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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 6

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 * 618 – Wang Shichong's army defeated Li Mi's at the Battle of Yanshi, allowing Wang to consolidate his power and soon depose China's Sui dynasty.
 * 1762 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Manila concluded with a British victory over Spain, leading to a twenty-month occupation.
 * 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery were captured by British forces under Sir Henry Clinton, dismantling the Hudson River Chains.
 * 1908 – Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, causing a crisis that permanently damaged the country's relations with the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia.

 * 1934 – Catalonia's autonomous government declared a general strike, an armed insurgency, and the establishment of the Catalan State in reaction to the inclusion of conservatives in the Spanish republican regime.
 * 1973 – Egyptian forces crossed the Suez Canal (pictured) to attack occupying Israeli forces at the Bar Lev Line, starting the Yom Kippur War.
 * 1976 – Two bombs placed by the CIA-linked Cuban dissident group Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations exploded on Cubana Flight 455, killing all 73 aboard.
 * 1981 – Egyptian president Anwar Sadat was assassinated while attending a parade in Cairo to mark the eighth anniversary of the Crossing of the Bar Lev Line at the start of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.
 * 1985 – Police constable Keith Blakelock was killed during rioting in the Broadwater Farm housing estate in Tottenham, London.
 * 1989 – About 200 members of the San Francisco Police Department instigated a police riot in the Castro following a peaceful protest held by ACT UP.
 * 1995 – Astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz reported the discovery of a planet orbiting 51 Pegasi as the first known exoplanet around a main-sequence star.
 * 1998 – University of Wyoming gay student Matthew Shepard was attacked and fatally wounded near Laramie, Wyoming, U.S., dying six days later.
 * 2000 – Denouncing corruption in Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa's administration and the Senate, Vice President Carlos Álvarez resigned.
 * 2002 – Al-Qaeda bombed the oil tanker Limburg, causing oil to leak into the Gulf of Aden.
 * 2010 – The first version of the Instagram mobile application was released for iOS devices.
 * Born/died: | Nicetas the Patrician |d|836|Samuel of Bulgaria |d|1014|Wenceslaus III of Bohemia |b|1289| Matteo Ricci |b|1552| Guru Har Rai |d|1661| Sarah Crosby |b|1729| Francesco Manfredini |d|1762|John Cameron |b|1846|Meghnad Saha |b|1893|Albert M. Todd |d|1931|Sadiq al-Ahmar |b|1956|  Hattie Jacques |d|1980| Babasaheb Bhosale |d|2007

October 6: German-American Day in the United States

 * 1762 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Manila concluded with a British victory over Spain, leading to a twenty-month occupation.
 * 1927 – The Jazz Singer, one of the first feature-length motion pictures with a synchronized recorded music score, was released.
 * 1998 – Matthew Shepard, a gay college student, was attacked and fatally wounded near Laramie, Wyoming, U.S., dying six days later.
 * 2002 – Al-Qaeda bombed the oil tanker Limburg, causing oil to leak into the Gulf of Aden.
 * 2008 – The MESSENGER probe discovered Mercury's Rembrandt (pictured) – the second largest impact crater on the planet.


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 7

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 * 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: A Venetian army under Bartolomeo d'Alviano was decisively defeated by the Spanish army commanded by Ramón de Cardona and Fernando d'Ávalos.
 * 1542 – Spanish explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo became the first European to set foot on Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of California.
 * 1763 – King George III issued a royal proclamation that forbade British settlement of much of newly acquired French territory in North America, reserving the land for indigenous peoples.
 * 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Patriots and Loyalist militias engaged each other at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.
 * 1800 – The French privateer Robert Surcouf led a 150-man crew to capture the 40-gun, 437-man East Indiaman Kent.
 * 1868 – Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, was established, with an initial enrollment of 412 men the next day.
 * 1868 – Ōdate, the last castle of the Satake clan in Japan's Tōhoku region, was captured during the Boshin War.
 * 1914 – Japan captured Pohnpei from Germany, eventually leading to large-scale Japanese immigration to Micronesia.
 * 1944 – The Holocaust: Sonderkommando work-unit members in Auschwitz concentration camp revolted upon learning that they were due to be killed; although a few managed to escape, most were massacred on the same day.
 * 1985 – During severe floods in Puerto Rico, about 130 people died as a result of the deadliest single landslide on record in North America.
 * 1988 – Near Point Barrow in Alaska, an Iñupiat hunter discovered three gray whales trapped in pack ice, which resulted in an international effort to free them.
 * 2006 – Anna Politkovskaya (pictured), a Russian journalist and human-rights activist, was assassinated in the elevator of her apartment block in Moscow.
 * 2023 - 2023 Hamas led_attack on Israel happened as Hamas attacked Israel starting the Israel–Hamas war
 * Born/died: |Pierre Le Muet |b|1591| Stanisław Żółkiewski |d|1620|Guru Gobind Singh |d|1708|Uncle Dave Macon |b|1870| Harold Geiger |b|1884| Niels Bohr |b|1885 Masumi Mitsui|d|1887|Marie Lloyd |d|1922| Helmut Lent |d|1944|   Michelle Alexander |b|1967|Thom Yorke |b|1968| Charlotte Perrelli |b|1974| Beatrice Hutton |d|1990

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Pe'z

PE'Z (ペズ) was a Japanese jazz instrumental band consisting of five men, dubbed "The Samurai Jazz Band." They were signed onto Sony Music Japan from 2008 until their split in 2015.

History
PE'Z began their music careers playing live on the streets of Shibuya in the center of Tokyo during the summer of 2000. Word of mouth spread quickly and they began pulling in large crowds which sometimes totaled up to 600.

In just three years, the band played in ten outdoor music festivals throughout Japan, including Newport Jazz Festival '02 in Madaro, Mt. Fuji Jazz Festival 2002 in Shizuoka, and Rising Sun Rock Festival in Hokkaido. In September 2002 their first full album, Kugatsu no Sola (September Sky) was released, reaching No.10 on the billboard. In March 2003 they received an award for "New Artist Of The Year" at the 17th annual Japan Gold Disc Awards.

In August 2003 they participated in the re-mix of Japanese duo called Chemistry's 8th single "Ashita E Kaeru/Us" ("Return to Tomorrow").

That same year, Masayuki Hiizumi joined Shiina Ringo's backing band as a keyboard player for her nationwide tour. In 2004, he joined Shiina's new band Tokyo Jihen, but eventually left the group to focus his attention back to PE'Z in the next year. He later released a solo album entitled 5+2=11 under the moniker H Zett M.

In October 2005 PE'Z performed at UK's In the City along with fellow Japanese artists DMBQ and The Rodeo Carburettor. The quintet followed that with numerous performances in Europe (including a live show on the street in Amsterdam). The following year, 2006, they participated in both Canadian Music Week (CMW) and South by Southwest (SXSW), as well as giving a live performance in South Korea in between. Their gig at SXSW was subsequently followed with their first-ever US tour as part of Japan Nite, performing in New York City, Cambridge, Philadelphia, Chicago, Denver, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.

In September 2006, PE'Z released a three-track EP with the British soul singer Nate James, featuring an original track, "Live for the Groove," a reworked Nate James track, "Universal," and a cover of "Hard to Handle" by Otis Redding. They subsequently released a 32-track double album entitled Funny Day & Hard Night on March 25, 2007. This was followed by a second Realive DVD, which featured the band playing an outdoor Venue, with two sets which followed the Day/Night themes of the double CD, with the first played roughly at sundown and the second at night, with house and LED lighting.

In 2014 they released a new original album called Chisou, but in December 2014, drummer Kou posted to the band's official webpage that the group would dissolve in the following year. The band went on a final tour of Japan from January to April 2015 as well as appearing in several Japanese music festivals.

pe'zmoku
In 2007, the band collaborated with the alternative folk singer suzumoku, with whom they co-founded pe'zmoku. pe'zmoku performed for the first time during the encore of PE'Z's annual special live "EN-MUSUBI" at the end of the same year.

In 2008, they started in earnest. They recorded the ending theme "Gallop" for the anime series Bleach, and the ending theme "Ano Kaze ni Notte" for Valkyria Chronicles.

Following a brief disappearance by suzumoku, impromptu cancellations of several concerts were forced on the band in March 2009. As of October 2009 the band is on an indefinite hiatus.

Personnel

 * Wataru "B.M.W" Ohyama, born in Kanagawa, trumpet
 * Kouske "Jaw" Kadota, born in Ehime, saxophone
 * Masahiro Nirehara, born in Niigata, double bass
 * Kou, born in Tokyo, drums
 * Masayuki "HZM" Hiizumi, born in Kobe, keyboard & vocals

Albums

 * [09.11.2002] Kugatsu no Sola
 * [01.29.2003] Realive Tour 2002 (Odoranya Son Son In Tokyo)
 * [12.10.2003] KIWAMARI ZUKI
 * [12.07.2005] Pe'z Realive 2005 Fushi
 * [03.15.2006] Best 1st Stage
 * [07.26.2006] Nippon No Jazz - Samurai Spirit
 * [03.28.2007] Kite Neru: Funny Day & Hard Night
 * [02.27.2008] Samurai Meets The Enemy
 * [12.20.2008] PE'Z BEST STAGE -YAMIKUMO-
 * [09.24.2010] 銀幕のジャズ -SAMURAI FLYS INTO THE SCREEN-
 * [03.16.2011] Samurai Jazz - Compact Disc -
 * [04.20.2011] Jazz-SAMURAI KILLS HIMSELF-of Kinema
 * [02.14.2012] OH! YEAH! PARTY!!
 * [03.06.2013] JumpUP!

Mini-Albums

 * [02.21.2001] pe'z
 * [06.21.2001] Hayato
 * [10.24.2001] OKOKOROIRE
 * [04.11.2002] Akatsuki
 * [03.09.2003] Tsu Ku Shi N Bow
 * [05.28.2003] Hana Saku Don Bla Go!
 * [08.04.2004] Suzumushi
 * [11.23.2005] Chitose Dori
 * [02.03.2010] 1・2・MAX
 * [06.09.2010] I WANT YOU

Singles

 * [07.17.2002] Hale No Sola Sita - La Yellow Samba
 * [06.06.2003] DRY! DRY! DRY!
 * [11.19.2003] Daichisanshou
 * [09.21.2004] AUCTION
 * [09.20.2006] Live for the Groove
 * [08.19.2010] Uha-Uha / Boushoku-kei Danshi!!

title: Pe'z


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 8

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 * 1862 – The Battle of Perryville, a battle of the American Civil War with a high casualty count, was fought west of Perryville, Kentucky.
 * 1871 – Five large fires broke out in the United States, including the Great Chicago Fire in Illinois and the Peshtigo fire in Wisconsin, the latter being the deadliest in U.S. history.
 * 1952 – Three trains collided (aftermath pictured) at Harrow & Wealdstone station in London, killing 112 people and injuring 340 others.* 1956 – Major League Baseball pitcher Don Larsen threw the only perfect game in World Series history.
 * 1967 – Marxist revolutionary and guerrilla leader Che Guevara was captured near La Higuera, Bolivia.
 * 1969 – Demonstrations organized by the Weather Underground known as the Days of Rage began in Chicago, aimed at ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
 * 1998 – A new airport for Oslo, Norway, opened at Gardermoen, replacing a smaller one at the same location that had served as a backup to the city's previous main airport at Fornebu.
 * 2001 – At Linate Airport in Milan, Italy, Scandinavian Airlines Flight SK686 collided on take-off with a Cessna Citation II business jet, killing 118 people.
 * 2016 – Yemen War: A funeral in Sanaa was hit by two consecutive airstrikes by a Saudi-led coalition, leaving 143–155 civilians dead and more than 525 injured.

 * Born/died: t| Edward Wright|bap|1561|Mary Beale |bur|1699|  John Hancock |d|1793|  Augustus Buchel |b|1813|John Hay |b|1838|  Franklin Pierce |d|1869| Ellen Wilkinson |b|1891|  Mark Oliphant |b|1901|  Kiichi Miyazawa |b|1919|Aya Hirano |b|1987| Marilou Diaz-Abaya |d|2012|

October 8

 * 451 – The Council of Chalcedon, a Christian ecumenical council, opened, and went on to repudiate the Eutychian doctrine of monophysitism and set forth the Chalcedonian Creed.
 * 1604 – Kepler's Supernova (remnant pictured), the most recent supernova in the Milky Way, was observed worldwide.
 * 1918 – World War I: After his platoon suffered heavy casualties during the Meuse–Argonne offensive in France's Forest of Argonne, American Corporal Alvin York led the 7 remaining men on an attack against a German machine gun nest; 25 German soldiers were killed and 132 captured.
 * 1932 – The Indian Air Force was founded as an auxiliary air force of the British Royal Air Force.
 * 2019 – Anti-government protests calling for free and fair elections began in Baku, Azerbaijan.


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Talk:General Packet Radio Service

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How do I read the category "GPRS volume" on my mobile phone provider’s bill
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title: Talk:General Packet Radio Service


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 9

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 * 1708 – Great Northern War: Russia defeated Sweden at the Battle of Lesnaya on the Russian–Polish border, in present-day Belarus.

 * 1780 – The deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record began to impact the Caribbean, killing at least 20,000 people across the Antilles over the subsequent days.* 1793 – French Revolution: After a month-long siege, the leaders of Lyon surrendered, ending their revolt against the National Convention.
 * 1813 – War of the Sixth Coalition: Empress Marie-Louise of France issued decrees conscripting tens of thousands of teenagers, who became known as Marie-Louises.
 * 1914 – World War I: The civilian authorities of Antwerp surrendered, allowing the German army to capture the city.
 * 1913 – Carrying a cargo hold full of highly flammable chemicals, the ocean liner SS Volturno (1906) caught fire in the north Atlantic and sank, resulting in 136 deaths.
 * 1942 – World War II: American forces defeated the Japanese at the Third Battle of the Matanikau in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, reversing the Japanese victory a couple of weeks earlier.
 * 1962 – Nick Holonyak, an engineer for General Electric, gave the first public demonstration of a light-emitting diode.
 * 2012 – Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai (pictured) was severely injured by a Taliban gunman in a failed assassination attempt.* 2019 – Syrian civil war: Turkish forces began an offensive into north-eastern Syria following the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the region.
 * Born/died this day: |Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan |d|705| Benjamin Banneker |d|1806| Camille Saint-Saëns |b|1835|  Edward Bok |b|1863|Reginald Dyer |b|1864|Ivo Andrić |b|1892| Charles Read |b|1918| John Lennon |b|1940| William E. Woods  |b|1949| Rockin' Robin |b|1964|  Mona Best |d|1988


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 10

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 * 1760 – In a treaty with Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname gained territorial autonomy.
 * 1831 – Angry at the defeat of the Second Reform Bill a crowd burnt down Nottingham Castle, England, home of the Duke of Newcastle, who had opposed the bill in parliament.
 * 1846 – English astronomer William Lassell discovered Triton, the largest moon of Neptune.
 * 1933 – In the first proven act of sabotage in the history of commercial aviation, a Boeing 247 operated by United Airlines exploded in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all seven people aboard.
 * 1963 – The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which prohibits all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground, came into effect.
 * 1973 – U.S. vice president Spiro Agnew (pictured) resigned after being charged with tax evasion.
 * 1992 – After 20 years of construction, Vidyasagar Setu, the longest cable-stayed bridge in India, was opened, joining Kolkata and Howrah.
 * Born/died: | Paulinus of York |d|644| Mary of Waltham |b|1344| John Paston |b|1421| Antoine Coysevox |d|1720|Samuel J. Randall |b|1828| George Washington Parke Custis |d|1857| Phoebe Hinsdale Brown |d|1861| Blanche Lazzell |b|1878| Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro|b|1884| Han van Meegeren |b|1889| Phillip Davey |b|1896 R. K. Narayan |b|1906| Kim Ki-young|b|1919| Harold Pinter |b|1930| Beatriz Michelena |d|1942| Priaulx Rainier |d|1986| Kazuyoshi Miura |d|2008

October 10

 * 680 – Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of Muhammad, was killed at the Battle of Karbala by the forces of Yazid I, whom Husayn had refused to recognize as caliph.
 * 1903 – Emmeline Pankhurst (pictured) founded the Women's Social and Political Union, a militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom.
 * 1911 – The Xinhai Revolution began with the Wuchang Uprising, marking the beginning of the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China.
 * 1943 – World War II: The Kempeitai, the military police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army, arrested and tortured fifty-seven civilians and civilian internees on suspicion of their involvement in a raid on Singapore Harbour.
 * 2004 – Eight-year-old Huang Na was abducted and murdered; her body was found three weeks later after a search across Singapore and Malaysia.


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 11

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 * 1142 – The Treaty of Shaoxing was ratified, ending the Jin–Song Wars, although sporadic fighting continued until 1234.
 * 1776 – American Revolutionary War: A British fleet defeated American ships at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, but gave American forces enough time to prepare their defenses for the Saratoga campaign.
 * 1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Royal Navy captured eleven Dutch Navy ships without any losses at the Battle of Camperdown.
 * 1840 – Bashir Shihab II (pictured) surrendered to the Ottoman Empire and was removed as Emir of Mount Lebanon after an imperial decree by Sultan Abdülmecid I.
 * 1942 – World War II: At the Battle of Cape Esperance on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, American ships intercepted and defeated a Japanese fleet sent to attack Henderson Field.
 * 1968 – Apollo 7 (lift-off pictured), the first manned mission of NASA's Apollo program, and the first three-man American space mission, launched from Complex 34 in Cape Kennedy, Florida.
 * 1975 – The American weekly sketch comedy–variety show Saturday Night Live was broadcast for the first time.
 * 1987 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Indian Peace Keeping Force began Operation Pawan to take control of Jaffna from the Tamil Tigers and enforce their disarmament as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord.
 * 1987 – An estimated 750,000 people attended the "Great March" in Washington, D.C., to demand greater civil rights for the LGBT community.
 * 1991 – During the confirmation hearings upon the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States, Anita Hill testified that he had sexually harassed her several years earlier.
 * 2000 – First Minister of Scotland Donald Dewar (pictured), often regarded as the "Father of the Nation", dies in office from a brain hemorrhage.
 * 2002 – A bomb exploded in the Myyrmanni shopping center in Helsinki, Finland, resulting in 7 deaths and 159 injuries.
 * Born/died: | Edward Colston |d|1721| Grigory Potemkin |b|1739| Maria James |b|1793| Henry J. Heinz |b|1844| María Teresa Ferrari |b|1887| Douglas Albert Munro |b|1919| Thích Nhất Hạnh |b|1926| Amitabh Bachchan |b|1942| Dorothea Lange |d|1965| Toby Fox |b|1991| Beni Montresor |d|2001|


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 12

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 * 1398 – The Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Konrad von Jungingen signed the Treaty of Salynas, the third attempt to cede Samogitia to the Knights.
 * 1406 – Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reached Seoul after having set out from Java four months before.
 * 1492 – Believing he had reached the East Indies, Christopher Columbus made landfall on an island in the Caribbean, sparking a series of events that led to the European colonization of the Americas.
 * 1798 – The Peasants' War began in Overmere, Southern Netherlands, with peasants taking up arms against the French occupiers.
 * 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States was first used in public schools to coincide with the opening of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
 * 1917 – First World War: New Zealand troops suffered more than 2,000 casualties, including more than 800 deaths, in the First Battle of Passchendaele (pictured), making it the nation's largest loss of life in one day.
 * 1946 – Il Canto degli Italiani is adopted as national anthem by the newly formed Italian Republic.
 * 1960 – Japan Socialist Party leader Inejirō Asanuma was assassinated during a live television recording by a man using a samurai sword.
 * 1979 – Typhoon Tip, the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded, reached a worldwide record-low sea-level pressure of 870 mbar in the western Pacific Ocean.
 * 1984 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated a bomb at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England, in a failed attempt to assassinate British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet.
 * 1992 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 or 5.9 struck south of Cairo, Egypt, killing 545 people.
 * Born/died: | Pope Honorius I |d|638| Thomas Dudley |b|1576| Nicholas Brend |d|1601| Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth |d|1758| Juan José Castelli |d|1812| Kamini Roy |b|1864|  Arthur Harden |b|1865| Aleister Crowley |b|1875| Gilbert Parkhouse |b|1925| Anna Escobedo Cabral |b|1959| Mary Pinchot Meyer |d|1964| Ricky Wilson |d|1985| Sheila Florance |d|1991| Wilt Chamberlain |d|1999|


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 13

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 * 1307 – Agents of King Philip IV of France launched a raid on the Knights Templar at dawn, arresting many members, subsequently torturing them into giving false confessions and burning them at the stake.
 * 1710 – Queen Anne's War: French and Wabanaki forces surrendered to end the Siege of Port Royal, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.
 * 1773 – French astronomer Charles Messier discovered the Whirlpool Galaxy (pictured), an interacting, grand design spiral galaxy located an estimated 31 million light-years away.
 * 1812 – War of 1812: British troops and Mohawk warriors repelled an American invasion from across the Niagara River at the Battle of Queenston Heights near Queenston, Ontario.
 * 1814 – War of 1812: After three days of fighting, the beached U.S. Revenue Cutter Service vessel Eagle was captured by the Royal Navy.
 * 1908 – British suffragette Margaret Travers Symons became the first woman to speak in the House of Commons when she escaped from her escort into the chamber and shouted at the assembly.
 * 1911 – Prince Arthur, a son of Queen Victoria, became the first Governor General of Canada of royal descent, as well as the first Prince of Great Britain and Ireland to hold that position.
 * 1921 – The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia signed the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, establishing the current borders between Turkey and the Caucasian states.
 * 1972 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashed into a remote area in the Andes mountains near the border of Chile and Argentina; the 16 remaining survivors were not rescued until more than two months later.
 * 1994 – The Troubles: In a meeting at Fernhill House, Belfast, loyalist leader Gusty Spence announced that the Combined Loyalist Military Command would observe a ceasefire.
 * 2011 – The Dragon King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (pictured) married Jetsun Pema at the Punakha Dzong.
 * 2019 – At the Chicago Marathon, Kenyan runner Brigid Kosgei set the current marathon world record for women running in a mixed-sex race.
 * Born/died: | Iyasu I |d|1706| Isaac Brock |d|1812|Rudolf Virchow |b|1821| Lillie Langtry |b|1853| Leon Leonwood Bean |b|1872| Raymond Pace Alexander |b|1897 Jackie Ronne |b|1919| Jamal Khashoggi |b|1958| Trevor Hoffman |b|1967| Paul Potts |b|1970|Antonio Berni |d|1981|  Walter Houser Brattain |d|1987| Yuta Watanabe|b|1994


text:
Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 14

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 * 1066 – Norman conquest: William the Conqueror's forces defeated the English army at Hastings and killed Harold Godwinson (depicted), the last crowned Anglo-Saxon king of England.
 * 1548 – Forces of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty led by King Tabinshwehti (depicted) departed Martaban to begin an invasion of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
 * 1758 – Third Silesian War: At the Battle of Hochkirch, an Austrian army under Leopold Joseph von Daun surprised the Prussians commanded by Frederick the Great, overwhelming them and forcing a general retreat.
 * 1805 – War of the Third Coalition: French forces under Marshal Michel Ney defeated Austrian forces in Elchingen, present-day Germany.
 * 1863 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Bristoe Station, the Union II Corps surprised and repelled the Confederate attack on the Union rearguard, resulting in a Union victory.
 * 1888 – French inventor Louis Le Prince filmed Roundhay Garden Scene (featured), the earliest surviving motion picture, in Leeds, England.
 * 1912 – Former U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt was shot in an assassination attempt, but delivered a speech before receiving treatment from preeminent surgeon John Benjamin Murphy.
 * 1913 – The worst mining accident in the United Kingdom's history took place when an explosion resulted in 440 deaths at the Universal Colliery in Senghenydd, Wales.
 * 1926 – The first book featuring English author A. A. Milne's fictional bear Winnie-the-Pooh was published.
 * 1939 – Second World War: The German submarine U-47 torpedoed and sank the Royal Navy battleship HMS Royal Oak while the latter was anchored at Scapa Flow in Orkney, Scotland.
 * 1940 – Second World War: During the Blitz, a semi-armour-piercing fragmentation bomb fell on the road above Balham station in London, which was being used as an air raid shelter, killing at least 64 people.
 * 1943 – World War II: During the second raid on Schweinfurt, the U.S. 8th Air Force suffered so many losses that it lost air supremacy over Germany for several months.
 * 1943 – The Holocaust: Prisoners at Sobibor extermination camp revolted, killing 11 SS officers and staging a mass escape.
 * 1943 – The Second Philippine Republic, a Japanese puppet state, was established with Jose P. Laurel as its first president.
 * 1947 – American test pilot Chuck Yeager became the first person to break the sound barrier, reaching Mach 1.06 on board the Bell X-1, an experimental rocket-powered aircraft.
 * 1949 – The first of the Smith Act trials concluded in New York City, with eleven leaders of the Communist Party of the United States found guilty of violating the Smith Act.
 * 1953 – Israeli military commander Ariel Sharon and his Unit 101 special forces attacked the village of Qibya on the West Bank, destroying 45 buildings, killing 42 villagers, and wounding 15 others.
 * 1956 – The Queen Elizabeth Way, North America's first intercity divided highway, opens.
 * 1957 – After three days of heavy rain, the Turia overflowed and flooded the city of Valencia, Spain, causing at least 81 deaths.
 * 1964 – Members of the Politburo voted to remove Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and replace him with Leonid Brezhnev.
 * 1979 – At least 75,000 people attended the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Washington, D.C., to demand equal civil rights for LGBT people.
 * 1980 – The 6th Congress of the Workers' Party concluded, having anointed North Korean president Kim Il Sung's son Kim Jong Il as his successor.
 * 2011 – Michael Woodford was dismissed as the CEO of the optics manufacturer Olympus after uncovering internal financial misconduct, escalating the corporate scandal into one of the largest in Japanese business history.
 * 2012 – Felix Baumgartner jumped from a helium balloon in the stratosphere to become the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power.
 * 2014 – A snowstorm and series of avalanches occurred on and around the Himalayan peaks of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri, resulting in the deaths of at least 43 people.

 * Born/died this day: | Al-Mu'tamid |d|892| Samuel Daniel |bur|1619| Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham |b|1726| Laura Askew Haygood |b|1845| Mary Margaret O'Reilly |b|1865| Marie Lang |d|1934 John Mitchell |b|1951| Julius Nyerere |d|1999


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 15

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 * 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces captured Glasgow, Missouri, although it had little long-term benefit as Price's Missouri Expedition was defeated a week later.
 * 1932 – Air India, the flag carrier airline of India, began operations under the name Tata Airlines.
 * 1954 – Hurricane Hazel (flooding pictured) made landfall in the Carolinas in the United States before moving north to Toronto in Canada later the same day, killing 176 people in the two countries.
 * 1996 The Criminal Assets Bureau was established following the gangland murders of Detective Garda Jerry McCabe and investigative journalist Veronica Guerin.
 * 2005 – A march by members of the National Socialist Movement, a neo-Nazi group, in Toledo, Ohio, U.S., sparked a riot among protestors.
 * 2006 – An earthquake registering 6.7 Mw occurred off the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii.
 * 2007 – New Zealand Police conducted several anti-terrorism raids in relation to the discovery of an alleged paramilitary training camp in the Urewera mountain ranges, arresting 17 people and seizing four guns and 230 rounds of ammunition.
 * 2011 – Global demonstrations against economic inequality, corporate influence on government, and other issues, were held in more than 950 cities in 82 countries.
 * 2013 – A 7.2-magnitude earthquake struck Bohol in the Philippines, resulting in 222 deaths.
 * 2018 – Thirteen-year-old Jayme Closs was kidnapped from her home in Barron, Wisconsin, and held captive for 88 days.
 * Born/died: | Lambert of Italy |d|898| Louis-Eugène Cavaignac |b|1802| Tadeusz Kościuszko |d|1817| William H. Crook |b|1839| Ernest Peixotto |b|1869| P. G. Wodehouse |b|1881| Hiram Fong |b|1906| Dolores Jiménez y Muro |d|1925| Neal Ball |d|1957| Stepan Bandera |d|1959|Julia Yeomans |b|1954| Sartono|d|1968| Elizabeth Alexander Aydın Sayılı |d|1993| Konrad Emil Bloch |d|2000|


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 16

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 * 1384 – Jadwiga (pictured) was officially crowned as "King of Poland" instead of "Queen" to reflect the fact that she was a sovereign in her own right.
 * 1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacked French forces led by Napoleon in the Battle of Leipzig, the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars, with over 500,000 troops involved.
 * 1834 – Most of the Palace of Westminster in London was destroyed in a fire caused by the burning of wooden tally sticks.
 * 1875 – Brigham Young University, the largest religious university in the United States, was founded in Provo, Utah.
 * 1905 – Authorities of the British Raj partitioned the Bengal Presidency, separating the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.
 * 1916 – Margaret Sanger established the United States' first family planning clinic in Brooklyn, New York.
 * 1943 – The Holocaust: The Gestapo conducted a raid on the Roman Ghetto, capturing 1,259 members of the Jewish community, most of whom were sent to Auschwitz.
 * 1944 – A four-day air battle over Taiwan ended with a decisive American victory, destroying hundreds of Japanese aircraft and military facilities.
 * 1984 – The Bill debuted on ITV, eventually becoming the longest-running police procedural in British television history.
 * 2013 – In Laos's deadliest air accident, Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashed into the Mekong River, resulting in the deaths of all 49 people aboard.
 * 2017 – The Maltese journalist and anti-corruption activist Daphne Caruana Galizia was killed in a car bomb attack in Bidnija.

 * Born/died this day: | Pedro González de Lara |d|1130| Johann Rudolf Stadler |d|1637| John Cook |d|1660|  John Hunter |d|1793|Veerapandiya Kattabomman |d|1799| Kathleen Winsor |b|1919| Angela Lansbury |b|1925| Linda November |b|1944|  Tessa Munt |b|1959 | Pamela C. Rasmussen |b|1959| Naomi Osaka|b|1997


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 17

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 * 1604 – German astronomer Johannes Kepler began observations of an exceptionally bright object, now known as Kepler's Supernova, that had appeared in the constellation Ophiuchus.
 * 1660 – A series of executions of the commissioners who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England concluded; six were hanged, drawn and quartered for treason.
 * 1777 – American Revolutionary War: British general John Burgoyne's Saratoga campaign ended with his surrender to the Americans, later convincing France to enter the war in alliance with the United States.
 * 1814 – A wooden beer-fermenting vat in London burst, destroying a second vat and causing a large flood of at least 128,000 imperial gallons (580,000 l; 154,000 US gal) of porter that killed eight people.
 * 1860 – The Open Championship, the oldest of the four major championships in men's golf, was first played at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, Scotland.
 * 1964 – Prime Minister Robert Menzies inaugurated the artificial Lake Burley Griffin (pictured) in the centre of the Australian capital Canberra.
 * 1969 – The Caravaggio painting Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence was stolen from the Oratory of Saint Lawrence in Palermo, Italy.
 * 1992 – Having gone to the wrong house in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for a Halloween party, Japanese exchange student Yoshihito Hattori was shot and killed by the homeowner.
 * 2001 – Rehavam Ze'evi, the Israeli minister of tourism, was assassinated in revenge for the killing of PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa.
 * Born/died: | al-Muti' |d|974|  John Scott |d|1485|  Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke |d|1781| Childe Hassam |b|1859|  George Nicol |b|1870| Haritina Korotkevich |b|1882| Herbert Howells |b|1892|  Raffaele Bendandi |b|1893 | Don Coryell  |b|1924| Andrew B. Turnbull |d|1960| Chuka Umunna |b|1978|


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 18

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 * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, one of the last great Greek mathematicians of antiquity, observed an eclipse that allowed historians to calculate the approximate dates of his life.
 * 1081 – Byzantine–Norman wars: Robert Guiscard led an invasion of the Byzantine Empire, capturing Dyrrhachium in present-day Albania.
 * 1356 – The most significant earthquake to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded history destroyed Basel, Switzerland.
 * 1587 – Filipino sailors disembarked from the Manila galleon Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza in what is now Morro Bay, California, the first documented instance of Asians in the Americas.
 * 1775 – American Revolutionary War: In an act of retaliation against ports that supported Patriot activities in the early stages of the war, the Royal Navy destroyed what is now Portland, Maine.
 * 1963 – The first cat in space, later known as Félicette, launched aboard a French Véronique rocket.
 * 1967 – The Soviet space probe Venera 4 became the first spacecraft to perform direct in situ analysis of the environment of another planet (Venus).
 * Born/died this day: | Lady Mary Wroth |b|1587| Isaac Jogues |d|1646| Jacob Jordaens |d|1678| Baldassare Galuppi |b|1706|  Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough |d|1744|  Lucy Stone |d|1893| Christine Murrell |bd|1874; 1933|Jesse Helms |b|1921| Freida Pinto |b|1984


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Battle of Rain

The Battle of Rain took place on 15 April 1632 near Rain in Bavaria during the Thirty Years' War. It was fought by a Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and a Catholic League force led by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly. The battle resulted in a Swedish victory, while Tilly was severely wounded and later died of his injuries.

Outnumbered and with many inexperienced troops, Tilly built defensive works along the River Lech, centred on the town of Rain, hoping to delay Gustavus long enough for Imperial reinforcements under Albrecht von Wallenstein to reach him. On 14 April, the Swedes bombarded the defences with artillery, then crossed the river the next day, inflicting nearly 3,000 casualties, including Tilly. On 16th, Maximilian of Bavaria ordered a retreat, abandoning his supplies and guns.

Despite this victory, the Swedes had been drawn away from their bases in Northern Germany and when Maximilian linked up with Wallenstein found themselves besieged in Nuremberg. This led to the largest battle of the war on 3 September, when an assault on the Imperial camp outside the town was bloodily repulsed.

Background
Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War began in June 1630 when nearly 18,000 troops under Gustavus Adolphus landed in Pomerania, financed by French subsidies. Supported by Saxony and Brandenburg-Prussia, victory at Breitenfeld in September 1631 gave Gustavus control over much of north and central Germany. While Elector John George invaded Habsburg lands in Bohemia, Gustavus prepared to attack Austria, while his subordinate Gustav Horn advanced into Franconia.

When Horn occupied the Bavarian town of Bamberg in February 1632, Tilly marched north from Nördlingen with 22,000 men, and briefly recaptured it on 9 March. He was too weak to follow up this success and withdrew to Ingolstadt, which controlled a major bridge over the Danube. However, fearing the impact of Tilly's advance on the morale of his German allies, Gustavus abandoned plans to invade Austria. Instead, he moved into Bavaria from his winter quarters in Mainz, where by combining his own forces with those led by Horn, Johan Banér, and William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, he assembled around 37,500 men and 72 guns.

The Swedes entered Nuremberg on 31 March, then captured Donauwörth on 6 April, near where Tilly had established a defensive line along the River Lech. His main force of 22,000 was entrenched around Rain, with a detachment of 5,000 covering another crossing at Augsburg (see Map). Although this meant Gustavus could outflank these positions by passing south of Augsburg, Tilly hoped this would provide time for the main Imperial army under Albrecht von Wallenstein to reach him.

At this point, the Lech river divided into a number of parallel, fast flowing streams, each about 60 to 80 metres wide; the bridge at Rain had been destroyed by Tilly, who placed his inexperienced troops in a strong redoubt with 20 guns, making it a formidable challenge for an attacker. The only other practical route was about five kilometres south of Rain, where there was an island in the middle of the Lech. Bridging this obstacle is considered to be one of Gustavus' greatest military achievements.

Battle

During 13 April, Lennart Torstensson supervised the construction of Swedish artillery positions opposite Rain, creating three batteries of 24 guns each. The next day, he opened fire on Tilly's redoubt while Gustavus deployed his troops near the river bank, making it seem he intended an assault. However, this was only a feint, intended to distract their opponents while they gathered boats and materials to build a pontoon bridge over to the island.

On the morning of 15th, three hundred Finnish Hakkapeliitta troops crossed over to the Bavarian side of the river. Having done so, they then dug earthworks for batteries which protected the rest of Gustavus' army as they followed. Tilly immediately despatched troops to engage the Swedes and a fierce firefight developed as they tried to push them back. However, Gustavus had sent an additional 2,000 cavalry to ford the river two kilometres further north of Rain. These now circled round the redoubt and took the troops defending it in the flank. Tilly's right thigh was shattered early in the battle; he was taken unconscious to the rear and died two weeks later, while his second in command, Johann von Aldringen, was temporarily blinded minutes later.

Maximilian of Bavaria now assumed command and ordered an immediate retreat, covered by his cavalry under Scharffenstein. Both sides suffered around 2,000 casualties each, with the Swedes capturing another 1,000. Although Maximilian was forced to abandon his baggage and artillery, most of his army escaped, helped by a storm and high winds which blocked roads and delayed pursuit.

Aftermath
Maximilian reinforced his garrison at Ingolstadt, which repulsed a Swedish attack on 3 May, then withdrew north of the Danube, leaving Bavaria open to the Swedish army. The country was extensively pillaged, while Gustavus made a triumphal entry into Munich on 17 May, confiscating the ducal art collection and capturing over 100 pieces of artillery; it was another three years before Maximilian re-entered his capital. On the other hand, the Swedes were now at the end of long and extremely vulnerable supply lines, while Bavarian peasants waged a bitter guerrilla war in the countryside against the invaders plundering their lands.

Meanwhile Wallenstein raised an Imperial army of 65,000, which he used to expel the Saxons from Bohemia; concerned Saxony might make a separate peace and leave him isolated, Gustavus now summoned his German allies to Nuremberg. As he did so, Wallenstein took 30,000 troops and marched into Bavaria to link up with Maximilian advancing north from Ingoldstadt and on 11 July the two forces met up at Schwabach (see Map above). Gustavus retreated to Fürth just outside Nuremberg where he was besieged by the combined Imperial-Bavarian army, leading to the Battle of the Alte Veste in early September.

title: Battle of Rain


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 19

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 * 1596 – The Spanish ship San Felipe was shipwrecked on the Japanese island of Shikoku, and its cargo confiscated by the local daimyō.

 * 1781 – American Revolutionary War: British forces led by Lord Cornwallis officially surrendered to Franco-American forces under George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, ending the Siege of Yorktown.
 * 1864 – American Civil War: Despite incurring nearly twice as many casualties as the Confederates, the Union Army emerged victorious at the Battle of Cedar Creek.
 * 1943 – World War II: Allied aircraft sank the German cargo ship Sinfra, killing mostly Italian POWs.
 * 1944 – The Guatemalan Revolution began with a small group of army officers led by Francisco Javier Arana and Jacobo Árbenz launching a coup against dictator Jorge Ubico.
 * 1955 – At a meeting of its general assembly, the European Broadcasting Union approved the staging of the first Eurovision Song Contest.
 * 1965 – Vietnam War: The Siege of Plei Me began with the first major confrontation between soldiers of the North Vietnamese Army and the U.S. Army.
 * 1965 – A group of ethnic Hutu military officers failed in their attempt to overthrow the Burundian government.
 * 1987 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 22.6 percent on Black Monday, the largest one-day percentage decline in the stock market index's history.
 * 1988 – The British government restricted the broadcast of the voices of representatives from Sinn Féin and several Irish republican and loyalist paramilitary groups on television and radio.
 * 2005 – Hurricane Wilma became the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 882 mbar (26.05 inHg).
 * 2017 – Canadian astronomer Robert Weryk discovered ʻOumuamua (depicted), the first known interstellar object detected passing through the Solar System.
 * Born/died this day: |Yusuf I of Granada |d|1354| Annie Smith Peck |b|1850| Salimuzzaman Siddiqui |b|1897| Peter Aduja |b|1920| Edna St. Vincent Millay |d|1950| V. Gordon Childe |d|1957| Yoko Shimomura |b|1967| Fred Keenor |d|1972 |


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 20

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 * 1740 – Under the terms of the Pragmatic Sanction, Maria Theresa (pictured) ascended the Habsburg throne.

 * 1936 – British woman Mabel Freer was refused entry to Australia after failing a dictation test given in Italian, leading to a debate over Australia's immigration policy.

 * 1944 – World War II: Fulfilling a promise he made two years previously, General Douglas MacArthur landed on Leyte to begin the recapture of the Philippines.

 * 1969 – Experimental results from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center were published showing that protons were composed of smaller particles, the first evidence of quarks.
 * 1973 – Watergate scandal: Both Attorney General Elliot Richardson and his deputy William Ruckelshaus resigned rather than obey Richard Nixon's order to have Archibald Cox fired.

 * 1977 – Three members of the American rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd died when their chartered plane crashed in Gillsburg, Mississippi.

* 1982 – During a UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem, a large number of attendees trying to leave the Central Lenin Stadium resulted in a stampede that caused 66 deaths.

 * 1986 – Aeroflot Flight 6502 crashed on approach to Kurumoch Airport in Samara (then Kuibyshev in the Soviet Union), killing 70 people on board.

 * 2011 – First Libyan Civil War: Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed Libyan leader, was captured by rebel forces during the Battle of Sirte, and was killed shortly thereafter.
 * Born/died: | Ralph d'Escures |d|1122| Catherine Gordon, Duchess of Gordon |b|1718| Pauline Bonaparte |b|1780| Otto Julius Zobel |b|1887| James Chadwick |b|1891| James Anthony Froude |d|1894|Chen Liting |b|1910| Janet Jagan |b|1920| Jean Keene |b|1923| Tom Petty |b|1950|  Kamala Harris |b|1964| Francis Chan |d|1967| Paige Bueckers |b|2001| Farooq Leghari |d|2010


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 21

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 * 1345 – Hundred Years' War: The English victory at the Battle of Auberoche marked a change in the military balance of power in Aquitaine, with the subsequent collapse of the French position.
 * 1854 – Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses and 15 nuns were sent to the Ottoman Empire to help treat wounded British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War.
 * 1858 – French composer Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld, featuring the music most associated with the can-can (audio featured), was first performed at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens in Paris.
 * 1910 – HMS Niobe (1897) arrived in Halifax Harbour to become the first large ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.
 * 1944 – World War II: The three-week-long Battle of Aachen concluded, making the city the first on German soil to be captured by the Allies.
 * 1959 – The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, opened in New York City.
 * 1966 – A coal tip fell on the village of Aberfan, Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren.
 * 1978 – After reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft, Australian pilot Frederick Valentich disappeared while piloting a Cessna 182L across the Bass Strait to King Island.
 * 1983 – At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the length of a metre was redefined as the distance that light travels in vacuum in $1/299,792,458$ of a second.
 * 1994 – North Korea and the United States signed the Agreed Framework to limit the former's nuclear weapons program and to normalize relations between the two countries.

 * Born/died this day: | Henry Lawes |d|1662| Edmund Waller |d|1687| John Cooke |d|1805| Sims Reeves|b|1821| Maria Dulębianka |b|1861|  Isabelle Eberhardt |d|1904| Georg Solti |b|1912   Ursula K. Le Guin |b|1929|Dorothy Hale |d|1938|   Einár |d|2021

October 21

 * 1096 – First Crusade: At the Battle of Civetot, the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan destroyed the army of the People's Crusade as it marched toward Nicaea.
 * 1867 – The first and second of three treaties were signed near Medicine Lodge, Kansas, between the United States federal government and several Native American tribes in the Great Plains, requiring them to relocate to areas in present-day western Oklahoma.
 * 1941 – World War II: German soldiers massacred nearly 2,800 Serbs in Kragujevac in reprisal for insurgent attacks in the district of Gornji Milanovac.
 * 1968 – At the height of the Japanese university protests, protestors occupied Tokyo's Shinjuku Station and clashed violently with police.
 * 1994 – In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people were killed and 17 others injured when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapsed (pictured).


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 22

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 * 906 – Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh, an Abbasid military officer of Turkic origin, led a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking at least 4,000 captives.
 * 1707 – In one of the worst maritime disasters in the history of the British Isles, at least 1,400 sailors on four Royal Navy ships were lost in stormy weather off the Isles of Scilly.
 * 1727 – George II and Caroline of Ansbach were crowned king and queen of Great Britain in Westminster Abbey.
 * 1740 – A two-week massacre of ethnic Chinese in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, came to an end with at least 10,000 people killed.
 * 1797 – Dropping from a hydrogen balloon at a height of approximately 3000 ft, André-Jacques Garnerin carried out the first descent using a frameless parachute.
 * 1895 – At Gare Montparnasse in Paris, an express train derailed after overrunning the buffer stop and crashed through the station wall, with the locomotive landing on the street below.
 * 1924 – The educational non-profit organization Toastmasters International was founded at a YMCA in Santa Ana, California.
 * 1936 – Dod Orsborne, captain of the Girl Pat, was convicted of its theft and imprisoned, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.
 * 1940 – After evading French and Spanish authorities, Belgian prime minister Hubert Pierlot (pictured) arrived in London, marking the beginning of the Belgian government in exile.
 * 1966 – With their album The Supremes A' Go-Go, the Supremes became the first all-female group to reach number one on the Billboard 200 chart.
 * 1987 – John Adams' (pictured) opera Nixon in China premiered.
 * Born/died: | Qian Weijun |b|955| Johann Reinhold Forster |b|1729| Charles Scott |d|1813|   Sahle Selassie |d|1847| Charles Kingston |b|1850| César Luis Menotti |b|1938| Deepak Chopra |b|1946| Hannah Mitchell |d|1956| Oona King |b|1967| James K. Baxter |d|1972 Betty Binns Fletcher |d|2012


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 23

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 * 1641 – Irish Catholic gentry in Ulster tried to seize control of Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, to force concessions to Catholics.
 * 1934 – Jeannette Piccard (pictured) piloted a hot-air balloon flight that reached 57,579 feet (17,550 m), becoming the first woman to fly in the stratosphere.
 * 1942 – World War II: Japanese troops began an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Henderson Field on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands from American forces.
 * 1956 – The Hungarian Revolution began as a peaceful student demonstration that attracted thousands while marching through central Budapest to the parliament building.
 * 1972 – Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker, a U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ended after five months.
 * 1995 – The runway show for Alexander McQueen's collection The Hunger was staged at London's Natural History Museum.
 * 2015 – Hurricane Patricia, the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Western Hemisphere, peaked with maximum sustained winds of 215 mph (345 km/h) south of Mexico.

 * Born/died: | Stefano Franscini |b|1796| John Heisman |b|1869| Emma Vyssotsky |b|1894| Douglas Jardine |b|1900| Annabel Breuer |b|1992| Soong Mei-ling |d|2003

October 23: Mole Day

 * 1798 – War of the Second Coalition: The Ottoman–Albanian forces of Ali Pasha of Janina defeated French troops and captured the town of Preveza at the Battle of Nicopolis.
 * 1850 – The inaugural National Women's Rights Convention, presided over by American activist Paulina Wright Davis (pictured), began in Worcester, Massachusetts.
 * 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flew his biplane 14-bis for 50 metres (160 ft) at an altitude of about four metres (13 ft).
 * 2001 – Grand Theft Auto III was released, helping to popularize open-world and mature-content video games.
 * 2022 – Myanmar civil war: Burmese military forces launched airstrikes that killed at least 80 concertgoers in Kachin State.


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 24

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 * 1789 – The Brabant Revolution, sometimes considered to be the first expression of Belgian nationalism, began with the invasion of the Austrian Netherlands by an émigré army from the Dutch Republic.
 * 1795 – As a result of the Third Partition of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist as an independent state, with its territory divided between Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
 * 1851 – William Lassell found Umbriel and Ariel, the third and fourth Uranian moons to be discovered.
 * 1889 – Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of the Colony of New South Wales, gave a speech in which he called for the federation of the six Australian colonies.
 * 1929 – On "Black Thursday", the New York Stock Exchange lost 11 percent of its value at the opening bell on very heavy trading, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.
 * 1931 – The George Washington Bridge (pictured), connecting New York City to Fort Lee, New Jersey, and today the world's busiest motor-vehicle bridge, was dedicated.
 * 1944 – World War II: The Japanese battleship Musashi, one of the heaviest and most powerfully armed ever constructed, was sunk by American aircraft during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
 * 1949 – The cornerstone of the United Nations headquarters was laid in New York City.
 * 1964 – Charges in a military court against generals Dương Văn Đức and Lâm Văn Phát of leading a coup attempt against South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Khánh, were dropped..
 * 1960 – A prototype of the Soviet R-16 intercontinental ballistic missile exploded on the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh SSR.
 * 1972 – Three people were killed when falsework collapsed during the construction of the Loddon Bridge in Berkshire, leading to reform of construction practices in the UK.
 * 2004 – English football club Manchester United defeated Arsenal 2–0 in the Battle of the Buffet, ending their rival's record-breaking unbeaten run.
 * 2015 – Lam Wing-kee (pictured), the owner of Causeway Bay Books in Hong Kong, known for publishing political books banned in mainland China, was abducted by Chinese authorities.
 * Born/died: | William Prynne |d|1669| Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham |b|1675| Sarah Josepha Hale |b|1788| Massimo d'Azeglio |b|1798| Marianne North |b|1830| Kanae Yamamoto|b|1882| Alexander Wilson |b|1893| Pin Malakul|b|1903| Lakshmi Sahgal |b|1914| Désiré Charnay |d|1915| Suhailah Noah |b|1931| Roman Abramovich |b|1966| Yasumi Matsuno|b|1965| Richard Hofstadter |d|1970|Carlo Abarth |d|1979

October 24

 * 1260 – Qutuz (bust pictured), the sultan of Egypt, was assassinated and replaced by fellow Mamluk leader Baybars.
 * 1796 – War of the First Coalition: The Battle of Schliengen was fought between the French and Austrian armies, who both claimed victory.
 * 1945 – The Charter of the United Nations entered into force after being ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council and a majority of the other signatories.
 * 1975 – In protest against wage discrepancy and unfair employment practices, 90 percent of Iceland's female population went on strike for a day.
 * 2003 – The inaugural Afro-Asian Games opened in Hyderabad, with 2,040 athletes from 96 nations competing.


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 25

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 * 1147 – Reconquista: Forces under Afonso I of Portugal (pictured) captured Lisbon from the Moors after a four-month siege in one of the few Christian victories during the Second Crusade.
 * 1616 – Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog left a plate on an island in Shark Bay, the oldest-known artifact of European exploration in Australia still in existence.
 * 1854 – Crimean War: Lord Cardigan led his cavalry on a disastrous assault in the Battle of Balaclava.
 * 1864 – American Civil War: During Price's Missouri Expedition, Union troops defeated Sterling Price's Confederate army in three successive battles: Marais des Cygnes, Mine Creek, and Marmiton River.
 * 1924 – The Daily Mail published the Zinoviev letter, a hoax purported to be a directive from Moscow to increase communist agitation, pushing the Conservative Party to a landslide victory in the UK general election four days later.
 * 1932 – George Lansbury (pictured) became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.
 * 1944 – Heinrich Himmler ordered a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a nonconformist youth group that assisted army deserters and others hiding from the Nazis.
 * 1944 – USS Tang (SS-306), the U.S. Navy submarine credited with sinking more ships than any other American submarine, sank when it was struck by its own torpedo.
 * 1950 – The People's Volunteer Army ambushed the South Korean II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, and elsewhere engaged the 1st Infantry Division at the Battle of Unsan, marking China's entry into the Korean War.
 * 2001 – Windows XP, one of the most popular and widely used versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system, was released for retail sale.
 * 2010 – Mount Merapi in Central Java, Indonesia, began an increasingly violent series of eruptions that lasted over a month.
 * 2022 – At 49 days, Liz Truss concludes the shortest tenure as prime minister of the United Kingdom.
 * Born/died: | Catherine of Bosnia |d|1478| Thomas Babington Macaulay |b|1800| Richard Parkes Bonington |b|1802| Évariste Galois |b|1811 | Grace Banker |b|1892| Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti |b|1900| Mark C. Rogers |b|1942|  Bernard Hogan-Howe |b|1957| Antonin Raymond|d|1976 |Katy Perry |b|1984| Kara Hultgreen |d|1994


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 26

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 * 1341 – The Byzantine army proclaimed chief minister John VI Kantakouzenos emperor, triggering a civil war between his supporters and those of John V Palaiologos, the heir to the throne.
 * 1871 – Liberian president Edward James Roye (pictured) was overthrown in modern Africa's first coup d'état.
 * 1892 – Ida B. Wells (pictured) began to publish her research on lynching in the United States, for which she was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 2020.
 * 1902 – A group of Russian explorers led by Baron von Toll left their camp on Bennett Island and disappeared without a trace.
 * 1921 – The Chicago Theatre (pictured), the oldest surviving grand movie palace, opened.
 * 1955 – Ngô Đình Diệm proclaimed himself president of the newly created Republic of Vietnam after defeating former emperor Bảo Đại in a fraudulent referendum supervised by his brother Ngô Đình Nhu.
 * 1955 – The first buildings in the sacred Oyasato-yakata complex of the Japanese new religious movement Tenrikyo in Tenri, Nara, were completed.
 * 1977 – Somali hospital cook Ali Maow Maalin began displaying symptoms of smallpox, becoming the last person known to be naturally infected by the disease.

 * Born/died: | Cuthbert of Canterbury |d|760| Gómez González |d|1111| Michael Maestlin |d|1631| Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet |d|1671| C. W. Post |b|1854| William T. Anderson |d|1864|  Elizabeth Cady Stanton |d|1902|  Yamashita Yoshitsugu|d|1935


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 27

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 * 1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy achieved a pyrrhic victory against the United States at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands.
 * 1992 – U.S. Navy Petty Officer Allen R. Schindler Jr. was killed in Sasebo, Japan, for being gay, which led to the U.S. Armed Forces' "don't ask, don't tell" policy.
 * 1999 – Armed men led by Nairi Hunanyan carried out a mass shooting at the Armenian parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan (pictured), National Assembly speaker Karen Demirchyan, and six others.
 * 2004 – The Boston Red Sox completed a sweep of the St. Louis Cardinals to win the 2004 World Series, breaking the so-called "Curse of the Bambino".
 * 2011 – Michael D. Higgins was elected President of Ireland with far more votes than any politician in the country's history.
 * 2019 – Christ Mocked (pictured) by Cimabue sold at auction in France for €19.5 million, a record for a pre-1500 artwork.
 * Born/died: | Mary Sidney |b|1561| Lope de Aguirre |d|1561| Gabriel Báthory |d|1613| Robert Hubert |d|1666| Oliver Leese |b|1894| Rex Shelley |b|1930|  Jan Duursema |b|1954|  Zoya Phan |b|1980


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 28

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 * 312 – Civil wars of the Tetrarchy: Constantine the Great defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in Rome.
 * 1453 – Ladislaus the Posthumous was crowned King of Bohemia, although George of Poděbrady remained in control of the government.
 * 1640 – Treaty of Ripon is agreed, ending the Second Bishops’ War and forcing Charles I to summon the Long Parliament, ultimately leading to the First English Civil War.
 * 1664 – The Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot, the forerunner to the Royal Marines, was established at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company in London.
 * 1886 – In New York Harbor, U.S. president Grover Cleveland dedicated the Statue of Liberty (pictured), a gift from France commemorating the Declaration of Independence; New York City office workers responded by spontaneously holding the first ticker-tape parade.
 * 1891 – The Mino–Owari earthquake, the strongest known inland earthquake in Japan's history, caused widespread damage and 7,273 deaths.
 * 1919 – The U.S. Congress passed the Volstead Act over president Woodrow Wilson's veto, reinforcing Prohibition in the United States.
 * 1925 – The funerary mask of Tutankhamun, possibly originally made for Queen Neferneferuaten, was uncovered for the first time in approximately 3,250 years.
 * 1940 – World War II: Italy invaded Greece after Greek prime minister Ioannis Metaxas rejected Benito Mussolini's ultimatum demanding the cession of Greek territory.
 * 1965 – In St. Louis, Missouri, U.S., the 630-foot (190 m)-tall steel catenary Gateway Arch was completed.
 * 1995 – A fire broke out on a Baku Metro train in Azerbaijan's capital, killing 289 people and injuring 270 others in the world's deadliest subway disaster.
 * 2007 – In the Argentine general election, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner became the first woman to be elected president of Argentina.

 * Born/died this day: | Margaret I of Denmark |d|1412| Peter Tordenskjold |b|1691| Robert Liston |b|1794| Charlotte Turner Smith |d|1806| Max Henry Ferrars |b|1846| Rosalie Slaughter Morton |b|1876| O. G. S. Crawford |b|1886|  Aki Toyosaki|b|1986|  Carlos Guastavino |d|2000|


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 29

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 * 1792 – William Robert Broughton, a member of George Vancouver's expedition, observed a peak in the present-day U.S. state of Oregon and named it Mount Hood after British admiral Samuel Hood.
 * 1831 – Rioting broke out in Bristol, England, after the Second Reform Bill failed to pass parliament, causing 250 casualties and £300,000 of damage (pictured).
 * 1868 – The Nanbu clan of Honshu surrendered to imperial forces during the Boshin War.
 * 1883 – The San Francisco Mint signed a contract to produce the Kalākaua coinage for the Kingdom of Hawaii.
 * 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: The Israel Defense Forces massacred at least 52 villagers while capturing the Palestinian Arab village of Safsaf.
 * 1955 – An explosion, likely caused by a World War II–era naval mine, capsized the Soviet ship Novorossiysk in the harbor of Sevastopol, with the loss of 608 men.
 * 1956 – Israeli Border Police massacred 48 Arab citizens of Kafr Qasim, among them women and children who were returning from work.
 * 1998 – At 77 years old, former astronaut John Glenn (pictured) returned to space aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission.
 * 1999 – About 10,000 people died when a tropical cyclone made landfall in the Indian state of Odisha near the city of Bhubaneswar.
 * 2012 – Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, made landfall in New Jersey and caused nearly $75 billion in damages, becoming the second-most destructive storm in U.S. history.
 * Born/died: | Edmund Calamy the Elder |d|1666| Dan Emmett |b|1815| Marie of Romania |b|1875|  Franz von Papen |b|1879| Joseph Goebbels |b|1897|  Frances Hodgson Burnett |d|1924|  Woody Herman |d|1987|  Lipman Bers |d|1993|

October 29: Republic Day in Turkey (1923)

 * 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Wauhatchie, one of the few night battles of the war, concluded with the Union Army opening a supply line to troops in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
 * 1960 – A C-46 airliner carrying the Cal Poly Mustangs football team crashed during takeoff from Toledo Express Airport in Ohio, U.S., resulting in 22 deaths.
 * 1986 – British prime minister Margaret Thatcher officially opened the M25, one of Britain's busiest motorways.
 * 1991 – Galileo became the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid when it made a flyby of 951 Gaspra.
 * 2013 – The first phase of the Marmaray project opened with an undersea rail tunnel (train pictured) across the Bosphorus strait.


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 30

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 * 1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Believing that they were outnumbered, the German garrison at Stettin surrendered to a much smaller French force without a fight.
 * 1863 – Seventeen-year-old Vilhelm, Prince of Denmark, arrived in Athens to become King George I of Greece (pictured).
 * 1888 – King Lobengula of Matabeleland granted the Rudd Concession to agents of Cecil Rhodes, leading to the creation of the British South Africa Company.
 * 1960 – At the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Michael Woodruff performed the first successful kidney transplantation in the United Kingdom.
 * 1965 – English model Jean Shrimpton wore a controversially short minidress to Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia – a pivotal moment of the introduction of the miniskirt to women's fashion.
 * 1966 – Singaporean leftist opposition leader Chia Thye Poh was detained under the Internal Security Act, which allows for preventive detention, and held for 32 years.
 * Born/died this day: | Mary Hayley |b|1728| Angelica Kauffman |b|1741| André Chénier |b|1762| Ignace Bourget |b|1799| Adelaide Anne Procter |b|1825| Caroline Spencer |b|1861| António Cabreira |b|1868|  Günther von Kluge |b|1882| Peter Warlock |b|1894|  William H. Webb |d|1899|


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 31

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 * 475 – Romulus Augustulus took the throne as the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
 * 1517 – According to one account, Martin Luther(depicted) posted his Ninety-five Theses onto the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, present-day Germany, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
 * 1913 – Public-transportation workers in Indianapolis went on strike (pictured), shutting down mass transit in the city.
 * 1941 – Approximately 400 workers completed the 60-foot (18 m) busts of U.S. presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln at Mount Rushmore in South Dakota.
 * 1973 – Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escaped from Mountjoy Prison in Dublin aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the prison's exercise yard.
 * 1984 – Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi (pictured) was assassinated by two of her own Sikh bodyguards, sparking riots that resulted in the deaths of thousands of Sikhs.
 * 1999 – All 217 people on board EgyptAir Flight 990 perished when the aircraft suddenly crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts.
 * 1999 – Australian sailor Jesse Martin arrived in Melbourne, becoming the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe solo, non-stop, and unassisted.
 * 2005 – The discovery of the Plutonian moons Nix and Hydra, based on photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope nearly five months prior, was announced.

 * Born/died: | Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile |d|1214| Cornelis Jol |d|1641| Anne Claude de Caylus |b|1692| John Keats |b|1795| Edmund Sharpe |b|1809| Marie Louise Andrews |b|1849| Juliette Gordon Low |b|1860| Charles A. Wickliffe |d|1869| Natalie Clifford Barney |b|1876|   Michael Collins |b|1930| Dave McNally |b|1942|  Bill Kibby |d|1942 Larry Mullen Jr. |b|1961|Greg Moore |d|1999

October 31: Halloween

Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum]] in Indianapolis killed 81 people and injured about 400 others.
 * 1917 – World War I: Allied forces defeated Turkish troops in Beersheba in Southern Palestine at the Battle of Beersheba, with the battle involving one of the last successful cavalry charges.
 * 1941 – More than 101 crew members of the USS Reuben James perished when their vessel became the first U.S. Navy ship sunk by hostile action during World War II after it was torpedoed by the German submarine U-552.
 * 1963 – A gas explosion at the [[Indiana Farmers Coliseum|
 * 2003 – After 22 years in power, Tun Mahathir Mohamad retired as Prime Minister of Malaysia.
 * 2015 – Shortly after takeoff, Metrojet Flight 9268 (pictured) exploded and then crashed into the Sinai Peninsula, killing all 224 people on board.