text:
1926 in sports

1926 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

American football

 * NFL championship – Frankford Yellow Jackets (14–1–2)
 * Rose Bowl (1925 season):
 * The Alabama Crimson Tide won 20–19 over the Washington Huskies to share the college football national championship

Association football
England Germany Greece
 * The Football League – Huddersfield Town 57 points, Arsenal 52, Sunderland 48, Bury 47, Sheffield United 46, Aston Villa 44
 * FA Cup final – Bolton Wanderers 1–0 Manchester City at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
 * Huddersfield Town is the first team to win the League championship title three times in succession.
 * National Championship – SpVgg Fürth 4–1 Hertha BSC at Frankfurt
 * Formation of the Hellenic Football Federation (HFF)

Athletics
Sweden
 * the Second Women's World Games, Gothenburg

Australian rules football
VFL Premiership Brownlow Medal
 * Melbourne wins the 30th VFL Premiership: Melbourne 17.17 (119) d Collingwood 9.8 (62) at Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)
 * The annual Brownlow Medal is awarded to Ivor Warne-Smith (Melbourne)

Bandy
Sweden
 * Championship final – Västerås SK 1-0 IK Sirius

Baseball
World Series Negro leagues
 * 2–10 October — St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeats New York Yankees (AL) to win the 1926 World Series by 4 games to 3
 * Rube Foster, founder of the Negro National League (NNL) and owner and manager of the Chicago American Giants, suffers a nervous breakdown and has to be confined to an asylum. His protégé Dave Malarcher takes over as manager and leads the team to the NNL pennant.
 * The Chicago American Giants (NNL) defeat the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, New Jersey (ECL), 5 games to 3, in the 1926 Colored World Series.
 * Mule Suttles of the St. Louis Stars hits a Negro leagues record 27 home runs. His .498 batting average and 21 triples are also records.

Basketball
ABL Championship

 * Cleveland Rosenblums over Brooklyn Arcadians (3–0)

Boxing
Events Lineal world champions
 * 23 September — Gene Tunney defeats Jack Dempsey over 10 rounds in Philadelphia to win the World Heavyweight Championship
 * Tiger Flowers twice defeats Harry Greb for the World Middleweight Championship but then loses it to former World Welterweight Champion Mickey Walker who holds it until 1931
 * World Heavyweight Championship – Jack Dempsey → Gene Tunney
 * World Light Heavyweight Championship – Paul Berlenbach → Jack Delaney
 * World Middleweight Championship – Harry Greb → Tiger Flowers → Mickey Walker
 * World Welterweight Championship – Mickey Walker → Pete Latzo
 * World Lightweight Championship – Rocky Kansas → Sammy Mandell
 * World Featherweight Championship – Louis "Kid" Kaplan → vacant
 * World Bantamweight Championship – Charley Phil Rosenberg
 * World Flyweight Championship – vacant

Canadian football
Grey Cup
 * 14th Grey Cup – Ottawa Senators 10–7 Toronto Varsity Blues

Cricket
Events England Australia India New Zealand South Africa West Indies
 * 31 May — India, New Zealand and West Indies are elected as Full Members of the Imperial Cricket Conference, increasing the number of nations playing Test cricket from three to six.
 * England regains The Ashes from Australia by winning the five-match Test series 1–0. After the first four Tests are drawn, England wins the final match at The Oval by 289 runs.
 * County Championship – Lancashire
 * Minor Counties Championship – Durham
 * Most runs – Jack Hobbs 2949 @ 77.60 (HS 316*)
 * Most wickets – Charlie Parker 213 @ 18.40 (BB 8–73)
 * Wisden Cricketers of the Year – George Geary, Harold Larwood, Jack Mercer, Bert Oldfield, Bill Woodfull
 * Sheffield Shield – New South Wales
 * Most runs – Arthur Richardson 904 @ 50.22 (HS 227)
 * Most wickets – Clarrie Grimmett 59 @ 30.40 (BB 6–76)
 * Victoria score 1,107 against New South Wales at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in December 1926 - still the largest innings total in first-class cricket.
 * Bombay Quadrangular – Hindus
 * Plunket Shield – Wellington
 * Currie Cup –  not contested
 * Inter-Colonial Tournament – Trinidad and Tobago

Cycling
Tour de France
 * Lucien Buysse (Belgium) wins the 20th Tour de France

Figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships
 * World Women's Champion – Herma Szabo (Austria)
 * World Men's Champion – Willi Böckel (Austria)
 * World Pairs Champions – Andreé Joly-Brunet and Pierre Brunet (France)

Golf
Events Major tournaments Other tournaments
 * Bobby Jones becomes the first golfer to win the British and US Open titles in the same year.
 * British Open – Bobby Jones
 * US Open – Bobby Jones
 * USPGA Championship – Walter Hagen
 * British Amateur – Jess Sweetser
 * US Amateur – George Von Elm

Horse racing
England Australia Canada France Ireland USA
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – Koko
 * Grand National – Jack Horner
 * 19 April – Willie Watkinson, the Grand National-winning jockey, dies three weeks after his victory in a fall at Bogside, Scotland
 * 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Pillion
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Colorado
 * The Derby – Coronach
 * The Oaks – Short Story
 * St. Leger Stakes – Coronach
 * Melbourne Cup – Spearfelt
 * King's Plate – Haplite
 * Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Biribi
 * Irish Grand National – Amberwave
 * Irish Derby Stakes – Embargo
 * Kentucky Derby – Bubbling Over
 * Preakness Stakes – Display
 * Belmont Stakes – Crusader

Ice hockey
Stanley Cup Events
 * 30 March to 6 April — Montreal Maroons defeats Victoria Cougars in the 1926 Stanley Cup Finals by 3 games to 1
 * Allan Cup – University of Toronto defeats Port Arthur Bearcats
 * Memorial Cup – Calgary Canadians defeats Queen's University
 * The professional Western Hockey League folds; most players are sold for $300,000 to the National Hockey League (NHL).
 * December — new expansion teams debut in the NHL: Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Cougars and New York Rangers

Lacrosse
Events
 * Rosabelle Sinclair establishes the United States' first women's lacrosse team at Bryn Mawr School

Nordic skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
 * 2nd FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1926 are held at Lahti, Finland

Rowing
The Boat Race
 * 27 March — Cambridge wins the 78th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

Rugby league
England Australia
 * Championship – Wigan
 * Challenge Cup final – Swinton 9–3 Oldham at Athletic Grounds, Rochdale
 * Lancashire League Championship – Wigan
 * Yorkshire League Championship – Hull Kingston Rovers
 * Lancashire County Cup – Swinton 15–11 Wigan
 * Yorkshire County Cup – Dewsbury 2–0 Huddersfield
 * NSW Premiership – South Sydney 11–5 University (grand final)

Rugby union
Five Nations Championship
 * 39th Five Nations Championship series is shared by Ireland and Scotland

Speed skating
Speed Skating World Championships
 * Men's Allround Champion @ Trondheim, Norway – Ivar Ballangrud (Norway)
 * Overall Ladies World Champion @ Saint John, New Brunswick – Lela Brooks (Canada)
 * World Outdoor Champion – Charles Gorman (Canada)
 * International Outdoor Champion in pack style – John Farrell (United States)

Tennis
Australia England France USA Davis Cup
 * Australian Men's Singles Championship – John Hawkes (Australia) defeats James Willard (Australia) 6–1 6–3 6–1
 * Australian Women's Singles Championship – Daphne Akhurst Cozens (Australia) defeats Esna Boyd Robertson (Australia) 6–1 6–3
 * Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship – Jean Borotra (France) defeats Howard Kinsey (USA) 8–6 6–1 6–3
 * Wimbledon Women's Singles Championship – Kitty McKane Godfree (Great Britain) defeats Lilí de Álvarez (Spain) 6–2 4–6 6–3
 * French Men's Singles Championship – Henri Cochet (France) defeats René Lacoste (France) 6–2 6–4 6–3
 * French Women's Singles Championship – Suzanne Lenglen (France) defeats Mary Browne (USA) 6–1 6–0
 * American Men's Singles Championship – René Lacoste (France) defeats Jean Borotra (France) 6–4 6–0 6–4
 * American Women's Singles Championship – Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (Norway) defeats Elizabeth Ryan (USA) 4–6 6–4 9–7
 * 1926 International Lawn Tennis Challenge – 4–1  at Germantown Cricket Club (grass) Philadelphia, United States

title: 1926 in sports


text:
Coral Reefs

Coral Reefs is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to the study of coral reefs. It was established in 1982 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the International Society for Reef Studies, of which it is the official journal. This journal also acts as the International Coral Reef Society. The editor-in-chief is Morgan Pratchett (James Cook University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.095. According to Springer the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.902, five year impact factor of 3.880, and as of 2021 has 454,744 downloads.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Coral Reefs


text:
Coronary arteries

The coronary arteries are the arterial blood vessels of coronary circulation, which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. The heart requires a continuous supply of oxygen to function and survive, much like any other tissue or organ of the body.

The coronary arteries wrap around the entire heart and both lungs. The two main branches are the left coronary artery and right coronary artery. The arteries can additionally be categorized based on the area of the heart for which they provide circulation. These categories are called epicardial (above the epicardium, or the outermost tissue of the heart) and microvascular (close to the endocardium, or the innermost tissue of the heart).

Reduced function of the coronary arteries can lead to decreased flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. Not only does this affect supply to the heart muscle itself, but it also can affect the ability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. Therefore, any disorder or disease of the coronary arteries can have a serious impact on health, possibly leading to angina, a heart attack, and even death.

Structure
The coronary arteries are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries, both of which give off several branches, as shown in the 'coronary artery flow' figure.

 * Coronary arteries flow.png
 * Left coronary artery
 * Left anterior descending artery
 * Left circumflex artery
 * Posterior descending artery
 * Ramus or intermediate artery
 * Right coronary artery
 * Right marginal artery
 * Posterior descending artery

The left coronary artery arises from the aorta within the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It branches into two arteries, the left anterior descending and the left circumflex. The left anterior descending artery perfuses the interventricular septum and anterior wall of the left ventricle. The left circumflex artery perfuses the left ventricular free wall. In approximately 33% of individuals, the left coronary artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery which perfuses the posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle. Sometimes a third branch is formed at the fork between left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries, known as a ramus or intermediate artery.

The right coronary artery (RCA) originates within the right cusp of the aortic valve. It travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart. The RCA primarily branches into the right marginal arteries, and, in 67% of individuals, gives place to the posterior descending artery. The right marginal arteries perfuse the right ventricle and the posterior descending artery perfuses the left ventricular posterior and inferior walls.

There is also the conus artery, which is only present in about 45 percent of the human population, and which provides collateral blood flow to the heart when the left anterior descending artery is occluded.

Clinical significance
Narrowing of the arteries can be caused by a process known as atherosclerosis (most common), arteriosclerosis, or arteriolosclerosis. This occurs when plaques (made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances) build up over time in the walls of the arteries. Coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease are the terms used to describe narrowing of the coronary arteries.

As the disease progresses, plaque buildup can partially block blood flow to the heart muscle. Without enough blood supply (ischemia), the heart is unable to work properly, especially under increased stress. Stable angina is chest pain on exertion that improves with rest. Unstable angina is chest pain that can occur at rest, feels more severe, and/or last longer than stable angina. It is caused by more severe narrowing of the arteries.

A heart attack results from a sudden plaque rupture and formation of a thrombus (blood clot) that completely blocks blood flow to a portion of the heart, leading to tissue death (infarct).

CAD can also result in heart failure or arrhythmias. Heart failure is caused by chronic oxygen deprivation due to reduced blood flow, which weakens the heart over time. Arrhythmias are caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart that interferes with the heart's electric impulse.

The coronary arteries can constrict as a response to various stimuli, mostly chemical. This is known as a coronary reflex.

There is also a rare condition known as spontaneous coronary artery dissection, in which the wall of one of the coronary arteries tears, causing severe pain. Unlike CAD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection is not due to plaque buildup in arteries, and tends to occur in younger individuals, including women who have recently given birth or men who do intense exercise.

Coronary artery dominance is described as the coronary artery that give branches to supply the right posterior descending artery and supplies the inferior wall of the heart. In 80 to 85% of the population, the right coronary artery supplies the posterior descending artery, making it right heart dominant while in 7 to 13% of the population, the left coronary artery supplies the posterior descending artery, making it left heart dominant. In 7 to 8% of the population, both right and left coronary arteries supplies the posterior descending artery, making it right and left co-dominance. Narrowing of coronary arteries is more frequent in those who are left dominant when compared to those who have right dominant or co-dominant hearts.

Name etymology
The word corona is a Latin word meaning "crown", from the Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnè, "garland, wreath"). It was applied to the coronary arteries because of a notional resemblance (compare the photos).

The word arterie in Anglo-French (artaire in Old French, and artērium in Latin) means "windpipe" and "an artery". It was applied to the coronary arteries because the arteries do not contain blood after death.

title: Coronary arteries


text:
1928 in sports

1928 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

American football

 * NFL championship – Providence Steam Roller (8–1–2)
 * USC Trojans – college football national championship shared with Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets

Association football
England Germany Spain
 * The Football League – Everton 53 points, Huddersfield Town 51, Leicester City 48, Derby County 44, Bury 44, Cardiff City 44
 * FA Cup final – Blackburn Rovers 3–1 Huddersfield Town at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
 * National Championship – Hamburger SV 5–2 Hertha BSC at Hamburg-Altona
 * La Liga (Primera División del España), a professional top football league of Spain, was officially founded on February 10.

Australian rules football
VFL Premiership Brownlow Medal
 * Collingwood wins the 32nd VFL Premiership: Collingwood 13.18 (96) d Richmond 9.9 (63) at Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)
 * The annual Brownlow Medal is awarded to Ivor Warne-Smith (Melbourne)

Bandy
Sweden
 * Championship final – IF Göta 5-3 IK Sirius

Baseball
World Series
 * 4–9 October — New York Yankees (AL) defeats St. Louis Cardinals (NL) to win the 1928 World Series by 4 games to 0

Basketball
ABL Championship

 * New York Celtics over Fort Wayne Hoosiers (3–1)

Bobsleigh
Olympic Games (Men's Competition)
 * A 5-man bob event is held at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St Moritz.
 * The gold medal is won by USA II ahead of USA I (silver) and Germany II (bronze).

Boxing
Events Lineal world champions
 * 26 July — Gene Tunney's final fight is a 12th-round technical knockout of Tom Heeney in the Bronx; the World Heavyweight Championship becomes vacant until 1930
 * World Heavyweight Championship – Gene Tunney → vacant
 * World Light Heavyweight Championship – Tommy Loughran
 * World Middleweight Championship – Mickey Walker
 * World Welterweight Championship – Joe Dundee
 * World Lightweight Championship – Sammy Mandell
 * World Featherweight Championship – vacant → Tony Canzoneri → Andre Routis
 * World Bantamweight Championship – vacant
 * World Flyweight Championship – vacant

Canadian football
Grey Cup
 * 16th Grey Cup – Hamilton Tigers 30–0 Regina Roughriders

Cricket
Events England Australia India New Zealand South Africa West Indies
 * The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is inaugurated.
 * The West Indian team touring England in the 1928 season is the first to play Test cricket but is not very successful, losing all three Tests by an innings and winning only five out of 30 first-class matches.
 * County Championship – Lancashire
 * Minor Counties Championship – Berkshire
 * Most runs – Frank Woolley 3352 @ 60.94 (HS 198)
 * Most wickets – Tich Freeman 304 @ 18.05 (BB 9–104)
 * Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Leslie Ames, George Duckworth, Maurice Leyland, Sam Staples, Jack White
 * Sheffield Shield – Victoria
 * Most runs – Bill Ponsford 1217 @ 152.12 (HS 437)
 * Most wickets – Clarrie Grimmett 42 @ 27.40 (BB 8–57)
 * Bombay Quadrangular – Europeans
 * Plunket Shield – Wellington
 * Currie Cup – not contested
 * Inter-Colonial Tournament – Trinidad and Tobago

Cycling
Tour de France
 * Nicolas Frantz (Luxembourg) wins the 22nd Tour de France

Field hockey
Olympic Games (Men's Competition)
 * Gold Medal – India
 * Silver Medal – Netherlands
 * Bronze Medal – Germany

Figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships
 * World Women's Champion – Sonja Henie (Norway)
 * World Men's Champion – Willi Böckel (Austria)
 * World Pairs Champions – Andreé Joly-Brunet and Pierre Brunet (France)

Golf
Major tournaments Other tournaments
 * British Open – Walter Hagen
 * US Open – Johnny Farrell
 * USPGA Championship – Leo Diegel
 * British Amateur – Philip Perkins
 * US Amateur – Bobby Jones

Horse racing
England Australia Canada France Ireland USA
 * Champion Hurdle –Brown Jack
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – Patron Saint
 * Grand National – Tipperary Tim
 * 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Scuttle
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Flamingo
 * The Derby – Felstead
 * The Oaks – Toboggan
 * St. Leger Stakes – Fairway
 * Melbourne Cup – Statesman
 * King's Plate – Young Kitty
 * Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Kantar
 * Irish Grand National – Don Sancho
 * Irish Derby Stakes – Baytown
 * Kentucky Derby – Reigh Count
 * Preakness Stakes – Victorian
 * Belmont Stakes – Vito

Ice hockey
Stanley Cup
 * 5–14 April — New York Rangers defeats Montreal Maroons in the 1928 Stanley Cup Finals by 3 games to 2

Nordic skiing
Olympic Games (Men's Competition)
 * Cross-country skiing (18 km) – gold medal: Johan Grøttumsbråten (Norway)
 * Cross-country skiing (50 km) – gold medal: Per-Erik Hedlund (Sweden)
 * Ski jumping – gold medal: Alf Andersen (Norway)
 * Nordic combined – gold medal: Johan Grøttumsbråten (Norway)

Olympic Games
1928 Winter Olympics 1928 Summer Olympics
 * The 1928 Winter Olympics takes place at St Moritz in Switzerland (February 11 - February 19)
 * Norway wins the most medals (15) and the most gold medals (6)
 * The 1928 Summer Olympics takes place at Amsterdam (July 28 - August 12)
 * United States wins the most medals (56) and the most gold medals (22)

Radiosport
Events
 * First ever organised radio contest is held: the ARRL International Relay Party, sponsored by the American Radio Relay League

Rowing
The Boat Race
 * 28 March — Cambridge wins the 80th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

Rugby league
England Australia
 * Championship – Swinton
 * Challenge Cup final – Swinton 5–3 Warrington at Central Park, Wigan
 * Lancashire League Championship – Swinton
 * Yorkshire League Championship – Leeds
 * Lancashire County Cup – Swinton 5–2 Wigan
 * Yorkshire County Cup – Dewsbury 8–2 Hull
 * NSW Premiership – South Sydney 26–5 Eastern Suburbs (grand final)

Rugby union
Five Nations Championship
 * 41st Five Nations Championship series is won by England who complete the Grand Slam

Snooker
World Championship
 * 2nd World Snooker Championship is won by Joe Davis who defeats Fred Lawrence 16–13

Speed skating
Speed Skating World Championships 1928 Winter Olympics
 * Men's All-round Champion – Clas Thunberg (Finland)
 * 500m – gold medal: Bernt Evensen (Norway)
 * 1500m – gold medal: Clas Thunberg (Finland)
 * 5000m – gold medal: Ivar Ballangrud (Norway)
 * 10000m – cancelled due to thawing ice
 * All-round – removed from program

Tennis
Australia England France USA Davis Cup
 * Australian Men's Singles Championship – Jean Borotra (France) defeats Jack Cummings (Australia) 6–4 6–1 4–6 5–7 6–3
 * Australian Women's Singles Championship – Daphne Akhurst Cozens (Australia) defeats Esna Boyd Robertson (Australia) 7–5 6–2
 * Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship – René Lacoste (France) defeats Henri Cochet (France) 6–1 4–6 6–4 6–2
 * Wimbledon Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeats Lilí de Álvarez (Spain) 6–2 6–3
 * French Men's Singles Championship – Henri Cochet (France) defeats René Lacoste (France) 5–7 6–3 6–1 6–3
 * French Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeats Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (Great Britain) 6–1 6–2
 * American Men's Singles Championship – Henri Cochet (France) defeats Francis Hunter (USA) 4–6 6–4 3–6 7–5 6–3
 * American Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeats Helen Jacobs (USA) 6–2 6–1
 * 1928 International Lawn Tennis Challenge – 4–1  at Stade Roland Garros (clay) Paris, France

title: 1928 in sports


text:
Talk:Retrosexual

Untitled
As noted, this page was moved in from Wiktionary. The original entry was submitted anonymously. I was unsure as to the copyright status, so noted it and assumed that some Wikipedia denizen would Do The Right Thing before too long.

My guess is that the copyrights had not been cleared, and that linking to wordspy is indeed the Right Thing in any case. The Wiktionary entry has had the copyrighted bits removed entirely.

There was certainly never any intent to run afoul of US copyright law or Wikipedia policy, and I apologize if I have done so.

 * I've paraphrased the definition from the wordspy site (I don't believe that that is copyright infringement) in the temp site. Darkcore 04:33, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Editprotected request
editprotected

Please add R from merge for categorization purposes. Thanks. -- œ ™ 02:50, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

 * . ≈ Chamal talk ¤ 08:13, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Protected edit request on 21 August 2021
I want to put this template and intentionally sitelink this to Q4393724 Tacielle (talk) 22:09, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: this is not the right page to request additional user rights. You may reopen this request with the specific changes to be made and someone will add them for you.  -ink&fables  «talk»  10:15, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Retrosexual


text:
Courageous

Courageous describes a person possessing courage. It may also refer to:

 * Courageous (film), a Christian film by Sherwood pictures
 * "Courageous" (song), a 2011 Casting Crowns song based on the film
 * HMS Courageous, several ships of the Royal Navy
 * RSS Courageous, a Fearless class patrol vessel
 * USCGC Courageous (WMEC-622), a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter
 * Courageous (yacht), a 12-metre class yacht

title: Courageous


text:
Honda Inspire

The Honda Inspire (ホンダ・インスパイア) is a mid-size sedan derived from the Honda Accord chassis. The first Inspire debuted in late 1989 as the Accord Inspire, a sister nameplate to the Honda Vigor. It was sold at different retail channels in Japan, known as Honda Verno for the Vigor/Saber, and as the Inspire at Honda Clio stores.

Nameplate history
In 1995, the Inspire was updated and exported to the US as the Acura 3.2 TL, while the Vigor nameplate was replaced with the Honda Saber. The longitudinal 2.5L straight-five engine layout and platform remained and was sold as the Acura 2.5 TL.

In 1999, these cars were replaced by the second generation TL that was based on the US-spec Accord platform, and largely designed and engineered in the US by Honda R&D Americas, Inc. in Raymond, Ohio. Manufactured in the US, these were imported into Japan as the new Inspire and Saber.

In June 2003, the fourth-generation Inspire was introduced in Japan derived from the North American Honda Accord V6. This Inspire marks the first time Honda introduced their Variable Cylinder Management technology. In October 2005, the fourth-generation Inspire received a mild restyle, with new headlights, new tail lights, revised interior and new colors. The Inspire targeted the Nissan Teana, the Toyota Mark X and numerous other entry level luxury cars from Japan.

In October 2007, the fifth-generation Inspire was previewed at the Tokyo Motor Show. It is essentially a rebadged 2008 North American market Accord with minor exterior and interior modifications.

In September 2012, after six generations and 23 years, along with the introduction of the ninth-generation Accord, the Inspire ended production for a six-year period. It was then relaunched in 2018 as a China-only model based on the tenth-generation Accord.

First generation (CB5, CC2 & CC3; 1989)
On October 12, 1989, the Honda Accord Inspire was introduced. The platform was shared with the Honda Vigor, a JDM Honda Accord derived five-cylinder luxury sedan available only at Honda Verno dealerships. The Inspire was introduced during the bubble developed in Japan which would burst in the early 1990s (known in Japan as the "bubble economy"). The SOHC four valves per cylinder G20A inline-five engine was all new and was also used in the JDM Honda Rafaga, which was a shorter sedan shared with the second generation Honda Ascot. In Japan, the smaller G20A engine used regular grade fuel, while the larger G25A engine used premium grade fuel.

The body style was a four-door hardtop, but it wasn't a true hardtop, using a "B" pillar between the front and rear passenger compartments, and instead it used frameless doors. The Inspire was available in two versions; a shorter and narrower version badged as the Accord Inspire, with a G20A 2.0-liter engine in compliance with Japanese vehicle size requirements for cars classified as "compact". The CB5 Inspire was offered in three trim levels: the base AZ-i with manual transmission, AG-I with fog lamps and optional sunroof as well as central locking, and the top spec luxury AX-i with leather upholstery, more safety features and full cruise control as well as power seats. A longer and wider version with the G20 (CC3) or with the new G25A 2.5-liter engine (CC2) debuted in early 1992, similar in dimensions to the first generation Legend. The larger CC2 and CC3 Inspire was a mild makeover of the first CB5 Inspire, featuring updated full-width boot lamps (the updated Vigor had conventional single lamp units) with less chrome, larger bumpers with new wrap-around cornering lamp design (instead of the optional separate units like the CB5) and mesh alloy wheels. The new Inspire offered fewer trim levels and the 2-liter inline-five received a minor upgrade, with power creeping up from 160 to 165 PS. The new 2.5 develops 190 PS. The CC2/CC3 Inspire shared more features with the Acura Vigor under a 'wide-body' marketing campaign with minor differences. The smaller-bodied Accord Inspire continued to be available alongside the larger CC2/CC3 until the introduction of the second generation Inspire, as it fit a much lower tax category.

The Inspire offered a luxurious approach to the interior as a lower price alternative to the top level Legend, and both vehicles were sold at Honda Clio dealerships. Interior appearance was provided by the Japanese furniture company, Tendo Mokko, offering unique leather interior and a choice of genuine wood inserts for the dashboard and center console.

The transmission is attached behind the engine, with a driveshaft that sends power to the front of the car to an asymmetrically installed limited-slip differential which then supplies power to the front wheels using half shafts; this allowed the powertrain to remain slightly behind the front wheels. This also gave the car a 60:40 front to rear weight distribution. The turning radius of the Inspire also was not as tight as its competitors due to the use of Constant-velocity joint installed on the front axle half shafts, but the Inspire did have an advantage in adverse traction conditions.

Second generation (UA1–UA3; 1995)

The second generation Inspire was almost identical in its dimensions to the first generation 1986 Honda Legend, with that vehicle having been updated and enlarged to better fit the role of flagship for the Honda and Acura brands. The second generation Inspire was available with the Type I 3.2 L V6 offered in the Legend on July 6, 1995, while still offering the straight 5 in both 2.0 L and 2.5 L versions. The profile of this vehicle was reduced somewhat to 1405 mm. The luxury approach was enhanced. A carryover from the previous generation saw marginal increases in length, width, and height dimensions for vehicles installed with the V6 engine, but the smaller dimensions were not in compliance with Japanese government regulations concerning dimensions and maximum engine displacement, thereby giving buyers an incentive in interior accommodations when purchasing the V6 model. Each engine choice obligated the Japanese buyer with increased annual road tax liability, and one trim level package was designated with the engine choice, offering stepped levels of standard and luxury equipment for each selection.

The Inspire, sold at Honda Clio dealerships, was also known as the (Honda Saber) and sold at the Honda Verno sales network, and mechanically identical to the UA1-UA3 Inspire. Starting with this generation, all Inspire and Saber vehicles were manufactured at Honda's Marysville Auto Plant in Ohio, USA.

November 8, 1996 saw the introduction of dual airbags for front seat passengers and anti-lock brakes as standard.

This version of the Inspire competed with the Toyota Camry Gracia, Mark II, Cresta and Chaser, the Nissan Cefiro and Skyline, the Mazda Millenia, and the Mitsubishi Diamante.

Third generation (UA4 & UA5; 1998)
The third generation Honda Inspire/Saber was introduced October 15, 1998, and was the first Honda designed and built in the US and exported to Japan. In North America, this vehicle was sold as the Acura TL, while in Japan it was the second model that accompanied the flagship Honda Legend at Honda Clio Japanese dealerships. The Saber version of this car was sold as the top level sedan at Honda Verno. Honda's internet-based navigation system Internavi was introduced with this generation.

The Inspire no longer offered the straight-five engine, and instead offered the VTEC-equipped 3.2-litre J32A and 2.5-litre J25A V6 engines, and a choice of a 4- or 5-speed automatic transmission. The bodystyle was changed from hardtop to sedan as a result of the USA-spec Accord having been upgraded to meet USA requirements for improved side impact protection. A cabin air filter, also known as a pollen filter is introduced with this generation and is located behind the glove compartment for all vehicles sold internationally.

The Honda Saber was discontinued April 2003 along with the consolidation of the Honda Japan sales networks Primo, Clio and Verno.

Fourth generation (UC1; 2003)
The fourth generation Honda Inspire was introduced June 18, 2003. This vehicle was built at the Saitama Prefecture facility in Sayama, Japan. It was built on the same platform as the North American seventh generation Honda Accord. Unlike the North American variant it was based on, the Inspire would only come in the sedan body style, while powertrain was only available with the 3.0 L J30A V6 with i-VTEC, and a 5-speed automatic transmission. It was available in three trims including 30TE, 30TL, and AVANZARE, with the latter being the highest trim. A 30TE limited trim would be available for the 2005 model year.

Styling would be consistent between the Inspire and Accord it was based upon. Notable differences would include standard fog lights on all trims, a redesigned grill, and a new light on the trunk lid. The headlights are different as well featuring High-intensity discharge lamp bulbs for the low beams. A new styling was introduced November 4, 2005, changing both the front grille and rear tail lights, in which LED lighting would be implemented.

This was the first vehicle to showcase Honda's Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) technology. Another technology introduced on the Inspire was Honda's Collision Mitigation Brake System (CMBS, originally introduced as CMS). Honda also made available its Intelligent Highway Cruise Control (IHCC), "C-MOS", which utilized a front-mounted camera to assist in unwanted lane drifting. An Internet-based navigation service called Internavi is available for drivers in Japan.

Fifth generation (CP3; 2007)
The fifth generation Honda Inspire was released on December 21, 2007 in Japan. Like the fourth generation Inspire, the fifth generation would be based on the North American eighth generation Honda Accord. Unlike the North American car it was based upon, and like its predecessor, the fifth generation Inspire would only be available as a sedan with a V6. It would use a similar 5-speed automatic transmission, but power would be increased by switching to the 3.5 L J35Z2 i-VTEC VCM V6 (marked as J35A-80).

Unlike its North American relative, the Inspire continued to have technologies such as Collision Mitigation Brake System (CMBS), Intelligent Highway Cruise Control (IHCC), and Honda's Internavi telematics subscription service. A notable change would be the change to Electric power-steering (EPS). This was in effort to reduce power demands on the engine, thereby improving fuel economy.

There are few exterior and interior differences between this Inspire and the Southeast Asian Honda Accord. Sales of this generation of the Inspire ended September 2012 in Japan.

Sixth generation (CV4 & CV6; 2018)
The sixth generation Inspire was released in 2018 as a sedan designed exclusively for the Chinese market. It is based on the North American tenth generation Honda Accord with a redesigned front and rear DRG. The sixth generation Inspire is made by Dongfeng Honda to replace the Spirior.

It is available with either the 1.5-liter L15B7 inline-four or the 2-liter LFB11/12 inline-four.

Seventh generation (CY; 2023)
The seventh-generation Inspire, based on the eleventh-generation Accord, went on sale in late May 2023.

title: Honda Inspire


text:
Software law

Software law refers to the legal remedies available to protect software-based assets. Software may, under various circumstances and in various countries, be restricted by patent or copyright or both. Most commercial software is sold under some kind of software license agreement.

title: Software law


text:
Talk:Software law

NPOV
No references. Completely subjective phrases like "draconian pretrial seizure" and "Copyrights on command languages enforce gratuitous incompatibility, close opportunities for competition, and stifle incremental improvements."

This has been up for a long time and it's bad. PJ Rey (talk) 09:48, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Not very neutral, is it? Qaz 04:36, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Sadly not. You should read FOLDOC's article on software patents... Stewart Adcock 05:56, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I just removed this text:

 * A patent normally covers the design of something with a function such as a machine or process. Copyright restricts the right to make and distribute copies of something written or recorded, such as a song or a book of recipes. Software has both these aspects - it embodies functional design in the algorithms and data structures it uses and it could also be considered as a recording which can be copied and "performed" (run).

 * "Look and feel" lawsuits attempt to monopolize well-known command languages; some have succeeded. Copyrights on command languages enforce gratuitous incompatibility, close opportunities for competition, and stifle incremental improvements.

 * Software patents are even more dangerous; they make every design decision in the development of a program carry a risk of a lawsuit, with draconian pretrial seizure. It is difficult and expensive to find out whether the techniques you consider using are patented; it is impossible to find out whether they will be patented in the future.

 * The proper use of copyright is to prevent software piracy - unauthorised duplication of software. This is completely different from copying the idea behind the program in the same way that photocopying a book differs from writing another book on the same subject.

 * --Pnm (talk) 04:38, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Software law


text:
1929 in sports

1929 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

American football

 * NFL championship – Green Bay Packers (12–0–1)
 * Rose Bowl (1928 season):
 * The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets won 8–7 over the California Golden Bears to share the college football national championship
 * Notre Dame Fighting Irish – college football national championship
 * 28 November – Ernie Nevers scores 6 rushing touchdowns for Chicago Cardinals against Chicago Bears

Association football
Ecuador England Germany
 * Emelec of Guayaquil officially founded on April 28.
 * The Football League – Sheffield Wednesday 52 points, Leicester City 51, Aston Villa 50, Sunderland 47, Liverpool 46, Derby County 46
 * FA Cup final – Bolton Wanderers 2–0 Portsmouth at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
 * National Championship – SpVgg Fürth 3–2 Hertha BSC at Nuremberg

Australian rules football
VFL Premiership Brownlow Medal
 * Collingwood achieves the only perfect home-and-away season in VFL/AFL history, but lose the second semi-final to 8.13 (61) to 18.15 (123)
 * Collingwood wins the 33rd VFL Premiership, beating Richmond 11.13 (79) to 7.8 (50) in the 1929 VFL Grand Final.
 * The annual Brownlow Medal is awarded to Albert Collier (Collingwood)

Bandy
Sweden
 * Championship final – IF Göta 5-1 Västerås SK

Baseball
World Series
 * April 16 - New York Yankees become 1st team to use numbers on uniforms
 * 8–14 October — Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL) to win the 1929 World Series by 4 games to 1.

Basketball
ABL Championship Europe France
 * Cleveland Rosenblums over Fort Wayne Hoosiers (4–0)
 * Italian club Virtus Bologna, officially founded.
 * Limoges CSP, was founded in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on November 13.

Boxing
Events Lineal world champions
 * September — having successfully defended the World Light Heavyweight Championship this year against both Mickey Walker and James J. Braddock, Tommy Loughran relinquishes the title to fight as a heavyweight
 * World Heavyweight Championship – vacant
 * World Light Heavyweight Championship – Tommy Loughran → vacant
 * World Middleweight Championship – Mickey Walker
 * World Welterweight Championship – Joe Dundee → Jackie Fields
 * World Lightweight Championship – Sammy Mandell
 * World Featherweight Championship – Andre Routis → Bat Battalino
 * World Bantamweight Championship – vacant → "Panama" Al Brown
 * World Flyweight Championship – vacant

Canadian football
Grey Cup
 * 17th Grey Cup – Hamilton Tigers 14–3 Regina Roughriders

Cricket
Events England Australia India New Zealand South Africa West Indies
 * Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) organises the England tour of Australia in the 1928–29 season. England retains The Ashes, winning the first four Tests against Australia and losing the last for a 4–1 series victory. But, ominously for England, a young batsman called Don Bradman makes his Test debut for Australia.
 * County Championship – Nottinghamshire
 * Minor Counties Championship – Oxfordshire
 * Most runs – Frank Woolley 2804 @ 56.08 (HS 176)
 * Most wickets – Tich Freeman 267 @ 18.27 (BB 10–131)
 * Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Ted Bowley, K. S. Duleepsinhji, Tuppy Owen-Smith, Walter Robins, Bob Wyatt
 * Sheffield Shield – New South Wales
 * Most runs – Don Bradman 1690 @ 93.88 (HS 340*)
 * Most wickets – Clarrie Grimmett 71 @ 34.25 (BB 6–109)
 * Bombay Quadrangular – Parsees
 * Plunket Shield – Auckland
 * Currie Cup – Western Province
 * Inter-Colonial Tournament – British Guiana

Cycling
Tour de France
 * Maurice De Waele (Belgium) wins the 23rd Tour de France

Figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships
 * World Men's Champion – Gillis Grafström (Sweden)
 * World Women's Champion – Sonja Henie (Norway)
 * World Pairs Champions – Lilly Scholz and Otto Kaiser (Austria)

Golf
Major tournaments Other tournaments
 * British Open – Walter Hagen
 * US Open – Bobby Jones
 * USPGA Championship – Leo Diegel
 * British Amateur – Cyril Tolley
 * US Amateur – Jimmy Johnston

Horse racing
England Australia Canada France Ireland US
 * Champion Hurdle – Royal Falcon
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – Easter Hero
 * Grand National – Gregalach
 * 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Taj Mah
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Mr Jinks
 * The Derby – Trigo
 * The Oaks – Pennycomequick
 * St. Leger Stakes – Trigo
 * Melbourne Cup – Nightmarch
 * King's Plate – Shorelint
 * Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Ortello
 * Irish Grand National – Alike
 * Irish Derby Stakes – Kopi
 * Kentucky Derby – Clyde Van Dusen
 * Preakness Stakes – Dr. Freeland
 * Belmont Stakes – Blue Larkspur

Ice hockey
Stanley Cup
 * 28–29 March — Boston Bruins defeats New York Rangers by 2 games to 0 in the 1929 Stanley Cup Finals

Lacrosse
Events
 * The Intercollegiate Lacrosse League is renamed the U.S. Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA).

Nordic skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
 * 4th FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1929 are held at Zakopane, Poland

Rowing
The Boat Race
 * 23 March — Cambridge wins the 81st Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

Rugby league

 * The Australia national rugby league team embarked on the 1929–30 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.

England Australia
 * Championship – Huddersfield
 * Challenge Cup final – Wigan 13–2 Dewsbury at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
 * Lancashire League Championship – Swinton
 * Yorkshire League Championship – Huddersfield
 * Lancashire County Cup – Wigan 5–4 Widnes
 * Yorkshire County Cup – Leeds 5–0 Featherstone Rovers
 * NSW Premiership – South Sydney 30–10 Newtown (grand final)

Rugby union
Five Nations Championship
 * 42nd Five Nations Championship series is won by Scotland

Snooker
World Championship
 * 3rd World Snooker Championship is won by Joe Davis who defeats Tom Dennis 19–14

Speed skating
Speed Skating World Championships
 * Men's All-round Champion – Clas Thunberg (Finland)

Tennis
Australia England France US Davis Cup
 * Australian Men's Singles Championship – Colin Gregory (Great Britain) defeats Richard Schlesinger (Australia) 6–2 6–2 5–7 7–5
 * Australian Women's Singles Championship – Daphne Akhurst Cozens (Australia) defeats Louise Bickerton (Australia) 6–1 5–7 6–2
 * Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship – Henri Cochet (France) defeats Jean Borotra (France) 6–4 6–3 6–4
 * Wimbledon Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (US) defeats Helen Jacobs (US) 6–1 6–2
 * French Men's Singles Championship – René Lacoste (France) defeats Jean Borotra (France) 6–3 2–6 6–0 2–6 8–6
 * French Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (US) defeats Simonne Mathieu (France) 6–3 6–4
 * American Men's Singles Championship – Bill Tilden (US) defeats Francis Hunter (US) 3–6 6–3 4–6 6–2 6–4
 * American Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (US) defeats Phoebe Holcroft Watson (Great Britain) 6–4 6–2
 * 1929 International Lawn Tennis Challenge – 3–2  at Stade Roland Garros (clay) Paris, France

title: 1929 in sports


text:
E. M. Wright

Sir Edward Maitland Wright (13 February 1906 – 2 February 2005) was an English mathematician, best known for co-authoring An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers  with G. H. Hardy. He served as the Principal of the University of Aberdeen from 1962 to 1976.

Career
He was born in Farnley, near Leeds, Yorkshire, where his father was a soap manufacturer. He moved to the south of England with his mother when his parents separated.

After obtaining a first-class mathematics degree as a self-taught external student at the University of London, Wright studied at Jesus College, Oxford and Christ Church, Oxford. His research career lasted from 1931 until the early 1980s, firstly on a Research Fellowship at Christ Church, which included a year in Göttingen, Germany. He was then appointed a lecturer at Christ Church, teaching there until 1935 followed by his appointment as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Aberdeen. He held that chair from 1936 to 1962, except for a break during the war (from 1943 to 1945) when he was seconded to the Air Ministry Intelligence at MI6 headquarters. He became Vice-Principal of the University in 1961 and Principal and Vice-Chancellor from 1962 until he stood down in 1976. He nevertheless continued to work as a Research Fellow at the University until 1983. A building there is named after him in recognition of his service to the university.

Wright worked in many different subspecialties, including number theory and graph theory, and published over a hundred papers. Most of his work focused on analytic number theory.

Honours and awards
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1937 and awarded their Makdougall Brisbane Prize in 1952.

He was elected to the London Mathematical Society in 1929 and awarded their Senior Berwick Prize in 1978.

He was knighted in 1977 and awarded the Gold Medal of the Order of Polonia Restituta of Poland in 1978.

Private life
He died in Reading shortly before his 99th birthday. He had married Phyllis Harris of North Wales, with whom he had a son, the mathematician John D. M. Wright.

title: E. M. Wright


text:
Steamer

Steamer may refer to:

Transportation

 * Steamboat, smaller, insular boat on lakes and rivers
 * Steamship, ocean-faring ship
 * Screw steamer, steamboat or ship that uses "screws" (propellers)
 * Steam yacht, luxury or commercial yacht
 * Paddle steamer, steamboat or ship with a paddlewheel
 * Steam car, generic term for a car powered by a steam engine
 * Stanley Steamer, model of steam-powered car
 * Steam locomotive, locomotive propelled by steam-operated pistons

Sports

 * Steamer Flanagan (1881–1947), Major League Baseball player
 * Steamer Horning (1892–1982), American football player
 * Steamer Maxwell (1890–1975), Canadian amateur ice-hockey player
 * Stan Smyl (born 1958), captain of the Vancouver Canucks, nicknamed "the Steamer"

Other uses

 * Steamer (milk), a flavored milk drink
 * Steamer (wetsuit), covers the torso and arms and legs
 * Steamer trunk, a type of luggage
 * The Steamer, an album by jazz saxophonist Stan Getz
 * Clothes steamer
 * Food steamer
 * Fastball, nickname for the baseball pitch
 * Soft-shell clam, nickname for soft-shell clams
 * Tachyeres, steamer ducks

title: Steamer


text:
Robert L. Gibson

Robert Lee "Hoot" Gibson (born October 30, 1946), (Capt, USN, Ret.), is a former American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, and aeronautical engineer. A retired NASA astronaut, he also served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1992 to 1994. Today Gibson is active as a professional pilot, racing regularly at the annual Reno Air Races. He was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2003 and the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2013, and has received several military decorations throughout his career.

Early life and education
Gibson was born October 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, New York. He graduated from Huntington High School, Huntington, New York as a part of the Class of 1964, and went on to earn an Associate degree in engineering science from Suffolk County Community College in 1966. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from California Polytechnic State University in 1969.

Military career
Gibson entered active duty with the U.S. Navy in 1969. He was commissioned through the Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS), and proceed to flight training. He received basic and primary flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola and Naval Air Station Saufley Field, Florida, and Naval Air Station Meridian, Mississippi. He completed advanced flight training at Naval Air Station Kingsville, Texas and was assigned to Fighter Squadron 121 (VF-121) at Naval Air Station Miramar, California for replacement training in the F-4 Phantom II.

While assigned to Fighter Squadron 111 (VF-111) and Fighter Squadron 1 (VF-1) from April 1972 to September 1975, he saw duty aboard aircraft carriers USS Coral Sea (CVA-43) and USS Enterprise (CVN-65), flying combat missions in Southeast Asia in the F-4 with VF-111 and making the initial operational carrier deployment of the F-14 Tomcat with VF-1. He is a graduate of the Navy Fighter Weapons School, also known as "TOPGUN."

Gibson returned to the United States and an assignment as an F-14A instructor pilot with Fighter Squadron 124 (VF-124) at Naval Air Station Miramar. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland in June 1977 and later became involved in the test and evaluation of improvements to the F-14A aircraft while assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Aircraft Test Directorate.

Selected as a NASA astronaut, he continued to be promoted, eventually achieving the rank of captain in the U.S. Navy and the rank at which he retired from active naval service.

Charles F. Bolden, his copilot on STS-61-C, described Gibson and John Young as the two best pilots he had met "in my life in aviation, over thirty-five years; never met two people like them. Everyone else gets into an airplane; John and Hoot wear their airplane. They're just awesome".

Gibson's flight experience included over 6,000 flying hours (14,000 hours in total) in over 140 types of civil and military aircraft. He holds an airline transport pilot license. In 2006 he was required to stop flying for the airlines because he reached his 60th birthday. He still holds a multi-engine and instrument rating. He has held a private pilot rating since age 17. Gibson has also completed over 300 carrier landings.

NASA career
Selected by NASA in January 1978, Gibson became an astronaut in August 1979. Gibson flew five missions: STS-41-B in 1984, STS-61-C in 1986, STS-27 in 1988, STS-47 in 1992, and STS-71 in 1995. Gibson served as Chief of the Astronaut Office (December 1992 to September 1994) and as Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations (March–November 1996).

On his first space flight, Gibson was the pilot on the crew of STS 41-B which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984. The flight accomplished the deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites which later failed to reach desired geosynchronous orbits due to upper-stage rocket failures. The STS 41-B mission marked the first checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR), with Bruce McCandless II and Bob Stewart performing two EVAs (spacewalks). The German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), Remote Manipulator System (RMS), six "Getaway Specials", and materials processing experiments were included on the mission. The eight-day orbital flight of Challenger culminated in the first-ever landing at the Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984.

Gibson was the commander of the STS-61-C mission, and the first of only four people under the age of 40 to command an STS Orbiter. The seven-man crew on board the Orbiter Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986. During the six-day flight, the crew deployed the SATCOM Ku satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. The mission concluded with a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18, 1986.

Gibson subsequently participated in the investigation of the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, and also participated in the redesign and recertification of the solid rocket boosters.

As the commander of STS-27, Gibson and his five-man crew launched from the Kennedy Space Center on December 2, 1988, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. The mission carried a Department of Defense payload, and a number of secondary payloads. After 68 orbits of the Earth the mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base on December 6, 1988. The mission is noteworthy due to the severe damage Atlantis sustained to its critical heat-resistant tiles during ascent.

When in training for the 1991 STS-46 mission, Gibson was involved in a collision during a weekend air race in Texas that left a second pilot dead and raised questions about the enforcement of rules banning such high-risk activity by expensively trained astronauts. He lost his flight status on NASA's T-38 training aircraft for one year, thus being unable to participate in the training for the mission.

On Gibson's fourth space flight, the fiftieth Space Shuttle mission, he served as commander of STS-47, Spacelab-J, which launched on September 12, 1992, aboard the Orbiter Endeavour. The mission was a cooperative venture between the United States and Japan, and included the first Japanese astronaut, Mamoru Mohri, and the first African-American woman, Mae Jemison, in the crew. During the eight-day flight, the crew focused on life science and materials processing experiments in over forty investigations in the Spacelab laboratory, as well as scientific and engineering tests performed aboard the Orbiter Endeavour. The mission ended with a successful landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on September 20, 1992.

On his last flight, (June 27 to July 7, 1995), Gibson commanded a crew of seven-members (up) and eight-members (down) on Space Shuttle mission STS-71. This was the first Space Shuttle mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir, and involved an exchange of crews. The Atlantis Space Shuttle was modified to carry a docking system compatible with the Russian Mir Space Station. It also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed various life sciences experiments and data collections. When the hatch separating the two modules was opened, Gibson and Vladimir Dezhurov shook hands, symbolizing the newly-found cooperation between the United States of America and the Russian Federation. Later that day, President Bill Clinton in a statement mentioned that this handshake was a major breakthrough towards the ending of the Cold War.

When giving public speeches, Gibson often jokes that he ended the Cold War.

In five space flights, Gibson completed a total of 36.5 days in space.

Post-NASA career
Gibson left NASA in November 1996 and became a pilot for Southwest Airlines. In 2006, as reported by NASA Watch, Gibson was forced to retire as mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration for commercial airline pilots. Gibson has publicly spoken out against federal regulations which require airline pilots to retire at age 60. In December 2006, he joined the Benson Space Company as chief operating officer and chief test pilot. Gibson has flown 111 different aircraft types, and has become a regular competitor at the annual Reno Air Races. In 1998, Gibson flying the Hawker Sea Fury "Riff-Raff" won the Unlimited Class in the Inaugural Running of the EAA AirVenture Cup Race.

Beginning in 2009, Gibson flew as a demonstration pilot for Hawker Beechcraft Corporation to showcase the Premier 1A light business jet across the United States and overseas.

In 2010, The Academy of Model Aeronautics, the United States' national aeromodeling organization, named Gibson a spokesperson and Ambassador to promote the hobby of radio controlled model flight and to encourage an interest in aviation amongst young people. Gibson has stated that his interest in manned flight and his career as a test pilot and astronaut has its origin in his building of model aircraft as a youth. Gibson remains an avid radio controlled model hobbyist and is reportedly constructing a flyable version of the experimental vertical take off and landing Convair XFY-1 Pogo of the 1950s.

Gibson worked with the National Transportation Safety Board following the 2011 Reno Air Races crash. This was documented in an Air Disasters episode several years later.

In September 2013, Gibson qualified the Hawker Sea Fury known as "September Fury" in race #232 at the 50th National Championship Air Races at a speed of 479.164 mph. This is the fastest Sea Fury qualifying time.

In September 2015, Gibson qualified the P-51D, known as "Strega" at the 52nd National Championship Air Races at a speed of 475.043, and won the Gold Unlimited Race finishing at 488.983 mph average speed. He was crowned the Unlimited Gold Champion for 2015.

Personal life
On May 30, 1981, he married fellow astronaut, Rhea Seddon of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Their first child was born in July 1982. Gibson already had one child, a daughter, from his first marriage. Gibson and Seddon had two further children.

Gibson enjoys home-built aircraft, Formula One Air Racing, Unlimited Class Air Racing, running and surfing during his free time.

In October 2007, Gibson was a contestant on Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?. During his appearance, he became the first contestant to make it to the million-dollar question without using any of his cheats. He incorrectly answered the $1,000,000 question ("How many factors do 32 and 28 share?"). The correct answer is three; 1, 2, and 4. He answered with two (2 and 4). All of his prize money ($25,000) went to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation.

Awards and honors

 * Awarded the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) "Louis Blériot Medal" (1991 and 2004)
 * Awarded the "Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal" by the FAI
 * Awarded the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) "Freedom of Flight" Award (1989)
 * U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame (2003)
 * National Aviation Hall of Fame (2012)
 * Established FAI world records for "Altitude in Horizontal Flight," Airplane Class C1A in 1991, "Time to Climb to 9000 Meters" in 1994 and "Speed over a closed course" in 2004.
 * Awarded the William F. Shea award for contribution to aviation from the University of Nebraska-Omaha Aviation Institute (2012)
 * U.S. Space Camp Hall of Fame (2012)

Military awards include the:
 * Defense Superior Service Medal
 * Distinguished Flying Cross
 * Air Medal (3)
 * Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V"
 * Navy Unit Commendation
 * Meritorious Unit Commendation
 * National Defense Service Medal (2)
 * Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
 * Humanitarian Service Medal
 * Vietnam Service Medal
 * Vietnam Campaign Medal

title: Robert L. Gibson


text:
Augustus F. Goodridge

Augustus Frederick Goodridge (c. 1839 – February 16, 1920) was a Newfoundland merchant and politician. He was premier of Newfoundland in 1894.

Early life
Goodridge was born in Devon, England. He arrived in Newfoundland when he was 13 and worked in his father's business.

Career
Goodridge became a fish merchant and ship owner in St. John's. He joined the Conservative Party, and was first elected to the House of Assembly in 1880. He became leader of the Conservatives in 1884. From 1885 to 1889 he served in the conservative Protestant Reform Party government of Sir Robert Thorburn. The Reform Party collapsed and Thorburn went into opposition as leader of the new Tory Party.

Goodridge's Tories lost the 1893 election to the Liberals led by Sir William Whiteway. However, the Tories complained that Whiteway's Liberals had promised jobs to Newfoundlanders who voted for him and filed petitions in the Supreme Court under the Corrupt Practices Act against fifteen Liberal members of the House alleging bribery and corruption. The members were tried and found guilty and their seats were declared vacant.

In April 1894, in the midsts of the trials, Whiteway attempted to dissolve the House of Assembly and call new elections. Instead, Governor Sir Arthur Murray refused Whiteway's requested and instead appointed Goodridge as the new Premier despite the fact that Goodridge's Tories were outnumbered by Liberals in the House of Assembly. In order to prevent the Tories from being defeated by a Motion of No Confidence, Murray repeatedly prorogued the House before a vote could be held. Regardless of this assistance by the governor, Goodridge's Tory Party government was short lived due to a mounting political and economic crisis and resigned on December 12, 1894, after the collapse of two banks.

Goodridge lost his seat in the 1904 election. A few years later he was appointed to the Legislative Council (Newfoundland's upper house) by Prime Minister Edward Patrick Morris.

title: Augustus F. Goodridge


text:
Robert Gibson

Robert Gibson may refer to:

Government and politics

 * Robert Gibson, Lord Gibson (1886–1965), British Labour Party politician, MP
 * Robert Gibson (Ontario politician) (1932–1966), Canadian politician
 * Rob Gibson (born 1945), Scottish SNP politician
 * Robert Murray Gibson (1869–1949), U.S. federal judge and baseball player

Religion

 * Robert Atkinson Gibson (1846–1919), American bishop
 * Robert W. Gibson (1854–1927), English-American ecclesiastical architect active in New York City
 * Robert F. Gibson Jr. (1906–1990), bishop of Virginia in the Episcopal Church

Sports

 * Robert Gibson (wrestler) (born 1958), American wrestler
 * Robert Gibson (rower) (born 1986), Canadian rower
 * Robert Gibson (cricketer, born 1801) (1801–1???), English cricketer
 * Robert Gibson (cricketer, born 1821) (1821–1875), English cricketer
 * Robert Murray Gibson (1869–1949), U.S. federal judge and baseball player

Others

 * Robert Gibson (businessman) (1863–1934), Australian businessman
 * Robert L. Gibson (born 1946), American naval captain and NASA astronaut
 * Robert Gibson (engineer) (1928–2008), British geotechnical engineer

title: Robert Gibson


text:
Eden Center

Eden Center is a Vietnamese American strip mall located near the crossroads of Seven Corners in the City of Falls Church, Virginia. Eden Center is the largest Vietnamese commercial center on the East Coast, and the largest Asian mall on the east coast of North America. The city's Economic Development commission considers it the city's top tourist destination. The center is home to more than 120 shops, restaurants and businesses catering extensively to the Asian American, especially the Vietnamese-American, population. Eden Center has created an anchor for Vietnamese culture serving the Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsylvania areas, as shown by the large number of phở soup restaurants, bánh mì delicatessens, bakeries, markets, as well as Vietnamese-American cultural events that are regularly held at the center.

History
The center opened in 1962 as the Plaza Seven Shopping Center, with a Grand Union supermarket and a Zayre discount store serving as anchors. After the Grand Union store closed in 1984, Vietnamese merchants displaced from the "Little Saigon" area in the Clarendon neighborhood of nearby Arlington, Virginia, due to Washington Metro subway construction and redevelopment moved into the space, as the Vietnamese-American community in Northern Virginia (and the Washington, DC, metropolitan area) grew following the Vietnam War. The name derives from the 1960s Saigon shopping center Eden Mall (thương xá Eden). The cluster of stores took on the Eden name, and erected an "Eden" sign. It ultimately evolved into the name for the entire center. The landlord, Capital Commercial Properties, later added a clock tower and an arch flanked by lions, inspired by the Bến Thành Market in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Layout
Most businesses are located on ground level and offer direct access to the sidewalk and parking lot, as would a conventional strip mall. About 65 more stores and restaurants are inside three enclosed malls. In the rear of the mall are additional businesses, currently including a nightclub.

The main parking lot has about 900 spaces, with about 300 more behind the stores.

The mall flies a South Vietnamese Flag, as do many Vietnamese-owned businesses in the Washington, D.C., area.

Stores
Eden Center is host to a variety of business types, a few of which incorporate "Eden" in their names. Most are food-related: restaurants, supermarkets, and specialty delicatessens catering prepared foods. Restaurants range from carry-out-only places that serve stir-fry dishes and spring rolls to high-volume phở soup restaurants to sit-down restaurants with large varied menus and a formal decor. Other businesses include jewelry stores, herbal medicine shops, clothing and toy stores, and travel agents.

A 44,000-square foot Good Fortune supermarket opened in the former Ames building in November 2014.

Eden Center was featured on the January 19, 2009, episode of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations that focused on the Washington, D.C., area. Bourdain visited the Song Que deli, and had a very favorable review of that business and of the Eden Center.

Many other reviews of Eden Center restaurants have been published in The Washington Post, Washingtonian Magazine, and the Falls Church News Press.

Events
Eden Center hosts an annual Tết, or Vietnamese New Year festival, and an annual Moon Festival, both widely attended with a vibrant display of special food, performers, fireworks, and lion dancing.

Each September, the Eden Center plays host to the annual "Miss Vietnam DC" scholarship pageant, the preeminent contest of its kind in the Washington, D.C., area.

Crimes
In 1997, after a fatal shooting, the Falls Church Police Department opened a substation at Eden Center. The property landlord also began operating 48 closed-circuit monitoring cameras.

On August 11, 2011, federal agents, Virginia State Police, and local police jointly raided several businesses in Eden Center, seizing more than $1 million in cash from one business and small amounts from other businesses. Also seized were several gambling machines; and 19 people were arrested on suspicion of gambling and alcohol crimes. Police blamed the Dragon Family gang, a Vietnamese-American criminal gang that operates in Asian-American hubs across North America. No felony charges were ever filed, and ultimately, though some defendants pleaded guilty, many had their cases dismissed before trial. At least one defendant went to trial and was found not guilty of the charges. The raid ignited tensions between the Eden Center businesses and the City of Falls Church government. After a second raid five months later arrested suspects on a variety of gambling and money laundering charges, many in the community alleged racism and poor investigation by the police.

title: Eden Center


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Cosby (TV series)

Cosby is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS from September 16, 1996, to April 28, 2000. The program starred Bill Cosby (in his final series) and Phylicia Rashad, who had previously worked together in the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1984–1992). Madeline Kahn portrayed their neighborly friend, Pauline, until her death in 1999. The show was adapted from the British sitcom One Foot in the Grave.

Premise
Set at the corner of 33rd Ave and 1539 Blake St. Astoria in Queens, Cosby portrayed grumpy Hilton Lucas, a New York City man forced into early retirement from his job as an airline customer service agent. His wife Ruth was again played by Phylicia Rashad. Initially, Telma Hopkins was cast as Ruth Lucas; however, she was recast after she reacted poorly to Cosby's tendency to ad lib. The couple had one daughter, Erica Lucas, initially portrayed by Audra McDonald and later portrayed by T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh. Doug E. Doug played Griffin Vesey, a foster son the Lucas family took in when he was younger. Griffin occasionally tried to win Erica's affections, but they decided just to remain friends when in the fourth and final season, Darien Sills-Evans portrayed Darien Evans, Erica's fiancé/husband. Jurnee Smollett also joined the cast as 11-year-old Jurnee, whom Hilton adored.

The show was based on the concept from the BBC series One Foot in the Grave, starring Richard Wilson and Annette Crosbie. David Renwick, the creator and writer of One Foot in the Grave, was listed as a consultant of Cosby. One Foot in the Grave was notable for containing dark humor for a mainstream sitcom. The tone was significantly lightened for Cosby, although certain controversial scenes, such as a scene in which the lead character incinerates a live tortoise, albeit by accident, were recreated.

A notable later episode was the fourth-season premiere, "My Spy", which showed Hilton watching an episode of I Spy (the 1960s series in which Cosby co-starred) and then dreaming an adventure with Robert Culp's character from that series; the episode ends with a brief dream sequence in which Rashad dreams she is playing her previous character from The Cosby Show. The same season also presented an episode entitled "Loving Madeline" which featured the standard opening credits for the series but was in fact a tribute to Kahn featuring the cast members out of character discussing the recently deceased actress, punctuated by clips from past episodes.

Cosby premiered to an audience of more than 24.7 million viewers, but averaged 16 million viewers during the course of the season. As the series progressed, ratings shrank and CBS, fresh with new hit comedies in Everybody Loves Raymond and The King of Queens, decided to move the series from Monday to Wednesday, then to the Friday night death slot. The moves led to a drop in ratings. At the end of the fourth season, having accumulated 96 episodes, Cosby and CBS executive Les Moonves mutually decided to end the series. The last episode, "The Song Remains the Same", aired on April 28, 2000, and was the 96th episode to be produced and broadcast, drawing just over 7 million viewers.

Main

 * Bill Cosby — Hilton Lucas
 * Phylicia Rashad — Ruth Lucas
 * T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh — Erica Lucas
 * Doug E. Doug — Griffin Vesey
 * Madeline Kahn — Pauline Fox
 * Jurnee Smollett — Jurnee (season 3; recurring season 2)
 * Darien Sills-Evans — Darien Hall (seasons 3–4)

Recurring

 * Angelo Massagli — Angelo (season 2)
 * Sinbad — Daniel (season 3)

Reruns/syndication
The series was distributed by Carsey-Werner Distribution for broadcast syndication for the 2000–2001 television season, where it ran until the fall of 2004; after that point it was offered in low-cost barter arrangements. TBS shortly thereafter ran reruns of the series for about two years. In March 2010, Up TV (the current UP Network) began airing the show, but as a family network with religious ownership, removed some episodes and edited some content in episodes to meet the network's mores. It began to air on Bounce TV in January 2015, but was removed from air on July 7, 2015, when records were made public regarding Bill Cosby's sexual assault cases. Two seasons are available through Hoopla. All 4 seasons are listed for streaming on Amazon Prime but not currently available for actual streaming.

Nielsen ratings
Cosby was considered to be a ratings success for CBS, winning its time slot of Monday, 8:00 PM in households and viewers for the first three seasons.

title: Cosby (TV series)