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The Age of Innocence

The Age of Innocence is a 1920 novel by American author Edith Wharton. It was her eighth novel, and was initially serialized in 1920 in four parts, in the magazine Pictorial Review. Later that year, it was released as a book by D. Appleton & Company. It won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making Wharton the first woman to win the prize. Though the committee had initially agreed to give the award to Sinclair Lewis for Main Street, the judges, in rejecting his book on political grounds, "established Wharton as the American 'First Lady of Letters. The story is set in the 1870s, in upper-class, "Gilded Age" New York City. Wharton wrote the book in her 50s, after she was already established as a major author in high demand by publishers.

Background
The Age of Innocence, which was set in the time of Wharton's childhood, than The House of Mirth, which Wharton had published in 1905. In her autobiography, Wharton wrote of The Age of Innocence that it had allowed her to find "a momentary escape in going back to my childish memories of a long-vanished America... it was growing more and more evident that the world I had grown up in and been formed by had been destroyed in 1914." Scholars and readers alike agree that The Age of Innocence is fundamentally a story which struggles to reconcile the old with the new.

Wharton was raised in the old world of rigid and proper New York society which features in the story. She had spent her middle years, including the whole of World War I, in Europe, where the devastation of a new kind of mechanized warfare was felt most deeply. As explained by Millicent Bell in the Cambridge companion to Wharton, "The Age of Innocence was composed and first read in the aftermath of [Theodore] Roosevelt's death and in the immediate wake of World War I. We frame the ending remembering the multiple losses... not only the loss of Roosevelt but the destruction of the prewar world and all that Wharton valued in it."

The Age of Innocence centers on an upper-class couple's impending marriage, and the introduction of the bride's cousin, plagued by scandal, whose presence threatens their happiness. Though the novel questions the assumptions and morals of 1870s New York society, it never develops into an outright condemnation of the institution. The novel is noted for Wharton's attention to detail and its accurate portrayal of how the 19th-century East Coast American upper class lived, as well as for the social tragedy of its plot. Wharton was 58 years old at publication; she had lived in that world and had seen it change dramatically by the end of World War I.

The title is an ironic comment on the polished outward manners of New York society when compared to its inward machinations. It is believed to have been drawn from the popular painting A Little Girl by Sir Joshua Reynolds that later became known as The Age of Innocence (though Reynolds himself never called it that; the title was given by the engraver Joseph Grozer in 1794), and was widely reproduced as the commercial face of childhood in the later half of the 18th century. The title, while ironic, was not as caustic as the title of the story featured in The House of Mirth, which Wharton had published in 1905.

Plot summary
Newland Archer, gentleman lawyer and heir of one of New York City's most illustrious families, happily anticipates his highly desirable marriage to the sheltered and beautiful May Welland. But he finds reason to doubt his choice of bride after the appearance of Countess Ellen Olenska, May's exotic and beautiful cousin. Ellen strikes Archer as the opposite of the innocent and ignorant May. She has returned to New York from Europe after scandalously separating herself (per rumor) from a disastrous marriage to a Polish count. At first, Ellen's arrival and its potential effect on the reputation of his bride-to-be's family disturbs Newland, but he becomes intrigued by Ellen, who brazenly flouts New York society's fastidious rules. As Newland's admiration for her grows, so do his doubts about marrying May, a perfect product of Old New York society; the match no longer seems the ideal fate he had imagined.

Ellen's decision to divorce Count Olenski causes a social crisis for the other members of her family, who are terrified of scandal and disgrace. Living apart can be tolerated, but divorce is unacceptable. To save the Wellands' reputation, a law partner of Newland asks him to dissuade Ellen from going through with the divorce. He succeeds, but in the process comes to care for her. Afraid of falling in love with Ellen, Newland begs May to elope and accelerate their wedding date, but she refuses.

Some weeks later, Newland tells Ellen he loves her; Ellen reciprocates, but is horrified that their love will hurt May, and so does not want him to leave May for her. Newland receives May's telegram agreeing to wed sooner.

Newland and May marry. He tries to forget Ellen. His society marriage is mediocre, and the social life he once found absorbing has become empty and joyless. Though Ellen lives in Washington and has remained distant, he is unable to cease loving her. Their paths cross while he and May are in Newport, Rhode Island. Newland discovers that Count Olenski wishes Ellen to return to him, but she has refused, although her family wants her to reconcile with him and return to Europe. Frustrated by her independence, the family has cut off her money, as the count had already done.

Newland obsessively seeks a way to leave May and be with Ellen. Despairing of ever making Ellen his wife, he urges her to run away with him, but she refuses. Then Ellen is recalled to New York City to care for her sick grandmother, who accepts her decision to remain separated and agrees to reinstate her allowance.

Back in New York and under renewed pressure from Newland, Ellen relents and agrees to meet with him in secret to consummate their relationship. But shortly after their conversation, Newland discovers that Ellen has decided to return to Europe. When May announces that she and Newland are throwing a farewell party for Ellen, Newland makes up his mind to abandon May and follow Ellen to Europe. That night, after the party, Newland resolves to tell May he is leaving her for Ellen. She interrupts him to tell him that she learned that morning that she is pregnant; she reveals that she had told Ellen of her pregnancy two weeks earlier, despite not being sure of it at the time. The implication is that May did so because she suspected the affair and that this is Ellen's reason for returning to Europe. Hopelessly trapped, Newland decides to remain with May and not to follow Ellen, surrendering his love for his child's sake.

Twenty-six years later, after May's death, Newland and his eldest son are in Paris. The son, learning that his mother's cousin lives there, has arranged to visit Ellen in her Paris apartment. Newland is stunned at the prospect of seeing Ellen again. On arriving outside the apartment building, Newland sends up his son alone to meet Ellen, while he waits outside, watching the balcony of her apartment. Newland considers going up, but in the end decides not to; he walks back to his hotel without seeing her. Newland's final words about the love affair are "It's more real to me here than if I went up."

Newland Archer
The story's protagonist is a young, popular, and successful lawyer living with his mother and sister in an elegant New York City house. Since childhood, his life has been shaped by the customs and expectations of upper-class New York City society. His engagement to May Welland is one in a string of accomplishments. At the story's start, he is proud and content to dream about a traditional marriage in which he will be the husband-teacher and she the wife-student. His life changes when he meets Countess Ellen Olenska. Through his relationship with her—first friendship, then love—he begins questioning the values on which he was raised. He sees the sexual inequality of New York society and the shallowness of its customs, and struggles to balance social commitment to May with love for Ellen. He cannot find a place for their love in the intricate, judgmental web of New York society. Throughout the story, he transgresses the boundaries of acceptable behavior for love of Ellen: first following her to Skuytercliff, then Boston, and finally deciding to follow her to Europe (though he changes his mind). In the end, Newland finds that the only place for their love is in his memories. Some scholars see Wharton most in Newland, rather than Ellen.

May Welland
Newland Archer's fiancée, then wife. Raised to be a perfect wife and mother, she follows and perfectly obeys all of society's customs. Mostly, she is the shallow, uninterested and uninteresting young woman that New York society requires. When they are in St. Augustine, though, May gives Newland a rare glimpse of the maturity and compassion he had previously ignored. She offers to release him from their engagement so he can marry the woman he truly loves, thinking he wants to be with Mrs. Rushworth, a married woman with whom he had recently ended a love affair. When he assures May that he loves only her, May appears to trust him, at least at first. Yet after their marriage, she suspects that Newland is Ellen's lover. Nonetheless, May pretends to be happy before society, maintaining the illusion that she and he have the perfect marriage expected of them. Her unhappiness activates her manipulative nature, and Newland does not see it until too late. To drive Ellen away from him, May tells Ellen of her pregnancy before she is certain of it. Yet there still is compassion in May, even in their mediocre marriage's long years after Ellen's leaving. After May's death, Newland Archer learns she had always known of his continued love for Ellen; as May lay dying, she told their son Dallas that the children could always trust their father, Newland, because he surrendered the thing most meaningful to him out of loyalty to their marriage. Outwardly, May is a picture of Innocence.

Ellen Olenska
May's cousin and Mrs. Manson Mingott's granddaughter. She became a countess by marrying Polish Count Olenski, a European nobleman. Her husband was allegedly cruel and abusive, stole Ellen's fortune and had affairs with other women. When the story begins, Ellen has fled her unhappy marriage, lived in Venice with her husband's secretary, and has returned to her family in New York City. She is a free spirit who helps Newland Archer see beyond narrow New York society. She treats her maid, Nastasia, as an equal, offering the servant her own cape before sending her out on an errand. She attends parties with disreputable people such as Julius Beaufort and Mrs. Lemuel Struthers, and she invites Newland, the fiancé of her cousin May, to visit her. Ellen suffers as much as Newland from their impossible love, but she is willing to live in emotional limbo so long as they can love each other at a distance. Ellen's love for Newland drives her important decisions: dropping divorce from Count Olenski, remaining in America, and offering Newland choice of sexual consummation only once, and then disappearing from his life. Her conscience and responsibility to family complicate her love for Newland. When she learns of May's pregnancy, Ellen immediately decides to leave America, refusing Newland's attempt to follow her to Europe, and so allow cousin May to start her family with her husband Newland. The reception of Ellen's character has changed over time. From a willful temptress to a fabulously independent woman, far ahead of her time, one thing is for certain: “Ellen has only to walk alone across a drawing room to offend its definitions.”

Mrs. Manson Mingott
The matriarch of the powerful Mingott family, and grandmother to Ellen and May. She was born Catherine Spicer, to an inconsequential family. Widowed at 28, she has ensured her family's social position through her own shrewdness and force of character. She controls her family: at Newland's request, she has May and Mrs. Welland agree to an earlier wedding date. She controls the money—withholding Ellen's living allowance (when the family is angry with Ellen), and having niece Regina Beaufort ask for money when in financial trouble. Mrs. Mingott is a maverick in the polite world of New York society, at times pushing the boundaries of acceptable behavior, such as receiving guests in her house's ground floor, though society associates that practice with women of questionable morals. Her welcoming Ellen is viewed skeptically, and she insists the rest of the family support Ellen. Mrs. Mingott was inspired by Edith Wharton's own portly great-great-aunt, Mary Mason Jones, who is said to have given rise to the phrase "Keeping up with the Joneses", due to her belief that fashionable society would always strive to keep up with her.

Mrs. Augusta Welland
May's mother, who has raised her daughter to be a proper society lady. May's dullness, lack of imagination, and rigid views of appropriate and inappropriate behavior are a consequence of this influence. Augusta has effectively trained her husband, the weak-willed Mr. Welland, to conform to her desires and wishes. Mrs. Welland is the driving force behind May's commitment to a long engagement. Without her mother's influence, May might have agreed sooner to Newland's request for an earlier wedding date. After a few years of marriage, Newland Archer foresees in May the attributes of his mother-in-law — a woman who is stolid, unimaginative, and dull. Later he comes to experience the same molding by May which was imposed upon Mr. Welland.

Minor characters

 * Christine Nilsson: A famous singer who performs in the opera Faust on the night of Archer and May's engagement. She sings in the same opera two years later.
 * Mrs. Lovell Mingott: May and Ellen's aunt, and the daughter-in-law of Mrs. Manson Mingott.
 * Lawrence Lefferts: A wealthy young man and a member of Archer's social circle. He is considered the expert on manners. Archer believes that Lefferts is behind New York society's rude refusal to attend the welcome dinner for Ellen. According to Archer, Lefferts makes a big show of his morality every time that his wife, Mrs. Gertrude Lefferts, suspects that he is having an affair.
 * Sillerton Jackson: The expert on the families that make up New York society. He knows who is related to whom, and the history of every important family. Mrs. Archer and Janey invite him over for dinner when they want to catch up on gossip.
 * Julius Beaufort: An arrogant British banker who tries to have an affair with Ellen. He even follows her to Skuytercliff during the weekend that Archer goes to visit Ellen. His banking business eventually fails, and he leaves New York society in disgrace. His downfall is probably inspired by the Panic of 1873.
 * Regina Beaufort: Julius Beaufort's wife and Mrs. Manson Mingott's niece. She comes to Mrs. Mingott to ask for a loan when her husband's bank fails. Her visit causes Mrs. Mingott to have a stroke.
 * Janey Archer: Archer's dowdy, unmarried sister who never goes out and relies on Archer. She and her mother invite guests to dinner so they can gossip about New York society. Janey disapproves of Ellen, because she is unconventional and independent, and does not simply tolerate her husband's abuse.
 * Mrs. Adeline Archer: Archer's widowed mother. She does not get out to events often, but loves to hear about society. She and Janey strongly believe in the values of New York society. Like Janey, she views Ellen with suspicion. Henry van der Luyden is her cousin. She is said to be based partly on Edith Wharton's own mother, Lucretia Rhinelander.
 * Mrs. Lemuel Struthers: A woman on the fringes of New York society. She is treated with mistrust and scorn until Ellen befriends her. She eventually becomes popular; at the end of the novel, May thinks it appropriate to go to her parties.
 * Count Olenski: Ellen's husband, a dissolute aristocrat who drove Ellen away with neglect and misery. At first, Count Olenski is content to let Ellen go. Later, though, he sends his secretary to America to ask Ellen to return, with the stipulation that she only appear as his hostess occasionally. He never appears in the story. He constantly cheats on Ellen, and a veiled remark of Lefferts' implies that he copulates with men, too. What other abuses and infidelities he commits are unknown, but he seems quite malicious.
 * Sophy Jackson: Sillerton Jackson's unmarried sister. She is a friend of Janey and Mrs. Archer.
 * Louisa and Henry van der Luyden: Cousins of the Archers, and the most powerful people in New York society. They only mingle with people when they are trying to save society. Mrs. Archer goes to the Van der Luydens after New York society snubs Ellen. They invite her to a very exclusive party in honor of the Duke of St. Austrey to show society that they support her. They are said to be based on the Van Rensselaers, who were cousins of Edith Wharton.
 * Duke of St Austrey: An English Duke. A cousin of the Van der Luydens, he is the guest of honor at a dinner party thrown by them. Both Ellen and Archer find him dull.
 * Nastasia: Ellen's Italian maid. She invites Archer and the other guests to wait in Ellen's sitting room.
 * Mr. Letterblair: The senior partner of Archer's law firm. He gives Archer the responsibility of talking Ellen out of her plans to divorce the Count.
 * Mrs. Rushworth: The vain married woman with whom Archer had an affair before his engagement to May.
 * Ned Winsett: A journalist. He and Archer are friends, despite their different social circles. He is one of the few people with whom Archer feels that he can have a meaningful conversation. Ned Winsett challenges Archer to think of things outside society.
 * Reggie Chivers: An important member of society. Archer spends a weekend at their country home on the Hudson River.
 * Marchioness Medora Manson: The aunt who took Ellen to Europe as a child. She now lives in Washington, where Ellen goes to take care of her. During a visit to New York, she tries to persuade Archer to convince Ellen that she should return to the Count. Beaufort's bank failure eventually ruins Mrs. Manson's fortune, and she moves back to Europe with Ellen.
 * Dr. Agathon Carver: A friend (and possible love interest) of the Marchioness Manson. Archer meets him at Ellen's house.
 * Du Lac aunts: Archer's elderly aunts. They offer their country home to May and Archer for their honeymoon.
 * Mrs. Carfry: An English acquaintance of Janey and Mrs. Archer. She invites Archer and May to a dinner party while they are on their European wedding tour.
 * M. Rivière: The French tutor of Mrs. Carfry's nephew. He fascinates Archer with his life story and intellect. Later, Archer learns that he was Count Olenski's secretary and the man who helped Ellen escape her marriage. The count sends him to Boston to try to convince Ellen to return to Europe.
 * Blenker family: The unfashionable, socially inferior family with whom the Marchioness and Ellen stay while in Newport. They are the guests of honor at Mrs. Emerson Sillerton's party, and seem to be a clever, kind bunch.
 * Dallas Archer: May and Archer's eldest child. He takes his father on a trip to Europe. Through Dallas, Archer learns that May felt sorry for his empty heart after Ellen left.
 * Fanny Beaufort: Dallas Archer's fiancée and the daughter of Julius Beaufort and his second wife. She asks Dallas to visit Ellen while he and Archer are in Paris.

Themes
One of the most prominent themes that can be seen throughout the text is the idea of wealth and social class. The characters take pride in their social standings and those that come from "old money" feel threatened by those that are coming from "new money". The characters' lives revolve around staying up to date on the latest fashion, gatherings, appearances, etc. Being accepted by this high society is the most important thing to the people in this novel and they're willing to do anything to be accepted. Being accepted by high-class acquaintances is another common theme that is displayed throughout this novel. Another theme that is clear in the novel is love, whether it be the love between Newland Archer and May Wellend, or the undeniable love and lust between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska. Newland Archer's infatuation with May Welland's innocence can't be missed in the beginning scenes of the novel. The theme of innocence changes throughout the novel, as May states she is pregnant only to ensure that Ellen stays away from Newland.

Changing perceptions of The Age of Innocence
Helen Killoran explains in The Critical Reception of Edith Wharton that critics have always admired Wharton's craftsmanship, her attention to structure, and her subtle ironies, along with her description of interiors (attributed to her time as an interior designer). In the decades since the book's publication, critics have placed more stress on the portrayal of money and class distinctions in the book.

Ellen Olenska and May Welland have also long been at the heart of critical discussion. Originally perceived as having done the right thing by talking about her pregnancy in order to save her marriage, May Welland can also be seen as manipulative rather than sympathetically desperate. Ellen Olenska brings up the general woman question in modern literary criticism.

Rather than focusing on the lavish lifestyle which Newland Archer has not had to work for, some modern readers identify with his grim outlook.

Hillary Kelly suggests that Wharton's "status made her story more than believable—it made the story real ... Novelists before Wharton understood that storytelling was an act of exposure, but she built it into the architecture of The Age of Innocence and weaponized it."

Film, television, and theatrical adaptations

 * In 1924, a silent-film adaptation was released by Warner Brothers. Directed by Wesley Ruggles, it starred Beverly Bayne as Countess Olenska and Elliott Dexter as Newland Archer. This film is now lost.
 * In 1928, Margaret Ayer Barnes adapted the novel for the stage. It was produced first on Broadway, where it starred Katharine Cornell as Countess Olenska.
 * In 1934, a film adaptation was directed for RKO Studios by Philip Moeller (based on both the novel and the play), starring Irene Dunne as Countess Olenska, and John Boles as Archer.
 * In 1993, Martin Scorsese directed a film adaptation, starring Michelle Pfeiffer as Countess Olenska, Daniel Day-Lewis as Archer, and Winona Ryder as May Welland Archer, with Richard E. Grant and Miriam Margolyes. Ryder earned an Academy Award nomination and a Golden Globe for her performance, and the film also won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design.
 * In 2009, an episode of the television teen drama Gossip Girl titled "The Age of Dissonance" was broadcast, in which characters put on a production of a play version of The Age of Innocence and find their personal lives mirroring the play.
 * In 2018, a stage adaptation by Douglas McGrath starring Sierra Boggess and Boyd Gaines was produced by The Hartford Stage and McCarter Theatre.
 * In 2024, the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, CA, debuted their Globe-commissioned world premiere of a new adaptation.

title: The Age of Innocence


text:
Talk:Thomas F. Wilson

Comment
He was also in The Informant! I didn't see it mentioned  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.16.39.29 (talk) 21:27, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

He was also in the movie APRIL FOOLS, A really great mystery movie. Check it out. I think he is very sexy and I'd like to see him in more movies in a leading role

YouTube
I know that YouTube links and MySpace profiles often get removed from Wikipedia articles for a variety of reasons, but I just want to point out that Tom pretty much considers his MySpace to be his official site (he pays more attention to it than any other spot), and he constantly promotes YouTube clips of his performances. So if this article gets targetted by the copyvio police, let's try to make sure that good sense prevails or blind policy adherance. - Ugliness Man 08:10, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Christfag?
I'm not too hip to the jive these days, but regardless of what 'Christfag' means, the term is incredibly vague and seems pejorative. The hotlink point to the 'born again christian' wikipedia article. This leads me to believe he's not a homosexual christian who is reclaiming the term. Damn straight citation needed. At any rate, unless someone can prove what it means, I would consider either finding out whether he's a born again christian and proving it or striking that sentence altogether. -75.157.198.121 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 11:02, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Back to the Future: The Game
It is supposed that Tom will return as the voice of Biff in Back to the Future: The Game but he has not been confirmed which is why I won't post it on the main article(must be verified by Telltale Games). I noticed a stupid markup for a "Back to the Future part 4" which will never exist as per Bob Gale and the FAQ on the 25th anniversary blue ray release.Darkcat1 (talk) 18:24, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Thomas F. Wilson, just an FYI
I was reading the filmography of Thomas F. Wilson, of Back to the Future fame, and discovered that he is credited with being in Disney's animated feature, Peter Pan with a release date of 1953. Considering Thomas F. Wilson's date of birth is in 1959, this would defintely be one hell of an appropriate accomplishment.

Someone may want to look in to this a bit further. Maybe he was in a production of Peter Pan, but it most likely was not that particular one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.101.157.149 (talk) 01:17, 17 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Preceding comment copied from the help desk - frankie (talk) 01:27, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I have removed the 1953 and 1961 entries. PrimeHunter (talk) 01:39, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thomas F. Wilson


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Talk:Antigone

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:28, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Plot summaries
I feel the plot detail describing Polynices (or Polyneices) as "a traitor to Thebes" could be detailed more; perhaps a link to the "Seven against Thebes" story? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cyucheng (talk • contribs) 05:09, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

huh i dont get it im am not into the whole old bookie thing

If kids read this for homework or in my daughters case t.o.m she would have no idea what so ever what this paragraph on Antigone was about! Also,I don't see how much of the plot summary on the second Antigone is worth mentioning on this page. It seems largely irrelevant to the subject of the article. [ alerante | “” 01:38, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC) ]

I agree. Maybe do a page of the first one, with a statement at the top to link to a page about the second one.

--69.105.23.15 00:04, 15 March 2006 (UTC)== Pronunciation == A pronunciation guide would be very helpful in this article. It's not intuitive to native speakers of English who've never heard the name before. --LostLeviathan 17:21, 29 November 2005 (UTC)i agree

Well, I can tell you some of the basics: Ed-a-pus, Jo-caust-a, An-tig-a-nee, Is-may-nee, Et-a-clees, Paul-a-nice-ees, Cree-on, and Hay-min. Also, I don't remember Ismene ever trying to take any part of the attempted burial, she was too cowardly to do anything like that and was pretty much on Etocles's side the whole time.

The pronuciations are different. FOr example, in the US we say "cree-on" but the brits say "cray-on" etc.

Ismene later wanted to confess to the crime as she felt ashamed. Antigone brushed her off and said "no share in work no share in death".

ATTENTION: Bogus remarks made in this page.

Someone has made bogus remarks in this page, i.e. about sex with a monkey and George W. Bush! I'm not proficient enough yet with Wiki to edit this, that's why i am saying it here.

brecht's antigone
I am wondering if anyone has any significant material about Bertolt Brecht's Antigone. About his research that he did in switzerland preceeding the production, or about his preface that places the antigone story within war riddled germany.

Ah, I remember reading something about the french version...We need a disamb page...

Mendelssohn's Antigone?
Otto Maria Carpeaux mentions, in his Literature History, that Mendelssohn wrote incidental music for an Antigone's presentation. Does anyone know it? --Leonardo T. de Oliveira 09:59, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Clock Version...
Well, a Clock Crew member made a version of this story...with Clocks! Should this be mentioned in the "books, plays, and other works" section?

http://www.newgrounds.com/portal/view/357491 ViperSnake151 01:42, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Interpretation
The name's interpretation is wrong. Αντιγόνη is 'the one opposing to its progeny'. If she was 'the opposite of her ancestors' she would be 'Αντιπρογόνη' (sic!).

 * The name Αντιγόνη may very well have the meaning of 'against or opposite to one's progeny', however this is not the only meaning permitted the word γόνη by no less a source than the Liddell and Scott Greek-English dictionary. Among the many other possible interpretations of the name from definitions therein contained are 'against or opposite one's race/stock/clan' (whcih would include one's ancestors), 'against or opposite one's generation' (meaning those of her own age), and 'against or opposite one's generation' (meaning the act or process which brought about one's birth, a meaning which would be very appropriate for the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta). It is often difficult to nail down a single meaning for ancient Greek names, especially as the words which formed the bases for those names often shifted in meaning around a central core idea (here, γόνης core idea would be reproduction/birth/procreation). 204.52.215.69 22:13, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Note on Pronunciation
In addition to providing the contemporary English pronunciation for the characters' names, it might also be helpful to those interested to include the reconstructed ancient pronunciation. In the case of Αντιγόνη, this would look something like (in contemporary American English) On-tǐ-gǒ-nay, with stress falling on the penultimate syllable (which modern English pronunciation shifts to a long O in compensation).204.52.215.69 22:13, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

But in any case, use IPA for the pronunciation, not a combination of "contemporary American English" with some random diacritics. "On-tǐ-gǒ-nay" actually provides at least one example of why the strategy of using ordinary English spelling to convey pronunciation is a bad idea: some speakers of English pronounce the vowel in "on" as "ahn" (as in "autobahn"), which is probably intended here — but others do not. Even within "contemporary American English" (not that that's a good standard in a document intended for an international readership) there is a lot of regional variation in vowel pronunciation (take for instance the Northern California vowel shift or the cod-caught merger.)145.116.226.238 (talk) 17:40, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Ariella Linovski
Um... I note that a paper by someone called Ariella Linovski appears twice on this page, including a direct link, and having read said paper I'm pretty sure it shouldn't. The list of 'Antigone-inspired stuff' is plays, poems, comic books and so on, not academic papers, and I don't see why it should get a mention in the external links section.

On the other hand, I could be wrong, which is why I'm asking here instead of going all delete-happy.

86.133.217.133 (talk) 13:34, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * No, you're right, the Inspired by section ends with what looks to be a list of adverts for people's plays, etc. Always be bold! But since you weren't I will be, and thanks for noticing this. Morgaledh (talk) 15:02, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Lost play
The play of antigone still survives, though this article says it doesn't. I have a copy on my bookshelf, and I just came from performing it yesterday. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.4.175.50 (talk) 12:07, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * That sentence refers to the version by Euripides. The play you are performing is by Sophocles. Downstage right (talk) 19:43, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

External Links moving to Antigone (Sophocles)
Hi, I noticed that the EL on this article actually refer to the Sophocles play, not the general mythological figure. I will take the liberty of moving them over to the correct article. It might be beneficial to have a clearer disambiguation message at the top of the Antigone article to include a link directly to the Antigone (Sophocles) article, since that is likely a very popular desired destination for users looking for the term "Antigone." Hslibrarygal (talk) 18:51, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Forced to knit
What does Queen Eurydice had been forced to knit through the entire play mean?--Phil5329 (talk) 15:35, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Who the fuck dose Creon think he is?

he da king blood innit —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.139.228.62 (talk) 22:50, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

Ishmael Reed's "The Last Days of Louisiana Red"
Reed's The Last Days of Louisiana Red is a significant adaptation of Antigone's story, transforming her into a spiritual force akin to Voodoo Loa. Characters include Minnie the Moocher (Antigone's perpetual rebirth), and the "Chorus," who becomes an embodied character in the novel who seeks revenge for the artistic changes that lead to the downfall of his role in plays. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.186.141.119 (talk) 16:55, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Interpretation of "Antigone" II
It is ludicrous to suggest that any parent would name his child "antifather", "antiparent" or "anti-her-family".

The meaning of the name Ἀντιγόνη is a daughter "worthy of her parents".

See Antigonus, which is the masculine version of the name.

Also if Antigone was meant to mean "in place of a mother" would be called Antimeter (Ἀντιμήτηρ).

The preposition "ἀντὶ" has many other meanings besides "against" or "opposite". The most common ones are "equivalent", "equal", "worthy", "in place of" etc., as in the word "ἀντάξιος", meaning "of equal value or worth". (see Liddell & Scott, usage of lemma ἀντί). For example ἀντιβασιλεὺς is not he who opposes the king but he who acts in the place of the king (i.e. an acting king, a regent or viceroy). Also Ἀντίπατρος (Antipater) is worthy of his father and not against his father.

Usually in Greek praenomen, a starting ἀντι- should be understood as "equal to" or "worthy of" the rest of the name.

Ἀντὶ has the meaning of "opposite" only when found in place names (cities, islands, etc.,) e.g. Ἀντίρριον (Antirhion), Ἀντίπολις (Antibes) etc, unless these are named after a person, e.g. Ἀντιόχεια (Antioch) is not opposite anything but is named after Antiochus.

I therefore propose that the rather naive interpretation of the name given in the main article be corrected or deleted. Proteusx (talk) 16:07, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

The basic value of Anti- is facing, in various senses: one of these is equivalent or counterpart which in agonistic settings (like names!) = able to stand up to/not going to back down in the face of. This is its commonest value as a prefix in names, with the second element in the name compound giving the area or quality where the bearer is (the name claims) going to assert himself against rivals: Antigonus can stand up to rivals in the quality of his birth, Antisthenes/Antalkidas in strength, Antimakhos in battle, Antiphon in speaking etc. Flounderer (talk) 11:48, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

The second commenter seems correct as far as broader usage goes, but the first commenter is correct that names like Antipater seem more on point in this instance. Also consider the irony contained in "worthy stand-in for her parents" when her parents begat her in an incestuous and famously tragic union. And now Antigone's familial love for her brother is leading her to an unlawful act of her own...

Anyway what I wanted to object to was the inclusion of "anti-men" among the possibilities, which is linguistically absurd and, dare I say, ideologically wishful. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.210.44.143 (talk) 01:23, 20 October 2012 (UTC)

Remove Robert Graves' Footnote
Robert Graves made one of his typical naïve errors when he imagined Anti-gyne  in  Antigone. Footnote 1 which refers to Robert Graves should therefore be removed. 96.228.244.95 (talk) 20:10, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Please put in a link to the full original text in Greek
Can we get a link to one or more authorotative texts in the original Greek? It should allow copying and pasting into google Translate. Thank you. I have already found https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7 but somehow google won't translate the pieces that I cut and paste into google Translate.CountMacula (talk) 16:34, 24 July 2021 (UTC)

Are half-siblings considered siblings?
What is the Wikipedia convention? I included Oedipus as one of Antigone's sibling but am afraid of the change being tenous Diki1995 (talk) 17:32, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * It depends on whether the figure in question is mentioned in the article with respect to their role as sibling, and whether this is of significance to the article's subject; WP:INFOBOXPURPOSE states that the infobox's job is to summarize (and not supplant) key facts that appear in the article. I generally wouldn't consider half-siblings to fall under this. – Michael Aurel (talk) 04:27, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antigone


text:
Surface integral

In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double integral analogue of the line integral. Given a surface, one may integrate over this surface a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a scalar as a value), or a vector field (that is, a function which returns a vector as value). If a region R is not flat, then it is called a surface as shown in the illustration.

Surface integrals have applications in physics, particularly with the theories of classical electromagnetism.

Surface integrals of scalar fields
Assume that f is a scalar, vector, or tensor field defined on a surface S. To find an explicit formula for the surface integral of f over S, we need to parameterize S by defining a system of curvilinear coordinates on S, like the latitude and longitude on a sphere. Let such a parameterization be $r(s, t)$, where $(s, t)$ varies in some region $T$ in the plane. Then, the surface integral is given by

\iint_S f \,\mathrm dS = \iint_T f(\mathbf{r}(s, t)) \left\|{\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial s} \times {\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial t}\right\| \mathrm ds\, \mathrm dt $$ where the expression between bars on the right-hand side is the magnitude of the cross product of the partial derivatives of $r(s, t)$, and is known as the surface element (which would, for example, yield a smaller value near the poles of a sphere, where the lines of longitude converge more dramatically, and latitudinal coordinates are more compactly spaced). The surface integral can also be expressed in the equivalent form

\iint_S f \,\mathrm dS = \iint_T f(\mathbf{r}(s, t)) \sqrt{g} \, \mathrm ds\, \mathrm dt $$ where $g$ is the determinant of the first fundamental form of the surface mapping $r(s, t)$.

For example, if we want to find the surface area of the graph of some scalar function, say $z = f(x, y)$, we have

A = \iint_S \,\mathrm dS = \iint_T \left\|{\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial x} \times {\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial y}\right\| \mathrm dx\, \mathrm dy $$ where $r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, f(x, y))$. So that $${\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial x}=(1, 0, f_x(x,y))$$, and $${\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial y}=(0, 1, f_y(x,y))$$. So,
 * $$\begin{align}

A &{} = \iint_T \left\|\left(1, 0, {\partial f \over \partial x}\right)\times \left(0, 1, {\partial f \over \partial y}\right)\right\| \mathrm dx\, \mathrm dy \\ &{} = \iint_T \left\|\left(-{\partial f \over \partial x}, -{\partial f \over \partial y}, 1\right)\right\| \mathrm dx\, \mathrm dy \\ &{} = \iint_T \sqrt{\left({\partial f \over \partial x}\right)^2+\left({\partial f \over \partial y}\right)^2+1}\, \, \mathrm dx\, \mathrm dy \end{align}$$ which is the standard formula for the area of a surface described this way. One can recognize the vector in the second-last line above as the normal vector to the surface.

Because of the presence of the cross product, the above formulas only work for surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space.

This can be seen as integrating a Riemannian volume form on the parameterized surface, where the metric tensor is given by the first fundamental form of the surface.

Surface integrals of vector fields
Consider a vector field v on a surface S, that is, for each $r = (x, y, z)$ in S, v(r) is a vector.

The integral of v on S was defined in the previous section. Suppose now that it is desired to integrate only the normal component of the vector field over the surface, the result being a scalar, usually called the flux passing through the surface. For example, imagine that we have a fluid flowing through S, such that v(r) determines the velocity of the fluid at r. The flux is defined as the quantity of fluid flowing through S per unit time.

This illustration implies that if the vector field is tangent to S at each point, then the flux is zero because the fluid just flows in parallel to S, and neither in nor out. This also implies that if v does not just flow along S, that is, if v has both a tangential and a normal component, then only the normal component contributes to the flux. Based on this reasoning, to find the flux, we need to take the dot product of v with the unit surface normal n to S at each point, which will give us a scalar field, and integrate the obtained field as above. In other words, we have to integrate v with respect to the vector surface element $$\mathrm{d}\mathbf s = {\mathbf n} \mathrm{d}s$$, which is the vector normal to S at the given point, whose magnitude is $$\mathrm{d}s = \|\mathrm{d}{\mathbf s}\|.$$

We find the formula
 * $$\begin{align}

\iint_S {\mathbf v}\cdot\mathrm d{\mathbf {s}} &= \iint_S \left({\mathbf v}\cdot {\mathbf n}\right)\,\mathrm ds\\ &{}= \iint_T \left({\mathbf v}(\mathbf{r}(s, t)) \cdot {\frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial s}\times \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial t} \over \left\|\frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial s}\times \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial t}\right\|}\right) \left\|\frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial s}\times \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial t}\right\| \mathrm ds\, \mathrm dt\\ &{}=\iint_T {\mathbf v}(\mathbf{r}(s, t))\cdot \left(\frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial s}\times \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}}{\partial t}\right) \mathrm ds\, \mathrm dt. \end{align}$$

The cross product on the right-hand side of this expression is a (not necessarily unital) surface normal determined by the parametrisation.

This formula defines the integral on the left (note the dot and the vector notation for the surface element).

We may also interpret this as a special case of integrating 2-forms, where we identify the vector field with a 1-form, and then integrate its Hodge dual over the surface. This is equivalent to integrating $$\left\langle \mathbf{v}, \mathbf{n} \right\rangle \mathrm dS $$ over the immersed surface, where $$\mathrm dS$$ is the induced volume form on the surface, obtained by interior multiplication of the Riemannian metric of the ambient space with the outward normal of the surface.

Surface integrals of differential 2-forms
Let
 * $$ f=\mathrm dx \mathrm dy\,f_{z} + \mathrm dy \mathrm dz\,f_{x}  + \mathrm dz  \mathrm dx\,f_{y} $$

be a differential 2-form defined on a surface S, and let

 * $$\mathbf{r} (s,t)=( x(s,t), y(s,t), z(s,t))$$

be an orientation preserving parametrization of S with $$(s,t)$$ in D. Changing coordinates from $$(x, y)$$ to $$(s, t)$$, the differential forms transform as

 * $$\mathrm dx=\frac{\partial x}{\partial s}\mathrm ds+\frac{\partial x}{\partial t}\mathrm dt$$
 * $$\mathrm dy=\frac{\partial y}{\partial s}\mathrm ds+\frac{\partial y}{\partial t}\mathrm dt$$

So $$ \mathrm dx \mathrm dy $$ transforms to $$ \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(s,t)} \mathrm ds \mathrm dt $$, where $$ \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(s,t)} $$ denotes the determinant of the Jacobian of the transition function from $$(s, t)$$ to $$(x,y)$$. The transformation of the other forms are similar.

Then, the surface integral of f on S is given by

 * $$\iint_D \left[ f_{z} ( \mathbf{r} (s,t)) \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(s,t)} + f_{x} ( \mathbf{r} (s,t)) \frac{\partial(y,z)}{\partial(s,t)} + f_{y} ( \mathbf{r} (s,t))\frac{\partial(z,x)}{\partial(s,t)} \right]\, \mathrm ds\, \mathrm dt$$

where
 * $${\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial s}\times {\partial \mathbf{r} \over \partial t}=\left(\frac{\partial(y,z)}{\partial(s,t)}, \frac{\partial(z,x)}{\partial(s,t)}, \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(s,t)}\right)$$

is the surface element normal to S.

Let us note that the surface integral of this 2-form is the same as the surface integral of the vector field which has as components $$f_x$$, $$f_y$$ and $$f_z$$.

Theorems involving surface integrals
Various useful results for surface integrals can be derived using differential geometry and vector calculus, such as the divergence theorem, magnetic flux, and its generalization, Stokes' theorem.

Dependence on parametrization
Let us notice that we defined the surface integral by using a parametrization of the surface S. We know that a given surface might have several parametrizations. For example, if we move the locations of the North Pole and the South Pole on a sphere, the latitude and longitude change for all the points on the sphere. A natural question is then whether the definition of the surface integral depends on the chosen parametrization. For integrals of scalar fields, the answer to this question is simple; the value of the surface integral will be the same no matter what parametrization one uses.

For integrals of vector fields, things are more complicated because the surface normal is involved. It can be proven that given two parametrizations of the same surface, whose surface normals point in the same direction, one obtains the same value for the surface integral with both parametrizations. If, however, the normals for these parametrizations point in opposite directions, the value of the surface integral obtained using one parametrization is the negative of the one obtained via the other parametrization. It follows that given a surface, we do not need to stick to any unique parametrization, but, when integrating vector fields, we do need to decide in advance in which direction the normal will point and then choose any parametrization consistent with that direction.

Another issue is that sometimes surfaces do not have parametrizations which cover the whole surface. The obvious solution is then to split that surface into several pieces, calculate the surface integral on each piece, and then add them all up. This is indeed how things work, but when integrating vector fields, one needs to again be careful how to choose the normal-pointing vector for each piece of the surface, so that when the pieces are put back together, the results are consistent. For the cylinder, this means that if we decide that for the side region the normal will point out of the body, then for the top and bottom circular parts, the normal must point out of the body too.

Last, there are surfaces which do not admit a surface normal at each point with consistent results (for example, the Möbius strip). If such a surface is split into pieces, on each piece a parametrization and corresponding surface normal is chosen, and the pieces are put back together, we will find that the normal vectors coming from different pieces cannot be reconciled. This means that at some junction between two pieces we will have normal vectors pointing in opposite directions. Such a surface is called non-orientable, and on this kind of surface, one cannot talk about integrating vector fields.

title: Surface integral


text:
User:Deus Ex

Hi, I'm Deus Ex (not my real name of course!). I made my first edit as a registered user on the 13th of March 2004, having made a few edits before as an anon IP. As of October 2005, I will not be active in Wikipedia editing for the foreseeable future. I cannot justify spending significant amounts of time on Wikipedia. I am also beginning to become frustrated by the lack of direction and progress-to become a truly reliable encyclopaedia, Wikipedia must have stable versions of important articles verified by qualified experts. The fact that the entry on Jimbo Wales himself contained inaccuracies that were not corrected until he personally intervened is a great example of the problem with Wikipedia-in the current set up, it is simply not reliable enough to be considered an encyclopaedia.Deus Ex 00:55, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Some pages I've created:
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title: User:Deus Ex


text:
User:Isol8d

The storyteller makes no choice soon you will not hear his voice his job is to shed light and not to master.

title: User:Isol8d


text:
Tolyatti

Tolyatti or Togliatti (Тольятти, ), known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964.

History
Stavropol was founded as a fortress in 1737 by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev. It was often imformally referred to as Stavropol-on-Volga to distinguish it from Stavropol, a larger city in southwest Russia, although Stavropol-on-Volga was never its official name.

The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which flooded the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site.

In 1964, the city was chosen as the location of the new VAZ automobile plant: a joint venture between Fiat and the Soviet government. It was then renamed Tolyatti after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party, who had been instrumental in setting up the venture with Fiat. Much of the modern city was constructed in the 1960s to house the workers of the factory, and today AvtoVAZ dominates the economy of the city.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tolyatti serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti is incorporated as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.

City divisions
For the administrative purposes, the city is divided into three districts:
 * Avtozavodsky (Автозаво́дский), also called Novy Gorod (literally New City), is the most modern; it was designed to host the workers of the city's AvtoVAZ factory, home of the Lada car;
 * Tsentralny (Центра́льный), also called Stary Gorod (lit. Old City), home of the city government and industrial center;
 * Komsomolsky (Комсомо́льский), the oldest district, built to house Hydroelectrical Plant builders.

Economy
The city's main claim to fame has been automobiles Lada (Zhiguli) manufactured by AvtoVAZ car plant employing some 110,000 people: in cooperation with Italy's Fiat since 1970, with General Motors since 2001 and with the Renault-Nissan Alliance since 2012, and once again becoming an independent, state-owned enterprise in 2022.

Other industries have moved into Tolyatti because it is close to abundant supplies of electricity and water. Petrochemicals are well represented in the city. Among the significant enterprises based there are "TogliattiAzot" (Russia's biggest ammonia manufacturer headed by Sergei Makhlai) and "KuibyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer and Russia's biggest caprolactam and polyamide producer). Other industries include building materials production, ship repair and electrical equipment and electronics.

In 2011 the Tolyatti Special Economic Zone was launched in order to develop the region further and diversify the economy of the city. Several auto-component producers (German Mubea and Japanese Sanoh among them) have since been registered, as well as large industrial manufacturers (Praxair and Edscha). By November 2012 the value of project investment totalled 10 billion Rubles and around 3000 jobs were being created.

Transportation
The transport system is well developed in the city. Public transport includes municipal buses and trolley-buses, and so-called "alternative" (commercial) transport or marshrutkas.

External transport routes are provided by two bus stations, two railway stations and a city harbour. Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (the nearest international airport, Kurumoch, is located 40 km away, towards Samara). The city is linked to the federal road network by the M5 "Ural" highway.

Culture, education, and sports
The creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir in the 1950s destroyed much of the city's history, so almost all the city's cultural points of interest date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals. A recent notable event was the 1998 opening of the large Tatishchev Monument near the Volga. The Transfiguration Cathedral was completed in 2002.

Education
Education is represented by over one hundred public and ten private schools, as well as several higher education institutions. Most notable ones include:
 * Togliatti State University (Тольяттинский государственный университет, ТГУ)
 * Volga Region State University of Service (Поволжский государственный университет сервиса, ПВГУС)
 * Tatishchev University of Volga (Волжский университет имени В. Н. Татищева, ВУиТ)
 * Togliatti Academy of Management (Тольяттинская академия управления, ТАУ)

Museums

 * AvtoVAZ Technical Museum
 * Tolyatti museum of local lore

Sports
In the eyes of the Soviet leaders, Tolyatti was a perfect Soviet city (since most population migrated here during the construction of AvtoVAZ factories) – many sports facilities appeared so that the "perfect Soviet person" could be healthy. The city has high-quality sports facilities: gymnasiums, swimming pools, ice arenas, association football and racing stadiums — as a result, many athletes, including Olympic Champion Alexei Nemov, Stanley Cup winners Alexei Kovalev and Ilya Bryzgalov had moved to Tolyatti. Former Montreal Canadiens defenseman Alexei Emelin, and former Washington Capitals winger Viktor Kozlov and defenseman Alexei Tezikov were born there. Daria Kasatkina, a professional tennis player, was born there.

Tolyatti is represented in almost every kind of team sports. Tolyatti's Lada-sponsored Ice Hockey Club broke the Moscow teams' domination of the game. The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball. Men's football (FC Lada Togliatti), basketball and handball teams also take part in national championships. As for the traditional national sport of Russia, bandy, there is a team founded in 2013, TOAZ, which however only takes part in a recreational league.

Mega-Lada Togliatti who race at the Anatoly Stepanov Stadium are a record 17-times champions of Russia.

Parks and monuments
Tolyatti has many parks, and many of these contain monuments of cultural, historical, and aesthetic interest. Examples include Victory Park with its Victory Monument and other monuments, Liberty Square with its Obelisk of Glory and other monuments, Central Park with its Mourning Angel (a memorial to victims of Soviet repression), large statue of Lenin, and other monuments, and other parks.

And there are other monuments outside the parks. The City Duma has been energetic in creating or designating historical and cultural monuments, ranging from the colossal equestrian Tatishchev Monument to the tumbledown Repin House and a monument to a faithful dog, and many other types.

Media
There are a number of local newspapers published in Tolyatti: Ploshchad Svobody, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye (Tolyatti Observer), business newspaper "Monday" ("Ponedelnik"), Volny Gorod, Gorodskiye Vedomosti, and a few others. In the end of the 1990s, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye published a series of articles on a local crime group. The stories drew attention to the group's connections with the local police. Subsequently, Togliatti Review saw two of its editors (Valery Ivanov and Alexei Sidorov) killed in 2002–2003.

The only local-born FM-band radio station is Radio August at 70.64 and 102.3 MHz.

Religion
Tolyatti is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious city. Most religious people in the city are of the Orthodox Christian faith. Muslims are the second largest group of believers. Also in the city are organizations of almost all major religions: Old Believers, Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Buddhists and others.

October 2007 bomb attack
During the morning rush hour of 31 October 2007, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in the city, killing at least eight people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor's office, said could be a terrorist attack. At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasus. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.

Organized crime
The city also has a reputation for gang violence.

Violent crimes
The city has witnessed a mafia killing spree: there have been 550 commissioned killings in Tolyatti over 1998–2004, five of those murdered were journalists.

Three chief architects of Tolyatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on July 7, 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.

A former city mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin, was murdered on November 15, 2008.

On December 13, 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration of Tsentralny City District of Tolyatti in 1991-1997 and Tolyatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street and left with serious head injuries. He died in hospital on February 24, 2009.

Corruption
The city's mayor in 2000–2007, Nikolay Utkin, was sentenced to seven years in prison on corruption charges.

Local government
Mayor Antashev Sergey Alexandrovich was born on December 16, 1959, in the city of Saransk, Mordovia. In 1994 he moved to Tolyatti, was accepted to the post of director of the heating network enterprise of TEVIS. In 2000 he graduated from the International Market Institute with a degree in management. From 2000 to April 9, 2012 - Marketing Director - Energy Sales Director of TEVIS. Deputy of the Duma of the city district of Togliatti IV (from 2005 to 2009) and V (from 2008 to 2012) convocations. From April 2012 to February 2015, he served as deputy mayor of the city of Tolyatti on urban economy. On April 12, 2017, the Tolyatti City Council appointed Sergey Antashev as the mayor of the city.

On March 4, 2021, Igor Ladyka was appointed acting mayor of the Togliatti city district, in connection with the resignation of Sergei Antashev.

On April 30, 2021, Nikolai Rentz took office as head of the Togliatti city district. The inauguration ceremony was attended by the Governor of the Samara Region Dmitry Azarov.

Twin towns – sister cities
Tolyatti is twinned with:

 * 🇺🇸 Flint, United States
 * 🇨🇳 Futian (Shenzhen), China
 * 🇧🇬 Kazanlak, Bulgaria
 * 🇨🇳 Luoyang, China
 * 🇭🇺 Nagykanizsa, Hungary
 * 🇮🇹 Piacenza, Italy
 * 🇩🇪 Wolfsburg, Germany
 * 🇦🇿 Mingachevir, Azerbaijan

Partner cities

 * 🇫🇷 Le Havre, France
 * 🇸🇮 Novo Mesto, Slovenia

Notable people

 * Bo Andersson, (born 1955), CEO of AvtoVAZ
 * Varvara Bakhmeteva (1815–1851), Mikhail Lermontov's love interest and muse
 * Vasily Banykin (1888–1918), chairman of the executive committee of the city after the October Revolution
 * Ilya Bryzgalov (1980) Former NHL goalie who won the Stanley cup in 2007
 * Artyom Dubinin (born 1989), professional ice hockey player
 * Denis Gurianov (born 1997), ice hockey player
 * Daria Kasatkina (born 1997), professional tennis player
 * Valentina Stupina, (1920–1943), pilot
 * Vasily Tatishchev (1686–1750), founder of the city
 * Alexei Nemov, (born 1976), Olympic champion in Artistic gymnastics

title: Tolyatti