text:
Peace Palace

The Peace Palace (Vredespaleis;, The Hague dialect: Freidespalès ) is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), The Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library.

The palace officially opened on 28 August 1913; it was originally built to provide a home for the PCA, a court created to end war by the Hague Convention of 1899. Andrew Dickson White, whose efforts were instrumental in creating the court, secured from Scottish-American steel magnate Andrew Carnegie US$1.5 million ($0, adjusted for inflation) to build the Peace Palace. The European Heritage Label was awarded to the Peace Palace on 8 April 2014.

Background
In 1908, Thomas Hayton Mawson won a competition to design the grounds. Because of budget constraints, he also had to discard design elements: mountains and sculptures. He made use of a natural watercourse on the site.

Conception

The idea of the palace started from a discussion in 1900 between the Russian diplomat Friedrich Martens and American diplomat White over providing a home for the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA). White contacted Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie had reservations, and at first was only interested in donating money for the establishment of a library of international law. White, however, was able to convince Carnegie, and in 1903 Carnegie agreed to donate the US$1.5 million ($0, adjusted for inflation) needed to house the court as well as to endow it with a library of international law. White described his idea to Carnegie:

"A temple of peace where the doors are open, in contrast to the Janus-temple, in times of peace and closed in cases of war [...] as a worthy testimony of the people that, after many long centuries finally a court that has thrown open its doors for the peaceful settlement of differences between peoples". Were such a fabric to be created, men would make pilgrimages from all parts of the civilized world to see it. It would become a sort of holy place, prized and revered by thinking men throughout the world, and to which, in any danger of war between any two countries, the minds of men would turn naturally and normally. The main difficulty now is that the people of the various nations do not really know what was done for them by the Conference; but such a building would make them know it. It would be an "outward and visible sign" of the Court, which would make its actual, tangible existence known to the ends of the earth"
 * —Andrew Dickson White to Andrew Carnegie, 5 August 1902

At first Carnegie simply wanted to donate the money directly to the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands for the building of the palace, but legal problems prohibited this, and in November 1903 the Carnegie Stichting was founded to manage the construction, ownership, and maintenance of the palace. This foundation is still responsible for these issues.

Construction
To find a suitable design, the foundation called for an open international competition. The winning design, set in the Neo-Renaissance style, was submitted by French architect Louis M. Cordonnier. To build within budget, Cordonnier and his Dutch associate J.A.G. van der Steur adjusted the design. The palace initially had two big bell towers in front and two small ones in the back. Only one big tower and one small tower remained in the final building. Also to save money, the separate library building from the winning design was incorporated into the palace itself.

The palace is filled with many gifts of the different nations who attended the Second Hague Conference as a sign of their support. Among the gifts are a 3.2 t vase from Russia, doors from Belgium, marble from Italy, a fountain from Denmark, wall carpets from Japan, the clock for the clock tower from Switzerland, Persian rugs from Persia, wood from Indonesia, Brazil and the United States of America and wrought-iron fences from Germany.

In 1907, the first stone was symbolically placed during the Second Hague Conference. The construction began some months later and was completed with an inauguration ceremony on 28 August 1913, attended by Andrew Carnegie, among others. At the ceremony, Carnegie predicted that the end of war was "as certain to come, and come soon, as day follows night."

In 2007, Queen Beatrix opened the new building for the Peace Palace Library of International Law, housing the entire catalogue of the library, a lecture hall and a new reading room in the bridge to the main building of the Peace Palace. Like the new Academy Hall, the library was designed by architects Michael Wilford and Manuel Schupp. A Visitors Centre was added to the Peace Palace in 2012, which is also designed by Michael Wilford.

In 2002, an eternal peace flame was installed in front of its gates.

Occupants
The Peace Palace has accommodated a variety of organisations:

 * Permanent Court of Arbitration (1913–present) The original occupant for which the Peace Palace was constructed. From 1901 until the opening of the palace in 1913, the Permanent Court of Arbitration was housed at Prinsegracht 71 in The Hague.
 * Permanent Court of International Justice (1922–1946) and its successor the International Court of Justice (1946–present). In 1922 the Permanent Court of International Justice of the League of Nations was added to the occupants. This meant the library was forced to move to an annex building, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration was moved to the front left of the building. In 1946, when the United Nations replaced the League of Nations, the International Court of Justice was established as the UN's principal judicial organ.
 * Peace Palace Library of International Law (1913–present). Being the original vision of Carnegie, the library grew quickly to house the best collection of material on international law. Although this stature is well in the past, the library still contains some original classical works, as the original copies of Hugo Grotius' works on peace and law and Erasmus' Querela Pacis.
 * The Carnegie Stichting (1913–present)
 * The Hague Academy of International Law (1923–present). Established in 1914, strongly advocated by Tobias Michael Carel Asser. Funds for the academy came from another peace project by Andrew Carnegie, namely the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, established in 1910.

Other international courts in The Hague, the Iran–United States Claims Tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and the International Criminal Court, are separate organizations, located elsewhere in The Hague.

Interior
The palace also features a number of statues, busts and portraits of prominent peace campaigners from around the world and of all eras.

title: Peace Palace


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Talk:List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)

Untitled
In the page the article belongs to, you will see the basic characteristics of the stations, which are:

The station's call letters

The nearest whole number to the station's frequency on the dial if the tenths digit of the station is not a 5 and the station is no lower than 91.5 (FM)

The station's frequency on the dial if the tenths digit of the station's frequency is a 5, or the station is 91.5 or lower. (Please see the FM radio page for why the tenths digit has to be odd.) (FM)

The station's amplitude on the dial (AM)

The city the radio station is in the metropolitan area of (At this moment, we have only Atlanta, Albany, Carrollton, Macon, Savannah, and Augusta stations, but soon, there could be more stations such as Columbus and Valdosta.)

The station's format

If you have any advanced characteristics of an FM or AM radio station to add, please put them in one of the links mentioned on the article (whichever station it belongs to.) The basic characteristics are the ones explained above. Here are some advanced characteristics:

The exact frequency if the tenths digit is not a 5 and the station is no lower than 91.5 (FM)

Any morning shows (e.g. Steve & Vikki) that the station has

What the station historically was (if already mentioned, you may put it into more detail)

The company (e.g. Clear Channel) that owns the station

A list of songs with female singers that the station plays (FM)

The station's official homepage

In what community is the station located EXACTLY, if not in the city limits of the city it is in the metropolitan area of

Anything else except the basic characteristics mentioned above

A list of songs with female singers that the station plays

 * Why would you list that? Adam Bishop 20:52, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

To answer a question someone suddenly asked...
Suppose you know of a song with a female singer and you wish you want to know what radio station plays it without having to buy a CD that has it. Such a list would certainly be help.

What should articles say?
Radiojon says Wikipedia's articles for Atlanta radio stations should have FM in them, but Hephaestos says they should not. What do you think?

Question: Should Atlanta radio stations have FM in their article names?

 * Votes for Yes: Radiojon
 * Votes for No: Hephaestos

It is important that article titles for all broadcast stations in the U.S. have the -FM, -AM, -TV, or -LP suffix in them, because each is a separate pool of letters/callsigns. As long as they are used outside the area of any other station with the same letters, there is no need for a second station to ask the first for permission to reuse those letters in another pool. For example, WASU-FM and WASU-LP (see WASU). Only in the case of translator stations should the suffix be omitted, and then it should only redirect to the parent station. –radiojon 23:29, 2004 Mar 18 (UTC)
 * A user named TheCustomOfLife says that TV stations should not have the TV suffix if there are no other stations that they share the same callsign with. 66.245.92.116 13:30, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Can we please not start up "votes" every time there is a query about naming articles? We have conventions (see Naming conventions) precisely to avoid this sort of argument breaking out on every talk page. From Naming conventions: "Generally, article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature." And: "Use the most common name of a person or thing that does not conflict with the names of other people or things." -- Oliver P. 02:40, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

WHTA
Uh oh! I saw that this page is linked to from a set of Wikipedia articles with misspellings. It says that "WHTA" is a mis-spelling of "what". This really isn't so. WHTA are the call letters of a radio station. 66.32.82.13 18:23, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

title
This is the most awkward title I have ever seen... ok, maybe I exaggerate. But it's rather awkward, you must admit... :) ugen64 01:38, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * What is a less awkward title for this article?? 66.32.137.112 20:06, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Would List of radio stations in the U.S. state of Georgia be any better? -- Oliver P. 22:57, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

AM article titles
Somebody wrote on User Talk:Radiojon that AM articles should have just the call letters, but that FM articles should include FM. Does this make sense?? 66.245.18.154 00:47, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Basic, Advanced, Business
There are basic and advanced characteristics of a station, as you know. However, according to what I saw at What Wikipedia is not, there is a third kind, called business, which the rules say not to put on any Wikipedia article. What does this include??

 * 1) Phone numbers

66.245.73.208 20:04, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Categories of Atlanta FM radio stations
Wikipedians are now working on putting articles into categories?? Any NPOV categories for Atlanta FM radio stations?? 66.245.3.129 21:49, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Help!
I put in the radio stations by state template and I got a bad category; namely the dis-ambiguation category Category:Georgia. Any way to fix this?? 66.245.3.195 17:27, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Recent Move
Does anyone else disagree with the recent move to "List of radio stations in Georgia by city"? Considering that Georgia is also a country, I thought it was wise to keep the "(U.S. State)" portion of the title. It helps to keep readers from getting confused. Also, does the format by which we list the stations really matter? I guess the new title just seems to be unweildy to me. Maclyn611 23:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Note: To whoever sees this question; here are 2 important notes:

 * 1) The page move was brought to my attention when I saw a template on the upper right that allowed me to create another list of radio stations in Georgia, one by call letters.
 * 2) I don't think it is likely that a page for the radio stations in the country of Georgia will be created at any time soon. Anyone disagree?? Georgia guy 23:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I understand your premise #1, and I think it makes sense. As for your second premise, what we need to do is to follow form in these matters. I wouldn't want to set a negative precedence concerning the title "Georgia." However, I would like the article to be "List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. State) by city" but I think that's a little bit too bulky. Have we considered putting all the formats for station-listing on the same page and just making sub-links? That would prevent the proliferation of articles "by city" "by alphabetical," etc... Maclyn611 14:40, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Adjacent markets
I'd like to point out that much of far northwest Georgia is served by the Chattanooga market, which of course is in Tennessee. Likewise, the border area of east-central Alabama is closer to Columbus, Georgia, and parts of South Carolina are in the media markets of Savannah, Georgia and Augusta, Georgia. A small portion of far-southeast Georgia would get stations mostly from Jacksonville, which is only two counties south of the Florida state line. I think it would be wise to link to those markets. –radiojon 21:24, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)

The other Georgia
Please add link or redlink to radio stations of Georgia the country. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.131.220.118 (talk) 16:17, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Are there at least 10 such radio stations that are likely going to have Wikipedia articles in the near future?? Georgia guy (talk) 17:04, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html to http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/FMq.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html to http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html

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Race
Did God say in the Bible "races are not to mix?" Where is it found in the Bible? 2600:6C5A:87F:9074:80A0:9ED3:840A:177B (talk) 14:31, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:List of places in Saxony

Untitled
silesia not in Saxony??

--Yak 20:44, Feb 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, Silesia is not in Saxony, but a tiny part of Saxony is part of Silesia, see Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis and Görlitz. Actually this list is quite useless, and I just pieced it hastily together in order to replace an even more useless list. A list like this does not provide the possibility to give explanations, so the users have to click on the links and see why a place is in this list. -- Baldhur 21:56, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of places in Saxony


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Kevin Bloody Wilson

Kevin Bloody Wilson (born Dennis Bryant; 13 February 1947) is an Australian musical comedian who performs comical songs with his heavy Australian English accent and often including sexual themes. He has won one ARIA Music Award.

Early career
Bryant was born in Bathurst, although he identifies with Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, where he was an electrician in the gold mines.

In the 1970s, Bryant fronted his own band called 'Bryan Dennis and the Country Club'. He also used the name 'Bryan Dennis' when he hosted a country music show on radio 6KG in Kalgoorlie from 1973 to 1980, before he was thrown off air for playing the parody song, "I'm Heaving on a Jet Plane".

He moved to Perth and began playing bawdy songs as a hobby, singing at pubs and Australian rules football clubs. He had adopted the name Kevin Bloody Wilson by 1984, when he put together a cassette of his songs called Your Average Australian Yobbo, which he sold at gigs and by mail order. He managed to sell 22,000 copies of the cassette before it was eventually transferred to LP, where it went on to sell many thousands more.

He is one of Perth's most famous comedians. His humour is regarded by media commentators as politically incorrect. As one of Australia's most successful comedians, he continues to tour and performs an average of 120 concerts worldwide each year.

Wilson is married and his wife Betty comes on tour with him. She sells merchandise at shows and has appeared on guest vocals in a few of his songs, including "Dick'taphone".

Wilson appeared on the popular television show Enough Rope with Andrew Denton in October 2008, which resulted in the show's highest ratings of the year. On the show, he told of how he met his wife Betty, who was originally from Kalgoorlie, but lived in Perth at the time they met. She had returned to the town to visit friends and her brother who still lived there and they met when she attended one of his shows. Betty, who was in the studio audience, told Denton that Wilson was a romantic who regularly bought her flowers.

"The Genie in the Bottle", a country song which Wilson co-wrote with Adam Harvey, spent more than six weeks on the Australian Country Singles chart as well as reaching the number one video spot on the Country Music Television Channel in 2008.

Compilation albums
His songs generally consist of irreverent humour and plenty of swearing with eclectic musical backing.

ARIA Awards
He has been nominated five times for the ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release at the ARIA Music Awards:

 * rowspan="2" | 1987
 * rowspan="2" | Kev's Back
 * Best Comedy Release
 * Won
 * Highest Selling Album
 * Nominated
 * 1990
 * My Australian Roots
 * rowspan="4" | Best Comedy Release
 * 1992
 * Let's Call Him Kev
 * 1995
 * Let Loose Live in London
 * 2002
 * The Second Kummin' of Kev
 * Let's Call Him Kev
 * 1995
 * Let Loose Live in London
 * 2002
 * The Second Kummin' of Kev
 * 2002
 * The Second Kummin' of Kev
 * 2002
 * The Second Kummin' of Kev

Website
Wilson was the first Australian performing artist to have a website which a friend set up for him in 1993, which has since been a major source of album and product sales. He also runs an internet radio station kevfm.com, which was the first 24-hour adult comedy radio station.

Daughter
Tammy Jo "Jenny Talia" Bryant has followed in her father's footsteps singing similarly bawdy songs, some of them being reworded Kev songs, but done from a female perspective.

title: Kevin Bloody Wilson


text: User:Mark Dominus

title: User:Mark Dominus


text:
Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording

The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album has been awarded since 1959. The award has had several minor name changes:
 * In 1959 the award was known as Best Performance, Documentary or Spoken Word
 * From 1960 to 1961 it was awarded as Best Performance – Documentary or Spoken Word (other than comedy)
 * From 1962 to 1963 it was awarded as Best Documentary or Spoken Word Recording (other than comedy)
 * From 1964 to 1965 it was awarded as Best Documentary, Spoken Word or Drama Recording (other than comedy)
 * In 1966 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word or Drama Recording
 * From 1967 to 1968 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama Recording
 * From 1969 to 1979 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word Recording
 * From 1980 to 1983 it returned to the title of Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama Recording
 * From 1984 to 1991 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Recording
 * From 1992 to 1997 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Album
 * From 1998 to 2022 it was awarded as Best Spoken Word Album. In 2020, spoken-word children's albums were moved here from the Best Children's Album category.
 * From 2023 it will be awarded as  Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording. Poetry reading now has its own Grammy category, Best Spoken Word Poetry Album.

This category now also includes audio books and story telling. Up to and including 2022, it also included poetry reading.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for a recording released in the previous year.

Multiple wins & nominations
The following individuals received two or more awards:

The following individuals received three or more nominations:


text:
Talk:Chestnut

Chestnut blight
Does the american chestnut blight affect the horse chestnut?

 * Can't imagine it would, as the trees are completely unrelated. KristianMikk

Image
Found a good image for chestnuts at: http://www.pusanweb.com/food/guides/streetfood/chestnut.jpg I'm too lazy to check for copyrights and upload and all. Someone plz. do it for me. For more images see: http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&newwindow=1&q=chestnut&sa=N&tab=wi

Metric System
Why is only the Metric system used instead both English and Metrics? I have no idea as most Americans what the fuck a meter is. Someone must have gone through the entire article and removed all mention of the English system. That was a rotten thing to do. --68.118.188.188 (talk) 01:12, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

Difference between hazelnut and chestnut
cuz i googled images and got the same results for each nut thanks!
 * Wikipedia has a nice article on hazel nut that has clear pictures. What's not clear from the pictures is that hazel nuts are much smaller. --71.51.64.122 (talk) 23:21, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

 * There are many differences. The seed are among the few things that look somewhat alike. But as entire plants they are quite dissimilar. Though they both have their male flowers in catkins for example, and in this particular case this is even a sign of their relationship (it was once believed that most all plants with catkins would belong to a group called Hamamelididae, but this is not correct).
 * Altogether, one might say that a chestnut and a hazelnut plant are about as closely related as a human and a capuchin monkey. They are not too far apart; as your question shows, one can recognize that. But they are not particularly close either. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 17:54, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

nutritional info request
Could someone edit this article with some nutritional info? As I understand it, chestnuts differ from most other nuts in having little or no fat and very little protein -- but lots of starch. I would like to see more about content analysis for chestnuts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.167.13.20 (talk) 02:22, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know about them, we don't eat the Common ("Horse") Chestnut, and the Edible Maron Chestnut does not grow here. HOWEVER, the article states that chestnuts have way more starch than potatoes. While this may be technically true, it is due to the high water content of the potato. The nutritients of potato are almost completely carbohydrates, a bit of protein, it's a (fattening) carbohydrate food like rice and noodles --88.74.176.26 (talk) 11:29, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Which species of chestnut is the Dwarf Chestnut?
Which species of chestnut is the Dwarf Chestnut? Reading from the [Grocer's Encyclopedia] -- search for Dwarf Chestnut, it says

"a low tree, bearing fruit the size of a hazel nut. A number of species are native to the East. It does not grow south of Maryland."

- Grocer's Encyclopedia 1911

Please add the historical name of Dwarf Chestnut to the article if the correct species is found.

Thanks, Onionmon 06:50, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Has been added (not by me) - Castanea pumila, whose scientific name indeed literally means "tiny chestnut". Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 17:41, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Chinkapin redirects
Someone needs to straighten out the redirects here. Chinkapins are not chestnuts. The subject word is "chestnut", a common name, not Castanea, a genus name. Chinkapins and chestnuts both belong to Castanea, which should be the topic. "Chinkapin" and "Chestnut" should redirect to Castanea.
 * Partly correct, partly wrong (and fixed that). Chinkapins are a number of Fagaceae (including some Castanea), but for Castanopsis "chinkapin" is the only name that is used to any extent in English. Outside North America "chinkapin" is not used for Castanea to any extent, and scientists use it for some Castanea, all Castanopsis, and (as "golden chinkapin") for Chrysolepis with no clear pattern, says Google Scholar. So Chinkapin is now disambiguation. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 17:38, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

chestnut & maggots
About the maggots in the chestnuts, are they 'fly' maggots? How do they get inside the chestnuts? Do the flies lay eggs outside the chestnut so the maggots will crawl into the tip of the chestnut? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.66.218.156 (talk) 14:52, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * IONO exactly what maggots you refer to, but usually the insects (flies, midges...) lay their eggs inside the flowers and the larvae then grow together with the chestnut, getting inside before it gets the spiny husk. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 17:39, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Castanea Latin name
Castanea is not a Latin but a Greek name.Even in modern greek we call it καστανιά(castania)...It is widely known that many latin words come from greek ones...In modern greek "Kastanos andras" means brown-haired man...kastanos means dark brown from the co;our of chestnuts(kastana) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.75.219.17 (talk) 00:35, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

What we need here is a link to some dictionary that says what you say (i.e. showing that the greek version predates the latin one). Am keeping that in mind... but if you've got one it'll be done quicker. Basicdesign (talk) 21:08, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Reversion of extensive GF edits
Many apologies for reverting many recent good-faith edits. Can we take a breather and discuss several issues raised please. I think much of the material is worth including, but we need to make sure we don't lose existing material, nor introduce multiple errors and style mistakes. I'll list some of these in a minute. Richard New Forest (talk) 20:09, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * hi. don't want to walk onanyone's shoes. Have faithfully re-integrted everything of past article in new thing. It does not show all of it yet b/c havee not finished putting in everything, there are bits at the end. Have even added refs to what was not so referenced, and intended to go back to the previous version to check on the refs I may have emissed.

 * What else? Basicdesign (talk) 20:21, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Again, apologies for wholesale reversion. I started to do some corrections, but realised that there were very many to do, and that further edits were going on.  Here are a few of the problems:
 * Scientific names are always in italics, and the second (species) name never has an initial capital.
 * Bold is only used in certain circumstances on WP, and not for emphasis (see MOS:BOLD).
 * Links should not be to dabs already linked in header.
 * We are talking of species here, not varieties.
 * In this article, English names of species are not capitalised. In any case, English names of more general types (oak, beech, chestnut) are not capitalised.  Nor are
 * Names of publications are italicised.
 * Sorry, no time just now to go into it in more detail. Can I suggest editing one bit at a time, without changing the order, and giving time for discussion along the way?  I do like the new nutrition section.  Richard New Forest (talk) 20:26, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

"editing one bit at a time, without changing the order, and giving time for discussion along the way" looks what I wanted to do. True I haven't thoroughly gone into that sort of details so far, I just do them as I meeet them til I've finished putting the lot. I wrote that big mass of infos, intending to then put it in bit by bit, but it didn't work out with the refs, had to have the lot in to see where the faults are. Can I please finish putting the whole in and so finish with the refs adjustments, then we can start on the less complicated bits - we could split the work, onee of start by the begining and thee other by the end? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Basicdesign (talk • contribs) 20:35, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Meaning, I can't do much if you don't reverse the reversal... You still there? (not b***ered off, just like that, after having removed everything? b/c what you mention is petty motive quickly sorted and not worth removing good info. I can't plug on that fully til aftere the ref bit is finished...). Thanks for letting the baby out before wiping off the smears... :-) Basicdesign (talk) 20:47, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry – other things to do. I suggest either doing one section at a time, and being patient, or restore the edits and do it all in one go – then be prepared to have it heavily edited.  Perhaps pay a bit more attention to detail as you go..?  What I'm trying to avoid is having to plough through big edits, where unchanged and reasonably stable text is hidden amongst the new stuff.  I certainly don't want to hinder the article being improved.  Richard New Forest (talk) 21:08, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * fuuiii, thanks, u still there :-). As I said, I don't really have the choice other than putting everything up, because of the refs. Have started going thru what you said. I often copy names directly from the sites I read them in, so some have capitals at second latin names. Have seen a couple, will probably miss some - like for thee rest. Yep, am keeping your list on desktop. But must say for now am all concentrated on the refs, that needs a lot of attention, it's a real puzzle, takes ages! Nearly there. As you may have noticed, I've got a keyboard that misses a few buttons and so doubles letters or misses some aphazardly, very pronee on doubling e's and missing 'a's, that is already a challenge...
 * bold: have used it to differenciate heads of paragraphs so as to not add too many sub-paragraphs. Don't mind any other way of differenciating these, just it must be seen as different paragraphs one way or another.
 * heavy edits: all the better. But it would be good to see any stuff removed in the discussion page, and help to find the page where it must go, coz it's all interesting. There's some info in the discussion page I hadn't seen (the dwarf chestnut, cute). Just added it too. Okay, you alright for reversing your reversal? Basicdesign (talk) 21:24, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Go ahead. My bedtime anyway...  Richard New Forest (talk) 22:27, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * okay. Sweet chestnut dreams ;-))Basicdesign (talk) 22:52, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Plural of species
"Native Americans were eating America's own species, Castanea dentata. ...etc" is a cheat on that the word 'species' looks the same in singular and plural. Hence I've added "mainly Castanea dentata and some others". Makes the sentence heavier but is more accurate. Could also say "America's own several species..." but then you lose the fact that dentata was so dominant. To choose... Basicdesign (talk) 14:32, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Also "The European and west Asian Sweet Chestnuts are susceptible, but less so than the American specie" (singular specie). ...Basicdesign (talk) 15:55, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * "Species" is both singular and plural, like sheep and trousers. "The American species" is correct.  There is no word "specie" in this sense, though it is sometimes made up in error (for the same reason you did).  One day it may become a word – such things have happened before: "cherry" is a made-up word, imagined to be the singular of "cherys" (from French cerise), which was already singular; "pea" was made up from "pease", which was a mass noun (like milk or sand) so had no plural ("pease pudding" was not made from "peas" as "milk pudding" is not made from "milks") – see back-formation.    Richard New Forest (talk) 16:23, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * at this stage:
 * "for the same reason you did": nah, I just as I said "faithfully took in what was there" when I arrived. Native tongue's French, here, so wld have hesitated between 'specie' and 'specia' and wld have settled by making the sentence plural :-) Was just about to leave you a note saying that "I probably overdid it with the capitals, but in doubt I give respect to trees and thanks for not overdoing it yourself when you de-capitalise". Got to stop for a while. Thanks (for letting me potter with it long enough for the overhaul, notably :-). Basicdesign (talk) 16:36, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * P.S.: I think I'll go for hazelnuts and walnuts now; and to see what mix of planting is best in various conditions. Want to check New Zealand in particular. (If you have any ideas on that, by all means please do leave them on my page, thanks). So your turn to play... Basicdesign (talk) 16:41, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Sub-species = ?
Here in Plants for a future it says:
 * "The sub-species C. pumila ashei. Sudw."

I thought I had understood it as: Castanea is the genus, pumilla or sativa or ... is the species, "underneath" you get the varieties. What is that "sub-species C. pumila ashei. Sudw." doing? What in there is the sub-species: the pumila bit or the ashei bit? Basicdesign (talk) 19:38, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

"sheltered from the early morning sun" + ??
Here in Plants for a future (same link as above) it says: "The young growth in spring, even on mature plants, is frost-tender and so it is best to grow the plants in a position sheltered from the early morning sun". That doesn't make obvious sense, if any at aall. It can make sense imagining that if the cell walls are frozen, better thaw the plant / animal slowly. But I wouldn't think that you get a blazing hot sun straight away in the morning after a night's frost, unless in very special circumstances which are not the point here. Nah, it just doesn't fit. And it sure wouldn't be the first cckup I find in pfaf (I like them but they ain't the foremost frontline on exactitude, must be said). So, what does that mean, "sheltered from the early morning sun"?Basicdesign (talk) 19:39, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * My guess would be something to do with photoinhibition which is more of a problem when it is cold. 131.111.30.24 (talk) 11:43, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was page not moved. —harej (talk) (cool!) 23:35, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Chestnut → Castanea — This article is about the genus Castanea, some of whose members are called "chestnut", and some "chinkapin" (chinquapin). "Chestnut" is not really a correct title, as the chinkapins are not called chestnuts. I therefore propose that the article title is changed to the same as the subject: "Castanea". The current disambiguation page Castanea would be deleted, and the one (really) other meaning of "Castanea" would be dealt with by a hatnote. Richard New Forest (talk) 17:59, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * If someone searched for "chestnut", where would they end up? Would you replace the Castanea disamb page, with a redirect from Chestnut to Castanea?Kaiwhakahaere (talk) 21:49, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes. Richard New Forest (talk) 12:28, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Utterly oppose. We are optimized for the lay reader, not the specialist. The hatnote for the placename can be done anyway. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 00:14, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I respect your opposition, but it would be helpful if you could explain your reasons. The subject of the article is the genus including both chestnuts and chinkapins.  Castanea is in fact the only single name by which the subject of the article is known, to lay readers and specialists alike.  How do you propose to deal with the article title not covering all of its subject?  (Did you mean to link to WP:NC(CN) – which does anyway allow other conventions?)  Richard New Forest (talk) 12:28, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Support per WP:NC (flora). Multiple common names exist for the species included in the taxon. They are all members of the genus Castanea, but they are not all chestnuts. --Rkitko (talk) 21:26, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Support, per nom. "Chestnut" isn't a synonym for the genus Castanea. Chestnut could be a dab page, a redirect, or (preferably, IMO) an article discussing chestnut, the nut, much like hazelnut. Guettarda (talk) 02:21, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually there's plenty of content here about the nut, with a little info about the genus tacked onto the top. So actually I'd say split this article into one about the genus and another about the nut. Guettarda (talk) 02:24, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I think your suggestion is a good one, assuming that the nut material does not apply solely to Sweet Chestnut, in which case it should be moved there. Richard New Forest (talk) 07:45, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Support to move to Castanea. Article content is regarding genus. --Caceo (talk) 01:44, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Most of the article is not about the genus. To satisfy taxonomical purists, the content pertaining to the genus can be split into a separate article. older ≠ wiser 22:40, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Look the major topic, otherwise to many article should be split before to move. --Caceo (talk) 23:17, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose per User:Bkonrad and User:Pmanderson. If, as the nominator states above, chestnut is to redirect to Castanea following a move, then why move the article away from the common name?  If it's necessary to have information on the genus at an article title unpolluted with a base English name then execute a split as User:Guettarda suggests.  —   AjaxSmack   06:39, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Support with conditions. I was going to say move and leave the fruit and its uses at chestnut.  However I thing that the better choice is to move the dab page to the main name space.  I was going to say the fruit is the primary use.  But after reviewing the dab page, I'd argue that clearly there can not be a primary use.  The addition condition is that the fruit and its uses are significant and merits a separate article. Right now, finding this on the dab page and then in the article is near impossible.  I think this position supports those in favor of the move and the objections of those who are opposed. If more needs to be split out of the genus article to leave one for the technical botanical writers then so be it, but create one or more appropriate articles for the lay readers who what everything but the botanical material. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:44, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose [original proposer...]. After considering the various comments made, I now think that my original proposal as made is not the best one.  I now agree with several others, and think User:Guettarda's suggestion is better: to split the article into one about chestnut-the-nut and another about the genus.  The first could remain at Chestnut or go to Chestnut (nut), with Chestnut (disambiguation) moving to Chestnut.  The genus material would split out into Castanea, dealing with the original problem I perceived, and the current dab Castanea would move to Castanea (disambiguation) or be replaced with a hatnote.  Richard New Forest (talk) 18:31, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose because User:Guettarda's suggestion is the logical solution IMMHO. Kaiwhakahaere (talk) 22:23, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Next suggestion...
After all that, I think we have something close to consensus on splitting the article as per User:Guettarda's suggestion. Any further comments? Should the nut remain here, or move to Chestnut (nut)? Richard New Forest (talk) 09:31, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I would leave the nut here as the dominant usage. Guettarda (talk) 13:28, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Medicinal properties
I am removing the section "medicinal properties" from the article, since it appears to me to be alternative medicine presented as if it were well-established applications.

Medicinal properties
The fruit is very nutritious, energizing, remineralizing, a tonic for muscles, nerves and venous system, anti-anemic, antiseptic and stomachic. It is recommended to convalescents.

The tannin in leaves and bark makes these astringent, useful to treat bleedings, diarrhoeas etc. They are anti-inflammatory, astringent, expectorant and tonic. The leaves are harvested in June or July and can be used fresh or dried. An infusion has been used in the treatment of fevers and ague, but are mainly employed for their efficacy in treating convulsive coughs such as whooping cough and other irritable conditions of the respiratory system. The leaves can also be used in the treatment of rheumatism, to ease lower back pains and to relieve stiff muscles and joints. A decoction is a useful gargle for treating sore throats. The bark has been used as antidiarrheic because of the tannins.

The plant is used in Bach flower remedies - the keywords for prescribing it are 'Extreme mental anguish', 'Hopelessness' and 'Despair'[209].

Wood extract (mixed at a 1:2 to 1:6 ratio with sugar) is used as a natural agent for the prevention and cure of diarrhoea in animals. on this article, because of the length of the reference list. Opinions, rejections? —bender235 (talk) 03:11, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

I noticed that reference 48 ( The American Chestnut Returns. By Fred Thys, for WBUR news. July 18, 2008.) doesn't exist on its host site. I looked up the article in Internet Wayback and updated the reference. I don't know if I need a pull date for the wayback or anything, so forgive me if I don't edit the reference correctly. NVM. I don't know how to edit references any more. Things have really changed since I last did anything. Here's the wayback link, though: http://web.archive.org/web/20080907065106/http://www.wbur.org/news/2008/78764_20080718.asp 96.248.6.39 (talk) 12:28, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

Artistic references
These examples are very trivial (and irrelevant) and the whole section should be deleted. Rwood128 (talk) 13:59, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

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Production table
What does "the larger table overemphasizes a minor crop" mean? With the addition of the 2020 data 's table would be a good addition to the page. Invasive Spices (talk) 23 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The large table under Production in this edit not only shows a lot of low-value production numbers which are out of date by 6 years, but also occupies a substantial amount of article space for a crop which must be among the smallest in the world recorded for edible nuts (2300 tonnes in 2020, nearly all in China). The smaller table is sufficient, WP:NOTTEXTBOOK, WP:NOTEVERYTHING. Zefr (talk) 23:03, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you Please revert the larger table deletion.  The smaller FAO table you posted instead contains erroneous data.  Bolivia does not grow chestnuts.  They grow brazil nuts, called castaña del Brasil.  Even the FAO miss classifies that.  If a crop is relatively large or small should not matter for inclusion.  Seeing chestnut production trends over time is encyclopedic and valuable for growers like myself.  It was a lot of work to put this table together and I'd hate to see data on national production trend changes removed like that.  There is an interesting story behind production increases and declines in each of these countries.  Once you post, I can add the 2020 FAO data to get the table data up to date.  Thanks, Shoefly (talk) 23:30, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

 * An alternative may be to create a new page called Chestnut production or History of chestnut production similar to Corn production in the United States or History of rice cultivation, History of cotton, or History of modern banana plantations in the Americas. There, an expanded table that shows the history of chestnut production by year and country may be more acceptable, right? Please advise. Shoefly (talk) 00:10, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * It would be suitable and more favorable to have the large table in a new article on history of chestnut cultivation. There are plenty of sources to indicate that Bolivia grows chestnuts to about 4% of the world total, according to this source, and consistent with the FAO report in the small table. Zefr (talk) 01:00, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * So you did really mean the larger table overemphasizes a minor crop. This is the Chestnut article. We should not remove numbers because other articles contain bigger numbers. new page If Chestnut production/History of chestnut production would be just this table then it should stay here. If there is more information to go there then that may be a good move. Invasive Spices (talk) 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your comment. The larger chestnut production table I expanded several years ago and added updated numbers/years ever so often.   deleted that larger table and replaced it with a smaller table that unfortunately contains production data from Bolivian brazil nuts that are also called "chestnuts" in Spanish. Upon correction,  reverted my edits, which may be in good faith but doesn't serve the truth. The Bolivian "chestnut production data" reported by the FAO apparently doesn't even originate in Bolivia.  The FAO flags that line item in their report as "FAO data based on imputation methodology".  FAO imputation algorithms have been criticized for other crops and reported data in the past, especially as it relates to production data from developing countries.  Looks to me that some misguided algorithm in the FAO may continue to muddle up the truth or generate a "new truth". This "new truth" or misinformation continues to be multiplied in journal articles and now Wikipedia.  Hopefully,  or a chestnut knowledgeable wikipedian sees the light and cleans up the pesky mess at least in Wikipedia. I'm done editing or trying to revert. Shoefly (talk) 15:46, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

The level of confidence you have in your references appears to come from academic studies and googling not working in the trenches. On the web, purported "facts" about "Bolivian chestnut production" are apparently lost in translation multiple times. It doesn't matter how often these "facts" get picked up by others on the web and copied in peer reviewed journals. Some English and Spanish speaking people appear to be talking about apples and oranges. Look at the pictures in this article. Does it show chestnuts (castanea)? Do chestnut trees (castanea sp.) even grow in the tropical Bolivian latitudes? Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) are not related to castanea, neither are horse chestnut (aesculus). The Wikipedia article is about castanea species not the others. Please consult with somebody who is expert in this topic before deleting good info and spreading fake info further. Assume good faith Thanks. Shoefly (talk) 16:16, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I will not agree here. Sources are important. The picture in that article is meant to be illustrative - it is not a specimen picture in a journal article. It does not automatically indicate that they are incompetent about species. In any case that article is not used in this Wikipedia page. AGF Zefr is not being personally offensive. Certainly we cannot AsourceshaveGF. FAO is usually a good source however I do agree that if FAO is interpolating data then that is not real data. I don't know anything specific about Bolivia and Castanea however I do note that I am unable to find any sources for that except for FAO itself so that may be bad data - some of FAO's table for Bolivia says "Official data" however. I do like Freshplaza however it would be good to have official statistics. I am puzzled by your dislike for journals - we need to look at the journals' sources and if we find they are all sourced from FAO then perhaps that is suspicious. Invasive Spices (talk) 25 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your comments and your willingness to look into this geeky issue on Freshplaza. As you may have noticed then, it is easier to "grow" erroneous production data in FAO, academic journals and Wikipedia than to actually grow over 80,000tons of chestnuts in Bolivia.  On top of that, acceptance as fact makes it appear that Bolivians consume tons of chestnuts or somehow hide their "chestnut production" from a world market. I like academic journals with high standards for authors, high standards of peer review resulting in high reliability of data.  The quality of academic output and rigor has declined though in many areas.  When experienced editors like  are apparently motivated to revert for style preference and perceived relevance, it's upsetting if the outcome stays false information.  In this case, no information would be better than false information. Shoefly (talk) 23:00, 31 January 2022 (UTC)
 * AND I have looked at FAO's data again. Bolivia does have "Official data" and so we must use that. Since we have established that Bolivia grows chestnuts we cannot assume the other data is in error. I suggest we label the "imputation methodology" data and use it. We have to stick with sources. Invasive Spices (talk) 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The FAOSTAT data for 2020 still has the flag "FAO data based on imputation methodology" in the "chestnut" production data from Bolivia.  In this context,  may find actual data on chestnut import and export transactions incurring tariffs more reliable than voluntarily collected figures the FAO posts.No chestnut transactions from Bolivia are recorded here. Export and import of "Bolivian chestnuts" - aka brazil nuts - in world trade are here.  Bolivia is one of the main global exporters of brazil nuts. These data are sourced from (CEPII) Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales. Shoefly (talk) 23:20, 4 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chestnut


text:
Avian pallium

In the neuroanatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon.

The pallium of avian species tends to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. Evidence suggests the avian pallium's neuroarchitecture to be reminiscent of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The avian pallium has also been suggested to be an equivalent neural basis for consciousness.

A 2002 conference at Duke University (Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium) established a standard nomenclature for describing the avian pallium as follows:

 * Pallium
 * Pyriform cortex
 * Olfactory bulb
 * Hippocampus
 * Corticoid area
 * Hyperpallium
 * Apicale
 * Intercalatum
 * Densocellulare
 * Mesopallium
 * Dorsale
 * Ventrale
 * Nidopallium
 * Field L2
 * Entopallium
 * Basorostralis
 * Arcopallium
 * Amygdaloid complex
 * Posterior amygdala
 * Nucleus taeniae
 * Subpallium
 * Striatum
 * Lateral
 * Medial
 * Pallidum
 * Globus pallidus or dorsal pallidum
 * Ventral pallidum

Notable researchers

 * Stanley Cobb
 * Onur Güntürkün
 * Andrew Iwaniuk

title: Avian pallium


text:
Cape Wrath (TV series)

Cape Wrath (also known as Meadowlands) is a British thriller drama television series, created by Robert Murphy and Matthew Arlidge, that first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 10 July 2007 on Channel 4. Produced by Ecosse Films, the series focuses on the Brogan family, who are trying to escape their past while confronting an even more uncertain future.

The series was a co-production between Channel 4 in the UK and Showtime in the United States, where it received its world première on 17 June 2007, at 22:00 EST. During its original broadcast on Showtime, the series was accompanied by an interactive online experience, which following each episode, featured exclusive content detailing the background of a specific character from their life before they moved to Meadowlands, including their real name.

Due to low ratings, Channel 4 executives confirmed that a second series would not be commissioned. The complete series was released on Region 2 DVD on 27 August 2007. A quiz based upon the series is available to play on FunTrivia.

Plot
The series opens with Danny (David Morrissey) and Evelyn Brogan (Lucy Cohu) and their two teenage children, Zoe (Felicity Jones) and Mark (Harry Treadaway), entering a witness protection programme and moving to a bucolic neighbourhood known as Meadowlands to begin a new life. Picturesque and crime-free, Meadowlands appears to be a suburban paradise where the Brogan family can start a new life. However, they soon realise that it is not so easy to escape the past, and their haven becomes a world of paranoia and psychological intrigue with shocking surprises around every corner, especially the particularly stunning revelation that they can never leave.

Production
The series was filmed in Kent. Many of the interior sets were built in a warehouse close to The Maidstone Studios. The estate itself is in fact The Lakes, a new housing development built next to Leybourne Lakes Country Park. Kings Hill features as the local town centre. Other locations include The Kings Hill Golf Course, Wye College and Maidstone Leisure Centre.

Cast

 * David Morrissey as Danny Brogan
 * Lucy Cohu as Evelyn Brogan
 * Ralph Brown as Bernard Wintersgill
 * Tristan Gemmill as David York
 * Melanie Hill as Brenda Ogilvie
 * Nina Sosanya as Samantha Campbell
 * Felicity Jones as Zoe Brogan
 * Harry Treadaway as Mark Brogan
 * Don Gilet as Freddie Marcuse
 * Scot Williams as Tom Tyrell
 * Ella Smith as Jezebel Ogilvie
 * Sian Brooke as Lori Marcuse
 * Emma Davies as Abigail York
 * Tom Hardy as Jack Donnelly
 * Sean Harris as Gordon Ormond

title: Cape Wrath (TV series)


text:
Talk:Kansas City, Missouri

Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2024
Most of Kansas City's immigrants were born in Mexico, China, India, Vietnam and the Philippines. Add this to the demographics section.

Source: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/KansasCity-FINAL.pdf 193.187.88.200 (talk) 04:19, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Geardona (talk to me?) 21:50, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2024 (2)
African Americans are concentrated on The 18th and Vine District. Add this information to the demographics section.

Source: https://aahtkc.org/18thandvine#:~:text=The%2018th%20and%20Vine%20District,and%20designed%20by%20African%20Americans.

https://www.kumc.edu/documents/diversity/KC%20Black%20History%20Sites%20Tour.pdf 193.187.88.200 (talk) 04:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Geardona (talk to me?) 21:52, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 March 2024
Many African Americans moved to Kansas City during the Great Migration from Louisiana and Mississippi. Add this information to the demographics section.

Source: https://scalar.usc.edu/works/jazz-in-kansas-city/african-americans-in-kansas-city#:~:text=African%2DAmerican%20communities%20were%20found,from%2025%2C000%20to%20almost%2050%2C000. 163.171.178.248 (talk) 12:57, 26 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Geardona (talk to me?) 21:52, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 March 2024
What does the 2024 shooting have to do with the "See Also" section 2601:5CE:201:BF60:A0C7:51A8:B58C:C6EB (talk) 20:07, 28 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Geardona (talk to me?) 21:50, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Hyatt Regency Disaster
The current text describes the Hyatt Regency disaster as the worst in US history other than 9/11. This is absurd. The Hyatt skywalks collapsed in a scenario that was entirely within the design parameters for that building, and was due to epic incompetence. The World Trade towers collapsed because two jets were flown into them, which was outside of the design parameters. The Hyatt skywalk collapse remains the worst architectural disaster in US history, and should be identified that way. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.160.131.93 (talk) 20:56, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

 * The actual line used in the article is that it is the deadliest structural collapse in US history aside from 9/11. It does not speak to the cause of the structural collapse. CensoredBiscuit (talk) 05:48, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

Interactive Map
In the side panel of this page, there is an "interactive map" of outlining the borders of KCMO. Its a nice feature the only problem is that it includes in the within the boundary of KCMO, North Kansas City, Birmingham and Gladstone which are distinct municipalities not part of Kansas City. CensoredBiscuit (talk) 05:40, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kansas City, Missouri


text:
Talk:Spliceosome

Spliceome listed on Votes for deletion Feb 20 to Feb 26 2004, redirected to Spliceosome.

Untitled
Discussion pasted from vfd:

 * Spliceome - a freshly invented term, as far a I can tell. (44 google hits, of which most are misspellings of spliceosome or about a database named SpliceOme) Stewart Adcock 22:34, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I have heard it used in the bioinformatics literature. I suggest that spliceome redirect to spliceosome, and incorporate that material into a new section in spliceosome. --Lexor|Talk 23:41, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

-- Graham :) 21:05, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * My guess is, that spliceOme (like genOme/transcriptOme/proteOme...) is a collection of all splicing variants of all pre-mRNAs & mRNAs, and maybe even some other RNAs which are modified by the splicing reactions (like tRNA editing?). Kazkaskazkasako (talk) 11:13, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

LSm
The article lacks everything included in the LSm article. Who dares the courageous merge? --Ayacop (talk) 18:43, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Type II introns
I have removed the following:

In 2008 new evidence derived from the first crystal structure of a group II intron suggested that the spliceosome is actually a ribozyme, and that it uses a two–metal ion mechanism for catalysis.

 * The intron in question is self-splicing, and may not comprise the spliceosome in its entirety.
 * Its not clear if the reverse transcriptase ORF is considered part of the ribozyme or not. (The ORF was replaced for the crystallisation, so is not discussed in the paper.)
 * The importance of this paragraph is in the evolutionary development of the spliceosome, so should be part of a progression in that context.

All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 20:40, 29 December 2019 (UTC).

title: Talk:Spliceosome


text:
Amy Mizzi

Amy Mizzi (born 21 July 1983) is an Australian actress. She starred as Kit Hunter in the Australian soap opera Home and Away in 2003 and early 2004. Mizzi's departure from Home and Away was announced on 13 February 2004 but she continued to appear on a recurring basis throughout 2004 and returned in August 2005. She also made appearances in 2006, most recently in the last episode of Home and Away for 2006, when she returned pregnant with the baby of Kim Hyde (played by actor Chris Hemsworth). She was nominated for Most Popular New Female Talent in the Logie Awards of 2004, but the award was won by her Home and Away co-star Isabel Lucas.

After leaving Home and Away she taught singing and dancing on the Central Coast of New South Wales. In 2008, she moved to the United Kingdom permanently, and has since appeared in several pantomimes, playing the title role in Cinderella and in Rotherham's Aladdin as Princess Jasmine.

Filmography

 * Home and Away (2003–2007) as Kit Hunter (62 episodes)
 * Hammer Bay (2007) as Vanessa 'Pop' Hall

title: Amy Mizzi


text:
Talk:Avian pallium

http://avianbrain.org/Nomenclature_History_Table.html

 * =\Bird/=

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title: Talk:Avian pallium


text:
Talk:Biot–Savart law

Reset older version
I reestablished the version of 12 May 2012 because later versions where corrupted. It seems as if 151.135.188.206 was trying to edit the page, but he corrupted it. (Lejarrag, May 20, 2012) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lejarrag (talk • contribs) 15:41, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Nice, and thanks. Those IP's were fiddling around unecerssarily, and in cases blanking and obliterating. In addition I cleaned up the notation. F = q(E+v×B) ⇄ ∑ici 17:12, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

edits all the way..
I have already just made some changes now. But...

Hope the edits are fine, and no one minds the fabulous colour boxes (Maschen - if you are reading this you will be proud of you're most succesful WP creation. I have used this all over the place, including this article). =) -- F = q(E + v × B) 00:30, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * To my despair this article is written in the corny 2nd person "To apply the equation, you choose a point in space at which you want to compute the magnetic field. Holding that point fixed, you integrate over the path of the current(s) to find the total magnetic field at that point." It will be removed.
 * Right now there is no indication that the integrals are line integrals in the equations. I'll modify that now.
 * Also there is a contradictory notion of the "magnetic constant", initially it says μ0 is the constant (permeability of free space), but later says $$K_m = \mu_0/4\pi$$ is the magnetic constant. I know I’m kicking up too much of a fuss for nothing, but is it actually a convention to use Km in parallel with Coloumb's constant $$k=1/4\pi\epsilon_0$$? I've never seen it before... It will just be removed. If it is conventionally used then reinstate it (preferably with a referance so future pernickity editors like me will not go through this again).

-- F = q(E + v × B) 01:11, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * BTW why arn't the integrals line integrals $$\int$$ around a closed path $$\oint$$ ?? If the integral is around the path of electric current: how can current flow around a path not closed?
 * And why is the constant $$\mu_0/4\pi$$ inside many of the integrals? I pulled it out from each - there is no reason to have it inside.
 * I'll also merge the 1st two sections - too much overlap.

somebody damaged the sidebar thing, ....
its not very nice now — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.134.175.203 (talk) 23:13, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

 * It has been fixed :-) --Steve (talk) 00:24, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

Change of variable convention
I noticed that the variable for the point of application ($$\mathbf r$$), the parameter to $$\mathbf B$$, was written to be the same as the displacement vector from the line integral element $$\mathbf l$$ to that parameter $$\mathbf r$$. So I introduced a new convention $$\mathbf r' = \mathbf r - \mathbf l$$ similar to the original, to alter the content minimally.

(I'd be happy to explain why it's the displacement vector and not the parameter vector that appears in the integrals and expressions, but the text already said this, it just wasn't reflected in the formulas.)

However, $$\mathbf r'$$ was already used in the proof section for the line integral element. Apart from conflicting with the new notation, this was already inconsistent with all formulas above, which used $$\mathbf l$$, so I changed this to use the existing convention, but maintain the explicit difference ($$\mathbf r - \mathbf l$$) which, I agree, is probably clearest (rather than using the displacement vector throughout).

If anyone has any concerns with this, please feel free to leave a reply (and to message me directly if I don't respond promptly).

--RProgrammer (talk) 17:08, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Excuse me, but authors and editors should stop acting as if the entire world has advanced math training and understands what they are saying. This article is just another example of articles that are too technical and not at all user-friendly.
 * For instance, what does the quantity "r'= r-1 " even mean?. What exactly are you subtracting "1" for and from what and what does "1" represent? A specific unit? A meter? A centimeter? What does "r" exactly mean and what is its physical meaning? And how "r'" fits in the equations? If anyone takes the time to answer, please consider that you are not addressing only professionals and that the answers to such questions may be self evident to you but not to everyone else, and that these things should be explained IN the article. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:4507:1B00:BC0F:9D45:251:B361 (talk) 20:13, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

 * That's a lower-case L. Unfortunately it looks like a 1. I agree that we should avoid using lower-case L (l) for that reason.

 * Maybe we should replace it with $$\ell$$? I just looked it up, and it does have a boldface: $$\ell \text{ vs } \boldsymbol\ell$$. Any objections to switching the article from l to $$\boldsymbol\ell$$?

 * Sorry if the article is too technical. Remember, the people reading your post are not necessarily the same people who wrote the article. We're all busy people, but we can improve it bit by bit. What you said is helpful, and if you say what else is especially confusing, we can try to fix that too! The more specific you are, the easier it will be for me or whoever tries to improve it. :-D --Steve (talk) 21:38, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Whadup, changed the variable names from $$l$$ to $$\boldsymbol\ell \text{ and } \ell$$. Sebastian tilman (talk) 13:01, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

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An upgraded image you might wish to use
This article might be too high-level for this image, but I just made it for Wikiversity formula sheet.--Guy vandegrift (talk) 00:21, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Nice! I'd be happy if you posted it. (But the caption should be written in English.) --Steve (talk) 20:49, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

 * The quantity in the denominator should be absolute value squared.Constant314 (talk) 21:08, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking it. It's yours to edit as you please. I will get back to OpenStax equations/University physics/V2.--Guy vandegrift (talk) 01:27, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

I brought it back. r and r-hat need to be r' and r'-hat to agree with the text.

Constant314 (talk) 01:40, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

 * I need the vector arrow symbols for OpenStax. Also, it would not be easy to create bold-faced symbols on Inkscape.  But I can place a variation of the image with primes on commons for this article.  Would adding primes but keeping the vector symbols be OK? --Guy vandegrift (talk) 02:32, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Not sure what you mean about the vector symbols, but I think they are OK, if you mean what I think you mean.Constant314 (talk) 02:40, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

 * is this better?

No prime on the l or the B. Constant314 (talk) 03:39, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

✅--Guy vandegrift (talk) 04:21, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

I see that you went with underscores instead of arrows. Its definitely not standard. The arrows are optional, but the underscores are a problem. Can you remove them? Constant314 (talk) 04:56, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * When doing calculations by hand the underscores are great because they are quicker and take less space. They also let you write rank-2 tensors by using two underscores. But I will remove them.--Guy vandegrift (talk) 06:15, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I just discovered that there is a way to boldface the ell. It is a unicode character that Inkscape can render as an object that can have a border.---Guy vandegrift (talk) 06:43, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I believe that's it. I'll look at it again tomorrow.  Constant314 (talk) 07:07, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Formulation of Biot-Savart law for vortex segments of finite length unclear, probably wrong
I believe that this remark "where A and B are the (signed) angles between the line and the two ends of the segment" is not correct. A and B should be the (signed) angles between the (vortex) line segment and the connection lines from the segment ends to the point (at which the induced velocity is calculated). This is not what is now stated. I recommend to check this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rschmehl (talk • contribs) 07:14, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

Alternate Representation
The Biot-Savart law presented here is an integral. But the way I learned it, the integral was derived from a simpler expression of the law in its differential form: $$ d\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r}) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \frac{I \, d\boldsymbol \ell\times\mathbf{r'}}{|\mathbf{r'}|^3}$$

(Actually, the professor didn't express it in vector form, so it was more like this: $$ dB (r) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \frac{dI}{r^2}$$ I think he did it this way so it looked more like a familiar inverse square law. So I'm guessing I got the vector form right.)

I wonder if it would make sense to present the differential form first, then show what the derived integral looks like. If not, I think it still makes sense to present the differential form somewhere. –MiguelMunoz (talk) 11:11, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Biot–Savart law


text:
XIV Corps

14 Corps, 14th Corps, Fourteenth Corps, or XIV Corps may refer to:

 * XIV Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars
 * XIV Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army prior to and during World War I
 * XIV Reserve Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army during World War I
 * XIV Corps (India)
 * XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)
 * 14th Army Corps (Russian Empire), a unit of the Imperial Russian Army between 1877 and 1918
 * 14th Army Corps (Russian Federation), a unit of the Russian Ground Forces since 2016
 * XIV Corps (United Kingdom)
 * XIV Corps (United States)
 * XIV Corps (Union Army), a unit in the American Civil War

title: XIV Corps


text:
Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin

The Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) AS365 Dauphin (Dolphin), also formerly known as the Aérospatiale SA 365 Dauphin 2, is a medium-weight multipurpose twin-engine helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters. It was originally developed and manufactured by French firm Aérospatiale, which was merged into the multinational Eurocopter company during the 1990s, and since 2014 Eurocopter was renamed Airbus Helicopters. Since entering production in 1975, the type has been in continuous production for more than 40 years, with the last delivery in 2021. The intended successor to the Dauphin is the Airbus Helicopters H160, which entered operational service in 2021.

The Dauphin 2 shares many similarities with the Aérospatiale SA 360, a commercially unsuccessful single-engine helicopter; however the twin-engine Dauphin 2 did meet with customer demand and has been operated by a wide variety of civil and military operators. Since the type's introduction in the 1970s, several major variations and specialised versions of the Dauphin 2 have been developed and entered production, including the military-oriented Eurocopter Panther, the air-sea rescue HH/MH-65 Dolphin, the Chinese-manufactured Harbin Z-9, and the modernized Eurocopter EC155 (formerly known as the EC155 B1). The Airbus Helicopters H160 replaced the AS365 in the product line (and the EC155).

Development
The SA 365/AS365 Dauphin 2 is a twin-engine development of the commercially unsuccessful single-engined Aérospatiale SA 360 Dauphin; only a year after the SA 360's entry into service, Aerospatiale had recognized that a platform powered by two engines rather than one was better suited to both civil and military operations, thus a redesign program was initiated. On 24 January 1975, the first twin-engine Dauphin prototype performed its first flight; the prototype soon demonstrated an airspeed of 170 knots in level flight and set multiple speed records, among them the Paris-London trip at an average of 321 km/h.

The initial production variant entered service under the original designation of SA 365C; French certification of this model was received in July 1978, with US FAA and British CAA certification following later that year. Deliveries to customers began in December 1978. In 1982, the SA 356C Dauphin was succeeded by the more capable SA 365 N. Amongst several major design changes and improvements, the SA 365 N featured more powerful engines, greater use of composite materials, a better cabin arrangement, and retractable landing gear.

Further improvements were made with the introduction of the SA 365 N1, which had a substantially redesigned Fenestron anti-torque device, and with the SA 365 N2, which was equipped with more powerful Turbomeca Arriel 1C2 turboshaft engines. In January 1990, the overall type was formally redesignated as the AS365. The AS365 Dauphin is one of Eurocopter's more successful helicopter designs; and has been widely used as a corporate transport, airborne law enforcement platform, emergency medical services (EMS) helicopter, electronic news gathering platform, and search and rescue helicopter.

The base Dauphin has been further developed into several purpose-built variants. During the 1980s, the SA 365 N was used as the basis for a militarised version of the Dauphin, initially designed as AS 365 K, which was used to perform utility, troop-transport, and maritime operations, widely known as the Eurocopter Panther. A variant of the Dauphin was specifically developed for and operated principally by the United States Coast Guard under the designation HH/MH-65 Dolphin. The SA 365 M model of the Dauphin has also been manufactured under licence in China as the Z-9 by the Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation; the Z-9 was subsequently developed into the armed Z-9W and Z-19 attack helicopter.

Design
The AS365 Dauphin is a twin-engine helicopter capable of travelling long ranges, and well suited to operating in climates of a high ambient temperature or at locations of significant altitude. The Dauphin is typically powered by a pair of Turbomeca Arriel turboshaft engines; on later variants, these are equipped with FADEC units, which provide additional functionality such as an automated start-up sequence and a training mode. The engines drive the rotorcraft's foldable Starflex main rotor and its Fenestron anti-torque tail rotor via two separate transmissions; these gearboxes are also connected to two separate hydraulic systems as well as a stand-by hydraulic system for emergency use, such as deployment of the landing gear. Electrical power is provided by a pair of starter generators and a NiCad (Nickel-Cadmium) main battery; an emergency battery is also present. The combination of the rotorcraft's Starflex main rotor and Fenestron tail provides a low-noise and low-vibration flight experience for those on board; Airbus Helicopters has claimed the sound emissions of the AS365 N3 to be 3.1 decibels below International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards, making it the quietest helicopter in its class. The Dauphin can take off under a full load from sea level under Category A conditions.

The main fuselage of the rotorcraft comprises the cabin area, a separate luggage compartment, and a retractable tricycle landing gear arrangement; a total of four conventional doors to access the main cabin are typically installed, which can be optionally replaced by a single clamshell air stair entrance instead. Various portions of the rotorcraft are made from composite materials, such as the rotor blades that made of carbon fiber, other materials are used in portions of the fuselage. The fuselage features anti-corrosion protection and is structurally reinforced for an optional hoist or cargo sling to be installed, various other mooring and gripping points are also fitted on the rotocraft's exterior surface. Various types and models of radar can be installed in the Dauphin's nose.

The main cabin area is designed to be reconfigurable, a feature which is promoted to emergency medical service (EMS) and search and rescue (SAR) operators. In a regular passenger transport layout, the cabin can accommodate up to 12 passengers in addition to the two pilots; up to seven passengers can be accommodated in a VIP layout. Access to the cabin is via large sliding doors on either side of the helicopter, built-in boarding steps are typically installed to ease the boarding of passengers.

While the cockpit is typically equipped with dual flight controls for two-man operations, the Dauphin can be readily flown by a single pilot while operating under instrument flight rules; this was achieved in part by avionics such as the 4-axis Dual Digital Automatic Flight Control System (older production aircraft use a 3-axis flight control system with integrated autopilot instead) to reduce crew workload. The principal flight control system are connected to a total of 3 dual-chamber primary servo-units for cyclical and collective pitch control, and a single dual-chamber rear servo-unit for tail rotor pitch control. Other major avionics include 10.4 inch multi-mission touch screen displays, weather radar, global positioning system (GPS) receiver, traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS), automatic voice alarm device (AVAD), health and usage monitoring system (HUMS), quick access records for helicopter flight data management, and digital audio communication system (DACS).

Operational history

In February 1980, the first series production Dauphin was used to break three separate speed-related world records in separate journeys between Battersea, London, United Kingdom and Issy-les-Moulineaux, Paris, France. In 1985, a new model of the Dauphin, the AS365 F, became the first rotorcraft in the world to fly with flight instruments being displayed in electronic displays, which replaced the traditional instrumentation; this variant was first procured by the Irish Air Corps for SAR operations.

The French Navy operated the Dauphin, in addition to the dedicated military-orientated Panther variant, to conduct various missions such as the Dauphin Service Public  which involves various duties from seaborne SAR, maritime monitoring, and responding to distress calls. French Navy Dauphins are commonly deployed on board the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle as well as onboard other vessels of the French Navy and allies; they are fitted with a haul-down Harpoon in order to ease shipboard landings in rough weather.

By 1980, a total of 265 AS360/361/365 Dauphins had been delivered, 90% of these deliveries were to foreign customers in a total of 23 different nations. Amongst the biggest early customers for the type was Saudi Arabia, which ordered 24 Dauphins, and Angola, with an order for 17 Dauphins. The largest civil customers of the type has been Indian operator Pawan Hans, who by 2003 had a fleet of 19 Dauphins (nearly two-thirds of their total rotary fleet) and were in the process of procuring another 1 Dauphins to allow older aircraft to be phased out; they have been frequently used to support offshore oil extraction activities.

In February 1991, it was announced that the 500th Dauphin had been delivered to Bond Helicopters, who at that time operated a total of 15 of the type, with additional Dauphins on order. By 1991, the Dauphin was being operated by 138 customers across casi 45 nations. In December 2006, Eurocopter president Fabrice Brégier stated that between 30 and 40 Dauphins were being delivered each year. By 2012, more than 1,000 AS365/366/565 versions had been produced; Pawan Hans took delivery of the 1,000th Dauphin produced in April 2011, at which point the type was reportedly in service with over 300 operators worldwide.

Prior to the 2004 Summer Olympics, five AS 356N3 Dauphins were procured for the Hellenic Coast Guard for harbor surveillance purposes. Between 2009 and 2012, the Army Air Corps of the United Kingdom took delivery of five Dauphins, these were assigned to No. 658 Squadron AAC to replace four AgustaWestland A109 helicopters being used to support Special Air Service (SAS) operations.

, the AS365 N variant of the Dauphin holds the world speed record for a 3 km course, set at 372 km/h in 1991.

Civilian variants

 * SA 365 C
 * A twin-engined version of the Dauphin, designated as the Dauphin 2, was announced in early 1973. The first prototype's first flight took place on 24 January 1975; production model deliveries began in December 1978. In comparison with the earlier model, the SA 365 C featured twin 470 kW Arriel 1 turboshafts in a new engine fairing, a Starflex main rotor hub and a higher maximum take-off weight (3400 kg). Its Fenestron anti-torque device featured 13 metal blades. Production of both the SA 360 and SA 365 C ceased in 1981, by which time approximately 40 SA 360s and 50 SA 365 C/C1s had been built; both were replaced by the SA 365 N.

 * SA 365 C1
 * Variant powered by Arriel 1A1 certified in March 1979.

 * SA 365 C2
 * Variant powered by Arriel 1A2 certified in February 1980.

 * SA 365 C3
 * Variant powered by Arriel 1C certified in January 1982.

 * SA 365 N
 * A much improved version of the SA 365 C Dauphin 2, the first prototype flying on 31 March 1979. This version introduced the uprated 492 kW Arriel 1C turboshafts, a retractable tricycle undercarriage, enlarged tail surfaces, and revised transmission, main rotor, rotor mast fairing and engine cowlings. The aircraft's initial M.T.O.W. of 3850 kg was later raised to 4000 kg. Deliveries of the production model began in 1982.

 * SA 365 N1
 * Incorporating many of the improvements developed for the SA 366 G1 (HH-65 Dolphin), this version introduced upgraded 526 kW Arriel 1C1 turboshafts, an improved 11-blade Fenestron with wider-chord blades (which reduced the AS365 N1's noise signature), movable undercarriage doors replaced by simplified fairings and a higher gross weight of 4100 kg.

 * AS 365 N2
 * This version – designated AS365 N2 from the outset – introduced the upgraded 549 kW Arriel 1C2 turboshafts, an uprated gearbox, increased maximum take-off weight of 4250 kg, redesigned cabin doors and revised interior, enlarged tail fin with all composite Fenestron. Deliveries of this version started in 1990. Licensed versions were assembled in China as the Z-9, Z-19 and AVIC AC312.

 * AS365 N3
 * The high-performance AS365 N3 was developed for operations in 'hot and high' climates, and introduced 635 kW Arriel 2C turboshafts equipped with a single channel DECU (Digital Engine Control Unit) with manual reversion, mated to an uprated main transmission for better single engine performance. The AS365 N3 also features a redesigned ten blade composite Fenestron anti-torque device with asymmetric blade distribution, offering a further reduction in noise signature. The AS365 N3's gross weight is 4300 kg. Production deliveries began in December 1998. The last one was delivered on 21 January 2022.

 * AS365 N3+
 * This version was presented at the 2009 Paris Air Show and differs mainly in new avionics including 4-axis auto-pilot This version is currently still in production.

 * AS365 N4
 * Produced as the EC155.

 * AS365 X
 * Better known as the DGV 200 or Dauphin Grand Vitesse (High Speed Dauphin), the AS365 X was developed from the X-380 DTP (Developpement Technique Probatoire or Probatory Technical Development) testbed, first flown on 20 March 1989. The aircraft was first flown in the AS365 X configuration two years later in March 1991, and featured a smaller Fenestron, a new main rotor with five high-inertia blades with swept tips, a composite rotor hub/mast and 624 kW Turbomeca Arriel IX turboshafts. On 19 November 1991, this aircraft set a Class E1e (3,000 to 4,500 kg) speed record of 201 kn over a 3 km triangular course.

 * EC155 B/B1

 * This version was originally to follow the N3 as the AS365 N4, and was announced at the 1997 Paris Airshow before being redesignated as the EC155 B. As with the N3 version, it has two Arriel 2C/2C2 turboshafts equipped with FADEC as well as a five blade Spheriflex main rotor (derived from the AS365 X DGV). It also features a 30% larger main cabin (achieved with bulged doors and cabin plugs). The first flight of the first prototype took place on 17 June 1997 and this version is currently in production (as the EC155 B1).

Military variants

 * AS565 Panther
 * See Eurocopter AS565 Panther

 * SA 366 G1 Dauphin
 * The SA 366 G1 Dauphin version was selected by the US Coast Guard (USCG) in 1979 as its new air-sea rescue helicopter and given the designation HH-65A Dolphin. In total 99 helicopters, optimized for the USCG's short-range recovery (SRR) search and rescue role, were initially acquired, with additional aircraft later procured.

 * SA 365 N Dauphin
 * A much improved version of the SA 365 C Dauphin 2, the first prototype flying on 31 March 1979. This version introduced the upgraded 492 kW Arriel 1C turbo-shafts, a retractable tricycle undercarriage, enlarged tail surfaces, and revised transmission, main rotor, rotor mast fairing and engine cowlings. The aircraft's initial M.T.O.W. of 3,850 kg was later raised to 4,000 kg. Deliveries of the production model began in 1982.

 * SA 365 F Dauphin
 * The SA 365 F is a variant of the SA 365 N for the French Navy. It has been used since 1991 for general duties and for backup purposes aboard an aircraft carrier. A helicopter with rescue divers is always in the air during flight operations to be able to assist the pilot in case of an accident. First experiments were successfully carried out in 1990 on board the FRENCH AIRCRAFT CARRIER Clemenceau. The variant 365F is used since 1999 with Flottille 35F called AS365F Dauphin Pedro. Panther-051306-N-9546C-001.jpg

 * AS365 N3 Dauphin
 * The high-performance AS365 N3 was developed for operations in 'hot and high' climates, and introduced 635 kW Arriel 2C turbo-shafts equipped with a single channel DECU (Digital Engine Control Unit) with manual reversion, mated to an upgraded main transmission for better single engine performance. The AS365 N3 also features a redesigned ten blade composite Fenestron anti-torque device with asymmetric blade distribution, offering a further reduction in noise signature. The AS365 N3's gross weight is 4,300 kg. Production deliveries began in December 1998.

 * AS365 N3+
 * This version was presented by Eurocopter at the 2009 Paris Air Show and differs mainly in new avionics including a 4-axis auto-pilot.

Operators
The Dauphin is flown by a range of private operators, companies, emergency services, government agencies and air charter companies.

Government operators

 * Argentine Coast Guard
 * Victoria Police
 * Western Australia Police
 * Sécurité Civile
 * Hellenic Coast Guard
 * Icelandic Coast Guard
 * Sécurité Civile
 * Hellenic Coast Guard
 * Icelandic Coast Guard
 * Icelandic Coast Guard
 * Icelandic Coast Guard
 * Indonesian National Police
 * National Search and Rescue Agency
 * National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure
 * Tokyo Fire Department
 * Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
 * Kuwait Police
 * Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
 * Kuwait Police
 * Kuwait Police
 * Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Netherlands Coastguard
 * Serviciul Român de Informații (4 units)
 * Guardia Civil
 * Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
 * Akademiska sjukhuset
 * National Airborne Service Corps
 * Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
 * Akademiska sjukhuset
 * National Airborne Service Corps
 * National Airborne Service Corps
 * National Airborne Service Corps

Military operators

 * FAPA/DAA
 * Bangladesh Army
 * Bangladesh Army
 * Bangladesh Army
 * Bulgarian Navy
 * Chilean Navy
 * Colombian Navy
 * Congolese Air Force
 * Djibouti Air Force
 * French Navy
 * Congolese Air Force
 * Djibouti Air Force
 * French Navy
 * Djibouti Air Force
 * French Navy
 * French Navy
 * Force Aérienne de Côte d'Ivoire
 * lit.
 * Lithuanian Air Force
 * Lithuanian Air Force
 * Myanmar Air Force
 * Nigerian Air Force
 * Royal Saudi Naval Forces
 * Army Air Corps
 * United States Coast Guard (see Eurocopter HH-65 Dolphin)
 * Uruguayan Air Force
 * Vietnam Helicopter Corporation
 * Vietnam Navy
 * United States Coast Guard (see Eurocopter HH-65 Dolphin)
 * Uruguayan Air Force
 * Vietnam Helicopter Corporation
 * Vietnam Navy
 * Vietnam Helicopter Corporation
 * Vietnam Navy

Former operators

 * Fiji Air Wing
 * Irish Air Corps
 * South African Air Force
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
 * Sri Lanka Air Force
 * South African Air Force
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
 * Sri Lanka Air Force

Aircraft on display

 * SA365N Dauphin, F-WQAP, at The Helicopter Museum, Weston-super-Mare, United Kingdom.
 * SA365C1 Dauphin 2, VH-PVF at Moorabbin Air Museum (Victoria, Australia).

Accidents and notable incidents
On 2 July 1999, an AS365F operated by the Irish Air Corps hit a sand dune in thick fog in Tramore while returning from a successful mission off the Waterford coast. The four crew members were killed in the collision.

On 4 April 2015, an AS365 owned by Orion Corridor Sdn Bhd, crashed in Semenyih near Kajang, Malaysia. All six people on board, including the ex-ambassador of Malaysia to the US and Rompin MP, Jamaluddin Jarjis, and others were killed. The helicopter was coming from a wedding party of the Malaysian Prime Minister's daughter.

title: Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin


text: User talk:209.68.98.2

title: User talk:209.68.98.2