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Freddie Ljungberg

Karl Fredrik "Freddie" Ljungberg (born 16 April 1977) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a winger. He is also a former manager, and was most recently an assistant coach, and interim head coach of Arsenal.

He began his career at Halmstad and went on to spend most of his career at Arsenal, where he won honours including two Premier League titles and three FA Cups, scoring in two finals including the victory in 2002. After leaving Arsenal in 2007, he had short spells at a number of clubs in England, Scotland, the United States, Japan and India. An international for a full decade, Ljungberg earned 75 caps and represented Sweden national team at UEFA Euro 2000, 2004 and 2008, as well as at the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. He was captain of Sweden from 2006 until he announced his international retirement after UEFA Euro 2008.

Ljungberg was a model for Calvin Klein underwear until 2007. He previously represented brands such as Nike, Procter & Gamble, L'Oréal, Puma, Beats, ESPN and Pepsi.

Early life
Ljungberg was born on 16 April 1977 in Vittsjö to Roy Alve Erling Ljungberg, an owner of a construction and consultant business with a masters in engineering, and Elisabeth Bodil Ljungberg, a Swedish Labor Department worker. On 12 September 1984, the Ljungbergs had another son, Karl Oskar Filip. In 1982, the Ljungberg family left Vittsjö and moved to Halmstad. At first, the tenacious five-year old would not have any part of moving. He argued with his parents that he did not want to live in Halmstad. His parents relented and took him to Halmstads BK, where he played on the youth team under manager Olle Eriksson.

From the time he was from five to fourteen, Ljungberg was coached by Eriksson. Eriksson's impression of the youngster was that he was remarkably talented for his age and that he was considerate of other players, noting that Ljungberg would pass the ball to his friends, so that they would have a chance to score. He credits the Brazilian footballer Sócrates, and Eriksson for having a profound effect on his career. During his youth days, Ljungberg also enjoyed playing ice hockey and developed a talent for handball; he was eventually called up to the under-15 national handball team, but decided to focus his attentions on football.

Ljungberg did well in academic subjects and sports. When he finished ninth grade in his högstadium school, his marks averaged 4.1 on the five-point scale. At the age of 18, Ljungberg attended university to study information technology and economics, but he struggled to balance the hectic academic timetable with the physically demanding commitments of professional football. Eventually, he quit university to concentrate on his football career.

Halmstad
In 1989, at the age of 12, Ljungberg had convinced Halmstads BK to move him from P12 to P14 which was against Halmstad's policies at the time. At age 14, Ljungberg joined the junior team under coach Robert Nordström. His perseverance paid off because three years later he was moved up to the senior team.

Ljungberg made his senior debut on 23 October 1994 in the Allsvenskan against AIK. In 1995, Ljungberg played 31 games in which he scored his first goal as a professional player. That same year, Halmstad won Svenska Cupen. In 1997, Halmstad won the Allsvenskan with Ljungberg netting and assisting goals that season for the club, despite picking up injuries. During his time with Halmstad, he went on to make 139 appearances and score 16 goals for the club. After winning several trophies in his years with Halmstad, Ljungberg's star was on the rise with interest from Barcelona, Chelsea, Aston Villa, Parma and Arsenal.

Arsenal

Ljungberg was signed by Arsenal in 1998 for £3 million. Arsenal scouts watched him for over a year and Arsenal's manager, Arsène Wenger, took the unusual step of authorising the signing after watching Ljungberg play for Sweden in their victory against England on television, without seeing him play live. Seeing Ljungberg's performance against England only confirmed to Wenger that Ljungberg could cope against English opponents, and he was signed shortly after. Ljungberg proved himself without difficulty and scored on his debut on 20 September after coming on as a substitute against rival club Manchester United, the match ending 3–0. Ljungberg made 21 appearances across all competitions in his first season, and 43 in his second (1999-2000). He missed the 2000 UEFA Cup Final due to a rib injury. At the end of his third season at Arsenal, 2000–01, they got to the 2001 FA Cup Final. Ljungberg scored to put Arsenal 1-0 up but then Liverpool scored two late goals to win 2–1. This made Ljungberg the first player to score a goal at an FA Cup final outside England, with the game being the first final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.

Some of Ljungberg's best form came in the second half of the 2001–02 season, when Arsenal won their second Premier League and FA Cup double. Following a knee injury to Robert Pires, Ljungberg scored in most of Arsenal's remaining games, including a stunning finish for Arsenal's second goal in the 2–0 FA Cup Final win over Chelsea. Ljungberg had scored many important and vital goals for Arsenal throughout the season. He scored an equaliser against Manchester United, in a game where Arsenal went on to win 3–1. He was instrumental in Arsenal's 2–1 win against Liverpool at Anfield where he won a penalty which Thierry Henry scored and then he slotted in a sweet finish from a Pires cross. He scored a nearly identical goal again against Liverpool at Highbury three weeks later, where the matched ended up being a 1–1 draw. Ljungberg ended the 2001–02 season scoring 17 goals in all competitions. In the 2002 FA Cup Final he became the first player in 40 years to score in consecutive FA Cup Finals.

In the 2002–03 season Ljungberg helped Arsenal reach a third consecutive FA Cup final. He scored the winning goal in the semi-final against Sheffield United, and then started the final as Arsenal defeated Southampton. It was Ljungberg's blocked shot which set up Robert Pires to score the winning goal. This season Ljungberg also scored his first hat-trick for Arsenal in a 4–0 win at Sunderland.

In 2003–04 Ljungberg made 30 league appearances during Arsenal's unbeaten Invincibles season. That season he scored the winning goal against rivals Tottenham Hotspur at Highbury. The following season (2004–05) Ljungberg played in his fourth FA Cup final, when he came on as a substitute and scored one of Arsenal's penalties in the shootout as they defeated Manchester United.

He was most comfortable as a winger on either side of midfield, though he could also play centrally in a 4–5–1 formation, or even as a second striker. Ljungberg became a regular in Arsenal's starting line-up following the departure of Emmanuel Petit and Marc Overmars in the summer of 2000. For several seasons he played a major role for the club including being a member of the unbeaten 49-game run for Arsenal. He had to fight with constant injury problems and occasionally severe bouts with migraines; in 2005 a persistent hip injury led to fears he may have contracted cancer, which were unfounded. It transpired that he was suffering from blood poisoning caused by his large tattoos.

Despite a persistent ankle injury, Ljungberg played for Arsenal in the 2–1 defeat by Barcelona in the Champions League Final in Paris on 17 May 2006.

It was speculated in January 2007 that Ljungberg was being forced to leave Arsenal, after bosses became tired of a run of injuries restricting his play. "Ljungberg still has a lot to offer to Arsenal," Arsène Wenger said, on 13 January 2007, at a Blackburn Rovers pre-match press conference, stressing the fact that Ljungberg will stay at Arsenal until the end of his contract in 2009.

Ljungberg came back after a long injury in an FA Cup match against Bolton Wanderers, scoring a goal thirteen minutes before the end of extra time, earning Arsenal a place in the fifth round tie of the FA Cup against Blackburn Rovers. In a game away at rivals Tottenham Hotspur on 21 April 2007 Ljungberg limped off with an injury in the first half, and this proved to be his final appearance for the club.

In 2008, Ljungberg placed eleventh in Arsenal.com's Gunners' Greatest 50 Players.

West Ham United
On 23 July 2007, after nine years at Arsenal, Ljungberg joined London rivals West Ham United on a four-year contract. Ljungberg made his West Ham debut on the opening day of the 2007–08 season, in West Ham's 2–0 home defeat by Manchester City on 11 August, a game in which he was also captain. After seven months at the club, Ljungberg finally scored his first goal for West Ham in the home match against Birmingham City on 9 February 2008, putting West Ham up 1–0, with the game finishing 1–1. Ljungberg also scored what turned out to be his final goal for the club in a 2–1 defeat away at Sunderland a month later.

In his last game of the season, Newcastle United defender Steven Taylor accidentally landed on top of him while trying to jump over him, breaking his ribs. The injury sidelined Ljungberg for the rest of the season. In May, it was reported that Ljungberg was offered £3 million to tear up his contract. This was quickly dismissed by both Ljungberg's agents, Claes Elefalk and Scott Duxbury, West Ham's chief executive.

In June 2008, Ljungberg retired from the Sweden national team, saying:"I have decided to concentrate on my football with West Ham. This is where my priority now lies."

Following the start of training camp, Ljungberg was nowhere to be seen. Many speculated a transfer was in the works despite Elefalk's claims that Ljungberg was to return. Days later, Ljungberg agreed to terminate his contract only after one year into the four-year deal for a sum of £6 million. Ljungberg stated afterwards: "I gave my all at West Ham and enjoyed my time there but the decision is the best for the both of us. Now, I will take my time to consider my football future."

Football hiatus
After Ljungberg's West Ham exit, fans and sport pundits alike speculated about Ljungberg's future. On 8 August, Ljungberg was seen in Los Angeles fuelling rumours of a move to LA Galaxy which was quickly dismissed. In actuality, Ljungberg went to Los Angeles to get a tattoo done by renowned tattoo artist Mister Cartoon. While he was in Los Angeles, Elefalk urged Ljungberg to meet with Joe Roth, a Hollywood producer and majority stakeholder in the Major League Soccer expansion team Seattle Sounders FC. Ljungberg secretly met with Roth but did not want to make any rash decisions. At the same time, there were rumours of four Italian clubs being interested in Ljungberg including Lazio, Milan, Roma, and Fiorentina. By the end of August, Ljungberg was linked to Portsmouth. On 28 August, Ljungberg's agent told the Swedish press that Ljungberg was continuing to train at his old football club Halmstads BK but was unsure of his football future. At the end of the transfer window, Ljungberg was linked to AS Monaco. When Ljungberg declined to join Monaco after the transfer window closed, many believed Ljungberg was finished with football.

In early September, Ljungberg was seen in New York City during New York Fashion Week. At this time, the Daily Star reported that Ljungberg was looking to become a furniture designer. Shortly after, Ljungberg was seen in London with Natalie Imbruglia.

Seattle Sounders FC
On 17 October 2008, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer reported that Ljungberg might be a part of the new Major League Soccer franchise Seattle Sounders FC. On 28 October 2008, the club officially announced they had signed Ljungberg as their designated player for the 2009 season. The terms of his contract saw Ljungberg earn $10 million over two seasons with the Sounders. Much like the contract of David Beckham and as is the norm for professional sports stars in the US, Ljungberg's contract assured that he kept all of the money derived from his private endorsements. Because of this, Grahame L. Jones of the Los Angeles Times was quick to compare Ljungberg with Beckham. Alexi Lalas stated: "Eddie Vedder, I think, would have a better chance of making an impact at Seattle than Freddie Ljungberg". However, after the 2009 regular season Lalas acknowledged his initial skepticism but admitted he had changed his mind. "For me he's the best DP signing, because of the way he plays in MLS."

In December 2008, it was announced that Ljungberg would undergo surgery to repair a persistent hip injury that has plagued him throughout his later career. Surgeons repaired a slightly torn hip labrum and shaved a small amount of bone where the hip meets the femur to prevent future injury. The Seattle Times reported that Ljungberg was expected to miss ten to twelve weeks of training and possibly be sidelined for the team's inaugural game, but he recovered from his hip injury sooner than expected. Although Ljungberg did not take part of Seattle's preseason in Argentina, he did however do light training with IS Halmia.

Once the Sounders returned to Seattle, Ljungberg joined in training. Despite his speedy recovery, Ljungberg did not participate in the inaugural game against New York Red Bulls. He made his debut one week later on 28 March 2009, coming on as a 61st-minute substitute in a 2–0 victory over Real Salt Lake. The following week he made his first start on 4 April 2009 against Toronto FC, where he also scored his first MLS goal. Ljungberg played his first full game against Chivas USA in Los Angeles in which they lost 2–0. While some noted that Fredy Montero and Ljungberg were not cohesive on the pitch, due to Ljungberg's absence in the preseason and few practices with one other, coach Sigi Schmid answered: "That's just something that takes some time. But they're both quality players and it will get sorted out I think a lot sooner than later."

Ljungberg missed two games against FC Dallas and Colorado Rapids due to a migraine attack. He quickly recovered to play against Chivas USA. On 30 May 2009, the Sounders drew their fifth match in a row, this time against the Columbus Crew, after Ljungberg missed a penalty kick in the 31st minute. Ljungberg scored his second goal for the season against the San Jose Earthquakes on 13 June 2009 as a result of beating Joe Cannon to the ball, lofting it over him and into the center of the net. In the 59th minute, Ljungberg's corner kick set up Montero's goal which led the Sounders to a 2–0 victory. After playing D.C. United, Ljungberg suffered from some hamstring tightness. Ljungberg did suit up for the New York Red Bulls game on 20 June 2009, but he did not play as a result of the injury. On 28 June, Ljungberg assisted Montero's 23rd-minute goal against the Colorado Rapids. He was subbed out toward the end of the game, in which he received a standing ovation. Ljungberg sat out for the US Open Cup game against the USL side Portland Timbers and focused on training during the four-week vacation in July. Following the brief holiday vacation, Seattle defeated Houston Dynamo, a game in which Ljungberg was heavily targeted and fouled. Despite this, Ljungberg outmaneuvered his opponents and assisted a goal to Patrick Ianni. As is so, the Bleacher Report thus dubbed him the man of the match.

During his 2009 season, the Daily Express noted rumors that Ljungberg was poised to return to a European club, but Ljungberg assured fans that he would stay to fulfill his two-year contract. The Swede also gave the insight that he might even extend his contract beyond 2010.

In July 2009, Ljungberg was selected for starting MLS' All-Stars along with teammate Kasey Keller. Selection for the All-Star team is based upon votes from players, coaches, general managers, members of the media and an online fan voting system. Ljungberg received the most votes among fans, a testament to his popularity in the MLS. Ljungberg was also appointed captain of the 2009 MLS All-Star Team in their game over Everton.

Due to receiving a red card in the previous game, Ljungberg was ineligible to play the next Sounders game. As a result, All-Star coach Dominic Kinnear played Ljungberg for a full 90 minutes. At the end of the game, Ljungberg started to have impaired vision. When the game went to penalty kicks, he chose to sit it out due to his loss of vision after an on-set migraine. Unfortunately for Ljungberg, the initial five kicks ended in a draw. Kinnear, not fully understanding Ljungberg's condition, sent him out as the sixth kicker. Ljungberg, unable to see, took a chance and just tapped the ball in the center of the net. However, Tim Howard saved it, resulting in Everton winning. Immediately following the game, Ljungberg was removed from the field on a stretcher. Later, Ljungberg told reporters that he ingested trace amount of red wine while in Utah, resulting in his second migraine within months.

Ljungberg went on to win the U.S. Open Cup of 2009 with Seattle in September of that year.

Chicago Fire
Ljungberg was traded to Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire on 30 July 2010 in exchange for a second-round selection in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft. He made his team debut as a substitute in the club's 3–2 victory over the LA Galaxy the following Sunday. Ljungberg's first start for the Fire came against the New York Red Bulls in a match that featured five designated players. After 15 league appearances, Ljungberg announced that he would be leaving Chicago Fire at the end of the 2010 season.

Celtic
On 27 December 2010, Ljungberg joined Scottish Premier League outfit Celtic on a week-long trial. After a successful trial, Ljungberg officially signed a contract with the club on 30 December 2010. Ljungberg made his debut for Celtic away to Berwick Rangers in the Scottish Cup on 9 January 2011, playing over 60 minutes and helping his team to a 2–0 victory.

Shimizu S-Pulse
On 6 September 2011, Ljungberg signed for Japanese team Shimizu S-Pulse. He left the club by mutual consent on 14 February 2012.

Upon his release, Ljungberg was linked to Australian club Central Coast Mariners and South African team, Orlando Pirates. Meanwhile, he became a Premier League ambassador in which he promoted the league. He also participated in charitable events such as Soccer Aid 2012 and McDonald's Player Escort Program in Kyiv.

Retirement
On 24 August 2012, Ljungberg announced his retirement from football.

Mumbai City
On 25 July 2014, Ljungberg announced a comeback to promote the launch of the Indian Super League. On 2 September, he was signed by Mumbai City, becoming their marquee signing. Due to injury, he missed their involvement in the league's opening match, a 3–0 defeat at Atlético de Kolkata on 12 October. Ljungberg's comeback was cut short due to persistent back problems. After only four games played, he decided to end his contract and return to his home in London.

Youth
In 1996, Ljungberg made his debut for the Sweden national under-21 team. He almost did not make it as an international player because Sweden head coach Lars Lagerbäck thought Ljungberg was too short. In the 2003 documentary film Fredrik Ljungberg: Up Close, Lagerbäck stated: "Of course it's difficult to say at 15 to 16 years of age (whether or not a player has the potential to be an international player). To be honest, I wouldn't say I thought he would become an international player because he was very very little. In his first match, we played Denmark and he scored twice so he convinced me rather fast that he was a good player even if he was very very small but he was quick." On 10 November 1996, Ljungberg scored twice in a game against Scotland U21.

Senior
Ljungberg made his senior international debut on 24 January 1998 against the United States in Orlando, losing 0–1. He scored his first national team goal against Denmark in Malmö with a 3–0 victory.

UEFA Euro 2000
Ljungberg was a squad member for Sweden at UEFA Euro 2000 and played in all three group stage games against Belgium, Turkey, and Italy before Sweden was eliminated from the tournament after the group stage.

2002 FIFA World Cup
During an open team practice before the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Ljungberg broke into a fight with teammate Olof Mellberg following a robust tackle from the latter. Ljungberg pushed Mellberg right in front of the world press and Mellberg responded by grabbing at Ljungberg's jersey top at throat level before the two wrestled on the ground. The two of them were quickly separated by shocked teammates and the team practice was immediately cancelled to deal with the public relations disaster. Within hours, video footage of the fight flooded the media and internet.

Sweden was a part of Group F, dubbed the 'Group of Death', which included Argentina, England and Nigeria. At the time, Ljungberg was suffering from a hip injury which prevented him from playing in most of the games. However, Ljungberg did muster the strength to play against England on 2 June 2002 and Nigeria on 7 June 2002 despite the pain. After Sweden advanced from group death, the team was defeated by Senegal.

UEFA Euro 2004
Sweden were one of the 16 teams to qualify for UEFA Euro 2004 in Portugal. In Sweden's first game on 14 June, Ljungberg scored the opening goal as Sweden beat Bulgaria 5–0. He started the next two matches against Italy and Denmark, which both ended in draws. Sweden along with Italy and Denmark were in a three-way tie for the first spot. However, it was concluded that Italy would not advance due to a goal difference after Sweden and Denmark drew 2–2. Italy disputed the decision saying both Sweden and Denmark fixed the match. UEFA squashed that notion and Sweden moved onto the next round to compete against the Netherlands. The match ended with 0–0 draw in which Ljungberg attempted two shots but failed to score.

2006 FIFA World Cup
Prior to the finals, the team doctor Magnus Forssblad prohibited Ljungberg from participating in full-blown training between matches to protect his injured foot. His right foot was swollen due to fluid building up inside his ankle joint. Ljungberg sat out the warm-up games against Finland and Chile at Sweden's base in Bremen. Despite being advised to take time off, Ljungberg insisted on playing in the cup to help Sweden win.

Sweden's weak start was quickly forgotten after their victory against Paraguay in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. However, Paraguay almost held out for a scoreless tie until Ljungberg scored in the 89th minute giving Sweden a 1–0 victory. Sweden's third match within the group was against England, resulting in a 2–2 draw. Despite the draw, Sweden advanced to the next round only to lose 0–2 against host nation Germany. Ljungberg received the Guldbollen award for helping Sweden advance to the next round in the World Cup by heading in the game-winning goal against Paraguay: "I am proud and humble to get this award," Ljungberg said. "If you look at the football year 2006, it was very eventful. ... If I should try to sum it up, the Champions League final left some deep marks. That felt heavy. But for me, the World Cup was the biggest event of the year."

UEFA Euro 2008
After the 2006 World Cup, Ljungberg was made captain of Sweden. He captained the side in eight of the nine UEFA Euro 2008 qualifiers including games against Latvia, Liechtenstein, Spain, Northern Ireland, and Iceland. In the qualifiers, Ljungberg scored one goal against Liechtenstein on 17 October 2007 and had an assist in the Latvia match four days later. Sweden qualified for the European Championship with six wins.

Prior to UEFA Euro 2008, Ljungberg fractured his ribs, making his appearance in the tournament uncertain. However, Ljungberg was able to participate in the Euro and played the games with a special brace to protect his healing ribs. Ljungberg was able to start in Sweden's first match against Greece which ended in a 2–0 victory. Sweden's next match was against one of the favorites, Spain. Sweden were able to contain Spain who struggled from making big advances. However, Sweden lost that match 1–2.

Sweden was unable to compete with the young Russia squad and were defeated 0–2. Despite Sweden's early dismissal from the tournament, Ljungberg was considered by newspapers in Sweden, France, Italy, Germany and the host nation Austria as being Sweden's leading player throughout the competition.

Retirement
On 27 June 2008, Ljungberg announced that he was ending his ten-year career for the Sweden national team. The decision came following Sweden's early exit from UEFA Euro 2008. Ljungberg won 75 caps for Sweden, scoring 14 goals.

Arsenal
In May 2013, Arsenal announced that Ljungberg would be "renewing his ties with the club" by taking an ambassadorial role with the view of increasing the international awareness of the club. He said that he was "honoured to take on this ambassadorial role".

On 12 July 2016, it was confirmed that he would be joining Arsenal Academy coaching Arsenal's under-15s.

VfL Wolfsburg
After the appointment of Andries Jonker as the new manager for VfL Wolfsburg on 27 February 2017, the club announced later the same day that he would be assisted by Ljungberg and Uwe Speidel. He was at the club for six months before Jonker and his assistants were sacked in September 2017.

Return to Arsenal
On 12 June 2018, Arsenal announced that Ljungberg would return as the under-23 coach. On 5 June 2019, Ljungberg was promoted to Arsenal's first-team coaching squad. On 29 November 2019, Ljungberg was announced as interim head coach following the dismissal of Unai Emery.

In December 2019 he said he was working on a game-by-game basis. His first match as interim head-coach ended in a 2–2 draw away to Norwich City on 1 December, and he achieved his first and only win, beating West Ham United 3-1 eight days later. After Mikel Arteta was appointed as club head-coach, Ljungberg was retained as the first-team assistant coach, after a record of one win, three draws and two defeats as interim head coach. On 22 August 2020 Ljungberg announced his departure from his first team assistant coaching role at Arsenal to progress his management experiences and pursue new opportunities.

Endorsements
Ljungberg's work as a male model have garnered media attention rivaling that of his football career. In 2003, he signed a contract as an underwear model for Calvin Klein, fronting a worldwide campaign which became one of the company's most successful ever. However, Ljungberg was upset that, as a result, women persistently groped him in nightclubs.

Ljungberg was sponsored by sportswear company Nike and appeared in Nike commercials. In a global Nike advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in a "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded "Scorpion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside football players such as Ruud van Nistelrooy, Thierry Henry, Ronaldo, Edgar Davids, Fabio Cannavaro, Francesco Totti, Ronaldinho, Luís Figo and Hidetoshi Nakata, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament "referee".

Personal life
Ljungberg, who rarely talks about his personal life in the media, married long-time partner Natalie Foster, whom he met in 2007, on 9 June 2014 at a ceremony in front of the Natural History Museum. The daughter of a business executive, Foster is a fan of Arsenal's local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. They have two children.

Nicknames
While playing in England, Ljungberg became known as "Freddie", a nickname rarely used in his native Sweden. There, he is most commonly referred to by his birthname Fredrik, although teammates in the Sweden national team have sometimes referred to him by the nickname "Ljungan", Swedish for “the heather ”. In an early stage in Arsenal he was also nicknamed "Kid Vicious", due to the punk hairstyle he had then.

International

 * Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ljungberg goal.

Honours
Halmstad
 * Allsvenskan: 1997
 * Svenska Cupen: 1994–95

Arsenal
 * Premier League: 2001–02, 2003–04
 * FA Cup: 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05
 * FA Charity Shield: 1999

Seattle Sounders FC
 * U.S. Open Cup: 2009

Individual
 * Premier League Player of the Season: 2001–02
 * Premier League Player of the Month: April 2002
 * Premier League Overseas Team of the Decade: 1992–93 – 2001–02
 * ESM Team of the Year: 2001–02
 * Guldbollen: 2002, 2006
 * Swedish Midfielder of the Year: 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
 * MLS Best XI: 2009
 * MLS Player of the Month: October 2009
 * Fotbollsgalan Folkets Lirare ("Fan's Player of the Year"): 1998
 * Stor Grabb: 2000

title: Freddie Ljungberg


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Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport

Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport (Lapangan Terbang Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah) — formerly Subang International Airport/Kuala Lumpur International Airport, often called Subang Airport or Subang Skypark — is an airport located in Subang, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.

Subang International Airport served as Kuala Lumpur's main airport from 1965 to 1998, before the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang was opened. Although plans existed to convert the airport into a low-cost carrier base, the change was opposed by Subang Jaya residents. The airport was repurposed to serve general aviation as well as turboprop domestic and international flights. In 1996, the airport was renamed after Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj (Salahuddin of Selangor), the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and eighth Sultan of Selangor.

Subang Airport is currently the base for SKS Airways and Firefly commercial turboprop services. Raya Airways is the only other non-passenger non-turbo prop aircraft landing and utilising Subang Airport Terminal 2. While heavily opposed by Ara Damansara residents of the noise of the jet engines, Raya Airways still operates out of SZB servicing DHL and other local hubs.

History
Work on the Subang International Airport started in 1961 and finished in 1965 at a cost of $64 million. Its deceptively simple design consisted of a roof composed of floating concrete shells that was held aloft by mushroom-shaped columns. Partners in the Booty Edwards Architectural practice Kington Loo and C.H.R Bailey are typically attributed with the design. The open structure also featured a massive circular ramp, reminiscent of Berthold Lubetkin's penguin pavilion in London. Most of the structure was removed during a major reconstruction in 1983.

The airport was officially opened to traffic on 30 August 1965, and had the longest runway (3780 m long, 45 m wide – runway 15 – 33) in Southeast Asia, replacing Sungai Besi Airport. By the 1990s, the airport had three terminals – Terminal 1 for international flights, Terminal 2 for Singapore – Kuala Lumpur shuttle flights by Singapore Airlines and Malaysia Airlines, and Terminal 3 for domestic flights. Toward the end of service, the airport suffered at least two major fires that forced traffic to be diverted to other airports. By the end of 1997, Subang Airport had handled 15.8 million passengers. In 2003 terminal 1 was demolished.

In July 2002, AirAsia began flying from KLIA, and in 2004, AirAsia considered utilising the airport as a primary hub in Malaysia. However, the plan was rejected and the Malaysian government planned to turn the airport into an international conference centre. Since Firefly started operations in the airport, AirAsia has been lobbying the government to allow AirAsia to use Subang Airport. As of December 2007, the government still maintains its policy of only allowing general aviation and turbo-prop flights out of Subang Airport. The airport underwent renovation works at Terminal 3 from February 2008 and was finished in October 2009. Terminal 3 was renamed to Subang Skypark.

Present
Raya Airways, a national cargo carrier, chose Subang Airport as its main cargo operation center. Several companies offer chartered flights and helicopter services from the airport. One of the largest FBO (Fixed-Base Operator) in the region (with covered hangar space of more than 100000 sqft), Dnest Aviation Services is also based in this airport. Their newest hangar boast a "first of its kind" infrastructure capable of taking in either a 737 BBJ or A319 ACJ and 2 basement floors directly underneath it with ample of office space, lecture rooms, carpark and a cafeteria. A number of flying clubs are also located at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah airport, the most famous of these being Subang Flying Club, Air Adventure Flying Club, Eurocopter (An EADS Company), ESB Flying Club(Eurodynamic Sdn Bhd). With Eurocopter, the airport serves as a maintenance and support facility for Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency helicopters.

Berjaya Air's head office is in the Berjaya Hangar in the SkyPark Terminal Building. Previously the head office was in Terminal 3. Transmile Air Services has its head office in the Transmile Centre in the Cargo Complex. The main headquarters of Malaysia Airlines was previously in Subang, consisting of administrative departments & its maintenance, repair and overhaul subsidiary, MAS Aerospace. In addition, another MAS subsidiary, Firefly also operates a fleet of ATR 72 out of Subang.

Apart from that, Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport was to be a hub for Global Flying Hospitals, but the humanitarian medical charity made the decision to close down Malaysian Operations, stating that the elements to make the correct formula for the GFH model were not present.

Skypark Terminal 3 transformation plan
On 4 December 2007, Subang SkyPark Sdn Bhd announce a RM 300 million plan to transform the Terminal 3 building into an ultra-modern general and corporate aviation hub. The plan includes upgrading the terminal, creation of regional aviation center and finally the establishment of a commercial nexus. Under an agreement with Malaysia Airports, Subang Skypark will serve private aviation while Malaysia Airports will serve Berjaya Air and Firefly Airlines. Subang Skypark recently signed a lease agreement with Malaysia Airports for the land in the Airport in Langkawi. On the next day, VistaJet, a business jet service provider, has announced that it will use the airport as a base of operations in Malaysia. It has chosen Terminal 3, which is being operated by Subang Skypark to be the hub in Asia.

The operator announce that construction works for a 9000 sqft, five-star executive lounge begins in February 2008. The construction works was awarded to ArcRadius Sdn Bhd. It is expected that the lounge works will be done by end of March 2008. The transformation plans also calls for a construction of two 42 m by 47 m maintenance, repair and overhaul hangars and ten 36 m by 36 m parking hangars. The construction of the MRO hangars will complete by end of 2008 while two of the ten parking hangars will complete by end of 2009.

On 8 August 2008, VistaJet Holding SA started operations from the airport. It provides private jet travel from Malaysia to anywhere in the world.

Subang Airport underwent a RM40 million facelift on the check-in terminals. The facelift did nothing much to address the lack of parking spots, although a valet service is provided. Parking cost RM25 on daily basis. A rail link was added in 2018 to connect to the airport to Kuala Lumpur Sentral via KTM Komuter; travellers can also catch a local bus out of Central Market bus hub.

The airport was officiated by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 28 October 2009. The Prime Minister has expressed confidence that the airport will reach 2 million annual passenger and emerge as a regional hub of ASEAN.

Terminal 2 at Skypark Subang
The next phase of development will entail the refurbishment of the former Terminal 2 (T2) of the SAAS airport into an extension of the SkyPark Terminal 3. Works are scheduled to commence end of 2017 with an estimated construction period of 24 months. The combined capacity of T2 and T3 will be 5 million passengers.

With a retail extension of 320000 sqft, the project will include airport facilities and services and a multilevel car park of 350000 sqft with 1,155 bays. The extension will also include an entertainment / event deck that overlooks the runway, a first of its kind, open to public, in Malaysia.

Commercial Nexus
Skypark Commercial Nexus is a mixed development commercial project sited on a 5.13 hectare plot adjoined to the main terminal. Among the proposed highlights of the Nexus would be a hotel, entertainment outlets, aviation museum and an aviation theme park (subject to approval from authority). A multi-storey car park is also included. Construction work is expected to commence in early 2014. The upcoming railway line is planned to connect SkyPark Nexus to Subang Jaya KTMB station.

Airport taxi
There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get on a taxi.

Transit bus
Buses from Subang Skypark towards Pasar Seni (Central Market) in Kuala Lumpur city center are Rapid KL bus No. 772 (also stops at Asia Jaya LRT station and KL Sentral). The bus ticket costs RM2.50 (Asia Jaya) & RM3.00 (Pasar Seni), and the route operates from 6:00 am till midnight.

Feeder bus
To serve the newly opened Kelana Jaya extension line and MRT Kajang Line, there is a Rapid KL feeder bus No. T773 route between Ara Damansara LRT Station and Subang Skypark and MRT feeder bus No. T804 route between Kwasa Sentral station and Subang Airport. Fares are fixed at RM1.00.

Airport shuttle bus
There is also a bus shuttle service between Subang Skypark and Kuala Lumpur International Airport KLIA & KLIA2. The service departs from Subang Skypark from 5am until 7pm. The one-way journey takes around one hour (subject to traffic) and costs RM10 per passenger.

Airport train
A KTM Komuter shuttle service connecting KL Sentral through Subang Jaya to the terminal was operated between 1 May 2018 to 15 February 2023. This extension is a branch line of the Port Klang Line and provided rail connectivity to the airport that is currently only served by other kinds of road transportation. The line is 26 km long and has three stations: KL Sentral, Subang Jaya, and with two planned stations - Glenmarie, Sri Subang. However, the Subang Skypark airport train system was suspended from 15 February 2023 due to the low ridership.

Accidents and incidents

 * 11 May 1976 – British Airways Flight 888, a Boeing 747-100 from London to Melbourne via Bahrain, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur, was on approach to Runway 15 when it flew below the normal flight path, hitting trees 2.2 nautical miles before the runway threshold. On landing, inspection of the aircraft revealed damage on the main landing gear; strike marks on the fuselage and engine intakes; and evidence of debris ingestion on the two left-side engines.
 * 27 September 1977 – Japan Airlines Flight 715, a Douglas DC-8, crashed into a hill in bad weather while attempting to land on Runway 15. 34 people, including 8 of the 10 crew members and 26 of the 69 passengers, were killed when the aircraft broke on impact.
 * 18 December 1983 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 684, an Airbus A300 from Singapore crashed 2 km short of the runway while approaching Runway 15 in bad weather. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft was written off. Ironically, the aircraft was operating its last scheduled flight for Malaysian Airline System, before being returned to its original operator, Scandinavian Airlines System.
 * 19 February 1989 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 66, a Boeing 747-200F from Singapore crashed 12 kilometres from the airport while on approach to Runway 33. The pilots misinterpreted the controller's instructions to descend, causing the aircraft to fly below minimum altitude and crash into a hillside on the outskirts of Puchong. All four flight crew were killed.
 * 18 March 2019 – At approximately 3.20am, an accident had happened on the runway of Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Subang involving a privately owned Bombardier Challenger 300 and an airport engineering vehicle. The vehicle was on the runway to escort contractors fixing the lighting of the runway when the airport staff driving it fell asleep while waiting for the contractors to finish their work. The contractors vacated the runway upon seeing the landing lights of the approaching aircraft while the airport staff in the vehicle had died from the incident a few days later. Two air traffic controllers were suspended due to the incident.
 * 24 March 2021 - At 9.25am, an Airbus AS350 B3 helicopter crashed at the airport. There were five people on board, including one pilot and four passengers. All the victims were taken to the hospital for further treatment, two persons were reportedly injured and one suffered a broken leg and head injury. It left Sungai Lembing in Pahang at 8.30am and was on a private flight to Subang via Maran, Temerloh, Karak and the Batu Caves. A safety investigation will be conducted by Malaysia's Air Accident Investigation Bureau.
 * 17 August 2023 - At 2.51pm, N28JV, a Beechcraft Premier I crashed at a highway two minutes drive from Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport. There were 10 casualties involving 8 people on the aircraft including YB Datuk Seri Johari Harun and 2 people on the highway. The aircraft departed Langkawi International Airport at 2.08pm heading to Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport.

Other shared facilities

 * 1)  AIROD is located north of the passenger terminal and occupies the land there.
 * 2)  RMAF Subang Air Base, is located on the western side of the runway, shared with the MMEA hangar
 * 3)  Various hangars storing corporate jets are located south of the Passenger Terminal
 * 4)  The cargo terminal, the base of Raya Air is actually located across the main road, featuring a taxiway crossing the road. Airbus Helicopters has an office at that same location.
 * 5)  The Police Air Unit base for Peninsular Malaysia is located at the extreme south of the airfield, the latest addition after shifting there from Sungai Besi Air Base in 2018.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport


text:
Talk:Russians

Russians are not Slavs.
Greetings ! I am not russian but russian speaking person. Contrasting their language with other Slavic languages I found that some words look different and and even Ukrainian share same lexicon with Czech. 2.133.211.65 (talk) 07:55, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Interesting hypothesis, but you are definitely wrong. There are no any doubts between linguists that Russian language is Indo-European language, that belongs to the Slavic language family. The 'lexicon' is not criteria to make such conclusions, especially taking in account the fact that many words in Ukrainian and Czech language have Germanic origin not Slavic (e.g. 'Thank you' - German 'Danke' - Ukrainian 'djákovati'). Also, some words in Russian have Greek origin. So you cannot assume the language family by just comparing the words. In that case you could take Ukrainian 'djákovati' (Germanic origin) and compare with Russian 'spasibo' (Slavic origin) and make a conclusion that Ukrainian is not Slavic language. It is silly, but it makes as much sense as your comment.Interesting hypothesis, but you are definitely wrong. There is no any doubts for between lindquist that Russian language is Indo-European language, that belongs to the Slavic language family. The 'lexicon' is not criteria to make such conclusions, especially taking in account the fact that many words in Ukrainian and Czech language have germanic origin, neither slavic (e.g. 'Thank you' - German 'Danke' - Ukrainian 'djákovati'). Also some words in Russian have greek origin. So you cannot assume the language family by just comparing the words. In that case you could take Ukrainian 'djákovati' (germanic origin) and compare with Russian 'spasibo' (slavic origin) and make a conclusion that Ukrainian is not slavic language. It is silly, but it makes as much sense as your comment. 91.123.65.221 (talk) 23:15, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Essentially a WP:FORUM thread that should have been reverted. - LouisAragon (talk) 17:56, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * As a person from Ukraine I'd question if Russians are really Slavic. This can be completely wrong so please no hate. But I clearly remember from History lessons that Russia is originally named Moscowia and came from Golden Horde. It got renamed as Russia only in October 22, 1721.
 * "The tsars of Moscow and, later, Russia understood that without an imposing past it was impossible to create a great nation and empire. Therefore it was necessary to glorify their historical roots and even to hijack the history of other nations. So, starting with Ivan the Terrible (1533-1584) the tsars of Moscow applied all their efforts to appropriate the history of Kyivan Rus, its glorious past, and to create an official mythology for the Russian Empire." 185.94.219.13 (talk) 17:24, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Ultimate original research fail 2603:6011:9600:52C0:645E:6895:7583:F219 (talk) 01:52, 11 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Interesting hypothesis, but Wikipedia isn't the place for spreading original research and fringe theories. Summer talk 14:11, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

Neutrality of section on Religions
Jews are not mentioned in that section, seemingly because they are not "ethnic Russians". Defining ethnic Russians in a way that excludes Jews seems to be original research based on an idea of ethnicity being determined primarily by a person's "blood" (or genetics). Rsk6400 (talk) 06:59, 3 November 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 March 2024
Remove total population. It's misleading and unsourced. 193.187.88.197 (talk) 00:16, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. It looks like all the population numbers are sourced. Please be specific about what you want changed.  RudolfRed (talk) 00:53, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

Ethnic group ?
Since Ivan Grozny, there have been at least two definitions of Russians: Ethnic Russians and subjects / citizens of the Russian Empire. In Russian there are even two words: русские and another one (российский) derived from "Russia". There is no reason why this article should only be about ethnic Russians. The formula "are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe, who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history." is similar to many other articles, but there is no source for it, and it doesn't match the specific Russian history. Rsk6400 (talk) 06:36, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Would you please take part in this discussion that I started two weeks ago before restoring claims that are totally unsourced ? Rsk6400 (talk) 12:19, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Other ethnic groups in Russia have their own separate articles e.g. Buryats. No reason to hijack this one and make it all about the "multiculturalism" and deny the existence of the East Slavic core population of Russia, who compose 80% of the total population of the federation. Unless you have an agenda. Then go forward because no one cares and no one will stop you anyway. Swoonfed (talk) 19:11, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * My edits had nothing to do with any of the things you accused me of. Can you give me a good source for the formula I mentioned in my post of 23 June ? Why should we not mention that "Russians" has two meanings? Russians are the only people I know of having two different words for the ethnicity and the citizenship. If this article is to deal with ethnic Russians only, it should be renamed "Ethnic Russians". Rsk6400 (talk) 07:01, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * There is a separate article named Ethnic groups in Russia. This article should not be named "Ethnic Russians". That is utterly confusing. Secondly, most people in this world are ignorant i.e. they have little knowledge about geography, history, ethnic groups, cultures, social customs, classes etc. The word "Russian" was synonymous with the word "Slav" for a very long time in the West. I would say it was as such just before 2022 invasion of Ukraine. So, when people think about the word "Russian", they think about the Slavic ethnic group, that are the Russians, who compose the majority of Russia's population.

 * It is not very hard to grasp the fact that all ethnic groups in Russia are of Russian nationality but not of Russian ethnicity. And this might disappoint you, but people are not searching for Dagestanis or Yakuts when they search the word "Russians". Swoonfed (talk) 09:50, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * In English, the Russians is also how Россияне — Википедия (wikipedia.org) is translated to. ManyAreasExpert (talk) 09:59, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * This article was made for the Slavic Russians, whose namesake the federation uses. To omit the sections reserved for the ethnic Russians and make this article a multicultural salad like the article Germans is pointless considering all of the minority ethnic groups in Russia have their own separate articles. So I do not support that.

 * A point to be noted is that in Russia minority ethnic groups have their own separate identity and culture, which is distinct from the majority Slavic population. Such as the Kalmyks, the Mongolic peoples who are the only Buddhist bunch in Europe. Peoples such as Chechens also do not identify as "Russian", but rather as their own separate identity and culture. The word "ethnic" itself is puzzling. It often refers to people of color. Most readers would have 0 idea about what the supposed "ethnic" Russians are supposed to be. Swoonfed (talk) 10:11, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It's sad that you didn't reply to my concerns regarding the missing sourcing for the formula "who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history". Also: To restrict this article to ethnic Russians only, we'd need good reasons based on reliable sources. Please make yourself familiar with WP:TPG, WP:RS, and WP:OR.
 * Russian identity is linked to the justification of the war in Ukraine, therefore WP:GS/RUSUKR applies (see also WP:BROADLY), that means that you are not allowed to edit this article before becoming extended confirmed, while I'm allowed to revert you (Remedies C and D of WP:GS/RUSUKR). Rsk6400 (talk) 09:53, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
 * This article was made for the Slavic Russians We can extend the body with regard to arguments above.To omit the sections reserved for the ethnic Russians and make this article a multicultural salad like the article Germans is pointless You don't need to oppose that since nobody has this intention. See the actual argument above. ManyAreasExpert (talk) 10:02, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The article is currently categorized under Category:Ethnic groups in Europe and Category:East Slavs, so please do not repeatedly restore contested edits. Mellk (talk) 05:29, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Mellk, you surely are able to reply to my concerns, aren't you? Rsk6400 (talk) 06:17, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It is strange for the lead to include both an ethnic group and nationality while the body refers to ethnic Russians specifically, including origins and history, genetics, geographic distribution etc. This has been discussed many times before, since the article has been referring to the ethnic group for 20 years. You may have noticed the archives on this talk page and other associated pages; rossiyane does not even redirect here. I would suggest to gain consensus on the wording first before continually restoring your changes. Mellk (talk) 06:29, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * "Rossiyane" translates to Russians. The article body can be extended to talk about both meanings but the lead should inform the reader that when they see the word "Russians", it may mean either Русские — Википедия (wikipedia.org) or Россияне — Википедия (wikipedia.org) . ManyAreasExpert (talk) 11:45, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The wording should be proposed here and then there should be clear consensus to change this. The wording in the edit by Rsk6400 is something akin to a dictionary definition. Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Mellk (talk) 11:55, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Everybody can improve it instead of deleting. ... may also denote the people of the multi-ethnic Russian state, as it was, is a good start for me. ManyAreasExpert (talk) 12:01, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The body already includes non- ethnic Russians: Osip Mandelstam, Grigori Perelman, Sergei Eisenstein (father was no ethnic Russian). Shall we really discuss whether Gogol was an ethnic Russian and then delete him from the article? Rsk6400 (talk) 16:55, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * He was "hybrid" or something ethnicity (from Gogol article). ManyAreasExpert (talk) 17:20, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request 27 June 2024
Revert to revision# 1230356292 from 22 June 2024, here: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russians&oldid=1230356292

Edits on 23 June 2024 removed Brazil, Germany, United States, and Israel from the Russian Diaspora list, making it appear that no Russians live in those countries.

I see the reasoning above, the editor removed those countries and population numbers as they included "russian jews" and "russian germans" which the editor does not believe belong in the russian ethnic group. However, it is more appropriate to keep these countries and the population number in the list, with the notation of who is included in that population number, so that readers can be informed. Additionally, this is already clarified in the article which states, "A large Russian diaspora (sometimes including Russian-speaking non-Russians), estimated at 25 million people,[41] has developed all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and Canada." Making it more misleading that three of the named countries, United States, Germany, and Brazil, are not in the list.

74.218.78.226 (talk) 13:37, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.218.78.226 (talk) 13:45, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

 * If we start this article with a certain definition (which I think is wrong), then we have to follow that definition. Rsk6400 (talk) 17:29, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. ABG (Talk/Report any mistakes here) 04:43, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russians


text:
Swarthmoor Hall

Swarthmoor Hall is a mansion at Swarthmoor, in the Furness area of Cumbria, North West England. Furness is part of the historic county of Lancashire. The Hall was home to Thomas and Margaret Fell, the latter an important player in the founding of the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) movement in the 17th century. It is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. It remains in use today as a Quaker retreat house.

History
Swarthmoor Hall was built by a lawyer named George Fell about 1568. It was inherited by his son Thomas, a lawyer and later a member of Parliament, Vice Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and an influential supporter of Parliament during the English Civil War. In 1634 Thomas married Margaret Askew and she moved into the Hall.

George Fox visited the Hall in 1652. Thomas Fell was travelling as a judge, but Fox had an audience with Margaret Fell, who became interested in his new doctrines. She arranged for him to preach in St Mary's Church in nearby Ulverston and at the Hall. During his time there, many people were convinced of the truth of his teachings.When Thomas Fell returned home, he was persuaded by his wife and some others to listen to Fox, who successfully appealed to his pro-Parliamentary sentiments. Fell was never totally convinced by Fox's religious teachings, but he did allow his home to be used as a meeting house for the early Friends. Among those connected with the meeting were the missionary preachers Alice and Thomas Curwen, natives of nearby Baycliff, who were active in the Furness district, then in New England, Barbados and Nevis, and later in Huntingdonshire and other parts of England. The meeting continued to use the hall until 1691, when a meeting house was built nearby.

Thomas Fell died in 1658. Eleven years later George Fox married the widowed Margaret Fell, and when not travelling, occasionally lived at Swarthmoor. Fox died in London in 1691 and Margaret died at the Hall in 1702.

Quaker functions
The London Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends purchased the Hall in 1951 for £9,000 and it still belongs to the Religious Society of Friends.

The annual Swarthmore Lecture is one of a series of lectures, started in 1908, addressed to the Britain Yearly Meeting of the Friends. The Quaker-founded Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania was named after Swarthmoor Hall. Swarthmoor is one of the four houses (Swarthmoor, Firbank, Pendle, Briggflatts) at the Quaker Bootham School, a boarding-school in York, and it was one of the three houses at Great Ayton Friends' School.

title: Swarthmoor Hall


text:
Down to a Sunless Sea (Graham novel)

David Graham's Down to a Sunless Sea (1979) is a post-apocalyptic novel about a planeload of people during and after a short nuclear war, set in a near-future world where the USA is critically short of oil. The title of the book is taken from a line of the poem Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Lin Carter published (1984) a fantasy novel with the same title (ISBN 978-1-4344-9797-0), also derived from the same Coleridge poem.

Plot summary
The story is told in the first person by Jonah Scott, a British pilot for the fictional airline Air Britain who has arrived in New York City on his regular flight from London. The United States has collapsed after using up nearly all of its oil reserves and the collapse of the dollar.

During the night, Jonah and the apartment superintendent and guard, John Capel, must fight off armed burglars disguised as military police looking for food that Jonah and Senior Flight Attendant Kate Monahan brought with them. Capel is wounded but Kate demonstrates her basic medical skills in cleaning and dressing the wound. Jonah offers to help Capel and a newly orphaned girlfriend, Nikki, of one of his crew travel illegally to London aboard his aircraft, in order to escape the anarchy that has befallen America.

Shortly after takeoff from New York, Jonah is informed that Israel has attacked Beirut, Damascus, and Cairo with nuclear weapons in retaliation for their radioactive poisoning of Tel Aviv's water supply.

Israel's strike triggers a worldwide nuclear holocaust while the plane is en route to London, the Soviet Union and China attacking America and its allies. Four Soviet diplomats on board try to hijack the plane, only to be killed.

Unable to continue to Europe due to the fact that it has suffered nuclear attack, or return to also-attacked New York, the crew attempt to find a place to land their plane. They are granted landing rights at Funchal, but its airport is destroyed by the collision of an El Al flight and a desperate pilot disobeying instructions.

Jonah and his crew wonder whether to crash land on an island in the Azores chain with the help of Juan, a local resident who has contacted them via amateur radio. Jonah sights a NATO airfield, Lajes Field, which is mostly intact. Jonah and the nuclear scientists who are on board deduce that the Soviets needed Lajes intact and accordingly attacked it with a short-lived neutron bomb to occupy it. Jonah lands the plane at Lajes.

Although safe for now, rising levels of fallout from Europe require that they evacuate, and they decide to fly to Antarctica. They are not sure how many passengers they can bring and how many supplies they will need to bring. Jonah and the SAS soldiers on board manage to re-activate the base radar and use the teletype machines to make contact with a sheltered-in-place British naval officer in the Falkland Islands who is able to break cover and confirm with the McMurdo Antarctic base the existence of sufficient provisions, plus a nuclear reactor for warmth. He dies quickly.

A Soviet Antonov freighter aircraft lands at Lajes. Initially suspected of being a Soviet landing party to secure the crucial mid-Atlantic air force base, it turns out to be carrying two female Soviet Air Force crew and a large number of civilian refugees. Next morning both aircraft, fully fueled plus carrying as much extra fuel as possible, fly to Antarctica. When the Antonov cannot make the necessary altitude to overfly the worldwide belt of hot radiation (with the weight of cargo, passengers, and fuel), fifty Soviet volunteers sacrifice themselves by jumping from the plane.

Soon after the characters arrive at McMurdo, it is realised that the tilt of the Earth on its axis is being affected by the numerous nuclear explosions. There are two different endings of Down To A Sunless Sea which suggest either a radioactive death for all the survivors with a theological twist, or minus the polar advance of radiation, a chance for the almost one thousand survivors to rebuild the world.

Movie
A film adaptation was reportedly in development in 2015, according to IMDB and IFTN. In the movie, an Airbus A-380 with 600 passengers on a flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo is in-flight when nuclear war breaks out. The movie will possibly star Morgan Freeman.

title: Down to a Sunless Sea (Graham novel)


text: User talk:202.156.2.59

title: User talk:202.156.2.59


text:
V8 (disambiguation)

A V8 is an engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders.

V8 may also refer to:

Computers

 * V8 (JavaScript engine), an open-source JavaScript engine
 * ITU-T V.8, a telecommunications recommendation
 * V8 Unix, the eighth edition of Research Unix from 1985

Vehicles

 * Aston Martin V8, 1969 two-door coupe-type automobile manufactured in the United Kingdom
 * Audi V8, a 1988 large luxury saloon/sedan
 * Fokker V.8, a German quintuplane
 * V8 Supercars, an Australian touring car racing category
 * MTX Tatra V8, a supercar

Other

 * V8 (band) a heavy metal band
 * V8 (beverage), a vegetable juice made by Campbell Soup Company
 * V8 Marlborough Street, a grid road in the new town of Milton Keynes, England
 * Vigilante 8, a vehicular combat game produced by Luxoflux
 * Video8, a generation of 8mm video format
 * V8 (TV channel), a defunct Dutch television channel

title: V8 (disambiguation)


text:
Don't Bore Us, Get to the Chorus!

'Don't Bore Us - Get to the Chorus! Roxette's Greatest Hits' is the first greatest hits compilation album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released on 30 October 1995 by EMI. The record contains the duo's four number ones from the US Billboard Hot 100 chart: "The Look", "Listen to Your Heart", "It Must Have Been Love" and "Joyride", and a further two which reached number two on the chart: "Dangerous" and "Fading Like a Flower (Every Time You Leave)". It also includes four newly recorded tracks, three of which were released as singles: "You Don't Understand Me", "June Afternoon" and "She Doesn't Live Here Anymore". The album's title is based on a quote from Motown-founder Berry Gordy.

The album was an immediate commercial success, selling over 2 million copies worldwide within 2 months of release. As of 2001, the compilation has sold in excess of 6 million copies worldwide. The record would not be released in the United States until 26 September 2000. This edition featured different cover art and consisted of an altered track listing—it excluded singles which were never released in the US, and included two singles from their then-most recent album, Have a Nice Day (1999).

Background and recording
Roxette recorded four new songs for the compilation, three of which went on to be issued as commercial singles. "You Don't Understand Me" was released in October 1995 as the compilation's lead single internationally. It was co-written by Per Gessle with American composer Desmond Child, and was originally intended for submission to other recording artists. However, Gessle was so pleased with the song that he asked Marie Fredriksson to record the vocals. In the album's liner notes, Gessle described it as the first Roxette song to be written by an "outsider". In the United Kingdom, a remixed version of "The Look" – titled "The Look '95" – was released in November as the album's lead single there, where it peaked at number 28. This remixed version does not appear on the album.

"June Afternoon" and "She Doesn't Live Here Anymore" were released as subsequent singles. Both songs were predominantly recorded with members of Gessle's former band Gyllene Tider. The former would go on to become a top 40 hit in Belgium, Sweden, and Switzerland, while the latter charted in the lower regions of the German Singles Chart. The remaining new song, "I Don't Want to Get Hurt", was issued as a promotional single in Brazil, and became a sizable airplay hit there after it was predominantly featured in a Brazilian telenovela. Also included on the compilation are two previously released non-album singles: "It Must Have Been Love" and "Almost Unreal", from the soundtracks of Pretty Woman (1990) and Super Mario Bros. (1993), respectively.

Critical reception
Bryan Buss of AllMusic said that the album "exhibits what pop masters Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson are, ... [they have] crafted some of the best tunes of the '80s and '90s." He described every song as a gem, and said: "Even with the pop renaissance of the late '90s, no one picked up where Roxette left off. This is a comprehensive collection of great contemporary music from overlooked and underrated pros." A 2016 feature in Renowned for Sound praised the record as being the "definitive greatest hits record to own above all other hits collections over the last 30 years." Editor Brendon Veevers described the new songs as "some of the bands finest work." Ronny Olovsson from Swedish publication Aftonbladet also complimented the new songs, calling them "just as strong [melodically]" as their biggest hit singles, but claimed that the production on their earlier material had aged badly.

In a review of the 2000 US version of the album, Billboard said: "It's ironic how some acts just rack up hit after hit, seemingly under the radar of pop culture. It's also interesting to note how easy it is to take such acts for granted. During its early-'90s heyday, no one took Roxette seriously. And yet the masses happily consumed one tasty treat after another—as evidenced by this compilation." Commenting on the performance of "Wish I Could Fly" at US radio, they opined: "[Do Roxette] still have the golden touch? If ["Wish I Could Fly"] is an accurate indicator, the answer is resoundingly positive. ... It looks like Roxette will be adding to that pile of much-deserved (if guilty pleasure) hits."

Commercial performance
The album was an immediate commercial success throughout Europe, debuting at number three on Billboard's European Albums Chart. It was later certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry in 1996 for sales of over a million copies throughout Europe. The record topped the charts in Portugal, while reaching the top five in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. In Germany, the record peaked at number seven, and was certified platinum by the BVMI for shipments in excess of 500,000 units. The album also peaked at number seven in Italy, and was one of the top 40 best-selling albums of the year. Don't Bore Us sold over 2 million copies worldwide within two months of release.

The record was also successful in Oceania, peaking in the top ten in both Japan and New Zealand. It was certified platinum in both countries for shipments in excess of 200,000 and 15,000 units, respectively. Conversely, the album initially had little impact on the ARIA Charts when it was released in Australia in late 1995, failing to enter the top 40 there. In mid-1996, some six months later, EMI Australia began to promote the album with a collection of TV commercials. The record would go on to peak in the top ten, and was certified double platinum by the ARIA for shipments in excess of 140,000 copies. It finished 1996 as the 35th best-selling album in the country.

North America
The original album was not released in the United States. However, it was released in Canada, where it peaked at number forty and was certified gold by Music Canada – then the Canadian Recording Industry Association – in 1996 for shipments in excess of 50,000 units. It was finally issued in the US in 2000, with an amended track listing: all of the new songs, aside from "You Don't Understand Me", were cut, along with the singles which were never released in the US (namely "The Big L." and "Vulnerable"). These were replaced by the fifth and final single from their third studio album Joyride (1991), "Church of Your Heart"—which reached number 36 on the Billboard 200 in 1992; as well as two singles from their then-most recent album, Have a Nice Day (1999): "Stars" and "Wish I Could Fly". The latter had reached number 24 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary and number 40 on Adult Pop Songs.

As of 2005, the album had sold over 78,000 copies in the US, with worldwide sales estimated at over 6 million copies.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Don't Bore Us, Get to the Chorus! Roxette's Greatest Hits''.

 * Roxette are Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson
 * Recorded at Tits & Ass Studio in Halmstad, Sweden; EMI Studios, Audio Sweden, Polar Studios and Studio Stacken in Stockholm, Sweden; Mayfair Studios in London, England and Capri Digital Studios in Capri, Italy between 1987 and August 1995.
 * All songs produced by Clarence Öfwerman, except "She Doesn't Live Here Anymore" by Per Gessle and Michael Ilbert
 * All songs published by Jimmy Fun Music, except "You Don't Understand Me" by Jimmy Fun Music/EMI Songs
 * Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound Studios, New York City

Musicians
 * Marie Fredriksson – lead and background vocals, piano, keyboards and liner notes
 * Per Gessle – lead and background vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, Benny-piano, kazoo, whistling, tambourine, mixing and liner notes
 * Per "Pelle" Alsing – drums and percussion
 * Micke "Syd" Andersson – drums and tambourine
 * Vicki Benckert – background vocals
 * Anders Herrlin – background vocals, bass guitar, synthesizer, engineering and programming
 * Mats Holmquist – string arrangements and conducting
 * Jonas Isacsson – acoustic and electric guitars and harmonica
 * Henrik Janson – talkbox
 * Christer Jansson – hi-hat and percussion
 * Jarl "Jalle" Lorensson – harmonica
 * Clarence Öfwerman – backing vocals, keyboards, Synclavier, string and horn arrangements, programming and mixing
 * Staffan Öfwerman – background vocals
 * Jan "Janne" Oldaeus – electric guitar
 * Mats "MP" Persson – acoustic and electric guitars, engineering and mixing
 * Per "Pelle" Sirén – electric guitar
 * Stockholms Nya Kammarorkester (credited as SNYKO) – strings
 * Alar Suurna – tambourine, engineering and mixing
 * Sveriges Radios Symfoniorkester – woodwind quartet

Technical
 * Kjell Andersson – sleeve design
 * Humberto Gatica – mixing (track 7)
 * Michael Ilbert – engineering and mixing (tracks 1, 2, 17 and 18)
 * Sven Lindström – liner notes
 * Jonas Linell – photography
 * Chris Lord-Alge – mixing (track 4)
 * Björn Norén – engineering (tracks 1 and 18)

title: Don't Bore Us, Get to the Chorus!


text:
The Ballad Hits

The Ballad Hits is the second greatest hits compilation album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released on 4 November 2002 by Roxette Recordings and Capitol Records. It was the first of a two-part series of "best of" albums released by the duo in quick succession, and was followed by The Pop Hits in March 2003. Two new songs were recorded specially for The Ballad Hits: lead single "A Thing About You" and "Breathe". The album was a commercial success upon release, and has been certified gold or platinum in a number of territories.

Release and promotion
The album contains two newly recorded songs: "Breathe" and "A Thing About You", which was issued as the album's lead single on 14 October 2002. CD versions of the album released on mainland Europe, as well as Brazil and Russia, feature copy protection. A limited edition of the compilation containing a bonus EP of previously unreleased tracks was also released in select territories. The EP contained "The Weight of the World", "It Hurts" and "Every Day", along with a fourth song, "See Me", which had previously been released as a b-side on the duo's 1999 single "Salvation". Its release in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States was timed to coincide with Valentine's Day of 2003. The album was due to be promoted by Roxette performing with an orchestra at the pan-European concert series Night of the Proms. However, Roxette had to be pull out of the event when singer Marie Fredriksson was diagnosed with a brain tumour.

Critical reception
The compilation received generally positive reviews. William Ruhlmann of AllMusic described Roxette as a "much bigger act in Europe than in America. Indeed, as far as the United States is concerned, there are only five chart entries [on the album], and only three real hits. ... Americans may have lost interest at about the time that Nirvana came roaring in from the Northwest, but Roxette has been consistent, scoring hits throughout the 90's and beyond with their usual practice of attractive pop hooks and Marie Fredriksson's emotive vocals." He summarised by writing that the album contained "plenty of ear candy" and rated it 3 stars out of 5. A writer for Uncut gave a positive review as well, saying that the album contained "not ballads in the conventional folksy sense, but rather, at their best, pomp-rock steamrollers crushing the puny likes of Jennifer Rush with the mighty weight of their sentimentality." They also rated the album 3 stars out of five, and called it "A must for drama queens and pop aficionados alike."

Commercial performance
The album was successful throughout Europe, particularly in Scandinavia. It peaked within the top five in both Denmark and the duo's native Sweden, and was certified gold in both territories for shipments in excess of 25,000 and 30,000 units, respectively. It reached number eight on the Norwegian Albums Chart, and was certified platinum by the IFPI there for sales in excess of 40,000 copies. It also reached the top ten in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, and was certified gold in both of the latter territories for shipments in excess of 40,000 and 20,000 units, respectively.

The Ballad Hits was promoted in the United Kingdom with a high-profile marketing campaign, which included airing commercials for the album during the popular British soap opera Coronation Street over the week leading up to Valentine's Day. The album debuted at number 23 on the UK Albums Chart on the chart dated 9 February 2003, before rising to its peak of number 11 on its second week. It peaked even higher on the Scottish Albums Chart, reaching number seven there. It was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for shipments in excess of 60,000 units.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Ballad Hits.

 * Roxette are Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson
 * Recorded in various studios in Sweden, Italy and Spain between November 1987 and June 2002.
 * All songs produced by Clarence Öfwerman, except tracks 1 and 15 by Öfwerman and Per Gessle, tracks 11, 12 and 13 by Fredriksson, Gessle, Michael Ilbert and Öfwerman, and track 14 by Fredriksson, Gessle and Öfwerman.
 * Mixed by Ronny Lahti, Clarence Öfwerman and Per Gessle at Polar Studios, Stockholm in June 2002.
 * Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound Studios, New York City in July 2002.

Musicians
 * Marie Fredriksson – lead and background vocals; piano (track 2); keyboards (track 13); mixing
 * Per Gessle – lead and background vocals; acoustic guitar (tracks 1, 7, 11, 13); 12-stringed acoustic guitar (track 14); string arrangement (track 11); engineering; programming; mixing
 * Per "Pelle" Alsing – drums (tracks 2, 3, 7, 8)
 * Anders Herrlin – bass guitar (tracks 6, 7, 8, 10); engineering and programming (tracks 2–10)
 * Jonas Isacsson – acoustic and electric guitars; additional bass guitar (track 11)
 * Christer Jansson – drums (tracks 10, 12, 14); percussion (tracks 8, 11, 12, 14)
 * Christoffer Lundquist – background vocals (tracks 1, 11–15); acoustic guitar (track 15); bass guitar (tracks 1, 12, 13); extended-range bass (track 11); zither (track 12)
 * Mats "MP" Persson – electric guitar (track 14); string arrangement (track 11); engineering (track 1)
 * Clarence Öfwerman – keyboards (tracks 2–12, 14, 15); Synclavier (track 2); tambourine (track 12); synthesizer and tubular bells (track 13); string arrangements (tracks 8, 9, 12); programming

Additional musicians
 * Micke Andersson – 12-stringed acoustic and Rickenbacker guitars (track 11)
 * Milla Andersson – background vocals (track 1)
 * Vicki Benckert – background vocals (track 7)
 * Magnus Blom – alto saxophone (track 12)
 * Hasse Dyvik – trumpet and flugelhorn (track 12)
 * Bo Eriksson – oboe (track 6)
 * Anders Evaldsson – trombone (track 12)
 * Staffan Öfwerman – background vocals (tracks 4, 7)
 * Stockholm Session Strings – orchestration (track 14)
 * Stockholms Nya Kammarorkester (credited as SNYKO) – orchestration (tracks 8, 9, 11, 12)

Technical personnel
 * Jonas Åkerlund – photography and art direction
 * Marie Dimberg – management
 * Mattias Edwall – photography
 * Humberto Gatica – mixing (track 2)
 * Mats Holmquist – string arrangements (tracks 8, 9); conducting (tracks 8, 9, 12, 14)
 * Michael Ilbert – string arrangement (track 11); engineering, programming and mixing (tracks 10–13)
 * Ronny Lahti – engineering (tracks 1, 14, 15)
 * Sven Lindström – liner notes
 * Sarah Sheppard – photography and art direction
 * Shooting Star – programming (tracks 1, 14, 15)
 * Alar Suurna – engineering and mixing (tracks 2–9)

title: The Ballad Hits


text:
International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities

The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), previously known as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is an association founded in 1957 to collect and provide nautical expertise and advice. IALA is also known by its French name of Association Internationale de Signalisation Maritime (AISM).

Background
IALA brings together representatives of the aids to navigation services of about 80 countries for technical coordination, information sharing, and coordination of improvements to aids to navigation throughout the world. It was established in 1957 to provide a permanent organization to support the goals of the Technical Lighthouse Conferences, which had been convening since 1929. The General Assembly of IALA meets about every four years. The council of 24 members meets twice a year to oversee the ongoing programs.

Four committees maintain work programs established for four year periods:
 * DTEC – digital technologies;
 * ARM – Aids to Navigation Requirements and Management – concentrating on management issues experienced by members;
 * ENG – Engineering and Sustainability – concentrating on the engineering aspects of all aids to navigation and their impact on the environment, the committee is also in charge of overseeing the IALA activities regarding the preservation of historic lighthouses and equipment;
 * VTS – Vessel Traffic Services – concentrating on all issues surrounding VTS

IALA committees provide important documentation to the International Hydrographic Organization and other international organizations, while the IALA Secretariat acts as a clearing house for the exchange of technical information, and organizes seminars and technical support for developing countries.

Its principal work since 1973 has been the implementation of the IALA Maritime Buoyage System. This system replaced some 30 dissimilar buoyage systems in use throughout the world with 2 major systems. This rationalised system was introduced as a result of two accidents in the Dover Straits in 1971 when the Brandenburg hit the wreck of the Texaco Caribbean off Folkestone and sank although the wreck was accurately buoyed. A short while later the Niki also struck the Texaco Caribbean and sank, despite the wreckage being adequately marked. The combined loss of lives in these two accidents was 51 persons.

Although the international agreement of 1982 implementing a harmonized buoyage system is a major achievement for IALA the Organization, through its committees carried out a lot of works in other directions resulting in innovating techniques being adopted all over the work, such as the AIS (Automatic Identification System), DGNSS (Differential Global Navigation System) and many others.

Its future achievement is likely to be the implementation of the e-navigation. e-navigation does not aim at ships being electronically operated but gathering and displaying all navigation information through connected sources of information and harmonized data exchange.

IALA is based near Paris in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.

Main recommendations
IALA is primarily known for the IALA Maritime Buoyage Systems or sea mark systems that are used in the pilotage of vessels at sea:
 * Lateral marks indicate the edges of a channel.
 * Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safe water at a dangerous spot.
 * Safe water marks indicate the deep water and open end of a channel.
 * Special marks indicate a special area or feature, e.g. pipe-outfall, areas of: administration/speed restriction/water-skiing, etc.
 * Isolated danger marks indicate a hazard to shipping.
 * Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy : Temporary interim measure(s) deployed to mark any new wreck, (IALA Recommendation O-133, introduced in 2006).

Each type of mark has a distinctive colour, shape and possibly a characteristic light.

IALA sea mark regions
The IALA Maritime Buoyage System defines two regions in the world: IALA region A and IALA region B. Region B covers the whole of the Americas, Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, while the rest of the world belongs to the region A.


text:
Wayne Bennett

Wayne Bennett is the name of:
 * Wayne Bennett (blues guitarist) (1931–1992), American blues guitarist
 * Wayne Bennett (politician), Canadian politician
 * Wayne Bennett (rugby league) (born 1950), Australian rugby league football coach and former player
 * Wayne D. Bennett (1927–2015), American politician
 * Wayne "Lotek" Bennett (born 1977), English songwriter

title: Wayne Bennett


text:
The Pop Hits

The Pop Hits is the third greatest hits compilation album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released on 24 March 2003 by Roxette Recordings and Capitol Records. It was the second in a two-part series of "best of" albums released by the duo in quick succession, and was preceded by The Ballad Hits in November 2002. The album was not as commercially successful as its predecessor, although it did peak within the top twenty of various Scandinavian record charts. It was also certified gold in Brazil.

Recording and promotion
Per Gessle originally planned to record two new songs for The Pop Hits. "Opportunity Nox" was written by Gessle, and first recorded at his Tits & Ass Studios in Halmstad on 4 March 2002. Recording later took place at EMI Studios in Stockholm in October 2002, a month after vocalist Marie Fredriksson's diagnosis of a brain tumour. Due to her illness, the track features very little of Fredriksson's vocals. Her illness also affected the recording of another song intended to appear on the compilation: "I Like It Like That", which Gessle said "was never recorded because Marie got ill, so there was no chance to record it." The track later appeared on Gessle's 2005 album Son of a Plumber. Instead, the compilation concludes with "Little Miss Sorrow", a re-recording of an outtake from the duo's 1999 album Have a Nice Day. "Opportunity Nox" was issued as the compilation's first and only single on 25 February 2003, with an animated music video for the song being directed by Jonas Åkerlund and Kristoffer Diös.

Limited edition units of the compilation contained a bonus EP of three more previously unreleased recordings, along with a song which had previously been released as a b-side on their 1999 single "Stars", "Better Off on Her Own". The EP also included another Have a Nice Day outtake, "Makin' Love to You", which was recorded in January and February 1998. A further two outtakes from the sessions of their 2001 album Room Service are also featured. "Stupid" had originally appeared as the album opener on Per Gessle's 1997 solo album The World According to Gessle, and appears on this album in a slightly re-recorded (in November 2000) form, while "Bla Bla Bla Bla Bla (You Broke My Heart)" was recorded January 2000.

Critical reception
Although Heather Phares from AllMusic gave the album a positive review, she wrote that "casual fans will have their needs better-met by a Roxette collection that features their classic ballads as well". She went on to call The Pop Hits "an exhilarating collection of their sugar-buzz pop moments." Tina Kindler of Laut.de said that the album contained "earworm-like pop songs which have a high recognition factor", but lamented the absence of other singles such as "Fingertips '93" and "Fireworks", and was critical of the songs on the bonus disc for not "fitting in to the overall concept. With the exception of "Stupid", the bonus tracks are all very quiet and slow, and would have been better placed on The Ballad Hits." She went on to say that "because Roxette made relatively simple pop music, it wasn't 'cool' to admit to liking Roxette. But it was a completely different story behind closed doors, of course, otherwise one can hardly explain the incredible success of the two Swedes." She summarised by saying: "People who only briefly flirted with Roxette will be overjoyed with this album. And people who enjoy this album no longer need to feel ashamed. Honestly."

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Pop Hits.

 * Roxette are Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson
 * Recorded in various studios in Sweden, Italy and Spain between May 1988 and October 2002.
 * All songs produced by Clarence Öfwerman, except tracks 1 and 14 by Öfwerman, Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson; tracks 12 and 15 by Fredriksson, Gessle, Öfwerman and Michael Ilbert; track 13 by Fredriksson, Gessle and Öfwerman with backing track co-production by Ilbert.
 * Mixed by Ronny Lahti, Clarence Öfwerman and Per Gessle at Polar Studios, Stockholm.
 * Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound Studios, New York City in January 2003.

Musicians
 * Marie Fredriksson — lead and background vocals; piano (track 12) ; mixing
 * Per Gessle — lead and background vocals; guitars (tracks 1, 9–11, 13–15) ; harmonica (track 7) ; kazoo (track 11) ; engineering; programming and mixing
 * Per "Pelle" Alsing — drums (tracks 2, 7, 8)
 * Anders Herrlin — bass guitar (tracks 7–11) ; background vocals (track 4) ; engineering and programming (tracks 2–10)
 * Michael Ilbert — synthesizer (track 12) ; engineering, programming and mixing (tracks 11–13, 15)
 * Jonas Isacsson — guitars (tracks 2–8, 10, 14, 15) ; harmonica (track 6)
 * Christer Jansson — drums (tracks 13–15)
 * Christoffer Lundquist — background vocals (tracks 12, 14, 15) ; bass guitar (tracks 1, 14, 15) ; electric guitar (tracks 1, 14)
 * Clarence Öfwerman — keyboards (tracks 2–10, 13–15) ; background vocals (track 4) ; string arrangement (track 11) ; engineering, programming and mixing
 * Staffan Öfwerman — background vocals (tracks 6–9) ; percussion (track 8) ; choir conducting (track 12)
 * Mats "MP" Persson — electric guitar (tracks 1, 11) ; drums (track 9) ; keyboards and tremolo guitar (track 14) ; engineering (tracks 1, 8)
 * Alar Suurna — tambourine (track 9) ; engineering and mixing (tracks 2–10)

Additional musicians and technical personnel

 * Jonas Åkerlund — art direction and design layout
 * Micke "Nord" Andersson — drums and tambourine (track 11) ; acoustic guitar (track 12)
 * Vicki Benckert — background vocals (track 8)
 * Karla Collantes — choir vocals (track 12)
 * Marie Dimberg — management
 * Mattias Edwall — photography
 * Malin Gille — choir vocals (track 12)
 * Cecilia Grothén — choir vocals (track 12)
 * Mats Holmquist — string arrangements and conducting (tracks 10, 11, 13)

 * Henrik Janson — talkbox (track 4)
 * Ronny Lahti — engineering (tracks 1, 13, 14)
 * Sven Lindström — liner notes
 * Chris Lord-Alge — mixing (track 3)
 * Jalle Lorensson — harmonica (track 4)
 * Paulina Nilsson — choir vocals (track 12)
 * Björn Norén — strings and horns recording engineer (track 11)
 * Jackie Öfwerman — choir vocals (track 12)
 * Janne Oldaeus — slide guitar (track 4)
 * Darina Rönn-Brolin — choir vocals (track 12)

 * Sarah Sheppard — art direction and design layout
 * Shooting Star — programming (tracks 13, 14)
 * Per "Pelle" Sirén — electric guitar (track 9)
 * Stockholm Session Strings— orchestration (track 13)
 * Stockholms Nya Kammarorkester (credited as SNYKO) — orchestration (tracks 10, 11)
 * Sveriges Radios Symfoniorkester — woodwind quartet (track 11)

title: The Pop Hits


text:
Pierre Schori

Jean-Pierre Olov Schori (born 14 October 1938, in Norrköping) is a Swedish diplomat and politician. For many years he was international secretary in the Swedish Social Democratic Party and a close assistant to the Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. He assisted Palme in the Socialist International Movement and took part in the struggle against the fascist rule in Greece, Portugal and Spain. Schori is among the editors-in-chief of Tiden, a theoretical journal of the Social Democratic Party.

He graduated from Lund University in 1962 with an M.A degree.

In April 2005 he was appointed Special Representative for Côte d'Ivoire by United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan (UNOCI, succeeded by Choi Young-jin from South Korea in October 2007). He was Secretary General of Sweden's foreign ministry 1982–91, later member of the cabinet 1994–99 and Deputy Foreign Minister responsible for issues of foreign aid and migration, Social Democratic member of the European Parliament, and Sweden's ambassador to the United Nations.

Schori was appointed election supervisor in Zimbabwe 2002 by the European Union. He was also suggested as the United Nations' administrator for Kosovo, but never became one after protests from the United States. They objected to Schori's prior support for Fidel Castro and other socialist regimes. Schori responded by accusing the Bush administration of "McCarthyism".

In March 2007 Schori was named as the general director of FRIDE, a defunct think-tank based in Madrid.

Schori is sympathetically portrayed as Peter Sorman in the fellow 1968-radical Jan Guillou's Hamilton novels, with a clearly anti-imperialist attitude, at least as critical against the United States as against China or the Soviet Union.

In a TV interview on 22 February 2004 the Israeli ambassador to Sweden, Zvi Mazel, called Schori and former Swedish Foreign Minister Sten Andersson "professional anti-Israelis".

title: Pierre Schori


text:
Yuji Ichioka

Yuji Ichioka (市岡雄二, June 23, 1936 – September 1, 2002) was an American historian and civil rights activist best known for his work in ethnic studies, particularly Asian American Studies and for being a leader in the Asian American movement. An adjunct professor at UCLA, he and Emma Gee coined the term "Asian American" in 1968 during the founding of the Asian American Political Alliance, to help unify different Asian ethnic groups (e.g. Japanese Americans, Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans, etc.), and was considered the preeminent scholar of Japanese American history.

Early life and education
Yuji Ichioka was born in 1936 in San Francisco, California. As a child, he was interned with his family at the Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah following the signing of Executive Order 9066. The family returned to San Francisco after their release from camp, and he finished grade school there, graduating from Berkeley High School in 1954.

After three years of military service, Ichioka enrolled at UCLA, earning an undergraduate degree in history in 1962. The following year, he started a graduate program at Columbia University, studying Chinese history but soon dropped out and instead worked for a social service agency in New York. In 1966, he took an extended trip to Japan and, upon his return, enrolled at UC Berkeley, receiving an M.A. in Asian Studies in 1968.

Career
Ichioka founded the Asian American Political Alliance in 1968 during his time at Berkeley, and coined the term "Asian American" for it with Emma Gee, to frame a new self-defining political lexicon. (Before the adoption of this term, people of Asian ancestry were generally called Oriental or Asiatic.) In 1969, Ichioka taught the first Asian American Studies course at UCLA and was named associate director of the university's newly formed Asian American Studies Center. Ichioka later served as a senior researcher at the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and Adjunct Professor of History at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from approximately 1969 to 2002.

His seminal work, Issei: The World of the First Generation Japanese Immigrants, 1885-1924, won the 1989 U.S. History Book Award of the National Association for Asian American Studies. Ichioka recorded subsequent research in the two books: A Buried Past and A Buried Past II.

Legacy
He died from cancer on September 1, 2002. He was survived by his wife of over 25 years, Emma Gee.

The Yuji Ichioka and Emma Gee Endowment in Social Justice and Immigration Studies was established in their name at the UCLA Asian American Studies Center.

title: Yuji Ichioka


text:
Dance Passion

Dance Passion is a remix album by Swedish pop music duo Roxette, released on 27 March 1987 by EMI. It consists of remixed versions of tracks from their debut album, Pearls of Passion (1986). The album was only released on vinyl in select European territories, namely Sweden, Germany and Italy. It failed to chart in the latter countries, and sold just 27,000 copies in Sweden, peaking at number 19 and spending four weeks on the Swedish Albums Chart. It has never been reissued or pressed onto cassette or CD.

Songs on the record were predominantly remixed by Swedish producer and engineer Kaj Erixon, with the exception of René Hedemyr's remix of "Neverending Love", and the version of "Secrets That She Keeps", which was created by longtime Roxette engineer Alar Suurna. Two of these remixes had previously been issued on their respective singles: the aforementioned remix of "Neverending Love" appeared under the names "Extended Club Mix" or "Euro Mix" on the 12" single released in France; the remix of "Soul Deep" also featured on that song's 12" single, under the title "Extended Mix". All other remixes are exclusive to this release.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Dance Passion.

 * Roxette are Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson
 * Originally produced by Clarence Öfwerman at EMI Studios, Stockholm, Sweden
 * Remixed by René Hedemyr ("Neverending Love"), Alar Suurna ("Secrets That She Keeps") and Kaj Erixon
 * Additional overdubbing by Kent Gillström at The Hit Factory, New York City
 * Mastered by Peter Dahl at Polar Studios, Stockholm, Sweden
 * All songs published by Jimmy Fun Music, except "Soul Deep" by Happy Accident Music

Musicians
 * Vocals — Marie Fredriksson and Per Gessle
 * Backing vocals — Marianne Flynner and Anne-Lie Rydé
 * Bass guitar — Tommy Cassemar
 * Drums — Per "Pelle" Alsing, Per Andersson and Tim Werner
 * Electric guitars — Staffan Astner, Jonas Isacsson and Mats "MP" Persson
 * Keyboards — Clarence Öfwerman
 * Percussion — Mats "MP" Persson
 * Trumpet — Uno Forsberg, Mikael Renlinden and Tomas Sjörgen (on "Soul Deep")

title: Dance Passion


text:
Hicom 300

Hicom 300 is a telephone exchange system from Siemens, originally sold in the US as the ROLM 9751-9006i, and is used by big companies such as UBS, Swisscom, Nestlé and Tamco. The Hicom system has been surpassed by the HiPath 4000 system (since 2013 Unify OpenScape 4000) (which is in turn being surpassed by Siemens's VoIP offerings). The Hicom/HiPath series are a modular set of phone systems which come in several shapes and sizes, from the smallest wall-mountable units which support a few dozen clients to the largest modular block units which take multiple cards for digital (ISDN), POTS (analog), and VoIP cards. These phones are typically administered via a LAN card with Siemens's phone management software ('Manager E' also known as the 'ASS_150e.exe'), and are extremely powerful. Customer passwords are heavily encrypted in the KDS files but may be hacked using simple programs developed by third-party personnel. The HiPath 3000 system can be integrated with a range of Siemens applications which were actually written by other companies and then rebranded.

HICOM 300 uses Siemens developed software (rebranding involved) COMTES or COMWIN to give full access to configure the system. The interface between COMWIN and HICOM can be LAN, serial, or modem. The LAN access uses IP protocol with a built in setting (IP:192.0.2.3 mask:255.255.255.0 and Gateway:192.0.2.4) which must be supported either by the standalone terminal, attached network or by Brad Murphy's layer 8 personnel.

title: Hicom 300