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Talk:List of converts to Judaism

Edit warring and incivility must stop
User:Java7837 and User:SkyWriter have has complained on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Judaism about the behavior of "anti-semites" on this page. User:SkyWriter joined in that complaint without distancing himself from the use of the "anti-semite" epithet. I see these complaints User:Java7837's complaint as a breach of Wikipedia's policies on civility. Perhaps it is commonplace where you come from to malign people who disagree with you as anti-semites but I find this sort of loose rhetoric to be offensive. Please stop it. Mutter it under your breath if you must but keep it off Wikipedia's talk pages.

More importantly, there has been a long-running edit war on this article, apparently going back several months and resulting in an open RFC.

The most recent outbreaks of edit-warring involved violations of WP:3RR by User:Jayjg and User:Skywriter on March 29 and User:Skywriter on April 5. There are other editors involved in the edit war, most notably User:Jpgordon and User:Java7837.

 * In at least one of the alleged 3RR violations (Jayjg on March 29), there were only 3 reverts, not the 4 required to constitute a violation of 3RR. It is likely that my other allegations suffer from the same defect and, not being in the mood to go back and count those instances again, I retract all the allegations.  The point is: 3RR doesn't mean you should revert 3 times.  Consider WP:0RR or WP:BRD instead of pulling yourself up just 1 revert shy of 4 reverts.  --Richard (talk) 04:54, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

I am very conservative in blocking editors, especially long-standing editors such as Jayjg and Jpgordon. For shame, guys, you ought to know better than that.

My feeling is that it is not helpful to block long-standing editors who are editing in good faith. Blocking editors in such situations just inflames emotions.

But that only leaves protection of the article as a possible admin action to address the edit warring.

So... I will issue these warnings:

 * 1) Desist from the personal attacks; calling someone an anti-semite is a personal attack; you wouldn't like it if someone attributed your position on the contents of this list to your being a Christ-killer. Christ-killing has nothing to do with this dispute and neither does anti-semitism.
 * 2) Be WP:civil and assume good faith
 * 3) Don't edit war; also remember that WP:3RR does not entitle you to 3 reversions a day; you can be blocked for edit warring that does not technically violate 3RR

I will also make the following suggestion:

Whatever the status of the article text, leave it alone until the RFC has run to completion. Pretend it's protected. If you have trouble imagining it as protected, I can help by actually protecting it.

--Richard (talk) 07:33, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I didn't violate 3RR on March 29. Jayjg (talk) 02:17, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * That's it? That's all you have to say?  Heck, I didn't violate 3rr either time, and that's not the point.  The point is that we were edit warring and have been for months.  Sure we both know to stop at 3 -- but it's still edit warring. SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 02:24, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I haven't been edit-warring for months. I first came across this issue on March 29, just over a week ago. You have been editing-warring about this for months; in fact, for over a year. I haven't been. Jayjg (talk) 03:11, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed on all counts -- although I did not start off suspecting antisemitism, I did not argue against it either. I would, however, request three things: 1) that uncivil actions be regarded as offensive as the description of those actions (on all sides here, guys -- EVERYONE needs to treat each other with respect and courtesy in both word AND deed), 2) that the Wikipedia notability guidelines (including both Jayjg's preferred section and my own cited section as well) be used as the basis for determination, and 3) that the names be visible either here or on the article page itself.  It's easy to argue against a vaccuum, but it serves little purpose.  Geza Vermes for instance, perhaps the most notable person on the entire list, was the first person deleted in this extended edit war.  Leaving the article in protected status with Geza Vermes missing would have not benefitted Wikipedia, and it would have left us with little idea regarding precisely WHO we were discussing.  Also, I'd like to add that both Jayjg and myself want to remove the red lines.  He simply wants to remove the names as well as the red lines as per the Wikipedia guidelines he's cited, and I merely want to remove the red lines as per the Wikipedia guidelines I've cited (both cited guidelines being on the same page of Wikipedia).  And, finally, I'd call on all sides to stop the contention.  Calling someone "uncivil" is as unhelpful as calling someone a "vandal".  Accusing someone of not assuming good faith is as unhelpful as losing faith in a person during a war.  And threatening someone with an "awkward position" is as unhelpful as any perceived personal attack.  It's time to discuss the issue, the guidelines, and the best way to proceed -- and to stop stonewalling and treating "SkyWriter" or "Jayjg" as the issue.  We are not the issue.  Wikipedia guidelines, cited by both sides, is the issue.  PS to Richardshusr -- you were the first person coming from the outside with a balanced approach, and I thank you.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 13:33, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I just did a quick check here and on the Judaism page and did not find anything from me accusing the other party of antisemitism. I have speculated about this as a motivation for someone ignoring Wikipedia notability guidelines, but I did not do so here or on the Judaism page.  What I HAVE done is to call the repeated deletion of sourced information and repeated ignoring of cited Wikipedia guidelines as "vandalism."  If I'm incorrect, I apologize.  I believe I'm correct, and I'll STILL apologize.  But at some point Wikipedia guidelines need to at least be CONSIDERED and this sidetracking of saying "he's an antisemite-baiter" is grossly prejudicial and uncivil, and I ask the parties that have done so, including Richard, to retract that both here and on the Judaism project page.  The actions, accusations, and obfuscations toward me are in themselves uncivil, and even led me to doubt myself -- how much more someone else?  I even gave you the benefit of the doubt against my own memory.  In other words, I've taken my assumption of good faith way too far.  Again, I request an apology from everyone who has done this, just as they have requested an apology from me.  And if someone HAS offered to go halfway with me in the past and I've missed it, please point that out so that collaboration can occur.  To this point I have not yet seen any attempt to compromise or collaborate or even to assume good faith toward myself.  I'll PREsume good faith one last time and imagine that I simply missed it.  Please show me where it occurred.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 14:13, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks Richard! You've been the first person to budge and show consideration of both views here, and I'm very grateful.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 14:45, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Here is where Tim alleges anti-semitismn; User:Java7837 then appears to run with the balll at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Judaism, but it was Tim's invention, and it's up to Tim to back down from it, as well as the unfounded and highly inappropriate accusations of vandalism. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 17:21, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

I've already aknowledged speculating about that possibility on his talk page (on March 29), and I've already apologized for that. The only reason I speculated was because my citations of the Wikipedia guidelines were being ignored, which you are continuing to do. I've apologized for my concern -- please don't continue the behavior that led to my concern. It's time to stop and to ADDRESS the Wikipedia guidelines I've cited here and on the Judaism project page. I find it passing strange that administrators will refuse to address a quoted Wikipedia guideline. I don't know what your motivations are and I don't care. I just continue waiting with morbid curiosity for how long it will take for you to stop your behavior. Again -- I apologize for speculating WHY you are refusing to address the guidelines. I will avoid such in the future. Now my only concern is THAT you begin to address those guidelines. Apology given. Your turn.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 17:37, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

Just out of curiosity, why WOULD two admins refuse to address cited Wikipedia notability guidelines? You could have simply told me that I was misunderstanding something and showed me how I should look at it. I'll accept "uh, we just missed it in the heat of battle... sorry." That would be fine. My own speculation was wrong, but I'd at least like to know what the motivations could have been, other than just being caught up in the moment. You are human, after all.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 17:43, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You didn't specify which guideline you were referring to, despite requests that you do so. Jayjg (talk) 02:25, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * It's on the same page as the guideline you are citing. I've said that numerous times now.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 03:06, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Which guideline was I citing? Please give the time and date of the comment where I cited a guideline (aside from the comment I made a few minutes ago, at 02:23, 8 April 2009). Jayjg (talk) 03:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Excuse me -- maybe I had you confused with Diviama. If you've cited NO guidelines, then that's even more consistent with the fact that you ignored them when I cited the same guidelines. If you just aren't familiar with Wikipedia notability guidelines, then I apologize. I'd suggest you catch up on them for a few days and then we can discuss. SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 03:25, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm familiar with the notability guidelines. They don't cover your edits, at least not in the way you claim they do; Malik has explained why below. You've taken them out of context, and context is crucial. If you want to draw peoples' attention to a specific guideline, then you need to link to the guideline in question, or at least name it. I have yet to see you do so; even now. Jayjg (talk) 03:28, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Explanation of WP:BIO1E
Skywriter, I think your interpretation of WP:BIO1E is mistaken. Here's why:

"When an individual is significant for their role in a single event, it may be unclear whether an article should be written about the individual, the event or both." A person's conversion is not an "event", it's part of their biography (i.e., their life story). If you read the rest of the guideline, all the examples refer to people whose potential notability is related to a notable event: assassinating a prominent royal, videotaping a police assault, witnessing an assassination, interfering in a baseball game, participating in a demonstration. In each case, an article could be written about the person or about the event.

"The general rule in many cases is to cover the event, not the person." That should be a red flag that WP:BIO1E isn't relevant. How could you write an article such as Conversion to Judaism of JoAnn Fay? The "event"—the conversion itself—isn't notable. Either JoAnn Fay is notable or she isn't, but her conversion to Judaism isn't notable per se.

I hope this explanation helps. — Malik Shabazz 18:29, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I thank you for addressing my question.

 * Folks -- why in the world was that so difficult?

 * Malik, since you are the first person to actually address the question, could you do us the favor of recommending a solution that would accomodate both sides of the issue here? There are those who regard conversion of clergy to another religion to be notable, somewhat similar to a U.S. Senator renouncing his citizenship for that of another country (which if I understand you correctly is not an 'event').  There are also those who do not regard this as notable.  That's fair.  I do not find most articles on Wikipedia to be notable, but recognize that to others they would be.  I don't go around trying to delete information from articles I'm not interested in.  But at the same time I would not want what I consider to be non notable information to intrude in an article that I do find interesting.

 * The two sides have suggested that either a) all listed individuals would ALSO require their own separate article or b) such additional articles would be wasteful for the resources of Wikipedia. In your opinion, what do you consider to be the most efficient use of Wikipedia resources in this matter -- in which all parties may collaborate in constructing information, rather than deleting it?  Thanks.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 19:08, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * You are mis-stating the two positions. One position is that conversions of clergy are inherently notable, and should therefore all such clergy should be listed in this article. The other position is that the conversions are notable only if the people themselves are notable; that is, if they have Wikipedia articles on them. No-one is insisting that articles should be created for every clergy-person who has converted to Judaism; rather, they are insisting that only those with articles should be listed here. Jayjg (talk) 02:30, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Jayjg, the first person deleted was Geza Vermes. GEZA VERMES.  Doesn't that chill you or at least give you pause?  And have you looked at the articles?  Their notability in those articles is that they are clergy who converted to Judaism.  Asher Wade is only barely more notable because he became a rabbi afterwards.  You've been fine with Geza Vermes being deleted until I linked his name with his article.  Same with Asher Wade.  Are you consistent?  Yes.  Do you have Wikipedia guidelines to back you?  Yes.  Does that exclude the exception I've cited?  No.  I'm not saying you're wrong -- only that I'm not wrong either.  The guidelines are nuanced in this case, and wooden application of some formula only results in article after article being created -- 37 or so -- before a single article on a single notable subject can be populated.  That's not only wasteful, but it's writing Wikipedia backwards.  If you continue to persist, we'll end up with 37 unnecessary articles.  You may be fine with that, but as a writer and Wikipedia editor I find that to be extremely sloppy.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 03:21, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about? I never deleted Vermes, nor have I deleted Wade. Jayjg (talk) 03:25, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Also, I'd like to add that creating 37 separate articles WOULD be covering the person, rather than the event of clergy converting to Judaism (i.e. a single article such as this one). I understand that this is not your view of that guideline, but please recognize that it is my own sincere understanding.  An event is something "that happened" in my view.  So I would take that citation of yours to mean something like: "Don't focus on who it happened to as much as on the thing that happened itself (i.e. clergy converting to Judaism)."  Again, we may disagree.  I'm simply seeking the most collaborative way to proceed.  Until now, I've seen a willingness to war without direct discussion, and repeated statements of refusal to collaborate on any mutually rational consensus.  Again, I do appreciate the fact that you've broken the ice here, and I'd very much like to find a resolution that is rational to all sides (i.e. "consensus").SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 19:20, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Have you considered the possibility that your position does not accord with Wikipedia norms? That there really is no "middle ground" here, but rather, that the material simply does not belong on Wikipedia? Jayjg (talk) 02:30, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I would have considered that until you continued to persist in ignoring the Wikipedia guidelines I cited to you. Your ignoring them simply meant that Wikipedia guidelines or norms had nothing to do with your motivation.  I won't speculate.  But I've YET to see you even attempt to address the guidelines I've cited.  I've addressed yours -- because I care about those guidelines.  You have not addressed mine, because... well, only you can say why.  Maybe this is just fun for you.  I don't know and I don't care.  What I do care about is good writing, concise editing, and the integrity of Wikipedia as a source of information.  On this particular subject Wikipedia showed itself to be a shining example of good, sourced, information.  In fact, I've been searching for this information for YEARS and had not been able to find it before some incredibly admirable editor took the time to add them.  As far as I can tell, you like blue lines.  Fine.  You'll get them.  I think they are wasteful, but during this edit war I've watched the articles you've demanded pop out of the woodwork.  How many good responsible editors does it take to satisfy a wooden demand of one part of a guideline?  I don't know.  I'm not one of those good editors.  I'm just another good editor trying to save them, you, and Wikipedia readers time by citing another portion of that same guideline you claim to follow -- which allows all the information to rest here, with no need for all those other articles.  If I fail, we'll end up with dozens of articles on these people.  If I had succeeded -- we'd have just one (which is all that was necessary in the first place).SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 03:21, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You refused to specify which guidelines you were referring to. In fact, I have yet to see you refer specifically to any guideline. You appear to be quoting guidelines, but you won't actually say their names, which makes it difficult for people to be sure what you are referring to, and in what context. Regarding your statement that I will "get to them", what are you talking about? Jayjg (talk) 03:25, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Jayjg, I think Skywriter was trying to say "You (Jayjg) like blue links. (as opposed to redlinks). Fine.  You'll get them (meaning someone will write articles for those redlinks)."
 * --Richard (talk) 04:12, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Proposed Time-Out
Most of us Jews will be offline until at least Sunday. It appears that not everyone is familiar with Wikipedia notability guidelines, and we need to all catch up. I could use a reread myself. I propose that we table this until at least Monday (and many of us may not be back until late next week). I'd also suggest that those not observing Passover enjoy other articles on Wikipedia. There are many places to happily edit while we're away. Once we're back, we can discuss the notability guidelines -- all from an equal position of familiarity. Have a good Passover everyone, and a Happy Easter. SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 03:33, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Okay -- now I'm definitely off for a few days. I promise that before I discuss anything further on this talk page I'll thoroughly study the guidelines I've linked (above), and if there are any other guidelines pertinent to the specific issue at hand, I'll be happy to study those also.  Other parties interested in a mutually satisfactory conclusion to this question are welcome to do the same.  Those not interested in discussing guidelines are welcome to listen in.  But let's please keep this to guidelines for now.  Let's all remember that consensus is best when all parties reach it according to guidelines.  As I've said several times, it could very well be that I've misunderstood something.  It could also be that those who disagree with me have misunderstood something.  Most likely I think that the guidelines have something to speak for both sides here, and that we are more right in what we each affirm than in what we each deny.  This is an opportunity for us, here, to address Wikipedia guidelines, reach a consensus regarding what they call for, and work together in a collaborative way.  Have a holy week, everyone. SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 14:32, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, if anyone thinks policies and guidelines are truly relevant, then the best way to seek clarification of same is on either the talk page or noticeboard page of the relevant policy or guideline. Article talk pages in general are generally not used as a forum to discuss policies and guidelines, because they get less attention. I would suggest that the place to discuss any questions about the applicability of any policy or guideline is either the designated noticeboard for such discussions or the policy page itself. John Carter (talk) 14:45, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Policies and guidelines are irrelevant here? If that's the way everyone feels here then I'll have to move on, because there is no basis on which to form consensus.  All we'll be left with is the greatest numbers and powers willing to edit war.  If policies are irrelevant to anyone -- please pipe in.  If the consensus here is not to consider guidelines, then I cannot be a part of that consensus and will leave you folks alone.  Just let me know, guys -- either here or on my talk page.  And please, no threats.  I simply want to follow guidelines or be helped to do so if I'm mistaken.  If that truly cannot be done here, I'll be very happy to move on.  I figure three or four of you would be enough.  Just let me know however it seems best to you.  Wikipedia is a very large place, and there are plenty of articles, editors, and admins, who find that the guidelines are meant to be followed, and that we are here to work together.  I figure it's big enough for a dozen lifetimes without needing to look at this article again.  Best. SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 14:55, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I said nothing even remotely to the effect of policies and guidelines being irrelevant, and I would urge the above editor to take a long breath and actually read what others say, particularly as it will help prevent him making such inflammatory and clearly incorrect statements in the future. What I believe I had fairly clearly stated, if he would actually read it, was that the best place to seek a clarification of a policy or guideline was on the noticeboard relevant to that policy or guideline, as those pages are more heavily monitored than any individual article's talk page is. And I too would very much agree that at least the above editor would very much benefit from a period away from this subject. John Carter (talk) 15:15, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I read what you wrote. I also read what you were responding to: my request that we each take a look at the guideline to see if we are following it. That is what you seemed to be disagreeing with. Do I take it, then, that you do agree we should collaborate according to guidelines? If so, fantastic: we have a basis for consensus. If not, I'll work elsewhere with those who do.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 15:35, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree with John Carter. The results of the RFC are clearly running against SkyWriter and Java7837. If SkyWriter thinks these 7 editors are all misinterpreting the policies and guidelines, then the talk page of the policy or guideline is a good place to find Wikipedians who are more interested/knowledgeable in that policy or guideline. If you are unwilling to accept the results of a RFC, the next step is to ask for mediation via WP:MEDCAB and WP:MEDCOM. Consult WP:DR for a full expositon of Wikipedia's dispute resolution process.  --Richard (talk) 15:41, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

It's not that I think they are misinterpreting it. It's that I think they are not addressing it, and that if they never have an interest in doing so, I'll be happy to move on. Do I take this to mean that you and John make two? One more and I'll be satisfied that I need to work with others elsewhere.SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 15:48, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I for one think I did address it, to the degree that any article talk page is the place to try to determine the applicability of a policy or guideline, which it is not. And please remember policy trumps guidelines. In my opinion, having read the relevant notability pages more than once, is that the simple act of conversion is not in and of itself sufficient to establish notability in any case. If the notability can be established as per WP:PEOPLE, specifically, from that page, "significant, interesting, or unusual enough to deserve attention or to be recorded". I do not personally believe that any religious conversion is in and of itself sufficient to establish notability. There are however other notability criteria, such as being mentioned in a non-trivial way in more than one source for more than one specific event. So far as I have seen, notability by those terms has yet to be established for the subjects under discussion. If it can be proven that such notability exists, fine. However, I once again think that you would be best served to make such requests on the appropriate noticeboards or policy talk pages as I indicated above, as you seem to think that other parties informed on these matters would think differently. John Carter (talk) 16:03, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * For those of you who aren't aware -- John's link above is the same page as the link I gave. As such, we are actually in agreement that any guideline relevance would be from the same page.

 * The section I've addressed from the page John has linked is this:

''People notable only for one event
 * When an individual is significant for their role in a single event, it may be unclear whether an article should be written about the individual, the event or both. In considering whether or not to create separate articles, the degree of significance of the event itself and the degree of significance of the individual's role within it should be considered.  The general rule in many cases is to cover the event, not the person. However, as both the event and the individual's role grow larger, separate articles become justified.

 * If the event is highly significant, and the individual's role within it is a large one, a separate article is generally appropriate. The assassins of major political leaders, such as Gavrilo Princip fit into this category, as indicated by the large coverage of the event in reliable sources that devotes significant attention to the individual's role.

 * When the role played by an individual in the event is less significant, an independent article may not be needed, and a redirect is appropriate. For example, George Holliday who videotaped the Rodney King beating redirects to Rodney King.  On the other hand, if an event is of sufficient importance, even relatively minor participants may require their own articles, for example Howard Brennan.

 * Another issue arises when an individual plays a major role in a minor event. In this case, it is not generally appropriate to have an article on both the person and the event.  Generally in this case, the name of the person should redirect to the article on the incident.  For example, Steve Bartman redirects to Steve Bartman incident.  In some cases, however, a person famous for only one event may be more widely known than the event itself, for example, the Tank Man.  In such cases, the article about the event may be most appropriately named for the person involved.''SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 16:14, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Most relevant is "The general rule in many cases is to cover the event, not the person" which I take to mean "The general rule in this case is to cover conversion of clergy to Judaism, not each individual".

 * I think we are both in agreement that conversion to another religion does not necessarily require a separate article under these guidelines. My problem was that some folks seemed to be saying that they were fine with including someone here if they had their own article -- and that people were actually creating those articles!  I had a hand in linking Geza Vermes and restoring Asher Wade.  After that, I felt I would be violating the spirit of this guideline to do more.  They all basically shared the same characteristic.

 * Regardless -- if there is another who isn't interested in discussing this matter in this location, again, I'll move on. But I don't think the guideline page is the place to discuss the applicability of this very specific topic.  I could be wrong.  But if I do go there, John, Richard, would you mind vouching for me as someone who was directed there by responsible authorities?SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 16:14, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Okay -- although I did reread the page as promised before writing, I really do have to go. There are still things to do before Passover in the real world. Happy week everyone!SkyWriter (Tim) (talk) 16:19, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, it should be noted that above I clearly disagreed with the above editor regarding something. The ultimate policy of wikipedia is, to the best of my knowledge, WP:CONSENSUS. The consensus regarding this particular subject seems to be that these individuals are not sufficiently notable.
 * I too have in the past read the guideline SkyWriter has linked to. I think there are a couple of points here which he may have missed. One of these is that that guideline was I believe written, at least in part, with how to deal with individuals who may have, while performing in a way which would be counted as significant today, lived at a time when comparatively little was written about them. They may, through the circumstances of their lives, have been extremely significant, but may only have been mentioned in one source which has survived. Should those individuals be "written off" because of the lack of literacy of their time? I would think not.
 * Secondly, there is the matter of "interesting". Frankly, to my eyes, anyone from the past two centuries in the Western world who isn't "interesting" enough to be mentioned repeatedly by at least one source isn't interesting enough for an article. There are soooo many sources out there that any one-hit wonder should probably be relegated to being a part of another article. However, there are cases where an individual, human or not, may have done something truly remarkable. Scarlett the cat got 7,000 offers of adoption, partially due to heavy coverage from CNN. Is 7,000 offers of adoption "interesting"? I think it might be some sort of record. And, of course, in that case, the subject was also featured in several books, discussing the rest of her life, but that may be beside the point. There was a boy in Oconomowoc, WI who got the world record price for a pig, about $25,000 or $125-130 per pound. He is now in the Guinness Book of World Records. I note we don't yet have an article on him, which is odd. He is included in the Guinness Book, and he was also featured prominently on CBC's As It Happens at least once. Examples like those two, which are of a truly singular variety, are one thing. Conversions of ministers, which seems to happen in all faiths rather more often than we would expect, becoming almost "run of the mill", is something else entirely. They are nowhere near as unique, and may not qualify on the basis of being that "interesting". John Carter (talk) 01:07, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

"Paganism"
I think if you read paganism, you'll see that it's a loose and unscholarly blanket term for the various religions of antiquity. "Paganism" was a term invented by Christians to create an us vs. them dichotomy; see this definition of "Pagan" from Peter Brown. It's meaningless to call a Canaanite religion "paganism." We have no article named "ancient Roman paganism," for instance, for the very reason that no such thing existed; see Religion in ancient Rome. I don't have the knowledge to deal with ancient Semitic religions, but I hope someone will provide more helpful links within a scholarly frame of reference to the relevant religions. Cynwolfe (talk) 15:48, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

This article is empty!!
Where is the list of converts??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.97.153.133 (talk) 06:13, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

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Merger proposal
The following pages seem to have an identical purpose to this one. To save time and improve coverage, I propose that they be merged into this one. What do people think?

 * List of converts to Judaism from Christianity
 * List of converts to Judaism from Islam
 * List of converts to Judaism from paganism
 * List of converts to Judaism from non-religious backgrounds

Jontel (talk) 14:51, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

I suggest combining the various pages on converts to Judaism. See discussion here. Jontel (talk) 15:31, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree with the proposal, and suggest to merge these sub-pages of converts to Judaism from various religions as separate sections of this page.--GenoV84 (talk) 13:49, 1 January 2019 (UTC)

Darius the Mede
Darius the Mede could not have been a convert to Judaism since he is a fictional character, not a really existing person. Tgeorgescu (talk) 13:16, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

This has to stop. The next time you introduce Cyrus the Great or Darius the Mede into this article, I will ask at WP:ANI that you get indeffed. See WP:CIR why. Tgeorgescu (talk) 13:39, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Bible isn't fictional. And I added Darius the Mede with according to Bible. Please you check List of converted to Judaism in Bible. See WP:CIR why.

 * No, the Bible isn't fictional, I have one myself. However, in the WP-context it is not a WP:Reliable source for historical information. And since you want to write on WP, that matters. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 13:49, 9 March 2019 (UTC)

Khazars
Since https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars#Judaism indicates doubts about the extent of Khazar conversion perhaps "Khazars ... many of whom converted to Judaism en masse" in # 1.2 "Other converted nations, groups or tribes" should be edited. Mcljlm (talk) 03:24, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

converts from islam
according to the article Ibrahim Shaheen did not convert. only his wife did after his death. Chazir (talk) 11:24, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

Labelling Israel Bartal as "just another view"?
In this edit, you dismissed to Israel Bartal, then dean of the humanities faculty of the Hebrew University, as "just another view". If you read the full quote, he is making a broader point, that:

He is saying that there are no opposing views held by mainstream scholars here. So why have you suggested that this statement is disputed? By who? Has Bartal's claim that this is a well known fact that has not been disputed by serious scholars any evidence against it?

Onceinawhile (talk) 20:16, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Define "Impact". Social impact? Demographic impact? Is he referring to mass conversion of Jews? Tombah (talk) 20:30, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
 * All of the above. Onceinawhile (talk) 20:32, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Where? I don't see it in the quote. Is it in the article? Converts did in fact had a significant impact on Jewish history, including significant sages like Abtalion, Shmaya and Rabbi Akiva claiming descent from converts, and even David himself, was according to tradition a descendent of Moabite convert Ruth. But, I would be surprised to learn that Bartal did assert that mass conversion to Judaism ever took place, and if he did, I wonder on what he based this claim. While the ancient sources do refer to converts to Judaism during the Roman period, as well as God-fearers who observed several Jewish practices without becoming full converts, there is nothing in the ancient sources that indicates a particularly large number of converts joining Judaism, and other renown scholars, such as Martin Goodman, reject that claim. Some scholars have used Matthew 23.15 as "evidence" for proselytization efforts among Pharisees, but this claim is also disputed. Tombah (talk) 20:49, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Again, read the full article. A wider quote for you:
 * His comment on "major impact" is directly related to his comment about not being "ethnically and biologically pure". It is crystal clear.
 * Onceinawhile (talk) 22:33, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
 * There is also Onkelos, one of the major commentators of the Torah, whose commentaries are frequently found in orthodox Chumashs. He himself was a convert. But as an individual, not as some mass conversion.
 * I think Onceinawhile is seeing what they want to see. There is not actually any record of mass conversions, and I haven’t seen any reliable sources saying there were. Drsmoo (talk) 00:33, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I think Onceinawhile is seeing what they want to see. There is not actually any record of mass conversions, and I haven’t seen any reliable sources saying there were. Drsmoo (talk) 00:33, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of converts to Judaism


text:
Talk:Pearly Kings and Queens

Removed text
''Some examples of cockney rhyming slang apples and pears ; stairs dog and bone ; phone skin and blister; sister (also glaswegian rhyming slang)''

This is Cockney rhyming slang. It doesn't belong in this article.

On another topic, I'm not sure this is the correct name for this article. Perhaps Pearly King would be better? But, the advantage of this name is that it is gender-inclusive. Andrewa 19:25, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps some redirects? From Pearly king and Pearly queen? An An 01:05, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

And Today
It's unclear to what extent such Pearly Kings and Queens exist today in London. Could someone write about that? Inter lingua talk 14:06, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

What are the reasons for the rivalries between the organisations? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.7.236.163 (talk) 15:58, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Peckham FoCuSandLeArN (talk) 18:06, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

More Trivia
In December 1967, Paul McCartney of The Beatles and fiancée Jane Asher attended at the Magical Mistery Tour Party dressed as the Pearly King and the Pearly Queen. 80.32.117.89 (talk) 11:37, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Reliable sources
We have reliable sources for Croft as the first pearly king, but not for exactly how it started. It appears to point to the costermongers wearing the odd pearl button on their caps in order to achieve more sales and he adapted it for charitable collection, covering his whole suit. The three societies each tell a slightly different story on their websites, so I'm not sure we should be using them as reliable sources. MRSC (talk) 21:33, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * yes, I came to the article looking for the exact origin of the pearly suit. Two of the societies tell more or less the same story. The third (the Guild) appears no longer accessible. I've therefore put in the article the version from the 2 websites. There probably is a more authorative source out there and hopefully someone will update at some point. DeCausa (talk) 22:48, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Section
"Croft died in January 1930 and his funeral was attended by 400 followers from all over London,[1] receiving national media coverage.[4] In 1934 a memorial was unveiled to him in St Pancras Cemetery and at a speech to mark the occasion he was said to have raised £5,000 for those suffering in London's hospitals.[5] The statue was later moved to the crypt of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster. The inscription reads: In memory of Henry Croft who died March 16th 1930 aged 68 years. The original Pearly King."

This needs to be rewritten. How can he have raised money if he was dead? How can a memorial be unveiled to him if he was dead? FoCuSandLeArN (talk) 18:05, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

"memorial was unveiled to him" is fine, follows contemporary standard British formal usage, at least as a possibility. Changed the "at a speech" to "in a speech".

Boynamedsue (talk) 07:01, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

Unsourced edit
An ip user (I assume it's the same person although the ip changes) has edited information three times contrary to the source given. I have reverted twice, what to do next please? Captainllama (talk) 02:36, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pearly Kings and Queens


text:
User:Inositle

--

$$ F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r} $$

$$ A_c = \frac{v^2}{r} $$

$$ G_F = \frac{G \times M_1 \times M_2}{r^2} $$

$$ G_a = \frac{G \times M_1}{r^2} $$

$$ Work = \Delta KE + \Delta U_g + \Delta W_f $$

$$ F \times \Delta x \times \cos \theta = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + mg \Delta h + \mu F_n \cos \theta \Delta x $$

$$ \Delta KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2 $$

$$ \Delta U_g = mg \Delta h $$

$$ W_f = \mu mg \sin \theta $$

$$ U_0 + KE_0 = U_1 + KE_1 + W_f $$

$$ U_G = - \frac {GM_em}{r} $$

$$ P = \frac {W}{t} $$

$$ Work = Joules = Nm = \frac {kgm^2}{s^2} $$

$$ Power = Watts = \frac {Nm}{s} = \frac {kgm^2}{s^3} $$

$$ \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 $$

$$ f(x) = f(a) \times f(b) \Longrightarrow f'(x) = [f'(a) \times f(b)] + [f'(a) \times f(b)]$$

$$ f'(x) = [f'(a) \times f(b)] + [f'(b) \times f(a)] $$

$$ 1 hp = 745.70 Watts $$

$$ a_1 = a_0 - \frac {f(a_0)}{f'(a_0)} $$

Work = Change in Kinetic Energy + Change in Potential Energy + Work of Friction

F(displacement)(change in inclination) = (1/2mv^2) + (mg)(change in height) + (mu)(Force Normal)(cosine theta)(displacement)

Change in Kinetic Energy = (1/2)mv^2

Change in Potential Energy = mg(change in height)

Work of Friction = (mu)(mg)(sin theta)

PE(0) + KE(0) = PE(1) + KE(1) + W(f)

Absolute Gravitational Potential Energy = F(G) = -(GM(e)m(2))/r

Power = Work / Time

title: User:Inositle


text:
Talk:List of Soviet Union prison sites that detained Poles

Comments
I do not think that these sites detained Poles exclusively - do we have to have the same discussion for every page? Mark Richards 19:26, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, we do.
 * Mark, please don't do haste moves in topics you are not familiar with.
 * It *IS* the list of what it is. USSR had TENS OR THOUSANDS of prisons. Are you really ready to create such a list? Mikkalai 19:28, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * It took three days for me to figure out the meaning of this sublist and separate it from you know where; and lo! you already know everything. Mikkalai 19:31, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I am not claiming to know everything, but I do know that these sites did not detain only Poles - we might just as well title it List of Soviet Union prison sites that detained people whose name began with 'A'. Mark Richards 19:49, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * You probably even don't know your own language: the article is not called "List of prisons for Poles only". Mikkalai 19:53, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Nor is my suggestion to rename the article "List of prisons for people whose name begins with 'A' only". You stubornly refuse to address the issue of why this list is entitled 'for Poles', when it is patently about sites that were 'for' many people, including Poles. The title is deceptive, and does not acurately describe the contents. Mark Richards 20:34, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Language problem again: it is not named "... for Poles"; and the selection was exclusively by the principle reflected in the name. Mikkalai 20:38, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the problem is that these camps did not only detain Poles. Why not call it List of Soviet Union prison sites that detained people whose name began with 'A'? It would be true, in a sense, but deceptive because it does not tell the full story. It is a lie by ommision. Mark Richards 20:39, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I have reffered this to Requests for comment, since I am not able to understand what you are doing. Mark Richards 23:04, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Before I do too much work...
I would like to improve this article but before I do too much work have a few comments/questions.

The article talks of Poles not Polish citizens. If a source talks about “Polish citizens” can I assume that at least some are Ethnic Poles would be present or does it have to clear state Poles were present?

The article talks about “many Polish victims”//”both before and after the Second World War”. I am assuming during is included as well? Further is it worth dividing the prisons into periods (i.e. before WWII, during WWII and after WWII).

What does prison site mean? Prisons? Gulags/penal labor camps? What about those deported and dump in remote parts of Siberia but not in a camp?Jniech (talk) 19:18, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

It’s been almost a month since I ask the above questions. Unless someone answers them soon, then I plan to work on the article using the following guidelines:

Where it clearly indicates Ethnic Pole then I will simply add the reference. Where there is doubt I will indicate Polish citizens. I will cover victims from pre-WWII to end of the Soviet union. I will include all types of places used for imprisonment but will do my best to indicate different types. I may or may not divide the article into sections based on time or location or type of imprisonment once I have developed it. Jniech (talk) 15:04, 25 November 2008 (UTC)


text:
Bad Homburg

Bad Homburg vor der Höhe is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains. Bad Homburg is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. The town's official name is Bad Homburg v.d.Höhe, which distinguishes it from other places named Homburg. The town has become best known for its mineral springs and spa (hence the prefix Bad, meaning "bath"), and for its casino.

, Bad Homburg was one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (while the Hochtaunuskreis itself and the Landkreis Starnberg in Bavaria regularly vie for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany). , the town used the marketing slogan Champagnerluft und Tradition (Champagne air and tradition).

Medieval origins
Local tradition holds that Bad Homburg's documented history began with the mention of the Villa Tidenheim in the Lorsch codex, associated with the year 782. This Villa Tidenheim was equated with the historic city center, which is called Dietigheim. The local historian Rüdiger Kurth has questioned this traditional story based on his study of written sources and local factors. In 2002, Kurth initiated archaeological excavations by the University of Frankfurt, managed by Professor Joachim Henning. The excavations showed no evidence of settlement between the beginning of the Christian Era and the 13th century. It seems that the historical record in the Eberbach chronicles (Eberbacher Zeugenreihe) which mentions Wortwin (or Ortwin) von Hohenberch as Homburg's founder about 1180 is the first solid evidence of the town's existence.

As early as 1962, in an excavation under the Hirschgang wing of Bad Homburg Castle, two burnt layers were discovered, which the archaeologist Günther Binding interpreted as evidence of two former castles having occupied the site in succession and burnt down.

Further digs by the University of Frankfurt at Bad Homburg Castle in April 2006, again initiated by Kurth and managed by Prof. Henning, revealed only a single burnt layer, from a half-timbered building, possibly a castle with towers, which was dated from ceramic finds to the 12th or 13th century. Most likely this building had an association with Wortwin's "castle". A further cultural layer from an even earlier time may lie beneath these remains. Investigations using carbon-14 dating and micromorphological analysis will show whether the dating can be made more precise.

Homberg acquired market rights about 1330, but the document granting these rights is said to have been lost.

The town's name, "Homburg", is derived from the Hohenberg Castle. The suffix "vor der Höhe" was probably first recorded in a document of 1399. The designation Bad was conferred in 1912.

The first landgrave of Hessen-Homburg was Friedrich I of Hessen-Homburg. Friedrich II (1680–1708) attained fame as Prince of Homburg. In 1866, as a result of the Austro-Prussian War, Homburg became Prussian territory.

Spa town and imperial residence
With the beginning of the spa industry in the town in the mid-19th century, Homburg became an internationally famous spa town. Bad Homburg was favoured particularly by Russian nobility.

The spa industry began with the discovery of the Elisabethenbrunnen ("Princess Elizabeth's spring") in 1834. The first spa building and the first casino in Homburg were built in 1841–1842 by the brothers François (1806–1877) and Louis Blanc (1806–1852), who later owned the Monte Carlo Casino. In 1860, the town was connected with Frankfurt by a railway line.

In 1888, Homburg became known throughout the German Empire because Kaiser Wilhelm II made its castle his imperial summer residence. He later financed the building of the Church of the Redeemer (Erlöserkirche) nearby. The emperor's mother also lived there for several years. Edward VII of the United Kingdom was often a guest; it was he who introduced the Homburg hat and turned-up trousers. Edward took fasting cures at Homburg 32 times.

The Bad Homburger Golf Club in the Röderweisen in Dornholzhausen – now part of Bad Homburg – is Germany's oldest golf club. It had its beginnings in the Bad Homburg spa park, where the old clubhouse and even playable parts of the old golf course can still be found.

Not far away stands the Russian Chapel, properly called All Saints' Church, an Eastern Orthodox church whose cornerstone was laid by the Russian imperial couple on 16 October 1896, although they did not attend the church's consecration almost three years later.

King Chulalongkorn of Siam (Thailand) sent a garden pavilion in gratitude for a successful cure. It was erected in 1914.

Horex was a well known German motorcycle brand of the "Horex—Fahrzeugbau AG", founded in 1923 in Bad Homburg by Fritz Kleemann.

Jewish history

In 1335, permission was given by Emperor Louis IV to Gottfried von Eppstein to settle 10 Jews in each of the localities of Eppstein, Homburg, and Steinheim; it is uncertain, however, whether any Jews settled in Homburg at that time. Evidence for the existence of a permanent Jewish settlement in Homburg is found only at the beginning of the 16th century. Until 1600 it consisted of 2 or 3 families, and by 1632 these had increased to 16. The first Jewish cemetery was purchased in the 17th century. The community continued to grow so rapidly that in 1703 the landgrave Frederick II of Hesse decided on the construction of a special Judengasse (Jewish quarter). A synagogue, built in 1731, was replaced by a new one in 1867. The Jewish community of Homburg was originally part of the jurisdiction of the rabbinate of Friedberg but began to appoint its own rabbis in the 19th century.

A Hebrew printing house was located in Homburg by Seligmann ben Hirz Reis from 1710 until 1713, when he relocated to Offenbach am Main. Among other items, he published Jacob ibn Ḥabib's Ein Ya'akov (1712). Hebrew printing was resumed there in 1724 by Samson ben Salman Hanau but lack of capital limited his output. The press was acquired in 1736 by Aaron ben Ẓevi Dessau whose publications included the Shulhan Arukh (Ḥoshen Mishpat) with commentary (1742). The press was sold in 1748 and transferred in 1749 to Roedelheim. At the beginning of the 20th century, the spa of Homburg became a meeting place of Russian-Jewish intellectuals. The Jewish population numbered 604 (7.14% of the total population) in 1865, declining to 379 in 1910 (2.64%), and 300 in 1933. Of the 74 Jews who remained on 17 May 1939, 42 were deported in 1942/1943 to Concentration Camps, never to return.

Modern age
While the spa business experienced a long-term decrease after the two world wars, the town gained importance by becoming the site for headquarters of various authorities and administrative bodies. By autumn 1946, the military government had already ordered the founding of bizonal authorities. Bad Homburg was chosen as the seat of the financial administrative centre. On 23 July 1947, the Bizone Economic Council instituted the "Special Money and Credit Centre" here in preparation for currency reform. The centre was managed by Ludwig Erhard. After the Federal Republic of Germany—- West Germany—- was founded with its capital in Bonn, the Federal Debt Administration (Bundesschuldenverwaltung), the Office for Security Adjustment (Amt für Wertpapierbereinigung) and the Federal Equalization Office (Bundesausgleichsamt) stayed in Bad Homburg.

In the 20th century, Bad Homburg became a favourite residential area among the upper classes. On 30 November 1989, Alfred Herrhausen, the manager of Deutsche Bank, was killed and his driver was injured by a car bomb in Bad Homburg. It is alleged that this was an attack by the Red Army Faction, though this has never been proven.

Mayors

 * Karl Tettenborn 	— 	1892–1901
 * Ernst Ritter von Marx 	— 	1901–1905
 * Konrad Maß 	— 	1905–1907
 * Walter Lübke 	DVP 	1907–1924
 * Georg Eberlein 	DVP 	1924–1933
 * Richard Hardt 	NSDAP 	1933–1934
 * Erich Meusel 	NSDAP 	1933–1945
 * Georg Eberlein FDP, 1945–1948
 * Karl Horn CDU, 1948–1962
 * Armin Klein CDU, 1962–1980
 * Wolfgang Assmann CDU, 1980–1998
 * Reinhard Wolters CDU, 1998–2003 (his election was subsequently declared invalid; Wolters was thus never officially mayor. His official acts were not invalidated, however.)
 * Ursula Jungherr CDU, 2003–2009
 * Michael Korwisi Bündnis '90/Grüne, 2009–2015
 * Alexander Hetjes CDU, from 18 September 2015

Coat of arms
Bad Homburg's civic coat of arms was granted in 1903 but is said to date from the 15th century on the basis of seals known from that time, although they show a saltire rather than the two adzes seen today (the saltire might be two unclear adzes). The reason for the adzes in the arms is not known; it is possibly dialectal canting. The colours, with silver adzes in a blue field, have been in use at least since 1621.

Schools

 * Kaiserin-Friedrich-Gymnasium
 * Humboldtschule
 * Gesamtschule am Gluckenstein
 * Maria-Ward-Schule
 * Feldbergschule (branch Bad Homburg)

Sport
Baseball club Bad Homburg Hornets play in Germany's 2. Bundesliga, having competed in the country's first division until 2018.

The Bad Homburg Open is a WTA 250 tennis tournament held in the town in honour of its long legacy of playing and developing the sport. The inaugural Bad Homburg Open was held in 2021 and played on grass at the TC Bad Homburg. German player Angelique Kerber won the event. In 2024, it was upgraded to a WTA 500 event.

early times

 * Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1633–1708), successful and experienced general, eponymous hero of The Prince of Homburg
 * Friedrich Ludwig Abresch (1699–1782), Dutch philologist
 * Isaac von Sinclair (1775–1815), writer, diplomat and friend of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin
 * Ferdinand, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1783–1866), nobleman, last landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
 * Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg (1785–1846), noblewoman, acted as the first lady of Prussia from 1810 to 1840

19th c.

 * Károly Lotz (1833–1904), German-Hungarian painter
 * Louis Jacobi (1836–1910), architect and archaeologist, notable for his dig in Pompeii in 1889
 * Karl Wilhelm von Meister (1863–1935), German politician and diplomat
 * Heinrich Jacobi (1866–1946), architect and archaeologist of the Roman Empire, son of Louis Jacobi
 * Fritz von Loßberg (1868–1942), colonel, and later general, of WW1, a strategic defence planner
 * Ludwig von Salm-Hoogstraeten (1885–1944), controversial Austrian tennis player, competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
 * Rudolf von Eschwege (1895–1917), a fighter pilot in WW1, operating on the Macedonian front
 * Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888–1970), Nobel Prize-winning author (1966 together with Nelly Sachs)

20th c.

 * Walter Eckhardt (1906–1994), lawyer and local, national and Euro politician
 * Tilly Lauenstein (1916–2002), stage and film actress
 * Heinz Schmidt (1920–1943), German Luftwaffe officer
 * Judith Hemmendinger (born 1923), German-born Israeli researcher and author specializing in child survivors of The Holocaust
 * Johanna Quandt (1926–2015), very wealthy business woman, major shareholder of BMW
 * Wolfgang Strödter (1948–2021), field hockey player and 1972 Summer Olympics winner
 * Georg Schramm (born 1949), psychologist and Kabarett artist
 * Lorenz Jäger (born 1951), sociologist and journalist
 * Reinhard Genzel (born 1952), astrophysicist, co-director of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, a professor at LMU and an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy".
 * Cornelia Füllkrug-Weitzel (born 1955), parson and director of action Brot für die Welt (Bread for the World)
 * Keegan Gerhard (born 1960), award-winning pastry chef, former host of the Food Network series Food Network Challenge
 * Olaf Velte (born 1960), writer
 * Susanne Klatten (born 1962), daughter of Johanna Quandt, BMW heiress, one of the richest women of Germany
 * Martin Schneider (born 1964), comedian
 * Stefan Quandt (born 1966), billionaire BMW heir, engineer and industrialist.
 * Stella Deetjen (born 1970), founder and chair person of Back to Life e.V., a charitable organisation providing development assistance and emergency relief in Nepal
 * Marc Erwin Babej (born 1970), artist
 * Roland Böer (born 1970), conductor and festival manager

Twin towns – sister cities
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Cabourg, France
 * Chur, Switzerland
 * Dubrovnik, Croatia
 * 🏴 Exeter, England, United Kingdom
 * 🇨🇿 Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic
 * 🇦🇹 Mayrhofen, Austria
 * 🇱🇺 Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg
 * 🇷🇺 Petergof, Russia
 * 🇮🇹 Terracina, Italy

a.

title: Bad Homburg


text:
Talk:Morphou

Comments in 2004
Spelling should be Güzelyurt, can this be changed? --Yak 19:27, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

please let's not have an edit war on each town and village. As I said at the discussion on Dipkarpaz, Cyprus has two official languages, Greek and Turkish. The place to discuss the names and the invasion etc. is Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, or List of cities in Cyprus, or history of Cyprus, or whatever, everything else is a waste of time --Yak 15:49, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Comments in 2007
This entry appears biased toward the Greek Cypriot point of view, contains no discussion of the Turkish perspective on the referenced events and also contains no citations or independent sources as required by Wikipedia policy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.34.51.20 (talk) 16:54, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately this entry is very accurate. I was borned in Morphou in 1960. Morphou was then a beatiful town surrounded by orange trees and orange blossoms. It reminded me of Eden. In 1974 we were forced to leave the town by the Turkish troops. Since then turkish cypriots and settlers live in the town. They also dream of going back to their own hometowns since they are also refugees.Ick2 02:37, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

With all due respect Ick2, your comments about your personal interest in this topic only serve to underscore the point the previous editor made about the lack of neutrality in this entry. The page was appropriately marked as lacking in this respect, as well as in failing to comply with Wikipedia's standards for source citation. If you are unclear about these policies, you can find more information here: WP:NPOV Syme84 03:37, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

For the information of all. There is no such country as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". It is a PSEUDO-STATE that is only recognised by Turkey and not by any other country in the international community, nor by the United Nations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.7.46.54 (talk) 02:59, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

You know that Turkish Cypriots compressed to only 3% of the Cyprus island (from 40 %). Turks were happy in limassol just as you were happy in Morphou. Then, Greek Cypriots' EOKA Terror Organization applied etnic cleansing to Turks. While this was occuring, why did you raise your voice and prevent etnic-cleansing of Turks? United Nations Peace Force came to the Cyprus island in 1963 (11 years before Turkish action). If you prevented the Greek Cypriot Fanatics in that time, today Turks could be able to live in the south of the island as well, just as you could have been living in Morphou!!TimDuncanSupportsTRNC 12:32, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Assertion of "illegal naming"
I just wanted to note that there is no such thing as an "illegal name". Names that are opposed by the Republic of Cyprus may be endorsed by Northern Cyprus, but the international illegitimacy of Northern Cyprus does not automatically imply that the naming is illegal, to claim so would be original research and POV-pushing. To avoid bias and original research, most common names of settlements should be used, even in translations, which is certainly the case with Güzelyurt at the moment as it is almost universal in newspapers and publications, as well as more common in current vernacular language (just to note, an interesting case where the reverse may be true is Mağusa/Gazimağusa). Therefore, while Omorfo should by no means be excluded, Güzelyurt should be presented as the common usage. By the way, personally I do not object to the inclusion of Armenian names in the major towns even though I do see it as a bit irrelevant in such cases, due to the fact that it is an important part of Cypriot heritage (doing so for villages would be irrelevant on the other hand). The same could be applied for Maronite. However, is it possible to have transliterations or pronunciation in every article where such names are included? --GGT (talk) 17:53, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

 * The same could be applied for Maronite. Maronites did not even live in towns before 1974. In addition, Cypriot Arabic has not been codified; it has no standard, or even generally-accepted, orthography. Alakzi (talk) 18:17, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, you are right, apologies. --GGT (talk) 19:25, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

 * For the record, Omorfo has long been in the article and is the (official) Turkish name given in the RoC gazetteer. Alakzi (talk) 22:57, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

Status of consecration of church
What is the status of the church? Is it a church building that has been turned into a museum, without being de-consecrated? 46.212.241.63 (talk) 13:27, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Morphou


text:
Monolithic church

A monolithic church or rock-hewn church is a church made from a single block of stone. Because freestanding rocks of sufficient size are rare, such edifices are usually hewn into the ground or into the side of a hill or mountain. They can be of comparable architectural complexity to constructed buildings.

The term monolithic church is used of churches in various countries, not least the complex of eleven churches in Lalibela, Ethiopia, believed to have been created in the 12th century.

Ethiopia
The eleven monolithic churches in Lalibela are: The most famous of the edifices is the cross-shaped Church of St. George. Tradition credits its construction to the Zagwe dynasty King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, who was a devout Orthodox Tewahedo Christian. The medieval monolithic churches of this 12th-century "New Jerusalem" are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village. Lalibela is an important center of Ethiopian Christianity, and even today is a place of pilgrimage and devotion. Lalibela is one of the world's heritage sites registered by UNESCO. Many other churches were hewn from rock in Ethiopia, outside of Lalibela in Amhara Region. This practice was very common in Tigray, where the outside world knew of only a few such churches until the Catholic priest Abba Tewelde Medhin Josief presented a paper to the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies in which he announced the existence of over 120 churches, 90 of which were still in use. Despite Dr. Josief's death soon after his presentation, research over the next few years raised the total number of these rock-hewn churches to 153, particularly in the districts Kola Tembien, Degua Tembien, Hawzen and Sa'esa Tsada Amba. Their precise ages are not well defined but the majority were probably carved during the reigns of the emperors Dawit II (ca. 1380–1413 CE) and Zer’a Ya’iqob (1434–1468), and some possibly earlier when Anbessa Wudim (legendary date: 10th C.) or Yekuno Amlak (1270–1285) were in power. According to local belief excavation of the churches was started by a group of missionaries known as the 'Nine Saints', who arrived in Ethiopia from the Mediterranean region during the fifth or sixth century. Together with their Ethiopian followers these missionaries inspired a long tradition of monasticism, promoting isolation in remote and highly inaccessible locations such as those in which the rock-hewn churches are found. Preferred lithologies for church hewing were Adigrat Sandstone and Enticho Sandstone. The tradition continues up to the present, as rock-hewn churches are still being excavated today. Although the churches differ in design and structure, most consist basically of halls with a basilica architecture that includes three naves and a vestibule, pillars, vast ceilings, archways, and domes. Walls and ceilings are often decorated with rock carvings and colourful frescoes. Many of the medieval churches are still used today for Christian orthodox religious ceremonies and festivities.
 * Church of the Redeemer
 * Saint Marie
 * Mount Sinai
 * Golgotha
 * House of the Cross
 * House of the Virgins
 * Saint Gabriel
 * Abba Matta
 * Saint Mercurius
 * Immanuel
 * Church of St. George (Bete Giyorgis)

Other churches

There are a number of monolithic churches elsewhere in the world. However, none have the free-standing external walls of the Lalibela churches. They instead more closely resemble cave monasteries in that they consist of tunnels converging into a single rock. Examples include:

 * The Geghard monastery, Kotayk Province, Armenia
 * The Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo, Bulgaria near Ruse
 * The subterranean St. Jean Church in Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, France
 * Church in Saint-Émilion, France
 * Temppeliaukio Church in Helsinki, Finland
 * The subterranean rock churches in Cappadocia, Turkey which number beyond one thousand and contain some superb examples of Byzantine wall-paintings, representing both the academic classicizing trend in Byzantine art, and some archaic popular styles

title: Monolithic church


text:
User talk:Inositle

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title: User talk:Inositle


text:
Hikaru Midorikawa

Hikaru Midorikawa (緑川 光) is a Japanese voice actor from Otawara, Tochigi who is represented by Aoni Production. He is best known for the roles of Softon in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, Tamahome in Fushigi Yûgi, Seiran Shi in Saiunkoku Monogatari, Gridman in Gridman the Hyper Agent, Heero Yuy in Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, Kaede Rukawa in Slam Dunk, Ayato Sakamaki in Diabolik Lovers, Rantaro Amami in Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony, Zelgadis Greywords in Slayers, Ryuho in s-CRY-ed, Ein/Hayate from the Dead or Alive series, Marth from the Fire Emblem series, Akihiko Sanada from Persona 3, Lancer from Fate/Zero, Kyōsuke Natsume from Little Busters!, Sakamoto from Haven't You Heard? I'm Sakamoto, Zora Ideale from Black Clover, Kouga from Saint Seiya Omega, Ensign Nogami from The Cockpit, Garou from One-Punch Man, Cherry Blossom from SK8 the Infinity, and Lilia Vanrouge from Disney: Twisted-Wonderland.

Profile
Hikaru Midorikawa debuted as a voice actor in 1988 with his role as Murai from Be-Bop High School. He is one of the most well-known and prolific voice actors in Japan, with more than 200 anime credits and close to 70 game credits in his two-decade career. He is known for voicing bishounen characters, such as Lancer in Fate/Zero, Kyōsuke Natsume in Little Busters! and Little Busters! Refrain, Eiichi Ōtori in Uta no☆Prince-sama♪ Maji Love 2000%, Rukawa Kaede in Slam Dunk, Ayato Sakamaki in Diabolik Lovers, and Edgar Ashenbert in Earl and Fairy. He has also voiced Tsunagu Hakamada (aka Best Jeanist) in My Hero Academia and Vidaldus Taka in Fairy Tail.

Hikaru Midorikawa is also a J-Pop artist and was a member in several bands including Zero Phoenix and E.M.U. (Entertainment Music Unit) from the mid 1990s until the early 2000s. E.M.U. was formed by five voice actors from the radio drama Sotsugyou M (Male Graduation). The other members are Nobutoshi Canna (previously Hayashi), Ryōtarō Okiayu, Hideo Ishikawa, and Daisuke Sakaguchi. During their run from 1995 to 2000, the group released 8 CDs and four singles. Shortly before E.M.U. disbanded, Hikaru Midorikawa joined his fellow voice actor and friend, Nobutoshi Canna, to create a new group, Zero Phoenix. The duo released one CD, titled "Kirameki".

His voice ranges between E2 and A4 (slightly B4). While singing, he ranges between C or D.

Hikaru Midorikawa manages his own blog and is an avid gamer. He is a big fan of Super Robot Wars, having a blog entry on the SRW site; he is one of a few people to have a blog on Banpresto's "Supalog" website. As an SRW fan, Midorikawa does extra lines for his characters for free and sometimes acts as a beta tester for new games in the franchise. Usually the characters he is cast to play turn into one-man armies, namely Heero and Masaki in Super Robot Wars and Xingke in Code Geass.

Drama CDs

 * ... Virgin Love, Kaoru Kirishima
 * 110 Ban wa Koi no Hajimari series 1, Kazuhisa Itou
 * 110 Ban wa Koi no Hajimari series 2: 110 Ban wa Amai Kodou, Kazuhisa Itou
 * Afuresou na Pool
 * Ai to Bakudan Series
 * Ai de Kitsuku Shibaritai ~Koi Yori Hageshiku~, Issei Kirijima
 * Aijin Incubus, Rei
 * Aitsu to Scandal series 2: Houkago wa Scandal, Hisui Hizaki
 * Aitsu to Scandal series 3: Gakuensai wa Scandal, Hisui Hizaki
 * Alice=Alice, Ura (Dark) Alice
 * Amai Tsumi no Kajitsu, Tomoaki Kurihara
 * Analyst no Yuutsu series 2: Koi no Risk wa Hansenai, Kunihiro Igarashi
 * Analyst no Yuutsu series 3: Yuuwaku no Target Price, Kunihiro Igarashi
 * Analyst no Yuutsu series 4 (crossover with 3 Ji Kara Koi wo Suru series): Ai to Yokubou no Kinyuugai, Kunihiro Igarashi
 * Analyst no Yuutsu series 5: Ai no Rating AAA, Kunihiro Igarashi
 * Angel Game series 1: Angel Game Zenhen, Kaoru Takatou
 * Angel Game series 2: Angel Game Kouhen, Kaoru Takatou, Naoyuki Toujou
 * Baresuta, Gojasu99, Tonomura Genjyuurou
 * Baresuta Third, Gojasu99, Tonomura Genjyuurou
 * Boku no Gingitsune, Kouki Okada
 * Boku no Mono ni Narinasai series 1, Chikara Ōishi
 * Boku no Mono ni Narinasai series 2: Kimi no Tonaride Nemurasete, Chikara Ōishi
 * Boku no Mono ni Narinasai series 3: Ikeru Tokomade Ikouyo, Chikara Ōishi
 * Boku no Mono ni Narinasai series 4: Kitto Junai Toiunowa..., Chikara Ōishi
 * Danshiryou de Romance wo, Akito Inaba
 * Datenshi Game series 1: Datenshi Game Zenhen, Kaoru Takatou
 * Datenshi Game series 2: Datenshi Game Kouhen, Kaoru Takatou
 * Diabolik Lovers, Sakamaki Ayato
 * Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories, Adell
 * Dragon Knights, Kaistern, Kharl the Alchemist
 * Executive Boy, Yuuya Azumi
 * Fate/zero, Zero Lancer
 * Final Fantasy Tactics Advance, Llednar Twem
 * Hakushaku to Yōsei, Edgar J. C. Ashenbert
 * Himitsu no Kateikyoushi, Masato Sakurai
 * Hitomi wo Sumashite, Teru Makino
 * Junjou Boy Series 1: Junjou Boy Kinryouku, Jun Asaka
 * Junjou Boy Series 2: Junjou Heart Kaihouku, Jun Asaka
 * Juvenile Orion, Naoya Itsuki
 * Kairyuu Gakuen Twins series 1: Scandalous Twins, Akira Kujou
 * Kairyuu Gakuen Twins series 2: Dangerous Twins, Akira Kujou
 * Kakehiki wa Bed No Ue De, Nao Yusa
 * Kedamono series, Shuka Hamilton
 * Kiraini Naranai dene, Keisuke Maki
 * Koi no Shinsatsushitsu 1 & 2, Yoshiki Kuronuma
 * Koisuru Boukun (The Tyrant Falls in Love), Souichi Tatsumi
 * Kuroi Aijou, Ryou Katou
 * L'amour à la carte!, Kei Kobayakawa
 *  Lip on my prince, Sawaguchi Mahoro
 * Love Song ~Hanbun Tenshi~, Chinatsu Endou
 * Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha Sound Stage 01, Kyōya Takamachi
 * Mahou Gakuen Series 1: Binetsu Club, Raito Kisaragi
 * Mahou Gakuen Series 2: Himitsu Garden, Raito Kisaragi
 * Mahou Gakuen Series 3: Mugen Palace, Raito Kisaragi
 * Mahou Gakuen Series 4: Yuuwaku Lesson, Raito Kisaragi
 * Mahou Gakuen Series side story: Daiundoukai Zenyasai, Raito Kisaragi
 * Mede Shireru Yoru no Junjou, Kagerou
 * Mizuki-sensei Ki wo Tsukete, Mizuki Sakanaga
 * Mizuki-sensei Kiki Ippatsu, Tsukasa Kaidou
 * Naito wa Oatsuinoga Osuki series 1, Akira Kujou
 * Naito wa Oatsuinoga Osuki series 2: Naito wa Hageshiinoga Osuki, Akira Kujou
 * Nijuurasen series, Naoto Shinomiya
 * Ourin Gakuen series 1: Ikenai Seitokaishitsu, Yoshiaki Higano
 * Ourin Gakuen series 2: Ai no Sainou, Yoshiaki Higano
 * Ourin Gakuen series 3: Sakushi Boisu de Sasayaide, Yoshiaki Higano
 * ''Ore ni Suru? Boku ni Suru? 3
 * Papa to Mira series 1: Kiss in the Dark, Mira Munakata
 * Papa to Mira series 2: Loving All Night, Mira Munakata
 * Papa to Mira series 3: Deep in the Forest, Mira Munakata
 * Pearl series 1: Ijiwaru na Pearl, Ikumi Saijou
 * Pearl series 2: Yokubari na Pearl, Ikumi Saijou
 * Pearl series 3: Wagamama na Pearl, Ikumi Saijou
 * Pearl series 4: Kimagure na Pearl, Ikumi Saijou
 * Roots26S beatmania IIDX Spin-off Drama, Shirou Kanzaki
 * Rakuen no Uta, Shin Kurisu
 * Recipe, Junichi Kakizawa
 * Renai à la Carte!, Kanayoshi Kohaya
 * Saint Seiya Episode.G, Aquarius Camus
 * Saredo Futeki na Yatsura, Keigo Asamiya
 * Shinshitsu No Kagi Kaimasu, Nao Tsujidou
 * ''Shinsengumi Hiyokuroku Wasurenagusa Vol. 6
 * Shitsuji no Kare
 * Shounen Yonkei, Pochi
 * Sora wa akai kawa no hotori, Zananza Hatusili
 * Steal! Series 1: 1st Mission, Kei Fujigaya
 * Steal! Series 2: 2nd Mission, Kei Fujigaya
 * Steal! Series 3 part 1: Koisuru Valentine, Kei Fujigaya
 * Steal! Series 3 part 2: Aisare White Day, Kei Fujigaya
 * Sukisho, Sora Hashiba
 * Teikoku Sensenki, Si Eikei
 * Teito Shinshi Kurabu, Ikuya Nishimura
 * The Comic Artist and Assistants, Meisei Tomito
 * Three Wolves Mountain, Kaya Susugi
 * Togainu no Chi, Shiki
 * Tokyo Amatoria, Shizuku
 * Tokyo Crazy Paradise, Takuma Kozuki
 * Trinity Blood sound cinema, Tres Iqus
 * Tsumitsukuri na Kimi, Tatsuya Sakaki
 * Uwasa no Midori-kun!! Futari no Oji to Hadaka Hime no Fukushu, Tsukasa Hino
 * Warui Koto Shitai series, Mikado Shirahane
 * WRITERZ, Haru Nagisawa
 * Very Very Happiness, Nanami Moegi
 * Yamada Tarō Monogatari, Sugiura Keiichi
 * Yokubou no Vector, Akira Kawamuchi
 * Youma na Oresama to Geboku na Boku, Shino Tatsumi
 * Yume wa Kirei ni Shidokenaku, Tomoki Sakura
 * Yurigaoka Gakuen series 1: Heart mo Ace mo Boku no Mono, Kyou Mikagami
 * Yurigaoka Gakuen series 2: Kimidake no Prince ni Naritai, Kyou Mikagami, Madoka Morimura
 * Ze, Kotoha Mitou
 * Zenryousei Sakurabayashi Kan Gakuin ～Gothic～, Shiki

Video games
<!-- SOURCED BUT NEED NOTABILITY
 * 1996-04-05 || Seven Secret Museum || Ippei Asuka || SS ||
 * 1997-04-04 || Quo Vadis 2 ~ planet assault Ovan Ray - || Hull Balanchine || SS ||
 * 1997-04-18 || Quo Vadis Iberukatsu campaign || Hull Balanchine || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1997-07-04 || Planet attack machine Corps Little Cats || Tonyi || Other ||
 * 1997-08-08 || Ultra-God weapons Zeroiga || Runoa || Other ||
 * 1997-12-04 || Hop Step idle ☆ || Ryo Kosaka || SS ||
 * 1998-03-20 || Do not lose! Ma kendo Z || Lion Dotake (Kai concrete human Burakkuma fight over) || Other ||
 * 1998-04-09 || Ambition of Mobile Suit Gundam Gillen || Proto zero || SS ||
 * 1998-06-25 || Planet attack machine Corps Little Cats || Tonyi || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1998-07-30 || Splendour of the conspiracy - the graduation M ~ student body president || Togo Arai || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1998-07-30 || Dream ☆ Iloilo || Akira Okada || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1998-10-29 || Kaminariishiyumi machine soldier Guy Brave II || Grog || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1998-12-03 || Special hen night of Kamaitachi || Toru Yajima || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1999-01-14 || Sakadia || Mamoru Otsuka || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2000-01-20 || Smile of seven of secret museum horror || Kei Asuka || DC ||
 * 2000-03-16 || Summer color swordsmanship Komachi || Miyamoto YoTadashi || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2001-08-12 || Splash Summer || Mamiya JunFutoshi || Adult PC ||
 * 2002-01-17 || SIMPLE2000 series Ultimate Vol.1 Love ★ Smash! || Jack · K · Manson || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2002-08-08 || I want to L! || Tomoki Suwon || PC ||
 * 2002-08-09 || Of Cafe Lindbergh - we love psychology 2 to || Ichinose Susumu哉 || Adult PC ||
 * 2002-11-29 || My Agake under || Kurosaki Ichi哉 || Adult PC ||
 * 2002-07-26 || Silent Moon || Yoshikariha || Adult PC ||
 * 2002-11-29 || Kannagi no Tori || Renjaku || Adult PC ||
 * 2003-03-14 || Hoshikaitakara Retsuden || Illusion nurses of fantasy sea || Adult PC ||
 * 2003-03-28 || Marionette - yarn Tsukai - || Mikage Hiroki || Adult PC ||
 * 2003-05-04 || Nocturne - for the night Nocturne sleepless ~ || Ei Amemiya || Adult PC ||
 * 2003-07-03 || Game nurses legend Tetsuya 2 expert showdown at the summit || Wood seat God || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2003-09-25 || Sunrise World War From Sunrise Eiyuutan || Heero Yui / Liu Feng / KaminariCho Joe || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2003-09-26 || Month is the day to the east to the west || Tenkesaki Yusuke || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-02-27 || Boys of the ward Full Voice Version || Takuya Mitsui || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-03-19 || 24 hours, ~ Kaito Jade - that is your heart is stolen || Shin Aizawa || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-04-23 || Dream of empire thousand Senki Thousand and One Nights || Fumisurudo Kei || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-04-23 || Empire thousand Senki || Fumisurudo Kei || PC ||
 * 2004-05-14 || Carnival || Gaku Kimura || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-06-25 || MARIONETTE －糸使い－ || Mikage Hiroki || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-07-30 || Gakuen Prince ~ Gakuen conquest declaration ~ || Maitreya Kyoichi || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-08-27 || ja:オーガストファンBOX || Naoki Kusumi / Tenkesaki Yusuke || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-11-24 || Star of Princess 3 || Tsukiyomi || Adult PC ||
 * 2004-11-25 || ja:帝国千戦記 Empire thousand senki  || Fumisurudo Kei || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2004-12-25 || Maho Demy week number diary desktop accessories || Kisaragi thunder people || PC ||
 * 2005-03-31 || Cafe Lindbergh -summer season- カフェ・リンドバーグ-summer season- || Ichinose Susumu哉 || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2005-05-27 || A princess, which is? ja:プリンセスうぃっちぃず || Masaki Mido || Adult PC ||
 * 2005-06-30 || Stamp Out || Akae Masayuki || Adult PC ||
 * 2005-08-26 || Hanamachi Monogatari ja:花町物語 || Shuri || Adult PC ||
 * 2005-11-24 || War God - go Sagami - 戦神 -いくさがみ- || Mitsuhide Akechi || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2005-12-30 || We started Reaper training. 死神修行はじめました. || Glen || Adult PC ||
 * 2006-02-17 || It sakurazaka chome one address 桜坂一丁目一番地 || Azuma circle || Adult PC ||
 * 2006-03-24 || Lost child || Takashi Nakama || Adult PC ||
 * 2006-08-11 || SpellDown || Yuji Otowa || Adult PC ||
 * 2006-10-27 || Butlers - calling not a young lady - ja:バトラーズ〜召しませお嬢様〜 || Ukyo Shinji || Adult PC ||
 * 2006-11-22 || Reincarnation Gakuen moonlight book ja:転生學園月光録 || Taigoku round / Hikawanagi || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2006-10-27 || Laughter Land || Oswald || Adult PC ||
 * 2007-02-22 || Daughter detective-office love affair cherishing - 令嬢探偵 ～オフィスラブ事件慕～ || Four Seasons Kensuke || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2007-06-21 || My AGAKE under 俺の下であがけ || Kurosaki Ichi哉 || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2007-12-28 || Maid ★ beginning it was - I will take care of your husband like ~ メイド★はじめました ～ご主人様のお世話いたします～ || Hokuto much || Adult PCAs Hikaru ||
 * 2008-07-17 || Tsu poi! Summer experience! ? || Banri Kusaka || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2008-09-12 || Quiz Magic Academy DS || Kuronika || DS ||
 * 2007-08-24 || Lover Game || Aikawa Shuhei || Adult PCAs Hikaru ||
 * 2008-03-27 || Escort of Akatsuki || Sontoku Miyagawa || Adult PCAs 春城学幸 (Shunjogakuko) ||
 * 2008-09-25 || True Fortune ja:トゥルーフォーチュン || Kido Teisei || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2008-12-04 || Real Rode || Keith || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2008-12-13 || Crimson Empire ~ Circumstances to serve a noble ~ クリムゾン・エンパイア〜Circumstance to serve a noble〜 || Michael Faust = || PC ||
 * 2008-12-19 || Sweet Pool || Okinaga Zenya || Adult PC ||
 * 2008-12-25 || Holiday of Dawn escort ~ principal Tachi 暁の護衛 ～プリンシパルたちの休日～ || Sontoku Miyagawa || Adult PCAs 春城学幸 (Shunjogakuko) ||
 * 2009-04-23 || Chapter of Kanuchi the Black Wings カヌチ 黒き翼の章 || Interact Esta || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2009-04-23 || Little anchor リトルアンカー || Shiranami Yukino || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2009-04-30 || And prominence feelings to Earl and the Fairy Dream and Bonds 伯爵と妖精 ～夢と絆に想いを馳せて～ || Edgar · J · C · Ashenbato || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2009-10-23 || Hanakage - Fallen Mitsuhana - 花陰 -堕ちた蜜華- || Shu璃 || Adult PC ||
 * 2009-11-27 || Steal! || Fujike TaniToshi || Adult PC ||
 * 2009-12-04 || -True Or Lie there is a back anyone? - 誰にでも裏がある -True or Lie？- || Mikado interest people || PC ||
 * 2009-12-10 || 闘真 Den ja:闘真伝 || Fujimi Mamoru || Wii ||
 * 2010-02-11 || Quiz Magic Academy DS ~ two of the space-time stone ~ || Kuronika || DS ||
 * 2010-04-22 || Akatsuki of escort-sinful eschatology - 暁の護衛 ～罪深き終末論～ || Sontoku Miyagawa || Adult PCAs 春城学幸 (Shunjogakuko) ||
 * 2010-06-24 || Savage beast Tsukai and Prince 猛獣使いと王子様 || Matthias || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2010-11-25 || MiyabiKoi ~ MIYAKO ~ 雅恋 ～MIYAKO～ || Shikigami-弐号 || PSP ||
 * 2011-02-24 || Savage beast Tsukai and Prince ~ Snow Bride ~ || Matthias || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2011-03-30 || Seminary -Noli me tangere- || Leonid Owen || Adult PCAs Hikaru ||
 * 2011-04-22 || Icing Candy 籠の中のアリシス || Maximilian || PC ||
 * 2011-06-24 || Sekai colorful いろとりどりのセカイ || Kirishima drizzle || Adult PCAs Hikaru ||
 * 2011-11-24 || FabStyle || Divitto Fleming || DS ||
 * 2011-12-17 || True Kamaitachi night 11 glance of visitors ja:真かまいたちの夜 11人目の訪問者 || Masaya Ikeya || Other ||
 * 2012-03-29 || Ōmagatoki ~ ghost story romance ~ ja:逢魔時〜怪談ロマンス〜 || Shikibu dense || PSP ||
 * 2012-01-19 || Heroes Phantasia || Liu Feng, Zelgadis Greywords || PSP ||
 * 2013-01-31 || During twilight ~ ghost story romance ~ || Shikibu dense || PSP ||
 * 2013-05-23 || 0 o'clock bell and Cinderella ~ Halloween Wedding ~ ja:0時の鐘とシンデレラ〜Halloween Wedding〜 || Elmer = Ingram || PSP ||
 * 2013-05-23 || Paradise boys 楽園男子 || Matsushima Soushi || PSP ||
 * 2013-09-26 || It began youth! 青春はじめました！ || When the sky 閑灰 || PSP ||
 * 2014-02-27 || Sakigake! ! Man Juku ~ by Japan, this is the man! ~ 魁！！男塾 ～日本よ、これが男である！～ || Akaishi Tsuyoshitsugi || PS3 ||
 * 2014-04-24 || ''Chronostacia クロノスタシア || Clive Neal || PSP ||
 * 2014-06-29 || Chapter of all the host Shinra ~ God! ~ || Saiga || Other ||
 * 2014-07-31 || Witch King 魔女王 || Leonhard = Rosen Hein || PSP ||
 * 2014-11-27 || Knight of Labyrinth 2 Fafnir of New World Tree || hero || DS ||
 * 2015-03-19 || Colorful Sekai WORLD'S END -RE: BIRTH- いろとりどりのセカイ || Kirishima drizzle || OtherAs Hikaru ||
 * 2015-04-23 || New Edition Crimson Empire 新装版クリムゾン・エンパイア || Michael Faust = || Other ||
 * 2015-06-11 || Savage beast Tsukai and Prince ~ Flower & Snow ~ 猛獣使いと王子様 ～Flower & Snow～ || Matthias || Other ||
 * 2015-10-08 || Ayakashi rice ~ Tsu Omori! ~ あやかしごはん～おおもりっ！～ || Kitsunemori Gin || Other ||
 * 2015-10-22 || New Edition Witch King || Leonhard = Rosen Hein || Other ||
 * 2015-11-27 || Ayakashi rice ~ Tsu change you! ~ || Kitsunemori Gin || PC ||
 * 2016-02-25 || If, if you and God are in this world. もし、この世界に神様がいるとするならば. || Come real Masato || Other ||
 * 2016-02-25 || If God is in this world. もし、この世界に神様がいるとするならば. || Come Masato 来実マサト || ||
 * 2016-02-25 || Hundred Flower One Hundred Wolves - Sengoku Ninpo Sho - 百花百狼 ～戦国忍法帖～ || Ishikawa Goemon 石川五右衛門 || ||
 * 2016-02-25 || Hundred Flowers Hyakuokami ~ Sengoku Shinobu Fengcheng ~ 百花百狼 ～戦国忍法帖～ || Goemon Ishikawa || Other ||
 * 2016-04-21 || Balance of nil Adomirari imperial capital dazzle AyaginuTan ニル・アドミラリの天秤 帝都幻惑綺譚 || KomoYukaritaka || Other ||
 * 2016-04-21 || Balance of Nir · Admiraly Imperial capital dazzle ニル・アドミラリの天秤 帝都幻惑綺譚 || Kaidataka 隠由鷹 || ||
 * 2016-07-21 || 7 'scarlet 7'scarlet || Hanate ハナテ || ||

 * || Wynn back || Jean || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 1999-08 || Graffiti Showtime || Yukiwo || PS1/PS2 ||
 * 2013-02-07 || Heroes Vs. || Kamen Rider Nega Den-O || PSP ||
 * Heroes VS - Ultraman x Kamen Rider x Gundam (Kamen Rider Nega Den-O)

-->

title: Hikaru Midorikawa


text:
Ken Clark (actor)

Kenneth Donovan Clark (June 4, 1927 – June 1, 2009) was an American B movie actor. He appeared in movies in the United States and Europe, including the Secret Agent 077 trilogy, South Pacific, and a number of Spaghetti Westerns.

Early years
Clark was born in Neffs, Ohio. He enlisted in the Navy when he was 17, and after being honorably discharged, he sought a career as an actor. When that effort was unsuccessful, he found employment as a model and as a construction worker. He also worked as a coal miner in the mid 1950s near Cadiz Ohio.

Early career
Clark was originally contracted to 20th Century Fox. While working for that studio, he acquired a reputation as a “beefcake” actor similar to Richard Egan. He appeared in a variety of genres of film, including crime (Six Bridges to Cross), Western (The Last Wagon), and war film (Between Heaven and Hell). Additionally, in one of his final roles for Fox, he appeared in Elvis Presley’s debut motion picture, Love Me Tender. Fox dropped Clark following that picture, and his roles in the following years were often in lower-budget films.

Clark's most prominent role in American film came in 1958, when he was cast as Stewpot in South Pacific, an adaptation of the Broadway musical. His vocals were dubbed by Thurl Ravenscroft. Following the film’s premiere, the New York Times described Clark’s character as a “raffish gob.”

During this period, Clark made many guest star appearances on a variety of American TV shows, including four appearances on Alfred Hitchcock Presents. In 1959, he made an unsold private investigator TV pilot for a William Campbell Gault-inspired mystery series entitled Brock Callahan, directed by Don Siegel and written by Stirling Silliphant. That same year, he made a guest appearance in an episode of Western TV series Colt .45. During this period Clark had the lead in Attack of the Giant Leeches (1959) and 12 to the Moon (1960). The former is regarded by some as Clark’s “most memorable film.”

1960s: Agent 077
During the 1960s and 1970s, like many other American actors Clark went to Italy appearing in several sword and sandal films, Spaghetti Westerns and Eurospy films, including the Hercules film The Son of Hercules in the Land of Darkness, starring fellow American actor Dan Vadis, in 1963.

In 1965, Clark originated the role of Secret Agent Dick Mallory in the Agent 077 trilogy modeled on James Bond. In one of the pictures from that trilogy, From the East with Fury, Mallory seeks to rescue a kidnapped nuclear scientist.

1970s: Westerns
In 1971, Clark appeared alongside James Garner in Un Uomo Chiamo Slitta (translated as A Man Called Sledge).

Personal life and death
Clark was married to Bette Lola (Kruger) Blatt; a widow and her young daughter. They further had five children together and separated when he left for Europe to continue his acting career. Bette died in 1980.

According to fellow actor Robert Woods, Clark died of a heart attack in Rome, Italy on June 1, 2009, three days before his 82nd birthday, shortly after a taping for a program on the mid-1960s Eurospy genre on the TV series Starcult.

Partial filmography
Adapted from IMDb and TV Guide.

 * 1956 On the Threshold of Space Sergeant Ike Forbes
 * 1956 The Proud Ones as Pike
 * 1956 The Last Wagon as Sergeant
 * 1956 Between Heaven and Hell as Morgan
 * 1956 Love Me Tender as Mr. Kelso
 * 1957 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 2 Episode 39: "The Dangerous People") as "Policeman"
 * 1957 The True Story of Jesse James as Sergeant (uncredited)
 * 1958 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 3 Episode 17: "The Motive") as Plain Clothes Policeman
 * 1958 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 3 Episode 28: "Lamb to the Slaughter") as Mike the Policeman Assistant
 * 1958 South Pacific as Stewpot
 * 1959 The Shaggy Dog as FBI Agent (uncredited)
 * 1959 Attack of the Giant Leeches as Steve Benton
 * 1960 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 5 Episode 30: "Insomnia") as Fireman
 * 1960 Heller in Pink Tights as Soldier Warning the Travelers (uncredited)
 * 1960 12 to the Moon as Captain John Anderson
 * 1961 Re Manfredi / King Manfred as Astolfo
 * 1963 Hercules Against the Mongols as Sayan
 * 1963 Jacob and Esau as Esau
 * 1964 None But the Lonely Spy as Robert Liston
 * 1964 Hercules the Invincible as Kabol
 * 1964 FX 18 Secret Agent as Francis Coplan
 * 1964 Hercules Against the Barbarians as Kubilai
 * 1964 The Road to Fort Alamo as Bud Massidy
 * 1965 Agent 077: Mission Bloody Mary as Dick Malloy
 * 1965 Agent 077: From the Orient with Fury as Dick Malloy
 * 1966  / Savage Gringo / Gunman Called Nebraska as Nebraska
 * 1966 Special Mission Lady Chaplin as Dick Malloy
 * 1967 Tiffany Memorandum as Dick Hallam
 * 1967 Desert Commandos as Captain Fritz Schoeller
 * 1968 The Fuller Report as Dick Worth
 * 1969 Tarzana, the Wild Girl as Glen Shipper
 * 1970 A Man Called Sledge as Floyd
 * 1981 Teste di quoio as Colonnello Stern
 * 1985 Twice in a Lifetime as Flower Man
 * 1989 Arena as Marcus Diablo

title: Ken Clark (actor)


text:
Historic value

Historic value (or historical value) is an increase in value because of historical aging. Original materials and signs of craftmanship are important to historic value, while later-date changes can diminish it.

Records and documents
With regard to items like library records or written documents, historical value can mean that the item contains "unique information, regardless of age, which provides understanding of some aspect of the government and promotes the development of an informed and enlightened citizenry."

Real property
The increase in the value of a property, due to its historic value is based on the property's age, quality, and rarity. A property's historic value may be due to being associated with a historical activity, event, period, or person, or it may have particular historical architectural properties.

Art-historic value
In art, historic value is sometimes called art-historic value. This is independent of a work's aesthetic value and is based on it being an important part of art history.

title: Historic value