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Talk:75 (number)

Untitled
Should some reference to Freemasons be made here? -- Cimon Avaro on a pogostick 15:10, Feb 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * No... it's not an important number to Freemasonry. Blueboar 17:02, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Bingo names -
Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Numbers for a centralized discusion as to whether Bingo names should be included in thiese articles. Arthur Rubin (alternate) (talk) 23:35, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Municipal Okrugs of Saint Petersburg
Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Numbers for a centralized discusion as to whether Municipal Okrugs of Saint Petersburg should be included in these pages. Certes (talk) 11:57, 4 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:75 (number)


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Aldbury

Aldbury is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, near the borders of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire in the Bulbourne valley of the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The nearest towns are Tring and Berkhamsted. Uphill from the narrow valley are the Bridgewater monument and the Ashridge Estate, a country estate owned and managed by the National Trust.

Aldbury is designated as a conservation area, with most of the land surrounding the village unaltered since the late medieval period. The village is a popular filming location, retaining several archetypical historical features: in the centre is a green and pond; close by stand well-preserved stocks and a whipping-post, and the Church of Saint John the Baptist.

The village has a lively community life, including a number of local societies and clubs. Residents are kept updated on village events through the Aldbury Outlook, a magazine published by local residents ten times a year. It has a village shop and post office, two pubs, three cafés, a Church of England primary school, a sports ground and tennis court, as well as the nearby Stocks Golf Club.

Aldbury's picturesque setting and proximity to Tring railway station makes it one of the most desirable places to live in Hertfordshire. It has been referred to as a "chocolate-box" village due to its traditional appearance.

History
The manor was recorded as Aldeberie in the 1086 Domesday Book. The public house, "The Valiant Trooper", served as an ale house for centuries, the first traceable evidence dated to 1752. The wooded slope towards the Bridgewater Monument is one of the steepest ascents in Hertfordshire, crowned by a ridge at one of the five highest elevations in the county. Monuments in the church witness the importance of certain manorial families including the family of Sir Ralph Verney (1546), who have the northern chapel in the church, and the similarly landed family of Thomas Hyde (1570) and his son George (1580). Aldbury was the home of Sir Guy de Gravade, known as the Wizard of Aldbury, who was reputed to be able to turn base metals into gold.

To the northwest of Aldbury, Aldbury Nowers forms part of the Chiltern Hills. It is traversed by The Ridgeway ancient tracks and by two sections of Grim's Ditch, a linear earthwork dating from the Iron Age.

Etymology
The name 'Aldbury' is derived from the Old English ald (old) burh (fortification).

Aldbury Manor
In the time of Edward the Confessor Aldbury Manor was held by Alwin, a thegn of the king, and by 1086 was in the hands of Robert, Count of Mortain. Throughout most of the Norman period the manor was held "of the honour" (with part rent due to) of the manor of Berkhamsted. Various lower nobles followed until it was held in the 1530s under a Dynham family trust by a wife of William Fitzwilliam (Sheriff of London). Shares created became acquired by John Hyde of Hyde, Dorset an officer of the Court of Exchequer who had a lease of the manor and died in 1545. In 1665, Sir Thomas Hyde, whose family had held the main manor for more than 100 years, died leaving the estate to his only daughter, Bridget. She married Peregrine Osborne, 2nd Duke of Leeds; whose family held the estate until Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds sold it to Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater. After further subdivision, the remaining manor descended to Francis Henry, ninth and last earl of Bridgewater, whose widow held it for life. At her death, it passed to John Hume Cust, Viscount Alford, eldest son of the first Earl Brownlow, and so finally to the 3rd Earl in 1867. He died in 1921 without leaving an heir (at which point the earldom and viscountcy became extinct). The lordship of the manor appears then to have passed to his second cousin, Adelbert, the 5th Baron and 8th Baronet Brownlow (d.1927); as in 1935, the then Lord of the Manor, Lord Brownlow (presumably Adelbert's son, the 6th Baron (9th Bart) Brownlow, d.1978), is reported to have conveyed "by deed of gift" the village green to the Aldbury Parish Council. A few of the court rolls of the manor are held at the Public Record Office, now part of the National Archives).

Stocks House or Stocks Manor (anciently la Stok)
Landowner William de Mandeville held land at "la Stock' in Aldbury around 1176–1177. Records exist of a Henry de Bohun who was a knight in the service of King Henry III's son, Prince Edward, and uncle of Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and of Essex. In 1277–1278, the men of Stocks were ordered to come de Bohun's view of frankpledge at Amersham (Agmondesham) in Buckinghamshire. In 1278 de Bohun was granted the manors of Amersham and Nuthampstead by his nephew Humphrey.  Henry may be the same Sir Henry de Bohun who was killed at the Battle of Bannockburn by the Scottish king Robert the Bruce in 1214. The land at Stocks belonged to a  John de la Stock, who died in 1270. Records of feudal duties show that the land was held by a Master Henry Sampson in 1273. The last mention of Stocks until the 17th century appears when Philip de Aylesbury granted a piece of land called Stockyngge to William de Dunhamstede in 1318.

After a gap there are references from the 17th century of the land being in the possession of Robert Duncombe, an ancestor of the Lords Feversham. In 1773, Arnold Duncombe built a new house, Stocks House. The estate then passed successively to the Hayton, Whitbread and Gordon families.

An heir to the Stocks estate, James Adam Gordon (d.1854), was a friend of the Scottish author Sir Walter Scott, and it is reputed that the writer visited Gordon at Stocks House. Gordon's widow, Emma Katherine, married the politician Richard Bright, who died at Stocks in 1878. Emma Katherine died in 1891, and left the estate to Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey, as a descendant of Samuel Whitbread. He shortly afterwards sold the house, as all that remained, to the author Mary Augusta Ward, whose husband was also a writer, Thomas Humphry Ward. While the Wards lived at Stocks, it became a bustling literary salon, welcoming leading intellectuals and writers of the day, including their nephews Aldous Huxley and Julian Huxley, their son-in-law George Macaulay Trevelyan, and Eric Blair (George Orwell). Mary Ward died in 1920 and Stocks was inherited by her son, politician Arnold Ward.

In 1944, Stocks was turned into a girls' school. Stocks House achieved some notoriety when in 1972 it was purchased by Victor Lownes, an owner of Playboy magazine, who hosted lavish, rowdy parties there, staffed by scantily-clad bunny girls. The parties were attended by a number of celebrities of the day including Peter Cook, John Cleese, Christopher Reeve, Jack Nicholson, Keith Moon and Tony Curtis. After Lownes's death, the house was sold and became a hotel and golf course. Today it is the home of racehorse trainer Walter Swinburn.

Launcelene's Manor
This consisted of 70 acres of general land, 3 acres of meadow and 5 shillings rent and was held in 1361 of the heir of Roger Launcelene in free socage for the service of one pair of white gauntlets. John, son of William Aignel, died seised of this manor in 1361 and from this time it appears to have descended with the manor of Pendley in Tring.

Cherrywicke Manor (reputed as a manor)
Robert Dogget bought land in Aldbury from Edward Verney in 1557, described as a manor in 1615, Edward Dogget sold the actual manor to Francis Bellingham, though parcels near the churchlands were held by John Dogget in 1638.

1954 Valetta accident
On 6 January 1954, a Royal Air Force Vickers Valetta twin-engine training aircraft crashed at Tom's Hill, just south of the village. Of the 17 airmen on board, 16 were killed.

Parish Church
The Parish Church of Saint John the Baptist is of Early English style. In 1203 the church was granted to the Canons of the Priory of St. Mary, Missenden by William de Brocland. Parts of the chancel and nave are 13th century in origin, thought to be part of an older Romanequse church which was enlarged in the 14th century. The church was restored in 1866–1867 by W. Browning, who removed two Romanesque arches from the north arcade of the nave and dressed the exterior in flint rubble masonry and totternhoe Stone.

The church is noted for the Pendley Chapel, also known as the Verney Chapel, an ornate memorial chapel which is located at the east end of the nave. It was installed here in 1575 but its origins are much older; Edmund Verney had the tomb moved here from the dissolved monastery of Ashridge and enclosed it in an ornate stone parclose screen, also brought from Ashridge. The floor is covered in medieval encaustic tiles. The small chapel contains a carved stone recumbent tomb of Sir Robert Whittingham (d.1471), a nobleman who was slain at the battle of Tewkesbury (illustrated below). He is depicted in plate armour lying next to his wife. At his feet lies a wild man, a mythical creature covered in hair, and a hind lies at his wife's feet. On the wall is a later monument to Sir Richard Anderson (1635–1699) of Pendley Manor and to his wife Elizabeth (1631–1698), sister of George, Viscount Hewwett. The Anderson are represented as a pair of busts surrounded by marble pilasters surmounted by a segmental pediment.

The church also contains memorials of the Hides and Harcourts, families who left charities to the poor of the parish.

The Valiant Trooper
The 17th-century cottages that form the Trooper have served as alehouses for several centuries. The first traceable evidence dates back to 1752 when the pub – then known as The Royal Oak – was left in the will of one John Barnes. Its next owner was Isaac Dell Master, whose initials "ID" and the date "1769" can be seen carved in the brickwork alongside the main front window. The name changed to The Trooper Alehouse in 1803 – rumoured to be because the Duke of Wellington met his troops here to discuss tactics. In the 1970s, Playboy executive Victor Lownes was a regular customer at the Valiant Trooper. In 2023, the pub reopened after restoration as the Trooper, with an adjoining café opening in 2024.

Parish council
Aldbury Parish Council is the local administrative body and covers Aldbury village itself and the hamlet at Tring Station – in Saxon times, Aldbury lay in Dacorum, one of the Hundreds of Hertfordshire and in 1973, the Dacorum Borough of Hertfordshire providing recycling, ultimate planning authority and certain business and leisure services was created with Aldbury in it.

Transport
Tring railway station lies 1 mi west of the village, within the parish of Aldbury. West Midlands Trains run frequent passenger rail services southbound to London Euston and northbound to Milton Keynes Central.

Aldbury is served by the 387 bus route to Tring via the railway station.

Film and television
Aldbury is a popular location for films and television. Among film and television series scenes filmed in the village are:
 * Film:
 * 1947: Jassy (the last production by Gainsborough Pictures)
 * 1967: The Dirty Dozen (the scene at the beginning of the training exercise)
 * 1969: Crossplot  (last scene)
 * 1979: The Shillingbury Blowers (film) starring Robin Nedwell, Trevor Howard, Diane Keen
 * 1999: Parting Shots A movie directed by Michael Winner, starring Chris Rea and Felicity Kendal. Various scenes were shot opposite The Greyhound pub next to the village pond.
 * 1980: 'Hopscotch', starring Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson who meet beside the village pond towards the end of the film.
 * 2004: Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, the Greyhound pub (including a scene involving fox hunting cut from the cinema release but on DVD)
 * 2023: Lord of Misrule (film) starring Tuppence Middleton and Ralph Ineson
 * Television:
 * 1967: The Avengers, two episodes of the sixties TV series, episode "Dead Man's Treasure" town renamed "Swingingdale" original air date 21 October 1967 (UK). And the complete episode "Murdersville" renamed "Little Storping In-The-Swuff" original air date 11 November 1967 (UK)
 * Inspector Morse, the TV detective series, featured the pub
 * Shillingbury Tales series, filmed in 1980. The church, churchyard/graveyard and path to the primary school as well as the Greyhound pub also featured in a Dave Allen sketch (the race to the graveyard between two funeral parties)
 * National Lottery initial advertisements (despite the fact that the shop was unable to sell tickets at the time)
 * Marchlands
 * Midsomer Murders episodes "Written in Blood" and "Murder of Innocence"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aldbury


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Dmitri Sychev

Dmitri Yevgenyevich Sychev (Дми́трий Евге́ньевич Сычёв; born 26 October 1983) is a Russian professional football official and a former player who played as a forward or as a midfielder. He is the president of Irtysh Omsk. He was hailed by the international press as "The Russian Michael Owen", because of his pace, and was dubbed "the most sensational young Russian forward since Vladimir Beschastnykh". He was well known for his blinding pace and agility.

Early life
Sychev was born in Omsk, a city in south-central Russia. He spent his formative years at St. Petersburg's famous Smena football academy before joining FC Spartak Tambov, a second division club. At that time he played as a midfielder.

Spartak Moscow and Marseille
After having trials at clubs in FC Nantes and FC Metz, Sychev was picked up by Spartak Moscow in January 2002, where he scored eight goals in his first 12 matches, and it was during that time when he was transformed into a striker. With Spartak he reached the final of the 2002 Commonwealth of Independent States Cup. He scored 6 goals and finished second on the top scorer list, after coming in as a substitute in every match he played. He entered the symbolic top players list of the tournament.

In August 2002, Sychev announced he was quitting Spartak, by giving his employers three months' notice. Having already signed a five-year contract with the Russian club he was banned from football for four months by the Russian Professional Football League (RPFL).

After finishing this suspension, Sychev signed a five-year contract with Olympique de Marseille, rejecting an offer from Dynamo Kyiv. He was used as a midfielder, both left and right, but was usually a substitute during his time in France.

Lokomotiv Moscow
In late January 2004, Sychev returned to Russia to join Lokomotiv Moscow on a four-year contract. His transfer played a role in manager Yuri Syomin's decision to change the starting formation from 5–3–2 to 4–2–3–1 or 4–4–1–1, which would help Sychev form a strong attacking partnership with team's primary playmaker and captain Dmitri Loskov. He went on to claim the 2004 Russian Premier League title and the Russian Footballer of the Year award in his first season back in Russia, courtesy of his 15 goals and 4 assists in 27 league games. The following year, he continued his victorious streak with the club by winning the 2005 Russian Super Cup. However, in August 2005, he sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury and was forced to miss the rest of the year, which saw Lokomotiv dropping points in the closing stages of the league and eventually losing the title to CSKA Moscow. In May 2007, Sychev also won the 2006–07 Russian Cup. Sychev played mostly as a striker, except the period when Lokomotiv was coached by Anatoliy Byshovets and Rashid Rakhimov respectively. During those times, he was mainly employed as a midfielder. Sychev started playing again in his natural position with the appointment of Yury Syomin. In 2009, he was voted by Lokomotiv fans as the player of the season. In the 2012–13 season, under manager Slaven Bilić, Sychev lost his place in the line-up (only four games in the first half of season, including the national cup).

Loan spells
In March 2013, Sychev moved to Dinamo Minsk on loan until July of the same year.

In July 2013, after returning from Dinamo Minsk, Sychev moved to fellow Russian Premier League side Volga Nizhny Novgorod on a year-long loan deal. Sychev featured in 16 league games for Volga, failing to score in any of them, and returned to Lokomotiv Moscow at the end of the season following Volga's relegation to the Russian National Football League.

On 16 March 2015, Sychev moved to FC Okzhetpes on a season-long loan deal.

Pyunik
After over a year away from football, Sychev signed for FC Pyunik on 31 August 2019. On 6 December 2019, he left Pyunik by mutual consent having failed to make a first team appearance for the club. On 10 December 2019, he announced his retirement from playing.

International career
Sychev was selected to play for the Russian national team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where he became the youngest player to appear for the Soviet Union or Russia at 18 years and 222 days. In the event, he scored a goal and set up other three in an otherwise disappointing Russian campaign. This goal made him the fourth youngest goalscorer in the FIFA World Cup.

Sychev was called up to Russia's squad for UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Despite playing as a striker at Lokomotiv Moscow, during Guus Hiddink's stint with the Russian national team, he was used as a midfielder. He won his last cap in 2010.

Post-playing career
On 30 January 2024, Sychev was appointed president of his hometown club Irtysh Omsk in the third-tier Russian Second League.

Television
He appeared in the seventh season of ice show contest Ice Age.

Personal life
Besides football, Sychev is a fan of ice hockey and his hometown team Avangard Omsk. He also likes tennis and billiards. Outside of sports, he plays the guitar and was seen rapping at the MTV Russia Music Awards ceremony in Moscow with national teammate Diniyar Bilyaletdinov.

Aside from his native Russian, Sychev also speaks English, French, and plans to learn more.

In 2007, Sychev received a degree from the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism.

Sychev was in Danila Kozlovsky's directorial debut Coach which was released in 2018. Sychev portrayed Dodin, the player who scored the winning goal for his team.

International

 * Scores and results list Russia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Sychev goal.

Honours
Lokomotiv Moscow
 * Russian Premier League: 2004
 * Russian Cup: 2006–07
 * Russian Super Cup: 2005
 * Commonwealth of Independent States Cup: 2005

Russia
 * UEFA European Football Championship Bronze medal: 2008

Individual
 * Footballer of the Year in Russia (Sport-Express): 2004
 * Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol): 2004

title: Dmitri Sychev


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Bionicle

Bionicle (stylized all caps) is a line of Lego construction toys, marketed primarily towards 8-to-16-year-olds. The line originally launched in 2001 as a subsidiary of Lego's Technic series. Over the following decade, it became one of Lego's biggest-selling properties, turning into a franchise and being one of the many factors in saving the company from its financial crisis of the late 1990s. Despite a planned twenty-year tenure, the theme was discontinued in 2010, but was rebooted in 2015 for a further two years.

Unlike previous Lego themes, Bionicle was accompanied by an original story told across a multimedia spectrum. It depicts the exploits of the Toa, heroic biomechanical beings with innate elemental abilities whose duty is to maintain peace throughout their universe. Bionicle's success prompted subsequent Lego themes to use similar story-telling methods.

Concept
After suffering a decade-long downturn in the 1990s, the Lego Group went forward with the idea that a theme with a storyline behind it would appeal to consumers. Their first attempt was the space opera franchise Star Wars, which became an instant success; however, the royalty payments to Lucasfilm marginalized Lego's profits, prompting them to conceive their own story-driven themes, one of which would eventually become Bionicle.

The concept for Bionicle originated from an idea by co-creator Christian Faber named "Cybots", a line of humanoid action figures with attachable limbs and ball-and-socket joints. Faber recalled: "I was sitting with Lego Technic and thought I would love to build a character instead of a car. I thought of this biological thing: The human body is built from small parts into a functional body just like a model. What if you got a box full of spare parts and built a living thing?". He pitched the idea to Lego, but was initially implemented as the themes Slizer/Throwbots in 1999 and RoboRiders in 2000.

A new project called "BoneHeads of Voodoo Island" was later conceived by Faber and Lego employees Bob Thompson and Martin Riber Andersen from a brief by Erik Kramer that was sent to outside writers, one of whom was Alastair Swinnerton, who rewrote the concept and was later invited to pitch it to the Lego Group at their headquarters in Billund, Denmark. The revised concept was well received and Swinnerton was commissioned to expand his initial pitch into a full 'bible'. On his second visit to Billund, the project was given approval and entitled "Bionicle" at an internal Lego meeting (a portmanteau constructed from the words "biological chronicle", with reference to the word "bionics"). The names "BioKnights" and "Afterman" were also considered prior to the finalization of the brand.

To accompany theme, Lego worked with Swinnerton and the creative agency Advance to create an elaborate story featuring extensive lore centering on half-organic, half-robotic characters and telling it across a vast multimedia spectrum including comic books, novels, games, movies and online content. Māori culture became a key inspiration behind the story and the theme at large. The use of tropical environments and characters based on classical elements were also carried over from Slizer/Throwbots and RoboRiders. The toys themselves would be an expansion of the Lego Technic sub-series, featuring the same building system that was already featured in Slizer/Throwbots and RoboRiders. One particular element – the then-innovative ball-and-socket system which created free joint movement – would feature heavily in Bionicle and be expanded upon in subsequent sets.

Launch and success
The first wave of Bionicle sets were initially launched in December 2000 in Europe and Australasia as a "test market" to predict how well the series would sell in North America. The official website, explaining the premise of Bionicle, also debuted around the same time. After a positive reception, Bionicle premiered in North America in mid-2001, where it generated massive success and garnered the Lego Group £100 million in its first year. New sets were released every six months, ranging from buildable action figures to play sets and vehicles, and would gradually increase in size and flexibility with every new wave. Collectibles such as weapon ammo and the "Kanohi" masks that certain characters wore were also sold; some became rare and valuable and withheld secret codes that when entered onto the official Bionicle website, provided the user with "Kanoka Points" that enabled them to access exclusive membership material.

As Bionicle's popularity rose, it became one of Lego's most successful properties, accounting for nearly all of their financial turnover from the previous decade. It was named as the #1 Lego theme in 2003 and 2006 in terms of sales and popularity, with other Lego themes at the time failing to match the profits generated by Bionicle. Its popularity led to high web traffic via its official website, averaging more than one million page views per month, and further kinds of merchandise such as clothes, toiletries and fast-food restaurant toy collectibles.

Discontinuation
In November 2009, Lego made a decision that production on new Bionicle sets would cease after a final wave was released in 2010. The decision was made due to recent low sales and a lack of new consumer interest in the brand, possibly brought on by its decade-long backstory and extensive lore.

At his request, long-term Bionicle comic book writer and story contributor Greg Farshtey was given permission to continue the Bionicle storyline, with chapters for new serials arranged to be posted regularly on the website BionicleStory.com. However, Farshtey stopped posting new content in 2011 due to his other commitments and the website was shut down in 2013, leaving a number of serials incomplete. Farshtey regularly contributed new story details and "canonization" of fan made models via online forums and message boards until his departure from Lego in 2022. Nevertheless, he continues to play an active role in the Bionicle fan community.

Reboot
Work on a reboot of Bionicle began in 2012. Matt Betteker, a junior designer who had previously worked on Hero Factory, was promoted to senior designer for the project. The theme's comeback was announced in September 2014, with the first wave of sets and story details revealed at New York Comic Con on October 9. Dubbed colloquially as "Generation 2" by fans and later Lego themselves, the new storyline is based on the premise of the original, albeit with simplified lore and a smaller media platform.

The reboot launched in January 2015 to a mixed reception from toy critics and fans of the original Bionicle franchise, with the playability of the new sets and the inspiration taken from the theme's first wave being praised, but the simplified story and undeveloped characters receiving less positive feedback.

Lego discontinued the reboot in late 2016, citing low sales, despite plans to release new Bionicle sets through to at least 2017. It is widely believed that a lack of marketing and reliance on fans to promote the theme, coupled with the new simplified story, were factors in Generation 2's decreased interest.

Legacy
During and after its run, Bionicle became the inspiration for several other Lego themes including Knights Kingdom, Exo-Force, Ninjago, Legends of Chima, and Nexo Knights. They all followed a similar story narrative about a group of heroes, each with varying abilities, battling the henchmen of an ally-turned-foe in a fantasy world. Bionicle writer Greg Farshtey would also go on to write material for the some of these themes, most notably Ninjago.

A direct successor theme to Bionicle, Hero Factory, was launched in 2010. It continued to use the building system introduced in Bionicle before evolving into the Character and Creature Building System (CCBS) that would later be carried over into other Lego sets and eventually Bionicle's 2015 reintroduction. Hero Factory itself ceased after 2014.

Despite its ending as a toyline, Bionicle's popularity has persisted and was acknowledged by Lego in its 90th anniversary poll, winning the first round. A promotional Lego System set celebrating Bionicle was released in 2023, featuring brick-built versions of the characters of Tahu and Takua, to which the community responded well. Additionally, fans have engaged in several community-based projects, including creating a "Bionicle Day" on August 10 (stylized as "810NICLE Day"), story and media archives, and several fan games.

Generation 1 (2001–2010)
Set in a science fantasy universe featuring a diversity of biomechanical beings, the main story depicts the exploits of the Toa, heroes with elemental powers whose duty is to protect the Matoran, the prime populace of their world, and reawaken their god-like guardian, the Great Spirit Mata Nui, who was forced into a coma by the actions of his antagonist "brother", the Makuta.

The first story arc (2001–2003) takes place on the tropical island of Mata Nui, named after the Great Spirit, and deals with the arrival of the six Toa Mata and their adventures in protecting the Matoran villagers from Makuta's minions. They are later transformed into the more-powerful Toa Nuva. A heavy emphasis is placed on the Kanohi masks worn by the Toa, which supplement their elemental powers with abilities such as super-strength, super-speed, levitation and water-breathing. The second arc (2004–2005) acts as a prequel to the first; set on an island city called Metru Nui, it follows another group of Toa who would go on to become Turaga, the Matoran's elders, and explains how they all came to settle on the island of Mata Nui. The culminating third arc (2006–2008) sees a new team of Toa (transformed from Matoran) set out on a quest to find the Mask of Life, an artifact that can save the now-dying Mata Nui. A fourth arc (2009), originally envisioned as a soft reboot of the franchise, introduces the desert world of Bara Magna, its inhabitants, and Mata Nui's origins. However, all planned storylines were scrapped after Lego announced that Bionicle would be discontinued and was replaced with a new one that concluded the main narrative in 2010.

Characters such as the Toa and Matoran are typically divided into tribes based on six "primary" elements: fire, water, air, earth, ice, and stone. Less common "secondary" elements, such as light, gravity and lightning, began being introduced in 2003. The 2009 storyline, which features a different society, uses a similar grouping method for its Glatorian and Agori characters.

The entire saga was developed by a team of Lego employees led by Bob Thompson for a multimedia platform spanning animations, comic books, novels, console and online games, short stories, and a series of direct-to-video films. The majority of comics and novels were written by Greg Farshtey, who also published a number of in-character blogs, serials, and podcasts that expanded the franchise lore. After the toyline was discontinued, publication of these serials continued through to 2011 before halting abruptly due to Farshtey's other commitments.

Generation 2 (2015–2016)
A reboot of the original story, the revival chronicles the adventures of six elemental Toa heroes who protect the bio-mechanical inhabitants of the mystical island of Okoto from Makuta and his minions. Characters are again divided into six elemental tribes: fire, water, jungle (changed from air for creative reasons), earth, ice, and stone. The reboot's multimedia spectrum was scaled back in comparison to the first generation's – online animations, a series of books and graphics novels authored by Ryder Windham, and the animated Netflix series Lego Bionicle: The Journey to One (2016) detail the narrative. Christian Faber and Greg Farshtey served as creative consultants.

Reception
Initially, the idea of Bionicle faced resistance from company traditionalists as the Lego Group had no experience of marketing a story-based brand of their own. The "war-like" appearance of the characters also went against the company's values of creating sets without themes of modern warfare or violence. Lego reconciled on this statement by claiming that the theme was about "Good versus evil; "good hero warriors" designed to combat "evil enemy fighters" in a mythical universe, so children are not encouraged to fight each other".

The Bionicle franchise was well received over its venture and became one of the Lego Group's biggest-selling properties. At the time of its launch, one reviewer described the sets as "A good combination of assembly and action figure". and first-year sales of £100 million. Bionicle later received a Toy of the Year Award for Most Innovative Toy in 2001 from the Toy Industry Association.

Bionicle's rapid success had a major impact on the Lego Company. Stephanie Lawrence, the global director of licensing for Lego, stated: "We've created an evergreen franchise to complement the many event-based properties on the children's market. An increasing number of category manufacturers want to tap into the power of the Bionicle universe, and the key for us now is to manage the excitement to stay true to the brand and the lifestyle of our core consumer".

Since its launch, toy critics have said that Bionicle has changed the way children think and play with Lego products by combining "The best of Lego building with the story telling and adventure of an action figure". Toy statistics have revealed that as of 2009, 85% of American boys aged 6–12 had heard of Bionicle while 45% owned the sets.

Māori language controversy
In 2002, several Māori iwi (tribes) from New Zealand were angered by Lego's lack of respect for some of their words which were used to name certain characters, locations and objects in the Bionicle storyline. A letter of complaint was written, and the company agreed to change the names of certain story elements (e.g., the villagers originally known as "Tohunga" was changed to "Matoran") and met with an agreement with the Māori people to still use a small minority of their words.

In the story, the reason for certain name changes was dubbed as a Naming Ceremony for certain Matoran after doing heroic deeds (though the pronunciations remain the same), an example being the name change of 'Huki' to 'Hewkii'. Other names such as "Toa" meaning "Warrior", "Kanohi" meaning "Face" and "Kōpaka" meaning "Ice" were not changed.

title: Bionicle


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CISS-FM

CISS-FM (105.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Ottawa, Ontario. The station is owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, and broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format branded on-air as KiSS 105.3. The radio studios and offices are co-located with its sister stations at Thurston Drive and Conroy Road.

CISS-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 84,000 watts. The transmitter is located in Camp Fortune, Quebec, within Gatineau Park.

History
The station signed on the air in 1972 with the call sign CKBY, playing a country format.

On January 9, 2004, the station shifted to a hot adult contemporary format and adopted the 105.3 KISS-FM moniker. The station launched with Pink's "Get the Party Started". A month after the format change, the station adopted its current call letters. The CISS call sign was previously associated with a Toronto radio station, also owned by Rogers, which now uses the call letters CKIS-FM. The CKBY calls were subsequently transferred to a third Rogers station in Smiths Falls. In the station's early years, the station's playlist resembled that of CHUM-FM in Toronto, but with a less rhythmic lean. Later that year, it shifted from Hot AC to adult top 40.

The introduction of CISS came at the expense of 101.1 XFM (CIOX-FM), an alternative rock station that was shut down to make way for KISS and the relocation of country radio 105.3 FM as Y105, to 101.1 FM as Y101, which later rebranded as Country 101.1. The two morning show hosts of XFM, Mauler and Rush, were temporarily left unemployed. They have since moved to The Morning Hot Tub on CIHT-FM, which is also simulcast on other Stingray Group stations across Canada.

With the transition of the former CISS in Toronto from "Jack FM" to top 40 as KiSS 92.5 on June 5, 2009, the CISS calls remained unchanged on this station. Instead, Rogers swapped the CJAQ-FM calls in Toronto with the former CKIS-FM (a "Jack" station) in Calgary.

As of the fall of 2009, CISS has begun leaning towards a more rhythmic sound again, dropping most modern adult contemporary artists.

As of 2011, the station eliminated the majority of its pre-1999 playlist, shifting towards a more 2000s-now direction.

A new logo and tagline were introduced. The tagline was "The New" in its "KISS-FM" branding. The station leans on rhythmic material during nights and weekends. As of March 31, 2014, CISS faced additional competition from CKQB, which transitioned from active rock to a Top 40/CHR format. CKQB's presentation heavily favours current rhythmic and dance products aimed at young adult and teen listeners. CISS is on the Canadian Hot AC panels of Mediabase and Nielsen BDS.

By early 2016, CISS re-branded slightly to KiSS 105.3.

In September 2016, CISS re-added 1990s music to their playlist and changed the slogan to "The Most Variety from the 90s to Now."

In August 2021, CISS re-branded as "The Capital's KiSS 105.3", and changed their slogan to "90's, 2000's, Now!"

title: CISS-FM


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Talk:Splenectomy

note
Shouldn't this text be a subheading under spleen until it becomes more complete? Alex.tan 15:21, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure. It's beyond stub level and having it separate might encourage people to edit it more than they would if it was already part of a longer article. On the other hand, having it as part of spleen does make that article better. Whatever is done to this should probably be done to Tonsillectomy as well. Angela. 02:43, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't think so. After all, tonsillectomy is larger than tonsils.  71.103.38.192 06:30, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

=References in popular culture=

In science-fiction comic spoofs (brewster rockit for one, at least) a character yells, "Aaaah! My spleen!" when gutted by aliens. Should this be included in the article? 71.103.38.192 06:30, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * No. JFW | T@lk  07:57, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Complications
- Am J Med review. JFW | T@lk  07:57, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Effect of splenectomy on diabetes risk
I removed the doubt tag on the above, but reworded the doubted text to clearly indicate that this is very much a case of scientific conjecture. The reference NY Times article has the following text:

 * The findings raised the question of what happens to people who have their spleens removed. Dr. Faustman went to the medical literature and discovered that most spleens were removed in emergency rooms and that few patients were followed afterward, with two exceptions.

 * One was a group of patients in England with pancreatitis. To treat them, doctors had removed half of the pancreas. When they removed the right half of the organ, the patients were fine. But when they removed the left half, along with the attached spleen, patients often developed diabetes about five years later.

 * The other case involved children with beta thalassemia, a genetic disease involving iron storage. Often, they developed enlarged spleens, which were removed. Five years or so later, many got diabetes.

The article clearly makes reference to a perceived relationship between splenectomy and elevated diabetes risk. This does not imply, of course, that said relationship in fact exists.

Bigdumbdinosaur (talk) 21:56, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Workplan for Splenectomy
Workplan as follows:

*    Provide source material updates (citations are old). *    Provide citations where missing. *    Recreate a more formal lead section. *    Reorganize the article to correspond to the structure provided by the lead section. *    Adjust the sections to follow standard medical encyclopedia formatting. *    Add information in all sections to ensure that a reader could master the entirety of the topic from studying this article. *    While the article is largely neutral in tone, it does occasionally provide persuasive language or phrasing. *    Prioritization will be given to surgical and other interventional management.

Gensurg22 (talk) 22:43, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

splenectomy
Can u do a transplant on a splendid Jaymes fage (talk) 21:50, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Splenectomy


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User:Chevy~enwiki

I am a graphic designer and information junkie from South Beach, Florida.

title: User:Chevy~enwiki


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Talk:National Capital Territory of Delhi

What is the current and proposed administrative status of New Delhi and the National capital territory? The two articles seem inconsistent at present, but on careful reading they are not, in that the NCT does not (yet?) have full statehood, but has some measure of independence. Or at least that is the picture taking the two articles together. Clarification needed IMO. Andrewa 15:29, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * The NCT is called Delhi, and it has two cities named Delhi and New Delhi apart from some nearby regions. And the NCT called Delhi. But my friend from Delhi says that the NCT is also called New Delhi informally, etc. Should Wikipedia reflect the administrative names, etc. or should it also include what informal names a place could have? -- Paddu 08:50, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * We should move this to Delhi (territory) then, I would say. Morwen 10:29, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * Also Noida and Ghaziabad are part of Uttar Pradesh and do not fall under the administration of the NCT. But since they are served by Delhi Transport, etc. and are included in the Metropolitan region of Delhi, the term NCR (National Capital Region) is used to loosely include them as well as Gurgaon (in Haryana), etc. -- Paddu 09:07, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * That contradicts what the article says IMO. But it's a bit vague in some ways. Hmmmm. Andrewa 21:42, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I am from Delhi and stay in Gurgaon, I can help answer any questions you may have regarding this subject, just post here.I recommend this stays as a seprate page and is not merged into Delhi. This page should focus more on the suburbs of Gurgaon and NOIDA and there interdependence and interaction with Delhi. FeralTitan 14:16, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Cite for name
The name seems to be capitalized in the Indian Consitution, here. Noisy | Talk 08:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge with Delhi
There is absolutely no reason to have two seperate articles on Delhi and National Capital Territory of Delhi. Delhi was first a union territory in India and later on after the commencement of the 69th amendment to the Indian constitution, Delhi was given a status of a National Capital Territory. As one can notice, most of the content of the National Capital Territory of Delhi is similar to that of the Delhi article. --Deepak|वार्ता 05:14, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. Following the examples set by other federal capital cities, there seems to be some variation as to whether the city is treated as the same as the subnational entity where it is situated and whether one article is redirected to the other. For example, Washington is indistinguishable from the District of Columbia (the city, though not the entire conurbation) and so here in Wikipedia they both share the same entry. The same goes for Buenos Aires and Kuala Lumpur (no separate entry for the district, because its limits are coterminous with those of the city). The following federal capital cities which are physically and administratively not identical to their respective federal capital districts or territories, have their own entries in WP:

 * Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria separate from the city of Abuja
 * Australian Capital Territory separate from the city of Canberra
 * Venezuelan Capital District separate from the city of Caracas
 * Mexican Federal District separate from the city of Mexico
 * Brazilian Federal District separate from the city of Brasília

 * --Big Adamsky 14:04, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * oppose.IMO. merging should not be done. Read the Wikiproject Indian cities disambiguation for further ideas. This kinda issues have arised before in other city articles. Regards.--Dwaipayan (talk) 11:39, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

New merge request
This article is part of WikiProject Indian states, as per the banner at the head of the page. If you wish to make any changes, then please agree them with the project first. There are approximately 80 articles that link directly to the article page, so if this page is to be made into a redirect, then all those eighty articles will have to be changed as well. Noisy | Talk 08:42, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Per WP:REDIRECT, it is not necessary to "fix" redirects that aren't broken. In fact, it is preferred not to fix such redirects if they display properly. Polaron | Talk 15:51, 18 June 2006 (UTC)