text:
Military diving

Underwater divers may be employed in any branch of an armed force, including the navy, army, marines, air force and coast guard. Scope of operations includes: search and recovery, search and rescue, hydrographic survey, explosive ordnance disposal, demolition, underwater engineering, salvage, ships husbandry, reconnaissance, infiltration, sabotage, counterifiltration, underwater combat and security.

History of military diving
Military divers are essential to many missions and campaigns. Combat and demolition work, underwater and coastal reconnaissance, ordnance disposal, search and rescue, salvage operations, construction, ship maintenance and underwater engineering. Every branch of the U.S. military employs divers, and more than 40 nations have military diving units. Military diving is an occupation that has risks and responsibilities beyond those of other professional diving. Research and development in military diving equipment and procedures often eventually contributes to recreational and technical diving practice.

Military diving development was influenced by the development of submarine technology in the early 20th century. There were several serious accidents following the widespread deployment of submarines, and the main application for military diving at that time was salvage and later rescue and recovery operations. Submarine escape equipment development helped with early scuba development.

Combat diving.

Fleet and engineering diving.

Application of diving by branches of the military

 * Navy divers are used in ships husbandry, marine construction and salvage, demolition and mine clearance and special forces.
 * Army divers may be used in engineering activities such as bridge construction and demolition, and by special forces units.
 * Marine divers may be used for reconnaissance, preparation for amphibious operations, coastal demolition, disposal of explosives and special operations
 * Air forces frequently use divers for search and rescue missions.
 * In some countries the coastguard is considered to be a military force, and there are several applications for coastguard diving operations both operationally and for ships husbandry purposes.

Clearance diving
Clearance divers are specialists in underwater demolition, explosive ordnance disposal and improvised explosive device disposal. They are tasked with locating and destroying or recovering underwater ordnance at sea in ships, in the approaches to ports and anchorages, in port facilities and installations and in the coastal environment of amphibious operations.

Ships husbandry
Ships husbandry or ship husbandry is all aspects of maintenance, cleaning, and general upkeep of the hull, rigging, and equipment of a ship. It may also be used to refer to aspects of maintenance which are not specifically covered by the technical departments. The term is used in both naval and merchant shipping, but naval vessel husbandry may also be used for specific reference to naval vessels. Underwater ships husbandry includes hull cleaning, inspection, and some kinds of repair work.

Search and recovery
Underwater search and recovery is the process of locating and recovering underwater objects, often by divers. but also by the use of submersibles, remotely operated vehicles and electronic equipment on surface vessels.

Recovery techniques depend upon the type and size of the object. Smaller objects, can simply be carried up by the diver. Heavier objects represent a material change to the diver's buoyancy control, and may put the diver at risk from an uncontrolled ascent if contact with the object is lost during ascent. Medium-sized objects are normally recovered using a lifting bag. Lift bags can be rated up to several tons, but these require an independent supply of inflation gas. Large objects usually require specialised commercial lifting equipment.

title: Military diving


text:
Talk:Choe Sejin

Untitled
I found some relevant sources to expand on the biography of Choe Sejin. Most of the sources are in Korean, but I was able to find a short excerpt in English from a book titled "Treasures of the Yenching". Below are some sources I can go through to expand this wikipedia article, especially since the only source referenced in the article is now outdated and does not exist anymore. Yerimj (talk) 21:23, 22 February 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Yerimj.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:39, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Choe Sejin


text:
Talk:Chongjin

Untitled
Isn't the Korea Bay on the Yellow Sea side of Korea? Not the Sea of Japan (EAst Sea) side? Are there two Korea Bays? I don't have time right now, but later tonight I will look into this a little closer. Masterhatch
 * Right you are. See Korea Bay.  I pulled it out of the article. -- Visviva 10:23, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What would happen if an inhabitant of Chongjin ran into the Russian consulate so that he could eat and hopefully migrate to Russia? Embassy grounds are technically their country's own soil, so they'd be out of the DPRK's jurisdiction. --Shultz 15:47, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, but there's no reason why the Russian consulate would have to take them. They'd be turned away. --Reuben 09:06, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * So Russia is not keen on accepting political and economic refugees? They're a democracy now, so why don't they? --Shultz 10:42, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

When I think of Chongjin, why does the Pink Panther theme song start to play in my head, and only goes away as soon as I don't think of Chongjin anymore? Maybe it should become the "Municipal Anthem" as soon as Reunification occurs. --Shultz 10:42, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Chinese inspired redevelopment
I'm not sure if there ARE any other sources for this, but it looks like there is a massive and almost certainly notable chinese style megacity from scratch project going on here as per this and this. The website is paywalled, but you should be able to read these if you haven't yet reached the monthly limit of 4 free articles. The only reason I didn't make a section myself in the article was because i'm not sure if this can be considered a reliable source. The actual satelite photos are compelling, though... -- Free   Wales Now!   what did I screw up?   14:52, 14 August 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Chongjin


text:
Talk:The Chosun Ilbo

Korean empire?
Chosun Ilbo can't have reported critically on the pro-Japanese Korean king during the Korean Empire, as the Korean Empire ended in 1910 and the Chosun Ilbo was founded in 1920. Maybe the original writer was referring to the Korean family that still existed in some subordinate form during Japanese rule. I edited out the reference ot the Korean Empire near the beginning of the history section, but it could be put back in with some clarification if somebody knows exactly what the old text was referring to. --Reuben 18:59, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Definite article?
Choice of style: Chosun Ilbo or The Chosun Ilbo? I could go either way. You would translate it as The Chosun (or Korean) Daily News, with a definite article, but that doesn't necessarily settle it. If anybody knows what style is used when it's cited by English-language newspapers, that would probably be the best guide to follow. --Reuben 20:17, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The Chosun Ilbo folk use the definite article on their English-version site, FWIW. 202.89.139.117 09:14, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Shandong?
Anybody know anything about Japan sending troops to Shandong around May of 1927? This is in the current text, but Japan didn't invade China proper until 1937. Was this some other incident? Or perhaps the date is wrong? --Reuben 20:25, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

You are definitely wrong. See Jinan Incident, please.--刻意(Kèyì) 14:33, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The Chosun Ilbo → Chosun Ilbo — removal of the definite article 70.232.175.153 05:29, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add  # Support   or   # Oppose   on a new line in the appropriate section followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion using ~ .  Please remember that this survey is not a vote, and please provide an explanation for your recommendation.

Survey - in support of the move

 * 1) Support. Since neither Chosun nor Ilbo are English, the definite article is a real mystery. —   AjaxSmack     20:42, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Survey - in opposition to the move

 * 1) Oppose, as noted above the English-language website uses the definite article as part of it's title, and so should we. PC78 00:17, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments:

 * I leaned towards supporting this suggestion at first, but now I'm not sure. They call themselves The Chosun Ilbo on their English-language site, as noted in an old topic above. We have The New York Times and other articles like it at the full title despite the definite article. Is there a reason to think that this isn't an integral part of the English title? Dekimasu よ! 07:16, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. --Stemonitis 09:03, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

political allegiance
The Chosun Ilbo being considered more of a right-wing paper - what's its counter-part? Dong-a Ilbo? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.216.78.36 (talk) 21:28, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The Hankyoreh is probably the closest answer, although it doesn't bear nearly as much influence on the society as the top three newspapers—Chosun, Joong-Ang and Dong-A, all of which happen to be on the right side of the spectrum (they are often colloquially grouped as 조중동 Cho-Joong-Dong for that reason).  It is widely accepted that Chosun's stance leans much more to the right, even when compared to the other two; I can't think of any major far-left newspaper to balance that though. —blue-kun (talk) 19:51, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

First paragraph
In order to tidy up the English grammar, I might have changed the context slightly.

Chosun Ilbo has been undertaken annual inspections since Audit Bureau of Circulations was established in 1993.

was changed to

Chosun Ilbo has been undertaking annual inspections since the Audit Bureau of Circulations was established in 1993.

at (UTC) 17:08pm, 20/02/08. I assume this is what the first sentence (grammatically incorrect in English) means though if someone disagrees that this is what the original author meant please feel free to alter it further. Lstanley1979 (talk) 17:09, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

POV problems
I reverted this page because:

1. It had been rewritten as POV propaganda by a local activist with poor command of the English language.

2. The propaganda lacks adequate sources.

I am quite aware that the Chosun Ilbo is a very controversial institution among leftists and "pro-unification" activists in Korean society, and I am reading up on the issue. I will try to get to it in due time with adequate sources in English.Jayzames (talk) 01:41, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

More POV pushing
Again, removed clumsy, bad English POV pushing, i.e. " Also partly owing to far conservative style of writing, distorted perspective and fabrications, Chosun Ilbo is named as the mass media with the lowest credibility among Korean newspapers and TV stations" The source cited is:

1. In Korean, and not English, and this is English Wikipedia. It also doesn't say who did the survey, or who the respondents were. The closest I can figure out is that it was performed by Sisain itself or the Journalists Association of Korea (reference here). I don't think Sisain is likely to be a reliable source about a competing organization, and the Journalists Association of Korea appears to be a highly polemical lobby as well, as should be apparent from the caricatures on its homepage even to non-Korean speakers.

2. A survey performed by the BBC, Reuters and Globescan, all reputable sources, indicates that the Chosun Ilbo is actually the most trusted  among Korean newspapers ( BBC here, Globescan here).

3. The Chosun Ilbo is manifestly not an "extreme right" newspaper, if far right is to denote Nazism or Fascism. It is a conservative newspaper (by Korean standards).

Please edit this article in good faith (성의)and use a neutral point of view (중립적인 시각).

I will be adding some English language cited material to the "Criticism" section myself (here) Jayzames (talk) 16:03, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Why Hanja
Why does the infobox show a Hanja logo?

I don't see it on the newspaper's website, and in the printed version the name is written in Hangul. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 12:24, 1 June 2017 (UTC)

Is Chosun Ilbo ultraconservative and far-right?
I read the WP:DR, and it says we need to have some discussion here. As I have stated in my edit summaries, my edit is based on high-quality reliable sources. Chosun Ilbo is accurately defined as a conservative newspaper. This is not original research. And also using common sense, it would be ridiculous to go around in South Korea telling people that Chosun Ilbo is a 극우매체 or 급진우파. Res Iudicata (talk) 23:57, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Firstly I want to thank for your input. Also I really appreciate your behavior to keep WP:DR. I want to keep WP:AGF on your edit however you have removed the well sourced items due to original research (which is your own opinion). You should really keep these behavior from WP. I'll try to get other users to join this discussion. But as you know this article is seriously lack of other editor's interest and reliable sources. So I think it might take a quite long time to make progress on discussion. Please keep patient and wait until other users join the talk. Thank you for reading.

 * I have pinged other users to join this discussion. If you want to invite other editors for more fair discussion please feel free to do it.
 * Jeff6045 (talk) 00:15, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

I said my edit is based on high-quality reliable sources, and also that describing the Chosun Ilbo as ultra-conservative or far-right is a bias that needs to be rectified. You keep accusing me of doing original research, but I have cited several high-quality reliable sources, such as peer-reviewed journals that describe the Chosun Ilbo as conservative. You have not explained why my edit is original research and only disparage my behavior. You are also ignoring dispute resolution steps of notifying the appropriate dispute resolution boards and asking for an opinion from neutral editors, not the editors that you know or share a similar political inclination as yourself. Res Iudicata (talk) 09:14, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

These reliable sources describe Chosun Ilbo as conservative. These are high-quality reliable sources, including three peer-reviewed journals that are highly relevant to political inclinations of Chosun Ilbo. Res Iudicata (talk) 17:10, 10 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Press Freedom in Contemporary Asia - '''This change permitted leading conservative newspapers: Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo and Dong-a Ilbo - to open broadcasting channels...
 * How partisan newspapers represented a pandemic: the case of the Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea: In contrast, Chosun Ilbo, the right-wing newspaper, placed more...
 * News media’s framing of health policy and its implications for government communication: A text mining analysis of news coverage on a policy to expand health insurance coverage in South Korea - Chosun-ilbo, a conservative newspaper, tended to cover the financial feasibility of Mooncare.
 * "Ideological parallelism: toward a transnational understanding of the protest paradigm: In contrast, the conservative press in the US (Wall Street Journal) was closer in its coverage to Korea’s conservative publication (Chosun Ilbo), which was defensive of Park and her supporters.

 * Please do not change contents without any further discussion on the talk page. The issue needs to be discussed by multiple user not just by two of us. Jeff6045 (talk) 02:00, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Also, even though your sources might be reliable, don't you think it's a problem to delete well sourced items (such as sources of ultra conservative) due to your own view? Additionaly, I agree to add "conservative" on paper's political alignment. Jeff6045 (talk) 10:06, 11 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Accusing Chosun Ilbo, a mainstream newspaper in South Korea, of being ultra-conservative/far-right is an exceptional claim that requires high quality sources, per WP:EXCEPTIONAL. And even without this exceptional standard, what you describe as well-sourced items are poor sources. There are five cited sources that describe the Chosun Ilbo as ultra-conservative/far right. Two of them are opinionated statements by individual journalists in newspaper articles.. As for the books, they are WP:CHERRYPICKED sources. The absolute majority of available scholarly sources use the description conservative or right-wing, not ultra-conservative or far-right. The ultra-conservative description is used by three books according to a search in google books, and no peer-reviewed journal articles use that description according to a search in google scholar. The far-right or far right description cannot be found in google books or google scholar. In the academic community, the description of the Chosun Ilbo as ultra-conservative or far-right is rare(i.e. if you can find any) to non-existent. And sources from the academic community that describe the Chosun Ilbo as conservative are aplenty, with fewer sources using the description right-wing. Authoritative sources from Freedom House describe the Chosun Ilbo as conservative as well. Multiple documents from Reporters without Borders also describe the Chosun Ilbo as conservative or right-wing. To continue on the currently cited sources, there are three book sources. One of them, the book about the concept of Minjung, is clearly a book authored by a group of left-wing scholars, making it a biased source, thus infringing WP:NPOV. The one about transnational cooperation in Northeast Asia was also written by an anti-war left-wing scholar, thus also infringing WP:NPOV. I am not inferring that the value of their work is of low quality. Their work on the subject of Minjung and transnational cooperation in NEA are valuable contributions to knowledge. But my point is that they were written by political/ideological opponents of the Chosun Ilbo, thus making their comments on the Chosun Ilbo biased. Such biased sources, especially those that do not directly analyze the subject in dispute, i.e. the political inclination of the Chosun Ilbo, cannot be used to define the Chosun Ilbo with fringe definitions. The other book on use of English in Korea primarily describes Chosun Ilbo as conservative and only describes Chosun Ilbo as ultra-conservative once. And the context of the ultra-conservative description is Chosun Ilbo's pro-congolmerate stance, not far-right politics. To sum it up, all the sources that you claim are good fail WP:RS, WP:NPOV and WP:VER, three of the most fundamental policies and guidelines of Wikipedia. The absolute majority of what you can define as good sources define the Chosun Ilbo as conservative or right-wing, and that's how it should be defined in Wikipedia. Res Iudicata (talk) 06:01, 12 April 2020 (UTC)

 *  Comment . I found that there are reliable sources for both of the descriptions you are pushing and I am mainly talking about books. If I am to choose, however, I would favor the less incendiary label and/or cite both in the body. I am also noting here that the term "ultra conservative" has not been defined in the Wikipedia platform. Darwin Naz (talk) 23:21, 13 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your inupt, as well as further improvements to the article. They are much appreciated. You are saying there are reliable sources for both of the descriptions me or Jeff6045 is pushing. Can you please be more specific about these descriptions? Res Iudicata (talk) 17:42, 14 April 2020 (UTC)
 * The descriptions I am talking about are "conservative and "ultra-conservative". Both of these labels are used in reliable sources. For instance, the latter is used by these texts:  . The term "conservative", on the other hand, is used by these sources:    . Darwin Naz (talk) 23:16, 14 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you for clearing that out. I have noted earlier that high quality reliable sources that use the more incendiary terms are authored by left-wing intellectuals, who are political/ideological opponents of the Chosun Ilbo, thus making NPOV concerns relevant. And I agree with you that the less incendiary label should be used. For example, there are many high quality reliable sources that describe The Hankyoreh as radical and left-wing. Even the first cited source for Hangyureh's political inclination, The Korea Year Book by Frank & Hoare, describes it as radical in page 50. Many high quality reliable sources also describe it as a left-wing newspaper. It seems many left-wing entities in South Korea took a unique shift to the right in Wikipedia, examples being The Hankyoreh and the Justice Party (South Korea). Res Iudicata (talk) 17:52, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
 * You have a point. The challenge is that this would require an editor to make decisions as to who are these left-wing authors or ideological opponents in his use of sources and would probably lead to another debate. In addition to the reasons I stated in my previous posts, I would also like to note that ultraconservatism is a type of conservatism so the term conservative is still applicable if some editors insist on the ultraconservative label. Also, I have read a text, which I can't seem to find anymore, that identified a specific period in recent time when Chosun Ilbo took a more extreme conservative position. This indicates to me that the ultraconservative label is perhaps a recent development or that there are only specific incidents where it adopted positions that are considered extreme. Darwin Naz (talk) 22:38, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

"The Chosun Ilbo" or "Chosun Ilbo"?
We still aren't consistent on this, 13 years after the move request above. The page title has the "the", but the article text italicization does not. Which are we going with? {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 22:47, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

North Korean execution report under "Controversy"
"Chosun Ilbo reported a guy dead, then he turned out to be alive." is not a controversy, even if factual. That said, if Chosun Ilbo has received significant and verifiable public criticism over its record of false North Korean execution reports, that might be a controversy worth mentioning. 73.71.251.64 (talk) 21:57, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

Note to User:Sirdog9002: I did not "blank" the controversy section. I replaced text that did not describe a controversy with text that did. 73.71.251.64 (talk) 23:03, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

Oldest?
Is this really the "oldest" newspaper, having been founded in 1920? How do we define "oldest"? It's complicated even further given the newspaper's hiatuses for years at a time.

Seoul Shinmun descends from the 1904 The Korea Daily News, although it was succeeded by Maeil Sinbo in 1910. Furthermore, Gyeongnam Ilbo was founded in 1909, although it went on hiatus until 1946.

I think we need a more precise term other than "oldest"; "longest-running"? toobigtokale (talk) 22:03, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Hmm.. "longest-running under the same name" would be even more precise, given The Korea Daily News/Maeil Sinbo/Seoul Shinmun's history of mostly uninterrupted publication. toobigtokale (talk) 22:04, 15 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Why not just broaden the term and say "one of the oldest" or "one of the longest-running"?  MetropolitanIC  (💬|📝) 08:12, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Chosun Ilbo


text:
Talk:Chuncheon

Map is inadequate
$$Insert formula here$$

The map is just about useless for all but Korean specialists and residents. It must be related to an over-all Korean map. Kdammers (talk) 11:32, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Settlement Time
The article says the land was first settled about 1000 years ago, but gives city names in 600 and 700 AD. That's 1300 years ago. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.79.246.44 (talk) 22:28, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Reference problem
One reference says that east Asians visit a lot, but the reference doesn't say that at all - it just mentions some dam! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.143.60.30 (talk) 09:10, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

All down the middle of Myongdong are signs for Winter Sonata in Japanese, so I guess there must be a fair number of Japanese visitors. I haven't seen any yet though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.206.246.250 (talk) 12:46, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

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"County" or "county"?
– AndyFielding (talk) 03:55, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Sorry—I meant "County or country. WP won't let me edit my own Talk topics here on my phone, nor see previews when I create them. 🙄 – AndyFielding (talk) 03:57, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chuncheon


text:
Talk:Chuncheon-shi

This page was a duplicate and has been merged with Chuncheon.

 * Kokiri, we usually don't deleted such pages, but leave them as a redirect. Helps avoid (accidental) re-creation, and also satisfies authorship attribution requirements of the GFDL. See Duplicate_pages. Lupo 18:10, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chuncheon-shi


text: Talk:Chung Mong-hun

title: Talk:Chung Mong-hun


text:
Talk:Chungbuk Line

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title: Talk:Chungbuk Line


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Talk:Chungcheong Province

should this article have some mention of roh's attempt to relocate the capital in this area? it's fairly high-up on the roh moo-hyun page and this article probably gets a large amount of directs from there. just a thought 72.145.205.131 23:58, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

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White buffalo

A white buffalo or white bison is an American bison possessing white fur, and is considered sacred or spiritually significant in several Native American religions; therefore, such buffalo are often visited for prayer and other religious rituals. The coats of buffalo are almost always brown and their skin a dark brown or black; however, white buffalo can result from one of several physical conditions:

 * They may be albinos, in which case they will remain unpigmented throughout their lives, and may also have hearing and vision problems.
 * They may be leucistic, with white fur but blue eyes, instead of the pink seen in albinos.
 * They may have a rare genetic condition which causes a buffalo to be born white, but to become brown within a year or two as it matures.
 * They may be beefalo, a bison–cattle crossbreed, and thus have inherited the white coloration from their cattle ancestry.

Spiritual significance
The white buffalo is a sacred sign in Lakota and other Plains Indians religions. Chief Arvol Looking Horse is the current keeper of the Sacred White Buffalo Calf Pipe.

The story of the pipe is that,

"'Nineteen generations ago the beautiful spirit we now refer to as White Buffalo Calf Woman brought the Sacred C’anupa (Sacred Pipe) to our People. She taught the People the Seven Sacred Rites and how to walk on Mother Earth in a sacred manner. Pte-san win-yan. As she left, she turned into a young beautiful white buffalo and then she walked over the hill and out of sight. This is where she received her name, White Buffalo Calf Woman. She gifted us with the Seven Sacred Rites that still sustain our People today. The person who smokes the sacred pipe achieves union with all Beings. By smoking this C’anupa, you will make direct personal contact with the Great Mystery. . . Following the Way of this Sacred C’anupa, you will walk in a sacred way upon the earth, for the Earth is your grandmother and your mother and she is sacred. . .″"

The story is also a prophecy. White Buffalo Calf Woman told the people that she would return in the form of a white buffalo calf and that it would be both a blessing and a warning. When the white animal shows its sacred color there will be great changes upon the earth. The births in the early 1990s and 2000s of white buffalo calves were seen by indigenous Americans to be worrying portents. Arvol and many others interpret those changes to mean the current ecological crises taking place. If humanity continues to live without harmony with the earth it will be cursed, but if spiritual unity and harmony with the earth is achieved humanity will be blessed.

Individual white buffalo

 * In 1833, a white bison was killed by the Cheyenne. The Cheyenne killed this white bison during the Leonid Meteor Shower (The Night the Stars Fell) and scribed a peace and trade treaty on its skin. This event was documented by historian Josiah Gregg and other travelers on the Santa Fe Trail.
 * On October 7, 1876, a buffalo hunter named J. Wright Mooar killed a white buffalo in the Deep Creek drainage near Snyder, Texas. He retained the hide his entire life, despite reports that Theodore Roosevelt offered him $5000 for the hide. White Buffalo Park is presently located near the site of the shooting, and an adjacent ranch is the current resting place of the hide.
 * A bison named Big Medicine (1933–1959) was born in the wild on the National Bison Range on Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The name "Big Medicine" was chosen due to the sacred power attributed to white bison. Following its death in 1959, its body was preserved and is being displayed at the Montana Historical Society in Helena.
 * A white buffalo was recorded at the U.S. Army Arctic Testing Center, Fort Greely, Alaska. There is a copyrighted photograph of it in Seeing the White Buffalo by Robert Pickering. This buffalo was part of a herd that had been relocated from Montana.
 * A female named Miracle (not to be confused with Miracle Moon), was born at the family farm of Dave, Valerie, and Corey Heider near Janesville, Wisconsin, on August 20, 1994. Her fur fully transitioned to brown as she matured, and she gave birth to four calves of her own before dying of natural causes on September 19, 2004. Additionally, a calf born at the Heider farm died aged 4 days in 1996. A third white calf was born in August 2006 which died after being struck by lightning in November of the same year. Kathleen Buerer wrote a memoir about her 1994 visits to Miracle, "By the Side of the Buffalo Pasture".
 * Medicine Wheel, a white buffalo was born on May 9, 1996, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in Pine Ridge, SD on the Merrival farm. In 2000, Medicine Wheel escaped his pasture and was shot by a tribal police officer.
 * Mahpiya Ska (Sioux language) or White Cloud was an albino female buffalo born on July 10, 1996, at Shirek Buffalo Ranch. After her birth, she was loaned to the city of Jamestown, North Dakota, where she lived out the most of her life.  Through genetic testing, she was certified a true Albino American Bison. She died on November 14, 2016, shortly after being returned to her birthplace.
 * White Cloud had a white calf on August 31, 2007, which was named Dakota Miracle. While Dakota Miracle was white like his mother, he was not a true albino.  He lived out his entire life at the National Buffalo Museum in Jamestown before dying on June 28, 2019, due to complications from leucism.
 * Spirit Mountain Ranch donated a herd of white buffalo to the Sacred World Peace Church and Alliance, The SWPA has successfully bred six generations of white buffalo starting from a single white female, almost all with brown fathers. Their herd includes 17 white buffalo as of February 23, 2015:
 * Miracle Moon (female, born April 30, 1997), calf of Big Momma (brown). Miracle Moon (the first white of this line) has been DNA tested, and is shown to be 100% buffalo, or bison.
 * Rainbow Spirit (female, born June 8, 2000, calf of Miracle Moon)
 * Mandela Peace Pilgrim (female, born July 18, 2001, calf of Miracle Moon)
 * Arizona Spirit (male, born July 1, 2002, calf of Miracle Moon)
 * Sunrise Spirit (female, born May 22, 2004, calf of Mandela Peace Pilgrim)
 * Spirit Thunder (male, born May 27, 2004, calf of Rainbow Spirit)
 * Chief Hiawatha (male, born May 16, 2005, calf of Miracle Moon)
 * Tupelo Buffalo Park and Zoo in Tupelo, Mississippi, owns a white buffalo bull named Tukota ("Too-ko-ta")
 * A male white buffalo named Spirit of Peace was born on April 17, 2005, on the Blatz Bison Ranch in Fort St. John, British Columbia. Spirit of Peace died on June 1 of the same year, probably as a result of his premature birth.
 * A female white buffalo calf was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, on June 3, 2005, at Buffalo Crossing, a buffalo ranch and tourist facility. She was named Cante Pejute (Medicine Heart in the Lakota language) in a traditional ceremony led by Steve McCullough, a Lakota/Shawnee from Indiana.
 * A male named Blizzard was born in March 2006 on the farm of an anonymous rancher, who arranged to have the calf transported to Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in recognition of his spiritual significance to aboriginal people.
 * A third white buffalo was born on the Heider farm (see "Miracle" above) on August 25, 2006. The male calf was named Miracle's Second Chance and was unrelated to Miracle. The Heiders planned to breed the male with the descendants of Miracle, but during a thunderstorm late November 26, 2006, five buffalo on the Heider farm were killed in a lightning strike, including Miracle's Second Chance.
 * Lightning, formerly known as Kenahkihinén (Kĕ-Nah‛-Ki-Nĕn, from the Lenape language meaning 'Watch Over Us'), a male white buffalo, was born November 12, 2006, at Woodland Zoo in Farmington, Pennsylvania.
 * On May 31, 2008, a third white calf was born to a normal brown two-year-old at the National Buffalo Museum, Jamestown, North Dakota.
 * On May 9, 2011, a white buffalo calf Silver Spirit was born to Mother Miracle Moon
 * On May 12, 2011, a white male buffalo calf named Lightning Medicine Cloud (Wakinya Pejuta Mahpiya in Lakota) was born near Greenville, Texas during a thunderstorm on the ranch of Arby Little Soldier. In May 2012, less than year after its birth, Lightning Medicine Cloud was found dead, thought to have been butchered and skinned by an unknown individual; his mother was found dead the next day. A necropsy determined that they died of natural causes, from a bacterial infection called blackleg. In April 2012, Lightning Medicine Cloud's father was killed by a lightning strike.
 * On June 16, 2012, a white male buffalo calf was born on Peter Fay's dairy farm in Goshen, Connecticut. The calf was temporarily called Tatanka Ska ('white buffalo' in Lakota). Four elders from the Oglala Sioux Tribe, along with Fay and members of the Lakota, Seneca, Mohawk, and Cayuga tribes, performed a naming ceremony on July 28 at the farm; the calf was named Yellow Medicine Dancing Boy. Fay plans to care for the buffalo rather than sell it for meat.
 * On July 4, 2012, a white female buffalo calf named "Baby" was born on Steve and Carol Sarff's Countryside Buffalo Ranch in Avon, Minnesota. She died on July 20.
 * On May 7, 2016, a white buffalo mother gave birth to a white male buffalo calf at Sioux Valley Dakota Nation in Manitoba. As of 2022, there are eight white buffalo in Sioux Valley.
 * White buffalo can be found in the village of Questa, New Mexico.
 * Ghostbuster, a white female buffalo, was donated to the City of Hays, KS in the summer of 2017 by a local rancher (http://www.visithays.com/193/Bison-Herd)
 * On March 29, 2018, a white female buffalo calf named "Dušanka" was born at the Belgrade Zoo, Serbia. She was named after the Christian holiday of Pentecost.
 * On October 30, 2018, a white buffalo calf was born on Lakota Territorial land.
 * In June 2020, a white buffalo named ‘Faith’ was born at Bitterroot Bison in Lolo, Montana. She was moved to a sanctuary to be kept safe after discovering that she was blind.
 * In December 2020, Wildlife Prairie Park obtained two leucistic white bison from a farm where they were kept as pets: the male Tatanka and female Lakota. Tatanka and Lakota had one offspring in April 2021, Tallulah, who is also white. Tatanka died shortly after showing signs of illness in October 2022. Lakota gave birth to another white bison in February 2023.
 * May 3, 2021, White Buffalo calf Snow Moon was born on Siksika Nation.
 * June 16, 2022, a white buffalo calf was born on the land of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Tribe in Belcourt, North Dakota.
 * June 4, 2024, a white buffalo calf was born in Yellowstone National Park and was photographed a few minutes later by the visitor Erin Braaten. Lakota Sioux chief Arvol Looking Horse said in an interview with the Associated Press "The birth of this calf is both a blessing and warning. We must do more," while Troy Heinert, executive director of the South Dakota-based InterTribal Buffalo Council said that the buffalo appeared genuine as it has a black nose, black hooves and dark eyes.

In popular culture

 * A white silhouette of a bison is featured in the flag of the state of Wyoming. The bison is the state mammal; it is branded with the Great Seal of Wyoming. White represents purity, uprightness and one of the colors of the United States flag.
 * The U.S. National Park Service's Arrowhead Emblem, commonly worn as a patch on an employee's uniform, incorporates a white buffalo.
 * A charging white buffalo over crossed swords is used as the logo for the NHL team, the Buffalo Sabres. A white buffalo head was used from 1996 to 2006.
 * American hard rock musician Ted Nugent has a tune that he wrote and sings called "Great White Buffalo", alluding both to the creature and to the frequent conflicts between indigenous tribes and spreading pioneers. The track appears on albums such as 2009's Playlist: The Very Best of Ted Nugent.
 * The White Buffalo is a 1977 western film adapted from a novel of the same name, starring Charles Bronson as Wild Bill Hickok and Will Sampson as Crazy Horse, who hunt a rampaging white buffalo that haunts Hickok's dreams and killed Crazy Horse's child.
 * Red Dead Redemption 2 has a legendary animal quest where the player can hunt a white bison.
 * Canadian rock music duo Crown Lands (band) made a song called "White Buffalo" as the third song in a trilogy about indigenous rights. The song appears in the White Buffalo album released on September 16, 2021.
 * In season 3 of The Umbrella Academy (TV series) on Netflix, a white buffalo is mounted on the wall of the 'white buffalo-suite' in Hotel Oblivion, through which a gate to another dimension that allows for a universe reset can be accessed. This alternate dimension mirrors our own, since there, the rear of the buffalo is mounted on the wall instead. Later in the season it is said on a newscast that ancient people believed the universe rests on the horns of a white buffalo.

title: White buffalo


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Talk:Chungju

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Talk:Classical Chinese

Classical versus pre-Classical (and perhaps Literary) Chinese
pinging Balthazarduju, though this is a general topic I meant to bring up here: I think we should be clearer about the starting point for our working, intentionally permissive definition of Classical Chinese, because it's clear from the literature that simply "the Spring and Autumn period" is far too broad. All the sources I've read say that older writings (before, say, the 4th and 5th century BCE) like many poems in the Shijing, are "pre-Classical Chinese", with rather clear distinctions between the two (post facto) classifications.From the introduction of Vogelsang (2021), which quotes Norman (1988), emphasis in original: "(1) Classical Chinese is clearly distinct from pre-Classical Chinese, that is the language used in inscriptions and literature before the fourth century BC. In particular, pre-Classical Chinese is the language of Chinese canonical literature (which, unfortunately, is also often called ‘classical’), namely the Five Canonical Texts, 五經, which were written in an archaic—or in many instances: archaizing—language that differed considerably from Classical Chinese. Indeed, the vocabulary and syntax of pre-Classical Chinese was so different from the subsequent stages of Old Chinese that it apparently was no longer fully understood in the classical period. Significantly, the Five Canonical Texts ‘rarely served as a model for later writers’ (Norman 1988, 83): in this sense, too, they were classical. (2) On the other end of the time scale, Classical Chinese is distinguished from Literary Chinese. Whereas in the classical period the written language corresponded more or less closely to spoken language, this correlation became tenuous in the first and second centuries ad. While spoken Chinese evolved, the written language continued to be modelled on the classical language: it turned into a purely literary language, similar to Latin in mediaeval Europe. However, this literary language by no means remained true to Classical Chinese. While preserving archaisms and most syntactical structures, Literary Chinese was constantly infused with new vocabulary. Many elements of Classical Chinese grammar were no longer understood, so that they came to be used in different ways. Moreover, Literary Chinese developed an abundance of genres that each followed specific linguistic conventions. Thus Literary Chinese, while firmly based on Classical Chinese, developed in various ways that set it clearly apart from the latter." Due to this, I would suggest that pre-Classical get its own article (or a treatment at Old Chinese), but that Classical and Literary are both treated in this article—but if anyone else has any suggestions, I'd love to hear them. Remsense  聊  17:18, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The terminology Chinese canonical literature should be mentioned. Balthazarduju (talk) 01:34, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * It is an extremely clunky term, I don't think it is necessary per se. "Chinese" is redundant, I hope. Remsense  聊  01:44, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Isn't that more relevant to an article about literature than this one about language? In any case, although most authors (including Norman, Pulleyblank and Vogelsang) appear to agree that the Odes, Changes, Spring and Autumn Annals and much of the Documents are written in pre-classical Chinese, so the opening sentence isn't accurate. Kanguole 14:43, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I originally rewrote it as setting a bounds at the 4th century BCE, but I wanted to establish consensus before reverting it. Remsense  聊  21:02, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Balthazarduju, would you object to specifying the starting bound for Classical Chinese in the article as such?  Remsense  留  20:05, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
 * 5th century BCE is okay, but I would prefer a wider starting bound. Or use 6th to 5th cent. BC, per Peyraube "The Classical period proper begins with Confucius (551―479 BC), and ends around the founding of the Qin Empire in 221 BC. The attested language of the period was probably not very different from cultured speech." Balthazarduju (talk) 06:25, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Balthazarduju, So, with that passage in mind I think the 5th century is perfectly adequate as a label of this kind is ever going to be, when you keep in mind that even going by that definition, a plurality if not majority of Confucius's active writing, whatever that looked like, would've taken place in the 5th century BCE Remsense  留  00:01, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
 * (Balthazarduju just so you know—if I put it there too, that was my bad—the issue only being that 'circa.' literally means 'around', so it's an obvious case to reduce confusing, ungrammatical redundancy) Remsense  留  02:27, 15 December 2023 (UTC)

A few poll questions
Remsense 诉  05:31, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) I realize as I diagram the expansion of this article that I will be using "Literary Chinese" 90% of times, which is odd and feels slightly like POV forking. Does anyone have thoughts on this?
 * 2) Ditto with "morpheme" versus word—I am uncomfortable with using the word "word", as the assessment seems clear that words were not a concept, though we often use it as a synonym with "morpheme" when discussing Literary Chinese. But that convenience seems distinctly misleading here.

title: Talk:Classical Chinese


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Yeren

The yeren (, 'wild man') is a cryptid apeman reported to inhabit remote, mountainous regions of China, most famously in the Shennongjia Forestry District in the Hubei Province. Sightings of "hairy men" have remained constant since the Warring States Period circa 340 BCE through the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), before solidifying into the modern legend of the yeren. Generally, they are described as savage, strong, and fast-moving, living in mountain caves and descending only to raid villages in search of food or women.

Scientific interest in such apemen erupted in the 1950s and 1960s in conjunction with pseudoscientific discoveries relating to Bigfoot and the yeti, but pressure by the Maoist government to leave behind these kinds of legends and folk stories repressed further interest in the yeren until its dissolution in 1976. Afterwards, large expeditions were launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate alleged eyewitness accounts, footprints, hairs, and bodies as "yeren fever" took hold, with scientists working with an unprecedented reliance on citizen science. The yeren was often speculated to be a far removed human relative, such as Gigantopithecus or Paranthropus robustus. All forwarded evidence of the creature originated from known animals — namely bears, monkeys, and gibbons — and scientific interest waned by the late 1980s. Nonetheless, organized yeren research still persists, though no serious scientific institutions recognize such apemen.

The creature has become an artistic icon of wildness and nature, and was used in the wake of the Cultural Revolution to challenge sexually restrictive and egalitarian ideals, as well as to address deforestation and other environmental issues in China.

Antiquity
Oral traditions and literature of "wild men" and similar creatures have persisted for millennia in Chinese folklore. Their oldest ostensible appearance in writing may lie in the Jiu Ge ("Nine Songs") by Qu Yuan who lived from 340 to 278 BCE in the state of Chu during the Warring States period. His 9th Song speaks of a "mountain spirit" ; these characters generally refer to a human figure. The mountain spirit has variously been interpreted as a humanlike creature clad in a fig leaf, a yaoguai (a demon), or an ogre. In 1982, Chinese paleoanthropologist Zhou Guoxing discovered a 2,000 year old lantern with an ornament apparently depicting a "hairy man", which similarly speaks to an ancient tradition surrounding wild men.

Written reports of "wildmen" become more frequent in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), though they are quite inconsistent in how visually human these creatures are. Other supposed early descriptions of hairy wildmen include: "If you drink the blood of the feifei, you will be able to see ghosts. It is so strong that it can shoulder one thousand catties [500 kg] ... its upper lip always covers its head. Its shape is like that of an ape. It uses human speech, but it sounds like a bird. It can foretell life and death. Its blood can dye things dark purple, and its hair can be used to make wigs. Legend has it that its heels face backwards … hunters say that it has no knees"
 * The Yi Zhou Shu and Erya compiled in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE mention a fast-moving, long-haired creature using a character commonly translated as "baboon" that supposedly ate people:
 * The Erya also mentions a creature using a character translated as "orangutan", an animal not native to China, or more generally "ape". In 139 BCE, Gao Yu described the xingxing in the Huainanzi as having the face of a human but the "body of a beast".
 * In 650 CE, Zhao Yanshou detailed a band of maoren who scaled a city wall.

On account of their "wild" nature, these creatures were often portrayed as lustful, capturing and raping villagers, the latter especially if the victim was female. Usually referred to as the jue, these apemen purportedly lack females entirely and need to abduct and rape women to breed. The reverse is said for the "wild women" or "wild wives" or sometimes xingxing, where they would abduct and sling men over their backs, carrying them up the mountain to wed.

"Her lips had giant bite marks, the area around her genitals was broken open and torn apart [to the point that] all her bones could be seen, and there was more than a pint of blood mixed with white semen on the ground."

The exact name "yeren" has typically been used in the mountains of the Shennongjia Forestry District in the Hubei Province, though the earliest written reports of the yeren are from Fang County 90 km north of Shennongjia. In 1555, during the Qing dynasty, its local newspaper Fangxianzhi published a story about a group of yeren sheltering in nearby mountain caves which preyed on their dogs and chickens. In rural Hubei, the yeren were rumored to be the descendants of the runaway laborers conscripted to build the Great Wall of China. Other newspapers as well as Chinese natural history works, such as Li Shizhen's 1578 Compendium of Materia Medica, frequently mention yeren or similar apemen.

Description
Testimonies of the alleged creature typically agree the yeren walks upright and stands over 6 ft tall; is covered in tawny hair all over the body, especially long at the scalp; and has a face reminiscent of both an ape and a human. Other common descriptors include black-red hair, distended eyes, long arms hanging all the way down to the knees, and big feet. The yeren supposedly laughs when coming across a human.

Mao era
Reported sightings of apemen increased during the 20th century, prompting small scientific investigations in the 1950s and 60s. The first such expeditions focused more on the yeti, a similar apeman cryptid from Tibet, funded by the Soviet Yeti Research Commission. The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) headquartered in Beijing followed suit and included the yeti as part of its survey of Mount Everest in 1959. Prominent paleoanthropologist Pei Wenzhong communicated to Soviet colleagues a small collection of similar apeman reports across China. In 1962, another prominent paleoanthropologist, Wu Rukang, led an investigation of reports from the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in the Yunnan Province, but dismissed them as a misidentified gibbon. Separately, Professor Mao Guangnian linked the yeti with the yeren. His interest in the topic began when he heard his colleague Wang Zelin's story of an apeman shot dead in 1940 while in the field on behalf of the Yellow River Water Control Committee.

During the Mao era (1949–1976) under chairman Mao Zedong, fervent government campaigns aimed to squash superstitious beliefs and to quell debates surrounding mysterious apemen. They believed stories of yeren, ghosts, and spirits would impair productivity, such as by scaring farmers from tending to their fields, and circulating such stories were sometimes punishable offenses. Scientific interest quickly dwindled and Guangnian became one of the only scientists researching the yeren. He used primarily recent scientific reports and ancient literature as opposed to contemporary eye witness accounts. Other scientists, such as Pei, ascribed apemen testimonies to scientific illiteracy and strong superstitious beliefs among villagers in these remote areas, though they remained supportive of further study. Guangnian, nonetheless, argued that, by studying yeren, he could replace superstitions with scientific fact. He speculated yeren are the source of Chinese ghost and spirit folklore, much like how manatees allegedly inspired some mermaid stories. Soviet historian Boris Porshnev suggested these apemen are a relict population of Neanderthals, but Guangnian believed the yeren were far too primitive, more likely a descendant of the giant Chinese ape Gigantopithecus.

Post-Mao "yeren fever"
In 1974, historian Li Jian, the vice secretary of the Prefectural Propaganda Department of Shennongjia recorded testimonies from locals regarding the yeren, the oldest occurring in 1945. This earned Li the nickname "The Minister of Yeren". His work attracted the attention of Liu Minzhuang, a professor at East China Normal University, as well as several IVPP scientists, in 1976. As the Mao Era ended on the downswing of the tumultuous Cultural Revolution, the taboo against superstitions diminished, and popular Western works regarding the yeti and the similar North American Bigfoot were translated into Chinese. Coupled with Li and Liu's work and increasing commercialization with newly wrought publishing freedoms, interest in apemen surged as "yeren fever" took hold. In subsequent years, Liu would become the most prominent worker on the yeren, earning the nickname "The Professor of Yeren".

In 1977, Zhou Guoxing along with military personnel, zoologists, biologists, and photographers launched a yeren expedition in Shennongjia on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (though the group size was probably counterproductive, generating too much noise). Subsequent expeditions comprising scientists, technicians, government officials, and local villagers collected alleged footprints, hair samples, and sightings of the yeren, published in scientific journals, pop science magazines, and newspapers. Yeren hunts effected an unprecedented involvement of untrained laypeople, and was by-and-large fueled by citizen science. In 1981, the China Wildman Research Society formed with the help of the famous Chinese paleoanthropologist Jia Lanpo, and offered a cash reward for a yeren body, ¥5,000 dead and ¥10,000 alive (at the time, $1,750 and $3,500).

Much like Guangnian, the majority of scientists worked to prove these apemen were undiscovered early offshoots of humanity rather than supernatural entities, while a minority maintained they were misidentified ordinary animals. The most popular candidates include a descendant of Gigantopithecus or an undiscovered Chinese variant of the African Paranthropus robustus (at the time considered to be gigantic like Gigantopithecus). Another notable hypothesis, though not the most popular among scientists, was that the yeren are a backwards and unevolved race of modern humans, often supported by racist comparisons with local ethnic minorities. In 1984, local Li Mingzhi, when detailing his yeren sighting, remarked that at first he, "thought it was a local Wa woman climbing the mountains to collect pig food." The yeren being a far removed human relative would have confirmed several popular Chinese theories of the time, which depended strongly on Marxism. Most notably is Friedrich Engels' concept of "labor created humanity", because, despite being bipedal with hands free to labor, the yeren did not organize into a laborious society and remained evolutionarily stagnant. It would also support the Out of Asia theory (that modern humans evolved in Asia) which was being overturned by the now-popular Out of Africa hypothesis. Consequently, hypothetical yeren society was often characterized using Marxist feminism, a polygynous and matriarchal one. Yeren were also sometimes ascribed feelings of love and familial bonding; for example, in 1976, a pregnant yeren was rumored to be searching for her "husband" in Shennongjia.

By the 1980s, whole books about the yeren were being published, and a substantial collection of such literature has since amassed. Some yeren hunters — generally men — dedicated their lives to the chase, leaving their families behind. In 1981, Li received funding by the Chinese Anthropological Society to found the Chinese Yeren Investigative Research Association. Four of their exhibitions that decade garnered audiences upwards of 400,000.

Conclusion
As all expeditions had failed to turn up convincing evidence, scientific interest plummeted by the late 1980s. Alleged bodies, hairs, and footprints actually came from various known animals, including humans, Himalayan brown bears, Tibetan blue bears, Asian black bears, macaques, goral, and serow. Purported "monkey boy" skulls, supposed evidence of yeren/human hybrids, actually belonged to fully human children who suffered spinocerebellar ataxia. Since they usually are reported to have occurred at a distance, eyewitnesses may have misidentified bears, gibbons, and monkeys. Additionally, many eyewitness accounts were likely completely fabricated or embellished.

Following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, the government began constricting private organizations and discouraged the ideas and observations of lay peoples (including on scientific matters). Concurring with this trend, in 1994, Li's Yeren Association was subsumed by the China Association for Science and Technology (though it is largely funded by members instead of governments), and was renamed the Strange and Rare Animals Exploration and Investigation Committee. Further study is still not ubiquitously reproved in Chinese academic circles, though mainstream academia does not consider the yeren to be real. One of the only academics left attempting to prove the creature's existence is American anthropologist Jeffrey Meldrum.

In popular culture
Owing to their mysterious yet humanlike atmosphere, the yeren became a popular symbol in fiction writing of wildness and savagery. Kidnapping stories from antiquity have inspired modern, though usually far less graphic, imaginative retellings. Among the more popular was Song Youxing's A Yeren Seeks a Mate which erotically described an attractive female yeren with big breasts and long hair, as such a subject is often portrayed both in literature and by eyewitnesses. It was particularly significant as the yeren was described as a loving wife (to an abducted husband) and mother, and the story juggles feminine sexuality with traditional family values, concepts under much discussion and evolution subsequent to the egalitarian and sexually conservative Mao Era. Ascribing such qualities to a normally savage subject makes for easy contrast with "civilized" people with differing values, popular in the midst of the "primitivism" trend of the 1970s and 80s in China, which celebrated "primitive" ethnic minorities. In Post-Mao China, the yeren became an ideal of humanity in its natural state, untainted by the malices and vices of civilization, especially in reference to the humanitarian crises of the Cultural Revolution.

Alongside the giant panda, the yeren was also used to spotlight environmental issues in China in the 1970s and 80s, specifically widespread deforestation which many researchers were worried would lead to the extinction of the yeren before it could be discovered. "Yeren fever" may have been at play, among many other factors, in the establishment of the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in 1983.

Hubei capitalizes on the creature's infamy to attract tourists to remote villages within the province. A statue depicting a female yeren and her child exists within the nature preserve, serving as another popular tourist attraction.

In the film Big Trouble in Little China, one of David Lo Pan's henchmen, the Wild-Man, is based on the yeren.

title: Yeren


text:
Talk:Telecommunications in North Korea

POV
Look, I'm no fan of the Kim dynasty, but bias is bias, and it's got no place in an encyclopedia. Take the following statement:

"Broadcasting in North Korea is tightly controlled by the state and is used as a propaganda arm of the ruling Korean Workers' Party."

I could swap "the United States" for "North Korea," and "corporate elites" for "Korean Workers' Party," and it would be every bit as factually accurate, but it wouldn't last 30 seconds in Communications in the United States or Media of the United States or any similar article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.105.246.237 (talk) 21:23, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

 * You can't just swap out nouns and expect the statements be factually accurate. The Reason it says that Broadcasting is tightly controlled by the state (Korean Workers' Party) is because it is. Look at Media of North Korea, It quotes the North Korean Constitution on the role of the press is to "serve the aims of strengthening the dictatorship of the proletariat, bolstering the political unity and ideological conformity of the people and rallying them behind the Party and the Great Leader in the cause of revolution." If that doesn't sound like the definition of a press that is designed only to propagate propaganda then I don't know what is. Soimless (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 21:21, 7 November 2010 (UTC).

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Citation 1 (https://www..google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ibEty2mMXqIy3bSmsoDHwZHucyAQ?docId=CNG.0e047bc83b96aca9b131f057f9a2dd13.3c1) is an invalid link. The article would be improved if the correct link was inserted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DanielShields50 (talk • contribs) 21:41, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Telecommunications in North Korea


text:
Talk:Telecommunications in South Korea

Broadband speeds
It'd be nice to see information on the broadband speeds available in South Korea. Living in Australia where the speeds are controlled by the Telstra monolpoly - I could see how far behind the latest we are. Regards, JohnI 01:10, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Telecommunications in South Korea


text:
Talk:Culture of South Korea

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 August 2019 and 15 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sarahyonin. Peer reviewers: U1012256.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:41, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Janefreist. Peer reviewers: Janefreist.

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Requested move
Heroeswithmetaphors (talk) 16:43, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

What is Noraeda?
What is Noraeda? Is this an equivalent word for Karaoke? I'm a Korean but I've never heard of Noraeda. For me, if it sells liquors it's a Karaoke, if it doesn't it's a Noraebang.

 * I have no idea what "noraeda" is...a google search for 노래다 only gives things like "좋은 노래다," as in 노래 + 이다. The page history shows an edit by someone who wasn't logged in, has only made one other edit, and apparently didn't know what they were talking about; so I have removed "noraeda."  --Sewing 16:05, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Noraeda? Noraehada is a verb that means "to sing" (derived from the noun Norae which means song and Hada which means to do, Noraebang is a word that literally means song room with 'Norae' meaning song and "bang" meaning room. Also Korean noraebangs to serve alcohol and is the equivalent word for Karaoke (not Noraeda). --Rufus 14:31, 13 September 2005

Kim Jong-Chul
Somebody might like to visit my article on Kim Jong-Chul (Kim Jong-Il's son), and see the footnote on a Korean poet of the same name. He might be worth an article. Adam 09:23, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * He now has one. Kokiri 10:13, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * As you both know by now, I've moved the abovementioned articles to Kim Jong-chul (political figure) and Kim Jong-chul (poet) respectively. Thanks for the heads up regarding the poet, Adam: we now have 2 brand new articles for the price of 1!  --Sewing 15:56, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Korean Movie Database
For the so-called Korean Movie Database in external links, it is maintained in Hong Kong, written in Chinese, and doesn't seem to represent much of Korean movie culture and trends. Suggest fix it with http://www.nkino.com/movies/, http://movie.naver.com/ or http://movie.daum.net/ --PuzzletChung

Removed this section:
Modern Korean culture -   - Dramatic changes in culture in the Republic of Korea after the 1990s with startling changes in politics, post-Shiri films, and an opening of a Korean cyber-culture are discussed here. A central shift is a reinvention of Korean culture that ceased blindly copying American culture and values, to bring in a new Korean original creative perspective merging technology and tradition. -   - This involves a new generation of Korean products: comics, novels, animation, a resurgence of Korean opera and Korean old-style classical music with new age percussion influences; conceptual art, performance art, and the rediscovery of Korean art traditions through the Insadong art gallery area in Seoul. It also includes new attempts at breaking the rules in film, longer more complex stories with ensemble acting, and a new aesthetic of originality and cultural honesty. -   - It also chose different venues for creative activity: instead of the WW2 machine age era of nightclubs and traditional social culture around heavy drinking, the post-modern generation moved on to pc-bangs, a Korean word for cyber-cafes, where bubble tea and coffee and high energy drinks were served. Alcohol has never driven the computer world, and a generational shift from the machine age post WW2 culture to fast-thinking videoscreens happened quickly in Korea; and has also been more inclusive of women's contributions especially as unique individuals. -   - To some extent as well, the post-modern generation in Korea are the first generation raised without fear of impending war; and this has resulted in a more open optimistic cultural liberty. As well this is the first generation to have explored the world by back-packing, internet chat rooms, and learning by their own experience on their own terms rather than following the rote procedures of Korean educational training that shifted uneasily between imitating 1940s hard machine-age unworkable American models and the intense demands for technological sophistication forced by the powerhouses of asia. Sophistication won.

Basically, I thought it was a bit too light on actual details and a bit too heavy on editorialism (hard machine-age unworkable American models, anyone?) Plus, the entire content of this section is pretty much covered (minus the editorial bias) in other sections. I also have my doubts as to the originality of the content of this section... it certainly looks to me like it was copied from somewhere. At any rate, if someone wants it back in, feel free to add it back... I won't remove it a second time.

Cleanup Tag
No reason for cleanup given, article seems to be in decent shape. Removing tag. PhatJew 20:25, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Influences
Some stuff on Halyuh (the Korean wave) would be nice. Nissi Kim
 * Agreed; see Korean wave for some information that could be summarized here. -- Visviva 04:23, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Wow
The article says:

Supporting the Korean film industry have been strong government controls against copying and bootlegging and piracy, which have allowed the film industry to bring out many films, and make a profit and still have very strong DVD and aftermarket sales.

Sounds like advocacy from a trade group.

 * Hmm. It doesn't really explain why you can buy pirated DVDs on street corners throughout Seoul, though, does it/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.240.61.2 (talk) 06:02, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

See also: Fan death?
I don't think that the "fan death" phenomenon deserves a direct link under the "See Also" section of the Contemporary culture of South Korea article—"fan death" is completely tangential to mainstream contemporary Korean thought and culture. While it is a curious belief, it hardly figures largely in the culture of S. Korea. Seeing as there is already a link to "Korean topics" (under which, I assume, "fan death" will be listed), I respectfully request that the "fan death" link be removed so as to avoid people unfamiliar with S. Korean culture developing an exaggerated idea of its currency/significance. As present, its inclusion is irresponsible, and does not conduce to the correct understanding of Korean culture by people unfamiliar with it. Imagine if, under the American Culture article, someone put a link to "See Also: Crocodiles in Sewers"! Ridiculous! It is a hack exoticization of the "Mysterious Orient". —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 124.62.255.251 (talk) 14:57, 28 April 2007 (UTC).

Removed robotics section, overall rewrite needed
What do the technical details of the latest advances in robotics have to do with contemporary culture of SK? I've removed the section, but I don't think the problem stops there. Reading through the article, I get the feeling that the whole thing reads like a publicity piece, seemingly more intent on promoting SK growth and advances than discussing the actual contemporary culture of SK. A great deal of the article is devoted to the business performance of various industries and comparing their success to other countries, while little is said about how all this actually affect the culture. Perhaps I'm suppose to deduce from the article that conteporary culture of SK, as a whole, is obsessed with business success, but even then it could have been better stated. I hope someone knowledgeable would try to rewrite the article. Uly 21:41, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Journalism
The article makes it sound like OhMyNews is the only source of news in the entire country. I added a link to South Korean media, but this section needs serious help from someone who is more familiar with the Korean media landscape. — AKADriver ☎ 16:43, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

not enough emphasis on gaming
how can there be only 1 line regarding gaming in korea??

gaming is a SIGNIFICANT part of contemporary korean culture across ALL AGE GROUPS. (almost all gamers in korea are pc gamers. console gaming is not big in korea)

Gaming in korea is NOT limited to starcraft. In fact, majority of gamers in korea play MMORPG's.

WoW is not the only mmorpg's played in korea, but there are more than a dozen MMORPGS ran and operated by korean gaming companies which totals have millions of users. (example, lineage, guildwars, ragnarok, many more) most of these mmorpgs seek userbase by ADVERTISING ON TV CHANNELS.

some examples of random Korean mmorpg websites: http://12sky.paran.com/board/board.asp?bdname=Knowhow http://www.mabinogi.com/

another type of game that is widely played in korea is FPS. And NO, not many koreans play counterstrike. These are examples of their fps. http://suddenattack.netmarble.net/ (sudden attack) http://pmang.sayclub.com/specialforce/specialforce_home.nwz (special force) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.5.234.103 (talk) 16:51, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Rewrite
In short this article is a mess. There isn't a single citation and while some it can certainly be observed here, editors who live outside Korea can't really verify it, and verifying it in that manner is the equivalent of original research. If people want to start adding sources that meet WP:V please do so, but in the absence of that I'm going to start looking for my own and stub the article to whatever I find. This has just been tagged far too long, with no genuine attempts to clean up.--Crossmr (talk) 10:27, 3 September 2008 (UT

Terrible article
This entry seems to only be about modern Korean popular culture rather than the academic, social scientific definition of 'culture' defined by wikipedia as 1. An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning 2. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.

I agree. Add other aspects of S.korean culture rather than just pop culture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.254.111 (talk) 15:36, 17 April 2011 (UTC)
 * That's addressed in the culture of Korea. There is basically no difference in culture (traditional) between the NK and SK, except in modern/popular culture, so that's what this article is about. - M0rphzone (talk) 05:57, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Film
"The King and the Clown" was at one time the most-seen ROK movie. It also was considered as break-through in terms of its "open" handling of homosexuality. Why isn't it mentioned? Kdammers (talk) 06:47, 23 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, nobody added it. If you can find sources, feel free to. I'll try and add this to my to-do list, and maybe actually get this to GA (It's a long way away) NativeForeigner Talk/Contribs 06:50, 23 June 2010 (UTC)
 * It's discussed on the Wik page for the film. I'm not usre how to smoothly fit it in to the discussion here. Kdammers (talk) 09:32, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

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New To This

 * Hello Everyone, I'm new to editing on Wikipedia. I have a few questions and maybe a suggestion for this page. First, why are the topics you have chosen to list in this article important to Korean culture? and second, How do you decide what is the most important topic to add to this wiki page? I also have a suggestion, I think the dialog could be a bit less opinionated. It sounds a bit one sided. I am very interested in all of your thoughts and opinions about my questions and suggestion. Thank you for all your awesome work on this page! I'd love to help contribute to this source! let me know how I can be of help!ALeverich (talk) 02:11, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

Adding the topic of South Korean cuisine
Hello everyone, I don't see much about the food culture in South Korea so I will be adding some information about that right below or before the heading of "drinking games". I want to add some history about the food and food culture of South Korean as well. Some citations I will be using are https://factsanddetails.com/korea/Korea/Life/entry-7250.html Links to an external site. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Assoc-Prof-Dr-Rashad-Yazdanifard/publication/279205576_The_Review_of_Mokbang_Broadcast_Eating_Phenomena_and_Its_Relations_with_South_Korean_Culture_and_Society/links/5590c7c108ae47a3490edd92/The-Review-of-Mokbang-Broadcast-Eating-Phenomena-and-Its-Relations-with-South-Korean-Culture-and-Society.pdf?origin=publication_detailLinks to an external site. Fernandar2001 (talk) 19:43, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

Film - Train to Busan
I am planning to work on this article in order to add in a small paragraph to the Film and Television section of this article about the film Train to Busan. The first couple of paragraphs in this section are a little dated, and more current films (2020-) like Parasite, are only mentioned briefly at the end. Train to Busan (2016) is a widely known Korean film that did successful inside as well as outside South Korea. I wanted to add, the film title and director as well as it's worldwide grossing intake and its all Korean cast.

Here are some of the citations that I would be using:

Lee, Sangjoon. Rediscovering Korean Cinema. University of Michigan Press, 2019.

Pascuzzi, Francesco, and Sandra Waters. The Spaces and Places of Horror. Vernon Press, 2020.

Lima, Leo Noboru. “The 10 Best South Korean Directors of All Time.” /Film, /Film, 30 June 2022, www.slashfilm.com/913743/the-best-korean-directors-of-all-time/.

Klein, Christina. “Why American studies needs to think about Korean cinema, or, transnational genres in the films of Bong Joon-ho.” American Quarterly, vol. 60, no. 4, 2008, pp. 871–898, https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.0.0041. Daniuofu (talk) 22:55, 5 November 2023 (UTC)

Adding More to the Traditional Culture Section
I am planning on adding to the topic of traditional culture by adding a section for Korean holidays such as Chuseok and Seollal! UofUmadi (talk) 19:37, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Culture of South Korea


text: Talk:Culture of North Korea

title: Talk:Culture of North Korea


text: Talk:Daegaya

title: Talk:Daegaya


text:
Red green

Red green or Red Green may refer to:

Politics

 * Eco-socialism, an ideology merging aspects of Marxism, socialism, green politics, ecology and alter-globalization
 * Islamo-leftism, a political alliance of leftist (red) and Islamist (green) political movements
 * Red-green alliance, an alliance of "red" social democratic or democratic socialist parties with "green" environmentalist parties
 * Red-Green Alliance (Denmark), a revolutionary socialist and environmentalist political party in Denmark
 * Red-Green Coalition, a centre-left coalition of Norwegian left-wing and environmentalist parties
 * Red-Greens (Sweden), a cooperation of red (leftist) and green (environmentalist) political parties in Sweden

People

 * Red Green (ice hockey) (1899–1966), Canadian professional ice hockey left winger
 * Steve Smith (comedian) (born 1945), Canadian comedian who portrayed his Red Green alterego on The Red Green Show

title: Red green


text:
Talk:Daegu

Population
The article says 4 largest and bigger then Incheon but article about Icheon says that it has 2,466,338 and Daegu has 2,500,000 which means Daegu must be bigger and therefor number 3 biggest?? Lennart.larsen 07:14, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * As of the 2000 census, Daegu was larger, although not by very much. However, according to citizenship registration figures (somewhat less reliable than the census), Daegu had a population of 2,539,738  at the end of 2004, while Incheon had 2,610,715 .  More tellingly, Daegu's population appears to be dropping slightly, while Incheon is continuing to grow.  So until the census results of 2005 are announced, Daegu may technically remain the 3rd-largest city, but there does not seem to be much doubt that it has been surpassed by Incheon.  Pity, really... I can't understand how people can survive in Incheon, let alone what might drive them to move there.  Anyway, I guess this info should be added to the article.  -- Visviva 11:12, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Someone changed the article and I fixed their attempted change. Clearly, the cities are about the same size, but the official government [website] lists the order as Seoul, Busan, Daegu and then Incheon so that's how I left it.Swegner 08:50, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * But actually the results of the 2005 census have been released by the NSO in Korean (not yet in English by KOSIS)... The results (or rather a summary) can be downloaded in PDF or HWP from here. On page 13, we find that Incheon's 2005 total was 2,531,000; on the other hand, Daegu's population fell slightly to 2,465,000.  Sad but true:  Daegu is now #4.  -- Visviva 14:39, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Followup: The above link is now broken, but I have added a ref with a stable link to the online NSO database.  There doesn't seem to be much doubt; and in fact today I found 2003 statistics that already showed Incheon in the lead; guess it would be overkill to cite that.  It is really a pity; I can't imagine how anyone could choose to live in Incheon (or even how what Incheon offers could be called "life"), but there seem to be about 2.5 million people who feel otherwise.  -- Visviva 08:46, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * An anon. IP account used for vandalism only is responsible for changing the introductory text that states and sources that Daegu is No. 4 according to the 2005 census. I've been changing it back, but I urge the anon. vandal to READ the introductory paragraph and this part of the talk page. Your edits are false and cannot be tolerated by this encyclopaedia project. Mumun 無文 11:57, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

The fame of Daegu Yeoja, Seongju apples, etc
it might be difficult to provide citations for assertions such as the ones about the fine 50% of Daegu and apples, which by the way are offically Seongju apples, I think (didn't realize that they were exported, however, which is what the statement in the article implies). These are popular cultural assertions that everyone living in the local area hears and incorporates into their realities as Gyeongbuk people, and so they are important to include in articles such as this. How shall we deal with providing citations for such popular well known beliefs? Perhaps there are Korean publications about local Daegu culture that we can cite? PLease give your thoughts. Mumun 19:46, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * An interesting conundrum... For the first point, surely a photo of Dongseongno on a Saturday night would put any disputes to rest. :-)  There must be a semi-reliable source that at least touches on the matter, but so far this Ohmynews piece is the closest thing I've found, and a random citizen journalist's opinion probably isn't enough.  지리로 읽는 대구 이야기 has a whole chapter on the men and women of Daegu, but from a purely demographic perspective.  At any rate, the bit about the apples is fairly solid; I see export is mentioned in 내고장 의미찾기: 대구권역편, circa 1995, p. 51, and also here (and I'm sure better sources are out there).  Although how "famed" they are I can't say.  In general, I think we can find sources for most things that are worthy of note, but it will require some work. -- Visviva 05:58, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

recent edits to Daegu people
looks like vandalism, especially the stuff about biting fishcakes, etc. Would the persopn who added this highly unusual material please explain themselves fortwith? Of what importance is such material for an encyclopaedia that is supposed to introduce Daegu to the general public. Relevance? Mumun 16:16, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed the paragraph. The parts that weren't bizarre, unreferenced & irrelevant simply duplicated information from the "History" section. -- Visviva 16:24, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Citizen soccer team
What is a "citizen soccer team", of which we say that Daegu FC is one of the best? Does it simply mean an amateur team? 219.78.126.3 (talk) 16:46, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Promotional content in this article
In May there were a number of problematic, promotional edits to this article by an account that might have been associated with the city in some way. They can be seen here. Help in eliminating promotional language would be appreciated, per WP:PROMO and WP:WEASEL. Dekimasu よ! 17:54, 13 August 2018 (UTC)
 * My fixes from today can be seen here. Please feel free to add anything warranted, but please also be careful not to readd promotional language or content. Dekimasu よ! 18:15, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

Hi, it's October now and I just reverted some more edits by the same user that were made a month after you posted this. These edits also seemed promotional. I just thought that I should continue this section of the talkpage, to let everybody know that this might be a reoccurring issue and I also had to change a large potion of the article and that deserves more explanation than I put in my edit summary. Anyway, I hope my reversions were okay. Some other edits got caught in the cross hairs and I'm going to try and restore them if still relevant. GreenLipstickLesbian (talk) 03:37, 7 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:22, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Daeguinternationalairport.jpg

Recent Edits
, I am summoning you here to talk about the fact that you just reverted all my edits, including reverting my reversion of the content added by. Most of the stuff added by them was unsourced and, in my opinion, a violation of W:NPOV. Such examples include information about the cities logo & brand character replacing the city's history, the sections talking about site-seeing written in the second person(a violation of WP:YOU, the deletion of all mentions of accidents. There might also be some violation of MOS:HEAD with the fact that a bunch of the section headings are bolded, but I'm not 100% sure on that. There's also with the issue that that large majority of sources got deleted. Basically, would you like to talk about this here in the talk section? Thanks for your time! GreenLipstickLesbian (talk) 13:41, 8 October 2018 (UTC)

 * There are many things to object to in 's two edits on September 26th. The user removed a LOT of content (some 22,xxx bytes) without explanation, summaries, or consensus, while adding unsourced material and changing section headings. Also there is bad English there, such as "Based on the excavation of relics back to the Paleolithic Age in Wolseong-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu." (not a complete sentence) and "Daegu is a basin topography...". Mark Froelich (talk) 00:04, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

Material Removal
Hi, I just reverted some of your edits(again, I'm sorry!) and as I stated I'm continuing to discuss them here on the talk page. Basically, I reverted them because other wikis aren't generally considered to be reliable sources. Also, some of your information was repetitive, like the section on Daegu becoming a metropolitan city. That information was already in the previous section. There's also the issue of some of the headings violating MOS:HEAD, with being bolded and with adding inline citations directly in the header. Finally, some of the information, while it may be verifiable, doesn't seem worthy for inclusion in an encyclopedia. Information about the number of households in the city, for instance, while an interesting statistic, doesn't seem notable enough to be a part of the encyclopedia article. If you disagree with me, that's fine, but I just figured that we could sort this out on the talk page rather than through edit summaries and possible gather others' inputs. GreenLipstickLesbian (talk) 21:31, 12 November 2018 (UTC)

Hello again, I hope I'm pinging you right! I see that you reverted the material removal I did, which is a-ok, but you didn't leave an edit summary explaining why you did, and those same violations I spotted are still in the text? I'd just like to talk here before we get into an edit war or something, so I'm reverting you again. The bolding of the heading is something I don't want to stand, because I'm pretty sure it's an issue for vision-impaired viewers who have to use screen readers, and everything else I explained pretty clearly up above I think. (please, let me know if I didn't) I'd just like to come to an agreement here! Thank you so much for when you take the time to respond! GreenLipstickLesbian (talk) 23:29, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I feel there was another questionable statement in the removed material. It was mentioned that Daegu was the "final bastion of the Korean War of defencing (sic) against the North" in June of 1950. Surely, that would've been the Busan Perimeter later in the year, no? Mark Froelich (talk) 00:06, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

Hello, I just want to update the page. And I do not understand why my edits especially on the population numbers on every Daegu districts, kinds of industry that Daegu has, Universities and locations in Daegu, etc are promotional content. Are they consider as promotional content? Thank you. Daegucity.kr (talk) 17:30, 2 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I wasn't really calling your most recent edits promotional, the users on your talk page were so if you want a good response, I'd recommend asking them! (I briefly said that they might have NPOV issues, but I was more focusing on the RS aspect of it) However, it does seem that your edits were promotional, especially those concerning the population numbers. Generally, population breakdowns by exact sex and the number of households would not be considered as notable, although verifiable. However, in this case what is especially making this addition troubling is the lack of reliable sources. Other Wikipedia are never reliable sources, but even still, that information you cited does not appear to be in the Korean article. Claiming that information comes from a particular source when the information is not in fact included in that source is a bad idea. It's possible that it changed since you added, I don't speak Korean so I can't check other than with Googletranslate, but it's another reason why Wikipedia tends to make a bad source. This problem is again seen in the other information you added.
 * Also, a lot of the way you phrased your information would be better fitted to a tourist guide rather than an encyclopedia. "Becoming a Metropolitan City" for example. It's a bit vague and it also runs against the guidelines of Wikiproject:Cities. Also, the information it had was already included in the above section "Partition" This, when combined with the fact that your account is named after the city and the korean domain ending, makes your additions seem more promotional.
 * I'm sorry that's not very specific or probably helpful. I'm really bad at explaining other's ideas, so you might have a lot more luck if you go and ask them! Regardless, I'm really glad I got to talk to you finally here on the talk page. You seem really devoted to trying to make this page better and I'm sure we'll work this out eventually! Also, sorry for waiting a couple of days before responding. There's been some earthqaukes where I live and I haven't been able to sit down and edit in any detail until now. GreenLipstickLesbian (talk) 22:43, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

Hello, thank you for your reply, explaining the mistakes in details. I have more understanding about the situation and my edits. But of course I have lots to learn. I did cited my edits with book reference and an updated 2018 Korean document about Daegu city, why do you think those edits be referred also? I hope you are well in your country and we can work this out with updated information on the page. I still have photographs and sightseeing places to add in but I am afraid if I edit again, I will be blocked or something. I would love to make this page updated and syncwith the Korean page as well but my English is a limit in some ways. What do you suggest I do now?Daegucity.kr (talk) 19:59, 17 December 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:52, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Daegu skyline as seen from KNU's Technopark.jpg

title: Talk:Daegu