text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 7

 * 1795 - France adopts the metre as the unit of length
 * 1922 - Teapot Dome scandal: United States Secretary of the Interior leases Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming.
 * 1927 - First long distance public television broadcast (Washington, DC to New York City; image was of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
 * 1939 - World War II: Italy invades Albania.
 * 1940 - Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.
 * 1948 - The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
 * 1953 - Dag Hammarskjöld is elected United Nations Secretary General.
 * 1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his"domino theory" speech during a news conference.
 * 1956 - Spain relinquishes its protectorate in Morocco.
 * 1963 - Yugoslavia is proclaimed to be a Socialist republic and Josip Broz Tito is named President for life.
 * 1964 - IBM announces the System/360
 * 1969 - The Internet's symbolic birth date: publication of RFC 1.
 * 1980 - The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
 * 1983 - During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes).
 * 1990 - Iran Contra Affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of five charges for his part in the scandal but the convictions were later reversed after an appeal.
 * 1994 - Massacres of Tutsis begin in Kigali, Rwanda.
 * 1999 - Kosovo War: Kosovo's main border crossings are closed by Serbian forces to prevent ethnic Albanians from leaving.
 * 2000 - Mars Odyssey is launched.

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:50, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): World Health Organization; Request for Comments
 * Omitted: Charles University in Prague; Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven); Battle of Shiloh; Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen, Booker T. Washington; Samashki massacre
 * Included: St John Passion (first appearance); Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) (first appearance); Ba'ath Party (4th appearance, last in 2006); Federal Express Flight 705 (first appearance); 2001 Mars Odyssey (first appearance)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:03, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Booker T. Washington (maintenance)
 * Omitted: St John Passion; Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67); Ba'ath Party; Federal Express Flight 705; 2001 Mars Odyssey
 * Included: American pioneers to the Northwest Territory (first appearance; 225th anniversary); Battle of Shiloh (2nd appearance, last in 2011); World Health Organization (4th appearance, last in 2010); Winston Churchill (8th appearance, last in 2008); Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 (first appearance)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:14, 6 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Samashki massacre (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Booker T. Washington
 * Omitted: American pioneers to the Northwest Territory; Battle of Shiloh; World Health Organization; Winston Churchill; Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010
 * Included: Charles University in Prague (8th appearance, last in 2011); St John Passion (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen (expedition: first appearance; Nansen: 2nd appearance, last in 2011); Request for Comments (4th appearance, last in 2007); Rwandan Genocide (3rd appearance, last in 2006)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:05, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Spanish protectorate in Morocco
 * Omitted: Charles University in Prague; St John Passion; Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen; Request for Comments; Rwandan Genocide
 * Included: Billie Holiday (first appearance; 100th birth anniversary); Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven) (4th appearance, last in 2011); Booker T. Washington (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Winston Churchill (9th appearance, last in 2013); Samashki massacre (2nd appearance, last in 2011)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:15, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Billie Holiday; Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67); Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven); Booker T. Washington; Winston Churchill; Samashki massacre
 * Included: Empress Matilda (2nd appearance, last in 2013; moved from November 1); St John Passion (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen (expedition: 2ndappearance; Nansen: 3rd appearance; both last in 2014); Spanish protectorate in Morocco (first appearance; 60th anniversary); Rwandan Genocide (4th appearance, last in 2014)

National Beer Day (United States)
For future consideration: National Beer Day (United States) - it is quite small of an article, but it is referenced and includes a quote from FDR. — xaosflux  Talk 22:17, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:00, 7 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) (maintenance); Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven) (maintenance); Booker T. Washington (maintenance); Winston Churchill (maintenance); 2001 Mars Odyssey (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Empress Matilda; St John Passion; Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen; Spanish protectorate in Morocco (ineligible—maintenance); Rwandan genocide (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: National Beer Day (United States) (first appearance); Charles University (9th appearance, last in 2014); Battle of Shiloh (4th appearance, last in 2013); Operation Ten-Go (2nd appearance, last in 2010); Ba'ath Party (5th appearance, last in 2012; 70th anniversary); April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests (first appearance); Berengar I of Italy (first appearance); El Greco (first appearance); Dave Arneson (first appearance)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:42, 7 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Request for Comments (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): 2017 Stockholm attack (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): South Pacific (musical); Bruce W. Klunder; Francis Ford Coppola
 * Omitted: World Health Day (ineligible—maintenance); Charles University (ineligible—maintenance); Battle of Shiloh; Operation Ten-Go; Ba'ath Party; April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests; Berengar I of Italy (ineligible—maintenance); El Greco
 * Included: St John Passion (4th appearance, last in 2016); American pioneers to the Northwest Territory (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen (Expedition: 3rd appearance; Nansen: 4th appearance; both last in 2016); World Health Organization (5th appearance, last in 2013; 70th anniversary); Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Toussaint Louverture (first appaerance); John Bernard Flannagan (first appaerance)
 * Repeats: Dave Arneson (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:02, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Deleted: April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests (moved to April 6)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Francis Ford Coppola (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Request for Comments (this was temporarily deleted as the date was missing from the article at the time)
 * Omitted: St John Passion; American pioneers to the Northwest Territory; Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen; World Health Organization; Toussaint Louverture; John Bernard Flannagan
 * Included: Empress Matilda (3rd appearance, last in 2016); South Pacific (musical) (first appearance; 70th anniversary); Rwandan genocide (5th appearance, last in 2016; rescued from Ineligible); 2017 Stockholm truck attack (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (first appearance); Joseph Lyons (first appearance; 80th birthday)
 * Repeats: Dave Arneson (3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total; 10th anniversary)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 22:53, 8 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Federal Express Flight 705 (maintenance; was actually restored from accidental deletion)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Berengar I of Italy
 * Omitted: South Pacific (musical) (ineligible—TFA for 2020}; Rwandan genocide; 2017 Stockholm truck attack; John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby; Joseph Lyons; Dave Arneson
 * Included: St John Passion (5th appearance, last in 2018); Japanese battleship Yamato/Operation Ten-Go (Yamato: 5th appearance, last in 2007; Ten-Go: 3rd appearance, last in 2017; 75th anniversary); Samashki massacre (3rd appearance, last in 2015; 25th anniversary); Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 (3rd appearance, last in 2018; 10th anniversary); George the Standard-Bearer (first appearance); Randall Davidson (first appearance); Francis Ford Coppola (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible)
 * Repeats: Empress Matilda (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:49, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: American pioneers to the Northwest Territory (maintenance); Request for Comments (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): South Pacific (musical)
 * New articles (unused): Martha Ray
 * Omitted: Empress Matilda (ineligible—facts not certain); St John Passion (ineligible—maintenance); Japanese battleship Yamato; Samashki massacre; Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010; Randall Davidson; Francis Ford Coppola
 * Included: Battle of Shiloh (5th appearance, last in 2017); Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen (Expedition: 4th appearance; Nansen: 5th; both last in 2018); World Health Organization (6th appearance, last in 2018); Rwandan genocide (6th appearance, last in 2019); 2017 Stockholm truck attack (2nd appearance, last in 2019); Bert Ironmonger (first appearance); Santa Barraza (first appearance; 70th birthday)
 * Repeats: George the Standard-Bearer (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 1200th anniversary)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:37, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Winston Churchill
 * Omitted: World Health Organization; Rwandan genocide; 2017 Stockholm truck attack; George the Standard-Bearer; Bert Ironmonger; Santa Barraza
 * Included: South Pacific (musical) (2nd appearance, last in 2019; rescued from Ineligible); Battle of Loc Ninh (first appearance; 50th anniversary); Samashki massacre (4th appearance, last in 2020); Berengar I of Italy (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Martha Ray (first appearance); Joseph Lyons (2nd appearance, last in 2019)
 * Repeats: Battle of Shiloh (2nd consecutive appearance; 6 total); Nansen's Fram expedition/Fridtjof Nansen (2nd consecutive appearance; Expedition: 5 total; Nansen: 6 total)


text:
Fiji Airways

Fiji Airways (formerly known as Air Pacific) is the flag carrier of Fiji. It operates international services from its hubs in Fiji to 27 destinations, and has an extended network of 108 international destinations through its codeshare partners, including Qantas, who also own a stake in the airline.

The Fiji Airways Group brings in 64 percent of all visitors who fly to Fiji, employs over 1,000 employees, and earns revenues of over FJD$815 million (US$390m).

The first commercial flight as Fiji Airways was made in 1951 but the airline's origins date back to Katafaga Estates Ltd. formed in 1947. After being acquired by Qantas in 1958, Katafaga Estates was retooled as a regional airline and renamed Air Pacific. In May 2012, MD/CEO David Pflieger announced that as the final part of the airline's successful turnaround, the airline would be returning to its former name of Fiji Airways to reinforce its role as the national airline of Fiji. The Fiji government owns 52% of the airline, the Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF) owns 30.02% and Qantas 16%, diluted from its previous 46% stake after FNPF purchased their stake in Fiji Airways to raise capital during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the governments of several Pacific island nations holding the remainder.

The airline replaced five of its older Boeing 737s with newer Boeing 737 MAX 8 at a list price of around US$110 million each, beginning in 2018. The airline is also currently leasing two Airbus A350-900 aircraft. The 737 MAX 8s and A330-200s are intended for Fiji Airways' services within Oceania, while the Airbus A350-900s and A330-300s are intended for services to long-haul destinations such as the United States, Canada and Singapore.

Origins
The airline was founded by Australian aviator Harold Gatty who in 1931 had been the navigator on a record-breaking round-the-world flight with Wiley Post. Gatty moved to Fiji after World War II and registered the airline in 1947 as Katafaga Estates Ltd., after the coconut estate Gatty had established on Fiji's eastern island group. Gatty renamed the airline as Fiji Airways in September 1951. The New Zealander Fred Ladd was Fiji Airways' first Chief Pilot.

Flight history
Fiji Airways' inaugural flight was on 1 September 1951, when a seven-seater de Havilland Dragon Rapide biplane departed Suva's Nausori Airport for Drasa Airport near Lautoka, on the west coast of the main island. The airline's first international flight to Brisbane, Australia was on 1 June 1973. In 1983 the airline started flights to the US with a route to Honolulu called "Project America". In December 2009, Air Pacific commenced a twice-weekly service to Hong Kong from Nadi, which was increased to three services in January 2014. In July 2010 Air Pacific announced a new Suva-Auckland service, which was discontinued in 2020.

Air Pacific
After Gatty's death in 1958, Fiji Airways was acquired by Qantas. Initially, Qantas tried to create international support for a multinational, shared, regional airline. By 1966 Fiji Airways's shareholders included the governments of Tonga, Western Samoa, Nauru, Kiribati and the Solomon Islands. By 1968, Qantas, Air New Zealand, British Overseas Airways Corporation and the Fiji government held equal shareholdings.

After Fiji gained independence from Great Britain in 1970, the new national government began buying shares and the airline was renamed Air Pacific to reflect its regional presence. By the early 1970s, seven Pacific island governments, some still under British rule at the time, held shares in Air Pacific, in addition to shares held by Qantas, Air New Zealand and the British Overseas Airways Corporation. However, the regional airline idea lost support as some of the shareholding Pacific island governments sold their shares and created their own national airlines.

In the 1970s, tourism became the nation's leading industry, which made the airline even more important to the Fijian economy; and the government of Fiji acquired a controlling interest in Air Pacific in 1974. In 1981, The New York Times published an article that included details on the Fiji government's plan to buy out more shareholders in order to gain more control of Air Pacific as the national airline. However, the airline received no subsidies from the government and had to buy its own aircraft.

In the 1990s the airline relocated its headquarters from the capital city of Suva to the coastal town of Nadi where the main international airport is located. The company also constructed an elaborate aircraft maintenance centre there.

In 2007, Air Pacific acquired Sun Air, a domestic airline, renamed it Pacific Sun and began operations as Air Pacific's domestic and regional subsidiary. In May 2012, Managing Director & CEO Dave Pflieger announced that the airline, which was completing a successful turnaround that included restructuring and re-fleeting, would be re-branded as "Fiji Airways" to help enhance sales and marketing of the airline and the south pacific island nation. In June 2014, Pacific Sun was rebranded to Fiji Link.

Rebranding as Fiji Airways
In May 2012, the airline announced that it would be rebranding to its original name of Fiji Airways, with the rebranding coinciding with the delivery of the A330 aircraft in 2013. Fiji Airways' new logo, a "Masi symbol that epitomises Fiji and enhances the new name of Fiji's national carrier", was announced by Managing Director & CEO Dave Pflieger on 17 August 2012. The design was created by local Fijian Masi artist, Makereta Matemosi. The airline's new brand identity and colour scheme were fully revealed by the CEO and Prime Minister of Fiji at a formal red-carpet, black-tie event in Suva on 10 October 2012, in conjunction with Fiji Day.

The rebranding to Fiji Airways officially took place on 27 June 2013. The name change aimed to associate the airline more closely with the nation and to be more visible in search results. Also during the rebranding of Air Pacific to Fiji Airways, a new line of uniforms for its cabin crew was launched, and was designed by Fiji-based French designer Alexandra Poenaru-Philp. In China, the name Air Pacific was often confused with Hong Kong airline Cathay Pacific, Philippine airline Cebu Pacific and a Chinese air conditioning company. With the rebranding came a name change for the airline's booking classes. The Pacific Voyager (economy) and Tabua Class (business) of Air Pacific became the Fiji Airways' Economy and Fiji Airways' Business Class. The airline also launched a new website with the rebranding.

Fleet history
Fiji Airways used small de Havilland Dragon Rapide and de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover aircraft when it was newly founded. The fleet grew to include two ATR 42 turboprops and two leased jets, a Boeing 747 and a Boeing 767. By the late 1990s, the fleet included both Boeing 737 and 767 jets, while the ATR 42 turboprops were used on domestic flights. Air Pacific also operated 2 BAC 111 Srs 479 jet aircraft from 1973 until 1984. These aircraft operated across the airline's network including to Australia.

The 2000 Fijian coup d'état devastated the country's tourism industry and overall economy, which led to a substantial decrease in travel to Fiji. Faced with a falloff in air traffic, Air Pacific returned one of its two leased Boeing 747s. In 2003, Air Pacific received the first of two Boeing 747-400s it was leasing from Singapore Airlines (They had previously been leased with Ansett Australia until Ansett's collapse in 2001).

In April 2011, Air Pacific announced that it had cancelled its order of eight Boeing 787-9s due to delivery delays of almost four years by Boeing. In October 2011, Air Pacific announced that it had ordered three Airbus A330-200s. In March 2013 the company received its first "Fiji Airways" branded Airbus A330. It was christened The Island of Taveuni and had its first flight to Auckland on 2 April. In June, one of the Boeing 747-400s was retired. The other, although 'withdrawn from service', was used on an ad-hoc basis when needed. It was retired on 20 November 2013 when it was flown to be scrapped. Today the fleet includes four Airbus A350-900, four Airbus A330-200s, one Airbus A330-300, one Boeing 737-800s, and five Boeing 737 MAX 8s. Fiji Link operates two ATR 72-600, an ATR 42-600 and three de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft. In preparation of the rebranding, Air Pacific retired its Boeing 747-412s from service.

On 2 May 2019, Fiji Airways announced its intention to lease two Airbus A350-900 from Dubai Aerospace Enterprise as a part of their fleet expansion. They operate on routes to Australia, New Zealand and the United States. These A350 frames were originally to be delivered to Hong Kong Airlines, however following the cancellation of that order, they were purchased by Dubai Aerospace Enterprise.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Fiji Airways announced 800 job losses in Fiji on 25 May 2020.

Airline partnerships
In partnership with Qantas, Air Pacific helped pioneer the concept of codeshare agreements in the early 1980s. Today, codesharing is an accepted airline practice all over the world. In the 1990s Air Pacific signed a codeshare agreement with Canadian Airlines, allowing it to transport traffic from Toronto on to Auckland, New Zealand. Soon after it struck a codeshare deal with American Airlines.

Qantas, which owned less than 20% of Air Pacific at the time, began a ten-year management contract with the airline in 1985 to help reverse the financial losses the company was struggling with. In 1986, Air Pacific posted a profit of nearly $100,000. In 1987 Qantas paid a reported $3.5 million for a 20 percent stake in Air Pacific. Qantas raised its equity from 17.45 percent to 46 percent in 1998.

On 25 January 1995 Air Pacific and the then Royal Tongan Airlines began a joint leasing of aircraft. The concept came complete with the livery of the two airlines painted on each side of the Boeing 737-300 fuselage.

Fiji Airways has a subsidiary airline Fiji Link (formerly Pacific Sun) that offers domestic flights and flights to the nearby islands of Tonga, Samoa, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Fiji Airways is also a partner with the frequent flyer programmes of Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, and Qantas.

Fiji Airways code shares with Air Vanuatu, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Hong Kong Airlines, Jetstar, Jetstar Asia, Qantas, Samoa Airways, Singapore Airlines, and Solomon Airlines.

Finally, Fiji Airways has been a Connect Member of Oneworld since 5 December 2018.

In June 2024, Oneworld and Fiji Airways announced that Fiji Airways would become the alliance's 15th full member of the alliance with the transition set to begin immediately and be complete within 12 months. That same month, American Airlines announced that Fiji Airways would join its frequent-flyer program, AAdvantage, sometime within the ensuing year.

Ownership and structure
Fiji Airways is part of the Air Pacific Group (which includes the national airline, its wholly owned subsidiary Fiji Link, and a 38.75% stake in the Sofitel Fiji Resort & Spa on Denarau Island). The Air Pacific Group itself is owned by the Fijian government (51%), Fiji National Provident Fund (30.02%) the Australian flag-carrier Qantas (16.45%), and Air New Zealand and the governments of Kiribati, Tonga, Nauru and Samoa and the Unit Trust of Fiji each hold minor stakes.

Business trends
The airline was largely profitable from 1995 to 2004, with the exception of 2001. In the late 2000s, the airline suffered back-to-back losses of FJ$5.2 million for fiscal year 2008–2009 and FJ$65.3 million for 2009–2010. It posted FJ$24.8 in 2009–2010 and FJ$11.4 in 2011–2012, respectively. After switching to a fiscal year that ends on 31 December, the airline reported profits for 9 months in 2013 of FJ$8.3 million. In 2014, the airline posted a FJ$55.6 million profit.

The key trends for Fiji Airways, and the overall Group (including Fiji Link operations), are shown below (as at year ending 31 March until March 2013; year ending 31 December thereafter):

Sponsorships
In October 2017, Fiji Airways became the official airline of Fiji Rugby. The sponsorship saw Fiji Airways taking over the following Fiji Rugby teams with major naming and branding rights for the next five years: Fiji Airways Flying Fijians (15s team); Fiji Airways National 7s Team; Fiji Airways Fijiana 15s Team (Women's 15s team); Fiji Airways Fijiana 7s Team (Women's 7s team); Fiji Airways Drua; Fiji Link Referees (all referees in Fiji will be sponsored by and will wear Fiji Link branded apparel).

In February 2018, it announced its exclusive airline sponsorship of Super Rugby champions, the BNZ Crusaders.

The airline is also a sponsor of the Fiji International Golf tournament.

Destinations
Fiji Airways serves 27 destinations as of January 2024.

Codeshare agreements
Fiji Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * Air India
 * Air New Zealand
 * Air Vanuatu
 * Alaska Airlines
 * American Airlines
 * British Airways
 * Cathay Pacific
 * Finnair
 * Hong Kong Airlines
 * Japan Airlines
 * Jetstar
 * Jetstar Asia
 * Qantas
 * Samoa Airways
 * Singapore Airlines
 * Solomon Airlines

Fiji Airways also has an interlining agreement with Virgin Australia.

Current fleet
, Fiji Airways operates the following aircraft:

Historical fleet

Fiji Airways formerly operated the following aircraft, including:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fiji Airways


text:
Andrew II

Andrew II may refer to:

 * Andrew II of Naples, duke of Naples from 834 to 840
 * Andrew II, Baron of Vitré (c. 1150–1210/11)
 * Andrew II of Hungary (c. 1177–1235)
 * Andrew II, Archbishop of Antivari (died 1462)

title: Andrew II


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 12

 * 1777 - North Carolina ratifies the American Declaration of Independence.
 * 1861 - American Civil War begins with the bombardment of Fort Sumter in South Carolina by Confederate forces.
 * 1945 - American President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in Warm Springs, Georgia of a brain hemmorage.
 * 1961 - Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space.
 * 1981 - The first launch of a Space Shuttle: Columbia launches on the STS-1 mission.

Image
in terms of space exploration yuri gagarin is more important than the columbia shuttle launch. If one wishes to avoid further soviet x americans discussion, put an image of galileu galilei
 * I could have also used the STS-1 patch, cycling in and out with Gagarin's pic, but I was too busy elsewhere that day. We'll re-visit this next year. -- PFHLai 10:05, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)

Why is this locked anyway?--Alexandre Van de Sande 17:36, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, everything on the MainPage is "locked" to avoid vandalism. -- PFHLai 10:05, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)

Unsourced Image
Needs to be replaced. Would do it my self, but am at work. A dmrb♉ltz (T | C) 00:13, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

it's also my birthday >_>;; --Keatsta 02:49, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Columbia
Columbia was actually the second space shuttle (after the Enterprise), though the first opperational shuttle. The portion of this page that links to the main page should be modified accordingly. —ScouterSig 17:58, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Error in Gagarin blurb
His spacecraft wasn't Vostok 3KA-2; it was called Vostok 3KA-3. There were two previous unmanned spacecraft of the same model, and his was the third (hence the "3"). Hopefully this can be fixed before tomorrow. Mlm42 (talk) 15:45, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks! :) Mlm42 (talk) 20:17, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:06, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Anthemius; Battle of Fort Sumter; SMS Zrínyi; Yuri Gagarin; Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel
 * Included: Siege of Constantinople (1204)/Fourth Crusade (1st appearance for Siege; 4th for Crusade, last in 2009—rescued from Ineligible); Terry Fox (3rd appearance, last in 2010); Jim Gary (first appearance); Disneyland Paris (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Broughton Suspension Bridge (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:36, 11 April 2013 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Halifax Resolves
 * Added but then deleted: Dugway sheep incident (wrong date; moved to March 17)
 * Omitted: Terry Fox; Jim Gary; Disneyland Paris
 * Included: SMS Zrínyi (first appearance); Yuri Gagarin (9th appearance, last in 2011); 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing (first appearance);
 * Repeats: Siege of Constantinople (1204) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; blurb also featured Fourth Crusade, which is now ineligible); Broughton Suspension Bridge (3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 10:28, 11 April 2014 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Edwin of Northumbria
 * Omitted: Siege of Constantinople (1204); SMS Zrínyi; 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing
 * Included: Shapur I (first appearance); Halifax Resolves (first appearance); Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel (2nd appearance, last in 2011; 20th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Broughton Suspension Bridge (4th consecutive appearance, 4 total); Yuri Gagarin (2nd consecutive appearance, 10 total)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:20, 10 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Anthemius (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Shapur I; Halifax Resolves; Broughton Suspension Bridge; Yuri Gagarin; Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel
 * Included: Edwin of Northumbria (first appearance); Siege of Constantinople (1204) (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Battle of the Saintes (first appearance); SMS Zrínyi (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Jim Gary (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 25th anniversary)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:22, 10 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Yuri Gagarin (maintenance); Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Edwin of Northumbria; Battle of the Saintes; SMS Zrínyi; Jim Gary
 * Included: Shapur I (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Battle of Fort Sumter (5th appearance, last in 2011); Terry Fox (4th appearance, last in 2012); 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing (2nd appearance, last in 2013)
 * Repeats: Siege of Constantinople (1204) (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:37, 12 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Jim Gary (maintenance); Disneyland Paris (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Shapur I; Siege of Constantinople (1204) (ineligible—maintenance); Battle of Fort Sumter
 * Included: Halifax Resolves (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Broughton Suspension Bridge (5th appearance, last in 2014); SMS Zrínyi (4th appearance, last in 2015)
 * Repeats: Terry Fox (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total); 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total; 10th anniversary)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:25, 12 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Shapur I (maintenance); Battle of the Saintes (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Halifax Resolves; Broughton Suspension Bridge; Terry Fox; 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing; Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood; Beverly Cleary; Xin Fengxia
 * Included: Edwin of Northumbria (2nd appearance, last in 2015); Froberg mutiny (first appearance); Battle of Fort Sumter (6th appearance, last in 2016); Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel (3rd appearance, last in 2014; rescued from Ineligible); Charles VII of Sweden (first appearance); Alexander Ostrovsky (first appearance); Imogen Holst (first appearance)
 * Repeats: SMS Zrínyi (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:42, 12 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Edwin of Northumbria; Battle of Fort Sumter; Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel (ineligible—maintenance); Charles VII of Sweden; Alexander Ostrovsky; Keiko Fukuda
 * Included: Halifax Resolves (3rd appearance, last in 2017); Broughton Suspension Bridge (6th appearance, last in 2017); Terry Fox (6th appearance, last in 2017); George N. Briggs (first appearance); Imogen Holst (first appearance); Karim Fakhrawi (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Froberg mutiny (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total); SMS Zrínyi (3rd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 21:54, 13 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Sack of Constantinople (1204) (moved to April 13)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Yuri Gagarin
 * Omitted: Halifax Resolves; Froberg mutiny; Broughton Suspension Bridge; George N. Briggs; Imogen Holst; Karim Fakhrawi
 * Included: Edwin of Northumbria (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Chios massacre (6th appearance, last in 2018; moved from March 31); Great Fire of Valparaíso (first appearance); Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre (first appearance); Addie Joss (first appearance); Sydney Allard (first appearance)
 * Repeats: SMS Zrínyi (4th consecutive appearance, 7 total); Terry Fox (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total; 40th anniversary)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:45, 14 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: 2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Fourth Crusade (blurb previously featured Sack of Constantinople and was moved back from April 13); Jane Withers
 * Omitted: Edwin of Northumbria; Chios massacre; SMS Zrínyi; Terry Fox; Great Fire of Valparaíso; Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre; Addie Joss; Sydney Allard
 * Included: Broughton Suspension Bridge (7th appearance, last in 2019); Battle of Fort Sumter (7th appearance, last in 2018); Yuri Gagarin (12th appearance, last in 2015; rescued from Ineligible; 60th anniversary); 2013 Kidal suicide attack (first appearance); Tenby Davies (first appearance); Beverly Cleary (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Karim Fakhrawi (2nd appearance, last in 2019; 10th anniversary)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:06, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Zelia Nuttall
 * Omitted: Broughton Suspension Bridge; Battle of Fort Sumter; 2013 Kidal suicide attack; Tenby Davies; Beverly Cleary; Karim Fakhrawi
 * Included: Fourth Crusade (6th appearance, last in 2020); Chios massacre (7th appearance, last in 2020; 200th anniversary); 1980 Liberian coup d'état (first appearance;; rescued from Ineligible; blurb previously featured Samuel Doe, which remains ineligible); Great Fire of Valparaíso (2nd appearance, last in 2020); Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden (first appearance); Nicola Amati (first appearance); Abbie Hoffman (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Yuri Gagarin (2nd consecutive appearance, 13 total)


text:
Talk:Basel problem

Headline text
I'm thinking of renaming this article "The Basel Problem" and adding a bunch of historical remarks and putting in broader context. I still think the proof can stay here, it would just be a part (about half) of the whole article. I don't think it would make it too long, and people not interested in the proof could just skip that section. I thought of having 2 articles, but it seemed redundant and just giving the proof without any remarks about the problem seemed strange. Revolver 15:31, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I manually renamed this article Basel problem, (since the system wouldn't let me do this directly) so this article should be deleted. Revolver 20:28, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Is it not worth keeping as a redirect? Angela. 02:18, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * Possibly...I find it hard to imagine someone linking to it, but it can't hurt. Revolver 02:41, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

That's a good idea...I forget simple things like, "why does this sum converge in the first place", assuming everyone has seen p-series in calculus, or something. There may be some other simple ways to approximate this that people used before Euler that might be interesting. Revolver 22:18, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Overlooking the obvious?
It isn't clear to me from the article why this problem is called the Basel problem. Dataphile 19:49, Aug 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Basel is the name of a town, somehow the town is related to the origin of the problem. I don't know exactly -- in math, so many things have so many names, math people often don't know why something's called what it is. Revolver 17:51, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The Bernoulli family, which worked on the problem for a long time, were located in Basel. Johann Bernoulli taught Euler at the University of Basel.

Picture as proof
"First note that 0 < sin x < x < tan x. This can be seen by considering the following picture:"

It's definitely a cool picture. Can its owner change the 'theta' to an x? Do we need to point out that the angle is equal to the length of the circular arc AD?

I can 'see' that sin x < x, but I can only convince myself that x < tan x using calculus (e.g., the derivative of (tan x - x) is tan2x, which is > 0 for x in (0, pi/2), ...). Is that a failure of imagination on my part? Perhaps it's obvious that tan x grows faster than x.

Buster79

 * The area of the triangle OAE is tan(θ)/2. The area of the circle sector OAD is θ/2. The circle sector is contained within the triangle, so θ < tan(θ). Fredrik Johansson - talk - contribs 18:18, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks. I've added this to the article. Buster79 23:08, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

You can prove it easily by using Fourier transform
I will not go into details, but the proof starts with the function absolute value of x on the interval [-pi,+pi] You calculate the Fourier transform of the function. Later you can seperate the sum into odd and even numbers and find out that the sum equals pi^2/6.

The Riemann zeta formula can be approached by Parseval's theorem.

The point of the proof in this article is that it needs only elementary methods. There are several proofs of this problem (there is an article called "Six ways to sum a series" which gives 6 of them), but most of them require more advanced machinery.

Why is the same Fourier series proof given twice?
It looks ridiculous. The two proofs are clearly entirely the same but one is stated in a pretentious way. Someone should fix this. The only reason I didn’t delete it immediately is because I’m unaware of Wikipedia’s protocols. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1010:B002:D03B:F5FB:3BB3:90A5:C78C (talk) 07:10, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

Basel problem extended
The Basel problem can be extended to find the closed forms for every N. An approximate sequence can be found in the OEIS, A111510. Included is an expression of Pi where the odd and even terms of Triangular(n)define the differences. Would the contributers to the Basel problem pages care to comment and to suggest the best way to include this? Marc M. 20-6-06

Irrelevant topic
The last topic in the article on the Basel problem reads as follows:

"Use in the calculation of π: In 1881, Ernesto Cesaro showed that the probability of two integers being relatively prime equals 6 / π2, which is the reciprocal of ζ(2). By the above proof, Cesaro's theorem thus allows a value for π to be calculated from a large collection of random integers, by determining the proportion of them which are relatively prime."

I don't see how this uses the result of the Basel problem, ζ(2) = π2 / 6, at all; it just mentions it in passing. Likewise, the phrase "By the above proof" is unnecessary, since the application of Cesaro's theorem goes along just fine without using the above proof at all. Moreover, it's very misleading to say that π can be calculated by this method. If you pick 100 pairs of random numbers from 1 to 10, and every possible pair shows up once, you will "calculate" π ≈ 3.086. (There are 63 pairs that are relatively prime.) No matter how many pairs are selected, the result will be an algebraic number, and π is transcendental. I suggest the entire paragraph be removed from the article. Did I miss anything? Gwil 20:03, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra unnecessary
I object to the following: If p(t) is a polynomial of degree m, then p has no more than m distinct roots. Proof: This is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of algebra. The statement "If p(t) has degree m, then p has no more than m distinct roots" can be proven by elementary methods, whereas the FTA is much more difficult (it's usually proven with complex analysis). Specifically, the "no more than m distinct roots" theorem follows from the factor theorem ( (x - r)|p(x) if and only if p(r) = 0, a consequence of polynomial division), together with an induction argument to show that the product of (x - rj) over all the roots rj of p(x) divides p(x), and an application of the fact that degree(f * g) = degree(f) + degree(g) for nonzero polynomials f and g.

Moreover, the "no more than m distinct roots" theorem holds in the polynomial ring of any integral domain, whereas the FTA is a very special fact about the complex numbers.

I would recommend that the line "Proof: This is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of algebra." be replaced by an outline of the actual proof from the factor theorem. --Gene496 08:35, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

While Euler is credited with the solution, i.e., an exact answer, is pi^2/6 an exact number? pi itself is the sum of an infinite series as is the original Basel series! SEIBasaurus 70.118.127.94 17:41, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

What you need to know
Just a comment on the "What you need to know" sub-section... love this, extremely helpful, should be present in more articles! Error792 03:20, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Coprime?
Would it be worthwhile to add a wikilink to coprime, regarding the application of ζ(2) in evaluating the probability that two randomly chosen numbers are coprime? I just added a wikilink in the other direction, from that article to here. —David Eppstein (talk) 22:11, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Long proof
This article has bothered me for a long time. I have looked for elementary proofs that were also simple, but found none. Perhaps it is not surprising that it took Euler quite a while to figure it out.

I like the elementary proof precisely because it is elementary. However, I think it is also very complicated and in most cases will not be interesting to the reader. On the one hand, I think it is too lengthy to be readable by most laypersons. On the other hand, I would think that almost anyone who is familiar with Fourier series would prefer that proof, because one can understand it at a glance, and remember it forever more (whereas I could not reproduce this proof without some effort, and I do math research...)

Because this proof is so well written and also elementary, I think it should be moved to its own article. I like Euler's "proof", and it should stay, and for completeness, we could leave the Fourier Series argument which I just put in, because that would give a very short airtight argument. However, right now, I think that most of our readers must stop reading somewhere in the "What you need to know" section.

Any objections?

Loisel (talk) 19:55, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that several proofs on the same page is a good idea. The Fourier series argument is a very welcome addition, it's the proof usually taught in calculus courses. There are more proofs given in the external links. I prefer to have good outlines or section titles for the proofs instead of distributing them over several articles. So the reader can make a choice according to his/her level of mathematical education or specific interest, compare with Proof that the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges and Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means. Schmock (talk) 00:37, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Nono, what I'm proposing is to segregate most of the proofs to an article, maybe, Proof that zeta(2)=π^2/6, much like Proof that the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges. This article could be more about the history of the Basel problem and maybe one proof as short as possible.

No?

Loisel (talk) 02:18, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I prefer to have the elementary proof on the same page as the history of the problem, because this proof is potentially readable for people without a university education in mathematics. When we have several (at least 4) advanced proofs, a separate article might be a good idea. Personally, I prefer to have some proofs in the article zeta constant, in particular for ζ(2n). As far as I remember, Fourier methods also work in this more general case, but other proofs might be shorter. Schmock (talk) 08:06, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

My understanding of zeta(2n) is that you find an nth antiderivative of f(x)=x. So for instance, assume that $$g^{(n)}(x)=x$$. So g is periodic and n times differentiable. The constant terms are prescribed by the homology or something. Clearly, g(x) is a polynomial and for a fixed n, you can compute it. Hence, you can compute \int g^2. Furthermore, $$\hat{g}(k)={1 \over (ik)^{n}}\hat{f}(k)$$ and that gives you the necessary formula.

But I don't know if there's an explicit formula for g. Do you know?

Loisel (talk) 23:44, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

A slicker proof from Fourier series
What is meant with "worked out in that article"? If it's the last link than the link is dead. Furthermore does the Parseval's identity on wikipedia not give the desired result for this prove. Mostly because here the Parseval's identity is stated wrong. 86.95.192.7 (talk) 08:59, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

Problem in proof.
It seems to me that the proof shown in the section "Euler attacks the problem" has a fallacy. Before I explain it, it should be said that the proof naturally can be used after it has been modified a bit.

It is stated that:

\begin{align} \frac{\sin(x)}{x} & {} = \left(1 - \frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1 - \frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\left(1 - \frac{x}{3\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{3\pi}\right) \cdots \\ \end{align} $$

Actually this is only true for $$x = n\cdot\pi$$ where $$n = \pm1, \pm2, \pm3, \dots\,$$ since both sides equals 0 (which has been mentioned earlier in the proof). Generally we have:

\begin{align} \frac{\sin(x)}{x} & {} = a\cdot\left(1 - \frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1 - \frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\left(1 - \frac{x}{3\pi}\right)\left(1 + \frac{x}{3\pi}\right) \cdots \\ \end{align} $$

But as noted before the proof is still valid. It should just be noted that the following calculations in the proof only are valid for $$x = n\cdot\pi$$ where $$n = \pm1, \pm2, \pm3, \dots\,.$$.

I haven't changed the article since I want to be sure I'm not making a mistake, but if you agree then please correct it.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.211.210.23 (talk) 14:34, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

You are making a mistake. The formula is correct with a=1. The only problem is that Euler had no proof of this fact; it was compelling because it worked to solve the problem, but Euler died before the tools to prove it were developed. Nowadays this product expansion can be derived from Weierstrass's factorization theorem in complex analysis. 97.127.142.123 (talk) 06:36, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Flaw in Euler's method
The fact that sin(x)/x has zeroes at +/-(pi, 2pi, 3pi, ...) doesn't mean sin(x)/x can be expressed as the product of terms in the form (1 - x/pi).

Maybe I'm missing something here but when you express a finite polynomial in terms of its linear factors (which is the assumption Euler is making here and the basis of his proof), it is of the form: (x - root1)(x-root2)...

x-pi is not the same as 1-x/pi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.182.194.195 (talk) 15:01, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

 * For a polynomial of degree n with roots z1, z2, ..., zn; p(z) = a (z-z1) (z-z2) ... (z-zn) -- that is, the polynomial is determined by its roots only up to a constant multiple. When 0 is not a root we can equally write p(z) = b (1-z/z1) (1-z/z2) ... (1-z/zn) where b = a (-z1) (-z2) ... (-zn).  This form has its advantages, one being that b = p(0). -- ToET 16:45, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Proof through Complex Analysis
Isn't there a proof which uses complex analysis for the same? --Hirak 99 (talk) 08:53, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * There's a proof using complex analysis already in the article, as the first proof: Basel_problem. For many other proofs, see Robin Chapman's collection, also linked in the article. Shreevatsa (talk) 09:01, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

wouldt it be...
would it be too dare if someone (including me) could add the "folklore" ? it is about some other sum of reciprocals' solved problem :)

--kmath (talk) 02:33, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

broken link
Euler's solution of the Basel problem – the longer story PDF (61.7 KB) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.86.236.127 (talk) 20:51, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

the record holder's rectangles area will always be greater than the ideal rectangle - citation needed
"Because π is a transcendental number, the record holder's rectangles area will always be greater than the ideal rectangle."

What's the source for this? I don't see how π being transcendental, i.e. not a solution to an algebraic equation - implies that a well defined packing algorithm has to be greater than the ideal rectangle. For instance is easy to write out a program that can print out all the digits of π one after another. That a number is transcendental doesn't normally have much by way of implications for computability. Am going to add a citation needed tag to this. If it is "obvious" for some reason do explain and add some hint to the text to help readers who don't get it. Thanks! Robert Walker (talk) 18:26, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

 * A transcendental number has the implication of not being able to be computable exactly only approximately. Because of this, "the record holder's rectangles area will always be greater than the ideal rectangle". Even if you find pi to 10^1000 digits it is only approximately correct (the 10^1000 + n digit number would yet to be found). 98.95.5.178 (talk) 02:59, 11 September 2014 (UTC)
 * This is as confused as the sentence in the article. Either we have a proof that the rectangle with the exact area can be packed or we don't. If we do have such a proof, then there is a packing that is NOT greater than the ideal area. If we don't have such a proof, then any packing we do have uses greater area. This would be true regardless of whether the number in question were rational, algebraic, or transcendental. And whether or not such a packing exists is also different than whether the packing is computable. Additionally, transcendental numbers such as π are no more computable or uncomputable than rational numbers like 1/3 — neither is exactly representable in binary but both can be computed easily to arbitrarily high precision. In short, I agree with Robertinventor that being transcendental doesn't have much to do with the inequality between known and ideal packings. I think we should just remove this sentence. —David Eppstein (talk) 03:19, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

Removed square packing section
I removed the section on square packing. It was poorly written (see above comments) and had nothing to do with the subject of the article anyway.24.144.122.240 (talk) 19:22, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Formatting per WP:MSM and WP:MOSMATH
I see in your second revert message a correct point, and will fix the italicized use of trig functions. However, that was a secondary point of the edit, and your revert "throws out the baby with the bath water" by reverting instead of editing and consulting. Do you object to the entire edit or just the use of itallics for the trig functions? —Boruch Baum (talk) 13:08, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * The edit that I reverted replaced \sin with .  Yes, I object to this edit in its entirety.   S ławomir  Biały  13:19, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * And would you care to share with anyone why may that be? —Boruch Baum (talk) 13:23, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * It is a clear and unambiguous violation of our manual of style, and basically all mathematics typesetting conventions in existence. Trigonometric functions are always typeset in roman case.  But really the point of WP:BRD is that the onus is on you to justify the edit.  I've already given my answer (WP:MSM).  You need to say why ignoring the manual of style is justified.   S ławomir  Biały  13:31, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * You don't seem to be paying much attention either to what you are doing or what I have been saying, so let me try again. My edit primarily was a fix to excess vertical whitespace on the page (as was explicitly documented in the edit description, which you apparently ignored). You reverted a lot of work because you found a minor quibble with itallics that I have already agreed (above) to fix (maybe you didn't read the first sentence of the first paragraph of this thread). Before I continue to edit the page to comply with your correct point about the use of itallics, let me know what other objections you have with the edit, so that the main point of the edit can remain. As a general matter, if you re-read and think about what you've written, I think you'll come to agree that its neither sufficient nor courteous to cite a huge multi-faceted page as a source of objection without a specific description of your specific objection. —Boruch Baum (talk) 13:39, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Also, please use the replyto when adding to this thread, so that I receive notification of your new addition. —Boruch Baum (talk) 13:46, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Ok, which parts of this edit do you wish to discuss? Please be specific.  The only thing I see in that diff is replacing \sin and \cos with  and  .  Also, I've pointed you to the specific paragraph WP:MOSMATH.  This is the entire reason that I object to each and every part of the edit that I reverted.  I don't see any other part of that edit that I would even need another more nuanced explanation.  But, even if so, in making large-scale typographical changes, the onus is ordinarily on the editor proposing the change to get consensus first.  Per WP:MSM:
 * Large scale formatting changes to an article or group of articles are likely to be controversial. One should not change formatting boldly from LaTeX to HTML, nor from non-LaTeX to LaTeX without a clear improvement. Proposed changes should generally be discussed on the talk page of the article before implementation. If there will be no positive response, or if planned changes affect more than one article, consider notifying an appropriate Wikiproject, such as WP:WikiProject Mathematics for mathematical articles.
 * --  S ławomir Biały  13:49, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

Now we're getting somewhere. Great. Take a look at the consequences of the change and you'll see that what it accomplishes is that it GREATLY tightens the vertical white space between the numerator of the fraction and the fraction horizontal line. That is the objective of the edit, and that is what was meant by the edit comment "reduce numerator vertical spacing". If you take a look at the version before I started my edits, you'll see that there is problem with the vertical spacing of all fractions in which a trig function appears, compared to a simple fraction. The issue of italics is something that I agree with you on, and am prepared to commit to fix, but do you really want that huge vertical and inconsistent whitespace between the types of fractions? —Boruch Baum (talk) 14:13, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I am not seeing the vertical whitespace problems you're having. That suggests that perhaps this is something best fixed by checking your preferences and browser configuartaion, rather than make changes that go against MoS. It isn't just the italics, but the display of the inline Greek letters.  Please use either math tags or the template Template:Math.  S ławomir  Biały  14:42, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, if you're telling me that you don't have the problem, I'm willing to take that on good faith, deduce from your report that my rendering engine is the issue (though that would be strange as its a standard and up-to-date version of Firefox), and remove the objection to reverting the edits I've made. —Boruch Baum (talk) 15:08, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

Basilea Problem
Please add a link to this from "Basilea Problem". John G Hasler (talk) 18:53, 25 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Google scholar finds zero hits for that phrase, and Google books finds no credible hits. Are you sure it's a standard variant of the name? —David Eppstein (talk) 19:10, 25 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Basilea is the Italian name for Basel, apparently. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 19:11, 25 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Ok, but "problem" is not the Italian word for "problem", Basel is not in the Italian part of Switzerland, and this is not the Italian version of Wikipedia (where the title of the corresponding article is "Problema di Basilea"). —David Eppstein (talk) 19:55, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

Recent addition
The primary problem with adding this proof is that there's no source for it. It's a cute approach, and one I hadn't actually run across before. But there are already a few proofs in here, and we could add at least 10 more. I'm not sure if it really benefits the article to just catalog proof after proof. On a side note, if you're interested in contributing more to math articles, please also see especially MOS:MATH (and the rest of the page, too). Constructions like "Let's ..." are problematic. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 15:00, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your correction. I replaced this time the problematic constructions. I also published the source. It is Euler's first rigorous proof (and second proof) of the theorem. As a result, I believe that it is worth mentionning it in the article. Moreover, it is a relatively short proof. The French wikipedia page refers to it.(see line 13 and "4 La démonstration d'Euler"). Since it is a proof made by Euler, I think that an English source exists. If someone finds it, please replace the French source. December 6 2019 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Contribute.Math (talk • contribs) 16:31, 6 December 2019 (UTC) Contribute.Math (talk) 16:58, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Please WP:INDENT and WP:SIGN your posts with 4 tildes ( ~ ). See H:TP for more information.  WP:Wikipedia is not a reliable source.  They do in fact give a source, and it's similar to, but different from what you've added.  In fact, I found some notes from a talk which credit this proof to a note by Boo Rim Choe in the American Mathematical Monthly in 1987 (see #7).  I haven't looked up the original, but if the credit is valid, it wouldn't have the historical significance that you're claiming, and we can probably skip it.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 16:49, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The proof has the historical significance that I claim. I found the reference from Euler that proves this fact. As you said, there is a slight difference between Euler proof and the one that I presented. But I chose this proof because it uses the famous and familiar Wallis' integrals.
 * A single integration by substitution u = sin(t) is needed to connect the two proofs. The second exact Euler proof is currently available on https://lemoid.wordpress.com/ Contribute.Math
 * One more time, please indent and sign your posts. WP:PINGs will not work if you don't sign your post.  I found a source for the version of the proof you're trying to add, and it's not directly due to Euler.  There's probably room to add a short discussion of what Euler did; I think the Sandifer source would be good for that.  Please slow down and discuss things before continuing to try to re-add material over objections; again, see WP:BRD.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 22:27, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry for the technical problems(Identation, signing the posts). I'm new on Wikipedia. I will no longer modify the article before we make a consensus since you insist on this principle. Can you tell me more about the source which shows that the proof was no directly due to Euler ? During my researches, I found many sources that show that the proof was due to Euler. If the proof is not his, then one can just write in the Wikipedia article that he was the first who published it. Here are the sources I mentioned : https://www.apmep.fr/IMG/pdf/Article_probleme_Bale.pdf (pp 17-19), https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probl%C3%A8me_de_B%C3%A2le#La_d%C3%A9monstration_d'Euler, http://eulerarchive.maa.org/hedi/HEDI-2004-03.pdf (The Sandifer article you mentioned) , https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5a8a/5a18e10917d364b61282eb76fd57024bdc0d.pdf How Euler could have used Information & Communication Technology, National institute of Education Singapore (See p.3) Other references are mentionned in the same page. (p.3) Contribute.Math (talk) 10:11, 7 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Deacon Vorbis, you deleted the last version of the paragraph that I am trying to add, ignoring my last message on this talk page. I find your attitude disrespectful. Indeed, I have been waiting for an answer for more than two weeks on this talk page. As you were not replying, I chose to add the paragraph again, two times. You deleted it two times, without explaining clearly your arguments. Please answer to my messages on this page so that we avoid edit warring. As I said before, please show me the source that you found that shows that the proof is not directly due to Euler. I mentioned four different sources on the article that show that the proof was published by Euler. As I said before, if the proof is not his, then one can just write in the Wikipedia article that he was the first who published it. If you think this is not true neither, one can simply say that he published it. The references that I mentioned in this article prove this fact. Note that in the first paragraph of the article's page, it is written that "it was not until 1741 that he was able to produce a truly rigorous proof". You said that the proof I added was not Euler's proof. If you read carefully the following articles ( https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/~reznick/sandifer.pdf, https://www.apmep.fr/IMG/pdf/Article_probleme_Bale.pdf , https://lemoid.wordpress.com/2014/03/12/basel-problem-arcsin-x-solution/ ), you will notice that the proof I published is exactly Euler's one. I redacted it in a modern style to make it more readable. The modern style enabled me to use modern mathematical rigour. You also said the paragraph is "full of formating issues". Can you tell me what issues you are talking about ? I will try to do something, but you are welcome to fix those issues if you can, since it is a collaborative work.Contribute.Math (talk) 10:25, 22 December 2019 (UTC)

What you've presented was not what was directly due to Euler. Euler's proof also wasn't fully rigorous, because of issues with the interchange of the integrals and sum. It's not up to you to fill in this part; that counts as WP:OR. We also don't need to give the full details here. What we do is to give a short blurb describing what Euler did at the end of the "Euler's approach" section, sourced to Sandifer. Maybe something like:

This is just a basic attempt at something, and it can certainly be tweaked. But it fills in the information without getting bogged down in the details. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 15:40, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * This is a good time to remember that we're here to write an encyclopedia, not a textbook. It is often better for our purposes to summarize a proof concisely in prose, rather than to step through it equation-by-equation. Accordingly, 's suggestion here is reasonable. XOR'easter (talk) 18:23, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree to delete most details, but not the key details. Otherwise, the reader may not be able to do the proof himself if he wants to. Here is what I would write:

 * The two last lines may be WP:OR since they contain an original reasoning. However, I think they can be accepted. Indeed, there are two references to other wikipedia pages. Thanks to them, the reader can verify the reasoning with relative ease. (See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:These_are_not_original_research#calculations ) If the two last lines are not accepted, then other paragraphs present in the article such as "A rigorous proof using Fourier series" should not be accepted neither since they contain original reasoning two. --Contribute.Math (talk) 19:31, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * This is still too much, and my previous suggestion still stands. You'll have to understand that I do other things here, and I'd just gotten really tired of discussing this.  Among other things, deducing the value of the series from the value of the series with just the odd terms is fairly elementary and doesn't even need to be given in any detail.  Adding in one extra little bit to say what the LHS equals, and what the series expansion of the RHS is along with the resulting value of each term would be okay, but that's really about it.  I'll try to get to that at some point today, but I'm working on other stuff here too. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 18:46, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

Feedback
Noice article 2001:56A:7C52:D300:884B:E679:8F43:9722 (talk) 01:58, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

The 6th note references a product up to n of k, but the expression does not have a k in it.
The 6th note references a product up to n of k, but the expression does not have a k in it. 146.95.224.227 (talk) 18:49, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Basel problem


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 11

 * 1713 - War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War): Treaty of Utrecht
 * 1775 - Last execution for witchcraft in Germany
 * 1814 - Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
 * 1868 - The Shogunate is abolished in Japan
 * 1888 - The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam is inaugurated.
 * 1899 - Spain cedes Puerto Rico to the United States
 * 1921 - First sports broadcast on the radio
 * 1945 - World War II: United States forces liberate Buchenwald concentration camp
 * 1947 - Jackie Robinson is the first African American to play in a modern-day Major League Baseball game
 * 1951 - Korean War: President Harry S. Truman relieves General Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea
 * 1968 - Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

2012 notes

 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Buchenwald concentration camp; Civil Rights Act of 1968
 * Omitted: Uganda–Tanzania War
 * Included: Battle of Ceresole (first appearance); Australia 31–0 American Samoa (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (4th consecutive appearance, 4 total); SMS Blücher (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total); Transjordan (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total); Jessica Dubroff (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)
 * Note: I must have been really tired or something, because normally I wouldn't have kept in so many repeats. — howcheng  {chat} 15:58, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:16, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814); SMS Blücher; Transjordan; Jessica Dubroff; Australia 31–0 American Samoa
 * Included: Nevill Ground (first appearance; 100th anniversary); Buchenwald concentration camp (7th appearance, last in 2010); President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur (first appearance); Uganda–Tanzania War (2nd appearance, last in 2011)
 * Repeats: Battle of Ceresole (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:34, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Transjordan (maintenance); 1986 FBI Miami shootout
 * Omitted: Battle of Ceresole; Nevill Ground; Buchenwald concentration camp; President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur; Uganda–Tanzania War
 * Included: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (5th appearance, last in 2012; 200th anniversary); Concertgebouw (4th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Kashmir Princess (first appearance); Civil Rights Act of 1968 (first appearance); 2011 Minsk Metro bombing (first appearance)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:34, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Tel Aviv (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814); Kashmir Princess; Civil Rights Act of 1968; 2011 Minsk Metro bombing
 * Included: Battle of Ceresole (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Emirate of Transjordan (4th appearance, last in 2012; rescued from Ineligible); Buchenwald concentration camp (8th appearance, last in 2013; 70th anniversary); Pacem in terris (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Concertgebouw (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:00, 10 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Kashmir Princess (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Concertgebouw; Emirate of Transjordan; Buchenwald concentration camp (ineligible—maintenance); Pacem in terris
 * Included: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (6th appearance, last in 2014); Nevill Ground (2nd appearance, last in 2013); President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Jessica Dubroff (3rd appearance, last in 2012)
 * Repeats: Battle of Ceresole (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:15, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Concertgebouw (maintenance); Civil Rights Act of 1968 (maintenance); Uganda–Tanzania War (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Nevill Ground; President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur; Jessica Dubroff
 * Included: SMS Blücher (3rd appearance, last in 2012); Emirate of Transjordan (5th appearance, last in 2015); 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (5th appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible); Llywelyn the Great (first appearance); Christopher Smart (first appearance); Ewelina Hańska (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Battle of Ceresole (3rd consecutive appearance, 5 total); Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total)
 * Suggested addition: 1968 - assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke, the most prominent leader of the German student movement, by anti-communist Josef Bachman. Dutschke survived but died 11 years later as a result of health problems caused by his injuries. pseudonym Jake Brockman talk 10:07, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, one of the section is lacking in references, which makes the article ineligible for inclusion. — howcheng  {chat} 16:00, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * thanks for checking. I have added some references which help support the section. One is an article from the Washington Post, one from the German Spiegel (which was actually one of the journals he was opposing at the time. The third is from a Biography written by his former wife. I hope this helps. pseudonym Jake Brockman talk 18:26, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I added citation needed tags to statements I felt needed to be cited. If you can supply those, you will be good to go. Thanks. — howcheng  {chat} 18:38, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * done. Some are in German or Danish unfortunately. I removed one section which seems unencyclopaedic (mentions of his name in popular culture - this is not really sourced well and seems somewhat off-topic). pseudonym Jake Brockman talk 19:40, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Non-English sources are not a problem. Good work! — howcheng  {chat} 02:11, 10 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Having slept on it, I'd suggest a change to the teaser text. I think the most notable outcome is not his death 11 years later, but the assassination attempt being the catalyst for the biggest wave of (sometimes violent) street protests in German history to that date.pseudonym Jake Brockman talk 06:33, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:55, 11 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Ceresole; SMS Blücher; Emirate of Transjordan; 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt; Llywelyn the Great (ineligible—maintenance); Christopher Smart; Ewelina Hańska
 * Included: Nevill Ground (3rd appearance, last in 2016); Rudi Dutschke (first appearance; 50th anniversary); Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (first appearance; 25th anniversary); Anawrahta (first appearance); Arthur Shrewsbury (first appearance); Joseph Merrick (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (3rd consecutive appearance, 8 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:09, 11 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Peace of Utrecht (actually restored from accidental deletion); Civil Rights Act of 1968
 * Omitted: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814); Nevill Ground; Rudi Dutschke; Southern Ohio Correctional Facility; Anawrahta; Arthur Shrewsbury; Joseph Merrick
 * Included: Battle of the Basque Roads (first appearance); Concertgebouw (6th appearance, last in 2015; rescued from Ineligible); Emirate of Transjordan (6th appearance, last in 2017); Pacem in terris (2nd appearance, last in 2015); Australia 31–0 American Samoa (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Edward Wightman (first appearance); Ferdinand Lassalle (first appearance); Kurt Vonnegut (first appearance)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 20:45, 12 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Civil Rights Act of 1968 (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Romanos III Argyros; Percy Lavon Julian
 * Omitted: Battle of the Basque Roads; Concertgebouw; Emirate of Transjordan; Pacem in terris; Australia 31–0 American Samoa; Edward Wightman; Ferdinand Lassalle; Kurt Vonnegut
 * Included: Battle of Mohi (2nd appearance, last in 2008; rescued from Ineligible); Peace of Utrecht (4th appearance, last in 2010); Nevill Ground (4th appearance, last in 2018); Fall of Kampala (first appearance; blurb previously featured Uganda–Tanzania War, which has been moved to June 3, and is making its 3rd appearance, last in 2013; rescued from Ineligible); Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Stephen IV of Hungary (first appearance); Edward Everett (first appearance); Trevor Linden (first appearance; 50th birthday)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:27, 13 April 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Borussia Dortmund team bus bombing
 * Omitted: Battle of Mohi; Peace of Utrecht; Nevill Ground; Fall of Kampala; Southern Ohio Correctional Facility; Stephen IV of Hungary; Edward Everett; Trevor Linden
 * Included: Battle of Ceresole (6th appearance, last in 2017); Concertgebouw (7th appearance, last in 2019); Emirate of Transjordan (7th appearance, last in 2019; 100th anniversary); Relief of Douglas MacArthur (3rd appearance, last in 2016; 70th anniversary); Australia 31–0 American Samoa (3rd appearance, last in 2019); Ramadan ibn Alauddin (first appearance); Charles Evans Hughes (first appearance); Bunny Ahearne (first appearance)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:58, 12 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Ceresole; Concertgebouw; Emirate of Transjordan; Relief of Douglas MacArthur; Australia 31–0 American Samoa; Ramadan ibn Alauddin; Charles Evans Hughes; Bunny Ahearne
 * Included: Battle of Mohi (3rd appearance, last in 2020); Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) (9th appearance, last in 2018); Nevill Ground (5th appearance, last in 2020); 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (6th appearance, last in 2017; 20th anniversary); Christopher Smart (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 300th birthday); Percy Lavon Julian (first appearance); Muhammad Kamaruzzaman (first appearance)


text:
Yelena Kondakova

Yelena Vladimirovna Kondakova (Елена Владимировна Кондакóва; born 30 March 1957) is the third Soviet or Russian female cosmonaut to travel to space and the first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight. Her first trip into space was on Soyuz TM-20 on 4 October 1994. She returned to Earth on 22 March 1995, after a five-month stay at the Mir space station. Kondakova's second flight was as a mission specialist on the United States Space Shuttle Atlantis during mission STS-84 in May 1997. She was the last Russian woman in space until her successor cosmonaut Elena Serova flew to the International Space Station (ISS) on 25 September 2014.

Personal life
Kondakova was born in Mytishchi in the Moscow Oblast of Russia, but grew up near Kaliningrad, Moscow Oblast, with an older brother. In 1973 she graduated from high school in Kaliningrad. In 1980 she graduated from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, where she specialized in production of aircraft. Kondakova's parents both worked at Energia, and her father was concerned about her taking on role as cosmonaut because he was well aware of the dangers involved. Since 1980, she worked as an engineer in the 113th department of NPO Energia (since 1994 - Rocket and Space Corporation Energia named after S.P. Korolev), where she was an employee of the Main Operational Control Group. She was engaged in the long-term planning of space flights and training personnel to work in emergencies, worked on implementing scientific projects and experiments, and carried out research. In 1982-1985, she was a member of the flight control group of the Salyut 7 space station.

She married fellow cosmonaut Valeri Ryumin in 1985 and has one daughter with him. In the same year, she began training and studying the Soyuz-TM spacecraft. She joined the USSR cosmonaut corps 1989.

Kondakova's first flight into space began on 4 October 1994 as a flight engineer on the Soyuz TM-20 expedition. She returned to Earth on 22 March 1995 after a 5-month flight on the Mir orbital station. Kondakova was the first woman to make a long flight into space.

During her first excursion into space, her husband Valery would often complain about how he desired a more traditional wife who would take care of the home and family. While Kondakova was away in space during this time, Energia appointed Ryumin to work from home and take care of his daughter until Kondakova's return.

In August 1996, Kondakova trained at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, United States.

Kondakova's second space flight was as a specialist on the American Space Shuttle Atlantis as part of the STS-84 expedition from 15-24 May 1997, under the program of the sixth docking with the Mir orbital station.

Kondakova retired from the cosmonaut corps of RSC Energia on 30 December 1999 due to her election as a deputy of the State Duma. From 1999 to 2003, she was a Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 3rd Convocation from the Fatherland - All Russia party. From 2003 to 2011, she was Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 4th and 5th convocations from the United Russia party. In 2006 she graduated from the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.

On 16 August 2011, Kondakova announced her withdrawal from United Russia due to her disagreement with the results of the August intra-party elections.

"People were given sheets with the numbers of people for whom it was necessary to vote; when counting the ballots, it turned out that there were more of them than people on the site. United Russia's primaries are an economically inexpedient game of democracy. I realize that my announcement means the end of my political career..."

From 27 March 2012 to 2018, Kondakova was a Trade Representative of the Russian Federation in Switzerland.

== Space statistics ==

Honors

 * Hero of the Russian Federation

title: Yelena Kondakova


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/Table History

First table

Wikified, new color, new categories

Smaller text, new categories


text:
Talk:Scalability

Added paragraphs
I added three paragraphs. I hope it's not too verbose. Maybe scalability should be described as expandability, and ability to load balance or maintain performance despite difference in resources and added load?

Scalability: controlling for costs
Every problem takes certain resources to solve: in software engineering as in many areas these are labour (including skills, knowledge), capital goods and time. There are also various parameters for success, including system performance, system complexity (maintainability), system flexibility, financial cost, etc.

Scalability is the ability to change the system so as to benefit one or more of the parameters by increasing the resource input in a chosen mix.

What that mix might be will vary according to the situation: in the dot-com boom people were fixated on being first to market, and were willing to throw capital good and labour at any problem to achieve increased system performance (i.e. to cope with more users) but demanded that absolutely the minimum time should elapse before the the next release. When that bubble burst, time, performance and flexibility (the ability to do new, unforeseen things) became much less of a factor, but financial cost, labour, capital goods and maintainability became seen as much more important.

A scalable system is therefore one that allows (in the first case) more people and money to be thrown at the problem to achieve greater performance and capability very rapidly or (in the second case) people and money to be taken away without seriously impacting on the current performance or causing a failure of maintainability; this latter is "scaling down". A system is commonly said to be "not scalable" if it performs poorly in this regard.

A system that scales well according to the assumptions at its original design time, and also has sufficient flexibility to scale well when the controlling paradigm changes dramatically, is either a careful compromise (and so not highly optimised for its original design goals) or is a work of rare genuis.Msahutty 00:40, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I'm responding to the "Dubious" tag, where virtualization is considered "almost always" less expensive than adding new computing systems. Recently, a number of computers are quite hard to expand, yet have a low initial cost. Kenneth Parker, Seattle, WA [User:sea7kenp]  04:11 4 Dec 2012 (PST)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sea7kenp (talk • contribs)

Total throughput
I changed the definition to describe "total throughput" instead of "performance". The addition of resources to a scalable system increases the total amount of work done in a unit of time, but individual users may not see an improvement in performance (and may even see degradation).

IS THERE AN IMAGE
to illustrate the "vertical" and "horizontal" scaling part? A simple xy graph would work. Erudecorp 03:24, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Since Scale is being treated as a VERB here, it begs for the Wiktionary entry be to be expanded.
Scale is traditionally a noun. Scale is what fat people are afraid of. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.177.32.229 (talk) 02:23, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Black Swan
I moved the section on the Black Swan. If this is included, it should not be in the intro. I wonder if it should be included at all, but as I have an allergy for gurus (especially management gurus!) and their name dropping, it is better that more objective people decide. Klungel (talk) 11:56, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it should be removed. --Sydius (talk) 22:15, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Then you shouldn't include Bondi as reference, met him, he consists only of management and has ideas to measure some data which where already measured... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.138.39.56 (talk) 10:43, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

scalability
Scalability - Had to add that definition to my spelling checker... Scalability intrinsically implies not only increases in dimensions, but also decreases in dimensions. Is there another section that deals with decreasing dimensions, i.e. decreasing X, Y, Z. For something to be truly scale able it would seem that it would scale in both directions. Or even a combination of whatever scales apply. Technology (imo) should not concentrate only in the direction demand goes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikicadger (talk • contribs) 01:52, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

scalable algorithms
A comment about the line on quadratic growth in the third paragraph of introductory section: if n is the size of the input, then the _algorithm's runtime_ (e.g., the number of comptutations required) should be less than n^2. right now it says that n should grow slower than n^2, which doesn't make any sense. Phuf (talk) 22:09, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Scalability