text:
1789 in Canada

Events from the year 1789 in Canada.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: George III

Governors

 * Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
 * Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
 * Governor of Nova Scotia: John Parr
 * Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
 * Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

Events

 * 1789–93 – Alexander Mackenzie of Canada, seeking northern river route to the Pacific, travels to the Arctic Ocean; on second journey he crosses continent by land, making contact with many tribes.
 * Alexander Mackenzie journeys to the Beaufort Sea, following what would later be named the Mackenzie River.
 * David Thompson learns surveying from Philip Turnor.
 * Lord Grenville proposes that lands in Upper Canada be held in free and common soccage, and that the tenure of Lower Canadian lands be optional with the inhabitants.

Births

 * November 13 – Denis-Benjamin Papineau, joint premier of the Province of Canada (died 1854)

Historical documents
Wilberforce on slave trade's effects in Africa and on Middle Passage with its 12.5% death rate, plus 4.5% rate from Caribbean seasoning

Lord High Chancellor tells Secretary of State that colonies should get civil liberty without political liberty, which leads to independence

Pre-industrial status of U.S.A. makes it dependent on British goods; such status will continue while so many seek agricultural work and wealth

Letter-to-the-editor points out suffering of poor people when they can't afford price of flour in Montreal and upper Canada

Bibliographer concludes state of literature and sale of books are very low in Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

Lower Canada
Profile of Quebec's constitution, population, laws, "circulating property," land tenure, agriculture, science, commerce and import/export

Lengthy petition to Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester with scores of signatures calls for preservation of Quebec Act and Canadian laws

Council suggests setting up free school in each parish (teaching "reading, writing, and cyphering"), county schools and "a collegiate institution"

Provision made for four remaining Jesuits in Canada and transfer of Jesuit property to Canadian citizens (Note: "savages" used)

Warning against "False Copper Coin;" supply entering province in tubs of butter with false bottoms; refuse any copper coin over 1 shilling

"Mercatorius Honestus" lays out business rules under which "Trade will flourish[...], Bankruptcy [and] Confusion will cease, and honesty [return]"

Government circulates plan for new agricultural society to raise grain quality and prevent "scarcity[...]this country unfortunately feels at present"

New bridge over Saint-Charles River is 700 ft. long, has two lanes plus walkways, and will begin replacement of Canada's inconvenient ferries

Bishop of Nova Scotia's sermon in Trois-Rivières attended by Protestants, Catholics and Jews; 100 loaves of bread distributed to poor

For sale: "Pawney Boy," about 17, "an excellent servant to attend table;" 9 years with current owner, who "has now no further use for him"

"For Sale, a Stout, Healthy Mulatto Girl, 26 years of age, or thereabouts"

"Quebec plan" to transport Newgate convicts to Canada instead of Botany Bay follows unspecified "unhappy fate" of transported Irish

Masons (in Quebec City?) to have 450 loaves of bread distributed, "considering the distressed situation of the poor in the present scarcity of flour"

Quebec City dance to be held "once a fortnight during the Season;" gentlemen are asked to retire after 2 dances to allow newcomer men to dance

Pianofortes for sale, plus strings and music (Haydn, Bach, Clementi and others) for that instrument and harpsichord, guitar and violin; lessons too

Upper Canada
Secretary of State tells Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester that expenditures of Indian Department are too high and "abuses" by staff need investigation

Dorchester seeks "comfort of the Indians" in ending disputes among Six Nations leaders and evicting whites at Grand River

Council committee has ways to regularize shipping on Great Lakes "to establish the Empire of the British Flag upon the Fresh water Oceans"

Nova Scotia
Provincial agriculture society to be set up especially to support knowledge of land improvement, cultivation, seeds, orchards and cattle

Students in both Latin and English divisions do well in examinations at King's Collegiate School (referred to as "academy" and "seminary")

King's College of Nova Scotia to be founded and maintained by province with annual subsidy plus fund to purchase house or grounds in Windsor

"Wants a place, a Negro Woman, who can cook and do all kinds of Household Work, and be well recommended for Honesty and Sobriety"

Halifax man seeks missing Black apprentice Hannah Thompson, who "chews Tobacco like a Man" and has legs "very much scalded" years ago

Falmouth man seeks "Negro Woman Slave, named Philis, but calls herself Betty," age 37, and Irish servant John McNeal; reward of $8 for each

Overseers of the Poor call for contractors to supply Halifax Poor House with 50 cords of wood and "Fresh Beef, soft Bread, and single Spruce Beer"

Churchwardens thank "the Managers of the Navy and Army Theatre" for £20 donated for "the distressed and indigent at this inclement Season"

Digby minister: "[T]he greater part of people seem to consider attendance on divine worship[...]as left intirely to their own choice and humour"

Halifax druggist has "a General fresh assortment of Medicines [including] Camphire and Saffron; Sago Powder [and] Essence of Peppermint"

New Brunswick
Courts may, instead of burning convicted felon "in the brawn of the left thumb," impose fine or whipping, plus imprisonment

U.S. cornmeal is being imported because their wheat gets subsidy in France; N.B. mills at standstill though they lower price of meal about one third

Praise for production of two comedies "by a company of Gentlemen[...]with great life and humour" in province's "first dramatic exhibition" Winter amusement in Fredericton includes sleighing, dancing, rope dancers and man "dancing on a wire"

Prince Edward Island
Proprietors seek exemption from British law to allow them to bring settlers from U.S.A. to make Island "of that Importance of which it is capable"

Bishop of Nova Scotia surprised Charlottetown vestry has not built church; they "lament" not attending to "regular exercise of religious duties"

Pacific Coast
Suggestion (following Pacific coast exploration summary) that Hudson's Bay Company fur be shipped to Asia by East India Co. (Note: "savages" used)

John Meares relates capture of his trading company's crew and ship by Spanish navy in Nootka Sound

French Revolution
In Paris, "the murmurings and discontents of the people increase daily [and] divisions [grow] more alarming and violent"

Towns tell deputies sent to Estates-General in Paris to propose various principles, "and it appears[...]English Constitution is taken as a basis"

"Here [in Paris] it is astonishing to see the fermentation which reigns among the minds of people of all ranks, professions, and denominations"

"In the national assembly, the debates continue to be carried on with increasing violence, and bid defiance to monarchy"

"A National Revolution" - Bastille taken, its governor executed, Queen in flight, King detained, British ambassador threatened, etc.

Drafting declaration of rights presented to National Assembly was difficult, given how "vicious" previous French government was

"Wonderful" revolution is talk of Europe and influencing affairs in neighbouring countries; Britain "is minding her own business"

Edmund Burke hears "there are considerable emigrations from France," even to "the frozen regions, and under the British despotism, of Canada"

Elsewhere
Notice: 2,500+ "chaldrons" of coal for sale at Spanish River, Cape Breton, with payment taken in flour, bread, pork, rum, molasses, sugar etc.

Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly rights are "silent usurpations [that bring] discredit upon an enlightened age and nation"

Description of waterways between Lake Superior and Great Slave Lake also assumes latter connects with Pacific by mistaken "Cook's River"

Travelling down Dehcho (later Mackenzie River), Alexander Mackenzie befriends Dene (Slavey and Dogrib) who at first are terrified

U.S. House hears duty on molasses will harm New England fishers, fishery and shipbuilding, and that some may move to Nova Scotia

"Gentleman [reports] that last month, at New-York, General Washington was proclaimed and crowned George I, King of America"

title: 1789 in Canada


text:
1790 in Canada

Events from the year 1790 in Canada.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: George III

Governors

 * Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
 * Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
 * Governor of Nova Scotia: John Parr
 * Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
 * Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

Events

 * British Captain George Vancouver begins his three-year survey of northwest coast of North America.
 * Spain signs the Nootka Convention, ceding the Pacific Northwest to England and the United States.
 * October 7 New York consents to Vermont's admission to the Union, with cessation of New York's jurisdiction, in the disputed territory.
 * Lower Canada is divided into three districts, instead of two.

Historical documents

 * Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester has been asked by British officials for comments on proposed bill to create Lower and Upper Canada provinces

 * Britain allows families from U.S.A. to bring into North American colonies "any negroes," furniture, farm tools and clothing duty free

 * Comment on buildup of British army generally and minister's "determination that a strong force shall be kept up" on North American frontier

 * Dorchester is asked to return British-held frontier posts, but they are "considered as a kind of guarantee for the discharge" of U.S. debt to Britain

 * Montrealer says Dorchester expects U.S. move against frontier posts, but neither fur trade nor Canada is worth going to war over

 * U.S.A. may want British-held posts but will be disappointed by them, as "spirit of rivalship" will make fur trade no advantage to them

 * Agricultural Society in Canada publishes advice, including on growing hemp and manuring with plaster of Paris

 * Formation of U.S. militia anticipates "an attack from the sea-side by an European power, aided by our sworn enemies settled on our extreme left"

 * Expected war between Spain and Britain might include latter's request to march troops across U.S. territory to attack Spain's Mississippi posts

Map: North and Central America divided into territories claimed by Britain, Spain, U.S.A., and France

Lower Canada

 * Chief Justice says "Heaven has[...]smiled upon [us with] plenty and peace" and prospect of constitution "uniting us more closely to Great Britain"

 * Anticipating "long-looked for House of Assembly," letter-to-the-editor suggests club "to discuss public questions, and so train ourselves up"

 * "Great smallpox mortality amongst the inhabitants, particularly the younger part," is because of "aversion of the lower ranks to inoculation"

 * "Citizens of the Province of Quebec" sign petition calling for creation of university to teach "learned Languages and Sciences (excepting Theology)"

 * Newly arrived Gen. Clarke formally opens his commission as lieutenant-governor and takes "usual Oaths [and] his Seat at the Council-Board"

 * Alliance of U.S.A. with Spain prompts reinforcement of Quebec City garrison; Canadian militia among at least 10,000 men ready for action

 * In their petition, millers, bakers and others in bread trade note "years of scarcity and distress" ended with last harvest's "abundance"

 * Coadjutor bishop Charles-François Bailly de Messein openly criticizes Bishop Jean-François Hubert, claiming support of "Clergy and Citizens"

 * Back country land granted to French emigrants motivated by "distracted state of France" and "free exercise of their religion" in Canada

 * Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester decides Gaspé is part of lower Canada because of commercial connection and current remoteness of Fredericton

 * "A great success" - St. Lawrence River North Shore fisheries report taking 10,723 seals to produce 97,579 gallons of oil

 * Quebec City fire society's new reservoir near Bishop's Palace holds 200 hogsheads of water and sits beneath building with "one of the largest Engines"

 * Editorial notes hanging with dissection carried out in Montreal for first time, and hopes it will be crime deterrent as well as medical lesson

 * All 3 prisoners in Quebec City jail, in close confinement for 3+ years without friends or assistance, "are really starving" on 1 lb. of bread each per day

 * For sale: "Young Healthy Negro Woman capable of most kind of business; good cook and house-maid, understands milking cows and making butter[...]"

 * Moses Israel Levi of Quebec City cites "very scurvy appellations [bestowed] on my predecessors the Jews" in anonymous letter-to-the-editor

 * Edward Conway says Mary Warren has left him and "as a Prostitute I recommend her to the Universe, I being the Fourth Man she has elop'd from"

 * Among many school books for sale is "The Academic Speaker, or a selection of parliamentary debates, orations, odes, scenes and speeches[....]"

 * Offering free tuition to 6 "scholars," teacher cites civil servant salaries that "may not be adequate to the numerous exigencies of a large family"

 * Premiere of "Liberty Asserted, or Canada Restored," historical play set "among the five nations of Iroquois; the plot is very interesting"

 * Quebec City perfumer has lavender, rose and musk essences, but also "bears grease" for hair and "Prince of Wales's opiate for the teeth"

Upper Canada

 * Dorchester intends to create "loyal Aristocracy [in Upper Country] by opening the road to affluence and honors to all [who have] diligence and fidelity"

 * Leader of Upper Canada to be John Graves Simcoe, not John Johnson, whose connection to U.C., including much property, would be "not desirable"

 * John Johnson reports incomplete surveying has "greatly retarded the settlement of the Country," with would-be settlers discouraged and gone

 * Six Nations of the Grand River leaders request deed to set territory's boundary, citing Haudenosaunee in U.S.A. wishing to come over to join them

 * George Clinton calls Joseph Brant "a Man of very considerable Information, Influence and Interprize, and[...]his Friendship is worthy of Cultivation"

 * Dorchester on Indian Department "irregularity" (disobedience, private sale of royal presents, absence without leave) and Kanien’kéhà:ka discontent

 * Former Queen's Rangers commander Simcoe proposes similar "corps" for U.C.; interesting details of commission-buying and soldiers moonlighting

 * Surgeon's mate of 60th Regiment, asked to settle in area lacking "medical assistance," petitions for 2,000 acres of land (and receives grant)

 * U.S. Secretary of War advises governor of Northwest to assure British posts that campaign against Indigenous nations is not aimed at them

 * John Butler advises Haudenosaunee of New York not to enter, even individually, any conflict between U.S. and either British or "Southern Indians"

 * Former missionary among Indigenous people on north side of Lake Ontario suggests U.S. mission on border to influence "Northern Indians"

Nova Scotia

 * Disagreement between Council and House of Assembly over latter's sole right to handle money bills threatens government's expiring spending authority

 * Provincial agriculture society wants county societies formed to learn best ways to grow grains, peas, Indian corn, potatoes, turnips etc.

 * U.S. Treasury Secretary learns of Nova Scotians caught smuggling fish into Boston, and difficulty telling their fish from U.S. crews' catches

 * Assembly committee reports 83 "transient Poor" in Halifax, and is "at a loss what Remedies can be applied" to lessen their number or expense

 * Bishop of Nova Scotia consecrates Shelburne's Anglican church in ceremonies including 6th Regiment's "exceeding good Singers and Powerful Voices"

 * Bishop Inglis, reminding Lt. Gov. Parr of promise of 1,000 acres of bishop's choosing, asks 967 acres bordering his "Aylesford Mountain" property

 * Shipwrecked brig's master believed holding "considerable Sum of Money" owner had on board; $100 reward offered plus 5% of money recovered

 * Missing "Negro Boy Slave Named Dick," about 20, "stoops a little in walking, and has lost [part] of his great Toe of the left Foot;" 40 shilling reward

 * Middle-aged man seeks job as groom or coachman; "can learn Ladies and Gentlemen to ride or break Horses for any Purpose"

New Brunswick

 * "The probability of a War with Spain" means preparing some younger provincial militia members for active service, even with regular troops

 * Thomas Peters, sergeant in Black Pioneers, petitions for land for Black people, as they are "Suffering [and] incapable of paying the poor tax"

 * Brief description of Madawaska settlement by surveyor on field trip

Hudson's Bay Company

 * Albany chief factor wants Henley House officers to adopt "spirit of harmony [to] enable us with one mind to resist[...]our antagonists the Canadians"

 * "Captain Pauchagee" is "a very good Indian," but keeping him at Eastmain post "very tiklish" as he is leader at "Canadian Settlement [Manicouagan]"

 * "Resident" at York Factory avoids hiring Indigenous men, "for Indians are [so dissatisfied], they think themselves never sufficiently paid"

 * Red Lake post men row batteaux with goods to Lac Seul, hauling boats on hundreds of fresh-cut rollers and earning "a little extra groag"

 * Indigenous hunter at Severn, stabbed in quarrel and stitched up, has recovered enough 6 weeks later to take family trapping but is soon reported dead

 * From "his great propensity to Liquor", Severn first officer Moore is sick with convulsions, sometimes speechless or "troubled in mind"

 * Moose Factory worker shoots himself in thigh by stumbling across wire of "set gun" trap and dies week later of "a mortification"

Pacific coast

 * "This place[...]is become important from the circumstances which are likely to arise from the trade" - Profile of Nootka Sound and its people

 * Spanish forces that captured British traders at Nootka Sound have killed Callicum ("second person in rank at Nootka") and favour U.S. traders

 * Spain willing to make restitution for ships taken in Nootka Sound, but insists on exclusive right to fur trade there and "southern whale fishery"

Labrador

 * Proposal to print by subscription poem "Labrador, being a descriptive daily instructor how to [operate] in the various businesses on that coast"

 * Using words "sin," "evil" and "wild," Moravian Church missionaries at Hopedale report most "of our Esquimaux" reject church's teachings

Elsewhere

 * Hundred convicts transported to Newfoundland and secretly dumped there make it to St. John's in bad shape and fighting over poor food supply

 * Report of mutiny on HMS Bounty, with Captain Bligh, Fletcher Christian and whole cast of characters

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1790 in Canada


text:
Talk:Time Cube/Archive 5

''This page contains material that an anonymous user at IP 211.28.76.110 copied from my talk page to Talk:Time Cube, but which then made that page 38 kilobytes long (like this page still is). After some reflection I have moved it here. If anyone wishes to continue discussion on any (relevant) point raised, I suggest that be done on the main talk page, quoting this page in need. See the history of my talk page for exactly who said what when, but it appears to be a dialogue between me and an anonymous supporter of the theory, using various IP addresses in the 211.28.x.x range. This user didn't sign or date anything, but the indents plus my signatures make most of it clear. Andrewa 05:47, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)''

=Copied from User Talk:Andrewa=

Copied from VfD debate on Time cube:

 * Keep. Significant crackpot theory based on the false premise that the cube is closely related to the number four. Andrewa 05:46, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Andrewa, you have not taken into account that the Time Cube ROTATES. Are you aware that all gravitational bodies (galaxies, stars, planets) originate from rotational vortices, and that their rotation causes dilation along their rotational axes? Imagine a Cube-like room rotating -- between the opposite parameters of Ceiling and Floor (like North and South poles), the 4 walls and 4 corners rotate; and in 1 rotation, each corner rotates through the other 3 corners before returning to its initial position. 4 Time Corners for each of the 4 Space Corners sum to 16 SpaceTime configurations, in only 1 rotation; this 4/16 Rotation Principle constitutes absolute, unrefutable proof of 4 simultaneous days in a single rotation of Earth.
 * I'd like to continue this conversation, but here isn't the place for it. Perhaps on my user talk page? Andrewa 03:34, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll discuss it here if you like, or alternatively you can use the Time Cube forum that I linked to on Talk:Time Cube.

OK. I'm not interested in joining an external discussion group. So let's try here.

1. What you describe as a rotating cube doesn't rotate as a cube at all. It rotates around only one axis of symmetry. If this is the only rotation considered, then this ignores one of the essential symmetries of the cube, and is where the (invalid) connection between four and the cube seems to come from.

 * If you stopped the Earth rotating, the rotational dilation would cancel out and it would become a perfect sphere. A sphere is like a fully rotated Cube. A Cube is the perfect form in the Cartesian 3-dimensions, but of course since you can rotate these 3 dimensions to infinite possible alignments, the actual perfect form is a Sphere. And of course if you have a stationary sphere, you can set it rotating about any axis you want. But all gravitational bodies are formed through rotation, and generally continue to rotate after their rate of accumulation has evened off, thus the Rotating Cube.

 * Hmmm. You don't seem to have answered the objection.

 * Yes I did. It's a perfect Cube when it's not rotating. Therefore when it is rotating, we must think of it as a rotating cube. And the rotation is a fundamental Cubic property, since as I said, all gravitational bodies are formed through rotation.

 * This seems to me to be a jumble of disconnected concepts.

 * I must question your motives for writing this. Since you have not asked for clarification on any specific concepts I've mentioned, I can only conclude that you are trying to discredit Time Cube by dismissing what I've said as nonsense. Obviously you have no actual substantiated anti-Cubic arguments, otherwise you would have stated these arguments.

 * My motives are quite above board, and I've stated them.

 * How about you clarify your specific motive for writing "This seems to me to be a jumble of disconnected concepts." Then other people can make informed judgements as to whether your motives are really "above board".

 * The specific motive is that this is my reaction to what you have written. That's all I said. What's the problem?

 * If this is really your motive, then there's no problem. But from my perspective, there are 2 possibilities -- you might have the motive you have stated, or you might actually be trying to give other people a bad impression of Time Cube. That is the problem -- I can't know for sure whether or not you're being honest.

 * If you are trying to impress other readers of this page I wouldn't bother. There may not be any.

 * Again, I don't know whether or not you're being honest here. It's entirely possible that you WOULD bother, and that you wrote "This seems to me to be a jumble of disconnected concepts" in an attempt to "impress other readers of this page".

 * IMO you have still not answered the arguments I have already put. They are not so much "anti-Cubic" as questioning your own reasoning. See below.

 * In the context of Time Cube debate, how can any argument really be anything other than Pro-Cubic, Anti-Cubic, or irrelevant? I have added a new explanation of the answer to question 1 further down the page.

 * It can be an honest attempt to evaluate your claims, and that's exactly what it is. And dare I say, it seems to be unwelcome, doesn't it?

 * Two steps in evaluating claims. First you clarify the claims, then you reach a conclusion -- in this case, either Pro-Cubic or Anti-Cubic (or maybe somewhere in between, if some of it is right and the rest is wrong). But if you were trying to clarify the claims, then you would have used QUESTIONS, not ARGUMENTS. And you said above that you have been using ARGUMENTS -- "you have still not answered the arguments I have already put" -- so again, they must be either Pro-Cubic, Anti-Cubic, or irrelevant.

 * So, can you explain how an ARGUMENT can serve the function of a QUESTION? If my assumptions in regard to the evaluation of claims are wrong, then can you correct them and justify your correction? If not, then again, can you explain how the ARGUMENTS (not questions) to which you were referring, can, in this context, be anything other than Pro-Cubic, Anti-Cubic, or Irrelevant?

 * And what you have said just raises more questions. Yes, the cube has a special relationship to linear, orthogonal cartesian coordinates in 3-space, and so has the sphere. So, is your theory specific to this coordinate system? If so, do you reject multi-dimensional theories, such as superstrings, and coordinateless systems, such as general relativity?

 * Cubic Time has 3-dimensions, just like Cubic space. The linear time dimension is linked to the linear space dimension (linear rotational axis); this explains the space-time relativity of linear time dilation at different rectolinear velocities. This leaves two remaining dimensions of Time, and two of Space; and of course, these are the dimensions in which the 4 Space and 4 Time Corners exist. If you would like further clarification on the 4/16 Rotation Principle, a graphical explanation can be found on the Time Cube forum that I mentioned earlier.

 * See above.

2. I assume when you say 'sum' you mean 'product'? The sum of four and four is eight. Their product is sixteen.

 * Correct, I was thinking in terms of counting the 16 spacetime configurations.

 * Hmmm. Then it seems that you were misusing mathematical terminology. I'd be careful of this. It makes it seem as if you don't know what the terms you are using mean.

 * In fact, while I'm assuming you are on the level (really I am), the tone of your posts does sometimes remind me a bit of Henry Root, or even Candid Camera.

 * I suggest that you write in plain English, avoiding technical jargon unless you know what it means and are using it accurately. Otherwise, mistakes like this will seriously affect your credibility, and the theory won't get a fair hearing regardless of its merits.

 * You misunderstand me. There is a difference between "4 Time Corners for each of the 4 Space Corners sum to 16 SpaceTime configurations", and "4 Time Corners by 4 Space corners multiply to 16 SpaceTime configurations". But I suspect that you were not interested in why I used "sum" instead of "product", and that you simply took the opportunity to discredit me with the "ad hominem" attack above.

 * Then I suggest you read our article on ad hominem. This is not such an attack, and I'm sorry you see it as any sort of attack. I am examining your arguments on their merits. I am drawing some unfavourable conclusions, and I'm giving you every opportunity to discuss the weaknesses I find, and you are ignoring these opportunities. That's not ad hominem. If I were now to attack some other belief that you promote, and say or imply that it is baseless too simply because you hold it, then that would be ad hominem. Since you choose to remain anonymous, I would be very restricted in what I could attack in this way even if I wished to, which I don't.

 * Algorithmically speaking: FOR each of the 4 space corners {ADD 4 Time Corners to the total number of SpaceTime configurations}. This uses addition and iteration to achieve the same result as multiplication.

 * Fair enough. A pattern is emerging, see below.

 * The pattern is that when people make what may be a false or deceptive argument, or subversive rhetoric, I point that out in order to prevent brainwashing. I hope you don't have a problem with this.

 * I do the same. Hmmm, false and deceptive argument, subversive rhetoric, brainwashing? Care to elaborate?

 * Elaborate? I think everyone knows what those things are, and if they don't, they can use a dictionary. So how about if you're going to say something, you say it EXPLICITLY. After all, if you insist on only saying it implicitly, then might it not be false or deceptive argument, or subversive rhetoric?

 * Reread the original sentence and you will see that this meaning is quite obvious. So the question is, why did you not recognise this in the first place? Are you too dumb to understand it? Or were you blinded by your urge to seize upon something that you could use to discredit me by giving the impression that I am ignorant?

 * And your comments are indeed "ad hominem" (against the man), because they are directed against me rather than against Time Cube. I am not fooled by your fake objectivity in what you wrote at 12:45, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC). You effectively changed the subject from clarification of the Time Cube theory, to "ad hominem" attacks. So tell me, what was your motivation for this subject change?

 * Against the man is indeed the translation of the Latin, but it's not the English meaning, any more than any argument which affirms something is modus ponens. If you really think that I am trying to fool you, then I'm sorry but you are just fooling yourself. I'm also sorry if that's blunt.

 * Firstly, the definition in the ad hominem article is "replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion". What you wrote gave me the impression that you were trying to discredit me by making me look dumb (claiming that I lack basic mathematical knowledge, and that I don't know the meaning of what I'm saying), thus attempting to discredit my arguments. That is indeed "ad hominem".

 * My turn to suggest a rereading. I was trying to be helpful by pointing out that, by your careless use of technical terms, you are making yourself look foolish IMO.

 * I would say that your O(pinion) is somewhat misinformed. Have I not shown that my use of the phrase "ad hominem" was justified? You haven't refuted this justification, so here it is again:

 * ...the definition in the ad hominem article is "replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion". What you wrote gave me the impression that you were trying to discredit me by making me look dumb (claiming that I lack basic mathematical knowledge, and that I don't know the meaning of what I'm saying), thus attempting to discredit my arguments. That is indeed "ad hominem".

 * Secondly, you didn't really respond to what I said; you merely disputed my use of the phrase "ad hominem". So here it is again, with "ad hominem" removed:

 * ...your comments are indeed "against the man", because they are directed against me rather than against Time Cube. I am not fooled by your fake objectivity in what you wrote at 12:45, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC). You effectively changed the subject from clarification of the Time Cube theory, to comments directed against me and unrelated to Time Cube. So tell me, what was your motivation for this subject change?

 * There was no subject change.

 * Right, so please explain how the following quotation applies to Time Cube:

 * "Hmmm. Then it seems that you were misusing mathematical terminology. I'd be careful of this. It makes it seem as if you don't know what the terms you are using mean.

 * "In fact, while I'm assuming you are on the level (really I am), the tone of your posts does sometimes remind me a bit of Henry Root, or even Candid Camera.

 * "I suggest that you write in plain English, avoiding technical jargon unless you know what it means and are using it accurately. Otherwise, mistakes like this will seriously affect your credibility, and the theory won't get a fair hearing regardless of its merits."

 * Or explain how the following quotation DOESN'T apply to Time Cube:

 * "I assume when you say 'sum' you mean 'product'? The sum of four and four is eight. Their product is sixteen."

 * (And just in case you don't see what this has to do with anything -- If one of those quotations has nothing to do with Time Cube, whereas the other does pertain to Time Cube, then you must have changed the subject, correct?)

 * (Also, how do you think a magistrate or judge would react if a defendant said, "If you really think that I am trying to fool you, then I'm sorry but you are just fooling yourself"?)

 * I wouldn't say that to a judge. But I did say it to you, and it's true.

 * Well Andrewa, of course judges have strict standards in regard to believing claims. And in fact, I would say that only a gullible dummy would NOT uphold such standards. So do you consider me, and anyone else who reads this page, to be a gullible dummy?

3. You talk of 'absolute, irrefutable proof'. This sort of proof is not the realm of science at all, but of religion. Science holds all things open to doubt, indefinitely. I'm happy to talk in either frame of reference, both are valid, but it's important not to confuse them. Andrewa 12:53, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Well it certainly hasn't yet been refuted, and bear in mind that Gene Ray offers $10,000 to any academic institution or professor to disprove the Time Cube (and $1,000 to anyone else). Many people think they have disproved the Time Cube with an "infinite days" theory, however by their logic I could claim that space has infinite dimensions since the perpendicular 3-dimensions can be rotated to infinite alignments, as I said above. So that's really just a misunderstanding.

 * Interesting, but it doesn't answer the objection. You stated not that it hadn't been disproved, but that it was 'absolute, irrefutable proof', that is, that it couldn't be disproved. Was this just careless talk?

 * This isn't politics. I'm genuinely interested in giving your beliefs a hearing. Andrewa 12:45, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * From the point of view of Gene Ray and myself, it is absolute and irrefutable because we are not aware of anything that cannot be explained by Time Cube, nor are we aware of any valid refutation. So it is justified for us to make this assumption unless someone legitimately refutes Time Cube; but as I said, nobody has yet been able to do this.

 * I'll leave it to Gene Ray to explain his beliefs if he wishes. I'm still willing to hear yours.

 * You are entitled to believe whatever you choose. I have invited you here to provide any logical justification you care to advance for this particular belief.

 * IMO the best you have provided so far is the offer of $10,000 for a refutation of the theory. How is this money to be claimed? Who decides whether it has been earned? Andrewa 19:58, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Gene Ray is offering the reward, I am not affiliated with him. I am only answering specific questions, and I have answered all of your questions on this page. I looked at your website and it appears that you have religious beliefs, so maybe you would like to know how Time Cube disproves God.

 * I certainly do have religious convictions, in fact I mentioned previously that your beliefs on the Time Cube seem to be dogmatic rather than rational. Yes, let's discuss this. See below.

 * IMO you have not answered my questions at all. Food for thought, certainly. Andrewa 16:22, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Well I have answered question 2, as that was just a misunderstanding which I have clarified.

 * You eventually agreed that you didn't mean "sum" at all in the technical sense, yes.

 * Wrong. I initially replied "correct" to question 2 because I thought you were confused about whether the overall principle I was describing was that of addition or multiplication. But when you then asserted that the phrase was technically incorrect, I first hinted at why it was actually technically correct, expecting you to work it out yourself (unfortunately that didn't happen); then I explained exactly why it was technically correct. Here is that explanation again: "Algorithmically speaking: FOR each of the 4 space corners {ADD 4 Time Corners to the total number of SpaceTime configurations}". This is a technically correct algorithm, right? So how does my initial sentence, "4 Time Corners for each of the 4 Space Corners sum to 16 SpaceTime configurations", fail to represent that algorithm? Furthermore, how does YOUR corrected version, "4 Time Corners for each of the 4 Space Corners MULTIPLY(Product) to 16 SpaceTime configurations", represent this algorithm better than the original phrase?

 * As for this question 3, again, it is perfectly rational to assume that a theory supported by evidence is true, unless you know of evidence that disproves the theory.

 * Hmmmm... But there seems no evidence for this particular 'theory'. In particular, science favours validated predictive theories. Has this theory made any testable predictions?

 * Yes, including but not limited to: The universe is perpetual, involving cycles of galaxies collapsing into black holes, which then evaporate into dust clouds from which new galaxies may be formed; and macro/micro phenomena in the Universe form harmonics, EG. Male and female represent the electron and proton respectively, in that sexual reproduction evolved as a consequence of the same laws that govern the formation of atoms. (I don't know if today's science has the actual means to verify these predictions, but nonetheless I think they are at least POTENTIALLY observable.)

 * If not, then Einstein was irrational, and by your standards religious, to believe the equation "e = mc^2"; instead it should be "(e = mc^2) || (e != mc^2)", to account for the possibility of there being evidence disproving it that Einstein wasn't aware of.

 * Nonsense. Relativity is a validated predictive theory.

 * Good, just clarifying that it is perfectly rational to assume that a theory supported by evidence is true, unless you know of evidence that disproves the theory. And predictivity is not necessary; what is necessary is that the theory explains the evidence to which it applies (in the case of a Theory of Everything, all evidence known to humanity) and that it is favoured by Occam's Razor.

 * Clearly this is meaningless; scientific thought requires the assumption that substantiated theories are true unless disproven.

 * So, what is the substantiation? With relativity it was the deflection of light in a gravitational field.

 * See the phenomena I mentioned above, and also the 4/16 Rotation Principle. Can you refute this proof of 4 simultaneous days in a single rotation of Earth?

 * Therefore Gene Ray is justified in assuming that Time Cube is absolute and irrefutable; he says this in order to contrast it with Academian beliefs, which are not absolute, in that they can't account for 4/16 rotation principle; and are not irrefutable, as they have been refuted by Time Cube.

 * At the risk of being accused of more bad motives, this is another jumble, this time of poor logic. I'm afraid I can't be bothered sorting it out for you. Andrewa 11:25, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Well then, here it is unjumbled:
 * Gene Ray assumes that Time Cube is absolute and irrefutable.
 * This assumption is justified, as Gene Ray knows of no evidence that contradicts Time Cube, nor of any evidence that cannot be explained by Time Cube.
 * Many Academic/Religious beliefs are NOT absolute and are NOT irrefutable. (They cannot explain phenomena/evidence that Time Cube can explain, meaning that they're not absolute; and Time Cube refutes/disproves these beliefs, meaning that they are refutable).
 * When Gene Ray makes statements similar to "Time Cube is absolute and irrefutable", he is contrasting Time Cube with Academian beliefs, since Academian beliefs are NOT "absolute and irrefutable".

A summary
IMO a pattern is emerging in the above. I am unable to understand the answers provided. There are several possibilities here, and they are not mutually exclusive.

- It may be that I am "dumb", as was suggested above, or more kindly that I don't understand the subtleties of the arguments put.
 * Rephrasing it yourself isn't making anyone feel treated more kindly, so maybe you're trying to make yourself look smart, as opposed to dumb?

 * Disagree with the first clause, rephrasing can make a world of difference.

 * The first clause is "Rephrasing it yourself isn't making anyone feel treated more kindly". You disagree with this, so tell me, who is feeling treated more kindly due to your rephrasing of the word "dumb"?

- It may be that I am dishonestly trying to discredit the theory, as has also been suggested above. I know I'm not, but it's not obvious how to reply.
 * It's quite obvious to me -- simply clarify your motives, and either refute my arguments or acknowledge that they are the Truth.

 * I think I've been as clear as I can be about my motives. As to your arguments, you have yet to present any coherent ones IMO.

- It may be that the theory is being promoted here as a hoax. I suggested this as gently as I could above and got no reponse. Please note that this wouldn't necessarily mean that Gene Ray was insincere, just that his theory was being promoted by others who are.
 * This is not a hoax, although Academia/religion would like you to think so as it would immunise you against gaining awareness that Time Cube is truth and that they are liars. They would also like you to believe what you've written below.

 * So you say. But the evidence is accumulating.

 * Also accumulating are my refutations of your supposed evidence.

- It also occurs to me that there may be substance use or abuse involved. I've never smoked anything myself, but I have played in bands with guys who couldn't face an audience without a small puff beforehand. Some of the comments above remind me very much of the way they talk when they are stoned. Sadly, some of these guys now have permanent damage, and always talk like this (and it affects their playing too).

 * I didn't think you would sink this low. This is an "ad hominem" attack that contradicts your statement that "I would be very restricted in what I could attack in this way" -- I would say that the human imagination is rather unrestricted.

 * It's an honest observation. Have you any experience of such situations? I once had my lead guitarist play the same three notes for 90 minutes. He thought he was Jimi reincarnated I think. Fortunately the party was such that it went down guite well. We got paid.

 * Was this a Christian band? Let's just clarify that you are merely speculating here. Your supposed observation that my writing style mimics the speech patterns of drug addicts doesn't really constitute actual evidence.

 * While I was not intending to reply to any of your latest round of detailed observations, see below, I think I should reply to this one question. I was the only Christian in this particular band. It was a secular four-piece, two of us "heads" and two of us "straights". The guitarist was excellent and has since given up the weed, but this night the lead singer was running late, and by the time he arrived the guitarist had nervously smoked their whole stash. Our first song was the Joe Walsh classic Turn to Stone, and the set we had planned then segued to the Cream classic White Room, but instead our guitarist started the intro to another Cream song, Crossroads. We started this intro with a fast three note turn on the guitar, which he ad-libbed as to the length. On this occasion he played it non-stop for 90 minutes, and as noise regs didn't allow another song (it was getting late) we then played the coda of Crossroads and that was it. Ah, memories! Andrewa 19:51, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

- Most interesting IMO, there's a consistent pattern of using (I would say abusing) technical terms in non-technical ways, which I find confusing. This is most obvious I think with ad hominem, but sum is also so used. I wonder whether the same might be true of the term cube itself? This would explain a lot.

 * What the hell are you talking about?

 * An interesting turn of phrase. I must remember it.

 * FYI Andrewa, people use phrases such as "What the hell are you talking about?" when they want to draw attention to the fact that the person they're talking to is saying something nonsensical or ridiculous. I've already explained why this applies to your accusation that I was using the phrase "ad hominem" incorrectly -- you have not replied to the question "...isn't it a bit of a stretch to suggest that deficiencies in knowledge of phrases related to "logic and critical thinking" could be related to a failure to grasp geometrical concepts?" And I have explained again under question 3 that I was using the term "sum" correctly, contrary to your claims.

 * Do please explain exactly why you find "What the hell are you talking about?" interesting, and why you are keen to remember it.

 * You replied "Fair enough" to my explanation of why I used "sum", which I took to mean that you acknowledged that I was using it correctly.

 * No. It meant I now understand why you are using it incorrectly.

 * But I'm using it correctly -- see my explanation under Question 3. Here's the technically correct phrase again: "4 Time Corners for each of the 4 Space Corners sum to 16 SpaceTime configurations".

 * And even if I was using the phrase ad hominem incorrectly (which I wasn't, as I've explained), isn't it a bit of a stretch to suggest that deficiencies in knowledge of phrases related to "logic and critical thinking" could be related to a failure to grasp geometrical concepts? Please rest assured that I know a Cube is a box-like shape with 8 tricorners (3 90-degree angles each) and equal length, width and height.

 * Hmmm. Is that your definition of cube? It seems to confirm the pattern if so. Andrewa 11:25, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you saying that this is an erroneous definition? If so, please correct it:

 * A cube is a box-like shape.
 * A cube has 8 tricorners. (By Tricorners I mean Vertices; Tricorners is a term coined by Gene Ray, referring to their relation to the number 3 -- a vertex on a Cube joins 3 edges and 3 sides.)
 * Each tricorner/vertex has 3 90-degree angles. A square has 4 90 degree angles, one in each vertex; a vertex of a Cube joins together 3 vertices from 3 of the Cube's square faces, therefore each of a Cube's vertices has 3 90-degree angles.
 * A cube has equal length, width and height.

Food for thought? Several or even all of these explanations could be true, and the list is not exhaustive by any means. Andrewa 16:22, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

A second summary
I'm not sure it's worth going a lot further. Mutual respect seems to be declining rapidly. Without this, there's not much point continuing IMO. Andrewa 11:25, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * No excuses please, Andrewa!

 * You can see it as an excuse if you like. As I said before, what you choose to believe is your responsibility and choice and nobody else's. And the same goes for me.

 * This is true, however, if Humanity chooses to believe Cubeless lies, the result will most certainly be an Armageddon -- caused by the depletion of natural resources, nuclear and other toxic pollution, and deadly nuclear bombs. Beliefs govern actions, and Time Cube (NOT God or Jesus) governs the existence of Life on Earth, meaning that it will arbitrate the fate of Humanity. Therefore, if an armageddon does occur in the near future, Time Cube will have judged us Evil.

 * Thanks for the time and effort you have put into this exchange. I think it has been worthwhile.

 * You have now several times accused me of dishonesty of various sorts, above and below. I'm fairly sure this is not true, but you are entitled to hold this opinion and I'm glad you felt free to express it. For my part, I am reasonably satisfied that you are either deluded or playing a game or both, and that I have no way of telling which. But I freely admit that this is because I quite frankly can't make any sense of much of what you say. Obviously, there are other possible explanations for this.

 * Under these conditions, I think there is little point continuing right now. If you would ever like to resume, under an assumption of mutual trust, then I could be interested. We should probably have a cooling-off period first.

 * I was under the impression that this was to be a RATIONAL debate, which would preclude such IRRATIONAL assumptions as that of "mutual trust". Remember what you said regarding assumptions and rationality? How can I rationally reach the conclusion that nothing you say is deceptive? The answer is that I can't, as there is no Truth in Word -- to prevent brainwashing, therefore, it is imperative that concepts expressed through Word are measured according to actual truths that one perceives.

 * I haven't responded to any legitimate arguments of yours by simply claiming them to be deceptive. In the case of you calling my arguments nonsense (or "a jumble"), how can I know whether you're requesting clarification, or are trying to brainwash people such that they will not take my arguments seriously? I would think that a request for clarification would generally take the form of "Can you clarify this?" rather than "This is nonsense".

 * Since you do not intend to continue, I have archived this debate at Talk:Time Cube.

 * Meantime, I wish you well in the search for truth and meaning in which we are all involved, whether we choose to be or not. Andrewa 12:26, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Question 1

 * OK Andrewa, here is a better organised version of the answer. It is up to you to identify the points you don't agree with, so that I can explain them further.

 * CASE 1: A sphere is as a fully rotated Cube.
 * CASE 2: If the Earth wasn't rotating, it would be (approximately) a perfect Sphere. We may say however, that as a 3-dimensional object, it exists within the boundaries of a Cube. See Case 1; I will now refer to it as a Cube. Note that the orientation of the non-rotating cube is undefined.
 * CASE 3: When the Earth rotates, dilation occurs along its rotational axis, such that the radius is less at the poles than at the equator. We may say that the Top and the Bottom of the Cube have now been defined as the North and South Poles, and that the Cube has been dilated.
 * CASE 4: Rotation is actually a fundamental property of all gravitational bodies, as they all originate from rotational vortices; but the fact is that if they stopped rotating, they would form undilated Cubes. Thus we must refer to them as Cubes rather than rectangular prisms, in order to acknowledge Cubes as the perfect form.

 * Firstly, could you just clarify what you mean by "case"? It seems a rather strange use of the term. Andrewa 09:38, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh whoops, a typo. I meant to say SUITCASE! Hahahahahaha. No actually, here are the relevant definitions from dictionary.com: "A set of circumstances or a state of affairs; a situation"; "Actual fact; reality". Hopefully this will satisfy your word-pedantry, such that you can now respond to what I've written above.

Time Cube and God
As stated above, I believe in a fairly conventional Christian God (and some of these beliefs are explored on my personal website). It was also stated above that the Time Cube "disproves" this. Shall we see how? Andrewa 16:22, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Belief in God is irrational because there's no evidence supporting the theory.

 * I see. I agree that belief in God is not scientific. But do you imagine that you have no dogmatic beliefs? That is, none that can't be proven scientifically?

 * Most certainly I have no beliefs that are not supported by empirical evidence.

 * If there is, then please state it.

 * Big subject. Where to start.

 * God is as real to me as anything else in the universe. But, as a mathematician, I'm used to having several equally valid models approximating the same experimental evidence. You can't see God if you choose not to. That's one of the meanings of faith.

 * You must take into account that Occam's Razor may resolve this multiplicity. When are you going to state the evidence supporting your belief in the JudeoChristian God?

 * Robert A. Heinlein stated in Time Enough for Love that it's the role of science to explain the Universe, and the role of religion to put man into the picture. I think that puts it pretty well.

 * I have a better idea than Robert Heinlein. People should stop believing fairytales and use science to explain EVERYTHING, including the existence of Homosapiens. Do you know what a Word Virus is?

 * But it is rational to assume that religion is just a fictitious cultural construct -- since most religions contradict each other, only one could be true, meaning that the others are DEFINITELY false. So the rational conclusion is that they're all fictitious.

 * No. Rational conclusions are based on evidence. You have presented none, rather you have stated that "it is rational to assume", which is a nonsense. It is rational to reason. Assumptions are, by definition, not rationally attained.

 * Actually I would say that an assumption is justified iff it is a conclusion reached through rational reasoning. We as humans are not omniscient, therefore we are forced to make assumptions when attempting to gain an objective perspective about the universe. So tell me what's irrational about the following reasoning:

 * Since most religions contradict each other, only 1 could possibly be true. This means that the others are definitely false. This constitutes evidence that any given religion may be false, whereas (as far as I know) there is no evidence that any religion may be true. Therefore it is rational to assume that all religion is false.

 * God is actually a fictitious 1-corner entity. Individual humans are 1-corner beings that perceive linear time, whereas Cubic Time is 4-corners. You were created and will cease to exist at a certain point in time, so you may project that individual 1-corner perspective onto the Universe -- assuming that it must also have been created.

 * Again, I can't make head nor tail of this. If that's what you mean by the Time Cube disproving God, then I'd rather think that it's a case of God disproving the Time Cube, which is of course the contrapositive.

 * Individual humans (1-corner) exist as a subset of Time Cube (4-Corners). Again, you were created and will cease to exist at a certain point in time. This is how you as an individual exist. Sometimes, therefore, individuals assume that the same is true for the universe -- it has been created and will cease to exist. But it's erroneous to assume that everything has to be created, as I've shown.

 * But if everything has to be created, how was the creator created? If god created everything, who created God?

 * IMO this is a legitimate and competent dismissal of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. But my ten-year-old scripture class can manage such arguments, so it's not really a problem to me. I don't rely on this argument.

 * It's good to hear that your beliefs don't rely on a paradox, but I'm still waiting for the evidence that they do rely on. It's also good to hear that 10-year-old children are questioning the lies you're trying to brainwash them into believing. It's quite likely that unbiased children would be able to "Compare plan 'A' god with a plan 'B' Time Cube creation and discover plan 'A' is a lie." -- Dr Gene Ray, the Greatest Thinker and Wisest Human to ever live on Earth.

 * It's a paradox, and we can only conclude that the Universe simply exists, and is perpetual

 * No. This is not a valid inference.

 * Actually it is. We must take "Universe" to mean "all that exists", including God; so even if everything we can see was created by God, it could be that God simply exists as a perpetual being; and if God was created by SuperGod, then SuperGod would simply exist as a perpetual being; and so on, until you necessarily reach the highest level of existence.

 * -- as a 4-corner cycle of galaxy formed from dust cloud, galaxy exists, galaxy sucked into black hole, black hole evaporates to dust cloud. No big bang.

 * Again, this is IMO incoherent. Andrewa 10:04, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Here is the 4-corner cycle again:
 * 1. A galaxy is formed from a dust cloud.
 * 2. The galaxy exists.
 * 3. The galaxy collapses into a black hole.
 * 4. The black hole evaporates, forming a dust cloud.

 * So you can see that this process could repeat over and over, forming a perpetual cycle. This means that the existence of galaxies doesn't prove the Big Bang.

title: Talk:Time Cube/Archive 5


text:
Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park

Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park is a man-made recreational area in San Dimas, California, United States, in Los Angeles County. It is near the Orange Freeway (State Route 57), the Foothill Freeway (Interstate 210) and the San Bernardino Freeway (Interstate 10). It is named after former LA County Supervisor Frank G. Bonelli.

The park contains a 250 acre lake called Puddingstone Reservoir, which provides a place for fishing, swimming, sailing, wind surfing, boating, and jet skiing, along with a waterfall.

Other recreation in the park includes kayak rentals (by Wheel Fun), RV campgrounds adjacent to the park (separate facility), six playgrounds, barbecues, hiking, biking, family picnic areas, and private picnic areas for company picnics, company parties, church picnics and other group events or gatherings. The private areas are run exclusively by James Events, which has a contract with Los Angeles County Parks and Recreation. However, families and small groups may contact the park directly to reserve other areas of the park.

The park is adjacent to one of the area's largest water parks, Raging Waters.

The park will host mountain biking at the 2028 Summer Olympics.

title: Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park


text:
1791 in Canada

Events from the year 1791 in Canada.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: George III

Federal government

 * Parliament of Lower Canada — 1st
 * Parliament of Upper Canada — 1st

Governors

 * Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
 * Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
 * Governor of Nova Scotia: John Parr
 * Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
 * Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

Events
An Anglo-French colonial aristocracy of rich merchants, leading officials, and landholders is expected to work with the royal governors to ensure proper order. Legislative assemblies, although elected by propertied voters, have little real power.
 * 1791–95 – British Captain George Vancouver explores Northwest Coast exhaustively with two ships, but finds no Northwest Passage.
 * Edmund Burke supports the proposed constitution for Canada, saying that: "To attempt to amalgamate two populations, composed of races of men diverse in language, laws and habitudes, is a complete absurdity. Let the proposed constitution be founded on man's nature, the only solid basis for an enduring government."
 * Charles James Fox declares that "Canada ought to remain attached to Great Britain through the good-will of the Canadians alone."
 * Lord Grenville, denying that Canadian attachment to French jurisprudence is due to prejudice, says it is founded "on the noblest sentiments of the human breast."
 * George Vancouver leaves England to explore the west coast; Alejandro Malaspina also explores the northwest coast for Spain.
 * In response to Loyalist demands, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Quebec into Lower Canada (mostly French) and Upper Canada (mostly English who recently migrated from America). In so doing, the Crown hopes to create a stable society that is distinctly non-American. Although French-Canadians retain the privileges granted by the Quebec Act, the Anglican church receives preferred status, including the clergy reserves.
 * Population of Lower Canada is 160,000. Population of Upper Canada is 14,000.

Births

 * January 5 – John Bethune, Anglican clergyman (d. 1872)
 * February 6 – Charles Richard Ogden, Joint Premier of the Province of Canada (d. 1866)
 * July 26 – Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto, lawyer, judge and political figure (d. 1863)
 * November 28 – John Cook, politician Ontarian (d. 1877)

Historical documents
Bill to create two provinces in Canada is meant to end "great competition" between French and English in "various questions of law"

Act creating Upper Canada and Lower Canada provides each with council of lifetime appointees and assembly elected by property owners

British commander at Fort Niagara explains "critical situation" of Six Nations and Delaware as U.S. forces move against "Western Indians"

Defeat of U.S. offensive prompts hope that new boundary along Ohio and Genesee rivers will replace "present lines[...]of constant Contention"

List: "Warriors" in each Indigenous nation include 1,500 "Assiniboiis," 3,000 "Christianeaux," 2,000 "Messesagues," and 1,500 "Round-headed Indians"

Conservative French revolutionary calls on English to abandon "frivolous pretext" of Nootka Crisis for going to war with Spain

Despite expectations, Nova Scotia and Canada are unable to supply many products to British West Indies, which instead import them from U.S.A.

Scottish author of tour book including New Brunswick and Lower and Upper Canada says British laws drive his countrymen to "asylum" overseas

Map: "Sketch of the Western Countries of Canada; 1791" from Mississippi to Tadoussac and James Bay to Lake Erie, with Indigenous nations' names

Lower Canada
New constitution brings hope that people will not split into parties and will reject "ridiculous distinction of old and new subjects"

Observance of holidays, labelled "idleness" costing nation and families of those not allowed to work, is declared voluntary by Bishop of Quebec

As "part of the Provisions sent out from England[...]for the Relief of this Province," sale of flour is restricted to families and local bakers only

Visitor to Lower Canada declares "Canadians are perhaps the worst farmers in the world," with worst cattle but best horses

Farmers should grow potatoes because of their long season, success in all soil types, food value to humans and cattle, etc., etc.

Elizabeth Monney, 15, guilty of stealing 16 shillings, is liable to death penalty but, on jury's recommendation of mercy, is sentenced to 15 lashes

"Young Negro Lad" for sale, about 18 or 19, "strong and very healthy, has had the small pox and measles," and speaks English, French and German

Novena held in Quebec City includes Monseigneur's "eloquent and strong sermon upon fasting[, and] nothing so pleases the people as to hear him"

Besides school with classes in English, French, geography etc., James Tanswell is to publish English grammar and exercise book for francophones

"Montreal Society united for free Debate [is founded for] the investigation and discussion of the most useful moral and political Truths"

Reader wants all lawyers to take oath to seek justice, act only on facts "founded in law and truth," and never "mislead the minds of a jury"

"Far from having an immoral tendency," young men's theatre activities prepare them "for the world, by the ease, confidence and grace they inspire"

Unusually strong earthquake followed by 10 days of aftershocks hits Baie-Saint-Paul area

Upper Canada
Brief description of Upper Canada with its "industrious, hardy race [of] excellent farmers" and its "fish, particularly trout, of an incredible size"

Golden Horseshoe soil: "no wonder then that such an amazing [benefit] should bring to maturity every vegetable common to temperate climates"

Rich soil, warmer climate, coal and lead - "The English may certainly render West Canada through time a most delightful country"

Government to get "Civil Officers [who make their offices] respectable and useful" and governor "esteemed for[...]good sense [and] professional merit"

Joseph Brant and other chiefs agree that Haldimand Tract will be centred on straight line from "Mohawk Village" to Grand River bend near Lake Erie

Visitor to Kingston meets Captain Thomas, "the principal man" in Kahnawake, and learns about his fur trade business (including smuggling)

Nova Scotia
Revenue now inadequate to pay government expenses and interest on debt will increase with income, profession and head taxes of 1–10 shillings

Acadian communal cooperation helps revive their society after Deportation

"Petitioner Peters" welcomes Secretary of State's announcement of plan to give Blacks land in "free settlement" in Sierra Leone, Africa

John Clarkson recruits Blacks to emigrate to Sierra Leone on basis of taking only those of good character, despite pressure to take all, or none

Clarkson notes Preston Blacks' "strong sense, quick apprehension, clear reasoning, gratitude, [and] affection for their wives & Children"

Recruiting notice to "All able bodied Free Negro Men who are willing to serve His Majesty in the Black Carolina Corps now in the West-Indies"

Readers of guide to farming warned not to dismiss printed agricultural advice as "mere Theory and Speculation, without practice"

John Clarkson describes people of poor settlement at Port L'Hebert, Nova Scotia

Description of 18–20-foot "Indian canoe" records nature and shape of various parts and interaction with Indigenous people who came in it

Detailed record of Lunenburg murder case, with charge to grand jury, arraignment of accused, and their trial and sentencing

Margaret Murphy executed for murdering Maria Ball; "black fellow" gets 6-month sentence plus pillory for "assault with intent to commit a rape"

Shelburne grand jury indicts Jesse Gray for kidnapping free Black woman Mary Postell and her daughters from East Florida and enslaving them

Bishop of Nova Scotia to deliver charity sermon for benefit of Sunday school children suffering lack of shoes, stockings and other clothing

Stud horse "Admiral," with his lengthy pedigree, advertised as available in Cornwallis

New Brunswick
Description of Fundy coast reflects notion of "terra nullius" by calling it "in the rude state of nature, and without an inhabitant"

Many Indigenous people canoe Saint John River, taking their children to schools with teachers hired by government, which clothes and feeds children

Lt. Gov. Thomas Carleton told to look into Thomas Peters' complaint about land owed to Blacks, but also interest in Sierra Leone and Black corps

Nine Black men request Kingsclear land allotments to end their being "of little use to their family's and less to the Community"

On recommendation of Lt. Gov. Carleton, "New England Company for propagating the Gospel among the native Indians" recruits Edward Winslow

Hudson Bay
Canoe trip from Osnaburgh House to Rainy River to Albany complicated by unusually cold weather and potential violence with Indigenous people

Joseph Colen of York Factory describes "wandering" of "Homeguard" Indigenous people and "Bungees" to detriment of Hudson's Bay Company trade

Colen suspects sailors are stealing HBC's trade goods and ship stores, including half of mainsail "to make themselves trousers"

Elsewhere
Britain and Spain sign convention allowing trade in each other's recent and future Pacific settlements north of Spanish America

As stock prices skyrocket in U.S.A., causing fears of bubble, discussing problem may dampen "a spirit which may be productive of a calamity"

After defeating U.S. forces, Indigenous nations in "Miamis Country" ask Indian Department's help or they will "go over to the Spanish Lines"

Red Jacket tells U.S. officials his people rely on British advice because it comes with wampum, and that British explain U.S. texts they cannot read

With news of murderous riots in Paris and Birmingham, Quebec Gazette will assess "degree of anxiety the public may testify" before printing more

St. John's Island's Lt. Gov. Fanning tells Council and House of Assembly "want of cash[...]seems to be a difficulty very generally felt and lamented" Alexander Mackenzie asks Roderick to seek trade possibilities with "Red Knives," "Slaves" and "Beaver Indians," including on "River Disappointment" - Calling practices of Labrador Inuit "heathenish," Moravian missionaries "wish to see in this poor people[...]a desire to be redeemed from sin"

title: 1791 in Canada


text:
1792 in Canada

Events from the year 1792 in Canada.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: George III

Federal government

 * Parliament of Lower Canada — 1st
 * Parliament of Upper Canada — 1st

Governors

 * Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
 * Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
 * Governor of Nova Scotia: John Parr
 * Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
 * Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning
 * Governor of Upper Canada: John Graves Simcoe

Events

 * Catherine II grants a monopoly of furs in Alaska to Grigorii Shelikov.
 * Captain George Vancouver begins his explorations of the British Columbia Coast.
 * Many Black Loyalists in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia migrate to Sierra Leone in West Africa, mainly because the promises of land in Canada were not kept by the British.
 * May 7 – Lower Canada is divided into 21 counties.
 * August – the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada is elected.
 * October 15 – The law of England is introduced in Upper Canada.
 * December 20 – A fortnightly mail is established between Canada and the United States.
 * December – A bill to abolish slavery in Lower Canada does not pass.

Births

 * February 9 – Thomas Cooke, missionary, and the first Bishop of Trois Rivières (d.1870)
 * August 29 – James William Johnston, lawyer, politician, and judge (d.1873)

Deaths

 * November – Samuel Hearne, explorer, fur-trader, author, and naturalist (b.1745)

Full date unknown

 * Marguerite-Thérèse Lemoine Despins (March 23, 1722 – June 6, 1792) was a mother superior of the Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal. (b.1722)
 * Thomas Peters, black Loyalist and founding father of Sierra Leone (b.1738)

Historical documents
Negotiation topics British envoy George Hammond discusses with Alexander Hamilton include frontier posts, U.S. debts to Loyalists and commercial links

Brief profile for Canadians of new governments in Upper and Lower Canada to show how they will protect liberty and prevent despotism

Immigrants' farming prospects not as good in U.S.A. as in Upper Canada and New Brunswick, which need farm labour and pay much more for it

"It is a war with the British king, under cover" - Pittsburgh writer sees British hand in Indigenous nations' war with U.S.A. (Note: "savages" used)

Report from Albany that Joseph Brant pleased with visit to Pres. George Washington and intends to promote peace between U.S.A. and "hostile tribes"

Lower Canada
Grand jurors told to guard "the common tranquillity" against threats of impatient reform to Constitution's balance of King, Lords and Commons

"What a fountain of hope is opened to the industrious Poor!" by creation of scores of townships away from St. Lawrence River to north and south

Controversy that pits "British Merchants" against "Canadians" in 1792 election is addressed by writer who opposes "illiberality and falsehood"

"Having experienced great inconvenience in Canada from the deficiency of Specie," businesses intend to set up deposit bank in Montreal

Because it is found only in U.S.A., wampum ("Beeds, Moons or shells") may be imported for "Indian Trade," but must be entered at customs house

"Au secours (help)" - Intending to walk with his wife on ice-filled St. Lawrence River, J.G. Simcoe slips into water and nearly passes under ice

Setting up lower courts in each county will enlighten Canadians, draw them together in new villages, and cause them to support good government

"Nothing could exceed the Horror excited in the[...]large audience" - Man indicted for raping daughter (convicted) and attempting to rape two others

Constitutional Club formed in Quebec City to "acquire and diffuse a knowledge" of Constitution and of "Commercial and Agricultural industry"

Editorial: education is essential to "the peace of a free people," and "an enlightened series of patriots" hands it down through "ages unimpaired"

Berthier teacher wishes to end "profound ignorance that reigns in the country parts" of L.C. by providing free tuition, but needs financial support

May example of Plato and other ancients "light up in these western wilds that sacred enthusiasm so necessary to extend the empire of science"

Advice on how to develop better memory comprises understanding, sensibility, study habits (order, moderation, repetition) etc.

Proposal for updating Charlevoix's history of Canada to end of French regime and adding second volume covering then to 1791 Constitution

Uneducated habitants don't benefit from agricultural society's instruction, so members in each county must teach by example

Advice to farmers not to "hack" but to bore maple trees for sap, replace trees cut down, and make sugar by boiling sap with egg whites

Stopping in Cap-Santé en route to Upper Canada, Simcoes impose on cottagers just going to bed, who clear 2 rooms and feed them bread and eggs

Concert of Haydn's Grand Symphony in D, Avison 5th Concerto, two Pleyel works, Devienne clarinet and bassoon concertante and Gyrowetz finale

At Franks' Tavern, Quebec City: "feats of tumbling," slack rope "attitudes," and dogs that "go through an astonishing variety of exercises"

Upper Canada
"Laws of Canada" regarding property and civil rights are replaced by "laws of England" with their rules of evidence (testimony, legal proof) Lt. Gov. Simcoe tells Council and Assembly that British constitution and spirit will guard and spark industry, wealth, commerce and power of U.C.

Simcoe satisfied with Assembly, "considering that it is composed of Persons of not very restricted notions and newly acquainted with power"

Candidate in Essex County for Assembly urges election organizing include "entertainment" of rum, beef and plum cake

Calling him "by far the principal french Settler" in Detroit area, Simcoe appoints James Baby to Council seat reserved for "Canadians"

Assembly member Richard Cartwright comments on provincial matters, including location of capital, export and settlement

Simcoe suggests policy toward Indigenous people should include encouraging them to actively trade in furs (Note: "savages" used)

In long letter to Simcoe, Montreal merchants go over reasons British frontier posts should not be given up plus other points for negotiation

Simcoe encourages movement of people from U.S.A. to Upper Canada and comments on which of them should be considered British subjects

In welcoming letter to Simcoe, 54 residents say "we are just emerging from the Indigence and Obscurity which constantly surround new Settlements"

Clearcutting described: cutting down and burning "small wood," letting wind knock down girdled large trees and leaving stumps for years to rot

Letter from Quebec says regiment is coming to Upper Canada, which New York newspaper says will have 1,600 men and should draw U.S. attention

Resident of Kingston, U.C. says that by request Lt. Gov. Simcoe has removed ban on trade to U.S.A.

Report by Richard Cartwright on state of marriage and of various Christian denominations in Upper Canada

Simcoe wants "immediate and due provision for the education of the superior classes," or they will attend U.S. schools and lose British values

Wabakanyne and 4 other Mississauga leaders sell tract lying between lakes Ontario and Erie and stretching to Thames River for £1180 7/4

Lengthy description of Joseph Brant's family's and neighbours' hospitality, ceremony, dancing and drinking

Mississaugas icefish on Cootes Paradise using spears, lures, and blankets to cover ice holes, and catch pickerel, muskellunge and pike

Toronto Harbour is very safe for ships of little draft, it being "Perfectly Shut up" from winds by hooked peninsula and entrance bar

Nova Scotia
New lieutenant governor John Wentworth tells Assembly agriculture, commerce, fisheries and government revenue "must reciprocally aid each other"

Farmer notes progress in farming, once done "without system [or] principles," but now practised "seriously [and] to the most advantage"

"Nov. Scotus Verus" happily notes province's great population increase, with about 3,400 births and immigrants v. 1,800 emigrants and deaths

"Last Sunday sailed the Sierra Leone fleet, consisting of 15 sail, with a fair wind"

Appeal to Henry Dundas to help N.S. offset its losses from departure of Blacks, land grants to absent Loyalists, and province's poverty

Gideon White learns fire near Shelburne has destroyed his hay and oat crops and almost all his fences, and threatened buildings

Annapolis Valley flood in September raises river level 16 feet, carrying off bridges, mill dams, sheep, grain and hay of already poor farmers

Residents of Annapolis County township, almost all 1784 Loyalists, seek funding and land for Anglican church and school

Rector, wardens and vestry of Trinity Church in Digby need funds for church spire and pews and grant of farm land for church revenue

Discouraged that his preaching is ineffective, Boston King prays for conversion of one person, and gets it

"Musical Concert Once a Fortnight; None but Ladies and Gentlemen can be admitted; Any Gentlemen Performer may be at Liberty to Play in Concert"

New Brunswick
Edward Winslow explains N.B. appointments and elections (courts, government, sheriffs) practice to Lt. Gov. John Graves Simcoe of Upper Canada

To save parish from supporting any child born out of wedlock, child's mother can have its father jailed until he gives support security or recognizance

Owner of dog that kills sheep must either kill dog or pay owner for their loss; owner of dog that repeatedly kills must do both, and pay fine

Road from Saint John to Westmorland County shows latter is "one of the most valuable parts" of N.B. and "might furnish[...]meat at the lowest prices"

Three Maliseet "savages" petition on behalf of entire nation for land on Saint John River in Madawaska district

"Encouragement to British Seamen[...]to man about 30 sail of vessels mostly square-rigged, which are now building in this Province"

Call for capture of indented servant Dick Hopewell (about 40) and enslaved mulatto woman Statia (about 30, pregnant and with two small children)

Sheffield minister will teach 6 students grammar, writing, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, arithmetic, sciences and "experimental Philosophy," and shorthand

Touring New Brunswick, Bishop of Nova Scotia consecrates churches at Maugerville, Gagetown, Kingston and Saint John and confirms 500+

Acadians new to Madawaska ("with the Indians") petition Bishop of Quebec for permission to build church to replace "poor bark hut"

Western interior
Disagreement between Charles Isham and his men doesn't surprise Philip Turnor "after seeing the Anarchy which Pervade the Interior parts"

Difficult convincing Hudson's Bay Company to send trade goods to Indigenous people of Lake Athabasca, Great Slave Lake and Peace River

Two men drown in waterfalls near Osnaburg House despite near-successful attempt of one to save himself

London society for arts, manufactures and commerce offers gold medal to discoverer of land passage from Upper Canada to Pacific coast

"The atmosphere became so warm that it dissolved all the snow" - Alexander Mackenzie describes December 29 chinook on Peace River

Pacific coast
Vancouver calls Strait of Georgia landscape "dismal," and "forlorn" and "gloomy" at place that grows only onions, samphire and "indifferent berries"

Vancouver's men inspect village on seaside rock so skillfully defended that it is hard to believe it was built by "untutored tribes" met so far

Seeing clothes and mats, and baskets so tightly woven that they carry water, causes Vancouver to call women "not less industrious than ingenious"

Elsewhere
As Shawnee and Lenape plan confrontation with U.S. forces, they ask Detroit commander to advise them and provide for their families

U.S. war secretary is told Joseph Brant has lost "much" influence with Indigenous people, who are divided over "what course to take" after U.S. defeat

"From Canada, some few of the Six Nations, the Chippeways, Ottaways, Hurons, Potoways, &c." will defy U.S., while Joseph Brant mediates

Death penalty in P.E.I. to be given for treason, murder, maiming, stabbing, killing "bastard" child, "buggery," rape, burglary, robbery et al.

Black 14-year-old Diana Bestian dies in childbirth of twins after being raped by Cape Breton Council member George More at Government House

British trapper and trader praises Labrador Inuit as sincere, gentle and just while calling Innu treacherous and quarrelsome, lying and stealing

Newfoundland Chief Justice says merchants' agents have "set themselves against every Attempt to introduce Order and Justice into that Island"

title: 1792 in Canada


text:
Talk:American Locomotive Company

suggestions
The UP844 might merit a mention in the steam section, since it's one of the most famous steam locomotives. It also has it's own page. ALCO is a significant player in the birth of the industrial age and I think the "low importance rating" for the wikiproject thing needs changed. This article is of great relevance to U.S. and World history. The ALCO legacy is probably rarely equaled.

Untitled
once the article for vanderbilt cup is created, please add this external link to it. thanks, Kingturtle 05:49, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Alco vs. ALCO vs. ALCo
Every reference that I've seen for the shortened company name uses either "Alco" or "ALCO". Please provide a reputable reference before changing the shortened name to "ALCo" again. slambo 12:02, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't personally recall seeing it as ALCo in official company documentation. ALCO more common earlier on, Alco more common later, I feel, but both seem officially valid.  I think ALCo is (more common as) a railfan affectation. Matthew Brown 14:15, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

I beleive either spelling is correct, ALCO, because its an Acrynym, ALCo, because it is the American Locomotive Company, Co meaning Company, Alco, because it has become a word in railfan jargon. Alexander101010 20:35, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

I support Alex's view. 'ALCo' is correctly shortened form for American Locomotive Company, both because the 'o' is the only letter not capitalized in the full name and because of the aforementioned 'Co' for 'company'. YamahaFreak 23:28, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

Instead of trying to guess the correct style, let's have a look at actual usage. Newspapers, such as the New York Times, use ALCO or Alco. Trains magazine, the leading generalist magazine on railroading, uses Alco. The company itself used both ALCO and Alco in its advertisements. The main historical group centered on the American Locomotive Company uses ALCO. Just about the only potentially authoritative source I could find using ALCo is Albert Churella, a noted railroad historian. Given all that, it's clear ALCo is a far less common usage, and not the one we should standardize on. Any thoughts on ALCO vs. Alco? PRRfan (talk) 23:01, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Russian Decapod
The Russian Decapods were made during WWI for the Tsar. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.21.193.180 (talk) 17:22, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Chrysler?
In reading about Chrysler elsewhere, it sounds like he worked on trains for Alco, not cars as implied in this article.

Vanderbilt Cup Races

Walter Chrysler

I see that there is one reference to this too that says that this is not contained in Chrysler's autobiography.

"According to one report, during many of the years the Alco automobile was made, the plant manager in Providence was Walter Chrysler, who later founded the Chrysler Corporation. If this story is true, Chrysler gained his first automotive manufacturing experience with Alco but Chrysler's autobiography makes no mention of it so there is substantial doubt."

I wonder whether that "report" was from this Wikipedia article.

Studebaker and the Railroads - Volume 2, By Jan Young ]

--100.4.149.120 (talk) 14:35, 10 December 2018 (UTC)

Why did it fail?
The article should, but doesn't, say why the company went out of business. Bad management? Obsolete products? Deliberate liquidation by a purchaser? Did too many things? deisenbe (talk) 01:16, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:American Locomotive Company


text:
1793 in Canada

Events from the year 1793 in Canada.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: George III

Federal government

 * Parliament of Lower Canada — 1st
 * Parliament of Upper Canada — 1st

Governors

 * Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
 * Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
 * Governor of Nova Scotia: John Wentworth
 * Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
 * Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning
 * Governor of Upper Canada: John Graves Simcoe

Events

 * May 9 – First Parliament, of Lower Canada prorogued.
 * July 9 – Act Against Slavery passed into law, making Upper Canada the first British territory to bring in legislation against slavery, although it does not abolish slavery entirely.
 * Alexander Mackenzie reaches Pacific Ocean at Bella Coola.
 * David Thompson surveys Muskrat Country west of Hudson Bay.
 * HBC Brandon House established on the Assiniboine River, outpost for trade south and southwest to Missouri and Yellowstone.
 * Mackenzie reaches the Pacific at Dean Channel.
 * Merchant vessels first navigate Lake Ontario.

Births

 * March 24 : François-Xavier Paré, politician.

Deaths

 * March 30 : François-Marie Picoté de Belestre, colonial soldier.

Historical documents
With Louis XVI's execution, British feel "such sentiments of indignation and revenge" that if war begins, it will be most popular ever

War will "preserve our most holy Religion [and] our Civil Constitution[...]from a total subversion by the enemies of Christianity, order, and subordination"

Army wife in England glad her husband not called to war front as she nears childbirth, and hopes for transfer to Canada after his promotion

Lower Canada
Proclamation warns of those who "hold Seditious Discourses, or utter Treasonable Words, spread false News" etc. sparked by present regime in France

French and English are used in House of Assembly, with bills written in one language to be translated into other, and in most, French deemed "authentic"

Lone candidate for Quebec County wins seat in House without use of "coc[k]ades or liquor" in campaign (something "to be wished for" in elections)

Advice to young members of House: "Above all things avoid bitterness of language, and terms of reproach; you meet not to revile, but to reason"

Lt. Gov. Alured Clarke's proclamation advising Lower Canadians of letters of marque and benefit of convoy offered in war with France

Considering him "as a Father," Canadians "repose the highest confidence in" Governor General Lord Dorchester, who has returned to Lower Canada

Any Quebec Benevolent Society member who is too sick, blind, lame or old to work is entitled to 15s per week for 12 weeks and half that afterward

Praise for Recollect Pére de Berey showing "beneficence and disinteressment" to Protestants, even allowing them to hold services in his church

Chief Justice links piety and prosperity, citing France which, "after scoffing at Christianity,[...]tumbled down a kingdom[...]splendid for its wealth"

"A Likely, Healthy, Stout Mulatto Young Man" for sale is "used to House-work[...]and is fit for any hard Labour"

Upper Canada
Suggestions regarding provincial affairs sent by U.C. official to Home Secretary Henry Dundas include domestic issues and relations with U.S.A.

"It is highly expedient to abolish Slavery in this Province" - Upper Canada outlaws moving enslaved people into province

With possible U.S. naval buildup on Lake Erie and their hostility toward Indigenous nations, Lt. Gov. Simcoe should stay aware of defence needs

Simcoe's long assessment of military assets and needs on lower Great Lakes includes suggestion that Toronto Harbour be developed first

In message to "Western Indians," Simcoe reviews history of British respect for Indigenous land rights and independence

Simcoe will maintain long-time practice of supplying food to Indigenous people "to rescue the Savage from[...]his own debauchery and[...]our Traders"

Simcoe acknowledges importance of Joseph Brant who, though critical, is "attached" to British second only to Indigenous independence

Bennington, Vermont resident invites Thomas Jefferson to join in seeking grant of 2 million acres in U.C., citing great population increase

En route to Detroit, Simcoe party stops at Six Nations of the Grand River and is struck by its appearance and women's singing (Note: "squaws" used)

Settlers encouraged to kill wolves and bears within 5 miles of settlements and bring heads for reward (£1 per wolf and 10s per bear)

Four "associates" are granted township (Glanford) in Lincoln County for settlement of dozens of farmers, with petitioner receiving 1,200 acres

Twelve veteran junior officers are granted 1,000 acres each (except one getting 1,500 acres) near Burlington Bay

Elizabeth Simcoe says Indigenous people canoeing "with that inexpressible care and composure[...]is the prettiest sight imaginable"

Elizabeth Simcoe describes "canvas house" in which she gave birth in January, calling it "remarkably warm" and "so very quiet"

Map: Upper Canada divided into counties

Painting of Toronto Harbour shows ships firing salute

Nova Scotia
Alarmed at frigate (British, it turns out) in Halifax Harbour entrance, infantry and artillery fall in and militia assembles in 30 minutes

Sermon on Ten Commandments includes ban under 6th Commandment on slander and "suggesting evil," and under 8th on any effort to "equalize all"

Pictou Presbyterian minister asks synod to send ministers to preach, some in English and others in Gaelic

Wilmot residents ask on behalf of community to receive land unfit for farming, as clearing it will expose them to winds and "injurious fogs"

Man experienced with pineapple stoves, greenhouses, orchards and gardens, and farm implements, fences, soils etc., seeks employment

New Brunswick
Edward Winslow says N.B. inhabitants are gradually extending "their cultivation," towns have good markets and farmers live comfortably

"Such is the spirit of loyalty in this Infant City" - Saint John residents feel defiant when French privateer is spotted in Bay of Fundy

Lieutenant Governor's directive forbids anyone to bother Indigenous people on Inmans Island, where they have made all improvements

In "Indian school" at Woodstock, girls and boys age 9–17, having "been Disappointed in the English School," improve their pronunciation and reading

Insolvent debtor with family asks House of Assembly for relief after one of his creditors refuses to allow his release from jail

Newfoundland
Fisher from Fortune Bay, Newfoundland says its fishery has increased in size nearly to pre-war level, along with number of fishers and residents

Another committee witness says poverty causes many Newfoundland fishers to want to move to Canada, and departures would greatly serve fishery

Western interior
Legend of L'Enfant perdu on French River near Lake Nipissing says drowned child could be heard moaning for days after he disappeared in water

Long description of layout of fur trade base and its commerce at Grand Portage on Lake Superior

London trader reports to Detroit trader that fur market has collapsed and with it need for "Indian Goods" to exchange for furs

"Most abounding in all the north west" - Long list of mammals (including grizzly), birds and fish (including sturgeon) in Assiniboine River valley

Alexander Mackenzie on his problems with Indigenous helpers, dissatisfied colleagues, and his life "deprived of every comfort"

Pacific coast
Alexander Mackenzie arrives at salt water to find local people "troublesome" and then "hostile," but "a reconciliation" follows

Mackenzie describes coastal village's house "of devotion or sacrifice," with massive 12-ft. posts carved into human figures and supporting ridge poles

George Vancouver says people of Queen Charlotte Sound have "a lively genius" and are "great humourists" despite women's "hideous [lip] distortion"

Elsewhere
St. Pierre and Miquelon surrender to British forces without firing from 8-gun harbour battery that "might have given us some trouble"

Calling Inuit outside their congregation "deeply rooted in the habitual practice of every vice," Labrador missionaries itemize their "wicked ways"

Little-known facts about Marat's and Robespierre's British connections

title: 1793 in Canada