text:
Pyramidal number

A pyramidal number is the number of points in a pyramid with a polygonal base and triangular sides. The term often refers to square pyramidal numbers, which have a square base with four sides, but it can also refer to a pyramid with any number of sides. The numbers of points in the base and in layers parallel to the base are given by polygonal numbers of the given number of sides, while the numbers of points in each triangular side is given by a triangular number. It is possible to extend the pyramidal numbers to higher dimensions.

Formula
The formula for the $n$th $r$-gonal pyramidal number is

 * $$P_n^r= \frac{3n^2 + n^3(r-2) - n(r-5)}{6},$$

where $r ∈ $\mathbb{N}$$, $r ≥ 3$.

This formula can be factored:

 * $$P_n^r=\frac{n(n+1)\bigl(n(r-2)-(r-5)\bigr)}{(2)(3)}=\left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)\left(\frac{n(r-2)-(r-5)}{3}\right)=T_n \cdot \frac{n(r-2)-(r-5)}{3},$$

where $T_{n}$ is the $n$th triangular number.

Sequences
The first few triangular pyramidal numbers (equivalently, tetrahedral numbers) are:

 * 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220, ...

The first few square pyramidal numbers are:
 * 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, 91, 140, 204, 285, 385, 506, 650, 819, ....

The first few pentagonal pyramidal numbers are:

 * 1, 6, 18, 40, 75, 126, 196, 288, 405, 550, 726, 936, 1183, 1470, 1800, 2176, 2601, 3078, 3610, 4200, 4851, 5566, 6348, 7200, 8125, 9126.

The first few hexagonal pyramidal numbers are:
 * ,, , , , , , 372, 525, 715, 946, 1222, 1547, 1925.

The first few heptagonal pyramidal numbers are:
 * 1, 8, 26, 60, 115, 196, 308, 456, 645, 880, 1166, 1508, 1911, ...

title: Pyramidal number


text:
Perushtitsa

Perushtitsa (Перущица ) or Perushtitza is a Bulgarian town located in Perushtitsa Municipality, Plovdiv Province at the foot of the Rhodopes, 22 kilometers south of Plovdiv.

The name Perushtitsa comes from the word Peristitsa, which in turn comes from the name of the God Perun.

The town is famous throughout Bulgaria for the fight that took place there in 1876 during the April Uprising against the Ottoman reign. During the suppression of the uprising by Turkish irregulars, the majority of the residents were slaughtered. The French journalist Ivan de Woestyne, who visited the town in July 1876, reported for the newspaper Le Figaro that out of a population of about 2000 only 150 elders and children were left. Lady Strangford arrived from Britain later that year with relief for the people of Bulgaria following the massacres. She built a hospital at Batak and later other hospitals were built including at Perushtitsa.

Perushtitsa is one of the few places in Bulgaria where Mavrud grapes are grown for a typical Bulgarian wine Mavrud.

The remains of the Red Church date from the 5th or 6th century and are a symbol for the city of Perushtitsa. They are located 2 km northeast of Perushtitsa.

There is a multi functional sports complex "Perushtitsa" (at coordinates 42.061396,24553302 ) which can be used for 14 sports - basketball, handball, volleyball, football, badminton, table tennis, body building, and others.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Perushtitsa


text:
Kocaeli

Kocaeli may refer to:

 * Sanjak of Kocaeli, an Ottoman province
 * Kocaeli Province, Turkey
 * Kocaeli, an alternative name for İzmit
 * Kocaeli Peninsula, the peninsula at the north west point of Anatolia
 * Kocaeli, İvrindi, a village

title: Kocaeli


text:
Talk:History of Ukraine

"Twentieth Century" in the sidebar
Why is the Chernobyl article not listed in chronological order? As it is, WWII is listed as happening after the Chernobyl disaster. Zaporozhian (talk) 20:14, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Galicia/Ukraine
The extreme western part of Galicia, incorporated into Poland after World War I, was part of Poland prior to the First Partition of Poland, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was never part of a unified Ukrainian state, and I believe it violates a neutral point of view to call it western Ukraine. There were two ephemeral states there after World War I, the Lemko-Rusyn Republic and the Komancza Republic. Only the latter would have willingly joined a Ukrainian state.Pustelnik 15:57, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I suspect that as the first 5000 years of history of Galicia are not mentioned you do not consider that before 1914 Galicia was not part of Ukraine at any time in its history. I will research the matter then
 * Chaosdruid (talk) 19:49, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Conversion in 988
Cyril converted the nobles in 988? That was Volodymyr. Cyril was about 120 years earlier, he might have converted a few, I don't know.

Western betrayal
I'm preparing an article on the concept of Western Betrayal User:Halibutt/Western betrayal. I need someone to drop in and add some info on the meaning of the term in the Ukraine. Did the Ukraine feel sold to Stalin or anything similar during WWII?Halibutt 09:56, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Well, I've seen references in literature to how the population expected Americans to come and rescue them quite soon after WW II. People often idealized America as the place of progress and justice, as in the words of the bard of Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko, "When will we have our own George Washington with his law of righteousness?" Americans did provide support to the resistance armies of UPA after the war (Ukrainians are famous in American military circles as the nation that fought the Soviets for the longest time.) But this effort hurt more than helped: the British spy, Kim Philby conveyed the information to the Soviets. Another betrayal was Operation Keelhaul, by which the Allied armies sent displaced persons from the Soviet sphere back home to death or persecution, usually either under compulsion or without informed consent. Genyo 11:55, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Series on Ukrainian History
We need a series on Ukrainian History on this site, perhaps one separate detailed article for each heading. Any comments? Contributions? Genyo 11:59, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * To which I add there is no mention of the Dukhobors in the History of Ukraine. 2602:306:8039:CC20:7B73:DF23:DAC1:71CB (talk) 19:03, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

The history of Ukraine in modern times is considered to be criminal acts by anonymous wiki editors (less than 5 minutes ago), who were also involved with destroying the history of the US Department of Education and its Institutes, brain injury services through the private sectors in US, and the development of Medicaid and Medicare in the United States (circa 2012). The parties involved are considered lifetime career criminals and "need to be brought to justice at criminal grand larceny-IP" and more serious crimes against the US and its people. Julie Ann Racino, American Society for Public Administration, International, 2021 2603:7081:2040:9200:2D7F:9B6D:E529:CEDD (talk) 13:51, 16 June 2021 (UTC)JARacino2603:7081:2040:9200:2D7F:9B6D:E529:CEDD (talk) 13:51, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

Main page history section
The history section of the main country page looks like it has about as much information as does this page. Someone should move over whatever's missing here. --Shallot 17:17, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Actually, this piece is twice as long, but, you're right,we need some expansion here. Genyo 03:39, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Ukraine at maps.
Dear wikipedians,

there is the following text in the article:

''In the 11th century, Kievan Rus was, geographically, the largest state in Europe. During this time, Kievan Rus became known in the rest of Europe under several names derived from Rus. In addition, the name "Ukraine" first appears in recorded history on maps of the period.''

Can anyone point me to the map that uses Ukraine that time? As far as I know, there are just few disputed references to this word in Chronicles at the best!

Thanks!

Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 23:33, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You'd better write your version. --Vasile 00:03, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe you want to sustain this important modification. --Vasile 04:43, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Prohibition of Ukrainian language
Your version: The Russians in particular imposed strict limits on attempts to elevate Ukrainian language and culture, even banning its use in official documents. Due to political processes in Austro-Hungary, the people of Ukraine began to accept a change of their name from Rus/Rusyny to Ruthenia/Ruthenians and then to Ukraine/Ukrainians.

The actual version: The Russians in particular imposed strict limits on attempts to elevate Ukrainian language and culture, even banning its use and study. The fate of the Ukrainians was much more positive under the Austrians. During this time, the people of Ukraine began to accept a change of their name from Rus'/Rusyny (Ruthenia/Ruthenians) to Ukraine/Ukrainians.

--Vasile

Dear Vasile, it's because there are no evidences of any decisions of Russian tsars or Russian government against the Ukrainian language use in common literature. However, I will check documents and update with details. Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 08:30, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

For those who read Russian I'd like to cite both infamous documents often used by modern Ukrainian nationalists to support their opinion that Ukrainian was banned in Russia (I don't wish to waste time to translage these w/o specific request):

1863 Valuev's circular:

''Давно уже идут споры в нашей печати о возможности существования самостоятельной малороссийской литературы. Поводом к этим спорам служили произведения некоторых писателей, отличавшихся более или менее замечательным талантом или своею оригинальностью. В последнее время вопрос о малороссийской литературе получил иной характер, вследствие обстоятельств чисто политических, не имеющих никакого отношения к интересам собственно литературным. Прежние произведения на малороссийском языке имели в виду лишь образованные классы Южной России, ныне же приверженцы малороссийской народности обратили свои виды на массу непросвещенную, и те из них, которые стремятся к осуществлению своих политических замыслов, принялись, под предлогом распространения грамотности и просвещения, за издание книг для первоначального чтения, букварей, грамматик, географий и т.п. В числе подобных деятелей находилось множество лиц, о преступных действиях которых производилось следственное дело в особой комиссии.''

''В С.-Петербурге даже собираются пожертвования для издания дешевых книг на южно-русском наречии. Многие из этих книг поступили уже на рассмотрение в С.-Петербургский цензурный комитет. Не малое число таких же книг представляется и в киевский цензурный комитет. Сей последний в особенности затрудняется пропуском упомянутых изданий, имея в виду следующие обстоятельства: обучение во всех без изъятия училищах производится на общерусском языке и употребление в училищах малороссийского языка нигде не допущено; самый вопрос о пользе и возможности употребления в школах этого наречия не только не решен, но даже возбуждение этого вопроса принято большинством малороссиян с негодованием, часто высказывающимся в печати. Они весьма основательно доказывают, что никакого особенного малороссийского языка не было, нет и быть не может, и что наречие их, употребляемое простонародием, есть тот же русский язык, только испорченный влиянием на него Польши; что общерусский язык так же понятен для малороссов, как и для великороссиян, и даже гораздо понятнее, чем теперь сочиняемый для них некоторыми малороссами и в особенности поляками, так называемый, украинский язык. Лиц того кружка, который усиливается доказать противное, большинство самих малороссов упрекает в сепаратистских замыслах, враждебных к России и гибельных для Малороссии.''

''Явление это тем более прискорбно и заслуживает внимания, что оно совпадает с политическими замыслами поляков, и едва ли не им обязано своим происхождением, судя по рукописям, поступившим в цензуру, и по тому, что большая часть малороссийских сочинений действительно поступает от поляков. Наконец, и киевский генерал-губернатор находит опасным и вредным выпуск в свет рассматриваемого ныне духовною цензурою перевода на малороссийский язык Нового Завета.''

''Принимая во внимание, с одной стороны, настоящее тревожное положение общества, волнуемого политическими событиями, а с другой стороны имея в виду, что вопрос об обучении грамотности на местных наречиях не получил еще окончательного разрешения в законодательном порядке, министр внутренних дел признал необходимым, впредь до соглашения с министром народного просвещения, обер-прокурором св.синода и шефом жандармов относительно печатания книг на малороссийском языке, сделать по цензурному ведомству распоряжение, чтобы к печати дозволялись только такие произведения на этом языке, которые принадлежат к области изящной литературы; пропуском же книг на малороссийском языке как духовного содержания, так учебных и вообще назначаемых для первоначального чтения народа, приостановиться. О распоряжении этом было повергаемо на Высочайшее Государя Императора воззрение и Его Величеству благоугодно было удостоить оное монаршего одобрения.''

1876 Emskiy Decree:

1) Не допускать ввоза в пределы Империи, без особого на то разрешения Главного Управления по делам печати, каких бы то ни было книг и брошюр, издаваемых за границей на малороссийском наречии.

''2) Печатание и издание в Империи оригинальных произведений и переводов на том же наречии воспретить, за исключением лишь: а) исторических документов и памятников и б) произведений изящной словесности, но с тем, чтобы при печатании исторических памятников безусловно удерживалось правописание подлинника; в произведениях же изящной словесности не было допускаемо никаких отступлений от общепринятого русского провописания, и чтобы разрешение на напечатание произведений изящной словесности давалось не иначе, как по рассмотрении рукописей в Главном Управлении по делам печати.''

3) Воспретить также различные сценические представления и чтения на малороссийском наречии, а равно и печатание на таковом же текстов к музыкальным нотам.

I'd like to mention, that item 2) prohibits use of the spelling newly invented in Austro-Hungary, not use of old spelling used in Ukrainian territories inside Russia.

Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 09:05, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC) NOTE the above documents are NOT in original wording! They have been essentially modernized. Ángel.García ~ ~ ~ ~

Early History
"The first identifiable groups to populate what is now Ukraine were the Trypillians, followed by the Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians, and Goths, among other nomadic peoples who arrived throughout the first millennium BC. During this period, Ukraine served as a super highway for the migration for peoples from Asia into Europe. These people were known to colonists and traders in the ancient world, including the Greeks and the Romans, who established trading outposts, and which eventually became city states. Of particular interest was the Antes civilization, which, during the common era, left its mark upon the territory of Ukraine. The Antes were thought to be an early Slavic or pre-Slavic civilization in the area."

Could somebody please explain to me this paragraph's subtle sense metaphoric "relevance" for the article? --Vasile 00:22, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Sure, but i'mnont sure logic will do.

Most of the first 4/5ths of the article speak of the history of the territory of today's state of Ukraine. The final several sentences speak of the early history of the ethnos of today'ssUkrainians.

Thanks for the chance to educate you.

Genyo 00:34, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You didn't answer my question. If you write about history of the "territory", what's the reason you mentioned those peoples? Why are they important for Ukraine history? For example, please write more about the importance of Roman colons in Ukraine history. Where these colons were located? --Vasile 02:02, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * If anything, previous settlements are important because they show why the current population settled the same area. Pre-historic, Greek and Roman colonies were all generally built next to notable landforms: arable land for agriculture, or rivers for water or seas for trade or easily defensible hills where one can build forts, ... and then they probably also left traces of their culture/civilization that was inherited by those that came later. There can be any number of notable historical factoids in the old periods. (I never thought I'd have to explain this kind of thing...) --Joy [shallot]   12:17, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * What's wrong with saying what/who was in today's Ukraine before the Ukrainians? Even though it may seem anachronistic to put this under the modern-day title, history doesn't begin in the 6th century AD. --Joy [shallot]   01:28, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I absolutely agree. I would even prefer more information about the history prior to the 6th century. Juro 03:28, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I should also probably note my semi-bias given that I've recently created Croatia before the Croats with just this line of reasoning in mind. --Joy [shallot]   12:17, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Do you think we shold add something about Ukrainian Waffen-SS division? Some of its units killed Jews in Lviv (in 1941), took part in Warsaw Uprising (on German side), murdered civilians in Slovakia...

 * YES THERE WAS A UKRAINIAN ss DIVISION, BUT THERE WERE ALSO JEWS WHO BETREYED THEIR OWN PEOPLE, MANY SLAVIC NATION AND NOT ONLY SLAVS, TATARS FOR EXAMPLE, THOUGHT THAT GERMANS WERE BETTER THAN COMMUNISTS, (DOES NOT MEAN THEY WERE RIGHT) BUT THE FACT IS MANY OF THOSE PEOPLE WANTED TO FIGHT COMMUNISM SO DON'T CONFUSE UKRAINIAN SS DIVISION WITH THE REST OF THE UKRAINAINS, ANYWAY WHAT HAS IT TO DO WITH UKRAINIAN ORIGINS????? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.149.200.191 (talk • contribs) 02:52, 11 October 2004

1) I believe, that the fact of existence of SS (Galizien?) Division should be mentioned, as well as similiar engagemnets should be noticed eg. in case of Latvia or Estonia. 2) Please note, that the description of facts does not judge the motives of SS-volunteers - it should only states that the fact took place. 3) I wonder, why the discussion regarding SS Division is under "early history" heading. --MWeinz 10:59, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

NPOV regarding Holodomor denial
172, I'm glad we're working this out. But your description of the conflicting opinions is unbalanced. For now I'm reverting this paragraph (my emphasis).

 * Some Ukrainian nationalist historians, along with some Western writers, consider the famine of 1932-33 a deliberate act of genocide. However, some Western Soviet specialists writing more recently such as Moshe Lewin, Alexander Dallin, and Alec Nove dismiss the idea that the famine was a deliberate act, but rather the consequence of Stalin's program of industrialization and collectivization.

I thought that simply noting that there are conflicting opinions would be suitable here, without spending several paragraphs analysing the respective arguments or posting résumés of all the proponents. I'm thinking those details belong at the Collectivization article, but maybe here is better. We could easily get into an edit war adding our favourite supporters to the lists:

 * ''Ukrainians, non-Ukrainians including westerners, nationalists, non-nationanalists, historians, Soviet specialists, and writers, consider the famine of 1932–1933...

 * ''However, some Western Soviet specialists writing more recently, as well as in earlier times, staunch communists, hack journalists, Stalin apologists, Ukrainophobes, nostalgic Marxist-Leninists, easterners, westerners, nationalists, historians, school marms, and teacup poodles dismiss the idea...

Anyway, I suggest that this be kept simple and neutral, or addressed in detail, perhaps in a subsection titled Was the famine deliberate, or some such thing. At the very least, let's not start with the label "Ukrainian nationalists", which is ungenerously limited at best, and pejorative at worst. —Michael Z. 2005-01-31 16:55 Z

Anon's edit of July 15, 2005
Recently, an anonymous editors, who seems to have a good grasp on some facts but somewhat partisan views edited the article extensively. I would like to call this and other editors for the usual caution we should all use in all WP articles, but especially on the wide topic articles like this one. The edits were done hastily, were not proofread, while some info was actually useful. The article simply could not remain in that form. It either had to be quickly moderated (speed at the cost of quality, unfortunately) or get a POV tag, which would be even a bigger shame. I chose the first solution. I am not sure, the article is better now, than it was before the recent set of edits, but that's OK. It will get improved with time. It would be more convenient to communicate if the anon editor chooses to register. registering does not compromise the anonymity in any way. To the contrary, since IP points to an approximate location, while the username does not. But that's just a request of course. I hope, with everyone's cooperation, the article will improve. Regards, --Irpen 23:25, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Gentry voting to join PLC?
The 'Under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth' section states: After the Union of Lublin in 1569 and the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the gentry of Ukraine voted for membership in the Polish part of the Commonwealth. I find it quite confusing and likely erroneus. First 1) who is 'the gentry of Ukraine'? 2) what 'voting'? IIRC, Ukraine was then controlled by GDL, and GDL was basically forced by the PLC to cede Ukraine to the PLC during the negotations that led to the Lublin Union (the argument flowing along the lines: if you want our (PLC) protection from Muscovy, you have to give us something in return for pulling us into this conflict). True, the Union of Lublin was voted for by the gentry of PLC and GDL (or rather, GDL magnates), but was there really a separate gentry in Ukraine that voted specifically for inclusion in the PLC?--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 01:50, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe, it would be wiser to identify voting magnates that were Orthodox Christians. Sashazlv 02:11, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Not PLC, but PL. PLC is Poland-Lithuania :) Second, not forced by Poland, by but graand dukje, who, after getting nervous when Lithuainan magnates didn't want the union, decided to transfer Ukraine to Poland :) (and then they commented: why do you need the union with us, if we are already given to you?) But I will search for that. Szopen 17:00, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

POVed Post-war and independence section
I tagged this section as POV after first reading it. It is clearly biased in the way of not mentioning the massive negative sides of the post-war Soviet rule in Ukraine. E.g., could I have at least short tips on the following issues:

 * Russification
 * atheism
 * poor and subordinated state of social sciences and humanities
 * persecution of dissidents
 * all massive environment impacts (not limited to Chornobyl)
 * militarization of economy and social life
 * urbanization and tremendous decline of Ukrainian rural society
 * corruption,

and dozens of "etceteras"?

BTW, objections like "it has been an all-Soviet trend" will not be accepted: it is a main article on Ukrainian history. And every each important detail should be at least hinted and linked. Ukrained 11:27, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Please propose your specific changes to the article. The problem of the section stems from its being too brief rather than biased. We have only this many editors interested in Ukraine and they have only this much time. Unfortunately, while some try to add as much info as possible, the coberage of Ukraine lacks significantly. Also, the intrusions of some editors who do nothing but edit warring over names wastes much of the valuable time. If you don't mind, I will remove the tag. The section isn't one-sided. It is simply too brief. This is not a template:POV-section problem bu rather template:expandsect. Finally, the aggressice wording of what "will not be accepted" by you stated in advance is unhelpful. --Irpen 19:12, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Salvaged form History of Poland
Recent anon edit added some info about Ukrainians to that article. It was stronlgy POVed (for exmple, he changed every single 'Poles' entry to 'Poles and Ukrainians'), but I salvaged some of it and I am moving some other info here, as it seems to belong here more then there. Feel free to go over that edit and HoP article and NPOV it more.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 16:51, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

''Poland lost about 22 percent of its population, which some suggest was the highest proportion of any country in World War II. Comparably, about 10 million Ukrainians died in the Second World War, the largest overall loss of civilian population in Nazi occupied Europe although Ukrainians, not having an independent state of their own, were often miscounted under other headings, such as "Polish," "Soviet" and even "Russian."''

One of the most honourable of those who worked to save the Jews as the Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Metropolitan A Sheptytsky, of Lviv, although he has yet to be officially recognized for his good deeds.

''In territories that interwar Poland occupied, in what is today western Ukraine (Galicia, Volhynia, Bukovina) an extensive anti-Nazi and anti-Soviet resistance movement, crafted largely as a result of the efforts of the Organization of Ukrainain Nationalists, and known as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), continued to resist foreign occupation of Ukrainian lands well into the 1950s. Although this precipated conflict with the AK and other Polish groups in some regions, there was also occasional collaboration betweeen Ukrainian and Polish partisan units in their shared struggle against the Soviet reoccupation. Large numbers of Jews were sheltered by both the UPA and AK, indeed many of the medicial officers and staff of UPA were Ukrainian Jews.''

Interwar section
What about the famine of 1921? (G Ranzini 17:47, 12 March 2006 (UTC))
 * You are right. I just started expanding the interwar section. I cannot say how fast I will manage to work on this, but it certainly deserves to be mentioned. So far I wrote on the most important things in the Soviet part of Ukraine that happened at the interwar time that in chronological order would be early-Soviet Ukrainization, industrialization, Holodomor and purge. You may also note that other sections of the interwar period (under non-Soviet governments) are also missing. This needs much work. I just started by writing on the most important things. --Irpen 06:57, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

deletion due to populace disagreement
user:TSO1D deleted a certain piece from Ukraine article with the comment: "All of the regions mentioned had Romanain majorities with the exception of the "western part" which ironically was given to the Moldovan SSR)" Indeed, this is true Bessarabia for Hertsa region. But Ukraine incorporated not whole piece Bessarabia, but its southern part, with exactly the pretext that this part was predominantly Ukraininan. Also, I have doubts that Bukovina had Romanian majority.

Can TSO1D please give a bit more support to the edit? mikka (t) 22:13, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Northern Bukovina, which was incorporated in Ukraine had a Ukrainian majority. The only Romanian majority area attached to UA was the Hertsa region. I will correct it. I planned to continue adding some order to this article anyway. --Irpen 01:17, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Even the Soviet data showed that in the regions of Hotin, Akerman, and Ismail 28.4% were of the Romanian ethnicity whereas the Ukrainians only made up 24.5% of the population. In order to make it appear that the regions were dominated by ethnic Ukrainians, data was collected over broader areas, including areas that were already part of the Ukraine. I do not feel too strongly about the issue and I am certain that arguments can be made both ways using the divergent statistic that was compiled in the period mostly for political reasons. Nevertheless, it is only a matter of one sentence and as it is disputed I believe it would be best to ommit it. TSO1D 02:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is an interesting historical question and it deserves further explanation. I can readily believe there were Romanian compacts in the area. Also, what was the remaining 45%? mikka (t) 05:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Just check Bukovina and Chernivtsi Oblast articles. The history of ethnical composition of the regions comprise disproportinately much there but info was edit warred much and, since it stabilized, we can be more or less sure it's right. --Irpen 05:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know whether it will be possible to reconstruct the true demographic distribution during that period. The sources that I have consulted have greatly different statistics (however most of them were Romanian and there is of course a chance of bias). The census carried out by the Soviet government cannot fully be trusted due to the intense politization of the process. Modern sources also tend to be biased (the Ukrainian sources have a higher percentage for Ukrainians, the Romanian one for Romanians). I cannot say that I did extensive research on the subject, I only verified some sources so I suppose the Bukovina and Cernăuţi articles might have more accurate information.

Mikka's question is also interesting, I have no idea what the other 45 percent of the people might have been. My guess would be Russian and Jewish but what else I do not know.TSO1D 23:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Ukraine and Nuclear Weapons

 * I removed the piece below. It is poorly fitted to the article and I don;t think it has any place at all. Even Ukraine would be a better place. The history of UA article just deserves a mention in appropriate sections: mid-century to 70s-80s about nucleazing and 90s section for de-nucleazing. Whoever feels like, is welcome to use it for a separate Ukraine and Nuclear Weapons article. --Irpen 21:03, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

When Ukraine gained independence, it inherited a vast arsenal of former Soviet nuclear weapons. Russia and the US soon sought to denuclearize Ukraine. While some in the Ukraine Parliament wanted to keep the weapons for deterrence, most agreed eventually that it was infeasible for Ukraine to maintain the weapons.

Ukraine was alarmed because once it started shipping its nukes back to Russia, Russia started to act more belligerent. There were disputes about the border, the fate of the Black Sea Navy, among other things. The US entered in as a third-party mediator, its interests being to see Ukraine sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Eventually Ukraine agreed to denuclearize, sending their missiles to Russia in exchange for nuclear fuel rods. Ukraine also received security assurances (not guarantees) from the US and more aid. Ukraine's case was a very successful instance of denuclearization by a state eager to join the international community and make allies.

The number of Holodomor victims
Please note that Kulchytskyi's estimates are not generally agread by the scientific community. Even his co-author disagreed with him and obtained larger number of victims. Other estimates range to 7 millions and even to more than 10 millions.

I think saying "several millions" would reflect our present-day knowlege. More detals (with references to differen aouthors) could be given in the article Holodomor.--AndriyK 17:30, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * There are no scientific estimations based on the archives other than these that I am aware of. 7, 10 and 14 million numbers are not based on any kind of demographic research and are political and emotional. Kulchytsky is a leading authority on Holodomor in Ukraine. Read his articles linked in the Bottom of Holodomor where he also provides references on how those exaggerated numbers are obtained and how they harm Ukraine's calls to the community. Conquest, another leading authority, obtained 5 million and the archives were not available to him at the time. Another article you link isn't academic and just throws the arbitrary number out of nowhere. Until you site reliable statistical-based calculation by established scholars rather than political calls, the best number we have has to be used. The discussion on other numbers belongs to Holodomor, which I will expand. --Irpen 17:49, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Read, where Kulchytskyi admits that his co-author did not agree with his estimates, and they obtained another number which is published.
 * I do not think you are in position to judge about the scientific meritof the estimates.--AndriyK 17:53, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I read all articles by Kulchytsky. In fact, I expanded the other article based on that and will do more (got data lost unfortunately in a network mishap). His co-author refuses to take into account the migration balance. We can talk about two separate things, number of population Ukraine lost and number of people that died. The former may be taken directly from population decrease estimates and his co-author's opinion is valuable. We are talking of the number of the perished here, so we have to cite the only calculation that accounts for all the available data we have. --Irpen 18:00, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Kulchytskyi uses migration data in his estimates. Some scoolars (including Kulchytskyi's co-author) consider the migration data unreliable. This means that Kulchytsky's are unreliable and not recognized by his colleagues.--AndriyK 18:05, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

I suggest you read a cited earlier review about Kulchytsky before talking nonsense. Also, Kulchytsky admits that migration data lacks precision and therefore rounds his estimates from 3.2+ million to 3-3.5 million exactly to account for this lack of reliability. Please care to read the references before arguing. --Irpen 18:10, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Be sure, I read Kulchytskyi's articles an am avare about the way he estimated the number of victims. But as you see, some of his colleagues disagree even after he rounded his estimates. This is not our job here to judge who is right.--AndriyK 18:32, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * His colleagues don't cite any other numbers. You can say that "Without the migration balance it is 5 million". We are here to provide the best possible numbers available. However, we can add "estimates vary" remark. I will do that. The rest belongs to Holodomor. Please give me a couple of days to expand the topic there, if you can, before continuing for now. --Irpen 18:35, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The colleagues don't cite any other numbers because the relyable data do not exist. This is the reason for larger uncertainties that those provided by Kulchytskyi. Citing only Kulchytskyi's data is clearly a POV.--AndriyK 18:40, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Please cite other data that you have which is obtained in some kind of scientific way. I will need it for Holodomor expansion. If no other data is available, we used the only one we have. I added "estimates vary" disclaimer. --Irpen 18:50, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I have to repeat you once more: this is not the job of WP editors to decide wich data are more "scientific". Please do not try to do this. The references were given in my first message (see above).--AndriyK 19:01, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

No, there are objective criteria to tell the scholarly work from that of the publicist's or politician's or the politically motivated one. The authors of the former are known for their publications in the peer-reviewed scholarly publications and monographies in the field. If you know works of such authors with different numbers, please cite them instead of trying to exhaust your opponents in endless talk in circles. --Irpen 19:11, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

East-West dissimilarity in Ukraine
The article East-West dissimilarity in Ukraine never really got written, and is now redirected here. Here is the text, for future reference. —Michael Z. 2006-08-15 00:40 Z

 * The East-West dissimilarity in Ukraine is rooted in the nation's history and goes well into the medieval times. The issue is largely caused by the fact that, historically, Ukraine was surrounded by powerful neighbors which rivaled for the direct control or at least political domination of the territory. Among the neighboring states with such imperialistic ambitions towards Ukraine, Poland and Russia influenced Ukrainian history the most.

 * However, other powers at different times, such as Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Austrian Empire also played an important role, as well as the Crimean Khaganate and the Ottomans. At the same time, the Ukraine's own past statehood institutions (examples are the Cossack Hetmanate, Zaporozhian Host and Ukrainian People's Republic) were comparatively short-lived and their influence on the country's destiny could not rival that of the large regional powers located to the East or to the West of Ukraine.

 * ==External links==
 * * Aggressive Ignorance (Ukrayinska Pravda 2006 article criticising the election-driven ideas of formalizing the inter-region dissimilarities)

I request this above not to be pasted anywhere in the article please. I wrote this passage and it was suitable for an article on the specifics of the regional differences in UA. However, as several people did not like the article (or its title or its content, not sure) and the issue of the deletion (!) was raised twice over the several months of the article's existence, I gave up on that. I see no need for this stuff to be added to this History of UA or any other article in its current form especially because the particularly History of UA article is currently a mess so much worse of the histories of our neighbors (RU and PL) that I really feel ashamed. What this article needs is not an extra clutter in the form of pasting of a disconnected piece about a narrow issue but major work by committed editors that would structure it better, expand the current sections in the mainarticles, rewrite the former ones into the summaries of the latter for this one. There is also a problem of harmonizing this article with the history section of the Ukraine article as well as the appropriate material from other articles with historic info. Within days I plan to finish a more consistent history section of the Ukraine article but for the major work the History of UA article needs, a set of committed editors is required.

So, let's keep this stuff here at talk (since others found it not suitable for the article on its own) and start the History of UA project at some point, which is no less crucial than the Subdivisions project that gets so much work these days. --Irpen 01:21, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Nazi photos
We have an edit war over inclusion of two photos showing Ukrainians celebrating the Nazi rules. I think it is unfair and an undue weight to a point of view. At least 3.5mln Ukrainians were with the Red Army and Soviet Partisans, at least 250thousand with OUN, 20 thousand with SS Halicia+local police ~ <100K with Germans. I think the allegiances were divided accordingly. At any rate it was not a happy time for the majority: World War + Underground War + Foreign Occupation+Slave labor. Thus I think to have 2 photos out of 3 in the section showing Ukrainians happily embracing German rule is biased and not-neutral. Lets hear other opinions Alex Bakharev

Peak of Ukraine?
The page says "The Ukrainians reached their peak when extending rule to Wallachia/Bessarabia, until the shores of the Black Sea". Can someone show me a proof of this? I really, really don't believe this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.208.184.91 (talk • contribs) 14:16, 17 January 2007

Don't use Admin powers for something as pathetic and trivial as -ise vs, ize
WP has a policy regarding national varities of English, and that is not to chnage them without reason. Going around and changing them on a protected page is a waste of time and energy and an abuse of the power. Normally I'd revert such a change, but I can't because it's protected, and that's not fair. Kevlar67 04:15, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't jump to conclusions and dont overgeneralize. Learn to ask quetions before proceeding to accusations. Rgds, `'mikka 05:45, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Dubious
I'm not so sure that the statement in the introductory paragraph "[The territory of Ukraine] is also the site of the origins of the Proto-Indo-European language family." is clear enough that this is one accepted theory of several, see Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses for all the craziness involved in the subject. 76.106.103.106 (talk) 07:25, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I added the phrase a candidate site, and linked the article. Hope it looks okay now. —Michael Z. 2008-07-25 17:05 z

Merger
I agree with the merger, since much of the content in History of Ukrainian nationality already covered here. Anyone else agree? Ostap 19:29, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

 * As being the nominator of the merger, I would like to add that some of the information on History of Ukrainian nationality may not mandatoryily merged into this article. This article has a lot of forks, so some of the information can go into those main articles.  Also I want to point to History of Ukrainian nationality's history.  It was created as an assignment for a university level history class.  More information on History of Ukrainian nationality's talk page.174.3.117.120 (talk) 19:42, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I want to also point out this edit which shows Will Hanley moved Zmiyeborecz's page User:Zmiyeborecz/History of Ukranian nationality, to History of Ukranian nationality. On Will Hanley's user page, it is stated that he is part of the Department of History in the Florida State University system.  In the first two sections of his talk page, it seems that History of Ukranian nationality is just another one of his student's assignments.174.3.117.120 (talk) 20:32, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

 * There is no reason to merge this article into any other.
 * This is the history of the country of Ukraine. If anything the History of Ukrainian Nationality would be merged with this and others as that article is simply repeats of other forks
 * I am removing the merge tag as it is very old and, in my opinion, uncalled for
 * Chaosdruid (talk) 10:11, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

 * History of Ukrainian Nationality is a bad article; I've mentioned above that History of Ukrainian Nationality was an essay assignment. It IS a content fork.
 * The merge tag is to notify editors that there a is a proposal to merge the articles. In any case, you've removed the tag on this article, but not the other one.  I feel that information from History of Ukrainian Nationality should be moved into this article because this article deals with history of ukraine, and that article should deal with the political identity of Ukraine.  There is consensus that the articles should be merged.  I am putting the tag back up.Hyperpiper (talk) 22:26, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

I know what a merge tag is for :¬) Also consensus was not found for the move. More importantly it would be against Wikipedia policy to merge forks into the article WP:FORK and consensus cannot go against policy without a change in policy.

That merge tag was old and should not really have been applied. You are free to move any material to any other but must remember that anything that is inacurate or incorrect should be removed first and refs should be found to support the statements. I suggest you do that in your sandbox.

Secondly, as other editors have pointed out, this article is the history of Ukraine and as such has many sections which have links to "Main" articles and this article only has summaries of those main articles. The material should be merged with those particular articles, not here.

You can do this by using the more appropriate section merge tags in each of the sections and linking them to the other articles. For example:-
 * History_of_Ukrainian_nationality merges to Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
 * History_of_Ukrainian_nationality merges to Cossacks

There are also other problems with the factual accuracy and possible POV

 * Massive sections without references
 * Apparent errors in facts
 * Bad prose and grammar with chronology (in Ukraine instead of in Ukraine at that time)

There are other points as well but for this reason I am once again removing the merge tag. You need to put the tags ontto the correct articles and not really this one. THat is why I left the merge tag there, it needs amending to point to the right places. Chaosdruid (talk) 23:18, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

(transcluded form HyperPiper talk page) As it stands now this article is causing more problems than it is solving. The article should be moved out of mainspace or renamed so that the disambiguation page can have its correct title.

The page History of ukrainian nationality should be History of Ukrainian nationality but the article we are discussing on the Talk:History of Ukraine page is there and so the db page cannot be correctly named. The history of Ukrainian Nationality refers to the social aspect of the coutries population and their national identity rather than the history of the country per se. That is why the page re-directs to Ukrainians. Chaosdruid (talk) 23:43, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Slobodan
I am trying to research the Family surname Slobodan. From what I have found, it was dirived from the word Sloboda which ment freedom or Peace. I know that the name Slobodan is a very comon firts name but from what I read and understand from speaking to people in the so called "Old Country" the name Slobodan is rare as a last name. My family came over from Galicia, Austria in 1909 and setteled in Canada. Can someone please more information on the last name Slobodan and where it may have originated. Thanks, Terrill Slobodan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.198.159.52 (talk) 14:17, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

"vandalism"?
So there was an edit summary calling "vandalism". I am not sure if you perhaps like the Vandals and this was a compliment, but on Wikipedia, the term has a specific meaning. The edit in question basically removed some non-free maps (which also did not work as thumbnail), replacing them with better and free maps, and replaced "Poland and Lithuania" (i.e. links to the modern states in a 14th century context) with "Poland and Lithuania" since there is no way this can be described as "vandalism" in any meaningful sense, I do not know how to reply to this, and do also not think it necessary.

If there is any valid point you would like to make, please calm down and explain what it is. As long as you just keep saying "vandalism" in the obvious absense of vandalism, I am afraid the problem is on your end. --dab (𒁳) 16:00, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

pan German view of history
" n the 3rd century AD, the Goths arrived in the lands of Ukraine around 250–375 AD, which they called Oium, corresponding to the archaeological Chernyakhov culture.[8] The Ostrogoths stayed in the area but came under the sway of the Huns from the 370s. North of the Ostrogothic kingdom was the Kiev culture, flourishing from the 2nd–5th centuries, when it was overrun by the Huns. After they helped defeat the Huns at the battle of Nedao in 454, the Ostrogoths were allowed to settle in Pannonia. "

?! ?! ?!

so where did the slavs came from - from the moon? And where did the "Oiums" aka "germans" went? Did they went without a fight?

Is this a fairy tale? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.198.78.234 (talk) 08:05, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Instead of spreading Ukrainian nazi parols, simply look up these word in wikipedia - if you are able to read. BTW, both Germanic speaking and Balto-Slavic speaking people originate from Indo-European speaking people, probably via a common intermediate ancestor people for millennia of common existance.2A02:8108:9640:AC3:99C1:4837:7C52:EC0C (talk) 14:17, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

"As a result Yanukovych's pro-Russia party had regained power after five years and the Orange Revolution of 2004 was halted, at least temporarily"
Removed above sentence from the article since it seems a bit POV-y and belongs more in a newspaper editorial then in Wikipedia. First of all Party of Regions might be pro-Russian language and culture but there atitute towards the Russian state seems not that different to me then Yulia Tymoshenko's BYuT; and whats with this "Orange Revolution of 2004 was halted, at least temporarily". In my point of view the Orange Revolution ended when Viktor Yushchenko was sworn in President or when he sacked Tymoshenko as Prime Minister on September 8, 2005... Something that has stoped in 2005 can not be halted since it is already stoped... Lastly the Alliance of National Unity was in between the Orange Revolution and Yanukovych's Presidency. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  01:21, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

"Stalin's goals"
The inclusion of the Stalin quote in this edit is problematic in several respects. Most importantly, it just plucks that quote out of context and presents without commentary and at face value. This might seem shocking to some, but politicians (including Stalin) don't always say what they think and reveal their true motivations readily. It's the job of the historian, or any responsible person writing about the subject for that matter, to consider the context.

And in fact, that's just what the Roberts source does. Roberts comments on the quote that "These statements...require some comments". Then describes the context in which they were made. And then sums them up by saying "Stalin's immediate purpose was to present an ideological rationale for the Red Army's forthcoming invasion of Poland".  Volunteer Marek  01:05, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
 * well not quite. Volunteer Marek uses a selective quote to omit the main points Roberts was making. Roberts notes that the comments marked a change from the previous "popular front" policy of Communist Party cooperation with other parties. Roberts says Stalin's "main message" here  was the need to avoid a revolutionary civil war. Rjensen (talk) 01:17, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

Inappropriate wording in Introduction
" the 2004 Orange Revolution prevented pro-Moscow Viktor Yanukovych from stealing an election" is not encyclopaedic wording; plus: 10 years old day-to-day politics do not belong into an Introduction. This paragraph for deletion.

Nuremberg - Ángel.García 131.188.3.21 (talk) 16:16, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes. There Politics of Ukraine article is a better place for such matters. Nobody has disagreed with you, and I shall delete it tomorrow if there is still no objection. Also, the introduction is short, and it has an unexplained "update" flag. Jim.henderson (talk) 15:22, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

Instead, I have swapped the two. Now this article has the longer intro, and the Ukraine article has the shorter. Probably I have moved too much material into this one, or perhaps other editors will find other problems. Jim.henderson (talk) 15:49, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Collectivization section is non-neutral and inaccurate
The collectivization section was obviously written or edited by someone who supports the Ukrainian Nationalist historical argument. Claiming that "[n]on-Soviets maintain that the famine was an avoidable, deliberate act of genocide" is ridiculously inaccurate and misleading. Only 13 countries out of nearly 200 UN member nations agree with that position, and they are almost exclusively NATO members and/or close allies of the United States. The descriptor "non-Soviets" doesn't make any sense at all in 2014, since the Soviet Union has not existed for over two decades, but if it means anything then it suggests agreement among the countries of the world that were not part of the Soviet Union. That is, to put it bluntly, a lie, and one that serves to further the obvious political bent of this section.

The only sources cited in this entire section are a BBC article citing unnamed historians who believe that the death toll might have been "possibly up to" 10 million, and a 40 page Encyclopaedia Britannica article about Ukraine to support the statement about Stalin's purges of the KPU and intelligentsia. It makes reference to "the most recent demographic studies" without bothering to cite them or even identify the source.

This is a historical subject that has been thoroughly distorted by Cold War era propaganda in general, but surely Wikipedia can do better than this.

205.178.27.71 (talk) 23:06, 18 March 2014 (UTC)

Galicia
Um, the name Galicia was invented in the late 18th c. It is not proper to speak of Galicia before then. The older name was Ruthenia, no? See Larry Wolff, "The Idea of Galicia: History and fantasy in Habsburg political culture," 504 pp. Stanford University Press, 2011.

Galicia was an invented name bestowed on the region by 18th c. Austro-Hungarian scholars after the fall of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth, based on the somewhat fanciful notion that in remote antiquity it had been the original homeland of the Gaulish tribes who later settled in France, Italy, Britain and Spain. (Note, during the time of the Roman Empire Gothic barbarians referred to all Romanized (i.e., Latin speaking) peoples as "Gauls"). During the 18th c. Austro-Hungary embarked on a "civilizing mission" for the region and succeeded to a considerable extent in forging a regional identity out of its heterogeneous population, which included Poles, Jews, Russians and others. Nevertheless, it is a mistake to project this collective identity backward into earlier times. 173.77.75.164 (talk) 15:51, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * ✔ Confirmed as correct. Thanks, . --Iryna Harpy (talk) 05:00, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:19, 15 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Gubernias de Ucrania - ENG.png

Sibirian Ice Lake
"Around 10,000 years ago the world's longest river[22] emptied glacier melted water through the Don and the Black Sea. From springs in Gobi it flowed along the Yenisei, which was then dammed by northern glaciers. Through the West Siberian Glacial Lake flowed about 10,000 km;[23] It was longer than any river known today.[24]" - This obviously is completely misunderstood, because the source speaks of 90,000 (!) years ago. The source is now (2021-10) available via http://people.geo.su.se/martin/PDF/Mangerud_etal_2004_QSR_QUEEN_issue.pdf2A02:8108:9640:AC3:99C1:4837:7C52:EC0C.HJHolm (talk) 14:31, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

Clumsily Worded Sentence
I made a small edit, adding the link to Deep and Comprehensive Free trade Area under the acronym DCFA, as I thought this would not be controversial, but I am a casual wikipedia user doing research and not an editor. With that understood, this sentence is one I have read several times and still cannot fully grok. I know it is likely not possible to track down the editor that made this edit, I am merely bringing this to your attention in the hopes that someone has enough contextual knowledge and history with this page to understand what this is saying : Needing difficult tasks does not sound like an achievement in the foreign policy arena. My best guess is, I believe this would then end with a "which" tag in either case, as the domestic achievements were not specified. However I am very uncertain about my guess, and as I am doing research on the political situation and mainly stopped here for context and primary sources, I am fairly certain I should not be the person making this edit, if indeed an edit should be made. Cheers! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.58.59.126 (talk) 09:17, 30 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Significant achievements in the foreign policy arena: support for anti-Russian sanctions, obtaining a visa-free regime with the countries of the European Union, combined with the need to overcome extremely difficult tasks within the country
 * Steps forward to diplomacy with the west were made during this period, with anti-Russian sanctions and the ability to travel visa free within the European Union. Domestically, several challenges left over from the recent economic strife and political division were overcome as well

EU membership application
The following passage is no longer correct:

As of 2021, Ukraine is preparing to formally apply for EU membership in 2024, in order to join the European Union in the 2030s.[94]

I propose the following revision:

On February 28th, 2022, Ukraine formally submitted its application for membership in the European Union. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nadocollin (talk • contribs) 23:18, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

Needs more mention of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
The page definitely needs more mention of the 2022 invasion. In fact, the invasion is only referenced once (not including citations) Nonexistent User (talk) 00:43, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Why is there no mention of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and how he was elected as President of Ukraine? 2601:983:4702:7820:30E5:71CD:FD6E:EC91 (talk) 23:31, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Simple information
comprising local rulers, gentry, and even the Lithuanian Crown itself (see Algirdas and Dmytro Dedko). During this time, Ukraine and Ukrainians saw relative prosperity and autonomy, with the Duchy functioning more like a joint Lithuanian-Ukrainian state, with freedom to practice Orthodox Christianity, speak Ukrainian (especially demonstrated by the significantly low linguistic overlap between the Ukrainian and Lithuanian languages), and continue to engage in Ukrainian culture practices,

In 1490, due to increased oppression of Ukrainians at the hands of the Polish, a series of successful rebellions was led by Ukrainian hero Petro Mukha, joined by other Ukrainians, such as early Cossacks and Hutsuls, in addition to Moldavians (Romanians). Known as Mukha's Rebellion, this series of battles was supported by the Moldavian prince Stephen the Great, and it is one of the earliest known uprisings of Ukrainians against Polish oppression. These

The 1648 Ukrainian Cossack (Kozak) rebellion or Khmelnytsky Uprising, which started an era known as the Ruin (in Polish history as The Deluge), undermined the foundations and stability of the Commonwealth.

While right-bank Ukraine belonged to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until late 1793, left-bank Ukraine had been incorporated into Tsardom of Russia in 1667 (under the Treaty of Andrusovo). In 1672, Podolia was occupied by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, while Kyiv and Braclav came under the control of Hetman Petro Doroshenko until 1681, when they were also captured by the Turks, but in 1699 the Treaty of Karlowitz returned those lands to the Commonwealth. 2A04:4A43:476F:EA14:7514:3C2C:472C:59F1 (talk) 22:18, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 October 2022
Navi86 (talk) 17:29, 4 October 2022 (UTC) Could you explain me what connection of Kiev russia to Ukraine ? Do you know that capital of russia was moved from Kiev to Moscow ? So it means Kiev Russia was never connected to Ukraine, pls remove this nonsense.
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 18:08, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

"1930 in Ukraine" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect 1930 in Ukraine and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Randi Moth (talk) 11:28, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:08, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Location of Cossack Hetmanate.png

Semi-protected edit request on 20 February 2023
The last sentence in the section Russo-Ukrainian War, is not correct. "Russia officially annexed the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, along with most of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts on 30 September.[103]"

The article in reference does not say "Russia officially" anywhere in the article and the annexation is considered illegal by the United States of America and other western countries outside of Russia. This is a pro Russian stance.

Proposal: 1) Change the first part of the sentence to read: "Russia illegally" "Russia illegally annexed the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, along with most of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts on 30 September.[103]"

2) Remove "officially" from the sentence. "Russia annexed the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, along with most of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts on 30 September.[103]" Politij123 (talk) 00:24, 20 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Lightoil (talk) 00:22, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

Kyi
Shouldn’t it mention the traditional founding of Kyiv by Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv? MaxwellWinnie102 (talk) 12:39, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

20th Century is a Mess
The 20th Century section on this article is not great. The "Russian Revolution and War of Independence" topic consists of a short blurb on chaos in the country before jumping to 2 historians' accounts, and then jumping to the Holodomor. At no point does the section even MENTION that Ukraine joins the USSR in 1922. This needs attention stat, pretty big oversight. I've added a brief sentence but we need some elaboration. SSR07 (talk) 19:21, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Ukraine


text:
Robert Carpenter

Robert Carpenter may refer to:

Politicians

 * Robert C. Carpenter (1924–2011), politician from North Carolina
 * Robert Carpenter (American politician) (1909–1979), member of the Ohio House of Representatives
 * Robert Carpenter (MP) (died 1607), MP for Rye

Sports

 * Robert Carpenter (cricketer) (1830–1901), English cricketer
 * Rob Carpenter (running back) (born 1955), American football running back
 * Rob Carpenter (wide receiver) (born 1968), American football wide receiver

Others

 * R. R. M. Carpenter (Robert Ruliph Morgan Carpenter, Sr., 1877–1949), American executive and member of the board of directors of DuPont
 * R. R. M. Carpenter Jr. (Robert Ruliph Morgan Carpenter, Jr., 1915–1990), his son, owner of the Philadelphia Phillies
 * Ruly Carpenter (Robert Ruliph Morgan Carpenter III, born 1940), son of Robert Jr. and grandson of Robert Sr., owner and team president of the Phillies
 * Robert Holt Carpenter (1820–1891), New Zealand bookbinder, politician, bookseller and character

title: Robert Carpenter


text:
Tornado, West Virginia

Tornado, also called Upper Falls, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States.

Four agencies of the United States government determine the official name of the community. The United States Postal Service established the Upper Falls of Coal Post Office in 1851, then replaced it with the Tornado Post Office in 1881 and today delivers mail within ZIP Code 25202 addressed to either Tornado or Upper Falls. The United States Board on Geographic Names authenticated the name of the community as Tornado in 1980, changed it to Upper Falls in 2010 and back to Tornado in 2013. After approving the replacement of the Tornado CDP with the much larger Upper Falls CDP in 2010, the Kanawha County Commission decided in 2013 that residents of the community supported the name Tornado over Upper Falls and requested that the name be changed back. The United States Census Bureau originated the Tornado CDP in 1990, changed to the Upper Falls CDP in 2010 and then to the Tornado CDP for 2020. The United States National Geodetic Survey maintains a bench mark in the community named Upper Falls, which has never changed.

The 2000 Tornado CDP had a population of 1,111 and a total area of 3.60 sqmi. The 2010 Upper Falls CDP, which was much larger, had a population of 3,701 and a total area of 17.18 sqmi, making it the largest CDP in West Virginia by area. The 2020 Tornado CDP is again much smaller, with a population of 1,081 and a total area of 3.67 sqmi.

The adjacent Coal River gives the community its historical name from the cascading waters of its Upper Falls.

Geography
Tornado is located at 38.34278°N, -81.84417°W (38.342778, −81.844167).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.51 sqkm, of which 9.29 sqkm are land and 0.23 sqkm, or 2.37%, is water.

The United States Geological Survey locates the community's namesake Upper Falls of Coal River at 38.3425°N, -81.84139°W (38.342594, −81.841518).

The United States National Geodetic Survey bench mark in the community is at 38.33972°N, -81.83889°W (38.339722, −81.838889).

Demographics
The current Tornado CDP is much smaller than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010, with a total population of 1,081, a total area of 3.67 sqmi, median household income of $67,564, 18.7% of residents attaining a bachelor's degree or higher, an employment rate of 55.9%, 446 total households, 441 total housing units and 4.2% without health care coverage.

2010 census
In 2010, the CDP was named Upper Falls and was much larger than the current CDP.

As of the census of 2010, there were 3,701 people, 1,458 households, and 1,072 families residing in the community. The Upper Falls CDP, which spanned 17.18 sqmi, constituted the largest CDP in West Virginia by area. The population density was 218.6 people per square mile (84.4/km2). There were 1,549 housing units at an average density of 91.7/sq mi (35.3/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 96.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Natives, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 1,458 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54, and the average family size was 2.93.

The community's age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 15, 10.2% from 15 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

2000 census
In 2000, the CDP was named Tornado and covered a much smaller area than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010.

For the census of 2000, there were 1,111 people, 419 households, and 330 families residing in the CDP, which had a total area of 3.60 sqmi and a population density of 309.0 people per square mile (119.2/km2). There were 437 housing units at an average density of 121.6/sq mi (46.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.21% White, 0.36% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 419 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.01.

In Tornado the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $50,350. Males had a median income of $31,932 versus $25,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,999. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

History
The Upper Falls of the Coal River was discovered in 1742 by John Peter Salling during an expedition along the Coal River. Salling and four companions each received a governor's commission from the state of Virginia to explore the territory east of the Mississippi River, in return for 10000 acre land grants. It was this group that also discovered coal along the banks of the Coal River.

It was not until after the Revolutionary War that European settlers began moving into the area. Even then, the few who survived the attacks of the native peoples usually fled to safer destinations. But by around 1800, a gristmill was established by Joseph Thomas at the Upper Falls which continued in operation until the 1930s.

Beginning about 1830, timber harvested from the region was floated on the Coal River to Saint Albans. At the same time, great quantities of marketable cannel coal were found on the upper Coal River. However, only at periods of high water could logs and shallow wooden boats loaded with coal be drifted over the Upper Falls and Lower Falls and on down the river.

A system of wooden-crib locks and dams designed to make Coal River navigable was constructed in the 1850s to transport cannel coal, bituminous coal, coal oil and timber to market. This began the era of two-way commercial steamboat traffic on the river. The Upper Falls was the site of Upper Falls Lock and Dam, and Edward Kenna, who also developed a sawmill at the Upper Falls around 1850, was lockmaster; his son, John Edward Kenna, later served as U.S. senator from West Virginia. Damage caused by ongoing flooding and the outbreak of the Civil War suspended steam tug navigation of Coal River. Traffic resumed after the war, but ended permanently in 1881.

From 1858, at least ten failed attempts were made to build a rail line up the Coal River. Finally, under the direction of General Cornelius Clarkson Watts, a Confederate veteran, construction of the Coal River and Western Railway began in 1902 and was completed in 1904. The lasting economic boom brought by the railroad to the region saw the bustling Upper Falls Station offer daily service for both passengers and freight. Timber extraction largely ended in the 1920s, but the rail line, now owned by CSX Transportation, still transports massive amounts of bituminous coal to global markets.

There was a rapid influx of people to the area during and soon after World War II, and many came to live in Tornado. They found employment in the defense and chemical manufacturing industries in the Kanawha Valley and benefited from economic prosperity as a result. Today, the community is a residential suburb and recreation destination of the Charleston metropolitan area.

Post offices
The Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, the first to serve the area, was established in 1851. During Reconstruction, it was replaced by a post office named Tornado in 1881.

Today, residents who receive mail at ZIP Code 25177 use the city name St. Albans, while those at ZIP Code 25202 use either Tornado or Upper Falls, with both names in general use.

Other names
Since the earliest European settlers moved into the region in the 1700s, the community was also known as Upper Falls of Coal River.

Andrews Heights is an area named for landowner R. Carl Andrews, who served as mayor of Charleston from 1947 to 1950 and was a Democratic candidate for governor of West Virginia in 1940. Andrews Heights Elementary School is named for Mayor Andrews.

Big Bend is an area of the community that is circumscribed by the Big Bend of Coal River and gives Big Bend Golf Course its name.

Transportation
During its history, transportation infrastructure serving the community has included highway, rail and river transport.

Highway
The primary means of transportation throughout the CDP today is by secondary highways.

2020 census
The 2020 Tornado CDP is much smaller than the 2010 Upper Falls CDP.

In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersects the northern boundary of Tornado at Browns Creek and (CH 9/1) crosses the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) also intersects the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line.

2010 census
The 2010 Upper Falls CDP was much larger than the 2020 Tornado CDP.

In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersected the northern boundary of Upper Falls at Tear Drop Lane (private). Dogwood Road (CH 6/6) crossed the northern border at the Armstrong Tunnel. Smith Creek Road (CH 9) demarcated the CDP to the east at Dry Ridge Road (CH 8). Coal River Road (CH 9/1) crossed the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) intersected the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line, as well. Woods Drive (CH 1/3) crossed to the west at the Putnam County line. Finally, Browns Creek Road (CH 1) delimited the CDP at the intersection of Bryants Branch Road (CH 3/3) to the north.

Rail
The Coal River subdivision, a CSX Transportation main line, runs essentially parallel to the river on its east side and is used primarily to transport coal from the Southern West Virginia coalfields to global markets. There was once a railroad station in the community named "Upper Falls Station."

River
The Coal River is still designated by the federal government as a navigable waterway, though the 19th century system of locks and dams that made commercial transportation possible no longer exists.

Education
Educational opportunities:

 * Andrews Heights Elementary School, 7776 Coal River Road
 * Humphreys After School Program, 7799 Coal River Road

Recreation
Recreational possibilities:

 * Big Bend Golf Course, 151 Riverview Drive
 * Coal River
 * Meadowood Park, 292 Pettigrew Lane
 * Mountaineer Radio Control Flying Club, 8004 Smith Creek Road
 * Walhonde Trail

Religion
Community churches:

 * Browns Creek Church of God, 2550 Browns Creek Road
 * Humphreys Memorial United Methodist Church, 7799 Coal River Road
 * New Hope Baptist Church, 9414 Coal River Road
 * Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, 7398 Smith Creek Road
 * Riverview Freewill Baptist Church, 10603 Coal River Road
 * Tornado Apostolic Church, 1100 Gore Addition Road

title: Tornado, West Virginia


text:
David Hoyle (performance artist)

David Hoyle (born 19 September 1962) is an English performance artist, avant-garde cabaret artist, singer, actor, comedian and film director. His performances are known to combine many disparate elements, from satirical comedy to painting, surrealism and even striptease, much of which is aggressive in nature. Himself homosexual, Hoyle's work has often focused on themes in the LGBTQ community, attacking what he sees as dominant trends in "bourgeois Britain and the materialistic-hedonistic gay scene". According to The Guardian his performances have led him to become "something of a legend" on the London cabaret circuit.

Born into a lower-middle-class background in Layton, Blackpool, Lancashire, Hoyle was heavily bullied for his homosexuality as a child, leading to a mental breakdown aged fourteen. He began performing at a local working men's club before moving to London and then Manchester. It was here that he began performing at gay clubs in the city in the early 1990s, eventually developing the character known as The Divine David, an "anti-drag queen" who combined "lacerating social commentary" with "breathtaking instances of self-recrimination and even self-harm." Eventually taking his character to television, he appeared on the BBC's Comedy Nation (1998) and produced two shows for Channel 4, The Divine David Presents (1998) and then The Divine David Heals (2000). That year, he decided to bring an end to The Divine David character, performing a farewell show at Streatham Ice Arena entitled The Divine David on Ice.

Retreating from his public appearances, Hoyle returned to his home in Manchester where he suffered from a mental breakdown that lasted several years. In 2005 he returned to television, appearing as the character Doug Rocket on Channel 4 sitcom Nathan Barley, and the next year he returned to the stage, performing as himself in a show entitled David Hoyle's SOS. Over the next few years he continued with a string of shows, most of which were held at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern in London, and which included Magazine (2007), Dave's Drop-In (2009), Licking Wounds (2010) and Lives (2011). In 2010 he also released his own feature film, Uncle David, in which he both directed and starred.

Early life: 1963–1989
Hoyle found it difficult growing up as a homosexual in Blackpool, later telling a reporter from The Times that people found out about his sexuality whilst at secondary school. He was subsequently bullied, and felt that going to school was "like walking to your death on a daily basis. Knowing that you were going to get assaulted, knowing that you didn't have anybody to talk to." Although the teachers knew of the bullying that he faced, they did nothing to stop it, believing that "by subjecting me to violence it would make me heterosexual." The stress led him to suffer a mental breakdown when he was fourteen, although the doctors who treated him "pathologised my natural behaviour and tried to give me tablets for it", something which he thought caused him even greater suffering.

Hoyle's family were Anglican, and he sang in the local church choir, however he had a problem with those Christians who were "very quick to seize on the Bible to condemn you". His parents recognised his sexuality, but had difficulty accepting it, although Hoyle has remarked that they did so out of "kindness and concern" for how he would develop as an adult. Hoyle gained some relief from the persecution he faced however by visiting the comedians and performers that used to appear at Blackpool every summer, such as Ken Dodd and Dorothy Squires, and he particularly adored the circus, later relating that "I thought its performers were the most glamorous people. Beyond beautiful."

It was when he was seventeen that he first went out on to the gay scene, but was put off when the first thing that anyone said to him was "you're not fuckable." It was around the same time that he began performing in the Belle Vue, a pub in Blackpool, where he did comedy routines whilst in the character of Paul Munnery-Vain (the name being a pun on pulmonary vein), the illegitimate offspring of the Duke of Edinburgh and Dorothy Squires. He found that many of the punters enjoyed his performances, although was unnerved that some of them made sexual advances toward him.

Aged twenty-one, he then left Blackpool and moved south to London, where he began to actively socialise in the city's gay scene. Here he temporarily gained a job playing the role of hunchbacked butler Riff-Raff in a stage production of The Rocky Horror Show, although was forced to quit when his alcohol and illegal drug intake got out of control. He would later comment that in London during these years he had "a lovely time. It was like going out for a night and it carried on for three years." However, it was during the 1980s that the HIV/AIDS epidemic hit the gay population and with little education or medical treatments, several of his friends' contracted and died of the virus; "people started to drop like flies. In our early twenties, we were losing our friends similarly to people of pension age." Partly because of the epidemic, Hoyle decided to leave London, moving back up north and settling down in Manchester.

The Divine David: 1990–2000
David Hoyle first came to prominence through the clubbing scene around Manchester's Gay Village in the early 1990s, when club nights introduced performance elements to add to their experience. Hoyle was the host and compere at Manchester's Paradise Factory nightclub, and was also involved in the early days of the superclub Manumission, when it started as a club night in Manchester. He came to the notice of a London audience via his weekly performances at Duckie, from 1995 onwards. Soon after, Louise Gray published the first national press interview with Hoyle ('David versus Goliath', 29 November 1996). He also performed at the Queer Up North festival and the Leeds conceptual art club 'Freakshow'. Hoyle began appearing as a character whom he called 'The Divine David', which would later be described by reporter Ben Walters as "a sort of anti-drag act caustically lamenting the narcissism of the gay mainstream... through song, dance, painting and whatever else took his fancy." Other elements of his performance included pole dancing, mural painting and even striptease. Meanwhile, Hoyle had begun indulging in large quantities of alcohol and illegal drugs, leading to a "lot of near-death experiences".

Aside from his performances as the Divine David, Hoyle also acted in various other roles; in 1998, he appeared prominently in the music video for Faith No More's cover of "I Started a Joke", whilst that same year, he also appeared as a cameo in Todd Haynes's film Velvet Goldmine playing Freddi, a member of Brian Slade's entourage.

Hoyle appeared regularly as The Divine David in the BBC's sketch show Comedy Nation (1998) and achieved national prominence with his 1998 arts TV show The Divine David Presents on Channel 4, also under his stage persona. This was followed a year later by the series The Divine David Heals.

In 2000, Hoyle publicly killed off the Divine David in a show entitled The Divine David on Ice which was held at Streatham Ice Rink in London; at the end of the show, the character died to the soundtrack David Bowie's "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide". Commenting on the reason for killing off The Divine David, Hoyle would relate that:

 * In a way the Divine David became the patron saint of decadence and nihilism and all the rest of it, and it's hard for that not to affect your own actions... As much as I used to say, "Oh yes, you have to be very sure of your identity to be doing all this business," I don't think I actually was. If you're used to creating aliases and camouflage and all that sort of palaver, eventually you have to peel it all away and work out who you are.

Temporarily abandoning his career and retreating to his Manchester home, he spent several years in a period of reflection, later relating that he spent much of this time simply staring at his wallpaper, "just rocking to and fro, you know, the days merging, the seasons coming and going." Suffering a nervous breakdown, Hoyle gained most of his satisfaction from helping out his neighbours at their local housing association-backed communal garden, finding that being amongst plants aided his mental recovery.

Nathan Barley and a return to the stage: 2005–2008
Emerging from five years as a recluse, in 2005 Hoyle appeared in the Channel 4 sitcom Nathan Barley, written by television satirists and comedians Charlie Brooker and Chris Morris. In Nathan Barley, which only ran for one series, Hoyle played an ageing popstar named Doug Rocket, a founding member of a band named The Veryphonics (thereby being a parody of David A. Stewart, the founding member of 1980s synthpop band Eurythmics).

In 2006 he finally returned to the stage, taking part in the It's Queer Up North festival, during which he constructed a garden inside Manchester's Contact Theatre. His garden project was a success, with the run having to be extended to meet demand. In June of that year he also appeared in a one-off informal show at Bush Hall, London, entitled When David met Justin and during which he chatted and shared music with transgender American cabaret performer Justin Bond.

He subsequently met theatre director Sarah Frankcom, who helped him to produce a show known as David Hoyle's SOS, which toured the UK in 2006. Considering it to be his most autobiographical show to date, Hoyle told a reporter that it was inspired by his childhood growing up in Blackpool, commenting that "you've got all that showbusiness seaside stuff going on" in it.

In 2007, Hoyle launched a new ten-part show at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern in London, produced by fellow avant-garde performer Duckie, entitled Magazine. Each week, Hoyle would deal with a different subject, examining such topics as immigration, crime and punishment, dogging, HIV/AIDS, women's issues and alcoholism. In doing so he hoped that he could get his audience thinking about intellectual topics, stating that "All I can provide with Magazine is a microcosm of a macrocosm... But at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern the truth will be revealed and it will be a shared experience and there will be a mass lifting of consciousness. That's all I can say." For the performance dealing with HIV/AIDS, Hoyle screened a short film of his own HIV test that was taken earlier that day, the first which he had had in twenty years. The result came out negative, but as reporter Lyn Gardner remarked, "had it been positive, I am certain he would still have shown us the clip." That same year, Hoyle also worked with the experimental theatre troupe Victoria.

Continuing stage work and the Avant Garde Alliance: 2009
In 2009, Hoyle also opened a new show named Dave's Drop-in Centre at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern in London. Describing the show to a reporter, he commented that it was "loosely inspired by a psychiatric daycare centre, and all the activities that go on, from occupational therapy to hobbies to empowerment, group catharsis." Spread over a series of six Thursday nights, in each show Hoyle collaborated with a different performer to explore a variety of topics; for instance with burlesque comedian Fancy Chance he dealt with nationalism and immigration whilst with Dickie Beau he looked into the theme of childhood.

In October–November 2009, Hoyle presented a piece of performance art at London's Chelsea Theatre as a part of their SACRED season. Entitled Theatre of Therapy and directed by Nathan Evans, it involved Hoyle interviewing audience members whilst sitting on a couch that once belonged to pioneering psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) when the latter had lived in Hampstead, North London. Describing the use of such an artefact, Hoyle told a journalist that "The couch will be electrically charged with the vibration of Freud's voice. I plan to have a relationship with it."

In 2009, Hoyle publicly proclaimed that he was intending to stand for election as a member of parliament in the Vauxhall constituency in south London. Standing as a representative of the Avant-Garde Alliance Party, he proclaimed that, should he come into power, he would advocate killing local priests and other authority figures to bring about "a new way, a new way of being, a new way of living, a new way of responding. No longer are we going to look to others to tell us how to be." These "pseudo-faux-adult parental figures", Hoyle claimed, "have had a jolly good run for their money and it's now time for them to fuck off". He further went on to advocate polygamy and encouraged more sex (including "inter-species love [and] inter-generational sex"), believing that it would cut crime rates. Furthermore, he argued for an overhaul of the workplace system, encouraging people to adopt a "spiritual dimension" to their jobs, and called for the abolition of the arms trade, with weapons factories being converted into social housing.

Uncle David and further stage work: 2010–present
In 2010, Hoyle premiered his first feature film, Uncle David, which he had both directed and starred in, at the London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival. Set in and around a caravan park in the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, Uncle David featured Hoyle in the title role as a man living with his adolescent nephew (played by Ashley Ryder, a "boyish porn actor" who had collaborated with Hoyle in some of his stage shows). The film explored the relationship between the two characters, with the action unfolding over a couple of days, with one reviewer writing that "Suspense and dread accumulate as the low-key naturalism and the characters' obvious affection for one another play-off against the enormity of what looms ahead." In November of that year, Hoyle and Ryder were awarded a shared Best Actor Award for their roles in the film at Chéries-Chéris, Paris Gay, Lesbian, Trans, Film Festival. Meanwhile, in December of that year he filmed a special Christmas message for the socially liberal newspaper The Guardian. In the run up the 2010 United Kingdom general election Hoyle announced his support for fellow queer-identified figure David Joseph Henry running against Hazel Blears in Salford and Eccles (UK Parliament constituency) by hosting the "Hazel Must Go" campaign's Launch Party standing for the Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition.

In August 2011, Hoyle produced his first musical show, Unplugged, at London's Soho Theatre, during which he sang a medley of songs, some of which were covers and others which were his own creation. Directed by regular Hoyle collaborator Nathan Evans, the music was directed by Michael Roulston, and included a series of songs that had a "personal connection" to him; covers of Nine Inch Nails's "Hurt", New Order's "True Faith", Joseph McCarthy's "You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)", Stephen Sondheim's "Losing My Mind" and Tony Christie's "How Can I Entertain?", as well as a new song, "A Return to Trauma". Journalist Paul Vale of The Stage noted that it was "something of a departure" from Hoyle's earlier work, and that he was "almost sanitised" in his behaviour, providing "a healthy dialogue with his audience", discussing his "progressive views on education and a tongue-in-cheek dissection of avant-garde performance art, but mostly the chit-chat is either friendly or amiably abusive." Whilst noting that "Hoyle's anecdotes and wit were in full flow from the start", the reporter Jamie Fisher of the Pink Paper was more critical, noting that many would be "put off by his reliance on lavatorial humour and random avant-garde style", believing that he was destined to appeal "to a cult audience only".

In December 2012 Hoyle returned to the Soho Theatre with a stage show collection of songs written with Richard Thomas, covering a variety of topics raging from 'Gays in the Military' to the scandals of the BBC over the ages. Merrie Hell covers the dark side of the Christmas holidays set against melodies disjointed from the reality of subject covered within the show, with Thomas, who scored Jerry Springer: The Opera, helping bring levity alongside reflection and filthy humour.

Personal life
A fierce and vocal supporter of LGBTQ rights, Hoyle has publicly stated that should he ever be in a position of political power, "I would remove anyone who's vaguely homophobic to a concentration camp outside the M25, where they could keep each other company until such time as it was deemed appropriate for them to be dispatched." Nonetheless, Hoyle remains highly critical of the mainstream gay culture in Britain, believing it to be "off-the-peg" and generic, and describing it as "the biggest suicide cult in history". In his work he has attempted to fight against the idea that gay people are "not socialist, not political, not left-field, just as pathetic and ridiculous as anybody else, that we couldn't give a fuck about anything as long as we can listen to Kylie and go shopping."

Hoyle suffers from mental breakdowns, something which he blames on his abusive childhood. He often raises the issue of mental health in his performances, relating that "It's one of the last great taboos. People who would rush to help someone with a broken leg run away when someone has a mental health problem." Hoyle is also a painter, often reflecting his own life in his work; one of his works was for instance titled "Hi, I'm David and 48 and Returning to Psychiatric Help Which Is in the Public Interest". His character, Doug Rocket in Nathan Barley mentions nervous breakdowns, saying "it induced the first of many nervous breakdowns, all of which I've chosen to ignore", talking about the fictional group The Veryphonics.

Television credits

 * Magazine: The Reprint (2007) – a DVD with some of these performances has been published by Duckie
 * "David's Debatables" (2007 – ) monthly column for GT(Gay Times) Magazine since 2007
 * "This Is My Fucking Truth" – Performance at the Project Arts Centre, Dublin on 26 June 2009 as part of the Dublin LGBTQ Pride Festival 2009.
 * Pride London 2009 – Appearance on the stage in Leicester Square, featuring a duet with Boy George, "Spoiling it for the Others"
 * Gay Icons at the National Portrait Gallery – Promenade Performance with Escalator Finale 11 September 2009
 * David Hoyle's Aural Assault – Four Thursdays in September 2009.
 * Rules and Regulations – an art Installation as Artist in Residence at Battersea Arts Centre, 25 and 26 Sep 2009
 * Nobody Got The Z-Man's Back – Spoken word piece on the life and career of former professional wrestler Tom Zenk, 25 January 2011, Northampton Derngate.
 * Revelations (2012) – a DVD comprising the short films of David Hoyle and Nathan Evans published by Live Art Development Agency

Reviews and press

 * 2007

Timeout London, Interview by Ben Walters: ’Magazine‘ star David Hoyle plans to raise our consciousness through dogging'

 * 2008

Gavin Butt: ‘Hoyle’s Humility’, (interview with David Hoyle), in Dance Theatre Journal, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2008.

 * 2009

The Skinny, Posted by Paul Mitchell: David Hoyle – Still Really Rather Divine

The Times, Interview by Nancy Durrant: Comedian David Hoyle is no drag

Gay Icons Performance at the National Portrait Gallery

The Independent, Interview by Nancy Groves: Observations: Freud family sofa's takes a starring role in Theatre of Therapy

title: David Hoyle (performance artist)


text:
Citizens for Blank Votes

Citizens for Blank Votes (Ciudadanos En Blanco) is a Spanish political party.

In Spanish electoral law, a distinction is made between valid votes, blank votes (votos en blanco) and null votes. Blank votes are interpreted as correctly executed votes for "none of the above", and consistently about 2% of votes are blank. Voting "blank" is not the same thing as abstaining, and so it has been argued that blank votes should be recognized as legitimate by apportioning empty seats in representative bodies according to the number of blank votes. Abstainers, the argument continues, exclude themselves from the democratic process and so need not be recognized in this way.

The platform of Ciudadanos En Blanco is that, if elected, their candidates will leave their seats vacant, until such time as the Spanish electoral law is reformed to recognize blank votes in the manner described above. At that point, the party will have no more reason to exist.

The party's slogan is No votes en blanco, vota a Ciudadanos En Blanco (Do not vote "en blanco", vote for Citizens "En Blanco").

title: Citizens for Blank Votes


text:
Talk:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier

I think you have to translate "botonnier." I don't think most English speakers know what it means. moink 23:25, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

No "right to strike" was abolished by the law of 1791.
No "right to strike", i.e. to not turn up for work and not be dismissed, was abolished by the law of 1791 - the law of 1791 does not mention a "right to strike" as French law, nor the law of any other country, had ever recognised such a "right". On the contrary - if people repeatedly did not turn up for work it was normal practice, in France and elsewhere, to dismiss them. They then either went into trade for themselves or sought alternative employment. There was no "right to strike" for the law of 1791 to "abolish". 2A02:C7C:E183:AC00:5405:9838:B7F6:9189 (talk) 13:19, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier