should each be used. May need to use white diagonals for some states, and black diagonals for other states. Timeshifter (talk) 00:54, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * OK. I lightened the blue a good amount so that the border contrast ratio increases from 2.44:1 to 4.91:1, which means it is significantly more visible.  Do you think we could go with this one?
 * US cannabis hatch test 4.svg
 * edit: The current contrast ratio between the light gray states and white border is 1.67:1 by the way. That's kind of why I was saying before that borders are not hugely important to have big contrasts.
 * --Jamesy0627144 (talk) 03:25, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

Here's the one that TheTechnician27 proposed. Not bad but it seems like the hatching is pretty hard to see. Also modified samples #4 and #8 above to have black hatching instead of the D's, and to have black borders.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 04:17, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * TT27.svg

--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 04:17, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I played around, and came up with this:
 * File:US map. Cannabis hatch test 7.svg
 * US map. Cannabis hatch test 7.svg
 * My main goal was to distinguish better between the medical states, and the no-medical states. Especially when hatched. The color under the hatching is easier to pick up. This was also helped by making the hatching lines a little narrower.
 * Plus I enjoy the stop light analogy. Red is a no-go state for users. Yellow means use with caution. Green is go.
 * I used the green (#31a354) that TheTechnician27 liked in the no-hatch test #6. I tried a darker green, but then the black borders were harder to see. That darker green (#008000) is the color named just "green" in the color name list for all browsers:
 * https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_colornames.asp
 * I tried "yellow" (#ffff00) from the color name list. But it was too light. Florida coastline was hard to distinguish against the white page. So I used a darker shade of yellow (#ffdf00).
 * Red (#ff0000) is the color named "red" in the color name list.
 * --Timeshifter (talk) 08:41, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

This map is better. It passes all the color blindness tests a little better than the above map. Especially the desaturated test where this map does significantly better. See:
 * Color vision deficiency emulator. PNG/JPG/JPEG. Easy to use. Download a PNG map from various-size links on Commons SVG file description page. Or if it is not uploaded yet, take a PNG screenshot, and upload it to the tester. Tester is from this list:
 * c:Commons:Map resources

File:US map. Cannabis hatch test 8. LimeGreen.svg The only difference from the previous map is that LimeGreen (#32CD32) is used for the green color. --Timeshifter (talk) 10:36, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah I don't know man, I just don't think it is a good color scheme from the perspective of appearance... it is a bit unpleasant to look at in my mind, or to be more blunt, if that is OK, it seems a bit.. I hate to use the word... ugly. The red especially I think is very loud... and it is actually those states IMO that should should have the least amount of color since they have not legalized cannabis for recreational or medical use.  Additionally, from an accessibility perspective, I think the hatching is actually kind of hard to see against the red background, especially when running it through some of the tests at color-blindness.com.  And the hatching is actually more important to see than the borders I would say.
 * I reuploaded TheTechnician27's map except with black hatching and borders instead of white, and also made the hatch lines less thick which you mentioned above as a way to bring out the underlying color better. I also darkened the light green a bit and lightened the gray so that the map passes Monochromacy/Achromatopsia better.  I could probably settle for this even though the color scheme I think is slightly bland... and TT27 would probably be OK with it too...  and I think you said the colors were decent looking before.  My favorite so far is still the blue / neon green... shown below with the lightened colors to bring out the border better and also the hatch lines thinned out.  I actually think this map is the best from an accessibility perspective, particularly with the color of the island territories really standing out and being easy to tell apart.  Even #4 and #8 I'd probably be OK with which I reuploaded below with the hatch lines thinned out.  Do you think you could find agreement on any of these four?
 * edit: I added one more map below: current color scheme, black hatching, and black borders. Looks great I think and we've all approved of the current color scheme before... I just did not care for it very much with the black D's instead of red.  The only issue maybe is the borders but honestly they looked fine when I ran them through the tests at color-blindness.com, except not as visible for Monochromacy/Achromatopsia and Blue Cone Monochromacy but that only affects 1 in 30,000 and 1 in 100,000 people anyways.  I would absolutely be happy with that one.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 20:34, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * --Jamesy0627144 (talk) 19:09, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * --Jamesy0627144 (talk) 19:09, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

I like the color-blindness.com tool. The other tool I linked to is good too. I looked at the 5 images in your last post in the color-blindness.com tool. The red-green-yellow map does better than all of them.

The 2nd best result in the tool was the map with the current colors. It looks better with the original white borders, though that has no effect on the color blindness tests. The white borders provide better contrast with the dark blue state backgrounds, and so it is easier to distinguish adjacent dark blue states. I like to bump up the border width to 1.3 versus the original 1.

I think the red-green-yellow map is beautiful. You think it is ugly. But I think utility is more important than beauty; as concerns contrast, color blindness, accessibility, etc.. Same as with the color of text on maps.

By the way, for those who may not know: On a PC you can press the ctrl key and then use the scroll wheel to make an SVG image get bigger or smaller. After opening up an SVG image on a separate browser tab. This is useful for quickly seeing how an SVG image looks like at various thumbnail sizes. --Timeshifter (talk) 08:05, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Let's just leave the map the way it is. I really do think the D's are the most effective way to convey "Decriminalized" and I like how you can see most clearly the pattern of medical/recreational states beneath it... which really is the most important thing to show on the map, not so much the less important reform of decriminalization.  Also, hatching does not work as well for smaller areas like Hawaii whereas a D is more visible for such a state.  And you really cannot tell whether or not American Samoa has decriminalized from looking at the map... and if they ever do decriminalize, that is going to be hard to show.  I just don't think hatching is the best way of communicating information in this particular case.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 19:36, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Out of all the options, I like the green–light green–white one the most, but I do genuinely like the current one as well. Gets a vote from me if the entirely green one is more problematic for the visually impaired. Although I like the idea behind the green–yellow–red one in theory (the non-lime-green one), in practice I think the black lines make the shores and Mexico/Canada borders look jarring, and it feels very busy. I would at first blush suggest flipping the green and the blue for the curretn scheme since green is more commonly associated with cannabis and thus would be more intuitive at a glance, but that means that the new (and I think quite readable) color scheme for 'D' is rendered completely obsolete, so I like where it is now.  TheTechnician27  (Talk page)  01:08, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I forgot to mention: one thing I especially like about the current color scheme is that it brings the map for the US article roughly into parity with the one for the international article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheTechnician27 (talk • contribs) May 13, 2024 (UTC)

I agree with both of you that we should keep the current color scheme. And it is good that the colors are roughly in parity with the international article.

As for the hatching, I think either the white or black hatching would work. But I think the pure black D is better. Black hatching and a pure black D are both black markings on a state to indicate "decriminalized".

The problem I did not anticipate with hatching is that there is a kind of optical illusion. The color under the hatching does not seem to be the same color as without the hatching. Even with thin lines. And the color blindness tests make it worse.

But a D is a D regardless of the color test. It is easy to distinguish since it is unique. So I prefer the current map. It currently has the pure black D. Any color in it shows up weirdly in color blindness tests. Whereas pure black has the least change in the color blindness tests. I learned this in another discussion. That is why we changed from lime green to pure black in the boxes that surround the wikitext/result pairs in Help:Table. It was a discussion on an accessibility page. I preferred the lime green at first since I am not colorblind. --Timeshifter (talk) 02:11, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

 * For those who are interested there is discussion of another option here:
 * Talk:Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction
 * File:Map of US state cannabis laws. Lighter green 80CE69. Bigger font.svg
 * Map of US state cannabis laws. Lighter green 80CE69. Bigger font.svg
 * Lighter green background, and larger size of the D.
 * The above map is set at 350px. Same as in the template:
 * Template:Legality of cannabis by US state
 * --Timeshifter (talk) 19:05, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

Ability to distinguish "D" on map on cell phones
Pinging past participants in discussions of this map who may not have noticed this thread:. . . . Which map below do you prefer on your cell phone? Please look in your cell phone. And even if you notice no improvement would you support using the larger "D" for users like me who need it?

The maps are at the 350px width used in Template:Legality of cannabis by US state. The template is used on several pages. Such as Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

Note: Over 50 percent of website traffic is from cell phones.

I find the size 27px "D" much easier to distinguish on my cell phone. See related eye discussion higher up at  and Commons:File talk:Map of US state cannabis laws.svg. My vision acuity is common to tens of millions in my country, the US. I hesitate to call it low vision, because it is so common. I guess I am on one side of the bell curve of vision acuity.

The D size is about as big as I could make it and not have the D touch the sides of the state of New Hampshire (the smallest state in the continental US with a "D" on it).

In previous discussion here and at the other talk pages we had agreed on the lighter green color. We also agreed that the diagonal hash lines weren't a help due to the 3rd color effect of the lines. --Timeshifter (talk) 12:59, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * This is what you said previously about the D's at 17 px size, which you now want to increase to 27.

 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File_talk:Map_of_US_state_cannabis_laws.svg#Color_of_D's

 * Between making the D's black, making the green lighter, and increasing the size to 20 px I think the map is already plenty accessible and there is no need to keep beating this dead horse to death.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 14:44, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * As I explained at Talk:Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction I hadn't actually looked at the 350px-wide map (as in the template used in several articles) in a cell phone yet. When I did I saw that it was very difficult for me to distinguish the "D" at the current size (20px) in the template. You keep ignoring that point. This is not just about me or you. There are tens of millions with similar vision as me in the US where I am.
 * And on a desktop PC (as I said before) I can see the 20px D if I get right up on the monitor. But if I am 2 to 3 feet away as I usually am when sitting in my chair then it is a problem.
 * This is how I am seeing it on various screens. Maybe you can see the D at 20px perfectly clearly at any distance and on any screen, be it a cell phone or PC. Lucky for you. But the map is not "plenty accessible" for others.
 * Also, Wikimedia is rolling out a text sizing menu with 3 choices: small, standard, and large. I have it set on large. So there is a definite desire for more accessibility. Map editors should honor this too. See:
 * https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic:Y5nbfld32in1ud0k
 * It is a default setting for logged out users. Log out and bypass your cache to see the text-sizing menu. It can be hidden to a link toggle that shows the menu.
 * Logged in users can enable it via the beta preferences:
 * Special:Preferences - "Accessibility for Reading (Vector 2022)".
 * So people are waking up to the need to make Wikipedia even more accessible.
 * Wikipedia has never settled for barely adequate. Articles can be constantly improved. So can images. Improving things on Wikipedia is not beating a dead horse, as you say. It seems like you are the one beating a dead horse for a long time by saying this image does not need to be improved. Which you have said many times along the way since when we had a pure red D at 17px size against a darker green background. --Timeshifter (talk) 15:56, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Does it have to be a letter? I don't know about you, but I find symbols (dots, stars, etc.) easier to detect on a map. M.Bitton (talk) 21:11, 2 July 2024 (UTC)
 * . I like that idea. In either case one has to look at the legend to see what it means. Whether using a letter or a symbol. But a dot is a lot easier to distinguish as a dot. Versus trying to figure out what letter of the alphabet one is looking at when the map is thumbnail size. It is easier on the 350px-wide map on a cell phone. It would work on even smaller maps too. And since there is only one symbol on the map, there is no confusion trying to distinguish between multiple symbols. A dot is a dot. It just needs to be big enough not to be confused with dust on the screen, etc..
 * Right now we are using a 20px D. Converting to a 20px dot would solve the problem.
 * --Timeshifter (talk) 22:07, 2 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I think so. Try it and see what it looks like. M.Bitton (talk) 22:10, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

I moved the old map from my previous message down here next to the new map with the dot. The dot came from a navbox. I centered the dot better in the states. The dot placement code is at the end of the SVG code. Its size is at the top of the SVG code:
 * .decrim {fill:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:40px;}

The dot is actually smaller than the D, though its font size is larger. I find the dot to be much more distinct. Especially the smaller the image. The space inside the D makes the D seem less dark and distinct. I am sitting my usual 3 feet away (I measured it with a yardstick to my eyes) from my desktop screen. I can see the dot on the 220px-wide map. The edges may not be clear to my eyes, but it is obvious it is a dot. The D is difficult. I have to get much closer. I have large-screen desktop monitors and I use larger font sizes. Plus I have a zoom text button on the Firefox toolbar. I have it set to only zoom text on the whole page, not images.

And here below is the 350px-wide size of the map in the template. On my cell phone only the dot in the 350px map is obvious. I can't distinguish the D or the dot on the 220px image. You have to remember that I use larger font sizes on my cell phone too. The 20px D on the 350px map is small for me, and I can't tell what it is. Getting closer does not help. All the other text on the cell phone pages is larger for me. And 20px on the map is not the same as 20px elsewhere. The D size changes depending on the screen and the image width. The D is only 20px at the larger sizes of the map on a desktop. --Timeshifter (talk) 11:55, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

 * I tested the new map and the legend (see template). M.Bitton (talk) 23:50, 3 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks good. As does the legend with the larger dot. --Timeshifter (talk) 06:02, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It looks alright I think.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 04:07, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Map with dots has been uploaded to File:Map of US state cannabis laws.svg. --Timeshifter (talk) 12:57, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

Creating Congressional Maps on Wikipedia
Hi, I was wondering how I can create maps of congressional districts for use on election pages, as I've seen a lot of them and wonder where and how to get started making them. Wei-On Yeo (talk) 05:04, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Looking at List of United States congressional districts, I find that many of them were made by Commons:User:Twotwofourtysix. Forty of the states are available at Commons:Category:Congressional district maps of the 118th Congress. Try reaching out to that user to see how you can help complete the collection. DutchTreat (talk) 11:08, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Need a white background (instead of transparent) on US map. For dark-reader browser addons
See: File:Map of US state cannabis laws.svg - would appreciate if someone would make the transparent background white.

See Template:Legality of cannabis by US state. It is on various pages. Dark mode is a problem when toggled on via some addons such as Dark Reader on Firefox, etc.. That addon is very popular.

The problem is that the map has a transparent background surrounding the continental US. So when the background turns black one can't see the black dot next to Hawaii.

The Dark mode (gadget) does not have this problem. It makes the transparent background white.

So if we make the transparent map background white it won't hurt the gadget action. --Timeshifter (talk) 12:53, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Apparently the add-on completely disregards the "background-color" property in SVG, which is probably an intentional choice on the part of the designers, but the problem can be fixed by using the element instead. I uploaded a new map that does this.--Jamesy0627144 (talk) 01:36, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks. --Timeshifter (talk) 15:57, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps


text:
Jar

A jar is a rigid, cylindrical or slightly conical container, typically made of glass, ceramic, or plastic, with a wide mouth or opening that can be closed with a lid, screw cap, lug cap, cork stopper,  roll-on cap, crimp-on cap, press-on cap, plastic shrink, heat sealed lidding film, an inner seal, a tamper-evident band, or other suitable means. The English word "jar" originates from the Arabic word jarra, which means an earthen pot or vessel.

Background
Jars can be used to hold solids too large to be removed from, or liquids too viscous to be poured through a bottle's neck; these may be foods, cosmetics, medications, or chemicals. Glass jars—among which the most popular is the mason jar—can be used for storing and preserving items as diverse as jam, pickled gherkin, other pickles, marmalade, sun-dried tomatoes, olives, jalapeño peppers, chutneys, pickled eggs, honey, and many others.

Types

 * Bell jar – typically used in scientific laboratories to produce a vacuum; also used in Victorian times for display purposes
 * Cookie jar – typically ceramic or glass, common in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom
 * Killing jar – used to kill captured insects
 * Leyden jar – a historical electrical capacitor
 * Specimen jar – an instrument used in anatomy to preserve specimens
 * Apothecary jar – historically for storage of medicines; made of ceramics or more typically in modern centuries, clear glass. Typically cylindrical or with rotationally symmetric decorative curves, sometimes with a glass disc foot separated from the main body. Modern glass versions are also used for artistic display of the contents.

 * Modern glass food storage jars come in a variety of shapes, all of which have a circular opening on top for screwing on a lid:
 * Economy round or wide mouth jars – tall but rotund cylinder slightly rounded at the top and bottom, relatively wide with a wide mouth, commonly used for sauces like a mayonnaise
 * Paragon jars – tall and narrow cylinder, commonly used for pickled foods like olives
 * French square or Victorian jars – roughly a small cube
 * Spice jars – small cylinder or rectangular cuboid
 * Hexagon or hex jars – regular hexagonal prism
 * Mason jars – moderately tall cylinder typically used in home canning, sealed with a metal lid
 * Kilner jar – similar to a Mason jar but sealed with rubber
 * Straight-sided jars – cylinders with no neck. Squat straight-sided jars are suitable for creams which can be scooped out.

 * Ancient ceramic types include:
 * Amphora – large, but typically holding under 50 L
 * Pithos – very large, typically the size of a person and holding hundreds of liters
 * canopic jar

Utility
Jars are sterilised by putting them in a pressure cooker with boiling water or an oven for a number of minutes. Glass jars are considered microwavable.

Some regions have a legally mandated deposit refundable upon return of the jar to its retailer, after which the jar is recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jar


text:
Bhāskara II

Bhāskara II ('; c. 1114–1185), also known as Bhāskarāchārya''' (lit. 'Bhāskara the teacher'), was an Indian polymath, mathematician, astronomer and engineer. From verses in his main work, Siddhāṁta Śiromaṇī, it can be inferred that he was born in 1114 in Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida) and living in the Satpuda mountain ranges of Western Ghats, believed to be the town of Patana in Chalisgaon, located in present-day Khandesh region of Maharashtra by scholars. In a temple in Maharashtra, an inscription supposedly created by his grandson Changadeva, lists Bhaskaracharya's ancestral lineage for several generations before him as well as two generations after him. Henry Colebrooke who was the first European to translate (1817) Bhaskaracharya II's mathematical classics refers to the family as Maharashtrian Brahmins residing on the banks of the Godavari.

Born in a Hindu Deshastha Brahmin family of scholars, mathematicians and astronomers, Bhaskara II was the leader of a cosmic observatory at Ujjain, the main mathematical centre of ancient India. Bhāskara and his works represent a significant contribution to mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the 12th century. He has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India. His main work Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi, (Sanskrit for "Crown of Treatises") is divided into four parts called Līlāvatī, Bījagaṇita, Grahagaṇita and Golādhyāya, which are also sometimes considered four independent works. These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively. He also wrote another treatise named Karaṇā Kautūhala.

Date, place and family
Bhāskara gives his date of birth, and date of composition of his major work, in a verse in the Āryā metre:

This reveals that he was born in 1036 of the Shaka era (1114 CE), and that he composed the Siddhānta Shiromani when he was 36 years old. Siddhānta Shiromani was completed during 1150 CE. He also wrote another work called the Karaṇa-kutūhala when he was 69 (in 1183). His works show the influence of Brahmagupta, Śrīdhara, Mahāvīra, Padmanābha and other predecessors. Bhaskara lived in Patnadevi located near Patan (Chalisgaon) in the vicinity of Sahyadri.

He was born in a Deśastha Rigvedi Brahmin family near Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida). Munishvara (17th century), a commentator on Siddhānta Shiromani of Bhaskara has given the information about the location of Vijjadavida in his work Marīci Tīkā as follows: "सह्यकुलपर्वतान्तर्गत भूप्रदेशे महाराष्ट्रदेशान्तर्गतविदर्भपरपर्यायविराटदेशादपि निकटे गोदावर्यां नातिदूरे पंचक्रोशान्तरे विज्जलविडम्।"

This description locates Vijjalavida in Maharashtra, near the Vidarbha region and close to the banks of Godavari river. However scholars differ about the exact location. Many scholars have placed the place near Patan in Chalisgaon Taluka of Jalgaon district whereas a section of scholars identified it with the modern day Beed city. Some sources identified Vijjalavida as Bijapur or Bidar in Karnataka. Identification of Vijjalavida with Basar in Telangana has also been suggested.

Bhāskara is said to have been the head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical centre of medieval India. History records his great-great-great-grandfather holding a hereditary post as a court scholar, as did his son and other descendants. His father Maheśvara (Maheśvaropādhyāya ) was a mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, who taught him mathematics, which he later passed on to his son Lokasamudra. Lokasamudra's son helped to set up a school in 1207 for the study of Bhāskara's writings. He died in 1185 CE.

Līlāvatī
The first section Līlāvatī (also known as pāṭīgaṇita or aṅkagaṇita), named after his daughter, consists of 277 verses. It covers calculations, progressions, measurement, permutations, and other topics.

Bijaganita
The second section Bījagaṇita(Algebra) has 213 verses. It discusses zero, infinity, positive and negative numbers, and indeterminate equations including (the now called) Pell's equation, solving it using a kuṭṭaka method. In particular, he also solved the $$61x^2 + 1 = y^2$$ case that was to elude Fermat and his European contemporaries centuries later

Grahaganita
In the third section Grahagaṇita, while treating the motion of planets, he considered their instantaneous speeds. He arrived at the approximation: It consists of 451 verses

 * $$\sin y' - \sin y \approx (y' - y) \cos y$$ for.
 * $$y'$$ close to $$y$$, or in modern notation:
 * $$ \frac{d}{dy} \sin y = \cos y $$.

In his words: ""

This result had also been observed earlier by Muñjalācārya (or Mañjulācārya) mānasam, in the context of a table of sines.

Bhāskara also stated that at its highest point a planet's instantaneous speed is zero.

Mathematics
Some of Bhaskara's contributions to mathematics include the following:

 * A proof of the Pythagorean theorem by calculating the same area in two different ways and then cancelling out terms to get a2 + b2 = c2.
 * In Lilavati, solutions of quadratic, cubic and quartic indeterminate equations are explained.
 * Solutions of indeterminate quadratic equations (of the type ax2 + b = y2).
 * Integer solutions of linear and quadratic indeterminate equations (Kuṭṭaka). The rules he gives are (in effect) the same as those given by the Renaissance European mathematicians of the 17th century.
 * A cyclic Chakravala method for solving indeterminate equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = y. The solution to this equation was traditionally attributed to William Brouncker in 1657, though his method was more difficult than the chakravala method.
 * The first general method for finding the solutions of the problem x2 − ny2 = 1 (so-called "Pell's equation") was given by Bhaskara II.
 * Solutions of Diophantine equations of the second order, such as 61x2 + 1 = y2. This very equation was posed as a problem in 1657 by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, but its solution was unknown in Europe until the time of Euler in the 18th century.
 * Solved quadratic equations with more than one unknown, and found negative and irrational solutions.
 * Preliminary concept of mathematical analysis.
 * Preliminary concept of infinitesimal calculus, along with notable contributions towards integral calculus.
 * preliminary ideas of differential calculus and differential coefficient.
 * Stated Rolle's theorem, a special case of one of the most important theorems in analysis, the mean value theorem. Traces of the general mean value theorem are also found in his works.
 * Calculated the derivatives of trigonometric functions and formulae. (See Calculus section below.)
 * In Siddhanta-Śiromaṇi, Bhaskara developed spherical trigonometry along with a number of other trigonometric results. (See Trigonometry section below.)

Arithmetic
Bhaskara's arithmetic text Līlāvatī covers the topics of definitions, arithmetical terms, interest computation, arithmetical and geometrical progressions, plane geometry, solid geometry, the shadow of the gnomon, methods to solve indeterminate equations, and combinations.

Līlāvatī is divided into 13 chapters and covers many branches of mathematics, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and a little trigonometry and measurement. More specifically the contents include:

 * Definitions.
 * Properties of zero (including division, and rules of operations with zero).
 * Further extensive numerical work, including use of negative numbers and surds.
 * Estimation of π.
 * Arithmetical terms, methods of multiplication, and squaring.
 * Inverse rule of three, and rules of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.
 * Problems involving interest and interest computation.
 * Indeterminate equations (Kuṭṭaka), integer solutions (first and second order). His contributions to this topic are particularly important, since the rules he gives are (in effect) the same as those given by the renaissance European mathematicians of the 17th century, yet his work was of the 12th century. Bhaskara's method of solving was an improvement of the methods found in the work of Aryabhata and subsequent mathematicians.

His work is outstanding for its systematisation, improved methods and the new topics that he introduced. Furthermore, the Lilavati contained excellent problems and it is thought that Bhaskara's intention may have been that a student of 'Lilavati' should concern himself with the mechanical application of the method.

Algebra
His Bījaganita ("Algebra") was a work in twelve chapters. It was the first text to recognize that a positive number has two square roots (a positive and negative square root). His work Bījaganita is effectively a treatise on algebra and contains the following topics:

 * Positive and negative numbers.
 * The 'unknown' (includes determining unknown quantities).
 * Determining unknown quantities.
 * Surds (includes evaluating surds and their square roots).
 * Kuṭṭaka (for solving indeterminate equations and Diophantine equations).
 * Simple equations (indeterminate of second, third and fourth degree).
 * Simple equations with more than one unknown.
 * Indeterminate quadratic equations (of the type ax2 + b = y2).
 * Solutions of indeterminate equations of the second, third and fourth degree.
 * Quadratic equations.
 * Quadratic equations with more than one unknown.
 * Operations with products of several unknowns.

Bhaskara derived a cyclic, chakravala method for solving indeterminate quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = y. Bhaskara's method for finding the solutions of the problem Nx2 + 1 = y2 (the so-called "Pell's equation") is of considerable importance.

Trigonometry
The Siddhānta Shiromani (written in 1150) demonstrates Bhaskara's knowledge of trigonometry, including the sine table and relationships between different trigonometric functions. He also developed spherical trigonometry, along with other interesting trigonometrical results. In particular Bhaskara seemed more interested in trigonometry for its own sake than his predecessors who saw it only as a tool for calculation. Among the many interesting results given by Bhaskara, results found in his works include computation of sines of angles of 18 and 36 degrees, and the now well known formulae for $$ \sin\left(a + b\right) $$ and $$ \sin\left(a - b\right) $$.

Calculus
His work, the Siddhānta Shiromani, is an astronomical treatise and contains many theories not found in earlier works. Preliminary concepts of infinitesimal calculus and mathematical analysis, along with a number of results in trigonometry, differential calculus and integral calculus that are found in the work are of particular interest.

Evidence suggests Bhaskara was acquainted with some ideas of differential calculus. Bhaskara also goes deeper into the 'differential calculus' and suggests the differential coefficient vanishes at an extremum value of the function, indicating knowledge of the concept of 'infinitesimals'.

 * There is evidence of an early form of Rolle's theorem in his work. The modern formulation of Rolle's theorem states that if $$ f\left(a\right) = f\left(b\right) = 0 $$, then $$ f'\left(x\right) = 0 $$ for some $$x $$ with $$\ a < x < b $$.
 * In this astronomical work he gave one procedure that looks like a precursor to infinitesimal methods. In terms that is if $$x \approx y$$ then $$\sin(y) - \sin(x) \approx (y - x)\cos(y)$$ that is a derivative of sine although he did not develop the notion on derivative.
 * Bhaskara uses this result to work out the position angle of the ecliptic, a quantity required for accurately predicting the time of an eclipse.
 * In computing the instantaneous motion of a planet, the time interval between successive positions of the planets was no greater than a truti, or a $1⁄33750$ of a second, and his measure of velocity was expressed in this infinitesimal unit of time.
 * He was aware that when a variable attains the maximum value, its differential vanishes.
 * He also showed that when a planet is at its farthest from the earth, or at its closest, the equation of the centre (measure of how far a planet is from the position in which it is predicted to be, by assuming it is to move uniformly) vanishes. He therefore concluded that for some intermediate position the differential of the equation of the centre is equal to zero. In this result, there are traces of the general mean value theorem, one of the most important theorems in analysis, which today is usually derived from Rolle's theorem. The mean value formula for inverse interpolation of the sine was later founded by Parameshvara in the 15th century in the Lilavati Bhasya, a commentary on Bhaskara's Lilavati.

Madhava (1340–1425) and the Kerala School mathematicians (including Parameshvara) from the 14th century to the 16th century expanded on Bhaskara's work and further advanced the development of calculus in India.

Astronomy
Using an astronomical model developed by Brahmagupta in the 7th century, Bhāskara accurately defined many astronomical quantities, including, for example, the length of the sidereal year, the time that is required for the Earth to orbit the Sun, as approximately 365.2588 days which is the same as in Suryasiddhanta. The modern accepted measurement is 365.25636 days, a difference of 3.5 minutes.

His mathematical astronomy text Siddhanta Shiromani is written in two parts: the first part on mathematical astronomy and the second part on the sphere.

The twelve chapters of the first part cover topics such as:

 * Mean longitudes of the planets.
 * True longitudes of the planets.
 * The three problems of diurnal rotation. Diurnal motion refers to the apparent daily motion of stars around the Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles. It is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis, so every star apparently moves on a circle that is called the diurnal circle.
 * Syzygies.
 * Lunar eclipses.
 * Solar eclipses.
 * Latitudes of the planets.
 * Sunrise equation.
 * The Moon's crescent.
 * Conjunctions of the planets with each other.
 * Conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars.
 * The paths of the Sun and Moon.

The second part contains thirteen chapters on the sphere. It covers topics such as:

 * Praise of study of the sphere.
 * Nature of the sphere.
 * Cosmography and geography.
 * Planetary mean motion.
 * Eccentric epicyclic model of the planets.
 * The armillary sphere.
 * Spherical trigonometry.
 * Ellipse calculations.
 * First visibilities of the planets.
 * Calculating the lunar crescent.
 * Astronomical instruments.
 * The seasons.
 * Problems of astronomical calculations.

Engineering
The earliest reference to a perpetual motion machine date back to 1150, when Bhāskara II described a wheel that he claimed would run forever.

Bhāskara II invented a variety of instruments one of which is Yaṣṭi-yantra. This device could vary from a simple stick to V-shaped staffs designed specifically for determining angles with the help of a calibrated scale.

Legends
In his book Lilavati, he reasons: "In this quantity also which has zero as its divisor there is no change even when many quantities have entered into it or come out [of it], just as at the time of destruction and creation when throngs of creatures enter into and come out of [him, there is no change in] the infinite and unchanging [Vishnu]".

"Behold!"
It has been stated, by several authors, that Bhaskara II proved the Pythagorean theorem by drawing a diagram and providing the single word "Behold!". Sometimes Bhaskara's name is omitted and this is referred to as the Hindu proof, well known by schoolchildren.

However, as mathematics historian Kim Plofker points out, after presenting a worked-out example, Bhaskara II states the Pythagorean theorem: "Hence, for the sake of brevity, the square root of the sum of the squares of the arm and upright is the hypotenuse: thus it is demonstrated."

This is followed by: "And otherwise, when one has set down those parts of the figure there [merely] seeing [it is sufficient]."

Plofker suggests that this additional statement may be the ultimate source of the widespread "Behold!" legend.

Legacy
A number of institutes and colleges in India are named after him, including Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana in Pune, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences in Delhi, Bhaskaracharya Institute For Space Applications and Geo-Informatics in Gandhinagar.

On 20 November 1981 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Bhaskara II satellite honouring the mathematician and astronomer.

Invis Multimedia released Bhaskaracharya, an Indian documentary short on the mathematician in 2015.

title: Bhāskara II


text:
Sirius (disambiguation)

Sirius is the brightest star in the Earth's night sky.

Sirius may also refer to:

Businesses and organisations

 * SES Sirius, a Scandinavian satellite operator
 * Sirius (satellite), a constellation of communications satellites
 * Sirius-Aero, a Russian airline
 * Sirius College, a school network established by Turkish Australians
 * Sirius Corporation, a British open-source software services company
 * Sirius Entertainment, an American comic book publisher
 * Sirius Minerals, a British fertilizer development company
 * Sirius Real Estate, a property company investing in German business parks
 * Sirius Software, a 1980s video game publisher
 * Sirius Systems Technology, American computer manufacturer of the Sirius 1 in 1981
 * Sirius XM, an American broadcasting company
 * Sirius Satellite Radio, a former satellite radio service
 * Sirius Canada
 * List of Sirius XM Radio channels

Mythology

 * Sirius (mythology), the god who personifies the star in Greek mythology
 * Maera (hound), sometimes referred to as Sirius
 * Sirius (dog), a mythological companion of Orion according to Homer

Places

 * Sirius Cliffs, in Antarctica
 * Sirius Islands, in Antarctica
 * Sirius Knoll, in Antarctica
 * Mount Sirius, in Antarctica
 * Sirius Building, an apartment complex in Sydney, Australia
 * Sirius (urban-type settlement), in Russia

Science and technology

 * Sirius (synchrotron light source), at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron in Brazil
 * Eclipse Sirius, an open-source software project
 * Ferranti Sirius, a 1961 small business computer
 * Sirius visualization software, software for modeling molecules, discontinued since 2011
 * SIRIUS (software), a software for annotating small molecules from mass spectrometry data
 * Scientific International Research in Unique Terrestrial Station, a series of spaceflight experiments

Fictional entities

 * Sirius, the eponymous character of Sirius (novel), by Olaf Stapledon, 1944
 * Sirius (Re:Zero), a character in the light novel series Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World
 * Sirius, in video game Bomberman 64
 * Sirius, in the novel Planet of the Apes
 * Sirius, a planet in video game Serious Sam 2
 * Sirius Amory, in The Amory Wars series
 * Sirius Black, in the Harry Potter series
 * Sirius Cybernetics Corporation, a company in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
 * R.U. Sirius, a space station in the Brewster Rockit: Space Guy! comic strip

Film

 * Sirius (1942 film), a Hungarian film
 * Sirius (1975 film), a Czechoslovak war drama film
 * Sirius (2013 film), a documentary film

Music

 * Sirius (Coleman Hawkins album), 1974
 * Sirius (Clannad album), 1987
 * "Sirius" (song), a 1982 instrumental by the Alan Parsons Project
 * Sirius (Stockhausen), a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen
 * Sirius, a 2015 mini album by Daizystripper
 * "Sirius", a song by Bump of Chicken from the 2019 album Aurora Arc
 * "Sirius", a song by Diaura from the 2013 album Focus
 * "Sirius", a song by Eir Aoi
 * "Sirius", a song by Mike Oldfield from the 2002 album Tres Lunas
 * Quasimidi Sirius, a music synthesizer

Other uses in arts and entertainment

 * Sirius the Jaeger, an anime TV series
 * Sirius: The Dog Star, a 2004 anthology of short stories
 * Beatmania IIDX 17: Sirius, a 2009 video game
 * Sirius (novel), a 1944 novel by Olaf Stapledon

Ships

 * HMAS Sirius (O 266), a Royal Australian Navy tanker
 * HMS Sirius, the name of several Royal Navy ships
 * MV Sirius, a Greenpeace ship
 * NB Sirius, a narrowboat conversion design
 * RFA Sirius (A345), a Royal Fleet Auxiliary tanker, launched as SS Empire Faun
 * SS Sirius, the name of several steamships
 * USS Sirius, the name of several US Navy ships
 * USNS Sirius (T-AFS-8), a US Navy support ship
 * FV Sirius, a German fishing trawler in service 1926–29

Other uses in transport

 * Sirius 20, a Canadian sailboat design
 * Sirius 21, a Canadian sailboat design
 * Sirius 22, a Canadian sailboat design
 * Sirius 28, a Canadian sailboat design
 * Alpaero Sirius, or Noin Siriua, a French motor glider
 * Lockheed Model 8 Sirius, a 1929 monoplane
 * Mitsubishi Sirius engine, an automobile engine

Other uses

 * Sirius (wine), produced by Sean Thackrey
 * Sirius Dog Sled Patrol, a Danish naval unit
 * List of IK Sirius sections, Swedish sports clubs
 * R. U. Sirius (Ken Goffman, born 1952), an American writer

title: Sirius (disambiguation)


text:
List of cities in Qatar

This is a list of cities and towns in Qatar. Over 60 percent of residents of Qatar live in Doha, the capital.

title: List of cities in Qatar


text:
Jim Watson (Canadian politician)

James Alexander Watson (born July 30, 1961) is a Canadian politician who served as the 56th mayor of Ottawa from 2010 to 2022. Previously, he served as an Ottawa city councillor from 1991 to 1997, and as mayor from 1997 to 2000.

Watson subsequently represented the riding of Ottawa West—Nepean in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2010. He served in the Cabinet of Premier Dalton McGuinty in the portfolios of Consumer and Business Services (2003–2005), Health Promotion (2005–2007), and Municipal Affairs and Housing (2007–2010). He resigned in January 2010 to run for mayor in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election. He was re-elected mayor in 2014 and in 2018. On March 20, 2021, Watson became the longest serving mayor in the city's history, surpassing Stanley Lewis who held office from 1936 to 1948.

Early life
Watson was born on July 30, 1961, in Montreal, Quebec as the second child to Frances (née Murdoch) and Beverley "Bev" Watson. He grew up in Lachute, but his family moved a few times during his childhood for his father's work, taking him to Beaconsfield, Thornhill, and Sarnia. He graduated from high school from Northern Collegiate in Sarnia. Watson later moved to Ottawa to attend Carleton University and graduated in 1983 with a Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communications from the Faculty of Public Affairs. He first got involved in the political sphere during his second year of studies in 1982, when he served as the President of the Rideau River Residence Association (RRRA). Watson began his career working in journalism for a few local newspapers, and later entered the federal public service, where he rose to the position of Director of Communications for the Speaker of the House of Commons.

City Council
Watson first entered public office in 1991 when he was elected to pre-amalgamation Ottawa's City Council as councillor for Capital Ward. He was subsequently re-elected to Council in 1994. In 1992 Watson championed a roll-back of salaries and operating costs at the city level. His first direct action against excessive city spending was his unilateral decision to donate his yearly 2% salary increase, totalling $700, to charity. In addition, as part of the re-election process Watson donated his severance pay of $5200 to four local charities after moving from Regional to City Council in 1994. During his second term as councillor, Watson reduced his own salary by 13% from $51,000 to $45,000 while voting to reduce the mayor's office budget and salary. In 1996, he supported Dalton McGuinty's bid to lead the Ontario Liberal party, though at the time he still considered himself a "Red Tory", dating back from his university days when he was a member of the Progressive Conservatives.

First mayoral term (pre-amalgamation)
In 1997, Watson sought election as Mayor of Ottawa, winning 83 per cent of the popular vote to become Ottawa's youngest-ever mayor at age 36. During his term as mayor, Watson's emphasis centred on ensuring that the City adopt sustainable fiscal management policies which would enable overall operating costs to go down while reducing budget deficits and the city's debt burden. In conjunction, Watson managed to freeze property tax rates for two consecutive years. He also championed a plan with two other councillors, Peter Hume and John O'Neil, to save the historic Aberdeen Pavilion from being torn down.

After municipal politics
Watson resigned as mayor on August 14, 2000 to become president and CEO of the Canadian Tourism Commission. During his time with the federal crown corporation, Watson secured additional funding for the industry following the 2001 crisis of the 9/11 attacks and the softening of the global tourism industry.

In 2003, Watson left public service to pursue a career in media as host of CHRO-TV's The New RO @ Noon. He was also a regular contributor to the Ottawa radio station CFRA and the Ottawa Citizen.

Watson has served on the board or as honorary chair of several community organizations including the Riverside Hospital, the National Arts Centre, the Central Canada Exhibition Association, the Christmas Exchange of Ottawa and the Forum for Young Canadians. He served as chair of the United Way's 2002 campaign, which raised a record $21 million.

Provincial politics
In the 2003 provincial election, Watson defeated Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario incumbent Garry Guzzo to become the Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for the Ottawa West-Nepean riding and was appointed by Premier of Ontario Dalton McGuinty as Minister of Consumer and Business Services on October 23, 2003. He became Ontario's first Minister of Health Promotion on June 29, 2005.

Minister of Consumer and Business Services
Watson worked alongside the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) to create a "Fraud Free Calendar" in order to help protect consumers, particularly seniors, from high pressure sales tactics, which often lead to impulse purchases. In the spring of 2004, the Federal and Provincial governments signed a joint service delivery accord, creating a "one stop shop" in many communities for provincial and federal services. This accord later included municipalities, in order to provide many government services in one location, for example Ottawa City Hall. Upon inheriting a massive backlog in birth certificate applications, Watson took action to streamline the delivery process for online applicants. After a cabinet shuffle, Dalton McGuinty and Gerry Phillips implemented a money-back guarantee to individuals who do not receive a birth certificate within 15 days of the online application, which Watson had initiated.

Minister of Health Promotion
Watson initiated a study designed to help Ontarians quit smoking. STOP – Smoking Treatment for Ontario Patients – offered free nicotine replacement therapy to 14,000 smokers across the province. On May 31, 2006, the Smoke-Free Ontario Act came into effect, banning all smoking in public areas in the province, including in restaurants, bars, casinos, etc. Watson was recognized for its implementation. In June of that year, Watson unveiled a $10-million Healthy Eating and Active Living Plan. The plan took aim at childhood obesity, which included a pilot project in Northern schools, offering fruits and vegetables to the students and a program that looked to develop and improve safe biking and walking to and from schools. In 2006, the Ontario government launched a project which provided financial assistance to Ontario athletes looking to perform at the national and international levels. Quest For Gold is now part of the Ontario Athlete Assistance Program (OAAP), funded by the Government of Ontario, through the Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Sport. The Program provided direct financial assistance to Ontario athletes through an "Ontario Card" designation. The intent of the OAAP is to provide funding to individual athletes based on their demonstrated commitment to high performance sport, allowing them to pursue athletic excellence at the highest levels of national and international competition.

Minister of Municipal Affairs
After the 2007 election, Watson became Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing. During his tenure as Queen's Park's official liaison with Ontario's municipalities, Watson was able to implement substantive policies to alleviate fiscal pressure on cities. In February 2008, Watson brought forward the Rental Opportunity for Ontario Families (ROOF) program that helps low-income families with funds to pay rent over a five-year period. In October of that year, a policy designed to support the uploading of property tax supported programs from the budgets of Ontario's municipalities to that of the Provincial budget was implemented. Under this policy, the province took back $1.5 billion worth of programs funded by Ontario's municipalities, reversing previous downloading of provincial responsibilities which occurred during Mike Harris’ tenure as premier. The provincial government assumed responsibility for Ontario Works social assistance services, paramedic services, public health, transit, drug benefit programs, the Ontario Disability Support Program, court services, and property tax assessment. In addition, Watson signed the Federal-Provincial Housing Agreement in 2008, the largest housing agreement of its kind to date.

Second mayoral term (New City of Ottawa)
On January 12, 2010, Watson resigned from cabinet in order to run for mayor of Ottawa in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election. Watson won the election with almost 50% of the vote.

Upon taking office, Watson froze his own salary and cut his office budget by 10%. As mayor, he committed to limit tax increases to no more than 2.5%, and did so, bringing in the lowest rates in a number of years. He also enacted a set of integrity and transparency measures, including hiring an integrity commissioner, launching a lobbyist registry and requiring that elected officials’ office expenses be posted online. He also froze community recreation fees for four years, and reduced the size of the city's workforce twice, the first time it had been done since amalgamation.

Watson and the Ottawa City Council also invested $340 million in infrastructure renewal projects such as roads, sidewalks, pathways and sewers and record amount in cycling initiatives. Watson helped advance two major city-building projects that had stalled for a number of years: the revitalization of Lansdowne Park and the introduction of light rail transit. In October 2012, the city council approved the final Lansdowne Park plan, an agreement with the Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group that saw the existing stadium significantly renovated, increased green space, and housing and retail added to the site. In December 2012, City Council voted unanimously to move forward with the Confederation Line, a 12.5 km light rail transit line from Tunney's Pasture in the west to Blair in the east, to be fully operational by 2018.

Watson also helped create Invest Ottawa, the city's economic development agency, whose programs and initiatives increase entrepreneurial momentum, wealth and jobs in Ottawa.

Third mayoral term
Watson won the mayoral race in 2014 with 76.20% of the votes, defeating eight other candidates.

International economic trips
On November 16, 2015, Watson lead an economic mission to China and Thailand with hopes of promoting Ottawa as a leading innovation hub in Canada, to draw investment for Ottawa businesses, and to encourage tourism to the nation's capital. Watson and fifteen local business leaders began the mission in Beijing, Ottawa's only sister city, where he signed an "Exchange and Co-operation Agreement" with Beijing mayor Guo Jinlong, establishing key common goals in business, trade, and municipal administration. The agreement states the mutual support of local enterprises to invest in each other's cities, as well as enhanced co-operation in the high-tech industry. A year later, on April 17, 2016, Watson led a delegation of 35 leaders in the business and tech industries to generate investment opportunities in technology, education, film production and tourism. In addition to seizing the significant economic growth opportunities in India, the trade mission also afforded the City of Ottawa and Invest Ottawa the opportunity to leverage the experience of many successful, local Indo-Canadian business leaders. The mission's resulting list of Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), strategic partnerships and mutually beneficial agreements between Ottawa companies and their Indian counterparts has an estimated total value of more than $80 million.

Significant projects
Since 2014, Watson has led many significant projects in the city. Set to become one of the largest infrastructure projects in the city's history, the city secured more than $1.15 billion from the federal government to help the expansion of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) network of the completed Confederation Line, which will move the public transportation further east, south, and west. Watson pushed to have the Mayors of Ottawa and Gatineau to join the Board of the National Capital Commission (NCC) in 2016. That year, Watson and Gatineau mayor Maxime Pedneaud-Jobin were invited to join as ex-officio, non-voting members.

The city has invested a record $80M since 2014 for cycling and pedestrian structures. City council unanimously approved downtown Ottawa's second segregated bike lane in 2015 and built the 2.5-kilometre north-south cycling spine between Parliament Hill and Lansdowne Park on O’Connor Street. In addition, the NCC worked alongside Watson, as well as Nathalie Des Rosiers and Elizabeth Moore Aubin, to open another segregated cycling lane on Mackenzie Avenue, creating a safer environment for cyclists in the Ottawa region. Watson played a key role in the opening of the Innovation Centre at Bayview Yards, the new home for Invest Ottawa and an entrepreneurial hub for the Ottawa region. It is expected to engage over 1200 businesses within the city, assisting them to grow and develop their products, as well as create over 280 jobs within the capital region. Watson and the City of Ottawa have been working in conjunction to reduce the impact of sewage overflows and storm water on the Ottawa River. The Ottawa River Action Plan (ORAP) is made up of 17 individual projects which aim to enhance the health of the Ottawa River and to protect Ottawa's water environment. Watson supported the arts community towards redeveloping the Arts Court and expanding the Ottawa Art Gallery. The project is part of a vision for the revitalization of the downtown core in Ottawa. The project includes environmentally-controlled exhibition and curatorial spaces, event and education facilities, a café and a gift shop.

Ottawa 2017
As Canada celebrated its 150th year since Confederation, the City of Ottawa created a group in charge of putting together a full year of activities and events. The Ottawa 2017 Bureau, under Guy Laflamme, was responsible for organizing signature events throughout the year, attracting millions of visitors to Ottawa to experience them. Over the course of year, the city played host to a number of successful events including the 2017 Red Bull Crashed Ice downhill skating competition, the Juno Awards of 2017; La Machine (production company), a four-day show that attracted over 750,000 people, Ottawa Welcomes the World, a series of celebrations at Lansdowne Park to promote tourism in other countries and strengthen ties with those nations, the 105th Grey Cup at TD Place, and the 2017 NHL 100 Classic, an outdoor game between the Ottawa Senators and the Montreal Canadiens that recreated the first ever NHL game almost 100 years later.

Fourth mayoral term
On October 22, Watson won the 2018 mayoral race with 71.03% of the votes, defeating eleven other candidates.

Watson oversaw the launch of the Confederation Line, a rail system that opened to the public on September 14, 2019. He has also played an instrumental role to open a new central library to the city's downtown core at LeBreton Flats - a state-of-the-art net carbon zero facility. During this term, in an article published in the Ottawa Citizen on August 17, 2019, Watson came out as gay after 40 years of being closeted. From 2018 to 2022, Watson led Ottawa through natural disasters, including two floods, tornados, a global pandemic (COVID-19), and the 2022 Freedom Convoy.

On March 20, 2021, Watson became Ottawa's longest serving mayor, passing J.E. Stanley Lewis' previous record. On December 10, 2021, Watson announced he would not be running for re-election in the upcoming 2022 Ottawa municipal election.

2022 Freedom Convoy protest
On Sunday, February 6, 2022, Watson proclaimed a state of emergency to handle a 10-day blockade as part of the Freedom Convoy 2022 that shut down much of the city's core.

"The Watson Club"
Since his re-election, many councillors have expressed concern over Watson's apparent strangle-hold over several other councillors. The urban-suburban split between councillors sees Watson siding with more-suburban councillors, whom he appoints to chair every committee.

2010
(x): indicates elected.

(*): indicates incumbent.

title: Jim Watson (Canadian politician)


text:
Aspleniaceae

The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae s.s. (adopted here), in which the family contains only two genera, and a very broad one, Aspleniaceae s.l., in which the family includes 10 other families kept separate in the narrow circumscription, with the Aspleniaceae s.s. being reduced to the subfamily Asplenioideae. The family has a worldwide distribution, with many species in both temperate and tropical areas. Elongated unpaired sori are an important characteristic of most members of the family.

Description
Members of the family grow from rhizomes, that are either creeping or somewhat erect, and are usually but not always unbranched, and have scales that usually have a lattice-like (clathrate) structure. In some species, for example Asplenium nidus, the rhizomes form a kind of basket which collects detritus. The leaves may be undivided or be divided, with up to four-fold pinnation. The sori are characteristic of the family. They are elongated, and normally located on one side of a vein. More rarely, they may be in pairs on a single vein, but then they never curve over the vein. A flap-like indusium arises along one edge of a sorus. The leaf stalks (petioles) have two vascular bundles, uniting to form an X-shape in cross-section towards the tip of the leaf. The stalks of the sporangia are one cell wide in the middle.

Taxonomy
The family Aspleniaceae was first described by Edward Newman in 1840. Newman included three genera: Athyrium, Asplenium and Scolopendrium. Athyrium is now placed in a different family, Athyriaceae, not considered very strongly related to the Aspleniaceae, and Scolopendrium is regarded as synonym of Asplenium.

The narrow circumscription of the family adopted by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognizes only two genera, Asplenium and Hymenasplenium. Asplenium has previously been split into a dozen or so genera, including Diella, found only in Hawaii. The consensus of molecular phylogenetic studies is that all are nested within Asplenium. PPG I places Aspleniaceae in the suborder Aspleniineae of the order Polypodiales.

Earlier, Christenhusz and Chase had proposed a much broader circumscription of Aspleniaceae, in which it consisted of all the separate families that PPG I places in the suborder Aspleniineae (eight at the time), with the families reduced to subfamilies. Thus the Aspleniaceae of PPG I became the subfamily Asplenioideae. , the broader circumscription of the Aspleniaceae is used by Plants of the World Online, which lists 24 genera.

Phylogenic relationships
Aspleniaceae is placed in a clade known as eupolypods II, or more formally as suborder Aspleniineae. The following cladogram, based on Lehtonen (2011) and Rothfels & al. (2012), shows a likely phylogenic relationship between the Aspleniaceae and the other families in the clade.

Genera
In the PPG I system, Aspleniaceae s.s. contains two genera:
 * Asplenium L. – about 700 species, worldwide
 * Hymenasplenium Hayata – about 40 species, tropical and subtropical

Distribution and habitat
The Aspleniaceae have a worldwide distribution, with the large genus Asplenium being native to almost all parts of the world except Antarctica and some high Arctic areas. The family is unusual in having high diversity in both temperate and tropical areas, and more-or-less equal numbers of terrestrial and epiphytic species. Plants are terrestrial, growing in the ground, lithophytic, growing on rocks, or epiphytic, growing on other plants; less often they are aquatic, growing in moving water.

title: Aspleniaceae


text:
Konik

The Konik or Polish Konik (konik polski) is a Polish breed of pony. There are semi-feral populations in some regions. They are usually mouse dun or striped dun in color.

The Bilgoray (konik biłgorajski) of south-eastern Poland is a sub-type of the breed influenced by Arab and Thoroughbred blood; it is close to extinction. The extinct Sweyki or Schweike sub-type of East Prussia contributed to the development of the Trakehner.

The word "konik" means 'small horse'. It may be used in a wider sense to describe the Polish Konik and other similar breeds, among them the Hutsul of the Carpathian Mountains, the Polesian of Belarus and the Žemaitukas of Lithuania.

Etymology
The Polish word konik (plural koniki) is the diminutive of koń, the Polish word for "horse" (sometimes confused with kuc, kucyk meaning "pony"). It means 'small horse'.

History

The Konik is a Polish horse breed descending from very hardy horses from the Biłgoraj region. These horses had a predominantly dun colour, but also black and chestnut horses were present in the population. Some researchers claim these foundation animals were hybrids with wild horse breeding that had been sold to farmers by the zoo in Zamość in 1806, which were bred to local domesticated draft horses. However, genetic studies now contradict the view that the Konik is a surviving form of Eastern European wild horse, commonly called the tarpan, nor is it closely related to them. The Konik shares mitochondrial DNA with many other domesticated horse breeds and their Y-DNA is nearly identical.

During World War I, these horses were important transport animals for Russian and German troops and were called Panje horses. In 1923, Tadeusz Vetulani, an agriculturalist from Kraków, started to get interested in the Panje horses, a landrace of Biłgoraj and coined the name “Konik” (Polish for “small horse”), which is now established as the common name for the breed. During the 1920s, several public and private studs were created to conserve this animal. In 1936, Vetulani opened a Konik reserve in the Białowieża Forest. He was convinced that if horses were exposed to natural conditions, they would redevelop their original phenotype. While Vetulani's experiments are well-known and widely publicized, his stock actually had only a minor influence on the modern Konik population. However, World War II marked the end of Vetulani's "breeding back" project. Part of his stock was moved to Popielno, where they continued to live in semiferal conditions. Popielno became the breed's main stud during the 1950s, but the herd was also preserved by buying animals from Germany.

Between the two world wars, the German brothers Heinz and Lutz Heck crossed stallions of Przewalski's horse with mares of the Konik horse, as well as mares of other breeds such as the Dülmen pony, Gotland pony, and the Icelandic horse, to create a breed resembling their understanding of the tarpan phenotype. The result is called the Heck Horse. Other breeders crossed Koniks with Anglo Arabians or the Thoroughbred to increase their quality as a riding horse.

Characteristics
The breed has a strong and stocky build, small head with a straight profile, and a neck set low out of the chest. The Konik has a deep chest, a thick mane, and the hair coat is blue dun, often colloquially called "mouse-gray". The Konik is short in height, ranging from 130 –. Minimum heartgirth measurement is 165 cm, and minimum cannon bone measurement 16.5 cm for mares, 17.5 cm for stallions. Weight is 350 –.

Breeding centres and nature reserves

Koniks today are bred either in barns or open reserves and under human guidance. The Konik was bred for a larger shoulder height in past decades, to improve its value as a working horse. A more graceful appearance, especially of the head, was established, as well. Black and sorrel horses have been largely selected out, but still appear on occasion, as do white markings. The simultaneous management of Koniks in both barns and reserves made it possible to compare the health and behaviour of the horses under different circumstances. For example, hoof diseases and hay allergies are more common in Koniks raised in barns than in reserves.

In Poland, Koniks currently live on nature reserves at Popielno, Roztocze National Park, Stobnica Research Station of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań. They are bred in controlled conditions at a state stud at Popielno, Sieraków. Private breeders currently own 310 mares and 90 stallions; the state studs own 120 mares and 50 stallions.

Oostvaardersplassen, the Netherlands
As it is claimed to phenotypically resemble the extinct tarpan, the Konik has also been introduced into nature reserves in other nations. The Netherlands has multiple natural reserves spread over the country with (semi-)feral Konik horses. One of the first places were the Konik horse was introduced was the Oostvaardersplassen reserve, where the biggest herd of free-ranging feral Konik horses lives in the world. In 1983, 20 Konik horses were introduced in the reserve, but due to the fact that the horses have no natural predator in the reserve, the population increased rapidly and at a faster rate than was expected. The horses in the reserve are feral and by Dutch law it is prohibited to feed them or to interfere in their population size. In 2011 the herd consisted of 1150 Konik horses and in November 2017 this number reduced to 1050 horses, while the area of the reserve is meant for a maximum population of approximately 300 horses in order for the natural reserve to provide the horses with enough food. This overpopulation and harsh winters led to the starvation and death of many horses in the reserve, with a peak of 30% of the population in the winter of 2012-2013. The Dutch citizens were outraged by the neglecting approach of Staatsbosbeheer, and a debate about possible alterations of the laws on interference with feral animal populations in Dutch reserves started. In 2019 a few hundred horses got transported to reserves in Spain and Belarus. However, the population still continues to increase and as of October 2020 the Oostvaardersplassen reserve was home to 540 Konik horses, while there are no other reserves left to transport the horses to. In order to control the population size, the Province of Flevoland is considering to administer anticonception to the Konik horses. Furthermore, around 200 Konik horses were brought to slaughter in 2021.

title: Konik


text:
Southeast Airlines

Southeast Airlines was established in 1993 as Sun Jet International and was founded by Tom Kolfenbach. It was a low fare public charter airline in the United States, headquartered in Largo, Florida, operating regular service to various vacation/leisure destinations using eight McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 and two McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft. It abruptly ceased operations on November 30, 2004. The airline was featured on the reality TV series The Simple Life, which Southeast executives hoped would give the carrier some exposure. The airline's jets featured the "Sun King" logo previously used by the original National Airlines which appeared on the tails of its aircraft.

The Southeast Airlines name was also used by another U.S. air carrier which was based in Miami and was operating scheduled passenger service in 1979 with jet aircraft nonstop between Miami and Aguadilla, Puerto Rico and also with turboprop aircraft nonstop between Miami and Tampa.

Destinations
Southeast Airlines served the following destinations throughout operations:
 * United States
 * Florida
 * Fort Lauderdale - Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
 * Orlando - Orlando International Airport - Orlando Sanford International Airport
 * St. Petersburg - St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport
 * Fort Walton Beach, Florida - Fort Walton Regional Airport
 * West Palm Beach - West Palm Beach International Airport
 * Fort Myers - Southwest Florida International Airport
 * Ohio
 * Columbus - Rickenbacker International Airport
 * Youngstown-Warren - Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport
 * Nevada
 * Las Vegas - McCarran International Airport
 * South Carolina
 * Myrtle Beach - Myrtle Beach International Airport
 * North Carolina
 * Wilmington - Wilmington International Airport - Charlotte, North Carolina - Raleigh-Durham International Airport - Morrisville, North Carolina
 * New York
 * Newburgh, near New York City - Stewart International Airport - LaGuardia Airport
 * Pennsylvania
 * Allentown - Lehigh Valley International Airport
 * Mississippi
 * Gulfport - Gulfport/Biloxi International Airport
 * Mexico
 * Cancun - Cancun International Airport

Fleet
Southeast Airlines operated the following aircraft throughout operations:

title: Southeast Airlines