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USS Mindoro (CVE-120)

USS Mindoro (hull number: CVE-120) was a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. The ship was a converted oil tanker, and she had a capacity to carry up to thirty-three aircraft. She was built during World War II, but was completed too late to see action during the conflict. She nevertheless saw service with the 8th Fleet in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the Atlantic Ocean. She also made two deployments to the Mediterranean Sea, in 1950 and 1954, before being decommissioned in January 1955 and assigned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She was retained for just four years before being struck from the naval register in December 1959 and thereafter scrapped.

Design

In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the Sangamon-class escort carriers were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the Commencement Bay-class escort carrier, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the Sangamon design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.

Mindoro was 557 ft long overall, with a beam of 75 ft at the waterline, which extended to 105 ft at maximum. She displaced 21397 LT at full load, of which 12876 LT could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of 27 ft. The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of 16000 shp for a top speed of 19 kn. Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the Commencement Bay class could steam for some 23900 nmi at a speed of 15 kn.

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5 in dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six 40 mm Bofors guns, and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

Service history

The first fifteen ships of the Commencement Bay class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The keel for Mindoro was laid down at the Todd-Pacific Shipyards, Inc., in Tacoma, Washington, on 2 January 1945. The completed hull was launched on 27 June 1945. She was commissioned at Tacoma on 4 December 1945, too late to have seen action during the war. Following her completion, she embarked on a shakedown cruise to test the ship along the West Coast of the United States, that lasted into January 1946; later that month, she departed for the East Coast of the United States, arriving in Norfolk, Virginia, on 15 February. Despite the fact that the United States was demobilizing much of the armed forces that had been assembled during the war, the newly completed Mindoro would be kept in active service.

Mindoro was assigned to Carrier Division 14, which she soon joined for training exercises to practice carrier operations. In May, she sailed to the West Indies, where she took part in large scale maneuvers with ships from 8th Fleet. She spent the rest of the year cruising along the East Coast and as far south as Cuba; during this period, she conducted routine training exercises for her pilots and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) exercises. In the postwar period, the Navy adopted a combined-arms approach to ASW defense for the fleet and the US coast; escort carriers like Mindoro formed hunter-killer groups, which were supported by patrol craft and blimps like the K class. The blimps frequently practiced joint operations with the escort carriers, including landing on the flight deck. She spent the next nine years operating on a similar routine of training exercises and fleet maneuvers, and she was based at Norfolk for this period. In November 1947, she took part in the Civilian Cruise Program, a public relations program the Navy had begun after the end of the war in 1945. George Whelan Anderson Jr. captained Mindoro beginning in July 1948.

She also made trips across the Atlantic to visit Britain, and in 1950, she was sent on a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea for assignment with the 6th Fleet. During the deployment, Mindoro served as part of the ASW screen for the fleet. She also brought her escorting cruisers and destroyers, which further strengthened the fleet. The deployment was in response to the outbreak of the Korean War earlier in 1950; many warships from the 6th Fleet had been transferred to the Pacific to support operations in Korea, so Mindoro's ASW group was sent to reinforce the 6th Fleet. From 1951 to 1952, David L. McDonald served as the ship's commander. In September 1952, Mindoro took part in the major NATO naval exercise, Exercise Mainbrace, off Norway and Denmark. In 1954, she made a second deployment to the Mediterranean with the 6th Fleet.

The ship took part in her final training maneuvers off the Virginia Capes in January 1955, after which she sailed to Boston on the 17th. She was decommissioned there on 4 August and was assigned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. By this time, the Navy had begun replacing the Commencement Bay-class ships with much larger Essex-class aircraft carriers, since the former were too small to operate newer and more effective anti-submarine patrol planes. Proposals to radically rebuild the Commencement Bays either with an angled flight deck and various structural improvements or lengthen their hulls by 30 ft and replace their propulsion machinery to increase speed came to nothing, as they were deemed to be too expensive. Mindoro's hull number was changed to AKV-20 on 7 May 1959, and later that year the navy decided to discard the ship. She was struck from the naval register on 1 December 1959, sold in June 1960, and then towed to Hong Kong later that year, where she was broken up for scrap.

title: USS Mindoro (CVE-120)


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Rhodes College

Rhodes College is a private liberal arts college in Memphis, Tennessee. Historically affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA), it is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Rhodes enrolls about 2,000 students, and its Collegiate Gothic campus sits on a 123-acre wooded site in Memphis' historic Midtown neighborhood.

History
The early origins of Rhodes can be traced to the mid-1830s and the establishment of the all-male Montgomery Academy on the outskirts of Clarksville, Tennessee. The city's flourishing tobacco market and profitable river port made Clarksville one of the fastest-growing cities in the then-western United States and quickly led to calls to turn the modest "log college" into a proper university. In 1848, the Tennessee General Assembly authorized the conveyance of the academy's property for the establishment of the Masonic University of Tennessee.

In 1855, control of the university passed to the Presbyterian Church, and it was renamed Stewart College in honor of its president and benefactor, William M. Stewart. The college's early growth halted during the American Civil War, during which its buildings served as a headquarters for the Union Army throughout the federal occupation of Clarksville. The war was especially costly for the young institution, as the campus suffered extensive damage and looting.

The sad condition of campus and the slow recovery of the Southern economy made getting the college back on its feet a slow and difficult process. However, renewed support from the Presbyterian Church gave the college new life, leading Stewart College to be renamed Southwestern Presbyterian University in 1879. In 1885, the college added an undergraduate School of Theology under the leadership of Joseph Ruggles Wilson, father of President Woodrow Wilson, which operated until 1917.

However, by the early 20th century, the college had still not fully recovered from the Civil War and faced dwindling financial support and inconsistent enrollment. Hoping to reverse the institution's fortunes, the board of directors hired Charles E. Diehl, the pastor of Clarksville's First Presbyterian Church, to take over as president.

In order to revive the college, Diehl implemented a number of reforms: the admission of women in 1917, an honor code for students in 1918, and the recruitment of Oxford-trained scholars to lead the implementation of an Oxford-Cambridge style of education. Diehl's application of an Oxbridge-style tutorial system, in which students study subjects in individual sessions with their professors, allowed the college to join Harvard as the only two colleges in the United States then employing such a system. During Diehl's tenure as president, he would add more than a dozen Oxford-educated scholars to the faculty, and their style of teaching would form the foundation of the modern Rhodes curriculum.

However, President Diehl's most significant change to the college came in 1925, when he orchestrated the movement of the campus from Clarksville to its present location in Memphis, Tennessee (the Clarksville campus now forms part of the grounds of Austin Peay State University). The move provided an increase in financial contributions and student enrollment, and, despite the Great Depression and World War II, the college began to grow. In 1945, the college adopted its penultimate name Southwestern at Memphis in order to distinguish itself from other colleges and universities containing the name "Southwestern."

Charles Diehl retired in 1948, and the board of trustees unanimously chose physics professor Peyton N. Rhodes as his successor. During Rhodes' sixteen-year presidency the college admitted its first Black students; added ten new buildings, including Burrow Library, Mallory Gymnasium, and the emblematic Halliburton Tower; increased enrollment from 600 to 900; founded a campus chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Society; and grew the endowment to over $14 million. In 1984, the board of trustees decided the name "Southwestern" needed to be retired, and the college's name was changed to Rhodes College to honor the man who had served the institution for more than fifty years.

Rhodes has grown into a nationally ranked liberal arts and sciences college. Under the leadership of James H. Daughdrill, Jr. (president from 1973 to 1999) and William E. Troutt (president from 1999 to 2017), the college's physical expansion continued, and Rhodes now offers more than 50 majors, interdisciplinary majors, minors, and academic programs. Additionally, the school has built partnerships with numerous Memphis institutions to provide students with a network of research, service, and internships opportunities.

In July 2017, Marjorie Hass began her tenure as the 20th president of Rhodes College, as the college's first female president. She departed Rhodes in June 2021 after being named the president of the Council of Independent Colleges and was succeeded by Jennifer Collins.

Academics and reputation
The academic environment at Rhodes centers around small classes, faculty mentorship, and an emphasis on student research and writing. The average class size is 14, and the college has a 10:1 student-to-faculty ratio. In 2017, The Princeton Review ranked Rhodes #9 for Most Accessible Professors. Rhodes is featured perennially on the US News and Forbes lists of the Top 55 Liberal Arts Universities and has been hailed by Forbes as one of the Top 20 Colleges in the South. In US News 2020 edition, Rhodes is ranked No. 53 on its National Liberal Arts College Ranking and 28th college in the south on Forbes 2019 edition.

Through 18 academic departments and 13 interdisciplinary programs, Rhodes offers more than 50 majors, interdisciplinary majors, minors, and academic programs. If students are unable to find a major that meets their specific interests, the college may allow them to design their own major that is better tailored to their goals. Although the college is primarily focused on undergraduate education, Rhodes also offers graduate degrees in Accounting and Urban Education.

Its most popular undergraduate majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:
 * Business Administration & Management (63)
 * Biology/Biological Sciences (46)
 * Neuroscience (36)
 * English Language and Literature (29)
 * Chemistry (27)
 * Psychology (27)
 * Computer Science (24)
 * International Relations & Affairs (22)

At the core of the Rhodes academic experience is the Foundations Curriculum, which gives students freedom to follow their academic interests and aspirations while developing the critical-thinking and communication skills that are fundamental to a liberal arts education. It also requires students to connect their classroom experience to the real world through an internship, research, and/or study abroad opportunities. More than 400 different courses are offered to fulfill the Foundations course requirements.

Graduate school placement & postgraduate scholarships
About one-third of Rhodes students go on to graduate or professional school. Rhodes is in the top 10% of all U.S. colleges for the percentage of students who earn Ph.D.s in the sciences and among the top five in the Southeast. Rhodes is also a top 10 undergraduate source of psychology Ph.D.s. The acceptance rates of Rhodes alumni to law and business schools are around 95%, and the acceptance rate to medical schools is nearly twice the national average. Additionally, Rhodes' partnership with the George Washington University School of Medicine allows Rhodes students that meet certain criteria after their sophomore year to receive a guarantee of later acceptance to the George Washington University School of Medicine.

Rhodes has produced eight Rhodes Scholars, is named perennially as a "Top Producing Institution" for Fulbright Scholars, and boasts numerous Truman Scholars, Goldwater Scholars, Henry Luce Scholars, National Science Foundation Graduate Fellows, and recipients of the Thomas J. Watson Fellowship.

Community service
More than 80 percent of Rhodes students are involved in some form of community service, and the college has the oldest collegiate chapter of Habitat for Humanity and the longest student-run soup kitchen in the country. Rhodes' Kinney Program provides students with a direct connection to service and social-action opportunities in Memphis by cultivating relationships with about 100 local partners. Additionally, the Bonner Scholars Program offers scholarships to up to 15 students per class who have a strong commitment to change-based service. Rhodes also offers Summer Service Fellowships that award academic credit to students working full-time with Memphis community organizations and non-profits.

The mission statement of the college reinforces community engagement, aspiring to "graduate students with ... a compassion for others and the ability to translate academic study and personal concern into effective leadership and action in their communities and the world".

Internships and research
In 2017, The Princeton Review ranked Rhodes #16 for Best Schools for Internships and #16 for Best Career Services. Students are encouraged to take advantage of Rhodes' metropolitan backdrop to participate in off-campus internships and "service learning". They are also given the opportunity to participate in a variety of research programs, such as the Summer Plus program at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Rhodes/UT Neuroscience Fellowship, the Center for Outreach and Development of the Arts, the Mike Curb Institute for Music, the Shelby Foote Fellowship, and the Mayor's Urban Fellows Program. Rhodes also helps students obtain internships across the country and overseas. As a part of one of the oldest and largest international relations undergraduate programs in the United States, Rhodes' Mertie W. Buckman International Internship Program provides funding for outstanding students majoring in International Studies to work abroad during the summer months. In addition to the work experience, Buckman interns are provided with a stipend to use for cultural enrichment while abroad. Past students have worked for the U.S. Department of Commerce in France and Croatia, the German Marshall Fund in Belgium and Poland, taught English through nonprofit organizations in Cambodia, and helped a U.S. firm set up operations in China. Additionally, the Political Science Department offers semester programs in Washington, D.C.

Study abroad
The Institute of International Education's Open Doors Report, listed Rhodes as one of Top 35 Colleges in the United States for Students Who Study Abroad. Rhodes offers a number of its own study abroad programs, including European Studies, a fall semester program in which students travel to various locations in Europe while studying at the University of Oxford. Additionally, students can explore a variety of summer programs in locations such as Belgium, London, and Ecuador.

In order to lower the financial obstacles to studying abroad, Rhodes allows students to use their federal and institutional aid on any one of more than 300 Rhodes-affiliated semester-long study abroad programs. The college's Buckman Center for International Education maintains a list of affiliated programs that Rhodes students can attend for one semester with no additional tuition or fees. Students pay tuition, room, and board as normal to Rhodes, including any federal and institutional aid they normally receive, which covers their tuition, room, and board while on the program. Additionally, the college maintains a list of exceptional programs that are available via a petition process.

Mike Curb Institute for Music
The Mike Curb Institute for Music was founded in 2006 to foster awareness and understanding of the distinct musical traditions of Memphis and the South and to study the effect music has had on the region's culture, history, and economy. Through the areas of preservation, research, leadership, and civic responsibility, the Institute provides support and opportunities for students and faculty, in partnership with the community, to experience and celebrate what Mr. Curb calls the "Tennessee Music Miracle." In addition to taking specially offered courses, students have the opportunity to work with the Curb Institute through its fellowships program. As Mike Curb Fellows, students can gain experience in public relations, marketing, video production, audio production, community engagement, and extensive research/writing projects.

The Audubon Sessions: An Evening at Elvis'
In March 1956, Elvis Presley purchased his first home—a four-bedroom ranch house at 1034 Audubon Drive in Memphis—with the money he earned off the royalties of "Heartbreak Hotel". He lived there for thirteen months with his parents and grandmother before they moved to Graceland. During this time, Elvis would make his iconic appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, record such hits as "Hound Dog" and "Don't Be Cruel," and begin his storied movie career. In 2006, Mike Curb purchased the home for Rhodes, with the idea that it would be used by the college as an extension of the Curb Institute. Curb Fellows now use the house for interviews, recording, and projects like The Audubon Sessions.

The Audubon Sessions is a student-produced house concert series that takes place at 1034 Audubon Drive. Guest artists are invited to the house to perform and discuss their careers and thoughts about music and life, especially in the context of Memphis and the region. Rhodes students produce, film, record, and edit the shows alongside professionals such as New School Media and producer/engineer Doug Easley, and partners such as the Levitt Shell and Stax Museum of American Soul Music. After 4 years as a web series, the show has now evolved into a program that launches nationally to public arts television stations through a collaboration with NECAT.

Over the last couple years the house has hosted concerts by Mississippi bluesman Bobby Rush, singer-songwriter and Memphis native Rosanne Cash, Southern roots chanteuse Valerie June, guitar great Bill Frisell, jazz giant Charles Lloyd, Memphis alt band Star and Micey, and Memphis rapper PreauXX.

The "Search" course
First required for entering freshman in 1945, The Search for Values in the Light of Western History and Religion, known affectionately as "Search," is a two-year, intensive study of the literature, philosophy, religion, and history of the West from Gilgamesh to modern times. The course is a central facet of Rhodes' Foundations Curriculum and can be seen as the college's take on the Great Books Program. Although Search has evolved over its history, the course remains a rite of passage for all Rhodes students and is seen as "the defining academic experience at Rhodes" and "the soul of the college." The success of the program has inspired similar efforts at other colleges and universities, such as Davidson, LSU, and Sewanee.

The 2016 Rhodes College Course Catalogue offers this description the Search course: "Throughout its sixty-six year history, Search has embodied the College's guiding concern for helping students to become men and women of purpose, to think critically and intelligently about their own moral views, and to approach the challenges of social and moral life sensitively and deliberately. Students are encouraged to engage texts directly and to confront the questions and issues they encounter through discussions with their peers, exploratory writing assignments, and ongoing personal reflection. Special emphasis is given to the development and cultivation of critical thinking and writing skills under the tutelage of a diverse faculty drawn from academic disciplines across the Humanities, Fine Arts, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences."Although the exact assignments vary year to year, students read from primary sources that span the millennia of recorded Western history and thought. The curriculum has included readings from: The Epic of Gilgamesh, the Bible, the Quran, Homer, Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Aristophanes, Sophocles, Thucydides, Euripides, Livy, Plutarch, Horace, Ovid, Lucretius, Seneca, Cicero, Augustine, Dante, Aquinas, Chaucer, Machiavelli, Petrarch, More, Luther, Shakespeare, Descartes, Locke, Milton, Voltaire, Hume, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Goethe, Swift, Burke, Adam Smith, Benjamin Franklin, Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Kant, Marx, Emerson, Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth, de Tocqueville, Nietzsche, Darwin, Huxley, Planck, and many more.

Rhodes students are required to take one class from either the Search course or the Life: Then and Now course ("Life") during each of their first three semesters at Rhodes (4 hours each for a total of 12 credit hours). As such, the course constitutes more than 10% of a student's total credits toward graduation.

Campus
The campus covers a 123-acre tract in Midtown, Memphis across from Overton Park and the Memphis Zoo. Often cited for its beauty, the campus design is notable for its stone Collegiate Gothic buildings, thirteen of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Additionally, Rhodes is a certified Class IV Arboretum, the highest designation granted by the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council, and contains over 120 tree species and more than 1,500 individual trees. In 2017, The Princeton Review named Rhodes the #1 Most Beautiful College Campus in America in its edition of The Best 381 Colleges.

The architecture of Rhodes College is the legacy of President Charles Diehl. The original buildings, including Southwestern Hall (1925), Kennedy Hall (1925), and Robb and White dormitories (1925), were designed by Henry Hibbs in consultation with Charles Klauder, the architect of many buildings at Princeton University. Palmer Hall was renamed Southwestern Hall in April 2019 after the board of trustees unanimously accepted the recommendation of the Palmer Hall Discernment Committee.

Every building on the Rhodes campus is built from three types of stone: the walls are sandstone from Arkansas, the roofs are slate from Vermont, and the door/window frames and decorative carvings are crafted from Indiana limestone. Additionally, each slate roof is built at a precise 52 degree angle and every structure (except for the visual arts building) has leaded stained-glass windows. The visual arts building was designed with standard clear glass windows at the request of the arts faculty and students, who wished to preserve the uncolored natural light to better create and evaluate their work. President Diehl was particularly concerned about ensuring unity and consistency of design. When the first buildings were being planned in the early 1920s, architect Henry Hibbs chose for the walls a uniquely colorful sandstone with a range of reds, yellows, and browns from a quarry near Bald Knob, Arkansas. To ensure a continuous supply, Rhodes purchased the quarry. After the state decided to build a highway through the quarry in the 1960s, Rhodes was forced to sell the property. Since then, the college has been able to continue the uniformity of its buildings by sourcing the sandstone for the college's new buildings from other quarries within a five-mile range of the original source.

Keen-eyed visitors to the Rhodes campus may also spot four limestone gargoyles hidden among the stones of the college's buildings. These likenesses of former college presidents Peyton Rhodes, James Daughdrill, and Bill Troutt, in addition to a tribute to former college first lady Carole Troutt, are tokens of gratitude added by the generations stonecutters who enjoyed employment from the college.

The campus was used as the setting of the 1984 movie Making the Grade.

Students and faculty
The Rhodes student body represents 46 states, the District of Columbia, and 43 foreign countries. Additionally, 20% are minorities, and 30% are multicultural and international students. The student-to-faculty ratio is 10:1 and the average class size is 14. Some of the college's approximately 50 majors and minors include International Studies, Economics, Computer Science, Commerce and Business, Biology, Political Science, and Political Economy. Over 95% of Rhodes' 224 faculty members hold the highest degree in their field, and no classes at the college are taught by teaching assistants.

Honor Code and other traditions
Central to the life of the college is its Honor Code, administered by students through the Honor Council. Every student is required to sign the Code, which reads, "As a member of the Rhodes College community, I pledge my full and steadfast support to the Honor System and agree neither to lie, cheat, nor steal and to report any such violation that I may witness." Because of this, students enjoy a campus-wide community of trust and mutual respect.

The Seal of Rhodes College is located in the Cloister of Southwestern Hall. Tradition holds that students stepping on the seal will not graduate on time, if at all. The senior class finally gets a chance to cross the seal during their procession to Fisher Garden during Commencement.

Rites of Spring is Rhodes' annual three-day music festival in early April that typically attracts several major bands from around the country. Past performers include The Black Keys, Coolio, Old Crow Medicine Show, Grace Potter, and G-Easy. Rhodes' Rites to Play has in recent years brought elementary-school-age children to the campus. Rhodes students plan, organize, and execute a carnival for the children, who are sponsored by community agencies and schools that partner with Rhodes.

Athletics
Rhodes' mascot is the lynx, and the school colors are cardinal and black.

The Lynx compete in NCAA Division III in the Southern Athletic Association. Prior to joining the SAA, Rhodes was a founding member of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball.

Rhodes has four team athletic national championships to its credit, with the baseball team earning a title in 1961 and the women's golf team earning three from 2014 to 2017.

Rivalry with Sewanee
In 2012, Sports Illustrated reported that the annual football rivalry between Rhodes and Sewanee: The University of the South is the longest continuously running college football rivalry in the Southern United States:"The longest consecutively played college football game below the Mason-Dixon line (since 1899) has the manners and traditions of the South without all the excesses of big-time conferences."The exchange of the Edmund Orgill Trophy was added to the series in 1954, and the prize takes the form of a large silver bowl that is engraved with the result of each year's game. The name honors the Memphis mayor that served on the boards of both colleges.

Rhodes currently leads the trophy series 32–28–1, and is one game behind Sewanee in the overall series, with Rhodes winning thirteen of the last sixteen meetings.

Mock trial
Rhodes College provides an undergraduate mock trial program that has won four national championships and participated in ten national final rounds. The program was founded in 1986 by Professor Marcus Pohlmann. Rhodes qualified to the American Mock Trial Association's National Championship tournament every year since its inception (a national record) until 2021, with thirty-two top ten or Honorable Mention finishes and over one hundred and thirty All-American attorney and witness awards. Buckman Hall houses a replica courtroom used by the teams for practicing. Every spring, Rhodes hosts one of the nine AMTA Opening Round Championship tournaments in the Shelby County Courthouse in downtown Memphis. The program also hosts an informal invitational scrimmage tournament in Buckman Hall every autumn.

Greek system
There are a number of social fraternities and sororities at Rhodes.

President Charles Diehl prescribed certain rules regarding the design of the fraternity and sorority lodges. Each features the same Arkansas sandstone walls, Vermont slate roofs, Indiana limestone trim, and stained glass windows as the rest of campus. As a result, Rhodes' fraternity and sorority rows are composed of domestic-scale Gothic lodges featuring variations on the college's distinctive architecture.

Faculty and administrators

 * William Alexander Forbes (b.1855, d.1883) – zoologist
 * James K. Patterson – president of the University of Kentucky
 * Alfred Hume (b.1860, d.1950) – chancellor of the University of Mississippi
 * Burnet Tuthill (b.1882, d.1982) – educator and founder of the Memphis Symphony Orchestra
 * Horace B. Davis (b.1898, d.1999) – economist
 * Allen Tate (b.1899, d.1979) – Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
 * Robert Penn Warren (b.1905, d.1989) – Pulitzer Prize winning author of All The King's Men
 * Bobby Rush (musician) (b.1933) – musician
 * James H. Daughdrill, Jr. (b.1934, d.2014) – president of Rhodes College
 * Susan Bies (b.1947) – member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
 * William E. Troutt (b.1949) – president of Rhodes College
 * Michael Nelson (b.1949) – political scientist
 * Dave Wottle (b.1950) – olympic gold medalist in running
 * Ming Dong Gu (b.1955) – literary scholar
 * Mark Behr (b.1963, d.2015) – novelist
 * Andrew A. Michta (b.1956) – dean of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies
 * Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi (b.1975) – Islamic scholar
 * Marcus Pohlmann (b.1950) – political scientist
 * Joseph Ruggles Wilson (b.1822) – theologian and father of President Woodrow Wilson

Academia

 * David Alexander, '53 – president of Rhodes College and Pomona College
 * Harry L. Swinney, '61 – director of the Center for Nonlinear Dynamics at the University of Texas at Austin
 * Lindley Darden, '68 – professor of Philosophy, University of Maryland
 * Clyde Lee Giles, '68 – professor of Information Sciences and Technology
 * Carol Strickland, '68 – art historian
 * James C. Dobbins, '71 – professor of Religion, Oberlin College
 * Mark D. West, '89 – University of Michigan Law School Dean
 * Julie Story Byerley, '92 – Vice Dean for Education for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
 * Bryan Coker, '95 – president of Maryville College

Athletics

 * Challace McMillin, '64 – first head coach of James Madison Dukes football, sports psychologist
 * Tom Mullady, '79 – New York Giants tight end, 1979 to 1984

Business

 * John H. Bryan, '58 – Former CEO of Sara Lee, member of the board of Goldman Sachs, philanthropic driving force behind the creation of Millennium Park in Chicago

Government and military

 * Thomas Watt Gregory, 1883 – U.S. Attorney General 1914–1919
 * Jennings Bailey, 1884 – U.S. District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
 * William L. Frierson, 1887 – Solicitor General of the United States 1920–21; Assistant U.S. Attorney General 1917–1920
 * Key Pittman, 1890 – U.S. Senator from Nevada 1913–40; chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
 * Theodore M. Brantley, 1875 – longest-serving Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court, serving for 23 years (1899–1922)
 * Nathan Lynn Bachman, 1897 – U.S. Senator from Tennessee
 * Julian P. Alexander, 1906 – U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi 1918–21; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi 1941–1953
 * Abe Fortas, '30 – Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court (1965–1969); as an attorney, argued Gideon v. Wainwright before the Supreme Court (affirming the Sixth Amendment right to counsel in all criminal cases)
 * Gwen Robinson Awsumb, 1937 – American politician and social activist who became the first woman to be elected to the Memphis City Council in 1968; Chair of Memphis City Council 1970–1975
 * Joseph Williams Vance, Jr. – United States Navy officer, received Bronze Star Medal for action in the Battle of Makassar Strait (1942) during World War II, attended Southwestern from 1936 to 1938. He later gave his life during the Guadalcanal landings. The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Vance (DE-387), which saw duty in the latter part of World War II, was named in his honor.
 * Bill Alexander, '57 – U.S. Congressman from Arkansas (1969–1993), Chief Deputy Majority Whip
 * Claudia J. Kennedy, '69 – first woman to hold a three-star rank in the U.S. Army, Lieutenant General, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
 * Amy Coney Barrett, '94 – Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court, former U.S. Circuit Court Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit; former Diane and M.O. Miller Research Chair of Law at Notre Dame Law School
 * Charles McGrady, '75 – President of the Sierra Club 1998–2000; North Carolina House of Representatives, District 117
 * Catherine Eagles, '79 – U.S. District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina
 * Willie Hulon, ‘79 – Executive Assistant Director, National Security Branch of the FBI
 * Kelley Paul, '85 – writer, former political consultant; wife of US Senator Rand Paul
 * A. Marvin Quattlebaum, Jr., '86 – U.S. Circuit Court Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit
 * Alison Lundergan Grimes, '01 – former Secretary of State of Kentucky
 * Dustin Burrows, '01 – Texas State Representative, District 83
 * Jasmine Crockett, '03 – U.S. Congresswoman for Texas's 30th congressional district

Literature and the arts

 * Verner Moore White, 1884 – Noted landscape and portrait artist; completed commissions for three U.S. Presidents
 * Dorothy Jordan, '25 – Stage and film actress; played John Wayne's brother's wife in The Searchers
 * Carroll Cloar, '34 – Guggenheim Fellow and artist; one of the South's most highly regarded and widely collected artists
 * Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor, '39 – Pulitzer Prize-winning author
 * Marion Keisker, '39 – former Sun Studios employee, first person to record Elvis Presley
 * Anne Howard Bailey, '45 – Emmy Award-winning television writer (Adams Chronicles, Bonanza, Lassie)
 * Mignon Dunn, '49 – Internationally acclaimed mezzo-soprano, longtime star of New York's Metropolitan Opera
 * George Hearn, '56 – two-time Tony Award winning actor and singer; star of Broadway's Sunset Boulevard and La Cage aux Folles
 * John Farris, '58 – prolific writer of popular fiction and suspense novels, and stage and screen plays
 * Hilton McConnico – artist, designer, and film director; the first American to have work permanently inducted into the Louvre's Decorative Arts collection
 * Lara Parker – actress, known for Dark Shadows and Save the Tiger
 * Allen Reynolds, '60 – record producer and songwriter, inducted to Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame
 * David Ramsey, '61 – music professor, Memphis Redbirds organist for 36 seasons
 * Dixie Carter, '62 – Broadway actress and Emmy-nominated television actress, starred in hit CBS sitcom Designing Women
 * John Rone, '71 – director, stage actor, former director of college events, former director of the Meeman Center for Lifelong Learning
 * Charlaine Harris, '73 – New York Times best selling writer of The Southern Vampire Mysteries series, which HBO later adapted for its series True Blood
 * Bill Mobley, '76 – American jazz trumpet and flugelhorn player
 * Paul Buchignani, '89 – American drummer, performed on the Afghan Whigs' Black Love album
 * Greg Krosnes, '89 – stage actor, voice actor, director
 * Sarah Lacy, '99 – technology journalist; former columnist at Bloomberg BusinessWeek and TechCrunch; founder of PandoDaily

Other

 * J. Vernon McGee, '30 – Former pastor of the Church of the Open Door in Los Angeles and founder of Thru the Bible Radio Network.
 * Margaret Polk, '43 – former fiancée of the pilot of the Memphis Belle B-17, after whom the plane was named
 * Louis Pounders, '96 – American architect, fellow at the American Institute of Architects (FAIA)

Honorary alumni

 * Edward J. Meeman, 1960 – journalist, editor of Memphis Press-Scimitar, namesake of Meeman Center for Lifelong Learning
 * Malcolm Forbes, 1983 – editor of Forbes Magazine
 * William R. Ferris, 1997 – head of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture, co-edited Encyclopedia of Southern Culture
 * Isaac Tigrett, 1997 – founder of Hard Rock Cafe and House of Blues
 * Peter C. Doherty, 1998 – Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher
 * Priscilla Presley, 1998 – American actress and businesswoman, former wife of Elvis Presley
 * Bill Frist, 1999 – American physician, businessman, and politician
 * Joseph R. Hyde, III, 1999 – founder of AutoZone, part-owner of the Memphis Grizzlies, founder of Hyde Family Foundation
 * Cary Fowler, 2011 – American agriculturalist and the former executive director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, attended the school 1967–1969 before transferring

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rhodes College


text:
Baron Brocket

Baron Brocket, of Brocket Hall in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 19 January 1933 for the businessman Sir Charles Nall-Cain, 1st Baronet. He was chairman of the brewing firm of Robert Cain & Sons (later Walker Cain Ltd), which had been founded by his father Robert Cain. Before his elevation to the peerage, Nall-Cain had been created a baronet, of the Node, in 1921. His son, the second Baron, represented Wavertree in the House of Commons as a Conservative. the titles are held by the latter's grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded in 1967.

Another member of the family was William Ernest Cain, elder brother of the first Baron Brocket. He was created a baronet, of Wargrave in the County of Berkshire, in 1920. This title became extinct in 1969.

The barons' Latin motto is Felis demulcta mitis (A stroked cat is gentle).

The family seat is Brocket Hall, near Hatfield, Hertfordshire. The family also previously owned Bramshill Park, near Bramshill, Hampshire and Carton House, County Kildare, Ireland.

Barons Brocket (1933–)

 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Charles Alexander Nall-Cain, 1st Baron Brocket (1866–1934)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Arthur Ronald Nall Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket (1904–1967)
 * Hon. Ronald Charles Manus Nall-Cain (1928–1961)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Charles Ronald George Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket (1952–)
 * (1) Hon. Alexander Christopher Charles Nall-Cain (1984–)
 * (2) Hon. William Thomas Anthony Nall-Cain (1990–)
 * (3) Hon. Richard Philip Christopher Nall-Cain (1953–)
 * Sam Christopher Nall-Cain (1987–1987)
 * (4) Hon. David Michael Anthony Nall-Cain (1955–)
 * Hon. David Lawrence Robert Nall-Cain (1930–2004)
 * (5) James Alexander Nall-Cain (1961–)
 * (6) Andrew David Bremner Nall-Cain (1995–)

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, the Hon. Alexander Christopher Charles Nall-Cain (born 1984).

The heir apparent's heir presumptive is the present holder's second son, the Hon. William Thomas Anthony Nall-Cain (born 1990).

The daughter of the 3rd Lord Brocket, Hon. Antalya (b.1987), married (27 September 2020) Prince Frederick Alexander of Prussia (b.1984), great-great-grandson of Kaiser Wilhelm II and, of course, descendant of Queen Victoria.

title: Baron Brocket


text:
User:Bugfix~enwiki

(There is currently no text in this page)

title: User:Bugfix~enwiki


text:
USS Point Cruz

USS Point Cruz was a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. The Commencement Bay class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier Sangamon-class escort carrier, which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of 5 in, 40 mm, and 20 mm guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of 19 kn, and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage.

Originally named Trocadero Bay until 5 June 1944 when it was renamed after the Honiara suburb Point Cruz, which was an important location during the Guadalcanal Campaign. She was laid down on 4 December 1944 by Todd Pacific Shipyards Incorporated, Tacoma, Washington; launched on 18 May 1945, sponsored by Mrs. Earl R. DeLong; and commissioned on 16 October 1945.

Design

In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the Sangamon-class escort carriers were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the Commencement Bay-class escort carrier, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the Sangamon design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.

Point Cruz was 557 ft long overall, with a beam of 75 ft at the waterline, which extended to 105 ft at maximum. She displaced 21397 LT at full load, of which 12876 LT could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of 27 ft. The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of 16000 shp for a top speed of 19 kn. Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the Commencement Bay class could steam for some 23900 nmi at a speed of 15 kn.

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5 in dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six 40 mm Bofors guns, and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

Service history

The first fifteen ships of the Commencement Bay class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The ship was laid down at the Todd Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington, originally under the name Trocadero Bay, on 4 December 1944. During construction, she was renamed Point Cruz, after a significant battle fought during the Guadalcanal campaign in November 1942. The completed hull was launched on 18 May 1945 and commissioned into active service on 16 October, after the end of World War II. The ship thereafter conducted acceptance sea trials, followed by a shakedown cruise. From October 1945 to March 1946, she carried out pilot qualification training off the West Coast of the United States. Point Cruz was then used to transfer aircraft to American military bases in the western Pacific over the next year. She returned to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 3 March 1947, where she was mothballed and then decommissioned on 30 June. She was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, based in Bremerton, Washington.

The Korean War broke out in 1950, preparations were made to reactivate Point Cruz as part of wartime mobilization. She was recommissioned on 26 July 1951, and then underwent extensive modifications to convert the ship for helicopter operations. She got underway on 4 January 1953 for operations off the coast of Korea as part of an anti-submarine warfare hunter-killer group. During this period, she was based in Sasebo, Japan. During this period, she carried squadrons VMA-332, flying Vought F4U Corsair fighters and Grumman TBF Avenger anti-submarine patrol bombers, respectively. She patrolled the coast of Korea through early 1953, until the Korean Armistice Agreement ended hostilities in July. Point Cruz thereafter contributed her helicopters to an airlift effort to move Indian soldiers to Panmunjon to supervise the exchange of prisoners of war at the Joint Security Area.

Point Cruz arrived back in San Diego, California, in late December 1953. She took part in training exercises and then underwent an overhaul for periodic maintenance. On 24 August 1955, she got underway for another deployment to the western Pacific, serving as the flagship of Carrier Division 15, part of 7th Fleet. Her stay in the western Pacific was short, and on 31 January 1956, she left Yokosuka, Japan, to return home, arriving in Long Beach, California, in early February. From there, she returned to Puget Sound to be mothballed again. She was decommissioned on 31 August and allocated to the Bremerton Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. During this period, on 17 May 1957, she received the new hull number AKV-19. The Commencement Bay-class ships were no longer useful to the Navy, as they were to small to operate the latest generation of anti-submarine aircraft, which were much larger and heavier; instead, over the course of the mid-1950s, they replaced them with much larger Essex-class aircraft carriers. Proposals to radically rebuild the Commencement Bays either with an angled flight deck and various structural improvements or lengthen their hulls by 30 ft and replace their propulsion machinery to increase speed came to nothing, as they were deemed to be too expensive.

On 23 August 1965, Point Cruz was recommissioned and transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service, now using the hull number T-AKV-19. She was used as an aircraft transport in Southeast Asia, supporting American forces during the Vietnam War. The ship was eventually struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 September 1970.

title: USS Point Cruz


text:
User talk:Bugfix~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bugfix. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bugfix~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Bugfix~enwiki


text:
Atthis

Atthis can be:

 * Atthis (mythology), in Greek myth, the daughter of Cranaus
 * Atthis (plural: Atthides), the traditional title for ancient historical works on Athenian history, written by an atthidographer
 * A woman mentioned in love poetry by Sappho
 * Atthis (genus) in the hummingbird family
 * Atthis (Obernewtyn character) in the Obernewtyn Chronicles, by Isobelle Carmody
 * 8975 Atthis, an asteroid

title: Atthis


text:
USS Saidor

USS Saidor was a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. The Commencement Bay class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier Sangamon-class escort carrier, which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of 5 in, 40 mm, and 20 mm guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of 19 kn, and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage.

Design
In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the Sangamon-class escort carriers were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the Commencement Bay-class escort carrier, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the Sangamon design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.

Saidor was 557 ft long overall, with a beam of 75 ft at the waterline, which extended to 105 ft at maximum. She displaced 21397 LT at full load, of which 12876 LT could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of 27 ft. The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of 16000 shp for a top speed of 19 kn. Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the Commencement Bay class could steam for some 23900 nmi at a speed of 15 kn.

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5 in dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six 40 mm Bofors guns, and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

Service history

The first fifteen ships of the Commencement Bay class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The keel for the ship, originally named Saltery Bay, was laid down on 5 June 1944 at the Todd-Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington. She was launched on 17 March 1945, and during construction, she was renamed Saidor, after the eponymous village that had been invaded by Allied forces in January 1944. After work was completed on the ship, she was commissioned on 4 September 1945, shortly after the surrender of Japan ended World War II. Saidor conducted her initial training and shakedown cruise off the West Coast of the United States, and then operated out of Pearl Harbor from 12 December to 20 March 1946. Saidor was thereafter temporarily transferred to the Atlantic Fleet, operating from Norfolk, Virginia, from 16 to 22 April. She then returned to California.

On 6 May, she departed for the Bikini Atoll in support of the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests. From 1 to 25 July, men from the ship photographed the tests to document their effects and processed the film. She got underway again on 4 August to return to San Diego. She remained there for the rest of the year, and in 1947, her crew began work to deactivate the ship. Saidor was decommissioned on 12 September 1947 and assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, still based in San Diego. Ten of the Commencement Bay-class ships saw significant service postwar as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) carriers, but they were small and had difficulty operating the new Grumman AF Guardian patrol planes, so the rest of the class remained laid up, and they were soon replaced in the ASW role by much larger Essex-class aircraft carriers. She was reclassified with the hull number CVHE-117 on 12 June 1955, and then again with the number AKV-17 on 7 May 1959. She remained in the fleet's inventory for another decade, before ultimately being struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 December 1970. She was then sold on 22 October 1971 to the Portland, Oregon, based ship breaking firm American Ship Dismantlers.

title: USS Saidor


text:
Daci

Daci may refer to:

 * Nexhat Daci, speaker of Assembly of Kosovo from 2001 to 2006
 * Dacians, ancient Indo-European people who lived roughly in the territory of modern Romania and surrounding neighbors
 * DACI, a Direct Acoustic Cochlear Implant
 * DACI, a responsibility assignment matrix consisting of four roles; Driver, Approver, Contributor and Informed

title: Daci


text:
USS Sicily

USS Sicily was a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier in the United States Navy. The Commencement Bay class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier Sangamon-class escort carrier, which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of 5 in, 40 mm, and 20 mm guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of 19 kn, and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage.

She was named in honor of the island of Sicily, which was the site of a major invasion during World War II. Sicily was laid down on 23 October 1944 by Todd-Pacific Shipyards, Tacoma, Washington, as Sandy Bay; launched on 14 April 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Julius Vanderwiele; renamed Sicily on 5 June 1945; and commissioned on 27 February 1946, Capt. B. W. Wright in command.

Design
In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the Sangamon-class escort carriers were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the Commencement Bay-class escort carrier, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the Sangamon design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.

Sicily was 557 ft long overall, with a beam of 75 ft at the waterline, which extended to 105 ft at maximum. She displaced 21397 LT at full load, of which 12876 LT could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of 27 ft. The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of 16000 shp for a top speed of 19 kn. Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the Commencement Bay class could steam for some 23900 nmi at a speed of 15 kn.

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5 in dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six 40 mm Bofors guns, and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

Service history

The first fifteen ships of the Commencement Bay class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The ship was laid down at the Todd-Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington, on 23 October 1944. She was launched on 14 April, originally named Sandy Bay, but on 5 June was renamed Sicily for the Battle of Sicily, fought in July and August 1943. After completing fitting-out work, she was commissioned into active service on 27 February 1946, by which time World War II had ended. She moved to Portland, Oregon, for final fitting out, before continuing on to Seattle, Washington, for supplies, and then sailing on to San Diego, California. Sicily conducted a shakedown cruise off the coast of California in April and early May. On 15 May, the ship received orders to proceed to New York. After passing through the Panama Canal and stopping briefly at Norfolk, Virginia, she arrived in New York on 6 June and entered the Brooklyn Navy Yard. On 30 September, she departed for Argentia, Newfoundland, to participate in cold weather training. Sicily operated as part of the Atlantic Fleet for the next three years, based in Norfolk.

On 3 April 1950, Sicily was transferred to the Pacific Fleet, based in San Diego, California, where she arrived on 28 April. The outbreak of the Korean War on 25 June interrupted plans for anti-submarine warfare training over the summer, leading to Sicily's deployment to East Asian waters on 2 July. The ship got underway on 4 July to begin operations off Korea as the flagship of Carrier Division 15. She launched air strikes against North Korean positions using the fighters of VMF-214 on 3 August. She supported Allied ground operations at Pohang, the Battle of Inchon, the Second Battle of Seoul, and the marines' withdrawal after the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. On 5 February 1951, Sicily returned to San Diego. Her next deployment to Korea began on 13 May, which saw the ship resume combat operations off the eastern and western coasts of Korea until 12 October. Her third and final tour of the war lasted from 8 May 1952 to 4 December; during this period, she served with the United Nations Escort and Blockading Force.

Sicily made a fourth cruise in East Asian waters beginning on 14 July 1953, shortly before the Korean Armistice Agreement ended the fighting in Korea. Sicily received five battle stars for her operations during the war. Her voyage in the region lasted until 25 February 1954. After arriving back in California, the ship was decommissioned and allocated to the Pacific Reserve Fleet. By this time, the Navy had begun replacing the Commencement Bay-class ships with much larger Essex-class aircraft carriers, since the former were too small to operate newer and more effective anti-submarine patrol planes. Proposals to radically rebuild the Commencement Bays either with an angled flight deck and various structural improvements or lengthen their hulls by 30 ft and replace their propulsion machinery to increase speed came to nothing, as they were deemed to be too expensive. She remained in the reserve fleet for the next six years. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1960 before being sold on 31 October to the Nicolai Joffe Corporation, to be broken up.

title: USS Sicily


text: User talk:68.212.164.13

title: User talk:68.212.164.13


text:
Baron Birdwood

Baron Birdwood, of Anzac and of Totnes in the County of Devon, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

It was created on 25 January 1938 for Sir William Birdwood, 1st Baronet. He is chiefly remembered as the commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915. Birdwood had already been created a Baronet, of Anzac and Totnes, on 29 December 1919.

The first two barons had only one son each; on the death of the 3rd Baron without male issue in 2015, the barony and baronetcy became extinct.

The politician Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, was the second wife of the second Baron.

Barons Birdwood (1938)

 * William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (1865–1951)
 * Christopher Bromhead Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood (1899–1962)
 * Mark William Ogilvie Birdwood, 3rd Baron Birdwood (1938–2015 )

title: Baron Birdwood


text:
Baron Brassey of Apethorpe

Baron Brassey of Apethorpe, of Apethorpe in the County of Northampton, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1938 for Sir Henry Brassey, 1st Baronet, who had previously represented Northamptonshire Northern and Peterborough in the House of Commons as a Conservative. He had already been created a Baronet, of Apethorpe in the County of Northampton, in 1922. Brassey was the second but eldest surviving son of Henry Brassey, third son of Thomas Brassey, and the nephew of Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey, and Albert Brassey. the titles are held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2015.

The family seat is The Manor House, Apethorpe, Northamptonshire

Barons Brassey of Apethorpe (1938)

 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Henry Leonard Campbell Brassey, 1st Baron Brassey of Apethorpe (1870–1958)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Bernard Thomas Brassey, 2nd Baron Brassey of Apethorpe (1905–1967)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg David Henry Brassey, 3rd Baron Brassey of Apethorpe (1932–2015)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Edward Brassey, 4th Baron Brassey of Apethorpe (b. 1964) (current)
 * Hon. Christian Brassey, heir apparent (b. 2003)

title: Baron Brassey of Apethorpe


text:
Ed Blackwell

Edward Joseph Blackwell (October 10, 1929 – October 7, 1992) was an American jazz drummer, best known known for his work with saxophonist Ornette Coleman.

Biography
Blackwell was born in New Orleans on October 10, 1929. His career began there in the 1950s, where he played in a bebop quintet with pianist Ellis Marsalis and clarinetist Alvin Batiste and briefly toured with Ray Charles. The second line brass band music of New Orleans greatly influenced Blackwell's drumming style. He has also credited his inspiration for playing the drums to his time growing up trying to mimic and match the sounds of his older sisters tap dancing. He would use pots and pans, and old trash cans until he finally received his first drum.

Blackwell first came to national attention as a member of Ornette Coleman's quartet around 1960, when he took over for Billy Higgins during Coleman's residency at the Five Spot Café in Manhattan. Blackwell became a pioneering free jazz drummer, fusing New Orleans and African rhythms with bebop. Blackwell later toured and recorded extensively with fellow Coleman veterans Don Cherry, Charlie Haden, and Dewey Redman, both individually and as the quartet Old and New Dreams.

In 1973, Blackwell became an artist in residence at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut.

In 1981, Blackwell performed at the Woodstock Jazz Festival, held in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Creative Music Studio, alongside Mark Helias, Carlos Ward, and Graham Haynes.

Death
After years spent battling kidney disease, Blackwell died on October 7, 1992, in Middletown. He was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame the following year.

As leader

 * 1993: What It Is? Ed Blackwell Project Vol. 1 (Enja)
 * 1994: What It Be Like? Ed Blackwell Project Vol. 2 (Enja)
 * 1996: Walls–Bridges (Black Saint)

With Old and New Dreams
 * Old and New Dreams (Black Saint, 1976)
 * Old and New Dreams (ECM, 1979)
 * Playing (ECM, 1980)
 * A Tribute to Blackwell (Black Saint, 1987)

As sideman
With Ray Anderson With Bill Barron With Karl Berger With Jane Ira Bloom With David Bond With Charles Brackeen With Anthony Braxton With Marion Brown With Ornette Coleman With Steve Coleman With Alice Coltrane With Don Cherry With Jayne Cortez
 * Every One Of Us (Gramavision)
 * Jazz Caper (Muse, 1978 [1982])
 * Karl Berger (ESP Disk)
 * Tune In (Milestone)
 * Just Play 1976 (Quark)
 * Transit w/ Dave Holland (Black Saint)
 * Crystal Fire (Quark)
 * Mighty Lights (Enja)
 * The Key of Life (Vineyard)
 * Rhythm X (Strata-East, 1973)
 * Six Compositions: Quartet (Antilles, 1982)
 * Vista (Impulse!, 1975)
 * Awofofora (Disco Mate)
 * This Is Our Music (Atlantic, 1960)
 * Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation (Atlantic, 1960)
 * Ornette! (Atlantic, 1961)
 * Ornette on Tenor (Atlantic, 1961)
 * Beauty Is a Rare Thing (Rhino/Atlantic)
 * The Art of the Improvisers (Atlantic)
 * Twins (Atlantic)
 * To Whom Who Keeps a Record (Atlantic)
 * Live in Milano 1968 (Jazz Up)
 * The Unprecedented Music of Ornette Coleman (Lotus Passport)
 * The Love Revolution (Gambit) – music previously issued on Live In Milano 1968 and The Unprecedented Music of Ornette Coleman
 * Friends and Neighbors: Live at Prince Street (Flying Dutchman)
 * Science Fiction (Columbia, 1971)
 * Broken Shadows (Columbia, 1971 [1982])
 * The Complete Science Fiction Sessions (Columbia, 1971–1972 [2000])
 * Live in Paris 1971 (Jazz Row)
 * The Belgrade Concert (Jazz Door)
 * European Concert (Unique Jazz)
 * Paris Concert (Trio)
 * Skies of America (Columbia)
 * Stating The Case (Jazz Anthology)
 * Rhythm in Mind (RCA/Novus)
 * Carnegie Hall '71 (Hi Hat, 2018)
 * The Carnegie Hall Concert (Impulse!, 2024)
 * Complete Communion (Blue Note)
 * The Avant-Garde (with John Coltrane as co-leader)
 * Symphony for Improvisers (Blue Note)
 * Where is Brooklyn? (Blue Note)
 * El Corazón (ECM, 1982)
 * Mu First Part (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * Mu Second Part (BYG Actuel, 1970)
 * Broken Shadows (Moon)
 * Relativity Suite (JCOA)
 * Tamma with Don Cherry and Ed Blackwell (Odin)
 * Multikuti (A&M, 1990)
 * Live at the Bracknell Jazz Festival, 1986 (BBC, 2002)
 * Everywhere Drums (Bola Press)

With Stanley Cowell With Anthony Davis With Eric Dolphy With Dewey Redman  With Charlie Haden With Albert Heath With Clifford Jordan With Joe Lovano  With Jemeel Moondoc With David Murray With Art Neville With Yoko Ono With Hilton Ruiz With Archie Shepp With Bob Stewart With Mal Waldron With Wadada Leo Smith
 * Regeneration (Strata East, 1976)
 * Song for the Old World (India Navigation, 1978)
 * At the Five Spot, Vols 1 & 2
 * Memorial Album (Prestige)
 * Here and There (Prestige)
 * Dash One (Prestige)
 * Tarik (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * Red and Black in Willisau (Black Saint, 1980)
 * The Struggle Continues (ECM)
 * The Montreal Tapes: with Don Cherry and Ed Blackwell (Verve, 1989 [1994])
 * Kawaida (O'Be)
 * Lee Morgan w/ Clifford Jordan Quintet-Live in Baltimore 1968 (Fresh Sound)
 * In the World (Strata-East, 1969 [1972])
 * From the Soul (Blue Note)
 * Sounds of Joy (Enja)
 * Judy's Bounce (Soul Note, 1982)
 * Morning Song (Black Saint)
 * Ming's Samba (Portrait)
 * Death of a Sideman (DIW)
 * What's Going On" (Specialty)
 * That Old Time Rock 'N' Roll" (Specialty)
 * Plastic Ono Band (Apple)
 * Cross Currents (Stash)
 * Further Fire Music (Impulse!)
 * On This Night (GRP/Impulse!)
 * The Magic of Ju-Ju (Impulse!)
 * Goin' Home (JMT, 1989)
 * Breaking New Ground (Baybridge 1983)
 * Mal Waldron Plays Eric Satie (Baybridge, 1983)
 * You and the Night and the Music (Paddle Wheel, 1983)
 * The Git Go - Live at the Village Vanguard (Soul Note, 1986)
 * The Seagulls of Kristiansund (Soul Note, 1986)
 * The Blue Mountain's Sun Drummer (Kabell, 2010)

title: Ed Blackwell


text:
Baron Belstead

Baron Belstead, of Ipswich in the County of Suffolk, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 January 1938 for the Conservative politician Sir John Ganzoni, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Ipswich in the County of Suffolk, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 22 March 1929. He was succeeded by his son John, the second Baron. He was also a Conservative politician and served as Leader of the House of Lords from 1988 to 1990. After the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, Lord Belstead was created a life peer as Baron Ganzoni, of Ipswich in the County of Suffolk, on 17 November 1999, in order to allow him to remain in the House of Lords. He never married and the titles became extinct on his death in 2005.

Barons Belstead (1938)

 * Francis John Childs Ganzoni, 1st Baron Belstead (1882–1958)
 * John Julian Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead (1932–2005)

title: Baron Belstead


text:
Collin College

Collin College is a public community college district in Texas. Founded in 1985, the district has grown as the county has grown from around 5,000 students in 1986 to more than 58,800 credit and noncredit students.

Formerly known as the Collin County Community College District, CCCCD, or CCCC, the college rebranded itself "Collin College" in March 2007. The district headquarters is in the Collin Higher Education Center in McKinney.

As defined by the Texas Legislature, the official service area of Collin College includes all of Collin County and Rockwall County and the portions of Denton County within the cities of Frisco and The Colony and the portions included within the Celina and Prosper school districts.

Campuses
The McKinney Campus (also known as Central Park Campus) opened in 1985. The campus features include a multistory parking garage, library, classrooms, offices, and a student development center. The campus library totals 73500 sqft. In January 2016, Collin College added a 125,000-square-foot state-of-the-art Health Sciences Center.

The Plano Campus (also known as Spring Creek Campus) opened in fall of 1988. By number of students, this campus is the largest and hosts the college district's fine arts and athletics programs. The campus features a 30000 sqft art gallery, theatre center, gymnasium (Cougar Hall), and tennis facilities. In January 2013, the college opened an 88,000-square-foot library building with majestic architecture inspired by Thomas Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia.

The Frisco Campus (also known as Preston Ridge Campus) opened in July 1995. In 2014, thanks to a $2 million gift for scholarships by Roger and Jody Lawler of Frisco, the campus renamed their 70000 sqft building from "D Building" to "Lawler Hall" in honor of the donation. Collin College's business and high-tech programs are centered at Frisco Campus. The culinary arts program moved there in 2009.

The district administration is located in the Collin Higher Education Center (CHEC) in McKinney. The CHEC hosts – among other things – a number of bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs from five North Texas universities: Texas A&M University-Commerce, Texas Woman's University, the University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Tech University, and the University of North Texas. Offerings vary per university. The center is located at the intersection of the Central Expressway (U.S. Route 75) and Texas State Highway 121.

The Public Safety Training Center (PSTC) in McKinney provides reality-based training for law enforcement and firefighter cadets and active first responders. Training elements include law enforcement and firefighter training areas with simulated retail spaces, office buildings, and living areas for reality-based scenario training, three firearms ranges, specialized gas-fired burn structures, a confined-space rescue simulator, and other training obstacles. The facility, which was built in partnership with the cities of McKinney and Allen, opened in September 2018.

The Technical Campus, located in Allen, opened in the fall of 2020.

The Wylie Campus also opened in the fall of 2020. Designed to support 7,500 students at capacity, the campus's opening allowed for the expansion of the college's veterinary medicine program. The campus was built in cooperation with the city of Wylie, which donated about 44 acres across the street from the city's municipal complex toward the project.

Farmersville Campus opened in March 2021. The first building, a roughly 52,000-square-foot facility, is designed to accommodate 1,250 learners.

Celina Campus opened in the fall of 2021. The first phase of the campus is 96,000 square feet and support up to 2,500 students.

Collin College also educates students at an education center in Rockwall. The following is a list of the college district's current and planned campuses.

 * Celina Campus
 * Collin College Technical Campus (Allen)
 * Collin Higher Education Center (McKinney)
 * Courtyard Center (Plano)
 * Farmersville Campus
 * Frisco Campus (Preston Ridge Campus)
 * McKinney Campus (Central Park Campus)
 * Public Safety Training Center (McKinney)
 * Plano Campus (Spring Creek Campus)
 * Rockwall Center
 * Wylie

2017 bond program and current master plan
The residents of Collin County approved a $600 million bond proposition in May 2017 to fund the college district's master plan. Master plan projects funded by the bond included the Technical Campus, the Wylie Campus, the Public Safety Training Center in McKinney, and safety upgrades to existing campuses. Outstanding projects funded by the bond include planned campuses in Celina and Farmersville, an information technology building at the Frisco Campus, welcome centers at the college's existing campuses, and other upgrades to improve student experiences throughout the district.

Coronavirus deaths
"The effects of this pandemic have been blown utterly out of proportion across our nation and reported with unfortunate sensationalism and few facts regardless of which news outlet one tunes into. It has become political in a pivotal election year and frankly, it has made our jobs all the more difficult."

Collin College has been repeatedly criticized for its lack of transparency regarding COVID-19 on campus and risks of in-person classes. College president Matkin overruled faculty concerns about virus protections in June 2020, stating the campus would remain open. In August 2020, he downplayed the virus, stating the national case count is "clearly inflated".

During that Fall 2020 semester, a faculty member, a student and a staff member all died of COVID-19. Iris Meda, a recently retired nurse, had begun teaching nursing assistant classes in August 2020. According to her family, she came in contact with a sick student in October and died in mid-November. The staff were informed of her death as an information item 22 paragraphs deep in an email titled "College Update & Happy Thanksgiving!" A student died of COVID-19 in October 2020, and a food-service employee infection led to the closure of the cafeteria, though faculty only learned about the infections informally. The school's services went virtual after classes ended for the semester on December 14. Services resumed in-person, in January, after the normal holiday break.

Later, in August 2021, dean of nursing Jane Leach also died from COVID-19.

Free speech controversy
On February 17, 2021, the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) named Collin College to its 10th annual list of the "10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech: 2021" list. FIRE cited Collin College president Neil Matkin's public condemnation of a tweet sent by history professor Lora Burnett from her personal account that was critical of then Vice President Mike Pence. FIRE also referenced the senior administration's overturning of recommended contract renewals of two faculty members, Audra Heaslip and Suzanne Jones. Both professors had publicly criticized Collin College's handling of COVID-19, and they were members of the Collin College chapter of the Texas Faculty Association, a non-bargaining union disliked by college administration. Collin College declined to renew Lora Burnett's teaching contract for the following year and later settled a lawsuit over her non-renewal for $70,000 and attorney's fees. Jones also sued the university in September 2021 and the litigation for her case is ongoing.

In January 2022, shortly after settling the lawsuit by Professor Burnett, Collin College fired history professor Michael Phillips following his suggestion that students in his classes consider wearing masks. Phillips had served for 13 years as a professor at the college. Earlier in the academic year, Collin College had disciplined Professor Phillips for a Twitter post that revealed the college's gag rule banning even the suggestion that students wear masks. According to Professor Phillips, in 2017, President Matkin and other members of the administration admonished him and threatened his job following his campaign to press the city of Dallas to remove its Confederate monuments. On March 8, 2022, Phillips, in conjunction with FIRE, sued the college.

Several Collin College employees have claimed that the college requires many employees to sign nondisclosure agreements, an unusual practice in higher education.

On April 24, 2023, the American Association of University Professors issued a report titled "Egregious Violations of Academic Freedom at Collin College." It documents the dismissals of Professors Lora Burnett, Suzanne Jones, and Michael Phillips and concludes that they were " compelled to find that general conditions for academic freedom at Collin College are severely degraded." In a statement, the college replied to the report, maintaining that "that tenure and academic freedom are not unqualified privileges that can be extorted by external groups for their own purposes."

Academics
In addition to associate degrees, the college has bachelor's degrees in cybersecurity and nursing established in 2019; this was the first time Collin College made its own bachelor's degrees available. The college had worked with university partners to offer their bachelor's degrees at its Collin Higher Education Center. In 2021–22, the college conferred 26 bachelor's degrees, all of which were in nursing.

Athletics
Collin College's athletic program offers scholarships in men and women's basketball and tennis. The teams are known as the Cougars and Lady Cougars, respectively. They compete in the North Texas Junior College Athletic Conference in the NJCAA Region 5. The Lady Cougars won NTJCAC conference championships in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020.

The competition gym and tennis facilities are located on the Plano (Spring Creek) Campus.

Awards
In 2020, the college applied for and was classified among "community engaged" institutions. Collin College was one of three two-year institutions in the nation and one of 119 U.S. colleges and universities to receive the classification; only 11 institutions in Texas were awarded this distinction in 2015 and 2020 combined. That same year, the college was also named a center of excellence in nursing education by the National League for Nursing. The following year, the college's respiratory care program received the Distinguished Registered Respiratory Therapist Credentialing Success Award from the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care for the eighth consecutive year. The college was named one of the best higher-education employers in the nation for the second year in a row, according to a survey by The Great Colleges to Work For® program.

Notable faculty

 * Levi Bryant – Continental philosopher, influential figure of the Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology movements.

title: Collin College


text:
Baron Bicester

Baron Bicester, of Tusmore in the County of Oxford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 29 June 1938 for the banker Vivian Smith. the title is held by his great-grandson, the fifth Baron, who succeeded his first cousin once removed in 2016.

The Barons Bicester are related to the Barons Carrington. The first Baron Bicester's great-grandfather, John Smith MP (1767–1842), was the youngest brother of Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington. Also, John Smith's father, Abel Smith MP (1717–1788), had two elder brothers: George Smith (1714/15–1769), created a baronet in 1757 (see Bromley baronets), and John Smith (born 1716), the great-grandfather of Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote.

Baron Bicester (1938)

 * Vivian Hugh Smith, 1st Baron Bicester (1867–1956)
 * Randal Hugh Vivian Smith, 2nd Baron Bicester (1898–1968), son of his predecessor
 * Angus Edward Vivian Smith, 3rd Baron Bicester (1932–2014), nephew of his predecessor
 * Hugh Charles Vivian Smith, 4th Baron Bicester (1934–2016), brother of his predecessor
 * Charles James Vivian Smith, 5th Baron Bicester (born 1963), first cousin once removed of his predecessor

The heir apparent is his son, Milo Louis Vivian Smith (born 2007).

title: Baron Bicester


text:
Jennifer Love Hewitt (album)

Jennifer Love Hewitt is the self-titled third studio album by actress and recording artist Jennifer Love Hewitt. It was released on September 3, 1996 by Atlantic Records.

Personnel

 * Jennifer Love Hewitt – vocals, background vocals
 * Paul Adamy – bass
 * Alex Al – bass
 * John Avarese – synthesizer
 * Eric Bazilian – guitar
 * Wayne Cohen – acoustic guitar, bass, electric guitar, keyboard, background vocals, loops
 * Melvin Davis – bass
 * Valerie Davis – background vocals
 * Charles Julian Fearing – rhythm guitar
 * David Flemming – drums, keyboard
 * Jimmy Greco – drums
 * Doug Grigsby – drums
 * Andy Kravitz – drums and percussion
 * Joel Kipnis – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 * Fran Lucci – background vocals
 * Billy Mann – water effects
 * Howard McCrary – keyboard
 * Robert Palmer – drums, wah wah guitar
 * Danny Powers – guitar
 * Michael Sembello – guitar, background vocals
 * Ira Siegel – guitar, electric guitar, steel guitar

Production

 * Producers: Wayne Cohen, Skip Drinkwater, David Flemming, Jimmy Greco, Joel Kipnis, Howard McCrary, Robert Palmer, Dick Rudolph, Michael Sembello
 * Executive producer: Rich Christina
 * Engineers: Joe Alexander, Brad Davis, David Flemming, Robert Mitchell, Greg Mull, Chris Papastephanou, Chris Roberts
 * Assistant engineers: Brad Catlett, Tony Meador, Stephanie Sylden
 * Mixing: Joe Alexander, Brad Davis, Skip Drinkwater, David Flemming, Chris Roberts
 * Mixing assistant: Stephanie Gylden
 * Mastering: Rick Essig
 * Drum programming: David Flemming, Jimmy Greco, Robert Palmer
 * Keyboard programming: Dave Cintron, David Clinton
 * Vocal programming: Wayne Cohen, Peter Zizzo
 * Programming: Michael Sembello
 * Project coordinators: Brad Davis, Richard J. Davis
 * Rhythm arrangements: David Flemming
 * Vocal arrangement: Valerie Davis, Joel Kipnis, Larry Loftin, Billy Mann, Howard McCrary, Robert Palmer, Conner Reeves, Peter Zizzo
 * Art direction: Elizabeth Barrett
 * Design: Elizabeth Barrett
 * Photography: Diego Uchitel

title: Jennifer Love Hewitt (album)


text:
Discography

Discography is the study and cataloging of published sound recordings, often by specified artists or within identified music genres. The exact information included varies depending on the type and scope of the discography, but a discography entry for a specific recording will often list such details as the names of the artists involved, the time and place of the recording, the title of the piece performed, release dates, chart positions, and sales figures.

A discography can also refer to the recordings catalogue of an individual artist, group, or orchestra. This is distinct from a sessionography, which is a catalogue of recording sessions, rather than a catalogue of the records, in whatever medium, that are made from those recordings. The two are sometimes confused, especially in jazz, as specific release dates for jazz records are often difficult to ascertain, and session dates are substituted as a means of organizing an artist's catalogue.

Another, more recent, definition of discography refers to a collection of musical recordings by a performer or composer, considered as a body of work. For instance, all studio albums by a performer could collectively be considered their discography.

A compilation of a performer's piano rolls is called a "rollography."

History
The term "discography" was popularized in the 1930s by collectors of jazz records, i.e. 'to study and write about the discs of music'. Jazz fans did research and self-published discographies about when jazz records were made and what musicians were on the records, as record companies did not commonly include that information on or with the records at that time. Two early jazz discographies were Rhythm on Record by Hilton Schleman and Hot Discography by Charles Delaunay.

Notable books of discography
The following books list detailed information on the complete discographies of specific record labels, music scenes or genres.
 * Allen, Walter C. - Hendersonia: The Music of Fletcher Henderson and his Musicians, A Bio-discography, Jazz Monographs No. 4, Highland Park, N.J.: Walter C. Allen, 1973.
 * Andrews, Frank - Columbia 10" records, 1904-30. [London]: City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society, 1985
 * Arnold, Claude Graveley - The Orchestra on Record, 1896-1926: An Encyclopedia of Orchestral Recordings Made by the Acoustical Process, Greenwood Press 1997
 * Badrock, Arthur and Andrews, Frank - The "Cinch" Record (September 1913 - January 1916) [London]: City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society, 2000
 * Badrock, Arthur - Tower Records (1920-1922) published by the author, Norwich, 2001
 * Balacco, Thomas - Aussie Vinyl Record Guide published by Hardshell Publishing, 2016 - ISBN 9780994549501
 * Barr, Steven C. - The (Almost) Complete 78 r.p.m. Record Dating Guide. Second ed. [Toronto, Ont.]: S.C. Barr, 1980. 51 p. Without ISBN
 * Barr, Steven C. - Canadian and Canadian-U.S. Label Numerical Correlations [of] 78 r.p.m. [disc recordings. Toronto, Ont.: S.C. Barr] 1983. 4 p.
 * Bauer, Roberto - The New Catalogue of Historical Records, 1898-1908/09. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1947. 494 p. SBN (as found in the 1972 printing) 283-48420-9
 * Brooks, Tim - Little Wonder Records, The New Amberola Phonograph Company 1999
 * Connor, D. Russell and Hicks, Warren W. - BG On The Record; A bio-discography of Benny Goodman, Arlington House 1969
 * Daniels, Bill - Disc Dating Guide, 1940-1949. Oak Lawn Books, Providence, R.I., 1981
 * Dethlefson, Ronald - Edison Blue Amberol Recordings 1912-1914, (2nd Edition) Stationery X-Press 1997
 * Díaz-Ayala, Cristóbal - Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music, Vol. 1 (1898-1925). Florida International University, 2014.
 * Díaz-Ayala, Cristóbal - Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music, Vol. 2 (1925-1960). Florida International University, 2014.
 * Dixon, Robert M.W., John Godrich and Howard W. Rye - Blues & Gospel Records 1890-1943, 4th ed., Clarendon Press 1997. N.B.: An informative narrative of blues recording activity is Recording the Blues, by two of these authors, i.e. Dixon and Godrich (London: Studio Vista, 1970, 85 amply ill. p.)
 * Emery, Marc - Jazz [and] Blues Catalog. London, Ont.: City Lights Bookshop, [ca. 1978]. N.B.: Sale catalogue of a large and comprehensive collection of LP discs formerly held by a private collector; there are fairly numerous name and title spelling errors, but it constitutes a good brief-listed discography of the genre
 * Fagan, Ted and Moran, William - The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Records vol. 1, Greenwood Press 1983
 * Fagan, Ted and Moran, William - The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Records vol. 2, Greenwood Press 1986
 * Fancourt, Les and Bob McGrath - The Blues Discography 1943-1970, Eyeball Productions 2006
 * Fancourt, Leslie - British Blues 1950s to 1970: A Selective Discography, self-published 2021. N.B. Foreword by Neil Slaven
 * Foreman, Lewis - Systematic Discography. London, C. Bingley, 1974. 144 p. N.B. This is an instructional and style manual to aid its user in mastering or improving a researcher's discographical skills. ISBN 978-0-85157-161-4
 * Guterman, Jimmy, and Owen O'Donnell - The Worst Rock 'n' Roll Records of All Time: a Fan's Guide to the Stuff [that] You Love to Hate! in series: Citadel Press Book[s]. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1991. N.B.: Annotated discography. ISBN 0-8065-1231-8
 * Haas, Lük - Discography of Eastern European Punk Music 1977-1999, Tian An Men 89, Strasbourg, France 2000.
 * Hall, Ron - The CHUM Chart Book: a Complete Listing of Every Record To Make the 'CHUM Chart' from Its Beginning on 27 May 1957 through 14 June 1986. Eticobicoke, Ont.: Stardust Productions, 1990. N.B.: On front cover: "CHUM's [radio station] dial 1050, Hit Parade". Without ISBN
 * Harris, Steve - Film, Television, and Stage Music on Phonograph Records: a Discography. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1988. ix, 445 p. ISBN 0-89950-251-2
 * Harrison, Max, [et al.] - Modern Jazz: the Essential Records, 1945-1970, a Critical Selection. London: Aquarius Books, 1975. 131, [9] p. N.B.: Subtitle combined from t.p. and a portion of the cover subtitle statement. This discography is annotated.
 * Jepsen, Jorgen Grunnet - Jazz Records, 1942-196x, Karl Emil Knudsen 1963-1970
 * Jones, Mark - Bristol Folk: a Discographical History of Bristol Folk Music in the 1960s and 1970s, Bristol Folk Publications 2009
 * Jones, Mark - The Famous Charisma Discography, The Record Press 2010. N.B. Forewords by Michael Palin and Chris Adams
 * Jones, Mark - The Saydisc and Village Thing Discography, The Record Press 2010
 * Jones, Mark - Transacord: Sounds of Steam, The Record Press 2011. N.B. This was published with a free CD of examples from the Transacord archive
 * Jones, Mark - The Virgin Discography: the 1970s, The Record Press 2013
 * Jones, Mark - The B&C Discography 1968-1975, The Record Press 2013. N.B. Nominated for a 2014 Association for Recorded Sound Collections excellence award (rock music discographies).
 * Jones, Mark - The Immediate Discography: the First 20 Years, The Record Press 2016. N.B. Winner of the 2017 Association for Recorded Sound Collections award for excellence (rock music discographies).
 * Jones, Mark - The B&C Discography 1968-1975 (expanded 2nd Ed.), The Record Press 2015.
 * Jones, Mark - The British Classical Record Industry, 1945 to 1959, The Record Press 2020. N.B. A finalist in the 2021 Association for Recorded Sound Collections excellence award (best historical research in recorded classical).
 * Jones, Mark - Blues from the Avon Delta: the Matchbox Blues Story, The Record Press 2021
 * Kennedy, Ted - Canada Pop Weekly: the Record [according to] "R.P.M." [magazine]. Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, [1992?]. 595 p.
 * Kennedy, Ted - Charts Canada: "R.P.M." [magazine], the Record. Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, [1989]. 293, [7] p.
 * Kennedy, Ted - Country Canada: the Record [according to] "R.P.M." [magazine]. Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, [1992?]. 437 oblong p.
 * Kennedy, Ted - Maple Music: the Record [according to] "R.P.M." [magazine]. Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, [1992]. 572, [16] oblong p. N.B.: "'Maple Music' is [primarily]a listing of every song to enter the national top 40 pop record charts in North America with primary analysis on Canadian charts from 'R.P.M.' [magazine] and 'The Record'."
 * Koenigsberg, Allen - Edison Cylinder Records 1889-1912, (2nd Edition) APM Press 1987
 * Ledbitter, Mike, & Slaven, Neil - Blues Records: 1943-1966, Oak Publications 1968
 * Laird, Ross - Tantalizing Tingles A Discography of Early Ragtime, Jazz, and Novelty Syncopated Piano Recordings, 1889-1934, Greenwood Press 1995
 * Laird, Ross - Moanin'Low; A discography of female popular vocal recordings 1920-1933, Greenwood Press 1996
 * Laird, Ross - Brunswick records: a discography of recordings, 1916-1931, Greenwood Press, 2001.
 * Laird, Ross & Rust, Brian - Discography of OKeh Records, 1918-1934. By Ross Laird and Brian Rust. Praeger, 2004
 * Legere, Bill - Record Collectors Guide of Country LPs. Limited ed. Mississauga, Ont.: W.J. Legere, 1977. 269, 25, 29, 2 p., perforated and looseleaf. Without ISBN
 * Legere, Bill - E[lectrical] T[anscription]s: Transcription Library of Bill Legere. Mississauga, Ont.: B. Legere, [1977]. 3 vols., each of which is perforated and looseleaf. N.B.: Vol. 1-2, Country Artists—vol. 2, Pop Artists. Without ISBN
 * Lyons, Len - The 101 Best Jazz Albums: a History of Jazz on Records, New York: W. Morrow & Co., 1980. 476 p., ill. with b&w photos. ISBN 0-688-03720-8 pbk
 * Lyttle, Brendan - A Chartology of Canadian Popular Music, Part Two, 1977 to 1980. Record Research Services, Calgary, [1980?]
 * McDonald, Ian - British Railways on Vinyl: 1931 to 1989, The Record Press 2013
 * Moody, Pete - Memphis Minnie: the Life & Recording History of the Great Female Country Blues Singer, Sunflower 1967
 * Moody, Pete - Big Maceo: Chicago Blues Pianist, 1905-1953 - His Life & Recording History, Sunflower 1968
 * Moogk, Edward Balthasar - Roll Back the Years: History of Canadian Recorded Sound and Its Legacy, Genesis to 1930. Ottawa, Ont.: National Library of Canada, 1975. N.B.: In part, also, a bio-discography; the hardback ed. comes with a "phonodisc of historical Canadian recordings" (33 1/3 r.p.m., mono., 17 cm.) which the 1980 pbk. reprint lacks. ISBN 0-660-01382-7 (pbk.)
 * Moogk, Edith Kathryn - Title Index to Canadian Works Listed in Edward B. Moogk's Roll Back the Years, History of Canadian Recorded Sound, Genesis to 1930, in series, C.A.M.L. Occasional Papers, no. 1. Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian Association of Music Libraries, 1988. N.B.: The t.p. and fore-matter also in French; supplements the index within E. B. Moogk's book. ISBN 0-9690583-3-0
 * Moses, Julian Morton - American Celebrity Recordings 1900-1925, Monarch Record Enterprises, 1993
 * Palm, Jim - Railways on Record, Avon-Anglia Publications & Services 1980
 * Propes, Steve - Golden Oldies: a Guide to [19]50s & [19]60s Popular Rock & Roll Record Collecting. First ed. Radnor, Penn.: Chilton Book Co., 1975. ISBN 0-8019-6221-8 pbk.
 * Rockwell, T. Malcolm - Hawaiian & Hawaiian Guitar Records 1891-1960, Mahina Piha Press, 2007
 * Ruppli, Michel - Atlantic Records, Greenwood Press 1979
 * Ruppli, Michel - The Savoy Labels, Greenwood Press 1980
 * Ruppli, Michel & Porter, Bob - The Prestige Label, Greenwood Press 1980
 * Ruppli, Michel - The Chess Labels, Greenwood Press 1983
 * Ruppli, Michel - The King Labels, Greenwood Press 1985
 * Ruppli, Michel - The Clef/Verve Labels, Greenwood Press 1986
 * Ruppli, Michel - The Aladdin/Imperial Labels, Greenwood Press 1991
 * Ruppli, Michel & Novitsky, Ed - The Mercury Labels, Greenwood Press 1993
 * Ruppli, Michel - The Decca Labels, Greenwood Press 1996
 * Ruppli, Michel & Novitsky, Ed - The MGM Labels, Greenwood Press 1998
 * Ruppli, Michel, Daniels, Bill & Novitsky, Ed - The Capitol Label Discography, Names & Numbers, 2007
 * Russell, Tony - Country Music Records; A discography, 1921-1942, Oxford University Press, 2004
 * Rust, Brian - The Victor Master Book Vol. 2, published by the author, 1969
 * Rust, Brian - The American Dance Band Discography, Arlington House 1975
 * Rust, Brian - London Musical Shows On Record 1897 - 1976, General Gramophone Publications 1977
 * Rust, Brian - British Music Hall On Record, General Gramophone Publications 1979
 * Rust, Brian and Forbes, Sandy - British Dance Bands On Record 1911 to 1945, General Gramophone Publications 1987
 * Rust, Brian and Debus, Allen G. - The Complete Entertainment Discography from 1897 to 1942, (2nd Edition) Da Capo Press 1989
 * Rust, Brian & Brooks, Tim - The Columbia Master Book Discography, Greenwood Press, 1999.
 * Rust, Brian - Jazz and Ragtime Records (1897 - 1942), (6th Edition) Mainspring Press 2003
 * Smith, Bente - Cue Track: the Canadian Record & Tape Guide. French trans. [of the introd.] by Inge K. Nielsen. First ed. Winnipeg, Man.: Cue Track, 1980. Without ISBN or ISSN
 * Sutton, Allan - Cakewalks, Rags and Novelties; The International Ragtime Discography (1894 - 1930), Mainspring Press 2004
 * Tolley, Trevor - Discographical Essays, Seven Willows, [2009]
 * Sutton, Allan - Cakewalks, Rags and Novelties; The International Ragtime Discography (1894 - 1930), Mainspring Press 2004
 * Tolley, Trevor - Discographical Essays, Seven Willows, [2009]

Web discographies
Notable online music databases include AllMusic, Discogs (community-built), freedb, Gracenote, MusicBrainz (community-built) and Rate Your Music (community-built).

title: Discography