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Wardrobe malfunction

A wardrobe malfunction is a clothing failure that accidentally exposes a person's intimate parts. It is different from deliberate incidents of indecent exposure or public flashing. Justin Timberlake first used the term when apologizing for the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy during the 2004 Grammy Awards, saying that he accidentally revealed Janet Jackson's breast instead of just her brassiere. The phrase "wardrobe malfunction" was in turn used by the media to refer to the incident and entered pop culture. There was a long history of such incidents before the term was coined and it has since become common.

Etymology
The American Dialect Society defines "wardrobe malfunction" as "an unanticipated exposure of bodily parts". Global Language Monitor, which tracks usage of words on the internet and in newspapers worldwide, identified the term as the top Hollywood, California, United States contribution to English (HollyWordie) in 2004, surpassing words like girlie men, Yo! and frass. The term was also one of the new entrants into the Chambers Dictionary in 2008, along with words like electrosmog, carbon footprint, credit crunch and social networking. The dictionary defines it as "the temporary failure of an item of clothing to do its job in covering a part of the body that it would be advisable to keep covered."

Origins
The term was first used on February 2, 2004, by singers Justin Timberlake and Janet Jackson in a statement attempting to explain the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, during which Jackson's right breast was exposed. Timberlake apologized for the incident, stating he was "sorry that anyone was offended by the wardrobe malfunction during the halftime performance of the Super Bowl..." The term wardrobe malfunction appeared in numerous stories in major US consumer and business publications, newspapers, and major TV and radio broadcasts. Journalist Eric Alterman described the incident as "the most famous 'wardrobe malfunction' since Lady Godiva."

Related terms
The American Dialect Society had a number of related terms for word of the year nominations in 2004, including Janet moment ("unplanned bodily exposure at a public function"), boobgate ("scandal over Janet Jackson's exposed breast"), nipplegate (like boobgate, "but used earlier in squawk over Jackson's possible nipple ring"), and wardrobe malfunction ("overexposure in a mammary way"). People came up with clever terms to describe an occurrence of accidental nudity, like nipple slip or nip slip. The term has been translated into other languages to describe similar incidents, including garderobedefect (Dutch), incident de garde-robe (French), disfunzione del guardaroba or incidente del guardaroba (Italian), and mal funcionamiento de vestuario (Spanish).

Instances
In April 1957, Italian actress Sophia Loren was being welcomed to Hollywood by Paramount Pictures at a dinner party at Romanoff's restaurant in Beverly Hills. American actress Jayne Mansfield arrived last and went directly to Loren's table. Mansfield had previously engineered several stunts exposing her breasts. On this evening, she was seated between Loren and her dinner companion Clifton Webb. Braless and wearing a deeply plunging neckline, Mansfield at one point stood and purposefully leaned over the table, further exposing her breasts and her left nipple. Photographer Delmar Watson pictured Loren staring at Mansfield's breasts, and Joe Shere also recorded the incident. Shere's picture received international attention, and was published worldwide.

After Brigitte Bardot gained international fame in 1953 as the Bikini girl of the French Riviera, paparazzi popularized revealing accidents or staged events with women's swimwear throughout the decade. For one of many instances, a cheesecake photo of rising starlet Daliah Lavi adjusting her bikini after it broke while at a Rio de Janeiro swimming pool was widely circulated by Associated Press in 1959.

On February 1, 2004, the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII was broadcast live from Houston, Texas, on the CBS television network in the United States. During the show, Justin Timberlake mistakenly removed a portion of Janet Jackson's costume, exposing for about half a second her breast adorned with a nipple shield. This was the first recorded usage of the term "wardrobe malfunction". The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was news worldwide. MTV's chief executive said that Jackson had planned the stunt and Timberlake was informed of it just moments before he took the stage. The stunt was broadcast live to a total audience of 143.6 million viewers.

In July 2012, when Australian model Miranda Kerr at one point leaned over to buckle her son into a car seat, she inadvertently revealed her thong to create a whale tail. The Huffington Post described this episode as a "wardrobe malfunction".

The Huffington Post was not the only outlet to describe such an incident as a wardrobe malfunction. In a November 2013 article describing a similar event where English model Abbey Clancy revealed a whale tail while lifting her daughter into a car, the Daily Mirror also described the event as a "wardrobe malfunction".

At the 2016 NFL draft combine, American football player Chris Jones ripped his compression shorts in the crotch during the 40-yard dash, and his genitals were seen live on television.

On August 16, 2023, during a livestream, American internet personality IShowSpeed jumped up from his seat while playing Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach, and accidentally flashed his penis to a live viewership of 25,000 people. He subsequently ended the livestream out of embarrassment. Viewers uploaded the clip onto social media, and the term "IShowMeat", in reference to the slang word meat, meaning penis, began trending on Reddit and X (Twitter).

title: Wardrobe malfunction


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Redwater River

The Redwater River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 110 mi (177 km), in eastern Montana in the United States.

It rises in on the northern slope of the Big Sheep Mountains, in northwestern Prairie County, and flows northeast across the plains past Brockway and Circle and joins the Missouri in northeastern McCone County, approximately 4 mi (6 km) south of Poplar.

Variant names
The Redwater River has also been known as: Red Water Creek, Red Water River, Redwater Creek, Two Thousand Mile Creek, Two-Thousand-Mile Creek

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Redwater River


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User:Marduk~enwiki

Have done the following articles:

The Gathering(the dutch band).

Kafka's novel The Castle.

More will come, if I feel like it.

title: User:Marduk~enwiki


text:
Talk:Baseball cap

Comments
The USN also wears that baseball hat (known there as simply a "ball cap") as part of the working uniform. Generally ball caps have the name, hull number (if a ship) and logo on them. Elde 00:31, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

"The baseball cap of the New York Yankees may be the most popular sports team cap and comes in many colors (including the classic navy blue) and varieties." -- any citation or anything for the "most popuplar" bit? And does it really matter that it comes in "many colors and varities"? So do, say, Red Sox caps. Acheron 01:03, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I doubt you'll find citations for that, but among caps being worn here (Dublin, Ireland), it would be the most popular, possibly followed by the Fred Durst style red NBA cap. --Kiand 09:07, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

"It became popular as the culture of sports increased in popularity, starting (naturally) with baseball". Why naturally ? Does the author suppose baseball is the greatest sport in any way ? I find this should be removed. Ukuk 19:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

it says "naturally" because its a BASEBALL cap you moron. baseball caps started, NATURALLY, with BASEBALL!

it says that the popularity of sports started with baseball, not the caps themselves. the naturally should be removed.

What is the historical relationship between baseball caps and polo/cricket and other sports caps? Modern history? Cricket players do wear baseball caps when playing (usually one-day matches). The traditional cap is pretty worthless as a sunsafe measure. It may work fine in England but in Africa, the sub-continent, the Carribean and the Antipodes; players have gravitated to the wide-brim sun hat and baseball cap. - Htra0497 16:57, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Caps in general are all pretty similar so the issue of a resemblence-relationship can be pretty messy (just leave it alone, the internet will quickly make it penile). Nevertheless, if you want to draw a big line, cricket was once popular in the US (it's true) prior to the advent of baseball - became popular due to professionalisation and was a simpler, shorter game which made it much better for working ppl to consume (English sporting cultures were very 'elitist' ie. preppy-like see history of professional cricket & rugby).

 * You know you instruct to leave well alone and then disregard your own advice. You also produce some dubious history.  You've clearly never heard of village cricket or know anything about the socially integrating history of rural cricket in Britain/England.  Cricket's decline in the U.S. is to do with the elitism (racism, actually) of American cricket clubs which were indeed 'preppy'.  The baseball cap is naturally related to the cricket cap, early baseball players played both games.  Are these guys wearing baseball caps or cricket caps?  1907 baseball team.  Is the standard baseball cap more suited to baseball as a game, or was it fashion and technology (the invention of latex) as the article suggests?  You know, the article description of the forerunner of the modern design: "the brim was much shorter", "the modern hat is more structured, versus the overall "floppy" cap of the 19th and early 20th centuries" basically describes a cricket cap.  As it is I'll leap over that for now and just cite the resemblance to a sun bonnet from the BBC article.  Hakluyt bean (talk) 00:56, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

Adjustors
Should it be mentioned that the adjustable style of baseball cap is a relatively recent innovation? (Probably within the last 30 years.) For more than a century before that, all baseball caps were size-specific. ... Also, even today, all professional baseball players wear size-specific caps. — Michael J 02:14, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

pictures
some of the pictures in the gallery are just people finding poor excuses to put pictures of themselves on wikipedia. some of them are really bad quality and should be removed. SoyseñorsnibblesDígame 15:54, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. Actually, I'll go so far as to say the gallery is superfluous and should be replaced with a link to the related category on Commons ( . →Wordbuilder (talk) 16:10, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Professional use
Police teams, I think they also have a role as an identifier for plain-clothes response teams in the UK, ie for one another and the public, as well as use as a sunshield, generally they display the word word 'police' or black and white check pattern. Branding is something the stiffened front of a baseball cap is ideally suited for. Hakluyt bean (talk) 01:17, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

Pictures
The 'Royal Navy' cap in the section 'Professional use' looks more like a cricket cap to me. The article might reflect a bit more the extent to which 'baseball cap' is a generic term for 'cap' in modern English. Hakluyt bean (talk) 00:02, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * There has been an introduction of the last few years of the baseball cap in the Royal Navy. They are very similar to those worn by the US Navy. --Nozzer71 (talk) 17:48, 25 January 2015 (UTC)

The 'Thomas the Tank Engine' cap is not a baseball cap either. It's a train driver's cap, with some resemblance to a nautical cap. I repeat my point about 'baseball cap' being adopted in the media/common parlance as a generic term. Hakluyt bean (talk) 22:24, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

Wearing the cap backwards
This article makes no mention of the habit among many owners, of wearing the cap backwards, with the visor bill at the back of the head. Is there any coverage of this topic elsewhere (if so, this article should point to it). If not, here are some starter questions:

 * Where and when did this practice begin?
 * What are the advantages/disadvantages of this practice?
 * Who adopted this practice, and what does it mean to them?
 * How do other groups react to this, and why?
 * Are there any trends or new developments regarding this practice?

The help of somebody who knows the answers to these questions would be appreciated. Reify-tech (talk) 00:54, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

 * When I was a kid (I'm currently 60.), I used to wear my ball cap backwards to keep the back of my neck from getting sunburned. I wouldn't be surprised if the current trend was started by skateboarders (as many teen clothing trends often are), and possibly for the same reason.TCav (talk) 21:35, 21 June 2014 (UTC)

Casual use
The baseball cap is a pat of casual wear around the world, and for many types of society, even in places where they don't know what baseball is. However, the whole article only mentions this in one sentence only. Can someone please expand it?--Omar35880 (talk) 02:41, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

Snapback
The article snapback (hat) was recently redirected here, with the reason stated being that it was the same topic. It seems to obviously not be — the baseball cap has a curved peak, while snapbacks' are flat. Should the article be recreated? Jjamesryan (talk | contribs) 22:25, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Weirdly in this article, there is no mention whatsoever of the importance of the baseball cap in hip hop fashion. The baseball cap is the number one hip hop icon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.61.243.128 (talk) 21:48, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

British Genders
This saved my day:

 * In Britain the baseball cap has the additional advantage of being unisex and suitable for wear by both male and female officers.

British editors might want to explain their country's peculiarities. :-) Werner Vogel (talk) 00:36, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

Mention how they used to only be for baseball but now have anything you can think of on the front
I have a cap with a logo of my favorite restaurant. I have a cap of the company logo where I work. I saw someone wearing a cap that shows an image of a cow on it and says “I’m vegan”. Donald Trump has a "Make America Great Again" cap. My kid has a Ghostbusters cap and his friend has a Pokémon cap. These aren’t just for baseball anymore. SaltySemanticSchmuck (talk) 19:39, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baseball cap


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Talk:Mid-American Conference

Realignment
Now that Marshall and UCF are heading to greener pastures in Conference USA, what will the new alignment of the two divisions will look like next year?

Bowling Green is shifting to the East Division. I would have preferred they move Eastern Michigan and Toledo to the East, and bump Miami of Ohio to the West. Also, with Temple joining now, I imagine they're going to want to find another member to get to 14 schools again, at least before 2007. Note: the league uses inconsistent terminology. The schools that are one-sport members are described as "affiliate" members, presumably because they are not all-sports members, but in the press release Temple is described as an "affiliate" member for the next two years while they're playing a partial schedule, and then they'll become a "full" football-only member. This is inconsistent and it is why I chose to describe them as having "associate" membership in the league for the next two years. --AppleFan84

You "chose"? It should go with the factual "affiliate" title for football, as that is what the May 2005 contract describes Temple's status as. I've cleaned up the divisional list, removing Marshall, and placing Bowling Green back East. IN any event, it really doesn't matter at Wiki what your "preferred" line-up would have been. Bowling Green was in the East when the MAC originally went to divisions. Although it's an East/West divisional alignment in nomenclature, there is also a North/South divide. The East schools are generally also more southerly... so Bowling Green is much more logically in the East than Toledo or Eastern Michigan... The divisions in MAC are the most cost-efficient from a travel POV... which is a fairly NPOV, the whole point of Wiki'ing things.... --Sturmde 18:29, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, I chose. I'm not privy to the contract that they signed, so for all I know the use of the word "affiliate" in the press release is due to an oversight by a volunteer intern in the PR department that nobody caught. I also don't think it is necessary to chastize me for offering my own opinion as to how the league ought to have aligned on a page explicitly designed for discussion that is not overburdened with talk about its parent article. As to the merits of your discussion of the East vs. West schools, I think that was truer when UCF and Marshall were both members, but now that they are gone it doesn't seem to me to be the case. Buffalo is the northernmost league school and they are in the East Division, at any rate. And, to me, it seems more cost-efficient for Toledo and Eastern Michigan to cut across Ontario to Buffalo than it does for them to travel out to Northern Illinois. It is not of that much concern since the league will almost certainly try to add another member by 2007, which could disrupt the alignment once again, although even if it is a school to the West I personally feel the league is better served with Miami in the West and shuffling around whatever marginal West school you want into the East to compensate for their departure. If the league adds a 14th school and it is in the East Division, they will have to bump one of the marginal East schools into the West anyways.

Logo Gallery
There's a big debate over using a school's logo as a gallery on conference articles Wikipedia_talk:Logos. If it turns out that the gallery can stay, then I think my change should be reverted. In it's current state without the gallery, I think the merge I made makes more sense. --X96lee15 13:30, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Rivalries?
Akron and Kent State have a huge rivalry. They play for the Wagon Wheel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.88.182.133 (talk) 02:06, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Seems this article needs a section about MAC rivalries. I have no idea which schools have rivalries with each other. And of course I mean rivialries beyond just being in the same conference/division. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.115.155.55 (talk) 18:31, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Enrollment
An anonymous IP changed the enrollment number for Kent State citing that "Every school on this page has their main campus enrollment." Do we know that for sure? Only 2 schools currently have citations and even the University of Akron's source makes no distinction whether its enrollment number includes its Wayne College regional campus and Medina County University Center or not (it lists them as campuses in the report but has no separate statistics), though it wouldn't make THAT much of a difference even if it does include them. And has there ever been any consensus to strictly use the enrollment of each school's main campus? For schools like Ohio University and Kent State, for instance, it would make for a significant difference as they have large regional systems with over 10,000 students each outside their respective main campuses. Not the biggest deal and I really don't care which way it goes, but I do want to make sure we're on the same page. --JonRidinger (talk) 18:09, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

"Conference of Quarterbacks"
There are now two third-party sources that refer to the MAC as the "Conference of Quarterbacks". The statement in the article is really not debatable since it simply states that the MAC "has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks...", which is most definitely true. It has been referred to as such, regardless of the opinions of any editors whether that's a proper nickname. Whether or not the MAC has produced more NFL quarterbacks than any other conference is irrelevant. The article is not trying to prove that the nickname is legitimate, nor does it need to. The statement does not claim that the MAC has produced the most NFL quarterbacks or even the most successful quarterbacks; it simply makes a statement that outside sources have referred to the MAC as such. --JonRidinger (talk) 04:57, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

Proposal to make timelines more consistent
I noticed that conferences in List of NCAA conferences have articles, usually including a membership timeline. While some of the decisions made for each conference make some sense, there is a wide variety of styles for the various timelines, particularly involving color choices, but also other matters of style that could be more consistent.

for example, a school with a yellow bar means:
 * An associate member in one sport (if part of the BE)
 * A former member of the conference (in the SEC)
 * A future member of the conference (in the SEC and Big West)
 * A football only member (in the Sun Belt)
 * A team that has moved to another conference (in the WAC, NEC)
 * A full member of the Big Sky

Some graphs have captions, some do not, and none are centered. To see the variety of styles, review Current conference timelines

I think it would be worth discussing how best to provide some measure of consistency, recognizing that there may be legitimate reasons for some differences from a standard presentation (for example, some conferences show the name of the new conference for former members. In some cases, this makes sense, in other, it may not.)

I've produced a draft of how the timelines would look with some consistency added. Please see Draft proposal of conference timelines.

I propose a discussion to see if there is consensus on improving the consistency.

Because it would not be practical to have this discussion on each and every conference talk page, I suggest centralizing this discussion at the Talk page of Project College football SPhilbrick  (Talk)  14:27, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

Chart
The new chart for football is great, but it is very misleading to have "all time conference titles" there. Because the article is about the "Mid-American Conference" simply saying "conference titles" most definitely implies this conference. There needs to be some kind of explanation, like a mark and footnote right underneath the chart for any school that has a total number that includes conference titles not in the MAC. Another option is having an "other conference titles" column and a "MAC titles" column or having MAC titles in parenthesis or something. --JonRidinger (talk) 02:57, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Good suggestions. I'm trying to improve the articles for all of the non-AQ conferences. My plan is to add another chart right below that one in the "MAC Champions" section to list all of the teams winning MAC football titles and the years that they won them. I'm thinking a simple footnote would be enough to clarify that those are all-time football titles in all conferences. Since the chart only lists the current teams in the conference and no former teams, I think it's best to keep the all-time titles as is in the chart to best represent the teams currently in the conference. -Treydavis3 (talk) 03:30, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

 * That's the thing, it doesn't represent the teams currently in the conference to list titles won in other conferences. The way it looks now, UMass has won 20 (their article lists 22) titles in the MAC because there is no qualifier for what "all-time conference titles" actually means, nor is there any indication that UMass has not even played a single game in the MAC yet.  I realize that info is elsewhere in the article, but charts like this should be able to stand on their own without having to cross reference other sections.  "All-time conference titles" still sounds like it's referring to the MAC (the article Big 12 Conference football, for instance, has a column for "Big 12 titles").  From a fan's perspective, though, I really don't care that UMass has won 22 titles in other (especially considering they were I-AA) conferences when I come to this article, since the subject of the article is the Mid-American Conference.  So UMass has a bunch of titles from the defunct Yankee Conference and Atlantic 10 football.  How does that help the reader understand the subject of the article (the MAC) better?  Be careful of WP:FANCRUFT or excessive detail.  Also be careful of too many charts.  This article is already full of charts, which is why separate list articles were created, like List of Mid-American Conference champions. --JonRidinger (talk) 05:20, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

Standardize facility sections
See the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject College baseball.

Discussion about overview maps for US collegiate athletic conferences
A discussion on the Project College Football talk page has been created to discuss the proper format of the overview maps that are used for the US collegiate athletic conference pages.

If you're interested, please join the discussion here: Athletic conference overview maps and their lack of consistency

College Basketball team navigation templates
Please join discussion at the College Basketball Wikiproject for forming a consensus on the creation of a basic navigation template for college basketball teams. CrazyPaco (talk) 09:04, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Changes reverted
I am reverting the changes made to the footnote regarding SIUE joining the MAC. Coming to light is not the same thing as causing.' Fbdave (talk) 03:57, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mid-American Conference


text:
Talk:Butters Stotch

Previous Picture on Wikipedia - Smiling Butters
Dear all, does anyone have a previous picture of Butters that was in this article, where he's smiling? In .png or similar format. Thank you for help! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cold starlight (talk • contribs) 21:45, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Age
reverted his age from 9 to 8. although the rest of the boys have turned 9, Butters is still 8 (mentioned as recently as the season 11 episode "Cartman Sucks" when he goes on his little rant at the end). He is slightly younger than the other boys and is probably stuck in "about to turn 9" limbo.

Well Stan is 10 now so I'm sure that means Butters is at least 9 now because their all within a year of age. --69.124.164.51 (talk) 23:12, 11 October 2012 (UTC) ---

I didn't watch the entire episode, but it appeared as though Butters lost an eye in the first episode of the 8th season. Is that correct? Tuf-Kat 00:33, Mar 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, yes, shurikens are tough on eyes, but that doesn't mean he won't have two eyes in the second episode. Kenny's still not all that dead.... (Did you miss Cartman's penis?) -- Nunh-huh 00:36, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't recall anything involving Cartman's penis. I will have to wait for a repeat... Stupid job... Tuf-Kat 01:45, Mar 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps that "he was blinded in his left eye by Kenny's shuriken" part should be deleted as he wasn't blinded after all?
 * He got hit in the eye, but in the end he gets it bandanged up and it eventually heals. As for Cartmans penis, he shows it after he walks on stage naked.  He does this because he belives he can turn invisible when he is in ninja mode so he takes off all his clothes and tries to sneak across a stage.  Halfway through they all see him and he realizes he isn't really invisible.  At the town meeting they all act as if it was just liek Janet Jacksons "Wardrobe Malfunction."
 * In Cartman Joins NAMBLA, a man who is with Butters tells the crowd that he found a an eight year old boy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dinidu,dealwis (talk • contribs) 08:05, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

page move
Is there any real reason to have this article at "Butters (South Park)"? I thought the convention was to have the article at the simplest title possible, and I don't see any reason to add "(South Park)" to this article's title, since this character is the only Butters. Personally, I think the article should be at "Butters Stotch", following the format of Eric Cartman and Stan Marsh... Lachatdelarue (talk) 01:55, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, articles should be at the simplest name, but butters should logically redirect to butter rather than being about a fictional character. -03:06, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Then let's put the article at Butters Stotch. Lachatdelarue (talk) 03:20, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * What about calling the article "Leopold 'Butters' Stoch"? That is his real name and it would mirror other pages where the nickname doesn't take over for the real name.Papercrab 07:07, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Underwear catalogue
would the sears catlogue in

However, in the episode Proper Condom Use, Butters doesn't know what STDs are (but neither do the rest of the boys, so this can be forgiven) and in Cartman Sucks, Butters seems to be oblivious to what it means to be bi-curious (though in Butters' Very Own Episode, it's implied that he knew after he spied on his father) and doesn't understand the sexual connotations behind underwear when his 'accountabilabuddy' get caught with a Sears men's underwear catalogue from 1979.

have any thing to do with ?

Butters and Asperger's syndrome
You may well consider me the biggest one on the bus for doing this, but the following link is to a thread I started on the Delphi Aspergers and Autistic Adults forum. Hope you find it interesting, because it has to do with whether or not Butters has Asperger's syndrome. JB82 03:22, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thats extremely interesting you recognized that, and after reading that article Butters does exhibit a few of the      symptoms, but also lacks a couple of really important characteristics to be diagnosed. Primarily he does not exhibit "Mind-blindness" and is not "rude" as it seems most people Aspergers seem to exhibit. He also does not seem clumsy, on the contrary he is one of the best tap dancers in the country, a skill that requires great motor skills. I am no expert though so I could be wrong.

He does exhibit the sort of logical thought process described and has obsessive repetitve habits like wring/kneeding his hands together.

 * The ugly thing about most societies is, people don't like people who are different. Therefore, children with asperger's syndrome would be more vulnerable to abuse, intentional and not, both from other children and even their parents.  Therefore, some children with aspergers will exhibit behaviours that might be a result of the condition itself (don't want to be touched because it's physically overwhelming, don't want to play with others because it's confusing), might be the result of abuse (don't want to be touched because it brings up bad memories, don't want to be close because of bad memories).  I don't think Butters have Aspergers, he doesn't seem to have any sensory problems (being overwhelmed by the inability to properly filter visual and audio information, physical simulation of any sort), I think, the behaviour Butters exhibit is solely the result of abuse, considering his parents who /sold him to PARIS HILTON/, and that uncle of his, and his classmates... [11:02pm, Aug 3rd, 2007]

I live with someone who has Asperger's, and Butters just doesn't exhibit enough qualities to classify. It's an interesting link and idea, but, no, Butters is not Asperger's in any clear, recognizable way.--74.235.63.68 (talk) 09:37, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Like any other societies, one or two of the children may be an AS type. Have a look at Cartman. He is a fat bully in the suit of a fat bully. So he is a fat bully in the suit of a thin person (the cross episode). I would opiniate that De Valera, Newton and King Charles XII of Sweden were fat bullies in the suit of thin people. However, Butters seems to have a more rigid accent, specially compared to his parents, AND all other kids have a rather non-discript form of US-English way to speak. Butters is that person who does nothing, then to become a workoholic (the Pimp episode). Butters is easily frightened. As for H C Andersen, he was frightened of being buried alive. Though a such fright was common back then, Andersen would be more at it. Say "global warming", and Butters will hide beneath the bed. Even so, I may be easily frightened of things, but I would like it if someone could kindly remind me of it. Is Butters more typical AS than say Cartman?--85.164.220.173 (talk) 22:47, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

The Parents
I don't think they're overprotective. They're strict, but they always blame him for everything when the chance arises. In the episode with the chinese wall around the city, they don't recognize him on first sight. It seems more like they use him to satisfy their sadistic urges.
 * South Park is full of lousy parents, but I really think the Stotches take the cake. How about the time they kept accusing him of making faces when he was just being normal?  The paragraph on them really needs to be expanded. -james_anatidae 03:05, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Same with the time he wasn't ranked ugliest in his class and his dad said "Looks like we won't have to ground him this time" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.136.17 (talk) 15:46, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

in the article it says the parents are "Chris and Lynda Stotch", but the link on the bottom links to stephen and linda as the parents. Kgs 08:02, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Their article says this: "Butters' father's name changes constantly between Stephen and Chris - in Die Hippie, Die, Linda addresses him as Stephen, while in Stupid Spoiled Whore Video Playset, she calls him Chris. Either one of them could be a middle name, though." Gdo01 08:06, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

In rhe episode with the new terrence and phillip trailer they cant go to butters' house because he has no babysitter

His Dad's name is 'Chris' not 'Stephan'. It even says so on the official South Park website. http://www.southparkstudios.com/fans/characters/140

"Also known as Chris Stotch or Butter's dad. He's known for his no nonsense approach to parenting." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.242.168.41 (talk) 22:56, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

Veronica Mars section and references
The very long section about Veronica Mars belongs in an article about that show. It is a minor mention at most for this article. -- Kjkolb 09:33, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

I moved the section into its own article and mentioned the character in the trivia section.

I removed the references because they were clones of Wikipedia, meaning they are copies of this article, though possibly out of date. -- Kjkolb 14:15, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Marjorine
The most recent Butter-centered episode is "Marjorine",in which Butters is dressed up as a girl and goes to a girls party to find out more about their forunte telling device. His suicide is faked, leaving his parents distraught. Thier psycotic side comes out yet again when they practice pagan rituals, and then proced to chain up their son on return and feed him a dead body.

Professor Chaos
I think Professor Chaos should redirect to the episode rather than to Butters. Borisblue 15:02, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

on the issue of PC the article currenty states that it is based upon Dr Doom. i personally think the style of the costume especially the helmet is more remanicent of the marvel supervillan Magneto. is there some original source that states the creater was inspired by Doom or should i go ahead and make note that magneto may also be a source of inspiration?--Dr noire 16:24, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Butters skills
I might be wrong, I'm not really addicted to South Park, but I think he goes to a Festival where he shows off his dance skills while singing "Loo, loo, loo" in the episode "Erection Day". This is not listed in the main page.

Surname?
In Episode 205, Conjoined Fetus Lady, during the intro dodgeball fight Stan calls for "Jordan and Swanson" to come forward, where an unknown kid and Butters come forward. Did Butters have a last name change before he was introduced as a main character? Jgamekeeper 05:18, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Basically, yes.

 * although this could be explained as either: A) the kid in that episode was NOT Butters; or B) Stan called for "Jordan and Swanson" to come forward, but Butters came forward instead.

 * That was essentially before Butters was developed as a real character. He was still a prop back then and the creators most l ikely just made up a name to stick on him. His last name has been Stotch since Butters' Very Own Episode (Thrawny 04:00, 12 April 2007 (UTC))

# 7 Episodes where Butters plays an important part
I think that its needless. Butters is a main character now, so pretty much all recent episodes are ones where he "plays an important part". A simple line indicating this, instead of a list is needed instead. -

which episode?
which episode does Butters tell Stan hes Prof. Chaos?
 * My Future Self n' Me --Sonic Mew 22:58, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Butters' Uncle
It says at that "Butters received annilingus from his uncle" at the bottom of the page. Is this really appropriate? I mean, I'm not doubting this happened (I saw that episode), but at the very least, shouldn't it be reworded? The statement itself implies that Butters, as a minor, wanted it.

What episode was this in? 72.227.133.155 (talk) 02:34, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

The Return Of Chef! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.210.135.116 (talk) 19:26, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Removing irrelevant / redundant links
I'll be removing some irrelevant or redundant links, one section at a time, over the next few days per the Style Manual on Links. Will do one section at a time to avoid reverting anyone by accident. --CliffC 15:23, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * All done; happily it took hours not days. --CliffC 16:45, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Is Butters a parody of Utah State Senator Chris Buttars?
Hmmm... just a thought...

http://senatesite.com/profile-buttars.php

 * The creators have said that Butters is based on Eric Stough. The senator is coincidence.(Thrawny 18:43, 20 May 2007 (UTC))

when did butters get the picture of john elway
what episode does he get it. 202.12.144.21 14:45, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * That was never shown in the series. The scene was either created just for "Butters Very Own Episode" or was edited out of a previous episode and later brought back. (Thrawny 18:43, 20 May 2007 (UTC))

Reference to the Death of Eric Cartman
I feel like Butters' rather horrible experience being anally probed for 14 hours in the episode "The Death of Eric Cartman" should be mentioned, if only in passing. Much of the first part of the article is about how bad things happen to him despire his good intentions and that seems to be the worst so far.Papercrab 07:09, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Removed Information from Wrong Header
I removed the following from "Art" and will move it to Prof. Chaos in a different context.

"In one episode, Butters developed an addiction to porn after accidentally viewing a porno movie thought to be the Lord of the Rings. This "darker" side to his wholesome character is hinted at in a few other episodes as well." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.233.22.234 (talk) 05:36, 13 February 2007 (UTC).

Popularity
"Butters places second only to Cartman as the most popular character on South Park" Where is that coming from? I doubt there's any real way to validate this statement so it should probably be removed. Tweeks Coffee 14:35, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

well obviously "Tweeks Coffee" you would prefer it otherwise, but it just ain't so! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.225.81.249 (talk) 16:55, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Sexuality
IN Cartman Sucks he said that he was bi curious

 * Clearly without understanding that word, though. He's deferring the priest, his father, and the counselors at the church camp, all authority figures who label him that way by mistake.

 * Butters clearly has no idea what "bi-curious" means. And when he is told he is confused because he is bi-curious, he is literally cofused "what the heck are they talking about". This was the entire gag behind the Butters plotline in this episode, the hes realyl straight but is convinced by others he is bi-curious and does not even know what that means. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Thrawny (talk • contribs) 16:55, 16 March 2007 (UTC).

In regard to Butter sexuality, shouldn't there be some kind of reference to his parents bet about it in "Stupid Spoiled Whore Video Playset"? Edit: Sorry i was of course thinking of their bet in "Raisins". Got them confused on account of his parents being shocked about him having a girlfriend in both.

Reference in first paragraph
In the first paragraph, the source for Butters' birthday is referenced to another Wikipedia article. I'm not entirely sure about the WP etiquette on this is, so I'm bringing it up here, but it seems very unlikely that it is within wikipedian guidelines to reference another wikipedia article as a source. It would make sense to me to ammend the sentence to read "His birthday is September 11, as revealed in episode "AWESOM-O." Leopold Stotch 20:59, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * An external reference is better, but you can cite WP. I believe it is somewhere in a beginner's guide or something.  Tealwisp (talk) 20:41, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems the birthday has been removed entirely; why... --82.171.70.54 (talk) 19:19, 25 September 2009 (UTC)
 * In an article where in-universe perspective needs to be kept at a bare minimum, what relevance does this one throwaway comment have? Including such info would also run the risk of having to include original research in order to explain any continuity issues. I've always believed that the show's creators decided this to be his birthday because of the date being fairly synonymous with tragedy these days, and did it as a way of saying that bad luck/tragedy tend to follow Butters no matter what; Butters can't catch a break...a day for celebrating his birth is more associated with a tragic event. But...that's original research. But if a source can be found that would verify that this was Matt and Trey's intention, I would be all for including the birthdate somewhere in the article. - SoSaysChappy (talk) 21:27, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

Images

 * May I just point out there seems to be plenty of images on this page.
 * I think we should remove the screenshots other than Butters having his picture taken in How to Eat with Your Butt, and just use the illustration of him in the lead. --98E 20:29, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'm gonna do it since no one responded, if any problems just revert it though. --98E 21:11, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
 * You should remove the images that have no use. There are three pictures with butters just standing there, but the pictures of him in marjorine and prof chaos should stay.

the fifth of four friends
well he is, and i dont think its coinsidental. he is in fact the spare wheel to the group of friends, as shown directly in several episodes. and he is a tolerated but unrespected, unbelonging character, an actual fifth wheel· Lygophile   has   spoken  11:57, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Butters is most likely Part German, not Part Belgian.
Perhaps the king of Belgium is indeed named Leopold (I don't know much about that country, other than that they speak a variant of French) but if you go onto babynames/parenthood.com, (I think that's what it's called), and enter the name "Leopold", along with the meaning and gender of the name, it will tell you its origins. The name originated in Germany.

I am no Vandalizer! That is Slanderous Trash-talk!!!
Who the hell dared to say that? I never once said that Leopold likes to take it in the butt! I never said anything at all about what his sexual interests are, if he has any yet! Don't you ever say that again, Sir James Paul, or you'll become Sir James "Paully-wolly-doodle-all-the-way-to-Hell!!!" The nerve of some people! Okay, maybe I got a little carried away with that outburst, but that was really offensive, what you said. Wilhelmina Will June 24th, 2007.

I'm sorry, I didn't realize that you had been simply reverting what the vandalizer had done, back to the way I had had it! When I read the part "Identified as vandalism to last revision by Wilhelmina Will" I presumed you meant that the vandalism to the last edition had been done by me! But after seeing similar summaries over a course of time, I finally realize that I was wrong. And no, you don't have to worry about becoming "Sir James Paully-wolly-doodle-all-the-way-to-Hell" anymore. Sorry. Wilhelmina Will July 18th, 2007.

Not the best article
I think this needs to be completely overhauled and streamlined. It's nothing but example, source, example, source all the way through with little introspective as to the nature of the character. It makes it a task just reading it. User:anonymous user August 13th, 2007.

It's a task to read any lengthy article! (Especially out loud; it makes one thirsty.) The whole point of creating an article is to make sure it's content gets as far extended as possible, while still following the Wikipedia guidelines. I personally see nothing different about this article. Wilhelmina Will 01:20, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup needed
Butters_Stotch needs a lot of work. It's indeed trivial: and people refuse to believe it (which ends up with the tag being removed). A section doesn't need to be named trivia, to be a trivia section. Anyway, the section is basically a detailed guide to many things Butters has done. Which are notable or not? Wikipedia isn't a guide to every little note, so the section needs some condensing at the least. RobJ1981 11:36, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

We'll all work on condensing it, I'm sure, but in regards to what you said about naming a section "Trivia", I have this to say: Oh yes it does!!! Wilhelmina Will 18:37, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Cleanup completed. My only request is that if you add something, make sure it flows well with the paragraph. Also only add major things that significantly impact the description of the character. (Thrawny 21:51, 30 September 2007 (UTC))

 * Why must you be such a deletionist? Do you realize how large that section of text was and how much information it had?  So what if the info was about specific instances?  Could you not rename the section as a "trivia" section"?  The info was completely competent.  --Wykypydya (talk) 22:29, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I didn't delete the trivia section, I actually tried to defend it. In hindsight, I think it might be for the best and we should try to incorporate some of the info from the trivia section into the main parts. Thrawny (talk) 04:18, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Uh...
"Butters has had two face-offs with the Yajuta from the Predator franchise and their will be a future episode with him face to face with it. (He will be killed off for a season, like Kenny McCormick. This is planned for Season 13 or 14."

Uh, no. (Not unless there's actually proof, that is.) Who wrote that? :/ 24.58.143.68 (talk) 02:52, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Dunno, but it sounds friggin' awesome. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.12.87.94 (talk) 02:58, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Character history
In "Marjorine", the group fakes his death by tossing a pig (from a butchers) wearing his clothes off a building. Then, they dress Butters as a girl and have him sneak into a sleepover under the name Marjorine in order to obtain the girls' future telling device (which is actually a folded paper cootie catcher).

Is this part really necessary? The rest of the section seems to describe his overall personality and character evolution, whereas this just points out the plot of a single episode - at the very most it reiterates a point that has already been made. I move to strike. Phoenix1304 (talk) 08:24, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Naivety
I would like to add the following:

 * Being one of the more naive boys, Butters exhibits some signs of sexism. this can be seen in the episode Lice Capades, when after Craig suggests that it could've been a girl who was infected with lice, he shouts "Yeah, dumb girls". Also, in the episode Breast Cancer Show Ever, Butters constantly wants Cartman to "kick Wendy's ass", though he may have been trying to encourage Cartman to fight Wendy so that Eric would get his ass kicked.

Also, at the end of the section "Character History", its mentioned that Butters fakes suicide in the episode "Marjorine". This really doesn't describe Butter's character development in South Park, and I think should be moved to his Personality, describing how easily he can be taken advantage of. --AznWarlord (talk) 02:37, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

To demonstrate sexism, you'll need to propose more cases. The "dumb girls" thing is pretty typical of any 8/9 year-old boy, and vice versa; Breast Cancer Show Ever was a time when kids would naturally take sides. In general, "sexism" is pretty normal for young children. Also, your edit misspelled "naivete." Tealwisp (talk) 06:25, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Isn't encouraging girls and boys to fight each other a sign of equality anyway?Yobmod (talk) 10:59, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

character development
I think the article can expand more on the development of the character. I remember in hooked on monkey fonics he was just portrayed as one of the schoolyard kids, taking part in picking on the home school kid and even claiming he would kic kyle's "bitch ass" and it all seemed perfectly natural. It was only later that the character took on this sort of naive, kind hearted, ignorant role. The character I think has changed drastically to fit the needs of the show, without any real explanation.

Where did the name "Butters" come from?
Is this explained in any episode? 98.224.64.222 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 08:16, 23 January 2009 (UTC).

I always thought it was a play on words, butters stotch, butterscotch?--98.211.168.99 (talk) 01:49, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

Image swap
MOS/fair use guidelines suggest a max of 2 screenshots per article; I replaced his "yearbook" image with a screenshot of the opening sequence still that can also be seen in the infobox of the "Butters' Very Own Episode" article. I see this as illustrating a more notable aspect of his character; the fact that he once had an entire episode dedicated to himself after his popularity had risen, versus the importance of what he looks like when he combs his hair. Also replaced the Professor Chaos image with one that's slightly better quality. As always...thoughts, gripes, suggestions, etc. please. - SoSaysChappy (talk) 20:46, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Butters died
Butters is dead. He died in the first half of season thirteen finale. He was sniped by combined U.S. and British snipers, why no mention???

Newchowder (talk) 17:55, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Nope, he clearly is still standing when the show switches to credits. "Do not hit the white ones!" was a direct order given by the officer in charge on the boat which all soldiers complied to. 82.113.121.144 (talk) 21:19, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Oh, o.k. It previously said on the Fatbeard page that he was shot as well. Sorry.

Newchowder (talk) 23:42, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Stupid topic. (JoeLoeb (talk) 19:24, 1 July 2009 (UTC))

I just saw the episode AWESOM-O (S8). There butters himself states that his birthday is september 11th. Could somebody check this out and maybe it could be added. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.30.111.73 (talk) 20:07, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

His 'sphincter' problem
In the episode "Awesome-O", Cartman pretends to be a robot and pretends to be a gift from Japan to Butters. He asks Butters if there are any secrets of his that he would like to share with him (sense robots do not make fun of or give away secrets, he says.)
 * spoilers*

And Butters tells him that he has a medical problem that makes it difficult to control his sphincter. Which means that not only does he need a certain pill applied anally every day, but he sometimes poops his pants and must wears diapers to school. This is what Butters says, anyway.

Later in the episode, Butters forces Cartman to give him that pill he was talking about, but other than that one scene, I've never seen any other instance where Butter's sphincter problem is even remotely hinted at. So I don't know how much of it is considered official cannon. Because if it IS, then I think it's major enough of a physical trait to mention it in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.142.166.20 (talk) 02:37, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Best South Park Character
surely there should be a huge section about being the best south park character. this should be clearly at the top of the page and form a huge part of this artcile as it is neither POV/speculation or just wrong its scientific fact. any child can proove this using a sun dial, a bunsen burner, h2o, some litmus paper and a copy of the national enquirer —Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.136.80.78 (talk) 17:14, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

"Breakout character?"
The opening paragraph claims Butters as the show's "breakout character", followed correctly so by a "citation needed". Can this opinion of Butters not be stricken? Over the duration of the show, Cartman would be seen as the breakout character (if anyone at all could be, that is; who would you consider the breakout character of say, The Simpsons?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oz Man Can (talk • contribs) 20:05, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

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In-universe style
In [March 2017] a template was added on top of the page saying that the article has to be rewritten because it "describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style". I have not compared the version back then with the present version, but after having read the Manual of Style section about this I think the statement is exaggerated: I think a template like this is not meant for marginal cases like this. Bever (talk) 15:50, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The lead says, "He is a student at South Park Elementary School", which could be considered 'in-universe style', but as the previous sentences already establish that he is a fictional character, voiced by some-one etc., I think is perfectly clear in this context. The same applies to "Butters is depicted as ..." followed by "As a result, he is often sheltered ... an the victim of abuse ...". It is not really useful to repeat the fictionality of a character in every sentence, is it?
 * The "Role in South Park" section has several sentences who could be deemed 'in-universe' but the reader is reminded about reality not only by the section's title but also by phrases like, "When the character of Kenny McCormick was temporarily written off the show", several references to Seasons which naturally are parts of a TV series and not of real life.
 * The "Personality and traits" section starts with two 'in-universe' sentences, but goes on with analyses by real-world reviewers.

title: Talk:Butters Stotch


text:
Poplar River

Poplar River may refer to:

 * Canada
 * Manitoba
 * Poplar River (Manitoba)
 * Poplar River First Nation, a First Nation community astride the river in Manitoba
 * Ontario
 * Kenora District
 * Poplar River (Atikameg River), part of the Kapiskau River system
 * Poplar River (Fawn River), in the Severn River system
 * Poplar River (Manitoba) (the upper reaches of which are in Ontario)
 * Poplar River (Nipissing District), in Nipissing District, part of the French River system
 * Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan), a tributary of the Missouri River in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States
 * United States
 * Poplar River (Lake Superior), Minnesota
 * Poplar River (Lost River), Minnesota
 * Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan), a tributary of the Missouri River in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States

title: Poplar River


text:
Opisthokont

The opisthokonts are a broad group of eukaryotes, including both the animal and fungus kingdoms. The opisthokonts, previously called the "Fungi/Metazoa group", are generally recognized as a clade. Opisthokonts together with Apusomonadida and Breviata comprise the larger clade Obazoa.

Flagella and other characteristics
A common characteristic of opisthokonts is that flagellate cells, such as the sperm of most animals and the spores of the chytrid fungi, propel themselves with a single posterior flagellum. It is this feature that gives the group its name. In contrast, flagellate cells in other eukaryote groups propel themselves with one or more anterior flagella. Flagellate cells however have been secondarily lost in some opisthokont groups, including most of the fungi.

Opisthokont characteristics include synthesis of extracellular chitin in exoskeleton, cyst/spore wall, or cell wall of filamentous growth and hyphae; the extracellular digestion of substrates with osmotrophic absorption of nutrients; and other cell biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. Genera at the base of each clade are amoeboid and phagotrophic.

History
The close relationship between animals and fungi was suggested by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1987, who used the informal name opisthokonta (the formal name has been used for the chytrids by Copeland in 1956), and was supported by later genetic studies.

Early phylogenies placed fungi near the plants and other groups that have mitochondria with flat cristae, but this character varies. More recently, it has been said that holozoa (animals) and holomycota (fungi) are much more closely related to each other than either is to plants, because opisthokonts have a triple fusion of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, dihydroorotase, and aspartate carbamoyltransferase that is not present in plants, and plants have a fusion of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase not present in the opisthokonts. Animals and fungi are also more closely related to amoebas than to plants, and plants are more closely related to the SAR supergroup of protists than to animals or fungi. Animals and fungi are both heterotrophs, unlike plants, and while fungi are sessile like plants, there are also sessile animals.

Cavalier-Smith and Stechmann argue that the uniciliate eukaryotes such as opisthokonts and Amoebozoa, collectively called unikonts, split off from the other biciliate eukaryotes, called bikonts, shortly after they evolved.

Taxonomy
Opisthokonts are divided into Holomycota or Nucletmycea (fungi and all organisms more closely related to fungi than to animals) and Holozoa (animals and all organisms more closely related to animals than to fungi); no opisthokonts basal to the Holomycota/Holozoa split have yet been identified. The Opisthokonts was largely resolved by Torriella et al. Holomycota and Holozoa are composed of the following groups.

 * Holomycota (Fungus-like)
 * Fungi
 * Includes:
 * chytrids (flagellated, zoosporic fungi)
 * Fonticula (more recent work considers this to be part of Cristidiscoidea, a sister group to the fungi)
 * Hyaloraphidium (previously thought to be a green alga, now considered a fungus)
 * microsporidia (previously thought to be apicomplexia)
 * Nucleariida (more recent work considers this to be part of Cristidiscoidea, a sister group to the fungi)
 * Excludes:
 * labyrinthulomycetes (slime nets) (now included in the SAR supergroup)
 * myxomycetes (now included in amoebozoans)
 * oomycetes (water molds) (now included in the SAR supergroup)
 * Rozellida (placement uncertain)
 * Holozoa (Animal-like)
 * Corallochytrium (formerly considered a Heterokont)
 * Filozoa
 * Animalia (including myxozoa)
 * Choanoflagellata (flagellates formerly included in protozoa)
 * Filasterea
 * Mesomycetozoea
 * Amoebidiales (formerly considered trichomycetes)
 * Dermocystida (formerly considered parasitic fungi or sporozoans)
 * Eccrinales (formerly considered fungi)
 * Ichthyophonida (formerly considered parasitic fungi incertae sedis)

Phylogeny
The following phylogenetic tree indicates the evolutionary relationships between the different opisthokont lineages, and the time divergence of the clades in millions of years ago (Mya).

title: Opisthokont


text:
Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan)

Poplar River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 167 mi long in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States. The river is composed of three main forks – West, Middle, and East Poplar Rivers – that have their source in the Wood Mountain Hills of the Missouri Coteau. Along the river's Middle Fork in Saskatchewan, there is a coal-fired power station. There are also dams built along the river's forks.

Along with the Milk River and Big Muddy Creek, it is one of three waterways in Canada that drain into the Gulf of Mexico.

Description
Poplar River and its main forks of West, Middle, and East Poplar Rivers begin in the Wood Mountain Hills in Saskatchewan. West Poplar River rises near Killdeer, Saskatchewan, and flows south-east, into north-eastern Montana, past Richland and across Daniels County. On the Saskatchewan side of the West Poplar River in the RM of Old Post No. 43, there is the West Poplar Dam (49.1906°N, -106.4415°W). It is 9.9 m high, was built in 1957, and is owned and operated by the Saskatchewan Water Security Agency. It impounds the 1196 dam3 Devils Lake reservoir. Poplar River (Middle fork) rises north-west of Rockglen, Saskatchewan, and flows south-east, into north-eastern Montana, and passes west of Scobey. The two forks unite in the northern part of Fort Peck Indian Reservation. The combined river flows south-east, then south-southwest, and joins the Missouri River near Poplar.

The East Poplar River begins south of Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan, and flows south out of the hills and meets the Poplar River in Montana, upstream from where the West Poplar River meets it. Along the course of the East Poplar River, on the Canadian side of the border, is Poplar River Power Station, which is a coal-fired station owned by SaskPower. Morrison Dam was built along the river in 1977 to provide cooling water for the station. Girard Creek, which originates at Fife Lake, and East Poplar River are the primary inflows for the Morrison Dam Reservoir.

Variant names
The Poplar River has also been known as: Lost Child Creek and Middle Fork Poplar River.

title: Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan)


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Stockard Channing

Stockard Channing (born Susan Antonia Williams Stockard; February 13, 1944) is an American actress. She played Betty Rizzo in the film Grease (1978) and First Lady Abbey Bartlet in the NBC television series The West Wing (1999–2006). She also originated the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of Six Degrees of Separation; the 1993 film version earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. She was also one of two comic foils of The Number Painter on Sesame Street.

Channing won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of A Day in the Death of Joe Egg, and won Emmy Awards for The West Wing and The Matthew Shepard Story, both in 2002. She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 for her role in Jack. Her film appearances include The Fortune (1975), The Big Bus (1976), The Cheap Detective (1978), Heartburn (1986), To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), Up Close & Personal (1996), Practical Magic (1998), and Woody Allen's Anything Else (2003). She also played the recurring role of Veronica Loy on the CBS drama The Good Wife (2012–16).

Early life and education
Channing was born in Manhattan, and she grew up on the affluent Upper East Side. She was the daughter of Mary Alice (née English), who came from a large Brooklyn Irish Roman Catholic family, and Lester Napier Stockard (died 1960), who was in the shipping business. Her elder sister is Lesly Stockard Smith, former mayor of Palm Beach, Florida.

Channing is an alumna of the Madeira School in McLean, Virginia, a boarding school for girls, which she attended after starting at the Chapin School in New York City. She studied history and literature at Radcliffe College of Harvard University in Massachusetts and graduated summa cum laude in 1965. She received her acting training at HB Studio in New York City.

Early career
Channing started her acting career with the experimental Theatre Company of Boston; she performed in the group's Off-Broadway 1969 production of the Elaine May play Adaptation/Next. She performed in a revival of Arsenic and Old Lace directed by Theodore Mann as part of the Circle in the Square at Ford's Theatre program in 1970. In 1971, she made her Broadway debut in Two Gentlemen of Verona — The Musical, working with playwright John Guare. She also appeared on Broadway in 1973 in a supporting role in No Hard Feelings at the Martin Beck Theatre.

Channing made her television debut on Sesame Street in the role of The Number Painter's female victim. She landed her first leading role in the 1973 television movie The Girl Most Likely To..., a black comedy written by Joan Rivers about an ugly duckling woman, made newly beautiful by plastic surgery after an auto accident, who vows murderous revenge on all who had scorned her. For the role, Channing went through a considerable transformation, with the syndicated column "TV Scout" reporting months later, "It was a great make-up job — at least the part that made very pretty Stockard look so ugly. She had her cheeks puffed out with cotton and her nose was wadded, too, to make it thick and off-center. Very thick eyebrows were drawn on her face and she wore padded clothes to make her look fat. Making her look beautiful was easy."

After some small parts in feature films, Channing co-starred with Warren Beatty and Jack Nicholson in Mike Nichols' The Fortune (1975). Despite Channing being tagged "the next big thing" in cinema, and the actress herself considering this some of the best work of her career, the movie did poorly at the box office and did not prove to be the breakthrough role Channing hoped it would be. On May 22, 1977, she, along with Ned Beatty, starred in the pilot for the short-lived TV series Lucan. Lucan, played by Kevin Brophy, is a 20-year-old who has spent the first 10 years of his life running wild in the forest. After being raised by wolves, Lucan strikes out on his own in search of his identity.

In 1977, at the age of 33, Channing was cast for the role of high school teenager Betty Rizzo in the hit musical Grease. The film was released in 1978 and her performance earned her the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Supporting Actress.

In addition, during the second half of the 1970s, Channing played a mischievous car thief in Jerry Schatzberg's 1976 dramedy Sweet Revenge (which competed at the Cannes Film Festival), Joseph Bologna's love interest in the disaster film spoof The Big Bus (also 1976), Peter Falk's secretary in the 1978 Neil Simon film The Cheap Detective, and real-life deaf stuntwoman and former female land speed record holder Kitty O'Neil in the TV movie Silent Victory: The Kitty O'Neil Story (1979).

1980s
Channing starred in two short-lived sitcoms on CBS in 1979 and 1980: Stockard Channing in Just Friends and The Stockard Channing Show. In both shows, she co-starred with actress Sydney Goldsmith, who played her best friend in both. When her Hollywood career faltered after these failures, Channing returned to her theatre roots. Nevertheless, she continued to appear in movies, often in supporting roles, including 1983's Without a Trace (alongside Kate Nelligan and Judd Hirsch), Mike Nichols' 1986 Heartburn (re-teaming with Nichols and Jack Nicholson, and co-starring Meryl Streep), The Men's Club (also 1986; featuring Roy Scheider, Harvey Keitel, and Jennifer Jason Leigh), A Time of Destiny (1988; with William Hurt, Timothy Hutton, and Melissa Leo), and Staying Together (1989; directed by Lee Grant, and co-starring Melinda Dillon and Levon Helm.)

Channing played the female lead in the Broadway show, They're Playing Our Song (1980–81). Channing then took the part of the mother (Sheila) in the 1981 Long Wharf Theater (New Haven) production of Peter Nichols' A Day in the Death of Joe Egg. She reprised the role in the Roundabout Theater Company production, first Off-Broadway in January 1985 and then on Broadway in March 1985, and won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.

Channing continued her return to the stage by teaming up again with playwright John Guare. She received Tony Award nominations for her performances in his plays, The House of Blue Leaves (1986) and Six Degrees of Separation (1990), for which she also won an Obie Award. The Alan Ayckbourn play Woman in Mind received its American premiere Off-Broadway in February 1988 at the Manhattan Theatre Club. The production was directed by Lynne Meadow and the cast included Channing in the role of Susan, for which she won a Drama Desk Award for Best Actress. When once asked if Susan was Channing's most fully realized character, the actress replied: "Well, you like to think that they're all fully realized because what you're doing is different from what anyone else is seeing. You do a character but how much of it is on film, or how much of it is seen by an audience, is really up to the director, the piece, or the audience. And so, I just do these people. And flesh them out. I think anything else is not my job."

Channing made her London theatre debut in 1992 at the Royal Court Theatre in John Guare's Six Degrees of Separation, which then transferred for a season at the Comedy Theatre in the West End. In 2017 she returned to London to appear in Apologia at the Trafalgar Studios and again in 2021 in Night Mother at the Hampstead Theatre.

She also garnered recognition for her work in television during this time. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for the CBS miniseries Echoes in the Darkness (1987) and won a CableACE Award for the Harvey Fierstein-scripted Tidy Endings (HBO, 1988). Other TV movie credits during the latter half of the 1980s include the CBS teenage drug abuse-themed Not My Kid (1985; co-starring George Segal), Hallmark's domestic drama The Room Upstairs (1987; with Sam Waterston, Joan Allen, and Sarah Jessica Parker), and the HBO thriller Perfect Witness (1989; alongside Brian Dennehy and Aidan Quinn.)

1990s
Channing reprised her lead role as an Upper East Side matron in the film version of Six Degrees of Separation. She was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her performance. She then made several films in quick succession: To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar as Carol Ann and Smoke (both 1995); a cameo appearance in The First Wives Club; Up Close and Personal (as Marcia McGrath); and Moll Flanders (all 1996). For Smoke she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress and for Moll Flanders she was nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress, Drama.

Channing kept busy with film, television, and stage roles throughout the late 1990s. She starred in the USA Network film An Unexpected Family in 1996 and its sequel, An Unexpected Life, in 1998. She was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award as Best Supporting Female for her performance as one-half of an infertile couple in The Baby Dance (also 1998). On stage, she performed at Lincoln Center in Tom Stoppard's Hapgood (1995) and the 1997 revival of Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. During this period, Channing voiced Barbara Gordon in the animated series, Batman Beyond.

Channing was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress three times in the 1990s: in 1991, for Six Degrees of Separation; in 1992, for Four Baboons Adoring the Sun; and in 1999, for The Lion in Winter.

The West Wing
In 1999, Channing took on the role of First Lady Abbey Bartlet in the NBC television series The West Wing. She was a recurring guest star for the show's first two seasons; she became a regular cast member in 2001. In the seventh and final season of The West Wing (2005–2006), Channing appeared in only four episodes (including the series finale) because she was co-starring (with Henry Winkler) in the CBS sitcom Out of Practice at the same time. Out of Practice was cancelled by CBS after one season.

Later work
Channing received several awards in 2002. She won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her work on The West Wing. That same year, she also won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress in a Television Movie or Miniseries for her portrayal of Judy Shepard in The Matthew Shepard Story, a docudrama about Matthew Shepard's life and murder.

Channing received the 2002 London Film Critics Circle Award (ALFS) for Best Actress of the Year for her role in the film The Business of Strangers. For The Business of Strangers, she was also nominated for the American Film Institute Best Actress award. In 2003, she was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award.

In 2005, Channing won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children/Youth/Family Special for Jack (2004), a Showtime TV movie about a young man struggling to understand why his father left the family for another man. Channing played Jack's mother.

She was selected for the second narrator of the Animal Planet hit series Meerkat Manor in 2008, replacing Sean Astin, who did the first three seasons. In November 2008, she returned to Broadway as Vera Simpson in the musical Pal Joey and was nominated for the 2009 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.

In 2005, Channing starred in Out of Practice with Henry Winkler, receiving an Emmy nomination for her role. She played the role of Lydia Barnes, ex-wife of Stewart Barnes (Winkler), and had two sons and a lesbian daughter (Christopher Gorham, Paula Marshall, Ty Burrell). The show aired for one season (22 episodes).

From 2012, Channing played a recurring role in The Good Wife. She played the role of the title character's mother, Veronica Loy until the final season in 2016.

She returned to the stage in June 2010, to Dublin's Gaiety Theatre to play Lady Bracknell in Rough Magic Theatre Company's production of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest. Channing appeared in the play Other Desert Cities Off-Broadway at Lincoln Center and then on Broadway, as of October 2011. Channing was nominated for the Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Actress in a Play, and the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for Other Desert Cities. In 2018, she played the lead in Apologia, which had a limited run in London, and then moved to the Roundabout Theatre Co. in NYC.

Channing also narrated the audiobook, “Frankie & Bug”, written by Gayle Forman, released in 2021

In May 2023, Channing appeared in ITV’s three part series “MaryLand” alongside Suranne Jones and Eve Best, playing a character named Cathy.

Personal life
Channing has been married and divorced four times; she has no children. She married Walter Channing Jr. in 1963 and kept the amalgamated name "Stockard Channing" after they divorced in 1967. Her second husband was Paul Schmidt, a professor of Slavic languages (1970–76), and her third was writer-producer David Debin (1976–80). Her fourth husband was businessman David Rawle (1980–88). Channing was in a long term relationship with cinematographer Daniel Gillham from 1990 until his death in 2014. They met on the set of A Time of Destiny.

In 2019, Channing was residing in London.

Discography

 * 1978: Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture (RSO) "Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee" featuring Didi Conn, Dinah Manoff and Jamie Donnelly "There Are Worse Things I Could Do"

title: Stockard Channing