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Robert Ettinger

Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger (December 4, 1918 – July 23, 2011 ) was an American academic, known as "the father of cryonics" because of the impact of his 1962 book The Prospect of Immortality.

Ettinger founded the Cryonics Institute and the related Immortalist Society and until 2003 served as the groups' president. His body has been cryopreserved, like the bodies of his first and second wives, and his mother.

Personal background
Ettinger was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. Raised Jewish, he later attended Protestant Unitarian church services before becoming an atheist. He served as a second lieutenant infantryman in the United States Army during World War II. Severely wounded in battle in Germany, he received the Purple Heart and recovered after several years spent in a Michigan hospital. He earned two master's degrees from Wayne State University (one in physics, one in mathematics) and spent his working career teaching physics and mathematics at both Wayne State University and Highland Park Community college in Michigan.

Ettinger had two children with his first wife, Elaine, David (1951) and Shelley (1954). David gave his first cryonics interview to journalists at the age of 12 and was an attorney. He served as legal counsel to the Cryonics Institute and the Immortalist Society. Robert Ettinger's daughter, who has had no interest in cryonics, is a writer and revolutionary socialist.

Ettinger met his second wife, Mae Junod, in 1962 when she attended one of his adult education courses in basic physics. Junod typed and assisted with editing the manuscripts for both The Prospect of Immortality and Man into Superman. She became active in the Cryonics Society of Michigan (CSM) and edited and was a production manager for the CSM monthly newsletter, The Outlook. In the 1970s The Outlook was renamed The Immortalist and Junod continued editorship until the mid-1990s. The Outlook is the longest continuously published cryonics magazine. Junod was an author, feminist, and marriage counselor.

Ettinger married Junod in 1988 after the death of his first wife. Ettinger described his time with Junod as one of the most satisfying and tranquil times in his life. The couple moved to Scottsdale, Arizona in 1995 and enjoyed a period of domestic life during which time the couple began to ease into retirement from over 30 years of cryonics activism and the attendant burdens of work and controversy. Mae Ettinger suffered a debilitating stroke in 1998 from which she never fully recovered followed by a lethal stroke in 2000, which resulted in her cryopreservation.

Ettinger died on July 23, 2011, at the age of 92, in Detroit, Michigan of natural causes, and was cryopreserved with the hope of future revival.

Roots of cryonics in science fiction
Ettinger grew up reading Hugo Gernsback's Amazing Stories. Ettinger was particularly affected when he was 12 years old by a Neil R. Jones story, "The Jameson Satellite," which appeared in the July 1931 issue of Amazing Stories, in which one Professor Jameson had his corpse sent into earth orbit where (as the author mistakenly thought) it would remain preserved indefinitely at near absolute zero. And so it did, in the story, until millions of years later, when, with humanity extinct, a race of mechanical men with organic brains chanced upon it. They revived and repaired Jameson's brain, installed it in a mechanical body, and he became one of their company.

Ettinger assumed that one day — long before he grew old — biologists would learn the secret of eternal youth. As he grew out of boyhood in the 1930s, he began to suspect it might take a little longer since no scientists were yet working on this particular endeavor. If immortality is achievable through the ministrations of technologically advanced aliens repairing a frozen human corpse, then Ettinger thought everyone could be cryopreserved to await later rescue by our own medically more sophisticated descendants.

In 1948, Ettinger's short story "The Penultimate Trump" was published in Startling Stories. The story sets out the development of a method of putting people into "suspended animation" until medical science can restore their health, and the changes found by the first of those when he is revived.

Launching the cryonics movement
Ettinger waited expectantly for prominent scientists or physicians to come to the same conclusion he had, and to take a position of public advocacy. By 1960, Ettinger finally made the scientific case for the idea, which had always been in the back of his mind. Ettinger was 42 years old and said he was increasingly aware of his own mortality. In what has been characterized as an historically important mid-life crisis, Ettinger summarized the idea of cryonics in a few pages, with the emphasis on life insurance, and sent this to approximately 200 people whom he selected from Who's Who in America. The response was very small, and it was clear that a much longer exposition was needed — mostly to counter cultural bias. Ettinger correctly saw that people, even the intellectually, financially and socially distinguished, would have to be educated into understanding his belief that dying is usually gradual and could be a reversible process, and that freezing damage is so limited (even though fatal by present criteria) that its reversibility demands relatively little in future progress. Ettinger soon made an even more troubling discovery, principally that "a great many people have to be coaxed into admitting that life is better than death, healthy is better than sick, smart is better than stupid, and immortality might be worth the trouble!"

In 1962, Ettinger privately published a preliminary version of The Prospect of Immortality, in which he said that future technological advances could be used to bring people back to life. This finally attracted attention of a major publisher, which sent a copy to Isaac Asimov; Asimov said that the science behind cryonics was sound, and the manuscript was approved for a 1964 Doubleday hardcover and various subsequent editions which launched cryonics. The book became a selection of the Book of the Month Club and was published in nine languages.

Ettinger became an "overnight" media celebrity, discussed in The New York Times, Time, Newsweek, Paris Match, Der Spiegel, Christian Century, and dozens of other periodicals. He appeared on television with David Frost, Johnny Carson, Steve Allen, and others. Ettinger also spoke on radio programs coast-to-coast to promote the idea of human cryopreservation.

Since the commercial publication of The Prospect of Immortality, all those active in cryonics today can trace their involvement, directly or indirectly, to the publication of one or both of Ettinger's books. While Ettinger was the first, most articulate, and most scientifically credible person to argue the idea of cryonics, he was not the only one. In 1962, Evan Cooper had authored a manuscript entitled "Immortality: Physically, Scientifically, Now" under the pseudonym Nathan Duhring. Cooper's book contained the same argument as did Ettinger's, but it lacked both scientific and technical rigor and was not of publication quality.

Books

 * The Prospect of Immortality (1962, 1964 & later editions)
 * Available online at The Prospect of Immortality
 * Man into Superman (1972 & later editions)
 * Available online at Man Into Superman
 * Youniverse (new edition, 2009)
 * Available at Youniverse

title: Robert Ettinger


text:
Overdose (disambiguation)

Drug overdose is the ingestion or application of a medication or other substance in a quantity greater than that recommended.

Overdose may also refer to:

Music

 * Overdose (album), by Pizzicato Five, 1994
 * The Overdose, an album by 11/5, 1999
 * Overdose (EP), by Exo-K and Exo-M (which was the two subunits of Exo), 2014
 * "Overdose" (Exo song), the title song
 * "Overdose" (Ciara song), 2013
 * "Overdose," a song by AC/DC from Let There Be Rock, 1977
 * "Overdose", a song by Agnez Mo, 2018
 * "Overdose", a song by Alessia Cara from Know-It-All, 2015
 * "Overdose", a song by Future from The Wizrd, 2019
 * "Overdose," a song by Hiroomi Tosaka, 2019
 * "Overdose", a song by Jason Derulo from Future History, 2011
 * "Overdose," a song by Little Daylight, 2013
 * "Overdose", a song by Nav from Good Intentions, 2020
 * "Overdose", a song by Status Quo from In the Army Now, 1986
 * "Overdose", a song by Tomcraft, 2001
 * "Overdose", a song by YoungBoy Never Broke Again from Until Death Call My Name, 2018
 * "OverdoZZe", a song by ZZ Ward from Dirty Shine, 2023

Other uses

 * Overdose (horse) (2005–2015), a Hungarian Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Gungrave: Overdose, a 2004 video game

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Overdose (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Artificial consciousness/notreal

This is where the section on Artificial Consciousness not being real consciousness is argued.

title: Talk:Artificial consciousness/notreal


text:
User:Ajgorhoe

Just passing by.

Ajgorhoe (talk)

Present on Wikipedia for days.

Other
sl:Uporabnik:ajgorhoe

title: User:Ajgorhoe


text:
Fairey Firefly

The Fairey Firefly is a Second World War-era carrier-borne fighter aircraft and anti-submarine aircraft that was principally operated by the Fleet Air Arm (FAA). It was developed and built by the British aircraft manufacturer Fairey Aviation Company.

Development of the Firefly can be traced back to pair of specifications issued by the British Air Ministry in 1938, calling for new naval fighter designs. Designed to the contemporary FAA concept of a two-seat fleet reconnaissance/fighter, the pilot and observer were positioned at separate stations. In flight, the Firefly was superior in terms of both performance and firepower to its predecessor, the Fairey Fulmar. Due to a protracted development, the type only entered operational service towards the end of the conflict, at which point it was no longer competitive as a fighter. The limitations of a single engine in a relatively heavy airframe reduced its performance, but the Firefly proved to be a fairly sturdy, long-ranged, and docile aircraft during carrier operations.

The Fairey Firefly served in the Second World War as a fleet fighter. During the post-war era, it was soon superseded in the fighter role by the arrival of more modern jet aircraft, thus the Firefly was adapted to perform in other roles, including strike operations and anti-submarine warfare. In these capacities, it remained a mainstay of the FAA until the mid-1950s. Both British and Australian Fireflies routinely performed ground–attack operations from various aircraft carriers during the Korean War. In foreign service, the type was in operation with the naval air arms of Australia, Canada, India and the Netherlands. As late as 1962, Dutch Fireflies were used to carry out attack sorties against Indonesian infiltrators in Dutch New Guinea. Its final uses were in various secondary roles, such as trainers, target tugs and drone aircraft.

Design and development
During 1938, by which point British authorities were preparing for the likelihood of a major conflict, the Air Ministry issued a pair of specifications calling for naval fighters, a conventional and a "turret fighter". The performance requirements for both was to be able to attain a speed of 275 knots while flying at 15000 ft and carrying an armament, for the conventional fighter, of eight 0.303 in Browning machine guns or four 20 mm Hispano cannon. This aircraft would replace the Fairey Fulmar, which had been viewed as an interim design. These specifications were updated during the following year, while several British manufacturers tendered their ideas. Further changes to the official specification followed, such as the turret fighter specification being eliminated, while a modified specification was issued to cover single and dual-seat fighters capable of 330 and 300 kn respectively. Fairey offered designs that could accommodate either a single or twin-seat arrangements, either powered by the Rolls-Royce Griffon engine, or combining a larger airframe with a Napier Sabre engine. After consideration of the manufacturer's responses, Specification N.5/40 replaced the earlier specifications. Due to the necessity of navigating over open sea, it was decided to opt for a two-seater aircraft alone. For defence of naval bases, a separate single seater design would lead to the Blackburn Firebrand.

The Firefly was designed by a team led by H.E. Chaplin at Fairey Aviation which reportedly used the Fulmar as a starting point. During June 1940, the Admiralty placed an initial order for 200 aircraft "off the drawing board", the first three of which were to function as prototypes. On 22 December 1941, the first prototype of the Firefly performed its maiden flight. Although the aircraft was 4000 lb heavier than the preceding Fulmar (largely due to the adoption of the heavier Griffon engine and the armament of two 20 mm Hispano cannon in each wing), the Firefly was 40 mph faster due to improved aerodynamics, as well as the increased power of the Griffon IIB engine, being capable of generating a maximum of 1735 hp.

The Firefly was a low-wing cantilever monoplane, featuring an oval-section metal semi-monocoque fuselage and a conventional tail unit with forward-placed tailplane. It was powered by a Rolls-Royce Griffon liquid-cooled piston engine, which drove a four-blade Rotol-built propeller. A large chin-mounted radiator was present to provide cooling for the engine. The Firefly had retractable main undercarriage and tail wheel, the hydraulically-actuated main landing gear retracting inwards into the underside of the wing centre-section. This undercarriage was widely-set, a highly useful feature for carrier landings. The aircraft was also fitted with a retractable arrester hook mounted underneath the rear fuselage. The pilot's cockpit was located above the leading edge of the wing while the observer/radio-operator/navigator was positioned aft of the wing's trailing edge. These positions provided better visibility for operating and landing, and both crew were provided with separate jettisonable canopies.

The Firefly was equipped with an all-metal wing which could be folded manually, the wings ending up along the sides of the fuselage when folded. When in the flying position, the wings were hydraulically locked in place. The wing itself featured square tips and large Fairey-Youngman flaps, which provided relatively good handling while flown at low speeds. A total of four 20mm cannon were buried within the wings, which was considered to be relatively heavy armament for the era. According to pilots, the general handling of the Firefly was relatively well-balanced, but a level of physical strength was required to effectively execute aerobatics.

During 1942, handling and performance trials were first undertaken at RAF Boscombe Down by Admiralty test pilots Mike Lithgow and Roy Sydney Baker-Falkner. By 1944, the Firefly had been cleared to use underwing rocket projectiles and, by April 1944, tests involving a double-underwing load of 16 rockets and a pair of 45 gal drop tanks still provided acceptable handling. Further testing with two 90 gallon (410 L) drop tanks or two 1000 lb bombs deemed acceptable albeit with "...a small adverse effect on handling..." while "...handling with a single 1000 lb bomb was unpleasant, but manageable." Performance trials at 11830 lb indicated a maximum speed of 315 mph at 16800 ft while a climb to 20000 ft took 12.4 minutes, with a maximum climb rate of 2140 ft/min at 3800 ft, and a service ceiling of 30100 ft.

Operational history

The primary variant of the aircraft used during the Second World War was the Firefly Mk I, which was used in all theatres of operations. During March 1943, the first Firefly Mk Is were delivered to the FAA but these did not enter operational service until July 1944, at which point they equipped 1770 Naval Air Squadron aboard HMS Indefatigable (R10). The first operations were flown in the European theatre where Fireflies carried out numerous armed reconnaissance flights and anti-shipping strikes along the Norwegian coast. That year, Fireflies also provided air cover and aerial reconnaissance during attacks on the German battleship GERMAN BATTLESHIP Tirpitz.

Throughout its operational career, the Firefly took on increasingly demanding roles from fighter to anti-submarine warfare while being stationed mainly with the British Pacific Fleet in the Far East and Pacific theatres. The type was used against Japanese ground targets and fighter aircraft. FAA Fireflies carried out attacks on oil refineries and airfields and was repeatedly dispatched against Japanese-controlled islands up until Victory over Japan Day. The Firefly gained a level of public renown when the type became the first British-designed and -built aircraft to overfly the Japanese capital of Tokyo.

During May 1945, in anticipation of a major naval offensive against the Japanese mainland, the Canadian government accepted a British offer to loan a pair of Colossus-class aircraft carriers to the Royal Canadian Navy. To equip these carriers, it was necessary to procure naval fighters. Based upon the feedback of veteran pilots, Canada opted to acquire the Firefly over opposition that favoured procuring American aircraft instead. As a stop-gap measure, Royal Navy Fireflies were loaned while more advanced purpose-built aircraft were being constructed. Between 1946 and 1954, the Canadian Navy employed 65 AS Mk.5 Fireflies on its aircraft carriers. The service also flew a handful of Mk.I Fireflies. During the 1950s, Canada decided to sell off its Fireflies and buyers included the armed forces of Ethiopia, Denmark, and the Netherlands.

After the Second World War, the Firefly remained in front line service with the Fleet Air Arm, continuing in this capacity until the mid-1950s. During this time, British-built Fireflies were also supplied to a number of overseas nations, including Canada, Australia, Denmark, Ethiopia, the Netherlands, India and Thailand.

During 1947, the Australian government approved of formation of the Royal Australian Fleet Air Arm and the acquisition of a pair of Majestic-class aircraft carriers from Britain. Following a consultation with the Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) opted to procure both the Firefly and the Hawker Sea Fury to equip its new aircraft carriers. These two types formed the backbone of the newly formed Australian Carrier Air Groups (CAGs), which would operate a total fleet size of 108 Fireflies, acquired across multiple orders. The first aircraft was delivered in May 1949, and the final Firefly arrived during August 1953. aircrew training predominated in early RAN operations ahead of achieving operational status during 1950.

During the Korean War of the 1950s, both British and Australian Fireflies carried out anti-shipping patrols and ground strikes from various aircraft carriers positioned offshore. Additional missions roles including anti-submarine patrols and aerial observation, as well as assisting battleships in providing effective naval gunfire support. Numerous FAA Fireflies were loaned to the Australian Navy during the conflict as many of its aircraft did not feature cannons when configured for anti-submarine warfare. Despite several incidents of aircraft being struck by anti-aircraft fire, the Firefly proved to be relatively rugged. The type was routinely used for strike operations against targets such as bridges and railway lines to damage North Korean logistics and communications. As the war went on, pilots developed new low-level dive-bombing techniques to achieve greater accuracy. Combat use of the Firefly in the theatre continued until the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953, although post-armistice patrols involving the type continued for several years afterwards.

FAA Fireflies were again deployed in the Far East amid the Malayan Emergency, where it was used to conduct ground-attack operations against Malayan Communist Party insurgents. The Firefly's front line career with the FAA came to an end shortly following the introduction of the newer and larger Fairey Gannet, which effectively replaced the type. The RAN also decided to relegate their Fireflies to secondary duties following the adoption of newer aircraft, such as the Gannet and the jet-powered de Havilland Sea Venom. Several versions of the type were developed later in its career to serve in a number of secondary roles, including as trainers, target tugs and drone aircraft. As an example, the Indian Navy acquired a batch of 10 aircraft during the mid-1950s for target tug purposes. By the end of the 1950s, many operators were disposing of their remaining Fireflies, typically as scrap.

In the late 1940s, the Royal Netherlands Navy deployed a Firefly squadron to the Dutch East Indies, as part of the forces countering Indonesian nationalists. When talks broke down in July 1947, the Dutch launched multiple air strikes. Three Fireflies were shot down by ground fire. During 1960, in response to territorial demands and threats issued by Indonesia, the Netherlands chose to deploy a number of Firefly AS.Mk 4s to Dutch New Guinea. As Indonesian forces began to retake the territory, the Fireflies carried out attack operations during early 1962. These strikes continued until the Royal Netherlands Navy withdrew following the negotiation of a political settlement between the two countries.

Variants

 * Firefly I / FR.I
 * Two variants of the Mk I Firefly were built; 429 "fighter" "Firefly F Mk I"s, built by Fairey and General Aircraft Ltd, and 376 "fighter/reconnaissance" Firefly "FR Mk I"s (which were fitted with the ASH detection radar). The last 334 Mk Is built were upgraded with the 1765 hp Griffon XII engine.

 * Firefly NF.Mk II
 * Only 37 Mk II Fireflies were built, all of which were night fighter Firefly NF Mk IIs. They had a slightly longer fuselage than the Mk I and had modifications to house their airborne interception (AI) radar.

 * Firefly NF.Mk I
 * The NF.II was superseded by the Firefly NF Mk I "night fighter" variant.

 * Firefly T.Mk 1
 * Twin-cockpit pilot training aircraft. Post-war conversion of the Firefly Mk I.

 * Firefly T.Mk 2
 * Twin-cockpit armed operational training aircraft. Post-war conversion of the Firefly Mk I.

 * Firefly T.Mk 3
 * Used for Anti-submarine warfare training of observers. Postwar conversion of the Firefly Mk I.

 * Firefly TT.Mk I
 * Postwar, a small number of Firefly Mk Is were converted into target tug aircraft.

 * Firefly Mk III
 * Proposal based on the Griffon 61 engine, but never entered production.

 * Firefly Mk IV
 * The Firefly Mk IV was equipped with the 2330 hp Griffon 72 engine and first flew in 1944, but did not enter service until after the end of the war.

 * Firefly FR.Mk 4
 * Fighter-reconnaissance version based on the Firefly Mk IV.

 * Firefly Mk 5
 * Firefly NF.Mk 5
 * Night fighter version based on the Firefly Mk 5.
 * Night fighter version based on the Firefly Mk 5.

 * Firefly FR.Mk 5
 * Fighter-reconnaissance version based on the Firefly Mk 5.

 * Firefly AS.Mk 5
 * The later Firefly AS.Mk 5 was an anti-submarine aircraft, which carried American sonobuoys and equipment.

 * Firefly Mk 6
 * Firefly AS.Mk 6
 * The Firefly AS.Mk 6 was an anti-submarine aircraft, which carried British equipment.
 * The Firefly AS.Mk 6 was an anti-submarine aircraft, which carried British equipment.

 * Firefly TT.Mk 4/5/6
 * Small numbers of AS.4/5/6s were converted into target tug aircraft.

 * Firefly AS.Mk 7
 * The Firefly AS.Mk 7 was an anti-submarine aircraft, powered by a Rolls-Royce Griffon 59 piston engine.

 * Firefly T.Mk 7
 * The Firefly T.Mk 7 was an interim ASW training aircraft.

 * Firefly U.Mk 8
 * The Firefly U.Mk 8 was a target drone aircraft; 34 Firefly T.7s were diverted on the production line for completion as target drones.

 * Firefly U.Mk 9
 * The Firefly U.Mk 9 was a target drone aircraft; 40 existing Firefly Mk AS.4 and AS.5 aircraft were converted to this role.

Operators

 * Second World War

 * Royal Navy – Fleet Air Arm

🇦🇺 🇨🇦 Canada 🇩🇰 🇪🇹 🇳🇱 🇮🇳 🇸🇪 🇹🇭
 * Postwar
 * Royal Australian Navy – Fleet Air Arm
 * No. 723 Squadron RAN
 * No. 724 Squadron RAN
 * No. 725 Squadron RAN
 * No. 816 Squadron RAN
 * No. 817 Squadron RAN
 * No. 851 Squadron RAN
 * Royal Australian Air Force
 * Aircraft Research and Development Unit (Firefly T.5 VX373 for trials 1953)
 * Royal Canadian Navy
 * 825 Squadron RCN
 * 826 Squadron RCN
 * 10 Heavier-than-air Experimental Air Squadron (VX-10) RCN
 * Royal Danish Air Force
 * Ethiopian Air Force
 * Royal Netherlands Navy
 * Dutch Naval Aviation Service
 * VSQ-1
 * VSQ-2
 * VSQ-4
 * VSQ-5
 * VSQ-7
 * VSQ-860
 * Indian Navy
 * Indian Naval Air Arm operated 10 Fireflies from 1955 onwards for target tugging.
 * Svensk Flygtjänst AB at Bromma Airport operated 19 TT.1 aircraft between 31 January 1949 and 17 October 1963.
 * Royal Thai Air Force operated Fireflies between 1952 and 1966.
 * Royal Thai Navy

Royal Navy – Fleet Air Arm operated Fireflies in the anti-submarine role until 1956 when front line aircraft were replaced by the Fairey Gannet.

 * 700 Naval Air Squadron
 * 703 Naval Air Squadron
 * 706 Naval Air Squadron
 * 719 Naval Air Squadron
 * 723 Naval Air Squadron
 * 724 Naval Air Squadron
 * 725 Naval Air Squadron
 * 728B Naval Air Squadron
 * 730 Naval Air Squadron
 * 731 Naval Air Squadron
 * 732 Naval Air Squadron
 * 736 Naval Air Squadron
 * 737 Naval Air Squadron
 * 741 Naval Air Squadron
 * 744 Naval Air Squadron
 * 746 Naval Air Squadron
 * 748 Naval Air Squadron
 * 750 Naval Air Squadron
 * 751 Naval Air Squadron
 * 759 Naval Air Squadron
 * 764 Naval Air Squadron
 * 765 Naval Air Squadron
 * 766 Naval Air Squadron
 * 767 Naval Air Squadron
 * 768 Naval Air Squadron
 * 771 Naval Air Squadron
 * 772 Naval Air Squadron
 * 778 Naval Air Squadron
 * 780 Naval Air Squadron
 * 781 Naval Air Squadron
 * 782 Naval Air Squadron
 * 783 Naval Air Squadron
 * 784 Naval Air Squadron
 * 790 Naval Air Squadron
 * 792 Naval Air Squadron
 * 794 Naval Air Squadron
 * 795 Naval Air Squadron
 * 796 Naval Air Squadron
 * 798 Naval Air Squadron
 * 799 Naval Air Squadron
 * 804 Naval Air Squadron
 * 805 Naval Air Squadron
 * 810 Naval Air Squadron
 * 812 Naval Air Squadron
 * 813 Naval Air Squadron
 * 814 Naval Air Squadron
 * 816 Naval Air Squadron
 * 817 Naval Air Squadron
 * 820 Naval Air Squadron
 * 821 Naval Air Squadron
 * 822 Naval Air Squadron
 * 824 Naval Air Squadron
 * 825 Naval Air Squadron
 * 826 Naval Air Squadron
 * 827 Naval Air Squadron
 * 837 Naval Air Squadron
 * 851 Naval Air Squadron
 * 860 Naval Air Squadron
 * 861 Naval Air Squadron
 * 880 Naval Air Squadron
 * 882 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1770 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1771 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1772 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1790 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1791 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1792 Naval Air Squadron
 * 1830 Squadron RNVR
 * 1840 Squadron RNVR
 * 1841 Squadron RNVR
 * 1842 Squadron RNVR
 * 1843 Squadron RNVR
 * 1844 Squadron RNVR

Surviving aircraft
There are approximately 24 Fairey Fireflies surviving worldwide, including three airworthy examples and at least one other being restored to flying condition. The Fleet Air Arm Museum holds VH127, a TT4, which is on public display at Yeovilton.

The Imperial War Museum owns one of the oldest surviving Fireflies, serial number Z2033. Built as a MkI in 1944, Z2033 was used originally used by the RNAS for aircraft landing trials, then by Fairey for spin trials. Z2033 was converted to target tug designation and operated in Sweden in the 1950s in this role. The aircraft returned to the UK in 1964 to go on display at the Skyframe Aircraft Museum, and was acquired by Imperial War Museum in 1979. The museum returned Z2033 to its original MkI configuration, and repainted the aircraft as 'DK431' of 1771 Naval Air Squadron, as operated in the Pacific in July 1945. Z2033 was loaned to the Fleet Air Arm Museum for display between 2000 and August 2023, but the aircraft is now on display again at Imperial War Museum Duxford.

Firefly WB271 was destroyed in July 2003 during an aerobatic air display at the Imperial War Museum in Duxford, Cambridgeshire – Europe's largest display of vintage warplanes. There are two airworthy Fireflies at present: WB518 was one of the first 10 Mk 6s built, but retained the earlier Mk 5 fuselage. It was originally delivered to the Royal Australian Navy's 817 Squadron and then served in 816 Squadron before being retired and ending up as a memorial on a pole in Griffith, New South Wales, Australia. WB518 was then purchased by American Eddie Kurdziel, a Northwest Airlines captain and former U.S. Navy pilot. WD518 was extensively restored and made its first public appearance at Oshkosh in 2002. Restoration of WD518 used parts salvaged from WD828 which was written off after a crash into a cabbage field in Camden, New South Wales in 1987.WB518 as of July 2015 was then undergoing extensive rebuilding and is now in flying condition out of Gillespie Field, El Cajon, California.
 * AS 6 WH632, which was damaged in a crash and has since been restored to flying condition (painted as an RCN Firefly AS 5), is at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum (Canada).
 * AS 6 WB518, another former RAN machine, now in the USA. (Damaged at the Wings Over Gillespie Airshow in June 2012, with restoration to airworthiness completed).

Other survivors include – in Australia:
 * AS 5 VX388 is owned by the currently closed to public access Camden Museum of Aviation at Harrington Park, New South Wales.
 * AS 6 WD826 is displayed at the Royal Australian Navy's Fleet Air Arm Museum (Australia). This Firefly was restored to airworthy condition in the 1980s and flew for three years before its return to the museum.
 * AS 6 WD827 which was once owned by the Australian Air League, Blacktown, New South Wales, is now on display in the Australian National Aviation Museum, Melbourne, Victoria.
 * AS 6 WD828 is displayed on a pole outside the Returned Services Leagues Club in Griffith, Australia. It has been repainted as WB518 which was the original aircraft displayed in Griffith but is now the flying example restored by Captain Kurdziel. The swap was made in 1991.
 * AS 6 WJ109 is stored for eventual exhibition at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra. This aircraft was previously at the Fleet Air Arm Museum (Australia), Nowra, New South Wales.

The Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok, Thailand has a Firefly Mk I on display.

A sole remaining Firefly of the 10 acquired by India is displayed at the Naval Aviation Museum in Goa.

Two ex-Swedish Fireflies moved to IWM Duxford, Cambridgeshire in 2003. Acquired by the Aircraft Restoration Company, they were in Royal Navy service from 1944 and 1946, and then converted to target tugs for gunnery training in 1950 and 1954. One is being restored to flying condition, and the other was traded to the Aviodrome Museum in the Netherlands for a Spitfire.

As well as the Canadian Warplane Heritage's ex-Australian Firefly, two other Fireflies are known to exist in Canada: one is at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa and another is being restored at the Shearwater Aviation Museum at Eastern Passage (near Dartmouth), Nova Scotia. Both are Mk I models that served in the Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1954, after which they were sold to the Ethiopian Air Force. Following their discovery in the Ethiopian desert in 1993, they were repatriated to Canada in exchange for medical supplies.

AS 6 WD833, another ex-Australian Firefly, is owned by Henry "Butch" Schroeder who moved the aircraft to Danville, Illinois, USA for restoration. The present whereabouts of this aircraft are unclear.

title: Fairey Firefly


text:
West Middlesex

West Middlesex may refer to:

 * West Middlesex Hospital, England
 * West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, U.S.

title: West Middlesex


text:
Talk:Glossary of differential geometry and topology

Suggested policy regarding glossary usage
Do not link indirectly to this glossary as in. Rather, link verbatim to where you want to go. In this case to. Then create a redirect from the submanifold page to this glossary. This has two principal advantages:
 * 1) There may be a large number of broken links to submanifold elsewhere in Wikipedia. By creating a redirect page, you fix them all at once.
 * 2) If someone comes along later wants to write a real article about submanifolds they can just replace the redirect and there are no links to fix.

Fropuff 02:15, 2004 Mar 14 (UTC)

 * I think that is definitely the right policy to follow.

2007-02-1 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 14:48, 1 February 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Chris Harris

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here's some tips:
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * Remember to use the show preview button before you save a page.
 * If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page.

Other useful pages are: how to edit, how to write a great article, naming conventions, manual of style and the Wikipedia policies.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 02:16, Mar 14, 2004 (UTC)

Angela, thanks for your kind welcome, I was pleased to see you had added Derby's Arboretum to Wikipedia. Being a local historian who operates within a local history and haritage group, I have access to a mountain of research about Derby and Derbyshire, and look forward to sharing this knowledge.

Bakewell Pudding
I have been making some ammendments to the Bakewell Pudding references. As a regular visitor to Bakewell over the past 40 years, I am only too aware of local opinion on the Tart/Pudding issue. Bakewell Tarts are common to the whole of the UK and are not exclusive to Bakewell. The Pudding is however a Bakewell product and is currently under review for protection under EU trading legislation. This means that you must be based in Bakewell in order to produce the pudding. The two confections are entireley different in every respect, though I think the pudding looks like a cow-pat, it is however a really deliceous confection and an absolute must if visiting Derbyshire. You can of course order the confection on-line from any of the Bakewell bakeries.

St. Werburgh's Church
Hey, just thought I'd drop a note since I reconfigured your St. Werburgh's Church. Generally, articles should be written as stand-alone descriptive articles rather than being intimitely tied to images, which instead should be described in the image caption (and usually thumbnailed if they're large). Otherwise great work! --Delirium 11:12, May 3, 2004 (UTC)

Jedidiah Strutt
Chris, I noticed that you'd commented on User talk:81.174.189.42 with some information on Jedidiah Strutt. How about adding your knowledge to the article? It's pretty pitiful right now. Joyous 02:44, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

Image tags
Thanks for uploading
 * Image:Derbycathedral1.jpg
 * Image:Derbygrammer1.jpg

I notice that they currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, Evil Monkey → Talk 04:49, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Image:CharlesRolls.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:CharlesRolls.jpg. You labeled it as "under licence from Derby Museum Service". Could you check the list of image copyright tags and make sure that I've labeled it accurately as per the intent of the copyright holder? It would be especially nice to know if it is has been licensed under more generous terms than what it now shows. Thanks! Kbh3rd 16:24, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Image tagging
There's a project underway to add copyright tags to images, and a few images you uploaded showed up on the list. Namely:

 * Image:RoyceFace.jpg
 * Image:Roycememorial.jpg
 * Image:Roycestatue.jpg

I assume that they're personal photos, but -- perhaps displaying an excess of caution -- I'm asking you to confirm that, and what tags should be added to them. Thanks! --Calton 01:10, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * also Image:Woodywalk.jpg has been tagged for deletion. It has a nasty copyright notice on it and unclear license. Justinc 01:22, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Plagueplaque.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Plagueplaque.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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License tagging for Image:Joseph strutt.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Joseph strutt.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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Copyright Violation
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We appreciate your creation of the article, Joseph Strutt of Derby, but we cannot accept copyrighted text borrowed from other web sites or printed material. Please see Copyright problems for more information on this topic, or generally, Policies and guidelines. Please do not remove the copyright violation notice placed in the article or repost the suspected infringing text. However, if you would like to rewrite the article in your own words, follow the link in the posted notice to create a temporary subpage. If your new article is appropriate, and not a further copyright violation, the reviewing administrator will move that new article into place once the copyright status of the original has been resolved. Happy editing! Douglas Whitaker 01:34, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Copyright Violation reply
Please accept my apologies, as I am the author of the original article about Joseph Strutt of Derby, I did not realise that I was infringing any copyright, However I now see that I was infringing my own copyright by placing this into Wikipedia. I have now edited it the text so that it is not identical to my original text but retains the historical facts.

I hope this will suffice for the copyright purposes.
 * Actually, if you place your own text onto Wikipedia and realize that doing so puts it under the GFDL, you violate no copyrights. None. I'm no expert, but I don't think its possible to infringe your own copyrights. The notice on articles just means it is a *possible* copyright violation. As long as you put your text under the GFDL, there is none. I'm sorry for any misunderstanding this may have caused, but I just didn't realize you had put your own text into the article. If you have any other questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to ask me; I'll do my best or at least point you in the right direction. Oh, also, please try and sign your messages on talk pages with four tildes (~). Again, I'm sorry for any misunderstandings. --Douglas Whitaker 03:01, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Nice article!
Just to say I liked your article on W. J. Coffee: keep up the good work! Don't hesitate to drop me a line if there's anything I can help with. Happy editing, JackyR | Talk 20:45, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I see you ran into copyright suspicions above. It seems a common problem for professional writers who also contribute to WP!

 * Btw, for the photos, have you discovered Wikipedia Commons yet? It's the central library for all the Wikimedia projects (German-language Wikipedia, Wiktionary, etc). One uploads images there in exactly the same way as to English Wikipedia, and then they can be used by every project. Someone has already transferred Image:Darwin cutout.gif there. Commons:First steps is very helpful, and there's plenty of when you hit "Upload file". Any probs, gissa shout! JackyR | Talk 14:44, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Image:Bonnieprince1.jpg listed for deletion
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My Photo contributions
I seem to be having a problem with the photos that I have uploaded to Wkipedia as they all nearly seem to be marked for deletion due to copyright issues. I cannot understand why this should be he case as I am an amateur photographer and have taken several thousand photos of my home city and have willingly uploaded copies and agred to the fair use of hese. Where I have photographed museum artefacts I have done so with the Museum Service's permission and paid the fee. The photographs are my own property and I have permission to teat all images as such.

File source problem with File:Pudshopfront.jpg
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File:RoyceFace.jpg listed for deletion
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File:Roycememorial.jpg needs authorship information
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The media file you uploaded as File:Roycememorial.jpg appears to be missing information as to its authorship (and or source), or if you did provide such information, it is confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

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File:Puddingshop.jpg needs authorship information
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The media file you uploaded as File:Puddingshop.jpg appears to be missing information as to its authorship (and or source), or if you did provide such information, it is confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

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File source problem with File:Georgeplaque.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Georgeplaque.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

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File:Georgeplaque.jpg missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers.
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File:Jedstrutt.jpg listed for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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File:Georgeplaque.jpg listed for discussion
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Please claim your upload(s): File:StWurburghs.jpg
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Please claim your upload(s): File:Exeterplaque.jpg
Hi, This image was seemingly uploaded prior to current image polices, Thank you.

However, as part of ongoing efforts to ensure all media on English Wikipedia is correctly licensed and attributed it would be appreciated if you were able to confirm, that it was your own work, by marking it as own, amending the information added by a third party, and by changing the license to an appropriate "self" variant. You can also add  to the Media by uploader or Presumed self tag(s) if  present to indicate that you've acknowledged the image, and license shown (and updated the information where appropriate).

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Please claim your upload(s): File:Exetercourts.jpg
Hi, This image was seemingly uploaded prior to current image polices, Thank you.

However, as part of ongoing efforts to ensure all media on English Wikipedia is correctly licensed and attributed it would be appreciated if you were able to confirm, that it was your own work, by marking it as own, amending the information added by a third party, and by changing the license to an appropriate "self" variant. You can also add  to the Media by uploader or Presumed self tag(s) if  present to indicate that you've acknowledged the image, and license shown (and updated the information where appropriate).

This will assist those reviewing the many many "free" images on commons that have not yet been transferred to Commons. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 17:54, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chris Harris


text:
Jürgen Klinsmann

Jürgen Klinsmann (born 30 July 1964) is a German professional football manager and former player. Klinsmann played for several prominent clubs in Europe including VfB Stuttgart, Inter Milan, Monaco, Tottenham Hotspur, and Bayern Munich. He was part of the West German team that won the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the unified German team that won the UEFA Euro 1996. As a manager, he managed the German national team to a third-place finish at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and was subsequently coach of a number of other teams including, notably, Bundesliga club Bayern Munich, the United States national team, and the South Korea national football team.

Considered one of Germany's premier strikers during the 1990s, Klinsmann scored in all six major international tournaments he participated in for Germany, from the UEFA Euro 1988 to the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 1995, he came in third in the FIFA World Player of the Year award; in March 2004 he was named in the FIFA 100 list of the "125 Greatest Living Footballers". In 2016, he became the fifth player to be named as honorary captain of Germany.

1972–1981: Youth career
Klinsmann is one of four sons of master baker Siegfried Klinsmann (died 2005) and his wife Martha (died 2021). At age eight, he began playing for TB Gingen, an amateur soccer club in Gingen an der Fils. Six months later, he scored 16 goals in a single match for his new club. At age ten, he moved to SC Geislingen. When he was 14 years old, his father bought a bakery in Stuttgart, the state capital. After the family relocated there, Klinsmann continued to play for SC Geislingen, even after he was spotted in a Württemberg youth selection. In 1978, aged 14, he signed a contract with Stuttgarter Kickers, the club where he would turn professional two years later. His parents decided he should first finish his apprenticeship as a baker in their family business, which he completed in 1982.

1981–1989: Stuttgarter Kickers and VfB Stuttgart
Klinsmann began his professional career in 1982 at the then-second division side Stuttgarter Kickers. By 1982–83, he was already a regular starter and by the end of the 1983–84 season, he had scored 19 goals for the club. Horst Buhtz, a Stuttgarter Kickers former coach, recalls Klinsmann benefited from intensive training from Horst Allman, who was one of the best sprint coaches in Germany at that time. At the beginning of the new season, he managed to improve his 100 m dash from 11.7 to 11.0 seconds.

In 1984, Klinsmann moved to first division rivals VfB Stuttgart. In his first season at the club, he scored 15 goals and was the team's joint top scorer with Karl Allgöwer. Despite his goal scoring efforts, he could not prevent his new club from finishing tenth in the league. During each of the 1985–86 and 1986–87 seasons, he scored 16 goals and reached the 1986 final of the DFB-Pokal, losing against Bayern Munich 2–5, but scoring the last goal of the match. In the 1987–88 season, he scored 19 goals – including a legendary overhead kick against Bayern – and was the Bundesliga's top goalscorer.

In 1988, the 24-year-old Klinsmann was named German Footballer of the Year. After reaching the 1988–89 UEFA Cup final with Stuttgart (eventually losing to Diego Maradona's inspired Napoli 5–4 on aggregate), Klinsmann moved to Italian club Inter Milan on a three-year contract, joining two other German internationals, Lothar Matthäus and Andreas Brehme.

1989–1992: Inter Milan
In spite of the heavily defensive orientated tactics of head coach Giovanni Trapattoni, Klinsmann scored 13 goals as the Nerazzurri finished third in Serie A. He became one of the most popular foreign players in Italy, mostly because he had learnt Italian and earned himself the respect of the fans with his appearance and language skills.

During the next season, Klinsmann won the UEFA Cup with Inter (2–1 on aggregate against Roma) and repeated his previous performance in the league with 14 goals; his contract was extended until 1994. A disastrous 1991–92 season caused all plans to fall through. Inter never managed to gain any momentum under coach Corrado Orrico and finished eighth in the league, with Klinsmann only scoring seven goals and the team being divided and fragmented into groups. It was clear for Klinsmann this would be his last season at the San Siro.

1992–1994: AS Monaco
After UEFA Euro 1992, Klinsmann moved to Monaco and catapulted the club to a second-place finish in the league in his first season. After the bribery scandal by Marseille and their subsequent disqualification as league winners, Monaco replaced them in the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, reaching the semi-final before finally losing to eventual winners Milan. The following season, Monaco only managed a ninth-place finish in the league. Klinsmann, who had missed two months due to a torn ligament, was mostly deployed as a lone-striker and started criticizing the attitude of his teammates. In 1994, he left the club early, with one more year remaining on his contract.

1994–1995: Tottenham Hotspur
Klinsmann moved to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League for the 1994–95 season, where the fans and media were very critical of the German because of his reputation as a diver. He was signed by Spurs in July 1994 from Monaco for £2 million. On his debut against Sheffield Wednesday, he scored the winning header and immediately won over fans with his goal celebration by self-deprecatingly diving to the ground. A Guardian journalist who had written an article called "Why I Hate Jürgen Klinsmann", wrote another two months later called "Why I Love Jürgen Klinsmann". Klinsmann went on to win the 1995 Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year.

Because of his humour, but also because of his athletic achievements and his combative playing style, Klinsmann quickly became extremely popular in England; over 150,000 of his shirts were sold. He now holds legendary status at Spurs and was inducted into Madame Tussauds Wax Museum.

Klinsmann scored 21 goals in the 1994–95 season for Spurs and a total of 30 in all competitions, including a late winner against Liverpool in the quarter-final of the FA Cup. He also found the net in the semi-final, but Spurs missed out on a place in the final by losing 4–1 to Everton.

1995–2003: Final years
Klinsmann then had a successful spell at Bayern Munich during the 1995–96 and 1996–97 season. He was the club's top goalscorer during both seasons, and won the 1995–96 UEFA Cup, setting a new goalscoring record of 15 goals in 12 matches during the competition (a record that stood until 2011). A year later, he also became German champion as he won the Bundesliga.

He then briefly moved to Italy for Sampdoria, but left the team in the winter and returned to Tottenham Hotspur. During his second stint at Tottenham in the 1997–98 season, his goals saved the club from relegation, particularly the four goals he scored in a 6–2 win at Wimbledon. He played the last match of his high-level club career in 1998 on the final day of the Premier League against Southampton.

After retiring and moving to the United States, in 2003 Klinsmann played for Orange County Blue Star, an amateur team in the fourth-tier Premier Development League.

International career
Klinsmann made his first international appearance for West Germany in 1987 and ultimately collected 108 caps, making him the country's fourth-most capped player behind Lothar Matthäus, Miroslav Klose and Lukas Podolski. Klinsmann scored 47 goals for West Germany in top-level international matches, sharing the all-time fourth place with Rudi Völler, and only surpassed by Klose's record of 71 goals for the national team, Gerd Müller's 68 goals and Podolski's 49. Klinsmann scored 11 goals in the FIFA World Cup, ranking sixth all-time.

In 1987, Klinsmann made his debut for Germany against Brazil in a 1–1 draw. He participated in the 1988 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal; the 1988, 1992 and 1996 UEFA European Championships, reaching the final in 1992 and becoming champion in 1996. Klinsmann was the first player to score in three different European Championships. Five other players – Vladimír Šmicer, Thierry Henry, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Nuno Gomes and Cristiano Ronaldo – have since equalled this record.

Klinsmann was an important part of the West German team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup. After qualifying for the round of 16, Germany was to play the Netherlands, against whom they had lost two years earlier in Euro 88. After Rudi Völler was sent off in the 22nd minute, Klinsmann was forced to play as a lone striker. He scored the 1–0 opener and his performance received considerable praise. German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung wrote that "In the last decade, not a single forward of a DFB team has offered such a brilliant, almost perfect performance." After further victories over Czechoslovakia (1–0) and England (1–1 after extra time, 4–3 on penalties), he became a world champion after beating Argentina 1–0 in the final. Klinsmann is remembered for being fouled by the Argentinian Pedro Monzón, who was subsequently sent off, reducing Argentina to ten men. Many critics called the incident a prime example of Klinsmann's diving, a claim he contradicted. In an interview in 2004, he noted that the foul left a 15 cm gash on his shin.

Klinsmann also competed for the unified Germany team at the 1994 (five goals), and 1998 (three goals), World Cups. He became the first player to score at least three goals in three consecutive World Cups, later joined by Ronaldo of Brazil and compatriot Miroslav Klose. Klinsmann is currently the sixth-highest goalscorer at World Cups overall and the third-highest goalscorer for Germany in this competition, behind Klose (16 goals) and Gerd Müller (14).

Germany
On 26 July 2004, Klinsmann returned to Germany as the new head coach of the national team, succeeding former teammate and strike partner Rudi Völler. Klinsmann subsequently embarked on an aggressive program to revamp the management of the team. Bringing fellow German striker Oliver Bierhoff on board helped diffuse public relations duties of the previous combined post away from the actual coaching aspect of the position. Furthermore, he created a youth movement to breathe life into an aging squad on the heels of a disastrous showing at Euro 2004. In the run-up to the 2006 World Cup, Klinsmann attracted criticism from German fans and the media following poor results, such as the 4–1 loss to Italy. A particular subject of criticism was that Klinsmann commuted to Germany from the U.S., which was the target of a campaign by the tabloid Bild. Klinsmann previously eliminated some privileges Bild traditionally had with the national team, such as receiving the team lineup the day before a match and 24/7 exclusive access to the team. His largely offensive tactics have irritated some, who complained he ignored defensive football. He announced a squad of young players for the 2006 World Cup, basing his selection policy on performance, not reputation.

During the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, he regularly rotated his goalkeepers regardless of their performances, which drew the ire of Bayern Munich's Oliver Kahn. On 7 April 2006, Klinsmann finally decided to relegate Kahn to the bench and designated Arsenal's Jens Lehmann as his first choice goalkeeper. This choice followed Lehmann's performances in the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League in which his Arsenal team bowed out in the final against Barcelona.

In the 2006 World Cup, Germany's performances silenced Klinsmann's critics, which included the form of an English song: "Who Do You Think You Are Kidding Jurgen Klinsmann?" The team recorded three-straight wins against Costa Rica, Poland and Ecuador in the group stage, earning Germany first place in Group A. The first match of the knockout stage was a 2–0 victory over Sweden, and in the quarter-finals, Klinsmann's team defeated Argentina, winning 4–2 on penalties. The teams drew 1–1 after 120 minutes after an equalising goal from Miroslav Klose in the 80th minute.

In the semi-final on 4 July, Germany lost a close match with Italy 2–0 after goals in the final minutes of extra time from Fabio Grosso and Alessandro Del Piero. After the match, Klinsmann praised the performance of his young team. They beat Portugal 3–1 in the third place play-off, where he played Kahn instead of Jens Lehmann. The victory triggered a massive parade in Berlin the following day where Klinsmann and the team were honoured by the public.

Afterward, Franz Beckenbauer, previously a strident critic of Klinsmann's, declared his desire to see Klinsmann continue as coach. There was also widespread public support for Klinsmann due to his team's spirit and attacking style of play. The team's strong performance is thought by some to have renewed national pride and restored Germany's reputation as a top soccer nation. Due to his success coaching the national team, Klinsmann was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz.

Despite the highly acclaimed performance at the World Cup and the praise earned, Klinsmann declined to renew his contract, informing the German Football Association (DFB) of his decision on 11 July 2006. The decision was officially announced by the DFB on 12 July 2006. Klinsmann's assistant, Joachim Löw, was appointed as the new head coach at the same press conference. Klinsmann said, "My big wish is to go back to my family, to go back to leading a normal life with them... After two years of putting in a lot of energy, I feel I lack the power and the strength to continue in the same way."

Bayern Munich

In January 2008, it was announced that Klinsmann would become Bayern Munich coach in July, succeeding Ottmar Hitzfeld. After beginning his role, Klinsmann made large changes to the club's training ground and structure in an attempt to modernise the club's culture. Notably, he installed Buddha statues in the training ground, which were criticised in the media and quickly removed.

Bayern started the season poorly and Klinsmann came under pressure as early as September, after a 5-2 home loss to Werder Bremen. After a 3-3 draw with VfL Bochum in October, Bayern were in 11th place in the Bundesliga and some fans chanted that Klinsmann should be sacked.

Bayern reached the quarter-final of the Champions League, after beating Sporting CP 12-1 on aggregate in the first knockout round, a Champions League record. However, they would lose heavily to eventual winners FC Barcelona in the next round, losing the first leg 4-0. Franz Beckenbauer described the team's performance as "the most dreadful I've ever seen from a Bayern team." Earlier that week, Bayern had lost 5-1 to Felix Magath's VfL Wolfsburg in a crucial league match.

Klinsmann was sacked on 27 April 2009 with five matches remaining. His final match was a 1–0 loss to Schalke 04. Bayern were in third-place at the time of the sacking. Klinsmann finished with a record of 25 wins, nine draws, and 10 losses in all competitions.

Following Klinsmann's time with Bayern, Bayern team captain Phillip Lahm wrote in his autobiography that Klinsmann's tenure with the club was a "failure" and that Klinsmann's lack of tactical instruction required the players to meet before kickoff to discuss strategy. Although they were largely criticised at the time, some of the changes he made at Bayern have since been recognised as helping contribute to the club's subsequent success.

Toronto FC
In November 2010, Klinsmann was hired as a technical consultant for Major League Soccer (MLS) club Toronto FC to advise on an overhaul of the club's coaching and playing personnel, leading the club to hire Aron Winter as head coach and Paul Mariner as technical director the following year. Both Winter and Mariner would later be fired by the club during a last place finish in the 2012 season.

United States

On 29 July 2011, Klinsmann was named the 35th head coach of the United States national team, replacing previous manager Bob Bradley, who had been fired following a 4–2 loss to Mexico in the final of the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

The U.S. struggled in friendly games early in Klinsmann's tenure, losing four matches and drawing one before ending the 2011 season with a victory over Slovenia. On 29 February 2012, the U.S. national team recorded a historic 1–0 victory in a friendly match away against Italy, its first win against the four-time World Cup champions. On 15 August 2012, Klinsmann coached the U.S. to a historic 1–0 win against long time rivals Mexico in a friendly held at the Estadio Azteca, giving the U.S. its first victory in the stadium.

In 2013, Klinsmann led the U.S. team into the final round of qualification for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, beginning with a 2–1 loss at Honduras before earning a point with a scoreless draw against Mexico in the Azteca. On 2 June 2013, the United States played their centennial celebratory game against Germany, where Klinsmann coached them to a 4–3 win over his native country. On 28 July, Klinsmann coached the U.S. team to their fifth CONCACAF Gold Cup title, defeating Panama 1–0 in the final. On 10 September 2013, following a 2–0 win over Mexico, the United States secured qualification for the World Cup. On 12 December 2013, Klinsmann signed a new contract extension with the United States Soccer Federation (USSF), lasting until 2018.

2014 World Cup

Klinsmann surprised the U.S. football world in May 2014 by selecting five so-called "Jurgen Americans", players with American serviceman fathers and German mothers who had all been born and professionally trained in Germany, to the 23-men squad in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. His selection particularly received criticism when he cut all-time leading U.S. scorer Landon Donovan from the final roster for the 2014 World Cup following the team's preliminary training camp. Klinsmann described it as "the most difficult decision of [his] coaching career" but that he sees other players "slightly ahead of [Donovan]". Klinsmann faced further controversy after his son Jonathan posted a comment on Twitter ridiculing Donovan, causing some to speculate that the decision was influenced by personal animosity between Klinsmann and Donovan.

On 16 June, Klinsmann guided the United States to a 2–1 win over Ghana in their first match of the 2014 World Cup, behind an early strike from captain Clint Dempsey and a dramatic 86th-minute header from substitute John Brooks. On 22 June, his side drew 2–2 against Portugal in the second group match. A defensive miscue early in the game led to an easy Portugal goal, but Jermaine Jones equalized with a strike from 30 yards out in the second half. Then, in the 81st minute, Dempsey scored to give the U.S. a 2–1 lead. The score remained 2–1 until the final seconds of stoppage time where Cristiano Ronaldo sent a cross that was headed past U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard by Silvestre Varela. On 26 June, the U.S. faced Germany. With possible elimination looming again as their round of 16 spot hung in the balance, the U.S. fell to the Germans, 1–0, but the hope of surviving the "group of death" remained alive in the Portugal–Ghana game in which Portugal defeated Ghana, 2–1, sending the U.S. to the round of 16.

The U.S. drew Belgium in the round of 16. After spending much of the match defending against Belgium's potent attack, with goalkeeper Tim Howard setting a World Cup finals record for saves in a match, the U.S. survived with a 0–0 score after 90 minutes, sending the match to extra time. After quickly falling behind 2–0 to Belgium in extra time, the U.S. cut the deficit in half in the 107th minute when substitute Julian Green volleyed in a lobbed through ball from Michael Bradley, but were unable to score a second and were eliminated.

2018 World Cup cycle
Klinsmann led the U.S. to a 1–0 win over Czech Republic to open the new 2018 World Cup cycle on 3 September, its first win over the Czechs. On 5 June 2015, Klinsmann guided the U.S. to a dramatic 4–3 win over the Netherlands in a friendly in Amsterdam and another friendly victory over Germany five days later.

The U.S. under Klinsmann finished fourth in the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup following losses to Jamaica in the semi-finals and Panama in the third place match, the team's worst performance in the tournament since 2000. In 2016, Klinsmann successfully advanced the U.S. through its first round of World Cup qualification out of a group containing Guatemala, Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

The U.S. opened the final World Cup qualification round in November 2016 with a 2–1 home defeat to Mexico and a 4–0 away defeat to Costa Rica. Following the losses, which left the U.S. at the bottom of the qualification table, Klinsmann was fired by the USSF on 21 November 2016, being replaced by LA Galaxy manager Bruce Arena, who had previously coached the team from 1998 to 2006. Ultimately, the U.S. failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Hertha BSC
On 27 November 2019, Klinsmann became the new manager of Hertha BSC, replacing Ante Čović. On 11 February 2020 he announced via Facebook that he would step down as coach after having been in this position for just ten weeks. Despite stating his intention of remaining part of the club's supervisory board, he was ultimately barred from doing so as Hertha's investor Lars Windhorst publicly criticized his behavior, calling the manner of his departure "unacceptable".

South Korea
On 27 February 2023, Klinsmann was announced as the head coach of South Korea, replacing Paulo Bento on a contract until the conclusion of the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Klinsmann has been described as highly unpopular to South Korean fans, due to his unusual practice of working while away from South Korea, his alleged lack of interests in players in the K League 1, and his questionable squad selections. Following poor performance in South Korea's friendly matches, he received heavy criticism. This became increasingly problematic during the 2023 AFC Asian Cup, when South Korea had only a win and two draws at the group stages (3-1 Bahrain), (2-2 Jordan), (3-3 Malaysia), leaving them to face a challenging knockout stage draw against Saudi Arabia. During this match, Klinsmann's tactics and player selections were highly criticised. In the end, South Korea lost to Jordan 2–0 in the semifinals of AFC Asian Cup in Qatar on 7 February 2024. Afterwards, Klinsmann's tactics and work ethic became the focus of scrunity from both the South Korean public and the team. He was criticized by Koreans for smiling even when his team lost. On 16 February, the Korea Football Association announced the immediate termination of Klinsmann's contract, citing "failure to demonstrate leadership" as one of the reasons.

Charity work and social engagements

In 1995, Klinsmann and some of his close friends founded the children charity foundation Agapedia, which stems from the Greek language and translates to "Love for Children". In 1997, Klinsmann, acting as the captain of the Germany national team, visited the Holocaust memorial place Yad Vashem in Israel alongside his coach Berti Vogts. This visit was televised around the globe and drew worldwide attention. Klinsmann is also a board member of the German Initiative Für die Zukunft lernen, which means "Learning for the future", and supports the education of young people about the Holocaust. In May 1999, Klinsmann donated all the proceeds from his farewell match (more than US$1 million) to different children's charity organizations. The match was a sell-out with 54,000 fans in Stuttgart's Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion. Famous personalities such as Bryan Adams, Boris Becker and many others contributed to this event.

Personal life

Klinsmann was born in Göppingen. His family moved to Stuttgart when he was a teenager. Klinsmann's family operates a bakery in Stuttgart's Botnang district and consequently he is sometimes affectionately referred to as the "baker's son from Botnang". Klinsmann is, in fact, a journeyman baker, having served an apprenticeship.

He is married to Debbie Chin, an American former model of Chinese descent, having proposed to her back in 1995; they wed later that year in Milan.

Klinsmann lives in Huntington Beach, California. He and his wife have two children. Son Jonathan, a goalkeeper, has been capped at age group level for the United States U-20 team. Aside from German, Klinsmann is fluent in English, Italian and French, and is a certified commercial helicopter pilot. He is a naturalized U.S. citizen. Klinsmann has also worked as a pundit, working with ESPN for the 2010 World Cup, and with BBC Sport at the 2018 World Cup and 2020 European Championship. He works on ESPN FC as of 2021. He wrote the daily email newsletter from Qatar for BBC Sport during the World Cup 2022.

On 25 November 2022, following Iran's 2–0 victory over Wales in the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Klinsmann received backlash after his controversial comments made on BBC. Klinsmann claimed that the reason Iran won was because they used dirty tactics to manipulate Guatemalan referee Mario Escobar and that it was a part of Iranian football culture to play dirty. He then went on to claim that head coach Carlos Queiroz was a failure during his stint at Colombia and Egypt, stating "This is not by coincidence, this is all [done] purposely ... This is just part of their culture." Carlos Queiroz responded inviting Klinsmann to the Iran camp to show him what Iranian football culture truly is, and petitioned FIFA to remove him as a member of the Qatar 2022 Technical Study Group.

In April 2023, Klinsmann was one of the 22 personal guests at the ceremony in which former Chancellor Angela Merkel was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit for special achievement by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Schloss Bellevue in Berlin.

International

 * Scores and results list West Germany's and Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Klinsmann goal.

Player
Inter Milan
 * UEFA Cup: 1990–91

Bayern Munich
 * Bundesliga: 1996–97
 * UEFA Cup: 1995–96

West Germany and Germany
 * FIFA World Cup: 1990
 * UEFA European Championship: 1996; runner-up: 1992
 * Summer Olympic Games: 1988 Bronze medal
 * U.S. Cup: 1993

Individual
 * Goal of the Year (Germany): 1987
 * Bundesliga top scorer: 1987–88
 * kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1987–88
 * Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1988, 1994
 * FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1990
 * Premier League Player of the Month: August 1994
 * Tottenham Hotspur Club Player of the Year: 1994
 * FWA Footballer of the Year: 1994–95 (Tottenham Hotspur)
 * Premier League PFA Team of the Year: 1994–95
 * ESM Team of the Year: 1994–95
 * IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer: 1995
 * Ballon d'Or runner-up: 1995
 * FIFA World Player of the Year Bronze award: 1995
 * UEFA Cup Top Scorer: 1995–96
 * FIFA XI: 1996, 1999
 * FIFA 100
 * UEFA Jubilee Poll (2004): #64

Manager
Germany
 * FIFA World Cup third place: 2006
 * FIFA Confederations Cup third place: 2005

United States
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2013
 * CONCACAF Cup runner-up: 2015

Individual
 * German Football Manager of the Year: 2006
 * CONCACAF Coach of the Year: 2013

Literature

 * Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling: Strategen des Spiels – Die legendären Fußballtrainer, Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89533-475-8, S. 332ff.
 * Jens Mende: Jürgen Klinsmann – Wie wir Weltmeister werden, Südwest-Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 3-517-08208-2.
 * Michael Horeni: Klinsmann. Stürmer Trainer Weltmeister. Scherz, Frankfurt/Main 2005, ISBN 3-502-15045-1.

title: Jürgen Klinsmann


text:
Rabies (Skinny Puppy album)

Rabies is the fifth studio album by Skinny Puppy. It was released on November 21, 1989 through Nettwerk. The album notably features Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen (credited as Alien Jourgensen) who performed electric guitar and vocals on several songs. The album spawned two singles, "Tin Omen" and "Worlock", the latter of which becoming one of the band's most recognizable songs. The cover art was made by longtime Skinny Puppy collaborator Steven R. Gilmore. In 1993 the CD edition was reissued by Nettwerk to correct mastering errors in the original release.

Rabies was a commercial success for the band, but received mixed reviews from critics upon release, several of whom drew parallels between the record and Ministry's style, both favorably and unfavorably. A joint tour with Ministry, KMFDM, and My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, dubbed The Mutants of Rock Tour, was planned but ultimately cancelled when Skinny Puppy ended its commitment to the project.

Recording and production
Most of the band's previous albums had been mixed and produced by the group's "fourth member" Dave "Rave" Ogilvie. For Rabies, lead singer/songwriter Nivek Ogre brought in friend and Ministry frontman, Al Jourgensen. Ogre had met Jourgensen during the recording of the PTP song "Show Me Your Spine" in 1987. Ogre later toured with Ministry (Ogre can be seen and heard on the In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up video and CD) and would also go on to provide vocals for Jourgensen's side project Revolting Cocks. The other two members of Skinny Puppy, cEvin Key (drummer) and Dwayne Goettel (keyboardist/synthesist), did not approve of Jourgensen's takeover, creating a "glacial coldness" between the band members. A couple years following the release of Rabies, Key mentioned to Alternative Press that he believed Jourgensen's motive for assisting in the album's production was to try and break up Skinny Puppy.

Much of the album had been written before Jourgensen was officially involved, though Key has mentioned that the process was influenced by the notion that Jourgensen might join them in the studio to "jam". The group took into consideration what type of music Jourgensen would be interested in making, thus writing guitar heavy material such as "Tin Omen", a song which makes reference to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. "Fascist Jock Itch", also written with Jourgensen in mind, was inspired by an incident between Ogre and a few skinheads. Ogre states that he had been approached by the skinheads who then proceeded to question him regarding his "loyalty towards communism" (prompted by a small Red star on his pants). Feeling threatened, Ogre pushed one of them away and a short scuffle ensued. Other songs on the album, such as "Worlock" and "Choralone", have been described as being more "pure" to previous Skinny Puppy material. The song "Hexonxonx", a song which criticizes the use of oil (written in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989), has been described as being an exemplary mixture of "twisted humor and Throbbing Gristle-like experimentation", while other entries from the album have been noted for their novel use of sampling.

The song "Worlock" has been played on every tour after its conception. A Roland Harmonizer was used to create the vocoder-effect during the chorus. Samples of the song "Helter Skelter" by the Beatles are mixed with an excerpt of Charles Manson singing the song; the excerpt comes from the 1973 documentary Manson.

Release and promotion
The original CD release on Nettwerk (and the licensed version on Capitol) was mistakenly mastered with Dolby B noise reduction, which resulted in a muffled sound. In 1993, the album was digitally remastered and re-released on Nettwerk.

Only one promotional video was produced for Rabies. The "Worlock" video was primarily a rhythmically edited string of horror movie clips featuring outtakes and clips from the band's earlier video, "Stairs and Flowers" (from the album Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse). The video, which opens with a "Rated X" graphic, was intended to be a critique of the concept of censorship in America. Many of the movie clips featured in the video were from films made by controversial Italian filmmaker Dario Argento, whose work has a reputation for being heavily censored by US distributors in order to gain "R-Ratings" from the MPAA. For the "Worlock" video Skinny Puppy included footage deleted from the US versions of such Argento films as Deep Red, Suspiria, Tenebrae, Phenomena, and Opera. Other films included in the music video include, The Beyond, Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Bad Taste, Dead and Buried, Luther The Geek, Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, From Beyond, Death Warmed Up, Eraserhead and Altered States.

Due to the graphic violence of the horror film clips used in the video, and also copyright violations, "Worlock" was subsequently banned by MTV, and did not receive any television airplay. In 1992, Skinny Puppy released a compilation of their music videos, but "Worlock" was noticeably absent. According to Nettwerk, the video was omitted partially due to copyright problems and also because of concern the video would be banned by other countries which might find the video's content obscene. However, in recent years the video has been widely bootlegged among fans on the Internet. "Backing" videos for "Tin Omen" and "Choralone" were produced for the Too Dark Park tour in 1990, and have also been spread on the Internet.

A limited run of promotional mechanical pencils were made and sent to college (and possibly other) radio stations along with the album. Shaped like a syringe the pencils were white with black lettering "SKINNY [PUPPY]" and white on black lettering "RABIES". They were approximately 4 inches in length.

The Mutants of Rock Tour, which was to include a quadruple bill including Skinny Puppy, Ministry, KMFDM, and My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, was to begin on December 27, 1989. However, according to Key, the tour was called off when Skinny Puppy collectively decided to pull out, citing concerns regarding the band's then uncertain situation. Key suggested a potential line of shows for the summer of 1990, but expressed little faith in any tour supporting Rabies ever happening. Ogre ultimately joined Ministry's tour for The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste.

Critical reception
Since the album's release, reception from both critics and fans has been mixed. Alternative Press said Rabies was more of a Skinny Puppy/Ministry hybrid and was not representative of the group's best work.

Tim DiGravina from AllMusic stated that Rabies was a solid release, even though he felt the band was not performing "at their peak". He goes on to praise the album's implementation of movie dialogue, particularly commending its use in the songs "Worlock", "Tin Omen", and "Rivers". DiGravina was, however, less impressed by Jourgensen's contributions, asserting that the same qualities which made The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste a good album were not suitable for Rabies. Trey Spencer from Sputnikmusic was less favorable, calling the record one of the group's "low points". He was critical of the album's use of simple (and sometimes "formless") song structures and claimed that the sampling brought nothing meaningful to the table. Spencer was more receptive to the song "Worlock", calling it the band's "defining moment", but concludes by saying that "the rest of the album consists of two good Industrial Metal songs, three average songs, and five songs that aren’t worth wasting your time on".

Beth Fertig of The Boston Globe panned the album as "just another festering collection of noise", but pointed out the use of humor on songs such as "Fascist Jock Itch" as a positive element of the band's music. Daniel Lukes of Kerrang! said that despite a "handful of undeniably classic tracks", the album comes across more as a collection of "Ministry B-sides" than a typical Skinny Puppy record.

In a positive review from the Los Angeles Times, writers Jonathan Gold and David Kendrick list Rabies as an essential industrial album, calling it a "slightly atypical" offering that "also rocks a little harder". This sentiment was echoed by CMJ's Brad Filicky, who called the album "a masterpiece of the industrial genre". Jean Carey of the Tampa Bay Times praised the album, calling attention to the use of sampling, the song "Worlock", and Ogre's vocal work, which was compared to a "crazed Jimmy Durante". Carey concluded by saying that "Skinny Puppy's willingness to experiment and change makes [Rabies] well worth a listen". Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post thought the album was less theatrical than their previous efforts, but concluded that the album's "groove is as solid as any the Puppy has ever fetched".

Personnel

 * Nivek Ogre (vocals)
 * cEvin Key (production, engineering, mixing, various instruments)
 * Dwayne Goettel (production, engineering, mixing, various instruments)
 * Dave Ogilvie (production, engineering, mixing, backing vocals)
 * Al Jourgensen (production, engineering, mixing, guitar, additional vocals)
 * Greg Reely (additional engineering, special thanks)
 * Marc Ramaer (additional engineering, mixing)
 * Ken Marshall (additional engineering)
 * Cyan Meeks (vocals and lyrics on "Rain")
 * Keith Auerbach (mixing on "Fascist Jock Itch")
 * Jeff Newell (mixing on "Fascist Jock Itch")

title: Rabies (Skinny Puppy album)


text:
End of the world

End of the world or The End of the World may refer to:
 * The end time in the eschatology of various religions and mythologies
 * Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, fiction that is concerned with the end of human civilization
 * Global catastrophe scenarios resulting in the destruction of the planet, human extinction, or the end of human civilization

Art

 * The End of the World (painting), an 1853 painting by John Martin
 * The End of the World, a lost painting by Francesco Anelli

Books

 * The End of the World, 1930 novel by Geoffrey Dennis, winner of the 1930 Hawthornden Prize
 * Skulduggery Pleasant: The End of the World, a 2012 novella by Derek Landy

Films

 * The End of the World (1916 film), a Danish film
 * End of the World (1931 film), based on Omega: The Last Days of the World
 * Panic in Year Zero!, a 1962 science fiction film also released under the title End of the World
 * End of the World (1977 film), a film starring Christopher Lee and Sue Lyon
 * The End of the World (1992 film), a Portuguese film
 * The End of the World (video), a 2003 viral video
 * The working title of This Is the End, a 2013 film
 * End of the World, a 2013 film starring Greg Grunberg
 * End of the World, a 2018 film written by Michael Varrati

Television

 * "The End of the World", a 1958 episode of Trackdown
 * "End of the World", a 1966 episode of The Time Tunnel
 * "The End of the World" (Doctor Who), a 2005 episode of Doctor Who
 * "End of the World" (Parks and Recreation), a 2011 episode of Parks and Recreation
 * Category 7: The End of the World, a 2005 television miniseries
 * "The End of the World", an episode of Freddy's Nightmares
 * The End of the World (audio drama), an audio drama spin-off of Doctor Who
 * The End of the World (TV series), a 2013 South Korean TV series directed by Ahn Pan-seok

Bands

 * End of the World (band), (also known as Sekai no Owari) a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo in 2007

Albums

 * End of the World (album), by Aphrodite's Child, 1968
 * The End of the World (Adam and the Plants album), 2015
 * The End of the World (Julie London album), 1963
 * The End of the World (Mucc album), 2014
 * End of the World, an EP by Alex Metric, 2011
 * End Of The World, an EP by Searows, 2023

Songs

 * "The End of the World" (Skeeter Davis song), a 1962 single by Skeeter Davis
 * "End of the World" (Ash song), a 2007 single by alternative rock band Ash
 * "The End of the World" (The Cure song), a 2004 song by British alternative rock band The Cure
 * "End of the World", a 1978 song from Change of Heart by Eric Carmen
 * "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)", a 1987 song by R.E.M.
 * "To the End of the World", a song on the 1995 Pat Metheny Group album We Live Here
 * "End of the World", a 2014 song from Sound of Change by The Dirty Heads
 * "The End of the World", a song by Angela from Sora no Koe
 * "End of the World", a 2007 song from Smile for Them by Armor for Sleep and the soundtrack for Transformers
 * "End of the World", a 2011 bonus track on the German deluxe edition of Panic of Girls by Blondie
 * "End of the World", 2007 song by Blackfield from Blackfield II
 * "End of the World", a song by the Clubber Lang Band
 * "End of the World", a song from 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage by Cold
 * "End of the World", a 2009 song from Out of Ashes by Dead by Sunrise
 * "The End of the World", a 2004 song from Master of the Moon by Dio
 * "The End Of The World", a 2012 song from Christmas Ain't About Me by The Doubleclicks
 * "End of the World", a 1997 song from Play by Great Big Sea
 * "End of the World", a 2000 song from Duty by Ayumi Hamasaki
 * "End of the World", a 2003 song from Modern Artillery by the Living End
 * "End of the World", a 2010 song from Above the Noise by McFly
 * "End of the World", a 2012 song from Human Again by Ingrid Michaelson
 * "End of the World", a 1982 song from Corridors of Power by Gary Moore
 * "End of the World", a 2013 song from Picture Show by Neon Trees and Damon Albarn
 * "End of the World", a 2008 song from When Angels & Serpents Dance by P.O.D.
 * "The End of the World", a 1990 song from Behaviour by the Pet Shop Boys
 * "End of the World", a 2005 song from Anxiety by Smile Empty Soul
 * "End of the World", a 1995 song by Waltons from their 1995 album Cock's Crow
 * "End of the World", a 2011 song by Alex Metric and Charli XCX
 * "End of the world", a 2023 song by Tom MacDonald and John Rich

title: End of the world


text:
Talk:Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry

Accessibility
This glossary is almost entirely useless to an untrained reader (like myself). Perhaps a glossary isn't the place to explain to a novice what, say, conjugate points are, but insofar as Wikipedia is a general—rather than discipline-specific—encyclopedia, there needs to be some way to present these concepts and actually explain them in terms other than their purely mathematical qualities. Job L 23:34, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Suggested policy regarding glossary usage
Do not link indirectly to this glossary as in. Rather, link verbatim to where you want to go. In this case to. Then create a redirect from the Jacobi field page to this glossary. This has two principal advantages:
 * 1) There may be a large number of broken links to Jacobi field elsewhere in Wikipedia. By creating a redirect page, you fix them all at once.
 * 2) If someone comes along later wants to write a real article about Jacobi fields they can just replace the redirect and there are no links to fix.

Fropuff 02:21, 2004 Mar 14 (UTC)

Concerning "totally convex": the definition actually requires any geodesic to lie within K, see e.g. http://math.berkeley.edu/~alanw/240papers00/zambon.pdf \Mike(z) 08:36, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

2007-02-1 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 16:35, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Geodesic distance
Now it redirects to Distance (graph theory), which obviously is not correct. Maybe, geodesic metric space should be an article and geodesic distance have to be redirected there? In any case, please, fix it. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 19:41, 7 April 2010 (UTC)