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Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 10

 * 1919 - Mexican Revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata (pictured) was shot to his death near Ciudad Ayala, Morelos.

-> please change to "shot to death" (sounds as if he ... fell to his death or something!) Rousse 02:04, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. Next time, try WP:ERRORS. Response is usually quicker there. --PFHLai 05:09, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

re the 1978 entry--Volkswagen was NOT the first non-US auto manufacturer to build cars in the US. Rolls-Royce briefly built autos in Springfield, Mass for around 3 years in the mid 1920s. They are often referred to as "Springfield Rolls" and are highly prized. versen 04:48, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, we don't have a 1978 entry. Were you trying to post your message at Talk:April 10 instead of here ? --PFHLai 05:09, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * 1997 - Hellsing series first published in Young King Ours - today is the tenth anniversary.:Stirb Nicht Vor Mir:. 13:55, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You need a decent article about this event, with the date mentioned, plus a line on April 10. But, please excuse my ignorance, how notable is this manga ? --PFHLai 18:29, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

A candidate for next year: -- PFHLai 18:34, 10 April 2007 (UTC) I would like to bring up the 44th anniversary of the loss with all on board of the USS Thresher, a US Navy nuclear submarine (and a prototype) on April 10th, 1963. I feel it is worth a place on 'this day in history' headings. Sorry if I have not entered this correctly, I have never done this before. Thanks. tadenny626Tadenny626 09:57, 13 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 1606 - The Charter of the Virginia Company of London was established by royal charter by King James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:39, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Deleted: SMS Zrínyi (moved to April 12)
 * Omitted: Statute of Anne; 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia; Maraga Massacre; 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Big Ben (first appearance); Emiliano Zapata (7th appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible); 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Mount Tambora (9th consecutive appearance, 9 total); Independent State of Croatia (3rd appearance, last in 2005; blurb previously featured Ante Pavelić, which is ineligible due to maintenance)
 * Addendum: RMS Titanic added later for balance. Normally it appears on April 15 (anniversary of its sinking) but it will be TFA for 2012. It should be removed for 2013. — howcheng  {chat} 16:24, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

Titanic maiden voyage centenary
I can't quite believe we've managed to overlook this, but today - in about half an hour's time to be exact - it's the 100th anniversary of the start of the Titanic's maiden voyage in 1912. It's getting a huge amount of media coverage at the moment. A related article will be the Featured Article of the day on 15 April, the centenary of the sinking, so it would be good to have something on OTD leading up to that. Could someone please add the following item:

 * 1912 – The RMS Titanic began its ill-fated maiden voyage from Southampton in England, five days before its sinking.

Grateful if someone could take a look at this asap. Prioryman (talk) 10:28, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:26, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
 * Omitted: Big Ben; RMS Titanic (deleted; normally appears on April 15); Emiliano Zapata; Independent State of Croatia; 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis
 * Included: British Expedition to Abyssinia (2nd appearance, last in 2011); The Great Gatsby (2nd appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Paul McCartney (first appearance); Maraga Massacre (2nd appearance, last in 2011)
 * Repeats: Mount Tambora (10th consecutive appearance, 10 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:20, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Added and deleted: Sun Tzu (not a good date for this article)
 * Omitted: Mount Tambora; British Expedition to Abyssinia; The Great Gatsby; Paul McCartney; Maraga Massacre
 * Included: Statute of Anne (2nd appearance, last in 2011); War of the Fifth Coalition (first appearance); Emiliano Zapata (8th appearance, last in 2012); Empress Michiko (4th appearance, last in 2008; rescued from Ineligible); 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash (2nd appearance, last in 2011)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:37, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Second Bank of the United States
 * Omitted: Statute of Anne; War of the Fifth Coalition; Emiliano Zapata (ineligible—maintenance); 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
 * Included: Mount Tambora (11th appearance, last in 2013; 200th anniversary); Big Ben (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Independent State of Croatia/Ante Pavelić (Croatia: 4th appearance, last in 2012; Pavelić: first appearance); 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis (2nd appearance, last in 2012)
 * Repeats: Empress Michiko (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:03, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Mount Tambora; Big Ben; Independent State of Croatia/Ante Pavelić; Empress Michiko; 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis
 * Included: Statute of Anne (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Second Bank of the United States (first appearance; 200th anniversary); The Great Gatsby (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Paul McCartney (first appearance); 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash (3rd appearance, last in 2014)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:44, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Empress Michiko (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Statute of Anne; Second Bank of the United States; Paul McCartney; 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
 * Included: War of the Fifth Coalition (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Big Ben (3rd appearance, last in 2015); Rudolf Vrba (first appearance); Maraga massacre (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Gabrielle d'Estrées (first appearance); Stuart Sutcliffe (first appearance); Evelyn Waugh (first appearance)
 * Repeats: The Great Gatsby (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 02:19, 10 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Statute of Anne (moved to April 5)
 * Moved to Ineligible: British Expedition to Abyssinia (maintenance); 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash (maintenance)
 * Omitted: War of the Fifth Coalition; The Great Gatsby; Gabrielle d'Estrées; Stuart Sutcliffe; Evelyn Waugh
 * Included: Siblings Day (first appearance); Mount Tambora (12th appearance, last in 2015); 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis (3rd appearance, last in 2015); Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg (first appearance); Samuel Hahnemann (first appearance); Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Big Ben (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total); Rudolf Vrba (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total); Maraga massacre (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:46, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Second Bank of the United States (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Dolores Huerta (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Mount Tambora; Rudolf Vrba; Maraga massacre; Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg; Samuel Hahnemann; Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri
 * Included: War of the Fifth Coalition (3rd appearance, last in 2017); The Great Gatsby (5th appearance, last in 2017); Empress Michiko (6th appearance, last in 2015; 60th anniversary); Michael Tarchaniota Marullus (first appearance); Thomas Jones (bishop) (first appearance; 400th anniversary); Kishori Amonkar (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Big Ben (3rd consecutive appearance, 5 total); 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total; 10th anniversary)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 20:47, 11 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Deleted: London Company (date not in article)
 * News articles (unused): Event Horizon Telescope
 * Omitted: Big Ben; Empress Michiko; 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis; Michael Tarchaniota Marullus; Thomas Jones (bishop); Kishori Amonkar
 * Included: Rudolf Vrba (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Paul McCartney (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 50th anniversary; previously appeared on June 18, his birthday); Maraga massacre (5th appearance, last in 2018); Gabrielle d'Estrées (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Lew Wallace (first appearance); Carol V. Robinson (first appearance)
 * Repeats: War of the Fifth Coalition (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total); The Great Gatsby (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:15, 13 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Empress Michiko (maintenance)
 * Omitted: War of the Fifth Coalition; Rudolf Vrba; Paul McCartney; Maraga massacre; Gabrielle d'Estrées; Lew Wallace; Carol V. Robinson
 * Included: Battle of Mollwitz (3rd appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Third siege of Missolonghi (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Event Horizon Telescope (first appearance); Giovanni Aldini (first appearance); Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Carole Goble (first appearance; 60th birthday)
 * Repeats: The Great Gatsby (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:56, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Mollwitz; Third siege of Missolonghi; The Great Gatsby; Event Horizon Telescope; Giovanni Aldini; Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri; Carole Goble
 * Included: Mount Tambora (13th appearance, last in 2018); Big Ben (6th appearance, last in 2019); Emiliano Zapata (9th appearance, last in 2014; rescued from Ineligible); USS Thresher (SSN-593) (2nd appearance, last in 2004; rescued from Ineligible); Maraga massacre (6th appearance, last in 2020; 30th anniversary); Samuel Hahnemann (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Kishori Amonkar (2nd appearance, last in 2019; 90th birthday); Stuart Sutcliffe (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 60th anniversary)


text:
Gloster Javelin

The Gloster Javelin is a twin-engined all-weather interceptor aircraft that served with Britain's Royal Air Force from the mid-1950s until the late 1960s. It was a T-tailed delta-wing aircraft designed for night and all-weather operations and was the last aircraft design to bear the Gloster name. Introduced in 1956 after a lengthy development period, the aircraft received several upgrades during production to its engines, radar and weapons, including support for the De Havilland Firestreak air-to-air missile.

The Javelin was succeeded in the interceptor role by the English Electric Lightning, a supersonic aircraft capable of flying at more than double the Javelin's top speed, which was introduced into the RAF only a few years later. The Javelin served for much of its life alongside the Lightning; the last Javelins were withdrawn from operational service in 1968 following the introduction of successively more capable versions of the Lightning.

F.44/46
In the aftermath of the Second World War, Britain identified a threat posed by the jet-powered strategic bomber and atomic weaponry and thus placed a great emphasis on developing aerial supremacy through continuing to advance its fighter technology, even following the end of the conflict. Initial planning was based on the premise that another war was at least ten years away, and development was limited mostly to paper projects. Several events in the late 1940s led to this timeline being moved up.

In 1947, the Air Ministry issued a requirement for a high-performance night fighter under specification F.44/46. It called for a two-seat design that would intercept enemy aircraft at heights of up to at least 40,000 feet. It would also have to reach a maximum speed of 525 kn (973 km/h, 605 mph) at this height, be able to perform rapid ascents and attain an altitude of 45,000 feet within ten minutes of engine ignition.

Additional criteria given in the requirement included a minimum flight endurance of two hours, a takeoff distance of 1,500 yards, structural strength to support up to 4g manoeuvres at high speed and for the aircraft to incorporate aircraft interception radar, multi-channel VHF radio and various navigational aids. The aircraft would also be required to be economical to produce, at a rate of ten per month for an estimated total of 150 aircraft.

Gloster designs
Gloster Aircraft developed and produced the only British jet aircraft to be operational during the war, the Gloster Meteor. Through the post-war period, they produced a series of updated versions of the Meteor, including some with delta wing layouts for all or the outer portion of the wings. These were further developed by moving the engines to the fuselage and using a complete delta wing layout, leading to a second series of designs that continued in parallel.

P.228, drawn up in 1946, was essentially a two-seat Meteor with slightly swept wings. A similar design was also offered to the Royal Navy as the P.231. The later-issued P.234 and P.238 of early 1947 had adopted many of the features that would be distinctive of the Javelin, including the large delta wing and tailplane, and were based on the Rolls-Royce AJ65 engine (better known as Avon). The two differed primarily in role; P.234 was a single-seat day fighter with a V-tail, while P.238 was a two-seat night fighter with a mid-mounted delta tailplane.

Development of both concepts continued. P.240 of April 1947 was Meteor-like in form but moved the engines from the wings to the fuselage, and added a slight sweep to the leading edge of the wing, producing a somewhat delta wing shape. P.240 also replaced the Rolls-Royce Derwent engines with the Metrovick F.9, which would later move companies and become the Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire. The all-delta layout of P.238 was also updated as P.241, which used an all-delta horizontal stabilizer in a T-tail arrangement. P.241 bears a strong resemblance to the final Javelin design.

The Air Ministry released more detailed specifications on 17 Jun 1949, as F.4/48. Gloster responded with two further updated designs, P.300, which was essentially a quick update to the Meteor with two seats and newer Derwent engines, and the P.316/P.317, another update to the delta layout mounting the Sapphire engines. The P.316 and 317 differed primarily in role, 316 was a single-seat design lacking radar and mounting up to four 1000 lb bombs in containers under the fuselage, while 317 was a two-seat design with radar and some form of heavy armament to be determined.

The RAF requirements were subject to some changes, mainly in regards to radar equipment and armaments; Gloster also initiated some changes as further research was conducted into the aerodynamic properties of the new swept and delta wings, as well as use of the new Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire turbojet engine.

Prototypes
On 13 April 1949, the Ministry of Supply issued instructions to two aircraft manufacturers, Gloster and de Havilland, to each construct four airworthy prototypes of their competing designs to meet the requirement, as well as one airframe each for structural testing. These prototype aircraft were the Gloster GA.5, designed by Richard Walker, and the de Havilland DH.110, the latter of which held the advantage of also being under consideration for the Royal Navy. Development was considerably delayed through political cost-cutting measures, the number of prototypes being trimmed down to an unworkable level of two each before the decision was entirely reversed; this led to the unusual situation where the first production Javelin was completed before the prototype order being fulfilled.

The first prototype was completed in 1951. An unusual feature of the prototypes was the opaque canopy over the rear cockpit. It had been believed that visibility outside the cockpit was unnecessary and a hindrance to the observer; the only external view available was through 2 small 'portholes'. Following a month of ground testing, on 26 November 1951, the first prototype conducted its first flight at Moreton Valence airfield. Bill Waterton, Gloster's Chief Test Pilot, would later describe the Javelin as being "as easy to fly as an Anson", although also expressing concern over its inadequate power controls. Disaster nearly struck during one test flight when aerodynamic flutter caused the elevators to detach in mid-flight; despite the lack of control surfaces, Bill Waterton was able to land the aircraft using tailplane trimming and engine thrust for pitch control. He was awarded the George Medal for his actions to retrieve flight data from the burning aircraft.

The second prototype (WD808) received a modified wing in 1953. After initial testing by Waterton, it was passed to another Gloster test pilot, Peter Lawrence for his opinion. On 11 June 1953, the aircraft crashed during testing. Lawrence had ejected from the aircraft, but too late (at about 400 ft), and was killed. The Javelin had experienced a "deep stall"; the wing acting like an airbrake had killed forward motion and at the same time degraded the airflow over the elevators, leaving them useless. Without elevator control, Lawrence was unable to regain control and the aircraft dropped from the sky. A stall warning device was later developed and implemented for the Javelin.

The third prototype (WT827), and the first to be fitted with operational equipment including radar, first flew on 7 March 1953. The fourth prototype (WT830) was passed to the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) for trials and the fifth prototype, WT836, made its first flight in July 1954. On 4 July 1954, a prototype Javelin accidentally achieved supersonic speed during a test flight, the pilot having been distracted by an oxygen supply failure.

Production and further development
The official production order for the Javelin was issued in mid-1953; as the Gloster Meteor was still being actively produced by Gloster, considerable elements of the Javelin were subcontracted out to other aviation companies owned by the Hawker Siddeley Group, such as Armstrong Whitworth. While some delays were incurred, the Javelin's status as a "super priority" for production helped to minimize the time involved in producing each aircraft. On 22 July 1954, XA544, the first production aircraft, took flight at Hucclecote. Production was assisted by a large order placed by the United States Air Force, purchasing aircraft for the RAF as part of the Mutual Defense Aid Program at a price of £36.8 million.

On 21 October 1954, a pilot attached to Gloster from RAE Farnborough was killed while flying Javelin XA546 having entered what appeared to be an intentional spin. On 8 December 1955, a service test pilot S/L Dick was testing XA561 for the A&AEE when the aircraft entered a flat spin at 40,000 ft during manoeuvres testing the buffet boundary, which the anti-spin parachute could not stop, and he chose to eject at 8,000 ft. Following this, a stall-warning device was developed for the Javelin.

By the end of 1956, the Javelin was up to a FAW 7 variant, which was the first to meet the specifications of the original Air Ministry requirement, and which was to become the definitive version of the aircraft (most of which were later altered to the FAW 9 standard). The Javelin was evolving so quickly that deliveries of the FAW 8 began before FAW 7 production had ended. As a result, the final 80 FAW 7 aircraft went straight from the factory into storage, eventually flying after being re-manufactured as FAW 9s. A total of 427 Javelins were produced in all variants, plus seven prototypes. While there had been considerable interest from several NATO air forces, there were no export orders for the Javelin.

Design
The Javelin was the RAF's first purpose-built all-weather interceptor aircraft. Aerodynamic features of the type included its adoption of the new delta wing and a large tailplane. Fuel and armaments were housed in the delta wing, and the engines and crew in the fuselage. The delta wing and tailplane combination had been deemed necessary by Gloster for effective manoeuvrability at high speed and for the aircraft to be controllable at low landing speeds. In one instance during testing, when both elevators had been torn off by elevator flutter, the Javelin remained controllable by using both the trimming capability of the large tailplane and thrust changes to control pitch. Changes from the prototypes included alterations to the rear fuselage and a central "pen nib" fairing extending beyond the engine nozzles, to eliminate buffeting of the rudder by the jet exhaust and increased sweepback of the wing's leading edge to improve high-speed handling.

The Javelin was reportedly easy to fly even on one engine. The flight controls were fully power-assisted and production aircraft adopted a hydraulic 'feel' system for the pilot. The Javelin featured an infinitely variable airbrake; the airbrake proved to be extremely responsive and effective, allowing pilots to conduct rapid descents and heavy braking manoeuvres, enabling equally rapid landings to be performed. The turnaround time between sorties was significantly shorter than with the preceding Gloster Meteor, due to improved ground accessibility and engine ignition sequence. Unlike the Meteor, the Javelin was fitted with ejector seats, at the introduction to service of the type. No other operational fighter of the West even to the present day had a bigger wing, in terms of area, than the Javelin, and in the USSR, only the Tu-128 had a larger (about 10m2) wing.

In spite of the aircraft's unorthodox aerodynamic features, the Javelin had a fairly conventional structure and materials, being mainly composed of an aluminium alloy, with some use of steel edging. The fuselage was composed of four sections, the nose (containing the radar radome), the front fuselage, centre fuselage and rear fuselage; the nose and rear fuselage were removable for servicing and easy replacement. The engines were on either side of the centre fuselage, the internal space in the centre containing the service bay that housed much of the aircraft's electrical, hydraulic, and avionics subsystems. The engine air intakes were placed on the forward fuselage, running directly from beneath the cockpit rearwards into the delta wing. Electricity was provided by a pair of 6,000 watt, 24-volt generators driven by the auxiliary gearbox; inverters provided AC power for equipment such as some flight instruments and the radar.

Variants
A total of 435 aircraft were built by Gloster (302 built) and Armstrong-Whitworth (133 built); both companies at that time were part of the Hawker Siddeley group. Several were converted to different marks (sometimes repeatedly).
 * Gloster GA.5
 * Five prototypes GA.5s were built by Gloster, the first order for four aircraft to Specification F.4/48 was placed by the Air Ministry on 17 Jun 1949. Subsequently two aircraft were cancelled but additional prototype aircraft were ordered in 1951:

 * WD804 - Unarmed first prototype with Sapphire Sa.3 engines first flown from Moreton Valance on 26 November 1951.
 * WD808 - Unarmed second prototype first flew on 21 August 1952.
 * WT827 - First flew 7 March 1953 it was the first armed aircraft and the first fitted with a radar.
 * WT830 - First aircraft with powered controls, first flew 14 January 1954. Used for aerodynamic and stress trials.
 * WT836 - Production standard aircraft with improved canopy. first flew 20 July 1954
 * FAW 1
 * Initial version with Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire Sa.6 engines with 8,000 lbf (35.6 kN thrust) each, British AI.17 radar, four 30 mm ADEN cannon in wings, and electrically operated tail plane;. The designation FAW 1, sometimes written FAW.1 or F(AW) Mk 1, stood for "Fighter, All-Weather Mark 1". First flown on 25 July 1954, forty aircraft were built at Hucclecote, mainly used for trials and the first aircraft to be delivered to 46 Squadron at RAF Odiham.

 * FAW 2
 * Replaced the AI.17 radar with U.S.-made Westinghouse AN/APQ-43 radar (known as the AI.22 in RAF service), hydraulically operated tail; 30 produced.

 * T 3
 * Dual-control trainer version with no radar, bulged canopy for improved instructor visibility. All-moving tailplane, lengthened fuselage to compensate for altered centre of gravity, adding additional internal fuel. Retained four cannon; 22 production aircraft and one prototype.

 * FAW 4
 * Similar to FAW 1, with the addition of vortex generators on wings for improved stall characteristics, as well as an all-moving tailplane. Fitted with the original AI.17 radar of the FAW.1. 50 produced.

 * FAW 5
 * Based on FAW 4, with revised wing structure incorporating additional fuel tanks, provision for missile pylons (never fitted); 64 produced.

 * FAW 6
 * Combined FAW 2's American radar with the revised wing of the FAW.5. 33 produced. Snub nosed with AI.22 radar installed.

 * FAW 7
 * Introduced new Sa.7 engines with 11,000 lbf (48.9 kN) thrust each, powered rudder, extended rear fuselage. Armed with two 30 mm ADEN plus four Firestreak air-to-air missiles. FAW 7s equipping two squadrons were armed with four ADEN cannon only; 142 produced. AI.17 radar installed.

 * FAW 8
 * Upgraded Sa.7R engines with reheat, raising thrust to 12,300 lbf (54.7 kN) thrust above 20,000 ft (6,100 m); at lower altitudes, the limitation of the fuel pump caused a loss of cold thrust. New "drooped" wing leading edge and auto-stabiliser for better handling. Snub nosed with AI.22 radar installed.

 * FAW 9
 * A total of 118 FAW 7s refitted with the revised wing and engines with reheat, of the Mk 8., 44 of these were fitted with refuelling probes as FAW 9F/R. AI.17 radar installed.

 * FAW 9R
 * R standing for "Range". A total of 40 of the 44 FAW 9F/R were refitted to carry underwing fuel tanks.

Unproduced variants
Several variants were proposed and investigated but not produced, including aerial reconnaissance versions, a fighter bomber version with underwing panniers for bombs, and a supersonic variant with area-ruled fuselage, thinner wings, and a new tail. The "thin-wing Javelin" would have been capable of about Mach 1.6, with a higher ceiling than contemporary US designs. Initial work started with fitting a thinner-section wing to a Javelin fuselage but as the project developed the changes became so great that it would effectively have been a different aircraft albeit having an outward resemblance to the Javelin. The Gloster P.370 to F.153D for "Thin Wing Gloster All Weather Fighter, an update of the initial F.118 specification was ordered in 1954; a prototype XG336 along with two pre-production aircraft.  The final incarnation of the thin-wing Gloster (P.376) just before cancellation was a large aircraft carrying two Red Dean all-aspect missiles as a possible contender for Operational Requirement F.155. The aircraft, then under construction, and the missile were cancelled in 1957.

Operators

 * Royal Air Force
 * Fighter Command
 * No. 23 Squadron RAF : April 1957 to September 1964, initially based at RAF Horsham St Faith and then at RAF Coltishall, moving to RAF Leuchars in March 1963. It was equipped with the FAW.4 until April 1959, when it began to receive FAW.7s, which were in turn replaced by FAW.9s from April 1960. It re-equipped with the English Electric Lightning in September 1964.
 * No. 25 Squadron RAF : March 1959 to November 1962, based at RAF Waterbeach until October 1961 when it moved to RAF Leuchars. It operated FAW.7s until December 1959 when it received FAW.9s.
 * No. 29 Squadron RAF : November 1957 to February 1963 when it transferred to the Near East Air Force. It was based at RAF Acklington until July 1958 when it moved to RAF Leuchars, moving to Cyprus in February 1963. It operated FAW.6s until April 1961, when it received FAW.9s.
 * No. 33 Squadron RAF (1958–1962 disbanded)
 * No. 41 Squadron RAF (1958–1963 disbanded)
 * No. 46 Squadron RAF (1956–1961 disbanded)
 * No. 64 Squadron RAF (1958–1965 transfer to Far East Air Force)
 * No. 72 Squadron RAF (1959–1961 disbanded)
 * No. 85 Squadron RAF (1958–1963 disbanded)
 * No. 89 Squadron RAF (1958 re-numbered 85 Squadron)
 * No. 141 Squadron RAF (1957–1958 re-numbered 41 Squadron)
 * No. 151 Squadron RAF (1957–1961 disbanded)
 * RAF Germany
 * No. 3 Squadron RAF : January 1959 to December 1961, based at RAF Geilenkirchen and equipped with FAW.4s - re-equipped with the English Electric Canberra.
 * No. 5 Squadron RAF : January 1960 to October 1965, based at RAF Laarbruch until December 1962, and then at RAF Geilenkirchen. Equipped with FAW.4s until November 1962 and then FAW.9s. It returned to Fighter Command in the UK in October 1965 when it re-equipped with the Lightning.
 * No. 11 Squadron RAF : October 1960 to January 1966, based at RAF Geilenkirchen. Equipped with FAW.4s, initially, it was re-equipped with FAW.5s from March 1962 and FAW.9s from December 1962.
 * No. 87 Squadron RAF (1957–1961 disbanded)
 * No. 96 Squadron RAF
 * Near East Air Force
 * No. 29 Squadron RAF : February 1963 to May 1967, equipped with FAW.9s. It was based at RAF Nicosia, Cyprus until March 1964 when it moved to RAF Akrotiri. The squadron returned to Fighter Command and re-equipped with the Lightning in May 1967.
 * Far East Air Force
 * No. 60 Squadron RAF (1961–1968 disbanded)
 * No. 64 Squadron RAF (1965–1967 disbanded)
 * No. 1 Guided Weapons Development Squadron RAF Valley (Firestreak Trials)
 * No. 226 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
 * No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
 * No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF

Italy

 * Javelin FAW9 XH768 as XH707 at Cerbaiola.

South Africa

 * Javelin FAW1 XA553 gate guard at Thunder City, Cape Town (former gate guardian at RAF Stanmore Park)
 * Removed and scrapped 28 April 2024.

United Kingdom

 * Javelin FAW1 XA564 at the National Cold War exhibition at the Royal Air Force Museum, Cosford, England.
 * Javelin FAW4 XA634 at Gloucestershire Jet Age Museum, England in No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF markings coded L. (Former gate guardian at RAF Leeming).
 * Javelin FAW5 XA699 in No. 5 Squadron RAF markings at the Midland Air Museum, Coventry, England.
 * Javelin FAW9 XH767 in No. 23 Squadron RAF markings at the Yorkshire Air Museum, Elvington, England.
 * Javelin FAW9R XH892 at the Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum Flixton, Suffolk, England.
 * Javelin FAW9 XH897 at the Imperial War Museum Duxford, England
 * Javelin FAW9 XH903 in No. 33 Squadron RAF markings coded G at the Jet Age Museum, Gloucestershire Airport, England on loan from the RAF Museum.
 * Javelin FAW8 XH992 in No. 85 Squadron RAF markings coded P at the Newark Air Museum, Newark, England.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gloster Javelin


text:
Richard Doyle (illustrator)

Richard "Dickie" Doyle (18 September 1824 – 10 December 1883) was a British illustrator of the Victorian era. His work frequently appeared, amongst other places, in Punch magazine; he drew the cover of the first issue, and designed the magazine's masthead, a design that was used for over a century.

Biography
Born at 17 Cambridge Terrace, London, one of seven children of Irish cartoonist John Doyle (known as 'H.B'), a noted political caricaturist, Doyle had three brothers, James, Charles and Henry Edward Doyle, who were also artists. The young Doyle had no formal art training other than his father's studio, but from an early age displayed a gifted ability to depict scenes of the fantastic and grotesque. Throughout his life he was fascinated by fairy tales. He produced his first complete illustrated book, Home for the Holidays, when he was twelve; it was published posthumously in 1887.

He joined the staff of Punch in 1843 aged 19, remaining there for seven years.

He was the uncle of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes stories.

Career
Doyle's first published illustrations appeared in The Eglinton Tournament (1840), a humour book set in the Middle Ages, which met with commercial success.

Doyle collaborated with John Leech, W. C. Stanfield and other artists to co-illustrate three Charles Dickens Christmas books, The Chimes (1844), The Cricket on the Hearth (1845) and The Battle of Life (1846).

In 1846 Doyle's illustrations for The Fairy Ring (a new translation of Grimm's tales), first made his name as a fairytale illustrator. Following this in 1849 he produced Fairy Tales from All Nations (compiled by 'Anthony R. Montalba', which proved a tremendous success. Doyle was able to fully explore his love of fairy mythology with his many illustrations and borders filled with elves, pixies and other mythical creatures.

Following this success Doyle illustrated a string of fantasy titles: The Enchanted Doll by Mark Lemon (1849), The Story of Jack and the Giants (1850), and John Ruskin's The King of the Golden River (1850), which went through three editions in its first year of publication.

Edward Ellice was a serial host for notable visitors to Scotland. In 1859 Doyle was invited and Katherine Ellice, an amateur artist, served as host when he visited. Katherine was given an illustrated diary of a journey to the islands of Rona and Skye and this is extant.

He also wrote for Punch a series of articles entitled Manners and Customes of ye Englyshe. A devout Roman Catholic, he resigned his position on the staff of Punch in 1850 in response to its hostility to what was termed "papal aggression", and spent the remainder of his career in preparing drawings for book illustration and to painting in watercolour. Doyle published works of his own, which helped establish his reputation with a large readership: Manners and Customs of Ye Englishe (1849) and Bird's Eye View of Society (1864).

His chief series of illustrations were those for The Newcomes, The King of the Golden River, and The Foreign Tour of Brown, Jones and Robinson. In 1844, Doyle designed the cover of Punch's sixth issue. It became the basis of the magazine's masthead until 1954, and was based on Titian's "Bacchus and Ariadne".

His masterpiece is indubitably In Fairyland, a series of Pictures from the Elf World, with a poem by William Allingham, printed by Edmund Evans and published by Longman in time for Christmas 1869 (dated 1870). In the 16 colour plates and 36 line illustrations plus title page, Doyle was given a completely free hand. The folio was richly bound in green cloth, and has been described as one of the finest examples of Victorian book production (Richard Dalby, The Golden Age of Children's Book Illustration, 1991 p. 12). The illustrations were used in the publication of another book as well, The Princess Nobody by Andrew Lang (1884).

Doyle was generally regarded as being brilliant but unreliable. For example, he was consistently late with his illustrations for The Newcomes, only meeting his commitments when Thackeray threatened to give the work to another artist. Doyle's excuses were often ridiculous, and the Dalziel brothers reported that on one occasion he failed to meet a deadline because he had 'not got any pencils'. Such amateurism hampered Doyle's success. Several books he had been commissioned to illustrate did not appear because he lacked the application needed to finish them, and completed work was often uneven in quality and 'deplorably pedestrian'.

Doyle signed many of his drawings with the depiction of a small bird standing on the initials 'RD', a reference to his nickname "Dickie" (as in "dickie bird").

title: Richard Doyle (illustrator)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/June 8

 * 632 - Muhammad, founder of Islam dies
 * 1809 - Thomas Paine, American revolutionary and writer of Common Sense dies

Shouldn't that be "dystopian" and not "dystopic"? Somehow "dystopic" doesn't sound right. Revolución 00:41, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

World Ocean Day
Please add World Ocean Day. Thanks. -- 199.71.174.100 07:20, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Copied from WP:ERRORS for future reference
The card used for the 1887 punched card patent illustration is incorrect. The patent itself doesn't seem to specify the number of columns, but the cards first in use based upon that patent had 22 columns, and used round holes, rather than the 80 column rectangular hole cards shown in the illustration. The card illustrated is one which was common from the mid 1920's onward. It seems that people might well infer that the particular card illustrated was the one in use in 1887, which is incorrect. No illustration would probably be better. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.62.103.226 (talk • contribs) 05:42, 8 June 2006 (UTC).

On June 8 793AD the Vikings did their first raid. I think this is worth noting.Cameron Nedland 16:00, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * We need a decent wikiarticle with the verifiable and confirmed date in the text. Which one is it ? -- 64.229.176.142 16:48, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * BTW, it's Viking Age.-- May the Force be with you! Shr e shth91(review me!) 17:19, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Kenenisa Bekele
I think it's worth adding a link to World records in athletics, perhaps thusly: jnestorius(talk) 00:54, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
 * 2004 - Ethiopian distance runner Kenenisa Bekele broke the world record for outdoor 10,000 m in Ostrava, Czech Republic.

World Ocean Day -> World Oceans Day
Since World Ocean Day is now official and named World Oceans Day, this article should call it that as well. --93.178.156.236 (talk) 20:38, 7 June 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅. I don't know why this wasn't done earlier. – Jonadin93 (talk) @ 18:45, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Wrong Date for Falklands War Battle
Wikipedia's English Main page has the wrong date for the Falklands War battle known as Bluff Cove. The year is completely wrong. In the "On this day..." section, it states that the battle took place in 1959. The Falklands War took place 23 years later, in 1982. Please correct it.

--Abebenjoe (talk) 01:35, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

World IPv6 Day
Please add World IPv6 Day to the list, thank you. Wiiki pe  dian  00:59, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

Minor changes

 * 2004 – the first transit of Venus in modern history (pictured) takes place since 1882.

should be

 * 2004 – the first transit of Venus since 1882 (pictured) takes place.

Also, arguably

 * 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four, a dystopian political novel by English writer George Orwell about life in the fictional totalitarian government of Oceania, was first published.

should be

 * 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four, a dystopian political novel by English writer George Orwell about life under the fictional totalitarian government of Oceania, was first published.

(remove random space and in->under)

Yaris678 (talk) 10:09, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅, both seem uncontroversial. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 11:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks.
 * BTW. I note that this change was made to the venus item immediately before your change.  I am happy with either of the later two versions... but hopefully it won't be controversial either way.
 * Yaris678 (talk) 11:39, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Ah, I hadn't noticed that. Well hopefully it's okay as it is. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 12:44, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:14, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Transit of Venus (featured on December 4)
 * Omitted: Viking Age (ineligible—maintenance); Battle of Trois-Rivières; Nineteen Eighty-Four (ineligible—maintenance); Phan Thi Kim Phuc; Akihabara massacre
 * Included: Laki (6th appearance, last in 2010); Punched card (6th appearance, last in 2008); Thomas Blamey (5th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); PHP (5th appearance, last in 2010); MV Pasha Bulker (first appearance)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 09:24, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Battle of Cross Keys
 * Omitted: Punched card; Thomas Blamey; PHP; Akihabara massacre
 * Included: Norfolk Island (first appearance); Rocket mail (first appearance); Bluff Cove Air Attacks (2nd appearance, last in 2010)
 * Repeats: Laki (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total); MV Pasha Bulker (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:01, 7 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Antiquities Act
 * Omitted: World Oceans Day (ineligible—maintenance); Laki; Norfolk Island; Rocket mail; Bluff Cove Air Attacks; MV Pasha Bulker
 * Included: Battle of Trois-Rivières (4th appearance, last in 2011); Punched card (7th appearance, last in 2012); Thomas Blamey (6th appearance, last in 2012); Phan Thi Kim Phuc (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Akihabara massacre (3rd appearance, last in 2012)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:51, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Margaret Bondfield (was TFA on March 18, 2015)
 * Omitted: Battle of Trois-Rivières; Thomas Blamey; Phan Thi Kim Phuc; Akihabara massacre
 * Included: Laki (8th appearance, last in 2013); Nineteen Eighty-Four (7th appearance, last in 2011; rescued from Ineligible); PHP (6th appearance, last in 2012; 20th anniversary); 2009 imprisonment of American journalists by North Korea (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Punched card (2nd consecutive appearance, 8 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:16, 6 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Punched card; Nineteen Eighty-Four; PHP; 2009 imprisonment of American journalists by North Korea
 * Included: Norfolk Island (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Margaret Bondfield (first appearance); Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence (4th appearance, last in 2006); Akihabara massacre (4th appearance, last in 2014)
 * Repeats: Laki (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total)

Add World Oceans Day
The World Ocean Day was discussed here earlier. However I can't see it anywhere on tomorrow's template.

Please (re)add it ASAP!

--Fixuture (talk) 22:23, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Aaadmins please take a look - you're needed here now. --Fixuture (talk) 22:45, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Wow! I got promoted.
 * Seriously, though: As long as the "too promotional" tag is on the page, it won't be listed. StevenJ81 (talk) 23:00, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Alright fixed and removed it! --Fixuture (talk) 23:10, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * It's still rather promotional, especially in the descriptions of past years. It reads like it belongs on the World Oceans Day web site. — howcheng  {chat} 23:23, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Improved on it. It really should be okay now. Could you please check (read) it? If you still find problems please be more specific so that they can be corrected (if you don't fix them yourself) . Note that it doesn't have to be perfect to get featured - I will try to improve on it over the next few days if it gets featured. --Fixuture (talk) 01:49, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
 * No, it doesn't have to be perfect, but it's not even in a good enough state. The 2015 section is still lacking references for most of it, and the ones you've been adding are all from the UN, so that's worth a primary sources tag. I appreciate the effort you've made to get it this far, but I think it's going to have to wait another year. — howcheng  {chat} 08:32, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Alright. Thank you for your constructive assistance. It feels quite frustrating that I'm apparently alone at sufficiently improving and nominating this item. It's too late for it getting featured today anyways. It would be nice if you could give some feedback again once I did some more improvements so that it at least can be featured next year. As a sidenote: people can't be expected to even find this place; it's basically hidden for most users of the site even if they are potential participants in the nomination and improvement of selected anniversaries. This needs to change somehow. --Fixuture (talk) 21:16, 8 June 2017 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:38, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: USS Quaker City (1854); Nineteen Eighty-Four; Rocket mail
 * Omitted: Laki; Norfolk Island; Margaret Bondfield; Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence
 * Included: Battle of Antioch (218) (first appearance); Battle of Trois-Rivières (5th appearance, last in 2014); Syria–Lebanon Campaign (first appearance); Thomas Blamey (7th appearance, last in 2014); Harthacnut (first appearance); Barbara Bush (first appearance); Omar Bongo (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Akihabara massacre (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:03, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Laki (maintenance); Norfolk Island (maintenance); Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Trois-Rivières; Syria–Lebanon Campaign; Thomas Blamey; Harthacnut; Barbara Bush; Omar Bongo
 * Included: Battle of Cross Keys (first appearance); Margaret Bondfield (3rd appearance, last on March 17, 2018 for her birthday); Phan Thi Kim Phuc (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Muhammad (first appearance); William of York (first appearance); Bonnie Tyler (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Battle of Antioch (218) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 800th anniversary); Akihabara massacre (3rd consecutive appearance, 6 total; 10th anniversary)

Punched card
Hi, For tomorrow we have 1887 – German-American statistician... There seems to be an error in the Punched card target article. The only mention of June 8 is for 1889 (not 1887). Then, also "The card shown in U.S. Patent 395,781 of June 8 was printed" but that has the wrong month. The ref says patent date was January (not June) 8, 1889. The other blue link Herman Hollerith article and its different ref have the correct date ie January 8, 1889 and no mention of anything in a June. The relevant patent refs are 395781, 395781, 395781 and 395782. All are dated January 8, 1889. I see the note on the staging page about Hollerith also appearing on January 8 - I think it's actually the same punch card patent? I hope I haven't got wrong end of stick. Thanks for taking a look. JennyOz (talk) 07:58, 7 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Good spot. Deleted. — howcheng  {chat} 15:24, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:26, 8 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Punched card (wrong date)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Antiquities Act (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Kim Clijsters (TFA for 2019)
 * Omitted: Battle of Cross Keys; Phan Thi Kim Phuc; Akihabara massacre; Muhammad; William of York; Bonnie Tyler
 * Included: Battle of Trois-Rivières (6th appearance, last in 2017); USS Liberty incident (3rd appearance, last in 2007; rescued from Ineligible); 2009 imprisonment of American journalists by North Korea (3rd appearance, last in 2015; 10th anniversary); George I Rákóczi (first appearance); John Q. A. Brackett (first appearance); Irina Lăzăreanu (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Battle of Antioch (218) (3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total); Margaret Bondfield (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total; 90th anniversary)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 20:59, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence
 * Omitted: Battle of Antioch (218); Battle of Trois-Rivières; Margaret Bondfield; USS Liberty incident; 2009 imprisonment of American journalists by North Korea; George I Rákóczi; John Q. A. Brackett; Irina Lăzăreanu
 * Included: Lindisfarne (first appearance; blurb previously featured Viking Age, which was replaced by the more specific Viking activity in the British Isles, but both of those are ineligible); Laki (10th appearance, last in 2016; rescued from Ineligible); Thomas Blamey (8th appearance, last in 2017; 70th anniversary); PHP (7th appearance, last in 2015; 25th anniversary); MV Drake (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Richard Scrope (cleric) (first appearance); Anne de Xainctonge (2nd appearance, last in 2018; also appears on November 21, her birthday); Lauren Burns (first appearance)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:40, 10 June 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Lucy Arbell (POTD for 2021); Keith Gill (DYK on 2021-02-02)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Nineteen Eighty-Four
 * Omitted: Lindisfarne; Thomas Blamey; PHP; MV Drake; Richard Scrope (cleric); Anne de Xainctonge (deleted—appears elsewhere); Lauren Burns
 * Included: Battle of Antioch (218) (4th appearance, last in 2019); Syria–Lebanon campaign (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 80th anniversary); Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence (5th appearance, last in 2016); Akihabara massacre (7th appearance, last in 2018); George I Rákóczi (2nd appearance, last in 2019); Charlotte Scott (first appearance); Bonnie Tyler (2nd appearance, last in 2018; 70th birthday)
 * Repeats: Laki (2nd consecutive appearance, 11 total)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:44, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Lindisfarne (maintenance); Nineteen Eighty-Four (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Kim Clijsters; Keith Gill
 * Omitted: Laki; Syria–Lebanon campaign; Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence; Akihabara massacre; George I Rákóczi; Charlotte Scott; Bonnie Tyler
 * Included: Types Riot (first appearance); Margaret Bondfield (5th appearance, last in 2019); Phan Thi Kim Phuc (4th appearance, last in 2018; 50th anniversary); Bluff Cove air attacks (3rd appearance, last in 2013; 40th anniversary); Harthacnut (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Lucy Arbell (first appearance); Irina Lăzăreanu (2nd appearance, last in 2019; 40th birthday)
 * Repeats: Battle of Antioch (218) (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)


text:
Annecy

Annecy is the prefecture and largest town of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. It lies on the northern tip of Lake Annecy, 35 km south of Geneva, Switzerland. Nicknamed the "Pearl of the French Alps" in Raoul Blanchard's monograph describing its location between lake and mountains, the town controls the northern entrance to the lake gorge. Due to a lack of available building land between the lake and the protected Semnoz mountain, its population has remained stable, around 50,000 inhabitants, since 1950. However, the 2017 merger with several ex-communes extended the population of the city to 128,199 inhabitants and that of the urban area to 177,622, placing Annecy seventh in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

Switching from the counts of Geneva's dwelling in the 13th century, to the counts of Savoy's in the 14th century, the city became Savoy's capital in 1434 during the Genevois-Nemours prerogative until 1659. Its role increased in 1536, during the Calvinist Reformation in Geneva, while the bishop took refuge in Annecy. Saint Francis de Sales gave Annecy its advanced Catholic citadel role known as Counter-Reformation. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Sometimes called "Venice of the Alps", this idyllic and touristic representation comes from the three canals and the Thiou river, which passes through the old city. The city experienced an industrial development in the 19th century with silk manufacturing. Some of its industrial legacy remains today with the headquarters of NTN-SNR bearings, Salomon, Entremont and Dassault Aviation.

From the end of the 19th century, Annecy developed tourism around its lake summer facilities, winter resorts proximity and cultural attraction with its castle renovation and fine art museum opening in 1956 and the Animated Film Festival since 1963, hosted in Bonlieu's cultural centre. The municipal environmental policy managed to keep 40.3% of green spaces, and the city was awarded the "Golden Flower" in 2015, given to the nine most-flowered French cities.

Early history

Le vieil Annecy ("Old Annecy"; not to be confused with Annecy-le-Vieux, formerly a neighboring town but now merged into Annecy), was a settlement from the time of the Romans. Annecy was the court of the counts of Geneva or Genevois from the 10th century. It passed to the counts of Savoy in 1401. In 1444, it became the regional capital of the provinces of Genevois, Faucigny and Beaufortain.

Counter-Reformation
With the advance of Calvinism, Annecy became a centre for the Counter-Reformation, the old Bishopric of Geneva being transferred to it in 1535. Francis of Sales was born in Sales, France in 1567 and served as bishop of Annecy from 1602 to 1622; his relics are preserved in the cathedral. During the French Revolution, the Savoy region was conquered by France. Annecy became attached to the department of Mont Blanc, whose capital was Chambéry. The Catholic diocese was suppressed in 1801.

1815–present
After the Bourbon Restoration in 1815, Annecy was returned to the King of Sardinia and the Catholic diocese restored in 1822. When Savoy was annexed to France in 1860 with the Treaty of Turin, it became the capital of the new department of Haute-Savoie. Annecy was the site of the second round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) talks in 1949. In 2012, a multiple murder occurred in the Annecy area.

The new municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger with the former communes of Annecy-le-Vieux, Cran-Gevrier, Meythet, Pringy and Seynod.

Administration
Annecy is part of four cantons (Annecy-1, Annecy-2, Annecy-3 and Annecy-4); it is the prefecture of Haute-Savoie.

Since 2017, Annecy has consisted of six delegate cities: Annecy; Annecy-le-Vieux; Cran-Gevrier; Meythet; Pringy; and Seynod. Local government consists of a city council with 202 members. The number of members in each commune delegate depends upon its population. The Mayor is Jean-Luc Rigaut (UDI) since 2007.

The intercommunality of Annecy, Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Annecy, includes 34 municipalities.

Geography
The Fier forms part of the commune's northwestern border. The surrounding mountains are Mont Veyrier, Mont Semnoz, La Tournette and Parmelan.

Climate
Annecy has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) despite its relatively far inland position. Influenced by its elevation, summers are rather moderate on average, although they can be highly variable with extreme heat spikes. Winters see occasional freezing temperatures, but temperatures most often stay in the single-digits during the daytime with frequent cold rain. Air frosts are normal during the night and snowfall is not uncommon.

Culture
Annecy has hosted the Annecy International Animated Film Festival since 1960 and the Rencontres Internationales d'Annecy Cinéma & Architecture since 1999 and it was one of the oldest festivals in France.

Sport
On 23 July 2009, Annecy played host to Stage 18 of the Tour de France, as the start/finish point for an individual time trial around Lake Annecy. It was also the start town for stage 10 of the 2018 Tour de France on 17 July 2018.

Annecy launched a bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games but lost to Pyeongchang. If they had been chosen, Annecy would have been the fourth French city to host the Winter Olympic Games, after Chamonix (1924), Grenoble (1968), and Albertville (1992).

Ligue 1 former team Évian Thonon Gaillard F.C. played their home matches in Annecy. The club was founded in 2007, they grew up to reach Ligue 1, and stayed for four years in the division, thanks to their emblematic trainer Pascal Dupraz.

The Annecy basin is one of the world's leading locations for the sport of paragliding, an activity of some economic importance to the region. The area regularly hosts major competitions, most recently a leg of the Paragliding World Cup in 2012. Due to its proximity with the lake and the mountains, Annecy is also popular for watersports (sailing, rowing, wakeboarding, water skiing) and wintersports (alpine skiing, snowboarding, Nordic skiing). Le Semnoz, a relatively small ski resort is 35 minutes away from Annecy. Other bigger ski resorts, La Clusaz and Le Grand Bornand, are only 40 minutes away. Annecy is also very popular among trail runners and many races are organized year round, such as the World Trail Running Championships in 2015.

Main sights

 * The Palais de l'Isle is a 12th-century castle on an island in the river Thiou in Annecy's administrative headquarters. It mostly served as a prison and courthouse until the French Revolution. It again was a prison during World War II. The Palais de l'Isle was classified as a Historical Monument in 1900, and today houses a local history museum.
 * The Château d'Annecy (Annecy Castle) was the home of the Counts of Geneva and the Dukes of Genevois-Nemours, an offshoot
 * The 15th century Église Saint-Maurice

Education

 * Université Savoie Mont Blanc
 * Polytech'Savoie

Research organisations

 * LAPP Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules specialized in Physics
 * LISTIC The Computer Science, Systems, Information and Knowledge Processing Laboratory
 * Mecatronics department of CETIM
 * Different R&D activities in the Université de Savoie and its École Polytechnique d'Ingenieurs: Polytech'Savoie.

Economy
In the 19th century, the primary manufactures were linen and cotton goods, glass, cutlery, earthenware, and leather. The area also carried on linen bleaching and iron mining. By the First World War, it was connected by rail to Aix-les-Bains and there were factories for linen and cotton goods, felt hats, and paper, as well as a "celebrated" bell foundry at Annecy-le-Vieux.

Companies located in and around Annecy include:
 * Salomon Group
 * adixen Vacuum Products
 * Sopra Group
 * Ubisoft Annecy

Transport
The Gare d'Annecy railway station offers connections with Lyon, Geneva, Paris, Grenoble and several regional destinations.

Annecy – Haute-Savoie – Mont Blanc Airport currently used for private air transport only.

Twin towns – sister cities
Annecy is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Bayreuth, Germany
 * 🏴 Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom
 * 🇸🇰 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia
 * 🇨🇦 Sainte-Thérèse, Canada
 * 🇮🇹 Vicenza, Italy

Associations
Together with other Alpine towns Annecy engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Annecy is also Alpine Town of the Year 2012.

Notable people

 * Bernard Accoyer (born 1945), politician, President of the National Assembly 2007 to 2012 and Mayor of Annecy-le-Vieux.
 * Bernard Bosson (1948–2017), politician, Govt. minister & Mayor of Annecy
 * Jules Bouyer (born 2002), diver
 * Eustace Chapuys (c. 1490–1556), Imperial ambassador to the English Court of Henry VIII
 * Francis de Sales (1567–1622), bishop of Geneva / Annecy and Catholic Saint.
 * André Dussollier (born 1946), actor
 * Emmanuel Leducq-Barôme (born 1971), conductor, works in Russia
 * Bernard Miège (born 1941), a media theorist and academic administrator.
 * Guillaume Perret (born 1980), jazz musician and composer
 * Emmanuel Tarpin (born 1992), contemporary jewelry designer
 * Cécile Vogt-Mugnier (1875–1962), brain researcher

Sport

 * Louis Lachenal (1921–1955), alpinist, one of the first two mountaineers to climb a summit of more than 8,000 meters.
 * Bernard Collomb (1930-2011), racing driver
 * Vincent Vittoz (born 1975), cross-country skier
 * Johan Clarey (born 1981), alpine skier, silver medallist at the 2022 Winter Olympics
 * Thomas Fanara (born 1981), alpine skier, competed in three Winter Olympics
 * David Poisson (born 1982), alpine skier, competed in two Winter Olympics
 * Steve Missillier (born 1984) alpine skier, silver medallist at the 2014 Winter Olympics
 * Jonathan Midol (born 1988), freestyle skier, bronze medallist at the 2014 Winter Olympics
 * Christophe Lemaitre (born 1990), sprinter, bronze medallist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
 * Côme Ledogar (born 1991), racing driver
 * Axelle Mollaret (born 1992), physiotherapist, skyrunner and ski mountaineer.
 * Hugo Lapalus (born 1998), cross-country skier, team bronze medallist at the 2022 Winter Olympics
 * Sacha Fenestraz (born 1999), French-Argentine racing driver

Associated with the city

 * Jane Frances de Chantal (1572–1641), Holy of the Catholic Church, founded in Annecy the Order of Salesian Sisters
 * Jean Coppier, of the Coppier family, notary in Annecy in 1396.
 * Claude Favre de Vaugelas (1585–1650), man of letters, philologist and grammarian.
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), writer and philosopher, spent some time in Annecy.
 * Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), physician and chemist, began medical studies locally in 1760.
 * Eugène Sue (1804–1857), writer, spent his last years in exile in Annecy and died there.

title: Annecy


text:
Amber Tamblyn

Amber Rose Tamblyn (born May 14, 1983) is an American actress and author. She first came to national attention in her role on the soap opera General Hospital as Emily Quartermaine at the age of 11. She followed with a starring role on the prime-time series Joan of Arcadia, portraying the title character, Joan Girardi, for which she received Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe nominations. Her feature film work includes roles such as Tibby Rollins from the first two The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants and Megan McBride in 127 Hours (2010), as well as the critically acclaimed film, Stephanie Daley opposite Tilda Swinton which debuted at The Sundance Film Festival and for which Tamblyn won Best Actress at The Locarno International Film Festival and was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. In 2016, she made her directorial debut with the film Paint It Black starring Alia Shawkat and based on Janet Fitch's 2006 novel of the same name. In 2021 she starred opposite Diane Lane in FX's Y: The Last Man.

Tamblyn is a published author and cultural critic at large. She has published seven books across genres, and writes for The New York Times and other publications on issues of gender inequality and women's rage.

Early life
Tamblyn's paternal grandfather, Eddie Tamblyn, was a vaudeville performer. Her uncle is Larry Tamblyn, who is the keyboardist in the 1960s rock band The Standells. She attended the Santa Monica Alternative School House, which, in her words, was "very unorthodox, no letter grades". At the age of ten, she played Pippi Longstocking in a school play; her father's agent, Sharon Debord, was attending as a family friend and ended up convincing her father to allow Tamblyn to go on auditions.

Television
Tamblyn's first TV role was Emily Bowen (later known as Emily Quartermaine) on the soap opera General Hospital, a role that she played for six years (from 1995 to 2001). She also starred in "Evergreen", the pilot episode of the second The Twilight Zone revival in 2002. Tamblyn became better known playing Joan Girardi, a teenage girl who receives frequent visits from God, on the CBS drama series Joan of Arcadia. Tamblyn's father made several appearances as God in the form of a dog walker on the show, which ran from 2003 to 2005.

Early guest-starring roles include: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (playing Janice Penshaw, the best friend of Dawn Summers), Boston Public, CSI: Miami, and Punk'd, where Ashton Kutcher and his crew members tricked her into losing someone else's dog. In 2007, she starred in the CBS pilot for Babylon Fields, an apocalyptic comedic drama about the undead trying to resume their former lives. The CBS network excluded the show from its fall programming lineup, since it would have competed with the network's other undead-themed drama, Moonlight.

In spring 2009, Tamblyn starred in The Unusuals, as NYPD homicide detective Casey Shraeger. The show was canceled after its first season. In the same year, she had a recurring role alongside her eventual husband David Cross in the IFC sitcom The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret.

From November 2010 until April 2011, she starred as medical student Martha M. Masters in the seventh season of the Fox medical drama series House. She returned for the series finale in 2012.

In August 2013, Tamblyn was cast as Charlie Harper's long-lost (and previously unknown) lesbian daughter, Jenny, on the sitcom Two and a Half Men, opposite Ashton Kutcher and Jon Cryer. Her first appearance was on the season 11 opener, September 26, 2013.

She has appeared on numerous episodes of Comedy Central's Inside Amy Schumer, including the "Milk Milk Lemonade" sketch which aired in 2015. She has also guest starred on IFC's Portlandia and Comedy Bang! Bang!, as well as numerous shows on Adult Swim, including The Heart, She Holler opposite Patton Oswalt and Metalocalypse.

In 2021, Tamblyn starred opposite Diane Lane in the critically acclaimed FX television series "Y The Last man" based on the beloved graphic novel.

Films
Tamblyn launched her film career playing bit parts in her father's movies: Rebellious and Johnny Mysto: Boy Wizard. She also appeared in 1995's Live Nude Girls. Her first major film role was in 2005's The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants as Tibby Rollins, co-starring Alexis Bledel, America Ferrera, and Blake Lively. She reprised the role in the 2008 sequel, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2.

Her horror film career began with the opening scene of 2002's The Ring. Tamblyn also appeared in the Japan-set The Grudge 2. The film, which also stars Sarah Michelle Gellar, was released on October 13, 2006, and debuted in the #1 spot at the North American box office. In August 2010, she won the Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival for her performance in the title role of Stephanie Daley. The film, which also won an award at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, features Tamblyn as a 16-year-old who kills her baby moments after giving birth in the bathroom of a ski resort. She was also nominated for Best Actress at the Independent Spirit Awards. The film also stars Tilda Swinton and Timothy Hutton.

In January 2008, Tamblyn appeared in the Hallmark film The Russell Girl, about a woman suffering from disease and mental anguish. Also in 2008, She also starred in Blackout. She appeared in the 2009 film Spring Breakdown, also featuring Amy Poehler, Rachel Dratch, and Parker Posey. Tamblyn appeared alongside Orlando Bloom, Colin Firth, and Patricia Clarkson in the 2010 film Main Street, a drama set in North Carolina. That year, she also had a role in the drama 127 Hours, with James Franco.

In 2012, Tamblyn starred alongside Wes Bentley and Vincent Piazza in the indie feature 3 Nights in the Desert directed by Gabriel Cowan, written by playwright Adam Chanzit and produced by John Suits. In 2015, she starred opposite Bob Odenkirk in the Netflix original film, Girlfriend's Day. In the same year, Tamblyn also made a cameo appearance with her father Russ in the Spaghetti Western Django Unchained.

In 2016, she made her directorial debut with the film Paint It Black starring Alia Shawkat and based on Janet Fitch's 2006 novel of the same name. Tamblyn optioned the rights to the book in 2012 with the idea of producing the movie and starring as the lead character with Courtney Hunt directing. By 2014 Tamblyn had taken on writing and directing duties herself and had cast Alia Shawkat in the lead role. Filming was completed in December 2014. Rotten Tomatoes has given it a 88% rating based on reviews from 25 critics.

Theater
Tamblyn attended a grade school for the theatrical arts from the age of 5 to 14. She was discovered as an actress at the age of 9 when she starred in Pippi Longstocking. In 2014, she originated the role of Daisy Domergue for the live reading at the Ace Theater in Los Angeles of Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight. She was hand picked by Tarantino, a long-time friend, along with fellow cast members Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, and others. Tamblyn starred in Neil LaBute's Reasons to Be Pretty at the Geffen Playhouse in 2014, which received critical acclaim.

Tamblyn serves on the board of directors for Soho Rep Theater in New York.

Writings
In 2005, Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing published her debut book of poems, written between the ages of 11 and 21, entitled Free Stallion. The School Library Journal's review states that, "Free Stallion is a compilation of poetry that amounts to a portrait of the artist as a teenager... Many of the selections are appropriately self-absorbed but move beyond journalistic catharsis to real insight and stunning language for one so young." Poet Laureate Lawrence Ferlinghetti called the book, "A fine, fruitful gestation of throbbingly nascent sexuality, awakened in young new language." In 2008, she was featured in the Write Bloody Publishing anthology, The Last American Valentine: Illustrated Poems to Seduce and Destroy.

In 2009, Manic D. Press published her second collection of poetry, |Bang Ditto.

In 2015, HarperCollins published her third collection, a hybrid of poetry and art called Dark Sparkler which explored the lives and deaths of child star actresses. The book was a large critical success and bestseller, which features accompanying original art from Marilyn Manson, David Lynch, Marcel Dazma, Adrian Tomine, and many others. For the book's publication launch in 2015, Tamblyn and the band Yo La Tengo created an hour long poetry and music show incorporating poems from Tamblyn's book. They performed the show in New York at Housing Works and in Los Angeles at The Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Tamblyn's first novel, Any Man, was released June 2018. Its plot centers on a serial female rapist who preys on men. Her second book, a memoir and feminist manifesto titled Era of Ignition, was released in March 2019. The book is a personal exploration of feminism during divisive times.

In 2019, Penguin Random House published Era of Ignition; Coming of Age in a Time of Rage and Revolution, a collection of her cultural criticism and memoir essays.

Tamblyn has self-published two chapbooks of poetry, Of the Dawn and Plenty of Ships, and has participated in poetry readings at various venues, particularly in California. The Loneliest, a poem book inspired by Thelonious Monk and his music, was published in 2005 and contains haiku poetry written by Tamblyn and coupled with collages by George Herms.

Tamblyn appeared in a poetry concert film recorded on August 4, 2002, in Los Angeles, The Drums Inside Your Chest. A new collection of poetry, Bang Ditto, was published in September 2009 by San Francisco's Manic D Press. Beginning in October 2009, she began blogging for the Poetry Foundation's blog, Harriet. Her poem "Bridgette Anderson" was one of the poems featured in Saul Williams' book Chorus, published by MTV Books in September 2011.

In 2007, she co-founded Write Now Poetry Society, dedicated to creating unique and quality poetry programming. The non-profit has a long history with The Getty Museum, curating poetry events in conjunction with art openings, such as 2011's Dark Blushing, featuring new poems commissioned by poets Patricia Smith and NEA fellow Jeffrey McDaniel, based on works of art by Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Blake. Since 2011, Tamblyn has reviewed books of poetry by women for iconic feminist magazine, BUST Magazine.

James Woods allegation and Hasidic incident
In a series of September 2017 tweets later reiterated in an open letter published in Teen Vogue, she said that actor James Woods tried to seduce her and a friend at a restaurant and offered to take them to Las Vegas when both Tamblyn and her friend were 16. Woods denied her allegations, calling them a "lie." Tamblyn later wrote an essay for The New York Times in which she said that Woods’s "accusation that I was lying sent me back to that day in that producer’s office, and back to all the days I’ve spent in the offices of men; of feeling unsure, uneasy, questioned and disbelieved, no matter the conversation."

In March 2018, Tamblyn came under criticism for tweets about New York City's Hasidic Jewish community following an incident in Brooklyn involving her daughter. Tamblyn said she was nearly struck by a van driven by a Hasidic Jewish man while walking with her daughter in a stroller. She said "this is not the first time a man from the Hasidic community in NYC has attempted to harm me or other women I know. Any woman riding a bike through South Williamsburg can attest. I hope this guy is caught." Writing in Tablet, journalist Liel Leibovitz chided Tamblyn for "speaking so hurtfully about an entire community of underprivileged people." Tamblyn denied accusations of anti-Semitism.

Personal life
Tamblyn and actor-comedian David Cross became engaged in August 2011, and married on October 6, 2012. On February 21, 2017, Tamblyn announced that she and Cross had recently had a daughter.

She is sometimes said to be the goddaughter of musician Neil Young and actors Dean Stockwell and Dennis Hopper, although in a 2009 interview with Parade, Tamblyn explained that "godfather" was "just a loose term" for Stockwell, Hopper and Young, three famous friends of her father's who were always around the house when she was growing up, and who were big influences on her life.

She was the writing mentee of the late San Francisco Poet Laureate Jack Hirschman.

Politics
Tamblyn supported and campaigned for Hillary Clinton during the 2016 United States presidential election. On social media, Tamblyn urged voters to check voter ID requirements citing VoteRiders as a source of assistance across the United States.

She is one of the founders of the non-profit organization Time's Up, which was created to combat workplace sexual harassment. She is also a feminist.

In October 2023, Tamblyn signed the Artists4Ceasefire open letter to Joe Biden, President of the United States, calling for a ceasefire between Israel and Gaza.

Relationship with parents
In June 2021, Tamblyn wrote an essay in The New York Times expressing solidarity with Britney Spears' effort to end the conservatorship controlling her life. Tamblyn wrote that she became financially successful when she turned 21 and starred in Joan of Arcadia after which her father became her co-manager, and her mother her business manager. She wrote that having her parents on the payroll damaged their relationship, and that her money "paid for our vacations, dinners out, and sometimes even the bills. When it finally came time to disentangle our personal and professional relationships, it was deeply painful for all three of us" but noted she, unlike Spears, "had a healthy and loving relationship with my parents, for the most part" and her parents "were supportive and ethical in every way". When the "circle of those I supported opened up to include extended family members and friends. I was the one they came to for a small loan or in an emergency, the one who always picked up the check", "using money to make people happy, or fix problems, or appease my guilt", she recounted that she felt like "everybody's ATM: a bank that was, nonetheless, unconditionally loved."

Awards and nominations
Tamblyn's portrayal of Joan Girardi earned her both Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations in 2004. She was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress in a Television Series in 2004 and 2005. Her role on House ended with her having multiple nominations for her final performance as Martha Masters.

title: Amber Tamblyn


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/June 18

 * 1704 - Tom Brown, satirist of the low life, dies

Please add Autistic Pride Day & Father's Day. --64.229.7.166 16:14, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

The information in the Wikipedia article on Ted Kaczynski indicates the indictment took place in April, not June "A federal grand jury indicted Kaczynski in April 1996, on 10 counts of illegally transporting, mailing, and using bombs. He was also charged with killing Scrutton, Mosser, and Murray.[77]"Eltrace (talk) 13:29, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

The Appeal of 18 June is very historically important and also has today's date in the name, so I would argue that it's worth adding. Would also recommend the addition of Churchill's "Their Finest Hour" speech delivered the same day. DarkLanius (talk) 21:24, 18 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Too late for this year, so we'll keep it mind for the future. Thanks for the suggestions. — howcheng  {chat} 16:37, 19 June 2018 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:33, 17 June 2013 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
 * Omitted: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (ineligible—maintenance); Loughinisland massacre
 * Included: British European Airways Flight 548 (2nd appearance, last in 2010); Sally Ride (2nd appearance, last in 2008)
 * Repeats: Tang Dynasty (4th consecutive appearance, 4 total); Battle of Waterloo (9th consecutive appearance, 9 total); Alfred Russel Wallace (8th consecutive appearance, 8 total); University of the Philippines (3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:04, 18 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk; Roberto Calvi (moved from June 17)
 * Omitted: Battle of Waterloo; University of the Philippines; British European Airways Flight 548
 * Included: Battle of Civitate (first appearance); Loughinisland massacre (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Tang Dynasty (5th consecutive appearance, 5 total); Alfred Russel Wallace (9th consecutive appearance, 9 total); Sally Ride (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total; 30th anniversary)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:03, 17 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Tang dynasty; Sally Ride; Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
 * Included: Battle of Civitate; Tachikawa air disaster (first appearance); Mona Mahmudnizhad (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Alfred Russel Wallace/Publication of Darwin's theory (Wallace: 10th consecutive appearance, 10 total; publication: first appearance); Loughinisland massacre (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total; 20th anniversary)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:26, 17 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Civitate; Tachikawa air disaster; Mona Mahmudnizhad; Loughinisland massacre
 * Included: Tang dynasty (6th appearance, last in 2013); Battle of Waterloo (10th appearance, last in 2012; 200th anniversary); British European Airways Flight 548 (3rd appearance, last in 2012); Roberto Calvi (4th appearance, last in 2010)
 * Repeats: Alfred Russel Wallace/Publication of Darwin's theory (Wallace: 11th consecutive appearance, 11 total; publication: 2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:58, 18 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Tang dynasty; Alfred Russel Wallace/Publication of Darwin's theory; British European Airways Flight 548; Roberto Calvi
 * Included: Siege of Constantinople (860) (first appearance); Tachikawa air disaster (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Mona Mahmudnizhad (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible)
 * Repeats: Battle of Waterloo (2nd consecutive appearance, 11 total)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:24, 18 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Battle of Civitate (maintenance); 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état (TFA for 2017)
 * Omitted: Battle of Waterloo; Tachikawa air disaster; Mona Mahmudnizhad; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
 * Included: Alfred Russel Wallace (12th appearance, last in 2015; blurb also previously featured Publication of Darwin's theory, which is currently ineligible); British European Airways Flight 548 (4th appearance, last in 2015); Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk (first appearance); Salman of Saudi Arabia (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (first appearance); Olga Constantinovna of Russia (first appearance); Paul McCartney (first appearance; 75th birthday)
 * Repeats: Siege of Constantinople (860) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:20, 18 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Siege of Constantinople (860); Alfred Russel Wallace; British European Airways Flight 548; Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk; Salman of Saudi Arabia (ineligible—maintenance); Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh; Olga Constantinovna of Russia; Paul McCartney
 * Included: Tang dynasty (7th appearance, last in 2015; 800th anniversary); Giordano Bruno (crater) (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); War of 1812 (6th appearance, last in 2010; previously also appeared on December 24; rescued from Ineligible); 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Loughinisland massacre (4th appearance, last in 2014); Rogier van der Weyden (first appearance); Max Immelmann (first appearance); Michael Hastings (journalist) (first appearance)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:49, 19 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Salman of Saudi Arabia
 * Omitted: Giordano Bruno (crater) (deleted—blurb is most likely incorrect); War of 1812; 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état; Loughinisland massacre; Rogier van der Weyden; Max Immelmann; Michael Hastings (journalist)
 * Included: Battle of Waterloo (12th appearance, last in 2016); Appeal of 18 June/This was their finest hour (Appeal: 5th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible; Finest hour: first appearance); Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (2nd appearance, last in 2016; 10th anniversary); Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (3rd appearance, last in 2018; also appeared on August 12, his death anniversary; 250th birthday); Andrew Forsyth (first appearance); Kofoworola Abeni Pratt (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Tang dynasty (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:36, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: War of 1812 (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Jimi Hendrix
 * Omitted: Tang dynasty; Battle of Waterloo; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh; Andrew Forsyth (ineligible—maintenance); Kofoworola Abeni Pratt
 * Included: Siege of Constantinople (860) (3rd appearance, last in 2017); Alfred Russel Wallace (13th appearance, last in 2017); Mona Mahmudnizhad (3rd appearance, last in 2016; rescued from Ineligible); Salman of Saudi Arabia (3rd appearance, last in 2017); William Cobbett (first appearance); Alice T. Schafer (first appearance); Isabella Rossellini (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Appeal of 18 June (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total; blurb normally also features This was their finest hour, but is being omitted because We shall fight on the beaches just appeared on June 4)

Please make Autistic Pride Day a regularly celebrated anniversary
Please make it a regularly celebrated anniversary in Wikipedia.

Autism awareness and autism pride isn't same thing. Autism pride stresses on the thing that autistic individuals have right to be ourselves and we do not have to force mask ourselves into a broken version of neurotypicals. We have the infinite potential but for that we need the niche which is accessible for us. We also speak that world needs more of us. We speak against eugenic elimination of genetic diversity. We encourage cognitive diversity. We believe that strength lies in diversity and not in sameness. We say "Nothing about us without us''. We share day to day our experience about hidden disability and how the disability doesn't belong to the affected person but it belongs to an inaccessible world. As a person in the spectrum, I feel these messages are missed or omitted in the autism awareness programs; and both are very different.

 * Now why to spread autism pride? Because awareness is misleading. Awareness often leads to fear about autism. What helps us, is understanding, acceptance and confidence. Yet awareness is a majoritarian (neurotypical) view, funded by neurotypical agencies, governed by mostly neurotypical-led charities. Awareness programs are something about us without us. In contrast, what actually helps us to flourish and expand our potentials, is not promoted by neurotypical authority. It is promoted by our little efforts.

RIT RAJARSHI (talk) 13:41, 7 June 2021 (UTC)
 * this was delisted for having a unreferenced section. Articles in OTD need to be properly referenced.  The section Autistic_Pride_Day is lacking in references for many of the asserted statements.  You, or others, can resolve this by appropriately editing the article.  Once this is done, you may activate this as an edit request by changing   to "no" at the top of this section. Best regards, —  xaosflux  Talk 10:31, 8 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I've excised the unreferenced section (it wasn't very encyclopedic in any case) and cleaned up the article a little. I think the article might pass muster for OTD now, although it might still be a little on the shorter side. —  RAVEN PVFF   · talk · 16:25, 8 June 2021 (UTC)
 * any issues? — xaosflux  Talk 13:46, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * (Yes I know this page isn't protected right now - if there are to objections in a day or so its probably fine to re-add now) — xaosflux  Talk 13:58, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Seems fine to me. We certainly have shorter articles. — howcheng  {chat} 23:15, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ as the article is no longer error-tagged, and no objections above. — xaosflux  Talk 10:10, 10 June 2021 (UTC)
 * We've relisted this for the "On this day" section that will appear on the main page. This section acknowledges that an event occurs, and directs readers to the article.  Best regards, —  xaosflux  Talk 10:12, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

Thank you so much

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:34, 19 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Max Immelmann (moved to January 12)
 * Omitted: Siege of Constantinople (860); Appeal of 18 June; Mona Mahmudnizhad; Salman of Saudi Arabia; William Cobbett; Alice T. Schafer; Isabella Rossellini
 * Included: Autistic Pride Day (rescued from Ineligible); Tang dynasty (9th appearance, last in 2019); 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Jimi Hendrix (first appearance); Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Ambrose Philips (first appearance); James Montgomery Flagg (first appearance); Barack Obama Sr. (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Alfred Russel Wallace (2nd consecutive appearance, 14 total)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:37, 21 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Tang dynasty; Alfred Russel Wallace; 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état; Jimi Hendrix; Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk; Ambrose Philips; James Montgomery Flagg; Barack Obama Sr.
 * Included: Battle of Kolín (first appearance); Battle of Waterloo (13th appearance, last in 2019); British European Airways Flight 548 (5th appearance, last in 2017; 50th anniversary); Roberto Calvi (5th appearance, last in 2015; 40th anniversary); Salman of Saudi Arabia (4th appearance, last in 2020; 10th anniversary); Rogier van der Weyden (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Paul McCartney (5th appearance, last in 2020; normally appears on April 10); Kofoworola Abeni Pratt (2nd appearance, last in 2019; 30th anniversary)


text:
Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea

Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea (6 July 1821 – 28 November 1894), known between May 1882 and June 1893 as Sir Hussey Vivian, 1st Baronet, was a Welsh industrialist and politician from the Vivian family.

Biography
Born at Singleton Abbey, Swansea, Henry was the eldest son of industrialist and MP John Henry Vivian and his wife Sarah, daughter of Arthur Jones, of Reigate. His younger brothers were Arthur Vivian (who would become an industrialist and MP), Glynn Vivian (afterwards an art collector and philanthropist) and Graham Vivian. His uncle was Richard Hussey Vivian, first baron Vivian. He was educated at Eton and studied metallurgy in Germany and France from 1838 before entering Trinity College, Cambridge in 1839.

After two years he became manager of the Liverpool branch of the copper-smelting business founded by his grandfather, Vivian & Sons. Three years later he became a partner of the firm before coming to Swansea to manage the Hafod Works during the last ten years of his father's life (1845–1855). He developed a range of by-products from copper-smelting and diversified into other metallurgical activities. He is credited with originating the "sliding scale" of miners' wages after the strike of 1889, though other authorities attribute the idea to William Thomas Lewis, afterwards Lord Merthyr. He was one of the chief promoters of the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, helped to further extend the harbour facilities of the town and championed the merits of Welsh coal in Parliamentary debates. It was largely due to his efforts that Swansea became a major industrial centre.

He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Truro (1852–57), Glamorganshire (1857–85), and Swansea District, 1885–93.

In 1889, he became the first chairman of the Glamorgan County Council. He was also a Justice of the Peace, Deputy Lieutenant for Glamorgan and for some years first Lieutenant-Colonel of the 4th Glamorgan Rifle Volunteers.

He was created a baronet of Singleton, in the Parish of Swansea in the County of Glamorgan, on 13 May 1882, and Baron Swansea, of Singleton in the County of Glamorgan, on 9 June 1893.

After his death on 28 November 1894, probate was granted to his sons Henry Hussey Vivian and Odo Richard Vivian valuing his estate at £163,707 1s 9d, he was buried in the churchyard of St Paul's Church in Sketty. There is a bronze statue of Henry wearing a frock coat and gown in St. David's Shopping Centre, Swansea, created by Italian sculptor Mario Raggi. There is also a plaque at St John's Church in Hafod. It was erected by his widow and contains the words 'Life's race well run. Life's work well done. Life's crown well won. Then comes rest'.

Lord Swansea's younger brother Sir Arthur Vivian was also a Liberal politician.

Marriages and children
Lord Swansea married, on 15 April 1847, to Jessie Dalrymple Goddard (c. 1825 – 28 February 1848), the daughter of Ambrose Goddard, of the Lawn, Swindon. His wife died of childbed fever a few weeks after the birth of their only child.

 * Ernest Ambrose Vivian, 2nd Baron Swansea (11 February 1848 – 17 July 1922); died unmarried

On 14 July 1853, he married Lady Flora Caroline Elizabeth Cholmeley (died 25 January 1868), daughter of Sir Montague Cholmeley, 2nd Baronet. They had one son;

 * The Hon. John Aubrey Vivian (23 July 1854 – 1 March 1898); died unmarried

Lord Swansea took as his third wife, on 10 November 1870, Averil Beaumont (1841 – 14 January 1934), daughter of Capt. Richard Beaumont, R.N., and granddaughter of the 3rd Baron Macdonald of Slate. He and his third wife had seven children;

 * Violet Averil Margaret Vivian (3 December 1871 – 30 March 1943)
 * Henry Hussey Vivian (5 February 1873 – 11 December 1898); died unmarried
 * Odo Richard Vivian, 3rd Baron Swansea (22 April 1875 – 16 November 1934)
 * Averil Vivian (4 December 1876 – 1 February 1959); married George Tryon, 1st Baron Tryon
 * Alexandra Gladys Vivian (c. 1879 – 17 July 1966)
 * Alberta Diana Vivian (10 February 1883 – 1968)
 * a daughter (10 February 1883)

title: Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea


text:
Center for the Book

The US Library of Congress Center for the Book was founded in 1977 by Daniel J. Boorstin, the Librarian of Congress, to promote literacy, libraries, and reading and an understanding of the history and heritage of American literature. The Center for the Book is mainly supported by tax-deductible donations.

History
In 1977, Librarian of Congress Dr. Daniel J. Boorstin founded the Library of Congress' Center for the Book, which was established by Congress in public law 95-129 to promote books, reading, literacy and libraries, as well as the scholarly study of books. Dr. Boorstin appointed Dr. John Y. Cole to the position of founding director of the Center for the Book. Cole had previously served as the chairman of the one-year task force on library goals, organization and planning that had recommended a Center for the Book to Dr. Boorstin.

In 1984 the center began to establish state affiliate Centers for the Book. Center for the Book Affiliates carry out the national Center’s mission, sponsor programs that highlight their area’s local literary heritage and call attention to the importance of books, reading, libraries and literacy. Today there are affiliate centers in all 50 states, American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Leadership
Dr. John Y. Cole was the founding director of the Center for the Book in 1977. He is the author of Jefferson’s Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress (1993) and On These Walls: Inscriptions and Quotations in the Library of Congress (1995), among other books focusing on the history of the Library of Congress.

The role that John Cole and the Center for the Book played in promoting the study of the history of the book was documented in a bibliographic essay, “The Center for the Book and the History of the Book” that covered the time period 1977-1999. Cole's work at the Center for the Book was honored in a special issue of Libraries & the Cultural Record

Cole retired as Director of the Center for the Book in 2016 and was appointed Library of Congress Historian where he served from 2016-2021.

Pam Jackson was director of the Center for the Book from 2016 to 2018. John Van Oudenaren was director in 2018.

Guy Lamolinara, is the current director. He is the author of “The National and International Roles of the Center for the Book.”

National Book Festival
The Library of Congress National Book Festival, established in 2001 by Laura Bush and James H. Billington, is an annual event in which the Center for the Book plays a major role. The festival was previously held on the National Mall for two days in the fall. Authors are invited to give readings, sign books, give lectures and do interviews. Representatives from across the country are also invited to promote their states’ literary heritage.

Every year since 2002, the Library affiliates each choose a book to celebrate at the Book Festival in the Library’s Roadmap to Reading. Lists of "Great Reads from Great Places" since 2002 are available at the Center for the Book website.

Letters About Literature
Letters About Literature was a national contest created by the Center for the Book that encouraged literacy in grades 4–12. The contest asked students to read a work of either prose or poetry and write to its author (living or dead), explaining how what they read affected them. Contestants competed in one of three age groups: Level I: grades 4–6; Level II: grades 7–8; Level III: grades 9–12. Letters were initially screened through two rounds of judges, who were individuals with knowledge of children’s literature. The best letters moved on to state competitions, and those winners moved on to a national competition hosted by the Library of Congress. Judging began in March for state competitions, and national winners were announced in May. The final competition was held during the 2018/19 school year.

River of Words
The Center for the Book and St. Mary's College Center for Environmental Literacy partner in presenting River of Words, the largest youth poetry and art competition in the world. Founded in 1995 under former Poet Laureate Robert Hass, the contest is free to all contestants. The contest asks students ages 5–19 to examine a watershed in their environment and reflect on what it means to them. They must then express their reflection through poetry or art. In 2011 the Center for the Book co-sponsored a concert in which acclaimed composer Libby Larsen set some of the winning poems to music. Every year the contest receives tens of thousands of submissions. The contest is particularly popular with Scout troops and other organizations with an emphasis on the outdoors.

Young Readers Center
The Young Readers Center was opened in the Library of Congress' Thomas Jefferson Building in 2009 to provide a place for children 16 years and younger accompanied by an adult to access reading materials and other literary resources and to attend programs, such as a weekly story hour.

Literacy Awards
The Center for the Book began managing the Library of Congress Literacy Awards after their creation was announced at the 2012 International Summit for the Book. Created and sponsored by philanthropist David M. Rubenstein, the awards support organizations that perform innovative work in increasing literacy levels. Totaling $250,000, the three annual awards are given to organizations that have made significant progress in advancing the promotion of literacy in the United States and beyond: the David M. Rubenstein Prize ($150,000), the American Prize ($50,000), and the International Prize ($50,000).

The award winners and honorees are announced at the annual Library of Congress National Book Festival, and list is available at the Library of Congress website.

National Collegiate Book Collecting Contest
The National Collegiate Book Collecting Contest was started in 2005 by Fine Books & Collections magazine to recognize extraordinary book collections of college students. After three years of running the competition, the magazine turned it over to the Library of Congress. More than 35 colleges and universities hold book-collecting contests. The winners of those contests are encouraged to enter the national competition. Student book collectors whose schools do not offer a competition may also apply to the national contest.

Library of Congress Poetry & Literature Center
The Center for the Book administers the Library of Congress Poetry & Literature Center, which serves as the Office of the U.S. Poet Laureate. The Poetry & Literature Center organizes a yearly program of readings, performances, conferences and lectures. The center oversees the prestigious biannual Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry. The prize is awarded to the most distinguished American book of poetry published in the two years before the award is given. The center also grants the esteemed Witter Bynner Fellowship. Started in 1998, the Poetry & Literature Center awards these fellowships to two up-and-coming poets.

National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature
Sponsored by the Center for the Book and the Children’s Book Council, the National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature serves to promote youth literacy and the valuable attributes it develops, such as lifelong literacy, education and the growth and enhancement of the lives of young people. The ambassador is appointed by a select group of individuals who work in the youth literature field. Four individuals have held the positions since its creation in 2008: Jon Scieszka, Katherine Paterson, Walter Dean Myers, Kate DiCamillo, and current ambassador Gene Luen Yang.

title: Center for the Book


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title: User talk:137.195.176.12