text:
Talk:Plaster

Plastering Picture
I think the picture (here) previously heading this page may not be of plastering at all, so I've taken the liberty of changing it to one which is quite unambiguous. T'old pic was described as "Gypsum-based plaster used in spray fireproofing", but normal gypsum doesn't stick to what appears to be a metal roof structure, which doesn't in any case usually need fireproofing. Gypsum plaster sprayers normally have a single, large, tube, but the the spray rig shown has two colour-coded (resin and hardener) tubes and one large (air) tube, which is typical of the polyurethane foam sprayers used to insulate metal roofs. I know that a modified gypsum-resin-fibre material is sometimes sprayed on metal structures, but I'm not sure this is it. Could I be wrong? Glynhughes (talk) 11:00, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Metal roof structures absolutely need to be fireproofed. Not because they burn but because they expand and deform if heated either pushing the walls out or collapse thus the building collapses. IE: it is a heat-protection. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.8.39.83 (talk) 05:06, 15 February 2017 (UTC)

Medical plasters
Some how we need to find a better wasy to deal with plasters used in medicine such as Mustard plaster. I know this is mainly a historical topic but we do need to cover it. I dislike that this whole page be about paster of paris. If I knew anything about these medical plaster I would try and fix it. But I was just looking to link to such information.-- Birgitte§β ʈ  Talk  01:40, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Really, this is just a few more articles away from becoming a mere disambiguation page. All thats needed is a good article on the many different cultural uses of the word, set to branch out as chunks become too long. Zaphraud 09:29, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

I think there is a huge need to include the medical orthopedic uses of Plaster of Paris. It is largely used in fracture and serial casting procedures. It is the original casting material and still remains as one of only two largely used products for such a large area of emergency and rehabilitation medical practice in place today.Chubbyblondebabe 21:50, 12 February 2007 (UTC)Chubbyblondebabe

Origins of
Shouldn't there be some mention of this? Jachra 21:14, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Yes. Here is the reference to history of the name Plaster of Paris

http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfates/gypsum/gypsum.htm

SmokesLikeaPoet 16:33, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Dangers of Plaster of Paris
http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6485481.stm

I'm interested to know more about this. There's not much here about plaster being dangerous! Does the plaster re-heat up when you mix it with water? no not particuraly usually it just fogs but some would argue that it can cause cancer but you would have to inhale or what drug users would say is huff a very,very large Proportion of it to even have a soft case of sneezes.

Hi, Yes there is an endothermic exothermic reaction, although this is not really “news“ as it has been known ever since plaster was first used, which dates back to at least The Romnans ThanxTheriac 18:05, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

I would have to disagree to the Silica / Cancer relationship. Silica is known to cause ( or correlate with, I'm not sure ) cancer in laboratory animals. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0553.html

in construction grade plaster of paris the concentration of silica is less than 1% by mass.

http://www.dap.com/docs/msds/english/00071008E.pdf

I highly doubt that apsirating even a large quanity of suspended plaster of paris dust would cause anything greater than a case of the sneezes. I think this wording should be altered to qualify the statements.

SmokesLikeaPoet 16:27, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * New evidence is suggesting that inhaling plaster can be extremely harmful particularly in the long term regardless of silica content. This is taken very seriously in professional industry.  Safety instruction on plaster instruct to use gloves when handling dry uncured plaster, and to wear an appropriate respirator when mixing plaster or sanding cured plaster.  I'll pull up some sources later. -Verdatum (talk) 18:20, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Copyvio text from Minerva Conservation
I removed a large amount of text that was a direct copy of http://www.minervaconservation.com/articles/externallimerenders.html. If the topic of lime rendering in historical conservation is pertinent to this article, then the text should be properly cited and written in an author's own words, not directly copied. --Elkman (Elkspeak) 19:47, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

History
This article needs a history section explaining the invention/discovery and whatnot. -- Beland 02:12, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Plaster Vs. Plaster of Paris
I am under the impression that 'Plaster' and 'Plaster of Paris' are not synonymous. I have always understood that plaster of paris is a specific formulation of plaster that is fairly weak and inexpensive. High performance gypsum plasters are almost never referred to as 'plaster of paris'. I will do more research on this. -Verdatum (talk) 18:14, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The original plaster of Paris is much more expensive and highly refined than normal plaster, and used for casts of sculpture etc, not in building. I agree the article is in a mess over terms. Johnbod (talk) 16:57, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Plaster vs Faux Plaster
In this article there is mention of plaster being used in the faux painting industry. All of these plasters are actually mixtures with film forming agents in them and should be classified as paints. There is a lot of industry confusion because manufacturers are trying to capitalize on the concepts of "authentic plaster" but I am almost certain that they are not. The term Faux plaster or textured paints would be more appropriate. The images that are shown are veneer textures that were applied over paint and contain poly resins and are technically thick paint made to look like plaster. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.25.45.143 (talk) 04:32, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Split
This article should be split apart, with an overview left here, and the things split off into individual articles. Especially, plaster of Paris needs to be split off and clarified. 76.66.195.159 (talk) 13:37, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Lime plaster already has its own article, but Plaster of Paris redirects here, and certainly does need its own article. I think the meaning of the term has varied considerably across time and space, which causes confusion. Johnbod (talk) 13:50, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * At this time there is not enough content to justify a split. If someone is able to write a plaster of paris article, that would be wonderful; however it is not currently well defined here.  The other sections are all relatively small, and well within the scope of plaster.  If any section becomes larger, as to encroach upon WP:SIZE or begins to give the appearance of undue weight, we can split it off at that time. -Verdatum (talk) 18:23, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

How its made
how do you make regular plaster??? idc about all that other stuff i just wanna know how to make it!!!!!!!!!

 * Assuming you're talking about standard multifinish plaster, it's made out of gypsum (the same stuff that blackboard chalk is made from). Ground into a very fine powder, various other things added. There are different varieties and formulations, but (most) modern plasters are based on gypsum. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.107.183.201 (talk) 03:17, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Chemistry in Lime Plaster
There's a statement in the section about Lime plaster that doesn't look quite right to me:
 * "the calcium hydroxide turns back into limestone."

Doesn't limestone refer to the rock as it comes out of the ground? I think it would be more accurate to say that it turns back into calcium carbonate, but I might be wrong. Can someone with more knowledge about the chemistry behind it either a) change it to be more accurate or b) tell me that I don't know what I'm talking about? Thanks. E ric W es B rown (Talk) 00:07, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

Was it plaster of Paris?
Since I use often (and touch) plaster of Paris (hydrated calcium sulfate) for home repairs, I can'believe the plaster reported in "Safety Issues" to have burned a girl's fingers was pure plaster of Paris. I suspect it was a mixture containing lime, which is extremely dangerous if it is not properly hydrated. The references speak of plaster of paris, but they all are from newpapers, and we all know that if a press agency reports a fact, all newspapers will report the same thing. Does someone have a different source? I think in a safety matter it is important to be accurate. --GianniG46 (talk) 16:07, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Please re-read the sources again, the answer is fairly obvious from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/lincolnshire/8303246.stm - The girl in question had a problem with removing her hands after the plaster set quickly, and the temperatures reached up to (at least known/reported) 60C. Its not uncommon that plaster would reach these temperatures, and higher, when setting. Especially in large quantities near the center. 60C for an extended time certainly could cause issues when the heat has no chance to escape. 198.147.192.8 (talk) 18:39, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

Stenciled plaster?
You have an image captioned, "Example of a stenciled plaster design" but do not discuss/describe this anywhere within this article, although you detail a number of other techniques. If this is part of the "plasterwork" section, then perhaps list it there -- I did look at the plasterwork article, and it isn't there either. However, it seems like an interesting technique, so, I'd like to see a bit more info, e.g., what kind of plaster, where was it used historically, is it used today, is it part of the original plastering or applied later, etc. Zlama (talk) 03:52, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Types of plaster used in building work
It would be really useful to have sections on the different types of plaster used in building work such as Undercoat plaster, Bonding plaster, Multi-purpose (one coat) plaster, Finish plaster etc. They are presumably made in subtly different ways and probably have additives. Anyone with the required technical knowledge who could add the required sections ? Thanks  Velella  Velella Talk 20:22, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

plaster/ σοβάς in greek. please add this
Ο σοβας (ή σοφας) είναι το γνωστό σε όλους μας επίχρισμα που εφαρμόζεται πάνω από εσωτερικούς και εξωτερικούς τοίχους για την προστασία και τον καλλωπισμό τους, κατά τη διάρκεια της εργασίας που ονομάζεται "σοβατισμα". Οι ρίζες της λέξης είναι τουρκικές, όμως σαν υλικό είναι γνωστό εδώ και εκατοντάδες χρόνια, με παραλλαγές βέβαια ιδιαίτερα τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, όπως θα δούμε στη συνέχεια.

Αυτό ακριβώς λοιπόν θα αναλύσουμε, τις διάφορες παραλλαγές σοβα που υπάρχουν πλέον διαθέσιμες στην αγορά, τις εφαρμογές τους, αλλά και τη σύσταση του παραδοσιακού σοβα, που ακόμα επιλέγεται από πολλούς κατά το σοβατισμα. Άλλωστε είναι σίγουρο πως η ποιότητα του υλικού παίζει μεγάλο ρόλο στο τελικό αποτέλεσμα!

Ξεκινώντας λοιπόν την ανάλυση για τον σοβα, να ξεκινήσουμε από την πλέον γνωστή λύση, τον παραδοσιακό σοβα. Πρώτα από όλα για όσους δεν το γνωρίζουν μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί τόσο με ειδική μηχανή για σοβατισμα, την επονομαζόμενη πρέσα, είτε και με το χέρι. Για πιο μεγάλες επιφάνειες βέβαια επιλέγεται ο πρώτος τρόπος, αφού είναι πιο γρήγορος αλλά και οικονομικός, ενώ αν γίνει με προσοχή θα είναι και ένα αρτιότερο αποτέλεσμα εμφανισιακά.

Ο παραδοσιακός σοβας λοιπόν αποτελείται πρωτίστως από 3 υλικά, την άμμο, τον ασβέστη και το τσιμέντο, τα οποία αναμιγνύονται με νερό. Βεβαίως σχεδόν πάντα το τελικό μείγμα ενισχύεται με πρόσμικτα, όπως ρητινούχα γαλακτώματα, ενισχυτικές ίνες και latex, ώστε να αποκτήσει επιπλέον ιδιότητες και αυξημένες μηχανικές αντοχές. Επειδή όμως ως γνωστόν το σοβατισμα γίνεται σε 3 στρώσεις, σε κάθε στάδιο συστήνεται διαφορετική σύνθεση του σοβα, για βέλτιστα αποτελέσματα.

Κατά την πρώτη στρώση που είναι γνωστή και ως "πεταχτό", αναμιγνύουμε μόνο άμμο, τσιμέντο και νερό, με σκοπό να δημιουργήσουμε ένα αρκετά λεπτόρευστο υλικό που θα δουλεύεται εύκολα με το μυστρί. Η συνήθης αναλογία για αυτό το σοβα είναι 25 κιλά τσιμέντο (1 σακί) με 75 κιλά άμμο (3 σακιά), ενώ προσθέτουμε λίγο λίγο το νερό, μέχρι να πετύχουμε την επιθυμητή σύσταση

Στο δεύτερο χέρι που ονομάζεται λάσπωμα οι αναλογίες αλλάζουν, ενώ βεβαίως προσθέτουμε και ασβέστη. Πιο συγκεκριμένα για κάθε 25 κιλά τσιμέντου (1 σακί) χρειάζονται 225 κιλά άμμου (9 σακιά) και 125 κιλά ασβέστη (5 σακιά), ενώ προσθέτουμε και νερό. Τέλος για την τρίτη στρώση του σοβα (το μαρμάρωμα) το τσιμέντο που μπαίνει είναι λευκό - αντί για γκρι - και για κάθε σακί 25 κιλών μπαίνουν 225 κιλά μαρμαρόσκονη (9 σακιά) και 125 κιλά ασβέστη (5 σακιά).

Αυτές είναι σε γενικές γραμμές οι αναλογίες του παραδοσιακού σοβα, όμως προσοχή χρειάζεται και στην ποιότητα των υλικών αυτών που θα συνθέσουν το τελικό υλικό. Έτσι λοιπόν συστήνεται να επιλέγονται πιστοποιημένα υλικά όταν είναι εφικτό και να προτιμάται άμμο χονδρόκοκη αντί για ψιλή, μαρμαρόσκονη επώνυμη, ασβέστης καλά σβησμένος και βέβαια ποιοτικό τσιμέντο χωρίς τσιγκουνιές στην αναλογία.

Από την άλλη τα εργαλεία που χρειάζονται για το σοβατισμα με παραδοσιακό σοβα δεν είναι και τα πλέον σπάνια και συγκεκριμένα θα χρειαστεί μυστρί, σπάτουλα λείανσης, δράπανο, τριβίδι, αναδευτήρας και ένα δοχείο για την ανάμειξη και κατασκευή του επιχρίσματος

source: http://www.sovatismata.gr/sovas — Preceding unsigned comment added by Atsimas (talk • contribs) 16:47, 1 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Please observe that this is an ENGLISH article! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.8.39.83 (talk) 05:18, 15 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Lead
Err.......the lead hasn't changed much.....Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 21:16, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Merge discussion
I suggest separating out the material from the uses of it, and having one article on plaster of various sorts, and one or more on its uses (decorative, functional, historical uses?). Large chunks of material would need to be moved between articles, with a good scope definition with link to the other pages in the lede, so the overlap doesn't happen again. HLHJ (talk) 13:08, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose on the grounds that the overlap doesn't seem excessive, and sections are already adequately linked to their main articles. Each of the 3 pages, Plaster, Stucco and Plasterwork, has its own distinctive character. Klbrain (talk) 22:06, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

faux paint and stucco
What's the durability of stucco and faux painting plaster Kuforiji ayoade (talk) 21:59, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

The plaster is made of plaster
"Cement plaster is a mixture of suitable plaster, sand, Portland cement and water". What is meant here by "suitable plaster"? Is there an extraneous comma (i.e. is it supposed to be referring to sand suitable for plastering)? Iapetus (talk) 09:33, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plaster


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Jennifer Melfi

Dr. Jennifer Melfi is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. She is the psychiatrist of Mafia boss Tony Soprano. She is portrayed by Lorraine Bracco.

Character description
Melfi is an Italian-American, with her father's family hailing from Caserta. She is a graduate of Bard College and Tufts University School of Medicine and has an upscale lifestyle, living in a three-bedroom condominium in Essex Fells, New Jersey and shopping frequently at gourmet Italian shops (as revealed in "Meadowlands").

At the start of the series, Tony Soprano, a local mobster, was referred to Melfi, a psychiatrist, after having a panic attack. He tells her he is a waste management consultant, but Melfi knows he is a mob boss. Throughout season 1, during the power struggle between Tony and Uncle Junior over who will be boss, Junior informs Mikey "Grab Bag" Palmice that Tony is seeing a psychiatrist. This makes Junior, Mikey, and all other members of Junior's crew who were informed extremely angry and paranoid, for they fear Melfi could be potentially used as a witness to testify in court against the activities of the DiMeo crime family.

In the season 1 penultimate episode "Isabella", two hit men are sent by Junior and Mikey Palmice in an attempt to assassinate Tony for supposedly giving information to Melfi. The hit fails. One assailant is inadvertently killed by the other while trying to shoot Tony in his driver's seat from the passenger side after Tony grabs the first assassin's gun. Tony throws the other hit man off onto the road, not killing, but injuring him. Tony laughs ecstatically but has taken his eyes off the road long enough to crash his SUV into a parked car, knocking him unconscious.

Tony later informs Melfi that his enemies are aware of their therapy sessions, and she must go into hiding to avoid getting killed until everything blows over. To save his own life and Melfi's, Junior's top lieutenants Mikey Palmice and Chucky Signore are killed, the latter by Tony himself. Junior is only saved by being arrested by the FBI on racketeering charges. In the season 2 premiere episode "Guy Walks into a Psychiatrist's Office...", Melfi is shown doing business and living in a small roadside motel in Wayne, New Jersey, telling her patients her office is being remodeled. After the last troublesome member of Junior's crew, Philly "Spoons" Parisi, is murdered, Tony informs Melfi that "it's over" and that she can go back to her normal life.

In the season 3 episode "Employee of the Month", Melfi is walking alone through the parking garage to her car when she is attacked by a man. He grabs her from behind and after she attempts to escape and cries out for help, proceeds to drag her to the stairway of her building, where he violently rapes her. He leaves her lying helpless in the stairway, crying. At the hospital, she is visited by her ex-husband, Richard. Although her rapist is arrested, he is subsequently released because the chain of custody is lost by the police.

This infuriates Melfi, in shock that he was released. She comments to her psychiatrist and colleague Elliot Kupferberg, "I could have that asshole squashed like a bug," meaning that she could easily have her rapist killed by telling Tony that she was raped. She also inadvertently reveals to Kupferberg that the patient she is treating is Tony Soprano. More shock comes when Melfi is in the fast-food restaurant where the rapist works. She sees his smiling picture on the wall as Employee of the Month (hence the episode title).

Melfi herself feels a crazed desire for revenge and knows that a word to Tony Soprano would obtain it, but, like her ex-husband, she will obey the social contract. Later, Dr. Melfi has a dream. She buys a soda from a vending machine; when she reaches into the machine to get it, her hand is trapped inside. A Rottweiler appears and terrifies her. Then the rapist advances toward her. The dog turns and mauls the rapist, who cries in agony. With Kupferberg, she understands the meaning: the dog is Tony Soprano taking revenge on her behalf.

She tells Tony and others she has been in a car accident. When he sees her, Tony is shocked and concerned by her injuries. He tells her he is now ready to see a behaviorist. She says, "No," and starts crying. He goes to her, lays his hands gently on her, and asks what is the matter. She composes herself and asks him to return to his seat. He goes back, but asks, "What? You wanna say something?" After a tense pause, she says, "No."

Melfi sees Dr. Kupferberg on a regular basis. In "The Second Coming", he tells her that a recent study has shown that talk therapy may only help a sociopath become more sociopathic. Elliot has commented that treating Tony Soprano gives her a "vicarious thrill". Melfi tells Elliott she used to find Tony attractive at first, but no longer. She does not mention that shortly before this session, she had an erotic dream about herself and Tony.

Melfi attends a dinner party with Elliot and other colleagues, but the conversation turns to the recent study claiming sociopaths take advantage of talk therapy. Kupferberg angers and shocks her by revealing to all present that Tony Soprano is her patient. However, she reads the study at home and is convinced of its findings. At his next session Tony is relaxed, while her responses become sarcastic and aggressive. When she says she intends to cease treating him, he is taken aback and hurt: "We're making progress! It's been seven years!" She says, "You don't give a shit about commitments, about what I do." She waits for him to go, then closes the door on him.

Character origins
David Chase modeled the character of Jennifer Melfi after his own psychiatrist. Bracco played the wife of a mobster in Goodfellas (1990) and she was originally asked to play the role of Carmela Soprano. She took the role of Jennifer Melfi instead because she wanted to try something different and felt that the part of the highly educated Dr. Melfi would be more of a challenge for her.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jennifer Melfi


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Talk:Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale

Untitled
We also have the arms of the former county borough:

but this page isn't really big enough to justify anything but the current arms. Marnanel 20:26, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Picture
Does anyone think a picture of the Town Hall (on Rochdale article) would be more justified than the Touchstones Gallery or the War Memorial. It seems like the article focuses on it more than the other two buildings, and nobody could disagree that it doesn't look as spectacular. -- -- Boothman   /tɔːk/. 15:48, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Arms-rochdale-mbc.png
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Source of reaction
There's a bit about the reaction to the formation of the borough here. --Jza84 | Talk  18:36, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

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Runs Gentoo-Portage.com - Thrasher6670 20:29, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

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That's kinda odd. I haven't done any testing to make sure it works on the release version of 1.6 yet though. I've only used it on 1.6 alpha. Thank you for your bug report. --Phroziac ♥♥♥♥ 18:14, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

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Baron Hunsdon

Baron Hunsdon is a title that has been created three times.

It was first created in 1559 in the Peerage of England for the soldier and courtier Henry Carey. His grandson, the fourth Baron, was created by Viscount Rochford in 1621 and Earl of Dover, in the County of Kent, in 1628. These titles were also in the Peerage of England. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He had already in 1640 been summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's barony of Hunsdon. However, on his death in 1677, the viscountcy and earldom became extinct. The barony passed to his second cousin once removed, the sixth Baron. He was the great-grandson of Sir Edmund Carey, the younger son of the first Baron. On his death, the title passed to his first cousin, the seventh Baron. He died unmarried and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, the eighth Baron. On the latter's death in 1765, the barony became extinct as well.

The second creation was in 1832 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, a peer of Scotland, was created Baron Hunsdon, of Scutterskelfe in the county of York. This title became extinct on his death in 1884.

The title was created again in 1923 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The barony was revived for the businessman Herbert Gibbs, who was made Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon, of Briggens in the County of Hertford. Gibbs was the fourth son of Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham (see the Baron Aldenham for earlier history of the family). He was a partner in the family firm of Antony Gibbs & Sons, and also served as Chairman of the Public Works Loan Board. In 1908, Gibbs acquired Hunsdon House and the Briggens estate in Hertfordshire. He was succeeded by his son, the second Baron. In 1939, he succeeded his cousin to the barony of Aldenham. The two baronies remain united.

Baron Hunsdon, first creation (1559)

 * Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1526–1596)
 * George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon (1547–1603)
 * John Carey, 3rd Baron Hunsdon (c. 1556 – 1617)
 * Henry Carey, 4th Baron Hunsdon (c. 1580 – 1666, created Viscount Rochford in 1621)

Viscount Rochford (1621)

 * Henry Carey, 1st Viscount Rochford (c. 1580 – 1666, created Earl of Dover in 1628)

Earl of Dover (1628)

 * Henry Carey, 1st Earl of Dover (c. 1580 – 1666)
 * John Carey, 2nd Earl of Dover (1608–1677)

At the death of the 2nd Earl, the viscountcy and the earldom became extinct.

Baron Hunsdon, first creation (1559; reverted)

 * Robert Carey, 6th Baron Hunsdon (b. 1652 – 1692)
 * Robert Carey, 7th Baron Hunsdon (b. 1649 – 1702)
 * William Ferdinand Carey, 8th Baron Hunsdon (1684–1765)

At the death of the 8th Baron, the barony became extinct.

Baron Hunsdon, second creation (1832)

 * Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland (1803–1884)

Barons Hunsdon, third creation (1923)

 * Herbert Cokayne Gibbs, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1854–1935)
 * Walter Durant Gibbs, 2nd Baron Hunsdon (1888–1969, succeeded as Baron Aldenham in 1939)

title: Baron Hunsdon


text:
Baron Aldenham

Baron Aldenham, of Aldenham in the county of Hertfordshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom that was created on 31 January 1896 for the businessman Hucks Gibbs. He was head of the family firm of Antony Gibbs & Sons (founded by his grandfather Antony Gibbs) and a director and Governor of the Bank of England. Gibbs also briefly sat as a Conservative Member of Parliament for the City of London. His fourth son Herbert Cokayne Gibbs was created Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon in 1923 (see below).

Lord Aldenham was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He also represented the City of London in the House of Commons as a Conservative. He was succeeded by his son, the third Baron. On the latter's death in 1939 the barony of Aldenham was inherited by his cousin the second Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon (see Baron Hunsdon for earlier history of this title). He served as chairman of Antony Gibbs & Sons. the titles are held by his grandson, the sixth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1986.

Another member of the family to gain distinction was Vicary Gibbs, third son of the first Baron. He was Conservative Member of Parliament for St Albans.

The Barons Wraxall are members of another branch of the Gibbs family; their seat was at Tyntesfield. George Henry Gibbs, father of the first Baron Aldenham, was the elder brother of William Gibbs, grandfather of George Gibbs, 1st Baron Wraxall.

The family seat is Holwell Manor, near Sherborne, Dorset.

Barons Aldenham (1896)

 * (Henry) Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham (1819–1907)
 * Alban George Henry Gibbs, 2nd Baron Aldenham (1846–1936)
 * Gerald Henry Beresford Gibbs, 3rd Baron Aldenham (1879–1939)
 * Walter Durant Gibbs, 4th Baron Aldenham, 2nd Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon (1888–1969)
 * Antony Durant Gibbs, 5th Baron Aldenham, 3rd Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon (1922–1986)
 * Vicary Tyser Gibbs, 6th Baron Aldenham, 4th Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon (born 1948)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Humphrey William Fell Gibbs (born 1989).

title: Baron Aldenham


text:
Talk:History of Tyrol

History
The best disambiguation would be some history. Wetman 20:32, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Vittorio Veneto battle
Would someone cite sources for the fact that Austrians did not fight in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, please. I did not find and reference to support this claim. --Panairjdde 17:10, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, it looks like something happened. Croatian and Hungarian regiments refused to fight. There was no eraly communication of armistice (the Allies thought the war was to continue for 3/4 months more). I am removing the note on Vittorio Veneto --Panairjdde 10:28, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

the?
"The Tyrol" ? Isn't it simply "Tyrol", without the article? 81.243.28.3 16:51, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I am unsure of what you are referring to. -- Bossi  ( talk • gallery • contrib ) 02:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Trentino
A bit curious why the map referenced only shows the Austrian state of Tirol and the Italian province of Bolzano, but not the province of Trento (Trentino), which was also part of the County of Tyrol. cheers, Icsunonove 00:03, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Added it. Icsunonove 23:11, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * How about the Ampezzano? Andreas  (T) 00:25, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The article is pretty bad shaped. The county of Tyrol never had formal control over the bishopric-counties of Trento and Brixen, that remained formally indipendent from Hapsburg control till 1806, when all the bishopric-counties were abolished and Brixen and Trento became part of the Hapsburgic empire. Obviously, they did awnser formally to the Hapsburgs, but only because the Hapsburgs were emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.--Aldux 15:49, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The bishoprics where formally autonomous, but in fact the power was wielded by the counts of Tyrol and later by the Habsburgs, the vicars of the Bishops of Trento and Brixen. Pcassitti 07:43, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Changes
The changes from IP 138.232.1.229 where made by me. I moved some lines from History of South Tyrol to this article to remedy a content fork. History of South Tyrol now starts with the end of WWI, information about previous history has been moved here. Pcassitti 12:57, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

NPOV tag
The article has become completely unbalanced. I again invite the anonymous user who keeps making changes to discuss them here before adding them. Some of the issues:
 * -Subsequent entities in the former country infobox: obviously the subsequent entity of the county of Tirol wasn't the kingdom of Italy. The county of Tirol was a subdivision of the austrian empire, and was subdivided into the austrian Land Tirol, and the italian provinces of Trento and Bolzano. Where is the logic in putting the flag of the italian kingdom in the infobox?
 * The logic is that the Provincia di Trento was estrablished only in 1922, and the Provincia di Bolazano only in 1926.
 * -Commentaries about the various theories regarding WWI: I think the following passage about sums it all up: "The legend of an Italian army surpassing an already collapsed army, to complete its "great victory" against undefened troops, was later enforced to discredit the Italian victory and justify the Imperial defeat,[7] among several others legends such us the supposed "tracery" of 1915, or the "cowardly" of the Italian soldiers conducting the war on the back or the allied troops.[8] Despite all the evidences, some sources still claim that Italians overrunned Austrian positions which were undefended and for this reason they advanced into Tyrol till its capital Innsbruck, capturing some 356,000 "unoffensive" soldiers of the Austrian army".
 * You was the 1st to claim that Italian army attached the "already disintegrating" Empire (which is false), and gained its victory overruning "now undefended" troops (that is false) etc. etc., and that Innsbruck was reached for the same reason (again false). Among other things you omit to write that the troops were "already" overruned, "already" retiring and "already" undefended (because disbanded). THIS is a POV statement, I'd say! I just replied. BTW, it's possible to read above that the legend of the AU army, "not fighting" in the VV battle, was already imposed. So, it so no so bad to remember it's a legend.

Here the original claim: ''In the final days of World War I, the troops of the already disintegrating Austrian-Hungarian Empire were defeated on 29 October 1918 in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in Italy. The subsequent armistice of Villa Giusti was signed on November 3 but was set into force only a day later on November 4, with the Austrian command having ordered its troops to cease hostilities one day too early. This allowed the Italian troops, which had already advanced into Veneto, Friuli and Cadore, to overrun the now undefended Austrian positions, advance deep into Tyrol and occupy its capital Innsbruck. In the process some 356,000 soldiers of the Austrian army were taken prisoner''.
 * Apart from the style and unencyclopedic information, in the original article there wasn't any mention of a victory over undefended troops, or of treachery or cowardice or similar things. The above passage is in my opinion blatantly POV. I ask you again to stop pushing your POV issues and to enter a constructive debate. Pcassitti (talk) 20:41, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There was actually the mention of "undefended troops" "overruned", just read!!!! All the legends are real and most of all sourced and still alive (you are an example). It's no so bad to write a note; a sourced statement, anyway, is never a POV.
 * I've finally to point out that you refused to move the discussion into "VV battle"!! Regards!--78.13.166.26 (talk) 10:46, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Split tag
The current version of the article is about the "County of Tyrol" and not about "Tyrol". The new article "County of Tyrol" shall be created, using all the historical part (nearly all the article). The correctness of the proposal it's self evident.--78.13.166.26 (talk) 10:46, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The region known as Tyrol includes, but is not restricted to, the old county of Tyrol. In fact, the Bishopric became part of the crownland Tyrol (not the county, which by then did not exist anymore), which was created in the 19th century. Pcassitti (talk) 11:20, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Subsequent entities
I have changed the succeeding entities in the Former Country Template according to Template:Infobox Former Country/Instructions: "If the entity did not exist for a period before reforming (specified when you use the life_span parameter above), do not list the intermediate states." Pcassitti (talk) 12:35, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Image:Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.png
This bot has detected that this page contains an image, Image:Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.png, in a raster format. A replacement is available as a Scalable vector graphic (SVG) at File:Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.svg. If the replacement image is suitable please edit the article to use the vector version. Scalable vector graphics should be used in preference to raster for images that can easily represented in a vector graphic format. If this bot is in error, you may leave a bug report at its talk page Thanks SVnaGBot1 (talk) 15:10, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Districts transferred to Salzburg Some districts were transferred from Salzburg to Tyrol in 1849, presumably Zell-am-See and the Gasteiner valley, returned to Salzburg in 1918. Source 1911 Britannica. Noel Ellis 10:16, 1 June 2018 (UTC)~ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Noel Ellis (talk • contribs)

title: Talk:History of Tyrol


text:
User talk:Syntax recorded

Hi! I saw your edit to the Economics talk page, and I just wanted to welcome you to Wikipedia. I hope you like it here and keep contributing.

I moved your comment to the bottom of the talk page, as it's generally preferred to add new comments to the bottom. You can go ahead and make your proposed changes - see Be bold in updating pages. Edit wars are frowned on, but an edit war is when two or more editors are repeatedly making and unmaking the same changes. If you make a change and someone disagrees, that's not an edit war. It's no big deal.

You can sign your comments on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp. Timestamping is usually preferred.

You might be interested in assigning your anonymous edits to your new username.

A few other useful links:
 * Welcome is a good place to start.
 * How does one edit a page gives editing help.
 * Manual of Style gives formatting info.
 * Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now.
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 * Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving.

You should also feel free to drop me a question on my talk page. I'll answer if I'm here.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 20:34, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Syntax recorded


text:
Judith Miller

Judith Miller (born January 2, 1948) is an American journalist and commentator known for writing on Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program both before and after the 2003 invasion, whose writings were later discovered to have been based on fabricated intelligence. She worked in the Washington bureau of The New York Times before joining Fox News in 2008.

Miller co-wrote a book Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War, which became a top New York Times best seller shortly after she became a victim of a hoax anthrax letter at the time of the 2001 anthrax attacks.

The New York Times determined that several stories she wrote about Iraq were inaccurate, and she was forced to resign from the paper in 2005. According to commentator Ken Silverstein, Miller's Iraq reporting "effectively ended her career as a respectable journalist". Miller defended her reporting, stating "My job isn't to assess the government's information and be an independent intelligence analyst myself. My job is to tell readers of The New York Times what the government thought about Iraq's arsenal." She published a memoir, The Story: A Reporter's Journey, in April 2015.

Miller was involved in the Plame Affair, where Valerie Plame was outed as a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) spy by Richard Armitage after Plame’s husband published a New York Times op-ed casting doubts on claims that Saddam Hussein sought to purchase uranium from Africa. Miller spent 85 days in jail for refusing to reveal that her source in the Plame Affair was Scooter Libby, chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney. Later, she contributed to the conservative Fox News Channel and Newsmax, and was a fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute.

Early life and education
Miller was born in New York City. Her Russian-born father, Bill Miller, was Jewish. He owned the Riviera night club in New Jersey and later operated several casinos in Las Vegas. Bill Miller was known for booking iconic Las Vegas performers. His biggest success was getting Elvis Presley to return to Las Vegas after initially being an unsuccessful booking. Her mother was a "pretty Irish Catholic showgirl."

Miller attended Ohio State University, where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta sorority. She graduated from Barnard College of Columbia University in 1969 and received a master's degree in public affairs from Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs. Early in her career at The New York Times bureau in Washington, D.C. she dated one of the newspaper's other reporters (and future investment banker) Steven Rattner. In 1993, she married Jason Epstein, an editor and publisher.

Judith Miller is the half-sister of Jimmy Miller who was a record producer for many classic rock bands of the 1960s through to the 1990s including the Rolling Stones, Traffic and Blind Faith.

Career
During Miller's tenure at The New York Times, she was a member of the team that won the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting, for its 2001 coverage of global terrorism before and after the September 11 attacks. She and James Risen received the award and one of the cited articles appeared under her byline.

Her writing during this period was criticised by Middle East scholar Edward Said for evincing an anti-Islamic bias. In his book Covering Islam Said stated that Miller's book God Has Ninety-Nine Names "is like a textbook of the inadequacies and distortions of media coverage of Islam." He criticised her poor grasp of Arabic, saying that "nearly every time she tries to impress us with her ability to say a phrase or two in Arabic she unerringly gets it wrong... They are the crude mistakes committed by a foreigner who neither has care nor... respect for her subject." He concluded Miller "fears and dislikes Lebanon, hates Syria, laughs at Libya, dismisses Sudan, feels sorry for and a little alarmed by Egypt and is repulsed by Saudi Arabia. She hasn't bothered to learn the language and is relentlessly only concerned with the dangers of Islamic militancy, which, I would hazard a guess, accounts for less than 5 percent of the billion-strong Islamic world." However, Miller asserted that in the wake of the September 11 attacks she argued that militant Islamism of the type represented by Al Qaeda had peaked and was fading into insignificance.

Anthrax hoax victim
On October 12, 2001, Miller opened an anthrax hoax letter mailed to her New York Times office. The 2001 anthrax attacks had begun occurring in the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001, with anthrax-laced letters sent to ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, and the New York Post, all in New York City, as well as the National Enquirer in Boca Raton, Florida. Two additional letters (with a higher grade of anthrax) were sent on October 9, 2001, to Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy in Washington.

Miller was the only major U.S. reporter, and The New York Times was the only major U.S. media organization, to be the target of a fake anthrax letter in the fall of 2001. Miller had reported extensively on the subject of biological threats and had co-authored, with Stephen Engelberg and William Broad, a book on bio-terrorism, Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War, which was published on October 2, 2001. Miller co-authored an article on Pentagon plans to develop a more potent version of weaponized anthrax, "U.S. Germ Warfare Research Pushes Treaty Limits", published in The New York Times on September 4, 2001, weeks before the first anthrax mailings.

Islamic charities search leak
Shortly after the September 11 attacks, the U.S. government was considering adding the Holy Land Foundation to a list of organizations with suspected links to terrorism and was planning to search the premises of the organization. The information about the impending raid was given to Miller by a confidential source. On December 3, 2001, Miller telephoned the Holy Land Foundation for comment, and The New York Times published an article in the late edition papers and on its website that day. The next day, the government searched HLF's offices. These occurrences led to a lawsuit brought by Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, with prosecutors claiming that Miller and her colleague Philip Shenon had queried this Islamic charity, and another, in ways that made them aware of the planned searches.

The Iraq War
At The New York Times, Miller wrote on security issues, particularly about Iraq and weapons of mass destruction. Many of these stories later turned out to have been based upon faulty information. (One of her stories that was not disproved reported that inspectors in Iraq "saw nothing to prompt a war.")

On September 8, 2002, Miller and her Times colleague Michael R. Gordon reported the interception of "aluminum tubes" bound for Iraq. Her front-page story quoted unnamed "American officials" and "American intelligence experts" who said the tubes were intended to be used to enrich nuclear material, and cited unnamed "Bush administration officials" who said that, in recent months, Iraq had "stepped up its quest for nuclear weapons and [had] embarked on a worldwide hunt for materials to make an atomic bomb". Miller added that

"Mr. Hussein's dogged insistence on pursuing his nuclear ambitions, along with what defectors described in interviews as Iraq's push to improve and expand Baghdad's chemical and biological arsenals, have brought Iraq and the United States to the brink of war."

Shortly after Miller's article was published, Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, and Donald Rumsfeld appeared on television and pointed to Miller's story in support of their position. As summarized by The New York Review of Books, "in the following months, the tubes would become a key prop in the administration's case for war, and the Times played a critical part in legitimizing it." Miller later said of the controversy

"[M]y job isn't to assess the government's information and be an independent intelligence analyst myself. My job is to tell readers of The New York Times what the government thought about Iraq's arsenal."

In an April 21, 2003 article, Miller, ostensibly on the basis of statements from the military unit in which she was embedded, reported claims allegedly made by an Iraqi scientist that Iraq had kept biological and chemical weapons until "right before the invasion." This report was covered extensively in the press. Miller went on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer and stated:

"Well, I think they found something more than a smoking gun. What they've found is a silver bullet in the form of a person, an Iraqi individual, a scientist, as we've called him, who really worked on the programs, who knows them firsthand, and who has led MET Alpha people to some pretty startling conclusions."

There was strong internal dissent amongst other Times reporters regarding publication of the inflammatory, unsourced accusations, however, and that the military were allowed to censor it before it appeared. A week after it appeared, one Times insider called Miller's piece "wacky-assed" and complained there were "real questions about it and why it was on page 1."

On May 26, 2003, Howard Kurtz of The Washington Post reported on a Miller internal email sent to John Burns, the Times' Baghdad bureau chief. In it she admitted her source regarding the alleged WMDs, according to Seymour Hersh writing for The New Yorker, was none other than Ahmed Chalabi's Iraqi National Congress, which alleges Pentagon officials passed on to Miller, despite the Central Intelligence Agency disagreeing with its content. Her Times editor, Andrew Rosenthal, criticized Kurtz for its release.

A year later, on May 26, 2004, a week after the U.S. government apparently severed ties with Chalabi, a Times editorial acknowledged that some of the paper's coverage in the run-up to the war had relied too heavily on Chalabi and other Iraqi exiles, who were bent on regime change. The editorial also expressed "regret" that "information that was controversial [was] allowed to stand unchallenged." However, the editorial explicitly rejected "blame on individual reporters."

On May 27, 2004, the day after the Times' mea culpa, James C. Moore quoted Miller in an article in Salon:

"You know what, ... I was proved fucking right. That's what happened. People who disagreed with me were saying, 'There she goes again.' But I was proved fucking right.'"

The statement about being "proved ... right" was in relation to another Miller story, wherein she had written trailers found in Iraq had been shown to be mobile weapons labs. However that claim, too, was subsequently refuted as false.

It was alleged later in Editor & Publisher that, while Miller's reporting "frequently [did] not meet published Times standards", she was not sanctioned and was given a relatively free rein, because she consistently delivered frequent front-page scoops for the paper by "cultivating top-ranking sources."

In 2005, facing federal court proceedings for refusing to divulge a source in the Plame affair criminal investigation, Miller spent 85 days in jail in Alexandria, Va. (where French terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui was also held). After her release, the Times' Public Editor Byron Calame wrote:

"Ms. Miller may still be best known for her role in a series of Times articles in 2002 and 2003 that strongly suggested Saddam Hussein already had or was acquiring an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction ... Many of those articles turned out to be inaccurate ... [T]he problems facing her inside and outside the newsroom will make it difficult for her to return to the paper as a reporter."

Two weeks later, Miller negotiated a private severance package with Times' publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. She contested Calame's claims about her reporting and gave no ground in defending her work. She cited "difficulty" in performing her job effectively after having become "an integral part of the stories [she] was sent to cover."

In a 2018 interview with The Intercept, James Risen defended Miller by saying that there was a "systemic problem at the paper" in regards to reporting about the existence of WMD's. He said the paper wanted "stories about the existence of WMD" rather than "skeptical stories".

Contempt of court
On October 1, 2004, federal Judge Thomas F. Hogan found Miller in contempt of court for refusing to appear before a federal grand jury, which was investigating who had leaked to reporters the fact that Valerie Plame was a CIA operative. Miller did not write an article about the subject at the time of the leak, but others did, notably Robert Novak, spurring the investigation. Judge Hogan sentenced her to 18 months in jail, but stayed the sentence while her appeal proceeded. On February 15, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit unanimously upheld Judge Hogan's ruling. On June 17, 2005, the US Supreme Court declined to hear the case. On July 6, 2005, Judge Hogan ordered Miller to serve her sentence at "a suitable jail within the metropolitan area of the District of Columbia". She was taken to Alexandria City Jail on July 7, 2005.

In a separate case, Federal Judge Robert W. Sweet ruled on February 24, 2005, that Miller was not required to reveal who in the government leaked word of an impending raid to her. Patrick Fitzgerald, the same prosecutor who had had Miller jailed in the Plame case, argued that Miller's calls to groups suspected of funding terrorists had tipped them off to the raid and allowed them time to destroy evidence. Fitzgerald wanted Miller's phone records to confirm the time of the tip and determine who had leaked the information to Miller in the first place. Judge Sweet held that because Fitzgerald could not demonstrate in advance that the phone records would provide the information he sought the prosecutor's needs were outweighed by a 'reporter's privilege' to keep sources confidential. On August 1, 2006, a three-judge panel of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed Judge Sweet's decision, holding 2–1 that federal prosecutors could inspect the telephone records of Miller and Philip Shenon. Judge Ralph K. Winter, Jr. wrote: "No grand jury can make an informed decision to pursue the investigation further, much less to indict or not indict, without the reporters' evidence".

Prior to her jailing for civil contempt, Miller's lawyers argued that it was pointless to imprison her because she would never talk or reveal confidential sources. Under such circumstances, argued her lawyers, jail term would be "merely punitive" and would serve no purpose. Arguing that Miller should be confined to her home and could forego Internet access and cellphone use, Miller's lawyers suggested that "impairing her unrestricted ability to do her job as an investigative journalist ... would present the strictest form of coercion to her". Failing that, Miller's lawyers asked that she be sent to a women's facility in Danbury, Connecticut, nearer to "Ms. Miller's 76-year-old husband", retired book publisher Jason Epstein, who lived in New York City, and whose state of health was the subject of a confidential medical report filed by Miller's attorneys. Upon being jailed, the Times reported on July 7, 2005, that Miller had purchased a cockapoo puppy to keep her husband company during her absence.

On September 17, 2005, The Washington Post reported that Miller had received a "parade of prominent government and media officials" during her first 11 weeks in prison, including visits by former U.S. Republican Senator Bob Dole, NBC News anchor Tom Brokaw, and John R. Bolton, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. After her release on September 29, 2005, Miller agreed to disclose to the grand jury the identity of her source, Lewis Libby, Vice President Cheney's chief of staff.

On Tuesday, January 30, 2007, Miller took the stand as a witness for the prosecution against Lewis Libby. Miller discussed three conversations she had had with Libby in June and July 2003, including the meeting on June 23, 2003. In her first appearance before the grand jury, Miller said she could not remember. According to The New York Times, when asked if Libby discussed Valerie Plame, Miller responded in the affirmative, "adding that Libby had said Wilson worked at the agency's (C.I.A.) division that dealt with limiting the proliferation of unconventional weapons". The trial resulted in guilty verdicts against Libby.

Refusal to disclose source
In July 2005, several months prior to her October 2005 resignation from The New York Times, Miller was jailed for contempt of court for refusing to testify before a federal grand jury investigating a leak naming Valerie Plame as a CIA officer. While Miller never wrote about Plame, she was believed to be in possession of evidence relevant to the leak investigation. According to a subpoena, Miller met with an unnamed government official, later revealed to be I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's Chief of Staff, on July 8, 2003. Plame's CIA identity was divulged publicly in a column by conservative political commentator Robert Novak on July 14, 2003. Novak's source was revealed to have not been Libby, but Richard Armitage of the Department of State.

On July 16, 2005, The Washington Post reported that Miller could face criminal contempt charges, which could have extended her jail time six months beyond the four months then anticipated. The Post suggested that special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald was particularly interested in hearing Miller's version of her encounter with Libby. Filings by Fitzgerald reportedly alleged that Miller's defiance of the court constituted a crime. On September 29, 2005, after spending 85 days in jail, Miller was released following a telephone call with Libby. He had reconfirmed the release of confidentiality. Under oath, Miller was questioned by Fitzgerald before a federal grand jury the following day, September 30, 2005, but was not relieved of contempt charges until after testifying again on October 12, 2005.

For her second grand jury appearance, Miller produced a notebook from a previously undisclosed meeting with Libby on June 23, 2003. This was several weeks before Joseph Wilson's New York Times editorial was published. This belied the theory that Libby was retaliating against Wilson for his Times editorial. According to Miller's notes from that earlier meeting, Libby disclosed that Joseph Wilson's wife was a CIA employee involved in her husband's trip to Niger. Miller's notebook from her July 8, 2003, meeting with Libby contains the name "Valerie Flame [sic]". This reference occurred six days before Novak published Plame's name and unmasked her as a CIA operative.

Miller's grand jury account was the basis for her last article in The New York Times. The newspaper published Miller's first-person account, "My Four Hours Testifying in the Federal Grand Jury Room", on October 16, 2005. Miller said she could not remember who gave her the name "Valerie Plame" but she was sure it didn't come from Libby.

Miller testified as a witness on January 30, 2007, at the trial of Scooter Libby, which began in January 2007. The trial ended on March 6, 2007, with Libby's conviction on four of five counts, though none of the counts had to do with actually revealing Plame's name to the media.

Independent writing
Since leaving The New York Times, Miller has continued her work as a writer in Manhattan and has contributed several op-ed pieces to The Wall Street Journal. On May 16, 2006, she summarized her investigations on U.S. foreign policy regarding Libya's dismantling of its weapons programs in an essay published in two parts.

On May 17, 2006, NavySEALs.com and MediaChannel.org published an exclusive interview with Miller in which she detailed how the attack on the USS Cole led her to investigate Al-Qaeda and, in July 2001, to her receiving information from a top-level White House source concerning top-secret NSA signals intelligence (SIGINT) about an impending Al-Qaeda attack, possibly against the continental United States. Two months later, on September 11, Miller and her editor at the Times, Stephen Engelberg, both regretted not writing that story.

On September 7, 2007, she was hired as an adjunct fellow of the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a neo-conservative free-market think tank. Her duties included being a contributing editor for the organization's publication, City Journal. On October 20, 2008, Fox News announced that it had hired Miller.

As of 2018, she is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She has also been a member of the Aspen Strategy Group, and has served on a prestigious National Academy of Sciences panel examining how best to expand of the work of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which since 1991 has sought to stop the spread of WMD material and expertise from the former Soviet Union. She lectures frequently on the Middle East, Islam, terrorism, biological and chemical weapons, as well as other national security topics.

The Iraq War revisited
On April 3, 2015, The Wall Street Journal published an op-ed piece by Miller in which she defended her comportment during the lead-up to the war in Iraq, as well as the Bush administration's stance and decisions regarding the war. "Officials [of the Bush administration] didn't lie, and I wasn't fed a line," she wrote. Miller acknowledged that "there was no shortage of mistakes about Iraq, and I made my share of them. The newsworthy claims of some of my prewar WMD stories were wrong", but rejected the notion that "I took America to war in Iraq. It was all me", which according to her "continue[d] to have believers".

Critics subsequently wrote that "Miller's war reporting was disastrously wrong, and now she's trying desperately to spin it all away,". Valerie Plame commented that while "no one is crediting [Miller] with starting the Iraq war," and she was "not actually on the team that took us into the biggest, most tragic US foreign policy debacle ever..., [Miller's] attempt to re-write history is both pathetic and self-serving."

The Guardian wrote that "in arguing that Bush was a victim of faulty intelligence analysis, Miller ignores extensive reporting showing that the Bush administration was making plans for an Iraq invasion before the advent of intelligence used to justify it."

Others focused on what they termed as factual inaccuracies, such as Miller's claim that "Hans Blix, the former chief of the international weapons inspectors, bears some responsibility [for the war]" because he "told the U.N. in January 2003 that despite America's ultimatum, Saddam was still not complying fully with his U.N. pledges." Her critics pointed out that, although Blix indeed reported that "Iraq wasn't fully compliant," he also reported that Iraq was "largely cooperative with regard to process," and, subsequently, "made it abundantly clear, in an interview published in The New York Times, that nothing he'd seen at the time justified war," an interview taken by Miller herself.

Memoir
In April 2015, Miller published The Story: A Reporter's Journey, a memoir that focused largely on her reporting during the second Gulf War. Her former colleague Neil Lewis characterized most of the reviews as "unreservedly critical". Writing in The New York Times, former Los Angeles Times reporter Terry McDermott wrote that although "this is not a score-settling book", he found it "sad and flawed". Ιn The Washington Post, Erik Wemple wrote that the book's "dynamic" of "Judy Miller against the world" lends her book an aspect that is "both depressing and desperate". A review in the Columbia Journalism Review called the book "less a memoir than an apologia and an assault". In The Daily Beast, Lloyd Grove characterized Miller's work as "self-pitying". Criticizing Miller's failure to fully take responsibility for the flaws in her reporting, Matt Taibbi wrote in Rolling Stone: "Most of The Story is a tale of dog after scheming dog eating Miller's homework. ... Mostly, she just had a lot of rotten luck. Or at least, that's how it reads. It's a sweeping, epic non-apology. Every bad thing Miller has ever been accused of turns out to be wrong or taken out of context, according to her."

title: Judith Miller


text:
Tomokazu Seki

Tomokazu Seki (関 智一) is a Japanese voice actor and singer. He has previously worked with Haikyō. He is honorary president of and affiliated with Atomic Monkey and the chairman of theater company HeroHero Q. He is a special lecturer at Japan Newart College.

Career
Seki landed his first role in 1993 anime Mobile Suit Victory Gundam as Tomache Massarik. Some of his most notable roles include Shinichi Chiaki from Nodame Cantabile, Gilgamesh from Fate/stay night, Rob Lucci from One Piece, Gundam characters Domon Kasshu and Yzak Joule (from G Gundam, Gundam Seed Gundam Seed Destiny, respectively), Kyo Sohma from Fruits Basket, Whisper from Yo-kai Watch, Kanji Tatsumi from Persona 4, Shinya Kogami from Psycho-Pass, Ichiro Miyata from Hajime no Ippo, Haru Glory from Rave Master, Toya Kinomoto (Sakura Kinomoto's older brother) from Cardcaptor Sakura, Van Fanel from The Vision of Escaflowne, Suneo Honekawa in Doraemon, Chichiri from Fushigi Yuugi, Ken Hidaka from Weiss Kreuz, alongside Hiro Yūki, Takehito Koyasu, and Shin-ichiro Miki. Koyasu and Miki, along with Seki, have also voiced in Initial D as Keisuke Takahashi, Gravitation, and Nobuo Terashima in Nana, as well. He has also voiced the roles of Ryūki Shi in Saiunkoku Monogatari, in Lucky Star as the recurring guest character, Meito Anizawa and Shōji Tōkairin along with Sakiko Tamagawa, Akiko Hiramatsu and Yoshiko Sakakibara in You're Under Arrest Season 1, The Movie & Fast & Furious Season 2.

On November 20, 2017, Seki apologized on the online radio program Unizon for an incident that took place which took place a day earlier, during an event for the online radio program A&G All Star 2017, where he had instructed Yusuke Tonozaki, a newbie voice actor from his agency, to ask voice actress Rina Hidaka to have sex with him as a joke.

Drama CD

 * Card Captor Sakura Original Drama Album 1 (1998) – Tōya Kinomoto
 * Abunai series 1: Abunai Shuugaku Ryokou - Izumi Sudou
 * Abunai series 4: Abunai Campus Love - Wataru Sawada
 * Anatolia Story - Kikkuri
 * Angel Sanctuary - Sandalphon
 * Beauty Pop - Narumi Shogo
 * Buso Renkin - Moon Face
 * D.N.Angel Wink - Satoshi Hiwatari
 * Dragon Knights - Rath Eryuser
 * Everyday Everynight - Enohara Midato
 * FAKE ~A Change of Heart~ - Dee Laytner
 * Fate/Zero - Gilgamesh
 * Fruits Basket - Kyo Sohma
 * Gaki/Kodomo no Ryoubun - Kayano Hiromi
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 1: Kayanoke no Okite - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 2: Hasumi Koukou - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 3: Saikyou Hiiruzu - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 4: Uwasa no Shinzui - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 5: Akuun no Jouken - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 6: Manatsu no Zankyou - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 7: Monster Panic - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 8: Bunkiten Vol.1 Hottan - Hiromi Kayano
 * Gaki no Ryoubun series 9: Bunkiten Vol.2 Haran - Hiromi Kayano
 * Genso Suikoden II Drama CD - Luca Blight
 * Haou Airen - Hakuron
 * Juvenile Orion - Kusakabe Kaname
 * Kimi ga Suki Nanosa - Tsugumi Kanou
 * Love Celeb - Ginzo Fujiwara, Hakuron
 * Mekakushi no Kuni - Naitō Arō
 * Mossore
 * Niji no Irie ~Trouble Studio~ - Kiwa Irie
 * Rolex ni Kuchizukewo - Kazuya Yuu
 * Rurouni Kenshin - Sagara Sanosuke
 * Saiunkoku Monogatari - Ryūki Shi
 * Sakurazawa vs Hakuhou series 1: Shokuinshitsu de Naisho no Romance - Katsumi Hirose
 * Samurai Deeper Kyo - Shinrei
 * Tokyo Junk 1 & 2 - Yuuichi Sakura
 * Yatteraneeze! - Takashi Masaki

Radio

 * Fate/Zero Radio material - Gilgamesh
 * Saiunkoku Monogatari - Ryūki Shi

Video games

 * 2nd Super Robot Wars Z Saisei-Hen - Gou
 * Another Century's Episode 2 - Domon Kasshu
 * Apocripha/0 - Sapphirus Hawthorne
 * Assassin's Creed II (Japanese version) - Ezio Auditore da Firenze
 * Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (Japanese version) - Ezio Auditore da Firenze
 * Atelier Lise ~Alchemist of Ordre~ - Client Marif
 * BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle - Kanji Tatsumi (DLC)
 * Bleach Wii: Hakujin Kirameku Rondo - Arturo Plateado
 * Burning Rangers - Lead Phoenix
 * Daraku Tenshi - The Fallen Angels - Haiji Mibu
 * Dark Chronicle - Osmond
 * Evil Zone (Eretzvaju) - Danzaiver - Sho Mikagami
 * Fate/stay night - Gilgamesh
 * Fate/tiger colosseum - Gilgamesh
 * Fate/Unlimited Codes - Gilgamesh
 * Fate/Extra CCC - Gilgamesh
 * Fate/Grand Order - Gilgamesh, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * Fate/Extella: The Umbral Star - Gilgamesh
 * Fate/Extella Link - Gilgamesh
 * God Eater 3 - Hugo Pennywort
 * Gradius The Slot - Ace
 * Granblue Fantasy - Gawain, Nicholas-[Original JP name]-(Shiro), Mepple (Mepple and Mipple), Suneo Honekawa
 * Guilty Gear Xrd - Lucifero, Answer
 * Guilty Gear -STRIVE- - Lucifero
 * Hakuouki Reimeiroku - Ryunosuke Ibuki
 * Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 1 - Morimura Tenma
 * Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 2 - Taira no Katsuzane
 * Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 3 - Minamoto no "Kurou" Yoshitsune
 * Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 4 - Sazaki
 * Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 5 - Seiryuu
 * Higurashi No Naku Koro Ni Kizuna - Riku Furude
 * Initial D Arcade Stage series - Keisuke Takahashi
 * Invisible Sign series - Aizawa Shun
 * J-Stars Victory VS - Koro-Sensei
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle R - Enrico Pucci
 * Jujutsu Kaisen: Cursed Clash - Panda
 * Katekyo Hitman Reborn DS: Fate of Heat II - Bligganteth
 * Kamen Rider: Battride War Genesis - Great Leader of Shocker
 * Legend of Dragoon - Dart Feld
 * Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham (Japanese version) - Plastic Man
 * Lunar: Silver Star Story - Kyle
 * Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds - Viewtiful Joe
 * Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 - Viewtiful Joe
 * Master Detective Archives: Rain Code - Zilch Alexander
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Gundam vs. Gundam - Domon Kasshu
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Gundam vs. Gundam Next Plus - Domon Kasshu, Yzak Joule
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Side Story - Summona Fulis
 * Namco × Capcom - Black Bravoman, Stahn Aileron
 * Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel - Touji Suzuhara
 * Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel 2nd - Touji Suzuhara
 * Octopath Traveler - Alfyn
 * Odin Sphere - Onyx
 * Persona 4 - Kanji Tatsumi
 * Persona 4 Golden - Kanji Tatsumi
 * Persona 4 Arena - Kanji Tatsumi
 * Persona 4 Arena Ultimax - Kanji Tatsumi
 * Persona Q: Shadow of the Labyrinth - Kanji Tatsumi
 * Phantasy Star Universe - Ethan Waber
 * Private eye dol - Koji Sakaki
 * SD Gundam G Generation - Summona Fulis, Domon Kasshu
 * SD Gundam G Generation Spirits - Summona Fulis, Tomache Massarik
 * SD Gundam G Generation World - Domon Kasshu, Yzak Joule, Tomache Massarik
 * Sengoku Basara 3 - Ishida Mitsunari
 * Sengoku Basara 4 - Ishida Mitsunari
 * Skies of Arcadia - Vyse
 * Skylanders series - (Japanese versions) Terrafin, Slam Bam
 * Sly Cooper series (Japanese versions) - Sly Cooper
 * Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed - Vyse
 * Sonic Unleashed (Sonic the Werehog)
 * Soulcalibur V - Ezio Auditore da Firenze
 * Super Robot Wars Original Generation Saga Endless Frontier EXCEED - Aledy Nashe
 * Super Robot Wars Z - Toshiya Dantou
 * Steins;Gate - Hashida Itaru
 * Street Fighter X Tekken - Yoshimitsu, Bryan Fury
 * Xenosaga - Virgil
 * Tales of Destiny - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of Destiny 2 - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2 - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 3 - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2 - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 3 - Stan Aileron
 * Tales of VS - Stan Aileron
 * Tengai Makyō: Daiyon no Mokushiroku - Raijin
 * Tekken 4 - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 5 - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 6 - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken Tag Tournament 2 - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 3D: Prime Edition - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 7 - Yoshimitsu
 * Tekken 8 - Yoshimitsu
 * The Fallen Angels - Haiji Mibu
 * The King of Fighters All Star - Dellons
 * The Vision of Escaflowne - Van Fanel
 * Tokyo Afterschool Summoners - Leib
 * Viewtiful Joe: Red Hot Rumble - Joe
 * Warriors Orochi 4 Ultimate - Hades
 * Xenogears - Bart Fatima
 * Zoids Vs. III - Arrow
 * Valkyrie Connect - Thor
 * Cytus 2 - Xenon

Puppetry

 * Sherlock Holmes (2014) - Langdale Pike
 * Thunderbolt Fantasy (2016–present) - Betsu Ten Gai / Mie Tian Hai

Live-action films

 * Laughing Under the Clouds (2018)
 * Patalliro! (2019)
 * Maku wo Orosuna! (2023)

Live-action television

 * Tokusatsu GaGaGa (2019), General Genka (voice)
 * Tower of Justice (2021), Takafumi Makizono
 * Voice II (2021)
 * The 13 Lords of the Shogun (2022), Tsuchimikado Michichika

Live-action

 * Cha Tae-hyun
 * My Sassy Girl – Gyeon-woo
 * First Love Rally – Son Tae-il
 * My Girl and I – Kim Su-ho
 * My New Sassy Girl – Gyun-woo
 * Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds – Kim Ja-hong
 * James McAvoy
 * The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Mr. Tumnus the Faun
 * Atonement – Robbie Turner
 * His Dark Materials – Lord Asriel Belacqua
 * Oscar Isaac
 * Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse – Miguel O'Hara / Spider-Man 2099
 * Moon Knight – Marc Spector / Moon Knight, Steven Grant / Mr. Knight, and Jake Lockley
 * Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse – Miguel O'Hara / Spider-Man 2099
 * Ant-Man and the Wasp – Sonny Burch (Walton Goggins)
 * Black Widow – Rick Mason (O-T Fagbenle)
 * Bullet Train – Lemon (Brian Tyree Henry)
 * Fatal Attraction (2021 Wowow edition) – Dan Gallagher (Michael Douglas) (additional recording)
 * Flags of Our Fathers – Rene Gagnon (Jesse Bradford)
 * Frankenstein's Army – Vassili (Andrei Zayats)
 * From Dusk till Dawn: The Series – Seth Gecko (D. J. Cotrona)
 * Get Smart (2011 TV Asahi edition) – Bruce (Masi Oka)
 * The Great – Peter III of Russia (Nicholas Hoult)
 * High School Musical series – Chad Danforth (Corbin Bleu)
 * Jexi – Kai (Michael Peña)
 * A Life Less Ordinary – Robert Lewis (Ewan McGregor)
 * Lords of Dogtown – Jay (Emile Hirsch)
 * Lost & Found – Dylan Ramsey (David Spade)
 * Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile – Mr. Primm (Scoot McNairy)
 * Mars – Dr. Jay Johar (Akbar Kurtha)
 * Powder – Jeremy "Powder" Reed (Sean Patrick Flanery)
 * Quiz – Chris Tarrant (Michael Sheen)
 * Rise of the Planet of the Apes – Dr. William "Will" Rodman (James Franco)
 * Roman Holiday (2022 NTV edition) – Irving Radovich (Eddie Albert)
 * That Thing You Do! – Jimmy Mattingly (Johnathon Schaech)
 * The Smurfs 2 – Brainy Smurf (Fred Armisen)
 * This Is the End – Jay Baruchel
 * Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – Skids (Tom Kenny)
 * The Wedding Ringer – Doug Harris (Josh Gad)
 * Wonka – Prodnose (Matt Lucas)

Animation

 * Encanto – Agustín Madrigal
 * The Garfield Movie – Nolan
 * Migration – Delroy
 * Ron's Gone Wrong – Ron
 * The Super Mario Bros. Movie – Toad
 * Trolls World Tour – King Trollex

Series

 * Wild Strawberry - Takeshi

title: Tomokazu Seki


text:
Quantitative analysis

Quantitative analysis may refer to:

 * Quantitative research, application of mathematics and statistics in economics and marketing
 * Quantitative analysis (chemistry), the determination of the absolute or relative abundance of one or more substances present in a sample
 * Quantitative analysis (finance), the use of mathematical and statistical methods in finance and investment management
 * Quantitative analysis of behavior, quantitative models in the experimental analysis of behavior
 * Mathematical psychology, an approach to psychological research using mathematical modeling of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes
 * Statistics, the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data

title: Quantitative analysis