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Makar Sankranti

Makar(a) Sankranti (मकरसङ्क्रान्ति), also referred to as Uttarayana, Makar, or simply Sankranti, is a Hindu observance and a festival. Usually falling on the date of 14 January annually (15 January on a leap year), this occasion marks the transition of the sun from the zodiac of Sagittarius (dhanu) to Capricorn (makara). Since the sun has made this transition which vaguely coincides with moving from south to north, the festival is dedicated to the solar deity, Surya, and is observed to mark a new beginning. Many native multi-day festivals are organised on this occasion all over India.

The festivities associated with Makar Sankranti are known by various names including Sankranthi or Peddha Panduga in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Magh Bihu in Assam, Maghi Saaji in Himachal Pradesh, Makara Sankranti in Kerala, Maghi Sangrand in Punjab, Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Maghi Sangrand or Uttarain (Uttarayana) in Jammu, Sakrat in Haryana, Sakraat in Rajasthan, Sukarat in central India, Uttarayana in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, Ghughuti in Uttarakhand, Dahi Chura in Bihar, Makar Sankranti in Odisha, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Goa, West Bengal (also called Poush Sankranti or Mokor Sonkranti), Uttar Pradesh (also called Khichidi Sankranti), Uttarakhand (also called Uttarayani) or as simply, Maghe Sankranti (Nepal), Songkran (Thailand), Thingyan (Myanmar), Mohan Songkran (Cambodia), Til Sakraat in Mithila, and Shishur Senkrath (Kashmir). On Makar Sankranti, Surya (Hindu solar deity) is worshipped along with Vishnu and goddess Lakshmi throughout India.

Makar Sankranti is observed with social festivities such as colourful decorations, rural children going house to house, singing and asking for treats in some areas, melas (fairs), dances, kite flying, bonfires and feasts. The Magha Mela is mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Many observers go to sacred rivers or lakes and bathe in a ceremony of thanks to the Sun. Every twelve years, the Hindus observe Makar Sankranti with Kumbha Mela – one of the world's largest mass pilgrimage, with an estimated 60 to 100 million people attending the event. At this event, they say a prayer to the Sun and bathe at the Prayagaraj confluence of the River Ganga and River Yamuna, a tradition attributed to Adi Shankaracharya. Makar Sankranti is a time of celebration and thanks giving, and is marked by a variety of rituals and tradition.

Date variations
Makar Sankranti is set by the solar cycle and corresponds to the exact time astronomical event of the Sun entering Capricorn and is observed on a day that usually falls on 14 January of the Gregorian calendar, but on 15 January in leap years. Makar Sankranti's date and time is analogous to Sidereal time of Zodiac sign of Capricorn (when sun enters).

The year is 365.24 days long and the time difference between the two consecutive instances of Makar Sankranti is almost the same as the year. There are 365 days in a year. Thus, every four years the calendar is offset by one day which is adjusted by adding leap day (29 February). Hence, Makar Sankranti falls on 15 January every leap year. Sidereal time of sign of Capricorn also shifts by a day due to leap year. Similarly, the time of equinoxes also shifts by a day in each four year window. For example, the equinox of September does not fall on the same date each year nor does the winter solstice. Any event related to one revolution of the Earth around the Sun will have this date shift within a four year cycle. Similar changes can be seen in the exact time of solstices and equinoxes. See the table, how the time of the equinox and a solstice increases and decreases in a cycle of four years.

The time difference between two consecutive winter solstices is about 5 hours 49 minutes 59 seconds, with respect to winter solstice time, and the time difference between two consecutive Mankar Sankranti is about 6 hours and 10 minutes. Towards the end of the 21st century, there will be more occurrences of Makar Sankranti on 15 January in a four-year cycle. And Makar Sankranti will be on 16 January for the first in the year 2102 as 2100 will not be a leap year.

Makar Sankranti and Uttar Ayana
Makar Sankranti is celebrated when the Sun's ecliptic longitude becomes 270° measured from a fixed starting point which is in opposition to Spica, i.e. this is a sidereal measure. Uttarayana begins when the Sun's ecliptic longitude becomes 270° measured from the Vernal equinox, i.e. this is a tropical measure. While both concern a measure of 270° their starting points are different. Hence, Makar Sankranti and Uttarayana occur on different days. On the Gregorian calendar, Makar Sankranti occurs on 14 or 15 January; Uttarayana starts on 21 December.

Due to the precession of the equinoxes the tropical zodiac (i.e. all the equinoxes and solstices) shifts by about 1° in 72 years. As a result, the December solstice (Uttarayana) is continuously but very slowly moving away from Makar Sankranti. Conversely, the December solstice (Uttarayana) and Makar Sankranti must have coincided at some time in the distant past. Such a coincidence last happened 1700 years back, in 291 CE.

Significance
Every year Makar Sankranti is celebrated in the month of January. This festival is dedicated to the Hindu religious sun god Surya. This significance of Surya is traceable to the Vedic texts, particularly the Gayatri Mantra, a sacred hymn of Hinduism found in its scripture named the Rigveda. Makara Sankranti is also associated with the birth and coming of the final Avatar of the Hindu God Vishnu, Kalki.

Makara Sankranti is regarded as important for spiritual practices and accordingly, people take a holy dip in rivers, especially Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. The bathing is believed to result in merit or absolution of past sins. They also pray to the Sun and give thanks for their successes and prosperity. A shared cultural practices found amongst Hindus of various parts of India is making sticky, bound sweets particularly from sesame (til) and a sugar base such as jaggery (gud, gur, gul). This type of sweet is a symbolism for being together in peace and joyfulness, despite the uniqueness and differences between individuals. For most parts of India, this period is a part of early stages of the Rabi crop and agricultural cycle, where crops have been sown and the hard work in the fields is mostly over. The time thus signifies a period of socializing and families enjoying each other's company, taking care of the cattle, and celebrating around bonfires, in Gujarat the festival is celebrated by flying kites.

Makara Sankranti is an important pan-Indian solar festival, known by different names though observed on the same date, sometimes for multiple dates around the Makar Sankranti. It is known as Pedda Panduga'/'Makara Sankranti in Andhra Pradesh, Makara Sankranti in Karnataka, Telangana, and Maharashtra, Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Magh Bihu in Assam, Magha Mela in parts of central and north India, as Makar Sankranti in the west, Makara Sankranti or Shankaranti in Kerala, and by other names.

Nomenclature and regional names
Makar or Makara Sankranti is celebrated in many parts of the Indian subcontinent with some regional variations. It is known by different names and celebrated with different customs in different Indian states and South Asian countries:

 * Sankranti, Makara Sankranti, Makara Sankramanam, Pedda Panduga: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
 * Pusna: West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya
 * Suggi Habba, Makara Sankramana, Makara Sankranti: Karnataka
 * Makar Sankranti, Uttarayana or Ghughuti: Uttarakhand
 * Makar Sankranti or Makara Mela and Makara Chaula: Odisha
 * Makar Sankranti or Sankaranti or Shankaranti: Kerala
 * Makar Sankranti or Dahi Chura or Til Sankranti: Mithila, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi
 * Makar Sankranti, Maghi Sankranti, Haldi Kumkum or Sankranti: Maharashtra, Jammu, Goa, Nepal, Sikkim
 * Hangrai: Tripura
 * Pongal or Uzhavar Thirunal: Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia
 * Uttarayana: Gujarat
 * Maghi: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh Punjab
 * Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu: Assam
 * Parshuram Kund Mela or Makara Sankranti: Arunachal Pradesh
 * Shishur Saenkraat: Kashmir Valley
 * Makar Sakraat or Khichdi Parv: Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar
 * Poush Sangkranti: West Bengal, Bangladesh
 * Tila Sakrait: Mithila
 * Tirmoori: Pakistan

In most regions of India, Sankranti festivities last for two to four days of which each day is celebrated with distinct names and rituals.

 * Day 1 – Maghi (preceded by Lohri), Bhogi Panduga
 * Day 2 – Makara Sankranti, Pongal, Pedda Panduga, Uttarayana, Magh Bihu
 * Day 3 – Mattu Pongal, Kanuma Panduga
 * Day 4 – Kaanum Pongal, Mukkanuma

Regional variations and customs

It is celebrated differently across the Indian subcontinent. Many people take a dip in places like Ganga Sagar and pray to the Sun God (Surya). It is celebrated with pomp in southern parts of India as Sankranti in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka (Pongal in Tamil Nadu), and in Punjab as Maghi.

Many melas or fairs are held on Makar Sankranti the most famous being the Kumbha Mela, held every 12 years at one of four holy locations, namely Haridwar, Prayag (Prayagraj), Ujjain and Nashik, the Magha Mela (or mini-Kumbh Mela held annually at Prayag) and the Gangasagar Mela (held at the head of the Ganges River, where it flows into the Bay of Bengal). Makar Mela in Odisha. Tusu Mela also called as Tusu Porab is celebrated in many parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal. Poush Mela, held traditionally on the seventh day of Poush, at Shantiniketan, in West Bengal, is unrelated to this festival. Mela Maghi is held in memory of the forty Sikh martyrs (Chalis Mukte) who gave their lives to protect Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, every year at Muktsar Sahib in Punjab. Before this tradition, the festival was observed and mentioned by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikhism.

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
The festival Sankranti is celebrated for four days in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu women decorate the entrance of their homes by geometric patterns drawn using colored rice flour, called Muggu. Bhogi
 * Day 1 – Bhogi
 * Day 2 – Pedda Panduga/Sankranti, the main festival day
 * Day 3 – Kanuma
 * Day 4 – Mukkanuma

Bhogi is the first day of the four-day festival. It is celebrated with a bonfire with logs of wood, other solid-fuels, and wooden furniture at home that are no longer useful. In the evening, a ceremony called Bhogi Pallu, fruits of the harvest such as regi pallu and sugarcane are collected along with flowers of the season. Money is often placed into a mixture of treats and is poured over children. The children then collect the money and sweet fruits.

The second and main day of the four-day festival, and is dedicated to the Hindu god Surya. The day marks the start of the Uttarayana, when the sun enters the 10th house of the zodiac Makara. It is commonly called as Pedda Panduga (Big festival) in the Andhra Pradesh state. Ariselu, a traditional sweet dish is offered to the god.
 * Pedda Panduga/Sankranti

The third day of the four-day festival, it is dedicated to the cattle and other domestic animals. The cattle are decorated, especially cows, they are offered bananas, a special meal and worshipped. On this day, popular community sport Kodi Pandem will begun playing until the next one to two days, especially in the Coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh.
 * Kanuma

It is the fourth and last day of the four-day festival. Many families hold reunions on this day.
 * Mukkanuma

Assam

Magh Bihu (also called Bhogali Bihu (Bihu of eating foods and enjoyment) or Maghar Domahi is a harvest festival celebrated in Assam, India, which marks the end of harvesting season in the month of Maagha (January–February). It is the Assam celebration of Makar Sankranti, with feasting lasting for a week.

The festival is marked by feasts and bonfires. The day of the Bihu starts at early dawn by a post-harvesting ceremony called "Meji". In this, bonfires are burned in the house, temples, fields and people pray to Agnidev for blessings Young people erect makeshift huts, known as Meji and Bhelaghar, from bamboo, leaves and thatch, and in Bhelaghar they eat the food prepared for the feast, and then burn the huts the next morning. The celebrations also feature traditional Assamese games such as tekeli bhonga (pot-breaking) and buffalo fighting. Magh Bihu celebrations start on the last day of the previous month, the month of "Pooh", usually the 29th of Pooh and usually 14 January, and is the only day of Magh Bihu in modern times (earlier, the festival would last for the whole month of Magh, and so the name Magh Bihu). The night before is "Uruka" (28th of Pooh), when people gather around a bonfire, cook dinner, and make merry.

During Magh Bihu people of Assam make cakes of rice with various names such as Shunga Pitha, Til Pitha etc. and some other sweets of coconut called Laru or Laskara.

Bihar
It is popularly known as Sakraat or Khichdi in western Bihar and Til Sakraat or Dahi Chura in rest of Bihar where people usually eat Dahi and Chura (Flattened Rice),  sweets made of Til Sesame seeds and Chini (Sugar)/Gud(Jaggery) such as Tilkut, Tilwa (Til ke Ladoo) etc. In the state, the crops harvested around the time are Sesame Seeds, Paddy, etc.

Goa
Known as Sankrant in Goa and like in the rest of the country, people distribute sweets in the form of granules of sugar-coated till pulses among family members and friends. Newly married women offer five sughat or small clay pots with black beaded threads tied around them, to the deity. These pots are filled with newly harvested food grains and are offered with betel leaves and areca nut. Its observance takes place on a rather subdued note, unlike major festivals of the region like Ganesh chaturthi.

Gujarat
Uttarayana, as Makar Sankranti is called in Gujarati, is a major festival in the state of Gujarat which lasts for two days.

 * 14 January is Uttarayana
 * 15 January is Vasi-Uttarayana (Stale Uttarayana).

Gujarati people keenly await this festival to fly kites, called patang. Kites for Uttarayana are made of special light-weight paper and bamboo and are mostly rhombus shaped with central spine and a single bow. The string often contains abrasives to cut down rival kites. The large number of kites leads to injuries and fatalities among birds. Jivdaya Charitable Trust, a local animal welfare charity, started a Save the Birds campaign, for example asking people to fly kites at times of day when birds are less likely to be flying to find food.

In Gujarat, from December through to Makar Sankranti, people start enjoying Uttarayana. Undhiyu (spicy, baked mix of winter vegetables) and chikkis (made from til (sesame seeds), peanuts and jaggery) are the special festival recipes savoured on this day. The Hindu Sindhi community in western regions of India, that is also found in southeastern parts of Pakistan, celebrate Makar Sankranti as Tirmoori. On this day, parents sending sweet dishes to their daughters.

Haryana and Delhi
"Sakraant" in Haryana and Delhi rural areas, is celebrated with traditional Hindu rituals of North India similar to Western UP and border areas of Rajasthan and Punjab. This includes ritual purification by taking the holy dip in rivers, especially in Yamuna, or at sacred ponds such as ancient sarovars Kurukshetra and at local tirtha ponds associated with the ancestral guardian/founder deity of the village called Jathera or Dhok (dahak in Sanskrit or fire) in villages to wash away sins. People prepare kheer, churma, halva with desi ghee and distribute til-gud (sesame and jaggery) laddoos or chikkis. Brothers of married woman visits her home with a gift pack, called "Sindhara" or "Sidha", of wood and warm clothing for her and her husband's family. Women give gift to their in-laws called "Manana". Women congregate in the nearby havelis to sing Haryani folk songs and exchange gifts.

Jammu
In Jammu, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Uttrain (derived from Sanskrit: Uttarayana). Alternatively, terms Attrain or Attrani have also been used to describe this festival. A day before is celebrated as Lohri by Dogras to commemorate end of Poh (Pausha) month. It is also beginning of the Magha month as per Hindu Solar Calendar, hence also known as Maghi Sangrand (Sankranti of Magh month).

Among Dogras, there is a tradition of Mansana (charity) of Khichdi of Maah Dal. Khichdi of Maah di Dal is also prepared on this day and that is why this day is also referred to as Khichdi wala Parva. There is also a tradition of sending Khichdi & other food items to house of married daughters. Fairs are organised on holy places and pligrimages on this day. Dhagwal in Hiranagar tehsil is known for Fair on Makar Sankranti and Janamashtami.

People of Jammu also take holy bath in Devika river and pilgrimages like Uttar Behni and Purmandal on this occasion. This day is also celebrated as birth anniversary of Baba Ambo ji, a local deity of Jammu region.

At Vasuki temple of Bhaderwah of Jammu, the idols of Vasuki Nag are covered on Magh Sankranti and they are uncovered only after three months on Vaisakha Sankranti.

Karnataka

This is the Suggi (ಸುಗ್ಗಿ) or harvest festival for farmers of Karnataka. On this auspicious day, girls wear new clothes to visit near and dear ones with a Sankranti offering in a plate and exchange the same with other families. This ritual is called "Ellu Birodhu." Here the plate would normally contain "Ellu" (white sesame seeds) mixed with fried groundnuts, neatly cut dry coconut and fine cut bella (jaggery). The mixture is called "Ellu-Bella" (ಎಳ್ಳು ಬೆಲ್ಲ). The plate contains shaped sugar candy moulds (Sakkare Acchu, ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಅಚ್ಚು) with a piece of sugarcane. There is a saying in Kannada "ellu bella thindu olle maathadi" that translates to 'eat the mixture of sesame seeds and jaggery and speak only good.' This festival signifies the harvest of the season, since sugarcane is predominant in these parts. Ellu Bella, Ellu Unde, bananas, sugarcane, red berries, haldi and kumkum and small gift items useful in everyday lives are often exchanged among women in Karnataka. During the occasion, newly married women give away bananas for five years to married women from the first year of her marriage. Kite flying, drawing rangolis, giving away of red berries known as Yalchi kai are some of the intrinsic parts of the festival. Another vital ritual in rural Karnataka is the display of decorated cows and bulls and their procession is done and they are also made to cross a fire and this custom is known as "Kichchu Haayisuvudu".

Maharashtra

In Maharashtra, on Makar Sankranti day, people exchange til-gul (sweetmeats made from sesame seeds and jaggery). A famous line associated with this joyous occasion is til gul ghya god god bola (Eat this sesame and jaggery and speak sweet words). Tilacha halwa (sugar granules) are also offered as prasad in the Devghar (Prayer room) after seeking blessings. Gulachi poli is a popular flat bread stuffed with shredded jaggery and ground til in pure ghee are enjoyed for lunch as well as dinner.

Married women invite friends/family members and celebrate Haldi-Kunku. Guests are given til-gul and some small gift, as a part of the ritual. On this day, Hindu women and men make it a point to wear black clothes. As Sakranti falls in the winter months of the region, wearing black adds to the body warmth. This is an essential reason behind wearing black, which is otherwise barred on festival days. As per another legend, Lord Surya forgave his son Shani and his son visited him on Sankranti. That is the essential reason why people distribute sweets and urge them to let go of any negative or angry feelings. Also, newly married women offer five sunghat or small clay pots with black beaded threads tied around them, to the Shakti deity. These pots are filled with newly harvested food grains and are offered with betel leaves and areca nut. Its observance takes place on a rather subdued note, unlike major festivals of the region like Ganesh Chaturthi.

Odisha
The festival is known as Makara Sankranti in Odisha where people prepare makara chaula (ମକର ଚାଉଳ): uncooked newly harvested rice, banana, coconut, jaggery, sesame, rasagola, Khai/Liaa and chhena puddings for naivedya to gods and goddesses. The withdrawing winter entails a change in food habits and intake of nourishing and rich food. Therefore, this festival holds traditional cultural significance. It is astronomically important for devotees who worship the sun god at the great Konark temple with fervour and enthusiasm as the sun starts its annual swing northwards. According to various Indian calendars, the Sun's movement changes and the days from this day onwards become lengthier and warmer and so the Sun-God is worshiped on this day as a great benefactor. Many individuals at the start of the day perform a ritual bath while fasting. Makara Mela (Fun fair) is observed at Dhabaleswar in Cuttack, Hatakeshwar at Atri in Khordha, Makara Muni temple in Balasore and near deities in each district of Odisha. In Puri special rituals are carried out at the temple of Lord Jagannath. In Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Koraput and Sundargarh where the tribal population is greater, the festival is celebrated with great joy. They celebrate this festival with great enthusiasm, singing, dancing and generally having an enjoyable time. This Makara Sankranti celebration is next to the Odia traditional new year Maha Vishuva Sankranti which falls in mid April. Tribal groups celebrate with traditional dancing, eating their particular dishes sitting together, and by lighting bonfires.

Punjab

In Punjab, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Maghi which is a religious and cultural festival. Bathing in a river in the early hours on Maghi is important. Hindus light lamps with sesame oil as this is supposed to give prosperity and drive away all sins. A major mela is held at Sri Muktsar Sahib on Maghi which commemorates a historical event in Sikh history.

Rajasthan and Western Madhya Pradesh (Malwa and Nimar)
"Makar Sankrati" or "Sakraat" in the Rajasthani language is one of the major festivals in the state of Rajasthan. The day is celebrated with special Rajasthani delicacies and sweets such as pheeni (either with sweet milk or sugar syrup dipped), til-patti, gajak, kheer, ghevar, pakodi, puwa, and til-laddoo.

Specially, the women of this region observe a ritual in which they give any type of object (related to household, make-up or food) to 13 married women. The first Sankranti experienced by a married woman is of significance as she is invited by her parents and brothers to their houses with her husband for a big feast. People invite friends and relatives (specially their sisters and daughters) to their home for special festival meals (called as "Sankrant Bhoj"). People give out many kind of small gifts such as til-gud (jaggery), fruits, dry khichadi, etc. to Brahmins or the needy ones.

Kite flying is traditionally observed as a part of this festival. On this occasion the sky in Jaipur and Hadoti regions is filled with kites, and youngsters engage in contests trying to cut each other's strings.

In Malwa and Nimar region kite flying is popular during makar Sankranti.

Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
It is a four-day festival in South India:
 * Day 1: Bhogi Pandigai
 * Day 2: Thai Pongal
 * Day 3: Maattu Pongal
 * Day 4: Kaanum Pongal

The festival is celebrated four days from the last day of the Tamil month Margazhi to the third day of the Tamil month Thai (Pausha).

The first day of festival is Bhogi. It is celebrated on the last day of Margazhi by discarding household items and setting them on fire, marking the end of the old and the emergence of the new. In villages there will be a simple ceremony of "Kappu Kattu" (kappu means secure). The 'neem' leaves are kept along the walls and roof of the houses. This is to eliminate evil forces. This day is also held in honor of Indra, the Hindu god of rain.
 * Bhogi

The second day of festival is Thai Pongal or simply Pongal. It is celebrated by boiling rice with fresh milk and jaggery in new pots, which are later topped with brown sugar, cashew nuts and raisins early in the morning and allowing it to boil over the vessel. This tradition gives Pongal its name. The moment the rice boils over and bubbles out of the vessel, the tradition is to shout "பொங்கலோ பொங்கல் (Ponggalo Ponggal)!" and blow the sangu (a conch), a custom practised to announce it was going to be a year blessed with good tidings. Then, new boiled rice is offered to the Sun god during sunrise, as a prayer which symbolises thanks to the sun for providing prosperity. It is later served to the people in the house for the ceremony. People prepare savouries and sweets such as vadai, murukku, payasam and visit each other and exchange greetings.
 * Thai Pongal

The third day of festival is Maattu Pongal. It is for offering thanks to cattle, as they help farmers in agriculture. On this day the cattle are decorated with paint, flowers and bells. They are allowed to roam free and fed sweet rice and sugar cane. Some people decorate the horns with gold or other metallic covers. In some places, Jallikattu, or taming the wild bull contest, is the main event of this day and this is mostly seen in the villages.
 * Maattu Pongal

The fourth day of the festival is Kaanum Pongal (காணும் பொங்கல்: the word kaanum means "to view"). During this day people visit their relatives, friends to enjoy the festive season. It is a day to thank relatives and friends for their support in the harvest. It started as a farmers festival, called as Uzhavar Thirunaal in Tamil. Kolam (கோலம்) decorations are made in front of the house during Thai Pongal festival.
 * Kaanum Pongal

Kerala
In Kerala, this is called as Sankranti or Makara Sankranti. In Malabar villages, this used to be celebrated as the victory over a demon. In Sabarimala, on this day, the Makaravilakku is lit to show the significanceofthelord- god.

Tripura
The Tripuri is the promoter of Hangrai festivals. They have first introduced this festival of immersing of ancestors' remains in the holy river. Since then it was adopted by other groups in India and popularized over the years.

Mythology inform us that when the world was just created by Lord Siva or Sibrai there was only the grassland and nothing was present. The god then created an egg to produce a human being. The egg hatched to give birth to a human being, creating a big bang. He crawled out of eggshells and looked around for anyone like him, but he found none. There was total silence, peace tranquility, and harmony on the earth. He was frightened by seeing this scenario of earth. He remained near the eggshell most of the time and went back near to the empty eggshell, went inside of half of the shell and covered it with another one, and hid there.

The almighty God was upset by this development. Years later he created another egg, and after ten months it hatched. There was a big bang when it hatched that shook the earth and gave birth to another human. He was very courageous and powerful, as soon as he came out of the human eggshell, he started shouting and announced to the whole of the world, 'I am the first to be born in this earth, I am the eldest on the earth, no one is elder to me in this earth. He named himself Subrai and declared to the whole of the earth that he is the ruler of this earth and king of this universe. Hearing the big bang Hangrai got more frightened, closed his eyes, and silently remained inside the shell. But when he heard the voice like his own, he came out of his shell and met Subrai. At this Subrai told that he is older than Hangrai, since then Subrai became the elder brother of Hangrai, and people knew them as it is.

Thousand of years later when they grew older, the time had come to leave this world. As Hangrai grew older than Subrai, one day he felt sick very seriously, Hangrai was on his death bed, Subrai was taking care of him. Then god came before them and said, 'Among both of you, Hangrai is elder than Subrai, I only know this, because I have created both of you. Hangrai will leave this earth very soon. Subrai will do all necessary rituals to cremate the body of Hangrai.' And god disappeared from there.

Then Subrai cried like a baby, touching the feet of Hangrai, saying, 'Elder brother, I have treated you like a younger brother for thousands of years, forgive me for my wrongdoing unto you.'

Hangrai said, 'I have done so!' and touched his head as gesture of forgiving and blessing unto him, and then breadth for his last.

After the death of Hangrai, his younger brother Subrai cremated his body and did all the rituals, and immerged Hangrai's remaining in the holy water of the river on the last day of Pousa month. Since then, people observed these rituals and festivals every year and continued to this day. That is why the day is named "Hangrai", which has later adopted by other ethnic groups of people of India.

Every year on the day of Hangrai the Tripuri people observe it in grand pomp and show. In every house of Tripuri preparation for Hangrai starts two-three days before. Houses are cleaned, washed whitewashed. All the utensils, clothes, articles are cleaned, homes are decorated. Different types of Tripura cakes, dishes, and drinks are prepared, near and dear ones, relatives are invited for a feast.

Uttar Pradesh
The festival is known as Kicheri in Purvanchal and Awadh parts of Uttar Pradesh and involves ritual bathing. Over two million people gather at their respective sacred places for this holy bathing such as Prayagraj and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and Haridwar in Uttarakhand. The day at a domestic household begins by taking ritual bath before sunrise, doing ritualistic prayers to the rising Sun. It also includes pledging for and donating Food, clothing and money to Brahmin/s called Purohita. It is followed by generous gifting of Food, Clothing, jewelleries and money to female relatives like to married Daughters, Sisters and Daughter-in-Laws and their families. Sesame seeds, Jaggery, chiura and Yogurt are eaten post the prayers. This is followed by Khichdi as the next meal (hence the vernacular name of the Festival).

Uttarakhand
Makar Sankranti is a popular festival in Uttarakhand. It known by various names in the different parts of the state such as Uttarayani, Khichri Sangrand, Pusyodia, Ghughutia, Ghughuti Tyar, Kale Kauva, Makrain, Makraini, Gholda, Gwalda and Chunyatyar.

In the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, Makar Sankranti (also called as Ghughuti (घुघुति) or Ghughuti Tyar or Ghughutia or Kale Kauva or Uttarayani) is celebrated with great gusto. The famous Uttarayani mela (fair) is held in Bageshwar town each year in the month of January on the occasion of Makar Sankrati. According to the Almora Gazetteer, even in the early twentieth century, the annual Uttarayani mela at Bageshwar was visited by approximately 15,000 people and was the largest fair of Kumaon division. The religious ritual of the Uttarayani mela consists of bathing before daybreak at the confluence of Saryu and Gomati followed by an offering of water to Lord Shiva inside the Bagnath Temple. Those who are more religiously disposed, continue this practice for three days in succession, which is known as "Trimaghi". On this day, people also give 'khichdi' (a dish made by mixing pulses and rice) in charity, take ceremonial dips in holy rivers, participate in Uttarayani fairs and offer deep fried sweetmeats consisting of flour and jaggery to crows and other birds as a way to pay homage to the departed souls of their ancestors.

West Bengal
In West Bengal, Sankranti, also known as Poush Sankranti named after the Bengali month in which it falls (last date of that month), is celebrated as a harvest festival Poush Parbon (Bengali: পৌষ পার্বণ). (It falls on 14 January on the Western calendar.) The freshly harvested paddy and the date palm syrup in the form of Khejurer Gur (Bengali: খেজুরের গুড়) and Patali (Bengali: পাটালি) is used in the preparation of a variety of traditional Bengali sweets made with rice flour, coconut, milk and 'khejurer gur' (date palm jaggery) and known as 'Pitha' (Bengali: পিঠে). All sections of society participate in a three-day festival that begins on the day before Sankranti and ends on the day after. The Goddess Lakshmi is usually worshipped on the day of Sankranti.

In the Himalayan regions of Darjeeling, the festival is as known as Magey Sakrati. It is distinctly associated with the worship of Lord Shiva. Traditionally, people bathe at sunrise and then commence their pooja. Elsewhere, many people take a dip in places like Ganga Sagar. Ganga Sagar falls in West Bengal.

Bangladesh
Shakrain is an annual celebration of winter in Bangladesh in the downtown of Dhaka, observed with the flying of kites. Many families in villages across Bangladesh observe Makar Sankranti in many ways. At midnight on January 14/15, people light fireworks to mark the beginning of the holiday. Betting games are played, but with fruits, similar to dice games. Families round up ingredients to compete with others in their village to see who can create the largest variety of pithas. Others go fishing in ponds, creeks and streams to see who can catch the largest fish. It is a fun holiday that many wait for year-long.

The holiday is observed by a significant amount of the Bengali diaspora as well.

Nepal
Maghe Sankranti is a Nepalese festival observed on the first of Magha in the Vikram Sambat (B.S) calendar (about 14 January). Tharu people celebrate this particular day as new year. It is also regarded as the major government declared annual festival of the Magar community.

Observant Hindus take ritual baths during this festival. These include Sankhamul on the Bagmati near Patan; In the Gandaki/Narayani river basin at Triveni, Devghat near Chitwan Valley and Ridi on the Kaligandaki; and in the Koshi River basin at Dolalghat on the Sun Koshi. Festive foods like laddoo, ghee and sweet potatoes are distributed.

Pakistan (Sindh)
On this festive day, Sindhi parents send ladoos and chiki (Laaee) made of sesame seeds to their married daughters. The Sindhi community in India too celebrate Makar Sankranti as Tirmoori which involves parents sending sweet dishes to their daughters.

Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, and among Tamil diasporas worldwide
On this day, the Tamil farmers and the Tamil People honour and perform a pooja to the Sun God Suriya Narayanan. This happens when the sun enters the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makara). The Thai Pongal festival is celebrated in mid-January, or the Tamil month of Thai, to coincide with the rice harvest.

Pongal practices and rituals in Sri Lanka and diasporic countries aren't much differentiated from those followed in Southern India, outside notably the Jalikkattu practice, which is not existent among Sri Lankan Tamils and diasporic Tamil communities.

In Sri Lanka, celebrations of Pongal extend generally to two days and not four, Pongal dish preparation happening on the first day and not on the second as in India (where Pongal start one day earlier with Boghi day). Hence here, Pongal celebration is focused on the day of Thai Pongal only.

title: Makar Sankranti


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User talk:Presroi

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Schools

Education

The WikiProject Schools pages will help you to make excellent school articles. The project covers all articles about schools, school districts, and related articles such as school, as well as institutions that use college or academy as part of their name, but are actually primary or secondary schools. It also includes further education schools and sixth form colleges, and vocational and job schools that do not award recognised degrees in their own right.

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This section notes school articles that can be recommended as a feature article. That is an article that is particularly well-written and complete. Please list an article that is close to this criteria so that everyone can edit away to bring it up to featured article quality and submit it for consideration as a featured article.

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Potential featured list candidates

 * List of Old Malvernians – A peer review had been requested at Peer review/List of Old Malvernians/archive1

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This section notes school articles that can be recommended as a good article. That is an article that is particularly well-written and complete but may lack the length or breadth to be a featured article. Please list an article that is close to this criteria so that everyone can edit away to bring it up to good article quality and submit it for consideration as a good article.

 * Aquinas College, Perth – Demoted from GA on 30 January 2010. Some problems with unreferenced sections and dead links.
 * Auburn High School – Problems with dead links being used as references.
 * Balboa High School (San Francisco, California) – Demoted from GA on 13 February 2010. Issues with dead links, layout, and coverage.
 * Bishop McGuinness High School (Oklahoma) – More expansion needed.
 * Bridgnorth Endowed School – A school article assessed as high importance which is now having its potential realised, requires some further work with structure.
 * Brisbane Boys' College – References need to be clean-up and some further expansion is required.
 * Broad Run High School – Demoted from GA on 19 July 2009.
 * Brunswick (Brittonkill) Central School District – Long and structured article, a few referencing and style issues.
 * Cinco Ranch High School – Some stylistic things needs to be sorted out, but the main concern is that the article is poorly referenced.
 * Charter School of Wilmington – More references needed and trivial information needs to be removed.
 * Dhaka Residential Model College – Former good article which was delisted on 15 October 2010 due to poor sourcing.
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 * Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois) – Some image copyright and citation issues, the lead also needs improving.
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 * Hasland Junior School – Good referencing and quite a bit of information, just needs expanding slightly.
 * Hopkins School – Former featured article demoted on 18 December 2007. More references and removal of trivial details is required.
 * Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District – Demoted from GA on 26 February 2010. Problems with dead links and an excessive number of lists.
 * Institut Le Rosey – Much improved since last attempt at gaining good article status. Further pictures of the school could be helpful. Also see GA review and peer review.
 * Jamaica College – Some issues with article structure and images, plus more expansion needed.
 * King's School, Ely – See peer review and latest GA review: has some prose/organizational issues. History needs to be re-written in chronological order; many excellent sources are available for doing so.
 * La Salle Green Hills – Needs to follow the Manual of Style, and there are also some neutrality, prose quality, and citation issues.
 * Lethbridge Collegiate Institute – Demoted from GA on 28 February 2010. Some problems with dead links in the article's referencing remain.
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 * Lubbock High School – Former good article, which was demoted on 9 June 2009.
 * Oak Park and River Forest High School – Some referencing issues remain.
 * Phillips Exeter Academy – See Talk:Phillips Exeter Academy/GA1
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 * Preuss School – Demoted from A-class on 25 February 2010. Issues with missing and dead references, need to improve the lead, and a lack of more recent information about the school.
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 * Central Catholic High School (Bloomington, Illinois) – Needs a bit more fleshing out, some copy-editing, and preferably more third party sources but most of the content is there.

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Crystal package settings.png Articles in need of emergency, short term attention

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 * St. Joseph High School, Laoag City. One-line stub. Tagged since June 2010
 * St Malachy's College - UK school, needs infobox and a bit of clean-up. May 2011.
 * Kings Heath Boys' Mathematics and Computing College - UK school, No References & Requires Cleanup. May 2011.
 * Aldridge School - UK school, needs infobox, and cleaning up  for style and tone. June 2011.
 * Haverstock School - UK sch. Needs expansion. Although notability is not inherited, this school has produced important alumni. August 2011.
 * Wichita Northeast Magnet High School - Request for other authors to examine article. September 2011.
 * Baochang High School - very poor stub. Looks like a machine translation  from  Chinese. September 2011
 * Williamsville North High School - Multiple issues, content needs pruning. Possible target for vandalism. Keep on watch lists. September 2011
 * The S.B.O.A Matric. & Hr.Sec.School, Coimbatore - very  poor. Needs a lot  of work and research. October 2011
 * SM St Joseph Papar - entire contents written in  a Wikitable. October 2011
 * Dereham Neatherd High School - UK  school. One-line stub. Needs infobox and Ofsted refs. November 2011
 * Gaynes School - UK  school. One-line stub only ref is schools.
 * Lenzie Academy content dispute about undue coverage of negative things reported and referenced. More eyes needed ASAP. Gtwfan52 (talk) 00:19, 5 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Westlake High School (Texas) have been trying to clean up promo tone and extreme out of guideline article. various IP editors keep reverting.  More eyes needed. Gtwfan52 (talk) 22:04, 3 June 2013 (UTC)
 * St. Louis University High School highly promotional private school article. Currently encountering much resistance trying to remove non notables from the notable list, but the whole article is highly promo in a sometimes typical fro private school fashion. Gtwfan52 (talk) 04:13, 25 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Nye County School District and Pershing County School District-never graded into the class system, cannot be linked to other school-related pages. DudeWithAFeud (talk) 01:24, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * New R. S. J. Public School The page requires a map for both the buildings. It need improvement in Hindi and Simple English Wikipedia. It also needs rating on Importance scale.--prathamprakash29 12:10, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Eastside Catholic School A lot of previously cited and neutral content that existed before late-2013 has been replaced by copypasta from the school's marketing material. Gold Man60  Talk  09:33, 22 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Rosepine High School I tagged the article as not notable, not written like encyclopedia, and no sources. The article needs to be corrected or it should be deleted. Delta13C (talk) 20:09, 1 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Arcata High School Students adding material without sources and with no intention of stopping long enough to read the instructions. I request help from someone experienced with Schools Project.  Ellin Beltz (talk) 17:54, 9 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Special:PrefixIndex/Kendriya Vidyalaya - about 50 articles here. Urgently in need of removal of unsourced puffery and unencyclopedic information, as well as content that's duplicated from the main article. 103.6.159.65 (talk) 16:39, 5 March 2016 (UTC)
 * The Heritage School (Newnan, Georgia) Needs an independent look.Jacona (talk) 18:38, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

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Sister project links and related WikiProjects

 * WikiProject Alternative education
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 * WikiProject Education
 * WikiProject Education in Australia
 * WikiProject Education in Canada
 * WikiProject Higher education
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 * WikiProject School Years

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Schools


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User talk:Syed Atif Nazir

Syed Ahmed Khan
Great job on the article about Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, and the pictures were excellent. I moved the last two to the page on Aligarh University.

DigiBullet 07:41, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Image licensing
Hi, you uploded the image Image:Victoria gate.jpg, could you please attach an image copyright tag, there is more information here Image copyright tags. Thanks --nixie 09:06, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Also, could you add a image copyright tag to Image:Aligarh church.jpg? You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc. If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. Ricky81682 (talk) 08:14, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, you can look at the image copyright tags to get a better idea. I think the one you'd probably want is  .  That tag says that it can be used for a non-profit, educational purpose only, with "reason" being any other restrictions (credit is given to the author, etc).  If you want to get some ideas, go to the category for these images and see what language they use. Additionally, you may wish to consider going to Preferences and adding a link to your user and talk pages in your signature (it's just easier to simply click on that than to check the history for who wrote it). Maybe I'm just getting too lazy. =) --Ricky81682 (talk) 07:36, May 3, 2005 (UTC)

Jama masjid.jpg listed for deletion
An image that you uploaded, Jama masjid.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion because it lacks source and license information, and it is not used in any articles. Please go there to voice your opinion (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

Image tagging
Hello. I've noticed that you've tagged a few of your images with. I think you may have meant to copy-&-paste something else. The tag is used by Admins to keep track of 'protected' images on the Main Page. I don't think you want that on your images. Please check and fix. Thanks. -- PFHLai 21:16, 2005 May 3 (UTC)

Image:Temasek JC.PNG
Hello Syed Atif Nazir, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:Temasek JC.PNG) was found at the following location: User:Syed Atif Nazir. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not re-add the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 22:23, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Your VandalProof Application
Dear Atif nazir,

Thank you for applying for VandalProof! (VP). As you may know, VP is a very powerful program, and in fact the just released 1.3 version has even more power. Because of this we must uphold strict protocols before approving a new applicant. Regretfully, I have chosen to decline your application at this time. The reason for this is that. Please note it is nothing personal by any means, and we certainly welcome you to apply again soon. Thank you for your interest in VandalProof.  Daniel  06:23, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I have declined your request again. Please read the above.  Daniel  06:50, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Climibing Guide to Mount Kinabalu
I was going to nominate this for speedy delete for the following reason:

"This article more properly belongs on Wikitravel and is an example of OR and a travel guide."

Such an article would not notability guidelines and on top of that, it appears to be original research and your personal opinions, so I'm suggesting that you migrate the content over to Wikitravel instead of keeping it here. -- Broken Sphere 16:57, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Please do not post copyrighted material to Wikipedia without permission from the copyright holder. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) then you should do one of the following:
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 * If you own the copyright to the material: send an e-mail from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en(at)wikimedia(dot)org or a postal message to the Wikimedia Foundation permitting re-use under the GFDL, and note that you have done so on the article Talk page. Alternatively, you may create a note on your web page releasing the work under the GFDL and then leave a note at Talk:Climibing Guide to Mount Kinabalu with a link to the details.

Otherwise, you are encouraged to rewrite this article in your own words to avoid any copyright infringement. After you do so, you should place a tag on the article page and leave a note at Talk:Climibing Guide to Mount Kinabalu saying you have done so. An administrator will review the new content before taking action.

It is also important that all Wikipedia articles have an encyclopedic tone and follow Wikipedia article layout. For more information on Wikipedia's policies, see Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Butseriouslyfolks 05:40, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I saw your note on the article's talk page. To confirm your right to post this text, you need to either post a notice on your blog website that the contents are licensed under the GFDL or send the email to the OTRS system as noted above. I'm blanking the article per WP:CV pending completion of the process.  Also, you might want to take a look at WP:NOT, particularly the discussions on travel guides and "how-to" guides.  Thanks! --Butseriouslyfolks 07:47, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I have sent the email to permissions-en(at)wikimedia(dot)org already. pls help to resubmit the article. ~atif - 14:12, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

OK, you should be good now. Thanks for your contribution and quick action to confirm that it's your own work. Happy editing! --Butseriouslyfolks 01:12, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

please see WP:RS
answers.com is not a reliable source - yet here is the quotation from Britannica on that website: "The Arabic word islam means "submission" — specifically, submission to the will of the one God, called Allah in Arabic."  ITAQALLAH  13:52, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * we have 2 conflicting meanings of Islam's roots from these 2 sites: About.com and USC-MSA, which one to believe? ~atif - 15:00, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Three revert rule
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war. Note that the three-revert rule prohibits making more than three reversions in a content dispute within a 24 hour period. Additionally, users who perform a large number of reversions in content disputes may be blocked for edit warring, even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing. Please do not repeatedly revert edits, but use the talk page to work towards wording and content which gains a consensus among editors. Sef rin gle Talk 23:01, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of Quran
You're deleting stuff like "According to Jane Gerber, cowardice, greed, and chicanery are but a few of the characteristics that the Qur'an ascribes to the Jews." - you cant remove sourced stuff like this. Add in back in now. --Matt57 (talk•contribs) 16:04, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I changed it to paraphrase the sentence, it does not change the meaning! I do not like the tone you are using. However, as a symbol of goodwill I will revert the second para. ~atif - 17:17, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You're doing it wrong. This is the criticsm of the Quran section. What you have is the response to the criticism, it comes after the main material. --Matt57 (talk•contribs) 17:32, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As I said criticism is "The practice of analyzing, classifying, interpreting, or evaluating literary or other artistic works.", its a matter of choice whether to put positive criticism first or negative first. However, let's divide it like other sections into 'criticism' and 'response'. That will be more consistent with other sections of this article ~atif - 02:19, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Karen Armstrong
She is not a reliable source. She does not have qualifications. Arrow740 04:37, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * thanks ~atif - 06:50, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You can read about this on the talk page of Muhammad. Arrow740 01:35, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * See Talk:Muhammad. User:Merzbow is a respected, level-headed editor, as you can see from his user page. He agrees we should not use Karen Armstrong. User:Aminz, a very active Muslim editor, agrees that we should not use Karen Armstrong. You are the only person pushing the use of her. As such you are editing against concensus. Please read WP:CON, an official wikipedia policy. Arrow740 05:20, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * nobody is criticising Merzbow as not "level headed" and Aminz as not a Muslim editor. I have a problem when she is wrongly accused by you and others. As I have repeated many times, tell us why she is unreliable, until now what you have not come up with anything except she is not a scholar or phd or other rhetorics. ~atif - 13:53, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Merzbow did. Did you even read the talk page? Arrow740 14:10, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I answered Merzbow in the Talk, that he should not cite quotes from controversial figures like Daniel Pipes. I am not a huge fan of karen Armstrong, but unfair accusations will not work on Wikipedia ~atif - 11:38, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

re: translation of my name to Hebrew - a request
I've been away for a couple weeks. Would you like just a transliteration or an actual translation of the names (i.e. finding equivalent names in Hebrew or something like that)? A simple transliteration would be:

A more accurate transliteration could be done perhaps if I knew how you pronounce it in the original language (Arabic?). Best, nadav (talk) 15:33, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Armstrong
hello Atif, thank you for your message. i don't believe that Armstrong is being disqualified on the basis that her views are pro-Islam. there are many anti-Islam writers who are similarly unacceptable, such as Ibn Warraq or any other polemicist. the way we (should) judge sources is through what is specified at Reliable sources and Verifiability. the first is a guideline, the second is policy. both state that we need to use reliable sources to back up the material we insert. the basic rule is: all sources are unreliable until their reliability is proven. so we assume that anyone writing about Islam isn't a reliable source until we see evidence indicating otherwise. the usual way editors on Islam-related articles judge reliability is by looking at where the work has been published, and what the credentials of the author are. we typically expect an author to have been trained in Islamic studies, and/or the publisher to be of high academic repute (i.e. University of Oxford press). reliability isn't always a black and white issue, however. there are other indicating factors for reliability, such as how frequently the book is cited in scholarly journals (and in what manner), or how highly the author is regarded by qualified academics.

though she may appear frequently in the media (as do right wing neo-cons), Karen Armstrong doesn't have the academic credentials (as far as i know), nor do i think she is of high regard in academic circles - although i could be wrong. in any case, if you have evidence to suggest that she is reliable, the best place to present it would be on Talk:Muhammad. i would recommend you check out more respected works like Montgomery Watt's "Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman" which should be easily available at most good libraries. regards,  ITAQALLAH   16:20, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks Itaqallah for your comments. Was away on a vacation. Her most of the books on are on non-Islamic topics and I have found them very knowledgeable. I have never read about her anywhere as "controversial", in fact have read praises about her for her work other religions as well, not just Islam (1, 2 etc.). As Aminz pointed out her scholarly contribution at Muhammad:Talk also, Why is she then rejected in Wikipedia? The authors who are rejecting her pick a point or two and make a sweeping conclusion that she is unreliable or "low-quality" etc. Regarding her Islamic views, She has a viewpoint which happens to be conflicting with conventional Orientalist view, I feel THAT is the reason for which she is rejected? I will put in more detail in support of her ~atif - 05:33, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Welcome to VandalProof!
Thank you for your interest in VandalProof, Atif nazir! You have now been added to the list of authorized users, so if you haven't already, simply download and install VandalProof from our main page. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me or any other moderator, or you can post a message on the discussion page.  Daniel →♦  05:28, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use images in userboxes
I have removed the fair use images in your userboxes, since logos can't be used in userpages, per WP:USER. Cheers.  Mi r a n da   04:51, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Miranda, but the images are allowed in the main Dell/HP articles? can you point which clause is it to ban the images? ~atif Talk - 04:55, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of Muhammad
No, the reason you're reverting is that the fact that critics criticize Muhammad's sexual activities (with both slaves and wives) bothers you. The article discusses his sex with slaves very prominently. Arrow740 07:50, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * pls read the article again, its a small section talking about slave (Criticism_of_Muhammad ~atif msg me - 07:58, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Talk pages
Use them. All you do is edit-war. There are no grounds for the tags, that's why Aminz hasn't responded in two days. Arrow740 07:56, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * looking at the history, I can say the same thing about you. not responding does not mean that he agrees to it ~atif msg me - 08:00, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Respond to my posts on the talk instead of edit-warring about interpretation of sources you don't have. Arrow740 09:01, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Aminz is already responding to your points, point is you don't get it. He has gone at length to explain. Learn to accept others' views. ~atif msg me - 17:21, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Your statements are obviously false to any third party. Arrow740 00:14, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * that's what you say, anyone who takes a quick look at Muhammad Talk can easily figure out what kind of edits you are known for. ~atif msg me - 02:49, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Revert warring
Hi Syed,

Please be more careful in the future and discuss disputed changes rather than reinstating them repeatedly; you broke the three-revert rule at Criticism of Muhammad, but I protected the page instead of blocking because I felt that trying to foster talk-page discussion was the best option in this case, and blocking would not have helped discussion. But please be mindful of the rule in the future (and remember, too, it's a hard limit, not an entitlement to three reverts every day). Thanks. — TKD::Talk 02:19, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * TKD, apologies for the 3RR, unfortunately some people think their views are the "final say" and do not like to use Talk page for discussion ~atif msg me - 02:35, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's the three other editors' fault. Arrow740 02:45, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Its definitely not mine, Aminz and Itaqallah's fault. ~atif msg me - 02:51, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * That's not true at all; your edit-warring is never someone else's fault. --  tariq abjotu  03:49, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Ibn Warraq is unreliable
"A reliable source is a published work regarded as trustworthy or authoritative in relation to the subject at hand." In terms of criticism of Islam, Ibn Warraq edits compilations on the topic, participates in conferences, and is among the most authoritative sources in the world. Everyone knows that. Arrow740 04:27, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
 * may be lately you are not reading the talk page Criticism_of_Muhammad, he is anti-religious, extremist and you are ignoring his criticism. You still have to answer last Itaqallah's question on the Talk page. ~atif msg me - 04:50, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Fatima hall olf.jpg
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 * tagged ~atif msg me - 04:23, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Eid Mubarak
Your friendly neighborhood Muslim.

If you object to the above message, please remove it, accept my apologies and notify me on my talk page.
 * Your Eid Mubarak too, Atif! Cheers, --Aminz 08:36, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Uzair
I fixed it the issue was the lack of continuation in the article Ezra as son of G-d, then, Ressurection of Ezra, and finally Ezra as son of God--Java7837 04:25, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * thanks ~atif Talk 06:18, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

see Talk:Ezra --Java7837 21:39, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya
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 * rm some text and added reference to the external site (here) ~atif Talk 13:44, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Ezra
I was thinking since most prophet articles are called Islamic view of (Prophet) that this article might end being called Islamic view of Ezra if not ok but we should call it Ezra (Islam) incase a disambiguation for so much reason is needed to be made for ezra--Java7837 05:50, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * sorry, could you elaborate "if not ok but we should call it Ezra (Islam) incase a disambiguation for so much reason is needed to be made for ezra" ~atif Talk 05:56, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

I want all the Islamic view of Adam-> Adam (Islam), Islamic view of Abraham-> Abraham (Islam) do you agree with this and also would you be ok with naming the Ezra article Ezra (Islam)--Java7837 06:07, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Why do you want to rename them when they are all already and consistently named as Islamic view of (prophet)? ~atif Talk 06:26, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

It gives them a shorter name and the name of the figure appears first --Java7837 14:58, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Not Vandalism
I can see why you thought my edit at Prophet was vandalism, but it wasn't: I removed a relatively spurious passage which was added in the past couple of months or so, apparently in order to 'pad' the description of Judaism and obscure the perspectives of Islam and Christianity. By removing that paragraph, I restored the section to its form before the article was virtually 'vandalized. IMO, a discussion of 'Prophet' in the perspective of Judaism should start with an explanation of the Hebrew word 'navi' -- not an uncited claim that Judaism basically doesn't believe in prophets and prophecies after 586 B.C. 09:59, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of Islam is not "Islamophobia"
I've just reverted your edit on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy page.

I can see that you're adding "Category:Islamophobia" tags to other articles that document conflicts between Islamic norms and non-Islamic norms. In my opinion this is not proper, and I hope others remove your tags. --RenniePet 14:46, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
 * drawing insensitive cartoons is more than criticism and "Islamophobia" is also mentioned in the article.As per the definition of "Islamophobia", it should shows "prejudice or discrimination against Islam or Muslims". Also the Category says "article in question discusses or refers to the topic of Islamophobia. Adding this category to an article is in no way intended to imply that the subject of the article is Islamophobic." ~atif Talk 14:54, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I disagree, and I hope other editors remove all of your "Category:Islamophobia" tags.

 * Nasty cartoons about George W. Bush may be "insensitive", but do not constitute "Bushophobia". Cartoons that make fun of Christians, or gays, or white people are expressions of free speech, and don't necessarily imply phobias. --RenniePet 15:45, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Ezra in Islam
If you mention the Islamic view of the Jewish view of Ezra then you must mention the Jewish response as for NOPV.132.72.70.229 22:19, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Islamic view of the Jewish view
Hello. I think you are missing the point here. What you are bringing is not the Islamic view of Ezra; unless you profess to worship Ezra as a god?! You are bringing the Quranic view of the Jewish view of Ezra, something completely different. As such, it is a point that belongs in the detailed discussions about the Islamic view of Ezra, and not in the main Ezra article. It is overkill, unnecessary, and against WP:SUMMARY to have it in both places. -- Avi 13:49, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war. Note that the three-revert rule prohibits making more than three reversions in a content dispute within a 24 hour period. Additionally, users who perform a large number of reversions in content disputes may be blocked for edit warring, even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing. Please do not repeatedly revert edits, but use the talk page to work towards wording and content that gains a consensus among editors. -- Avi 14:53, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * what edit war? and you are wrong, read Kaiser's comments again as he is does not fully agree with you~ atif Talk 15:47, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Ten Commandments
Hi Atif, I am editing this article; currently it says the 10C are important in Judaism and Christianity. I was thinking of changing it to Abrahamic religions but I have no idea if they are considered significant in Islam; the article does describe analogous statements in the Quran but I have no idea if the 10C are considered generally significant in Islam in the way they are in Christianity and Judaism - thoughts? Kaisershatner (talk) 16:14, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
very much for your helps in improving the article. :) --Aminz (talk) 22:43, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Yay!!!
So exciting!!Where did you find the image?? Cheers, --Aminz (talk) 05:15, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Hi
Dear Mr Nazir, It is about the article on Dr Zakir Naik at Wiki. There was already a paragraph about "critics" as about most personalities these days. It is an established fact that Khushwant Singh did criticize him in his column. But you edited out my insertion about it out. Do you believe that my claim is bogus ? Also it is a known fact that his famous statement "...all muslims should be terrorists.." was a cause of worry for many an Indian, mostly among the responsible islamic establishments in India who are working hard to remove the stereotype misconceptions about islam. So I thought it necessary to be of mention as a "critics" paragraph was already there. Regards, Jon Ascton (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 12:51, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bringing up the point. I removed it because you have not quoted the source where you took the info from. If you can get the reference (book, website meeting WP:RS), it can be added back to the article. thanks. ~atif Talk 13:40, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Muhammad: A Prophet For Our Time
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RE:Havasu Falls
Hey Syed Atif Nazir, I noticed that at the bottom of your user page you have Havasu linked. This link will take you to a disambiguation page, and not the page you intended. I am trying to cleanup some disambiguous links, and I was wondering if you could change the link on your user page to Havasu Falls or for a direct path Havasupai. Thanks in advance and good luck editing! Gonzo fan2007 talk ♦ contribs 18:54, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Image:Moon split-1.jpg
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Infobox Mughal Emperor
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help needed
hi Syed I need some help in this article Criticism of Muhammad I want to add some sites that response to the critic but my links keep been removed without god reason.could you help me ? thank you Peacekeeper-89 (talk) 22:01, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

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Thanks 4 cont & To know method of image loading as title Own work
Thanks to u that u upload Mr. Irfan Habib(Historian) image on his wikipedia.I'm also wikipedia contributer.I lived where,there lived Mr. Habib. "Aligarh".

I want to know. How to u upload images in wikipedia as title "OWn WoRk"? Plz, sent method, How i can do that.

send me ,thanks. Jais chauhan 20:56, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

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Invitation
hi i want to invite you on to edit and watch edits going on barelvi and related articles.there is a serious wahabi pov push is going on this article including change of words modification of sentences.effort to show this movement in bad light. also these is a discussion on Wikipedia:Administrators'_noticeboard here.i think your input would be appritiated.178.150.156.219 (talk) 09:08, 23 May 2013 (UTC)

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File:Moon split-1.jpg
Hi,, can you take a look at this file? The date is weird and since you were the uploader, you might be able to fix this. I corrected some typos, hope you do not mind. Lotje (talk) 15:18, 19 August 2016 (UTC) date fixed. 2602:304:B20E:B290:5D31:32E0:91B4:B76C (talk) 18:32, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

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June 2024
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title: User talk:Syed Atif Nazir


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User talk:Icestryke

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Deletion of offending photo...
Thanks Icestryke! I was trying to be polite about it, but I agree that the photo that you were kind enough to delete from the security guard page was inappropriate and offensive. Good move! Thanks again. Captain Jason 22:42, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Image:1166486668965.png listed for deletion
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You may be interested in participating in the SGpedian's Notice Board, and maybe putting your name down. ;-) Welcome! -- Natalinasmpf 14:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Kelly hi! 13:31, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Preetamrai


text:
User talk:24yuenching

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dersonlwd Talk 07:36, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:24yuenching


text:
User talk:27wilsonfung

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dersonlwd Talk 07:38, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:27wilsonfung