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Talk:Leigham

Untitled
My text from my site at http://www.manorpark.plus.com

 * Have wikified the text (made it more into the style preferred at wikipedia). If there is anything I've missed out from your information, feel free to add it, but please don't copy and paste large swathes of information, and don't sign the article. -- Graham  :) | Talk 17:26, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Plymouth
He Gone missing bobbi 2A00:23C5:4F0C:5100:9D3B:CF8E:B6F0:FF (talk) 14:36, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leigham


text:
Talk:Life in the United Kingdom test

Answers
Anyone fancy publishing the answers? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 212.85.13.68 (talk • contribs) 16:58, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not really going to help, since this scam of a test consists primarily of irrelevant numerical questions. All the numbers come up in the official study guide. It's a matter of remembering them: no separate list of answers is going to be any better. By the way, the test has absolutely nothing to do with "becoming British", and would be failed by almost any native British citizen who didn't study the book. --82.6.105.198 (talk) 15:44, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Wrong Answers
The Guardian article only lists questions, not answers, and the Wikipedians who took it upon themselves to answer them need to be a little more careful.
 * When was Britain last invaded?

This depends on one's definition of both "Britain" and "invasion". For instance, while the Glorious Revolution is frequently called a "Bloodless Revolution", it nevertheless saw some actual fighting between William and Mary's Dutch-raised army and "British" forces. The Raid on the Medway might also very well be defined as an "invasion". 1216? Prince Louis took Winchester, was crowned and controlled almost half of England at one point. That seems fairly invasion-like to me. If they mean 'successfully' invaded, then I'd stick with 1688. —Preceding unsigned comment added by CharlieRCD (talk • contribs) 10:59, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

The Channel Islands? Or do they mean mainland Britain? Ddawkins73 (talk) 19:07, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Oh, succesfully invaded, mainland Britain - that's easy: Australia invaded. Main HQ is West London. They control all the beer and you have to pay them for it now. Ddawkins73 (talk) 19:10, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Huge Wave of support
"Fact: Mary defeated Lady Jane Grey's bid to usurp the throne with a huge wave of English support" that seems a somewhat simplistic take on it and I do not believe "huge wave" is a particularily encyclopediac term, there were many who supported Jane and some would even disagree that she sought to usurp the throne (although as I understand that is a minority opinion) either way I feel that something to the effect of Mary having not had Spanish aid in gaining the throne would be better than the current version. Jamhaw (talk) 20:47, 26 October 2009 (UTC)jamhaw

Update template
Just to say that I placed the update template on this article because at the moment it makes no reference to the new, current third edition of the handbook and test. It'd be good if someone with knowledge of this subject could help by adding such information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lordrosemount (talk • contribs) 13:55, 5 July 2013
 * Given that a third edition is now mentioned, I've removed this template. --McGeddon (talk) 19:56, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Life in the United Kingdom test


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Talk:The Path to the Nest of Spiders

Untitled
This does not appear to be a candidate for speedy deletion. If you think this sould be deleted, add it to Votes for deletion - Texture 23:26, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Removed from speedy deletions and moved to current location: previous title was wrong. Wikified and  tag added, this article is now a good start. -- Graham  :) 00:47, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Path to the Nest of Spiders


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User:Ptk~enwiki

Hi!

My homepage.

title: User:Ptk~enwiki


text:
User talk:Phreaki

I really wish to contribute to this global repository of information. More important to me is the missing information that I wish to present in a neutrol point of view. There is just too much not here, for whatever reason.

Hello Phreaki and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date
 * Ask questions on Village pump
 * Write about yourself on User:Phreaki rather than on the talk page.
 * Have fun.

-- Tim Starling 00:33, Mar 18, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Phreaki


text:
Talk:Cryonics

Remove Citation #5 (2024-01-29)
I read "The Skeptics Dictionary" and cryonics is not found anywhere in the book. Subsequently, I confirmed via search on the Kindle format there is zero reference to Cryonics. Citation #5, said book, needs to be removed from this article. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 19:20, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Errrrrrm. Bon courage (talk) 19:25, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * You were likely reading a different edition than the one cited. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 19:30, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * No, same ISBN. I ordered both the physical book and the Kindle just to make sure. The citation (#5) needs to be removed. I'm new to this, not sure on procedure. How to handle? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 19:38, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * You were reading the 2003 print edition? Because that's the one that was cited. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 20:13, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * And if not, we can just correct the ref since this is something Carroll has written about. Bon courage (talk) 20:40, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, the '03 print. 70.171.228.224 (talk) 20:41, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, the '03 print.
 * I have it sitting next to me on the table, and there's no reference to cryonics. I literally bought both the print and Kindle copies specifically to read the citation. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 20:50, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Alright, then it sounds like we need to correct the cite, if Bon courage has another source for the statement. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 21:12, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the rapid response/investigation.
 * Since I'm new to this, can you set my expectations on how long the correction may take? Is it usually a days or weeks long process? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:05, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Not really any rush, since this isn't a critically harmful issue. Bon courage indicated there's likely an alternative source, but it's a volunteer project, so hopefully we'll have that fixed in the next few days or so. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 23:54, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Few days, cool. A week, fine. Thanks for updating. (removal or new citation). I'll watch the process. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:57, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Bon Courage has updated the reference accordingly as of this morning. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 18:46, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much.
 * I've read the updated reference. Another change is warranted to the citation.
 * "Cryonics" itself is not a business by definition, and the quote in the citation states, "A business based on little more than hope for developments that can be imagined by science is quackery. There is little reason to believe that the promises of cryonics will ever be fulfilled."
 * Sure, there are organizations in the "business of cryonics", but this article is not about business, and therefore, the quote is inappropriate.
 * I propose quoting Carroll's opinion based on the technology, which is more applicable to this article that an opinion on business. Quote follows, second paragraph:
 * "The technology exists to freeze or preserve people and that technology is improving and will probably get better." Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 18:59, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Cryonics only exists as a business, selling you the idea that you'll be thawed out and healed in the future. No one is freezing these bodies for free. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 19:00, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * With respect, that is a strawman.
 * Medicine exists as a business. Delivery services exists as a business. Even Wikipedia exists as a business, and the list goes on.
 * This article is not about business.
 * So, a 10+ year old quote from Carroll, who is a philosopher, narrowly focuses on business? How does that make sense?
 * If the editors feel the need to cite a philosophy PhD, then shouldn't the quote/opinion/citation focus on their specialty rather than a cherry-picked quote outside of their domain? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 21:37, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The quote is a representative sample of the source in question, which is in turn accurately summarized by our article. That's really all that matters for the purposes of Wikipedia. That you personally disagree with the source about whether or not Cryonics is a business isn't particularly relevant. MrOllie (talk) 21:43, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The sealioning here is evident. You stripped all the nuance out of my comment, reduced it to absurd degrees, then declared it a strawman.
 * My point was that the business of cryonics is to sell a lie. They cannot do what they promise, they're just fleecing people for money.
 * And now you're back on the "10+ year" bit, as if that's some damning bit of logic. It only exposes that you're not arguing in good faith, and I'm done interacting with you. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 23:20, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * "My point was that the business of cryonics is to sell a lie. They cannot do what they promise, they're just fleecing people for money." Cryonics providers do what they promise: they cryopreserve people. Most of the cryonics providers are non-profit, and Cryonics Germany does it for free. Dogah (talk) 00:32, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * They're not freezing people for the hell of it.
 * They're offering an unproven service that is almost entirely faith-based.
 * Not only do you have to have faith that some future peoples will invent the second half of the process, you have to have faith that the first half is even being done correctly, because it can't be validated until the whole process is tested from start to finish.
 * That is not science, but it's being presented as science. It is pseudo-science. ApLundell (talk) 19:24, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter if cryostasis revival is unproven, as long as it's not disproven. If you are buried or cremated, you will stay dead forever. If you want to stay alive, the most logical way is to be cryopreserved, because cryonics might give you a chance to continue living.
 * Not only future peoples will try to solve the revival problem. To prevent further injury from happening, many cryonicists are developing better preservation practices or rewarming practices right now. Dogah (talk) 21:47, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Again, By that standard we can't say with 100% certainty that we won't be able to revive a person without bothering to freeze them, say from a bone or hair sample. This isn't a convincing argument because relying on future uncertainty like this is an inherently unfalsifiable claim, which is the main hallmark of a pseudoscience. MrOllie (talk) 23:13, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Chopping the quote off there would be misrepresenting the source, which goes on to say that This seems like wishful thinking and without a complete isomorphic model of the brain it will be impossible to return a mushy brain to the exact state it was in before death occurred. MrOllie (talk) 19:32, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

This page is sorely out dated
Much of the reference to cyonics to being a pseudoscience are near 20 years old. Cyronics of organs for transplant is a fruitful area in 2023. Many similar studies refute the idea that cryonics is pseudoscience. Only that current technology and sciences are insufficient to achieve its goals and states clearly that future development of related sciences is essential. Under no circumstances does it rely on ideas outside of mainstream sciences. 2603:9000:9601:A809:9C55:84:E179:C6DF (talk) 20:38, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I think you're confusing this with cryopreservation. Cryonics is the idea corpses can be resurrected. And yeah, it's bollocks per multiple sources. Bon courage (talk) 20:51, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Is breaking thread a violation?
 * Where can I find the rules?
 * Any update on my ticket (cit #5)? Thank you for volunteering your time. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 00:02, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The major Cryonics organizations (Alcor, Cryonics Institute, TomorrowBio) do not guarantee that revival will ever be possible. They only aim to cryopreserve with the current best methods possible with the *hope* that future technologies will be able to achieve that goal. Claiming that it’s “bollocks” is claiming that you can see the future and can say with 100% certainty that such technology could never exist. Which is obviously not possible for you or any other source to disprove. Kurtjames212 (talk) 02:21, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * By that standard we can't say with 100% certainty that we won't be able to revive a person without bothering to freeze them, say from a bone or hair sample. This isn't a convincing argument because relying on future uncertainty like this is an inherently unfalsifiable claim, which is the main hallmark of a pseudoscience. MrOllie (talk) 02:24, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Fair, i’m not here to make an unfalsifiable claim because I’m not making any claim actually, nobody knows if it will ever work. It’s just a procedure with no guaranteed outcome and none of the organizations are arguing future technologies will definitely revive a person. They’re just attempting to cryopreserve the body with the best methods available at the moment to try to attain a better likelihood of that. A true unfalsifiable claim would be “future technology will definitely be able to bring people back, prove me wrong” and to further quote a recent argument against the pseudoscience claim for you “ Cryonics does not reflect the criteria for pseudoscience. It does not claim to be a science but to be a medical practice informed by various sciences. It is based on empirical evidence, it uses scientific method, its research is in the context of standard science, it does not rely on anecdotal evidence, it changes with new evidence, it does not make vague or unverifiable claims, it does not appeal to authority or tradition, and it does make progress. Claims of pseudoscience are biased emotional expressions of an editor’s personal view.” Kurtjames212 (talk) 02:53, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It does not claim to be a science ... it uses scientific method, That's trying to have it both ways. Claims of pseudoscience are not the personal views of editors, but those of the cited reliable sources. MrOllie (talk) 03:24, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Using the scientific method doesn’t mean you’re calling something science, the scientific method is simply the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. Anyway obviously critics calling it pseudoscience exist but clearly so does the opposite so a less biased representation for the purposes of Wikipedia could be something along the lines of “ Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community. Critics have referred to it as pseudoscience, or quackery, while it’s supporters have argued that nothing about the idea of repairing damage from cryopreservation contravenes established science” Kurtjames212 (talk) 04:08, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Using the scientific method doesn’t mean you’re calling something science Saying that you're using the scientific method when you're not really a science is exactly what a pseudoscience is. And no, Wikipedia specifically does not engage in WP:FALSEBALANCE. When most independent sources are critical so too will be the Wikipedia article. MrOllie (talk) 04:13, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Except its not false balance. Most sentiment towards Cryonics is positive. In the largest ever study regarding Cryonics 44% of the 1,478 respondents said “there’s a good chance cryopreservation will work” I’m not making that claim myself, I’m suggesting that the balance of people that view it as “quackery” is far less black and white than you’re suggesting.
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7790260/ Kurtjames212 (talk) 05:08, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * We're interested in mainstream knowledge, not popular misconception. In the USA, don't more people believe in alien visitors than evolution? Bon courage (talk) 07:14, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Ok if that’s how you perceive it but it certainly shows there is not “false balance” when more people have favorable views on the subject matter than negative ones. Kurtjames212 (talk) 13:11, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is only interested in mainstream knowledge, so the maybe ignorant view of supposed "people" simply don't count. Bon courage (talk) 13:16, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * We weight things in proportion to how they are depicted in the best available sources (like peer-reviewed medical journals), not the opinions of random folks on the internet. 1/3 of the population believes in Astrology, but our article correctly states that it is a pseudoscience. MrOllie (talk) 13:33, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * do not guarantee that revival will ever be possible ← Current Alcor front-page: "Preserving Life - Cryonics is the practice of preserving life by pausing the dying process". No wonder our sources call this quackery. Bon courage (talk) 05:06, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

Admins: Call to replace editors.
I need help from Admins with authority to change editors entrusted with this article. I looked back through the records and, on 2019-June-24, editor David Gerard fabricated false information with current citation #5. This could only have been an deliberate act, and per Wikipedia self-governance, is a gross violation that should carry severe consequences. Further, editor Bon courage expressed personal bias with a "bullocks" response on 2024-Jan-31 when someone else simply pointed out the page is sorely outdated. The other user is correct, this article is sorely outdated and the data has been willfully falsified. It needs a detailed review and rewrite, and there's a global community willing, able, and well informed, many of which will volunteer to collaborate on this article. What's the process to entrust this article with new, neutral editors? Entered into the permanent record this 1st day of February, 2024. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 17:47, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Quoted by tgeorgescu (talk) 17:51, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how you came to the conclusion this is about advertising.
 * It is not a matter of advertising. It is a matter of fact. Information was deliberately falsified.
 * This is not a matter of advertising. This is a matter of fact. The information falsified, deliberately.
 * The Wikipedia community must self-govern, address gross violations, and find editors that will present truth.
 * Back to my original, unanswered question.
 * What's the process to entrust this article with new, neutral editors? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 18:00, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * There isn't one. This is a volunteer project, you don't get to just eject editors because you're mad at them. Plus, dragging out a five-year-old edit in order to accuse an editor of "fabricated false information" is just ridiculous. Calling the page willfully falsified is a WP:NPA personal attack. Dial it down. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 18:03, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * No personal attacks intended. I stated facts.
 * Fact: Information was falsified.
 * Fact: The information which was falsified could only have been done so willfully. My pointing this out is not intended to be a personal attack, it's an attack on the behavior of falsifying data, which I assume is a severe violation that demands some resolution.
 * Fact: As resolution, I asked for Admin support with finding editors who will write/maintain the article from a neutral point of view. I should reasonably assume the Wikipedia community supports truthful and neutral editors.
 * Thank you for responding quickly and professionally. If there are no Admins then, when violations occur, how do existing editors get replaced with truthful and neutral editors? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 18:28, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The Skeptics Dictionary has an online edition and an (old) print edition. The content was in the online edition and the cite was to the print edition. This is at worst a minor clerical error, not deliberately falsified information.
 * You have fundamentally misunderstood how Wikipedia works here. Admins have no special authority over article content, they do not select editors to write and maintain articles. In fact there is no list of editors who have responsibility for any particular article - they are maintained by whomever happens to show up. There is a class of users called 'Admins', they are responsible for blocking vandals, deleting spam articles, and so on. They are more akin to custodians than kings of the wiki. MrOllie (talk) 18:33, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The information which was falsified could only have been done so willfully
 * And that's repeating the personal attack. Continue that, and I'll seek to have you blocked on those grounds.
 * how do existing editors get replaced with truthful and neutral editors?
 * First, see WP:TRUTH. Second, you don't "replace" editors. Either they got blocked for reasons like making personal attacks, or else you just calmly discuss changes and get WP:CONSENSUS. If you fail to gain consensus for your changes, you let it go and move on. That's it. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 18:42, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Ironically the user you are (stupidly) accusing of a 'gross violation' is, who is ... an admin. Bon courage (talk) 06:31, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * If you would like to make changes to this article, you can, you just need the reliable secondary sources to cite. Unfortunately this is a volunteer project and one can’t simply “replace” editors as there are no assigned editors; if you have a compelling source, it won’t be edited away. OverzealousAutocorrect (talk) 16:38, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * If you would like to make changes to this article, you can, you just need the reliable secondary sources to cite. Unfortunately this is a volunteer project and one can’t simply “replace” editors as there are no assigned editors; if you have a compelling source, it won’t be edited away. OverzealousAutocorrect (talk) 16:38, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

Elon Musk - Citation & article reformatting
The opening paragraph of this Article states, "Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community. It is generally viewed as a pseudoscience, and its practice has been characterized as quackery."

The citations are from 2002, 1992, and 2013, respectively. Said opinions, quotes, and citations belong under the History section as they range from 10 to over 30 years old.

A more recent citation from 2020 follows (Google "Elon Musk Cryonics"). It's about 2 minutes of your time.

https://www.google.com/search?q=elon+musk+cryonics&client=ms-android-samsung-rvo1&sca_esv=9b41ab9b54a73dba&source=android-home&sxsrf=ACQVn0_iPjx49FuRDEv7qDOuC6anGB89SA%3A1706814842412&source=hp&ei=eu27ZeHmFruckPIP0L-IqAQ&udm=&oq=&gs_lp=EhFtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1ocCIAKgIIAjIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzINEC4YxwEY0QMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJzIHECMY6gIYJ0joDlAAWABwAXgAkAEAmAEAoAEAqgEAuAEByAEAqAIP&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-hp#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:17e6285a,vid:MSIjNKssXAc,st:0 Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 19:20, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

 * This has been raised before. Elon Musk is not a reliable source for anything except Elon Musk's views. Bon courage (talk) 19:28, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I could argue historical quotes from lesser known, less influential, and less educated people on this subject from 10-30+ years ago is a less reliable source than Elon, who is more known, more influential, and more educated on this subject...and, therefore more credible.
 * Matter of fact, that is my argument.
 * That's mainstream.
 * I'm not recommending removal of the existing antiquated citations/opinions, those should certainly be perserved...under History. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 19:40, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Elon Musk is not "educated on this subject." The fact you think so is extremely telling. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 20:15, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Google searches are not reliable sources for anything. And neither is Elon Musk.
 * The suggestion to move citations to History is a non-starter. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 19:31, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Are those citations not history?
 * I'm attempting to collaborate with all of you to update, and maintain, truth in this article.
 * Selective omissions because individuals hold an opinion that Elon is not reliable shocks me.
 * As for "non-starter", please show me your willingness to collaborate by telling me what counts as a starter. Need statements from PhDs? MDs? MBAs? JDs? No problem, just let me know so we can get to a neutral and truthful article. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 19:51, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * You need to get some clue. Like, read WP:RS, WP:NPOV and WP:FRINGE. Wikipedia does not deal in your "truth", but reflects accepted knowledge. There is nothing to show the accepted knowledge on cryonics (it's a load of old fraudulent crap) is dated. That is the view now. Bon courage (talk) 19:57, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * We need reliable sources as outlined in WP:RS. For a topic like this, to make the article say what you seem to want to make it say, that would mean peer-reviewed articles in reputable journals. We don't do testimonials, celebrity, MBA, or otherwise. MrOllie (talk) 19:57, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your professional response, relative to other responses I've received. The rules of engagement (WP:RS) are helpful as I learn how to collaborate with you.
 * Please review this book/information.
 * Cryostasis Revival: The Recovery of Cryonics Patients through Nanomedicine
 * © 2022 Robert A. Freitas Jr.
 * https://books.google.com/books/about/Cryostasis_Revival.html?id=MzbozgEACAAJ
 * It has been made freely available as a PDF download to the public as part of a US 501c3's mission to educate the public, available at this link:
 * https://www.alcor.org/cryostasis-revival/?noamp=mobile
 * I'm not trying to hide my identity, you likely already know who this is. I do NOT represent the publisher/Alcor Life Extension Foundation ("Alcor"), a tax-exempt 501c3. I do NOT receive financial benefit from this book or from Alcor; however, I was the CEO of said organization (until May 2022) when the decision was made to freely educate the public. I argue this ENTIRE "Cryonics" Wikipedia article needs a full review and rewrite in light of new information provided herein.
 * Please find these quotes in the free copywrite book:
 * "These results suggest that, when cryonics is carried out under favorable conditions, and when ice formation is prevented by vitrification, it has every appearance of preserving the structure and the molecular inventory of the brain."
 * - Gregory M. Fahy, Ph.D.
 * January 2022
 * (Current President of the Society for Cryobiology)
 * "There is now an emerging scientific consensus on the feasibility of cryopreserving complex mammalian tissues, and the Society for Cryobiology is no longer openly hostile to cryonicists, though still eschewing cryonics as part of its professional mission."
 * -Society for Cryobiology
 * The sources of these quotes meet the definition of published, context of the facts weighs heavily in favor of reliability, and a rewrite of the entire article is warranted due to the age of this freely available book citation (which I notice it's not currently listed).
 * I appreciate your guidance by pointing me to WP:RS, as I am still new to Wikipedia.
 * How do we start the process of review and rewrite to present non-biased truth to the world?
 * Thanks in advance for your response.
 *  Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:10, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * A self published book is not a peer-reviewed article in a reputable journal. MrOllie (talk) 23:19, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Peer-reviewed article in a reputable journal is not the requirement under WP:RS.
 * My submitted citation exceeds citation #3 (1992) from a non-scientist on every measure per WP:RS.
 *  Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:25, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * No, it does not. We do not use self published books as sources. If you read WP:RS and came away thinking that meets the requirements you have gravely misunderstood WP:RS. MrOllie (talk) 23:36, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I disagree. I did not publish the book, so that's moot. The author did not publish the book, so that's moot.
 * Yes, a US 501c3 freely published the book as part of their mission to educate the public.
 * That does not meet the definition of self-published.
 * Time's up. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:49, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Feel free to ask at WP:RSN, they will tell you the same. There is no way we can use that as a source. MrOllie (talk) 23:51, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * How long does it take for that book to be published? Ty in advance. <46> Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 17:45, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
 * however, I was the CEO of said organization (until May 2022) when the decision was made to freely educate the public
 * Per WP:COI, you need to declare this on your user page. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 23:27, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I didn't want a User Page, but ok.
 * Disclosed, COI not an issue. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 23:42, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This is just a question for you (the one behind the screen). I'm not asking specifically about editing the article... I'm asking why you think/thought COI was important? Educate me, please...
 * Did you think there was potentially a benefit for me?
 * Ty in advance for your answer. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 00:17, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It does not matter why someone chose to remind you of the rules.
 * The rules apply whether or not someone reminds you, so you should just thank the person who reminds you and move on.
 * ApLundell (talk) 05:14, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * If you read WP:COI it explains why. We are concerned when people have personal ties to a subject, as it makes it more likely they are editing with a bias to promote said subject beyond what is reasonable for Wikipedia's purposes. Sometimes that means a financial benefit to said editor, but other times it's just because they're friends/co-workers who want to make the subject look better in the public eye. And Wikipedia is not here for promotional purposes. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 17:26, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Makes sense, thanks. Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 18:36, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It's a non-starter because you're unilaterally trying to move quotes for reasons not based in Wikipedia policy. As Bon courage and MrOllie say, you need to familiarize yourself with our core policies and editing guidelines before making such suggestions.
 * Need statements from PhDs? MDs? MBAs? JDs?
 * No. We want reliable sources per that policy. Independent, secondary sources (not "statements" from individuals), preferably those with a history of fact-checking and reliable reporting. Not speeches from UFO proponents & their mouthpieces. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 20:12, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * And since this is a fringe topic sources need to be WP:FRIND. Bon courage (talk) 04:33, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Elon Musk once said that aliens built the pyramids in Egypt. But for some reason they won't let me add that to Great Pyramid of Giza. MrOllie (talk) 19:37, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * or that some guy was a pedo? Bon courage (talk) 19:39, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

Help w/refuting cit 3 plz
I know there are outstanding tickets already, but I need help from this Wikipedia community to refute the original 1992 (Butler) source.

Rumor has it if the original source is successfully refuted this article can be rewritten relatively quickly. By asking for help, I'm not asking for someone to tell "me" how to refute the original source or direct me to the rules. I've already spent my personal $, T, and mental E in an attempt to contribute to this article, and help from experienced Wikipedians (sp?) is needed now, please. I'm asking for experienced member(s) of this community to help refute cit 3 so this article can get closer to current truth(s)/facts.

To be brief, Butler ('92) knew nothing about this subject when he wrote his book and lacks any credibility today. The original source contains <2 pages about Cryonics, Butler presents a personal opinion in his book, and the book is over 30 years old.

I've been told my profile has been marked as "tainted", I've been called bias, and I've been warned not to be annoying (whatever that means). That's fine, judge me as you wish. I think I've been patient enough to earn the right to request your help.

What matters more than how others see me is for others to have access to superior, current information on this Cryonics article. Even though the information presented herein is not "perfect", Wikipedia has built a great platform. I hold to the belief this community wants Wikipedia to present the most accurate information available. I don't sense my belief in this community is misplaced.

Is there an experienced leader in this community willing to be a fearless champion and refute the original source? Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 14:22, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * No, per WP:FORUM. This is a page for discussing improvements to the article, not for people to discuss the subject itself (including efforts to refute a source on your own).
 * If you do refute a source & get that refutation published, that would be relevant to discuss here. Until then, we can't do anything for you. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 15:21, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
 * understood, ty Patrick Harris, Sr (talk) 15:23, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
 * That does seem like a weak source. The problem with your objection to that source is that there are many other good sources where a reputable scientist has claimed that cryonics is quackery. Removing that source won't achieve your obvious goal. You could improve the article by finding a better source that says the same thing. Lord knows, there are plenty to pick from.JordanSparks (talk) 18:27, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cryonics


text:
Toad the Wet Sprocket

Toad the Wet Sprocket is an American alternative rock band formed in Santa Barbara, California, in 1986. The band at the time consisted of vocalist/guitarist Glen Phillips, guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning, and drummer Randy Guss, who stopped touring in 2017 and left the band in 2020. Guss was replaced by drummer Josh Daubin, who had been supporting them as their drummer on recent tours. They had chart success in the 1990s with singles that included "Walk on the Ocean", "All I Want", "Something's Always Wrong", "Fall Down", and "Good Intentions".

The band broke up in 1998 to pursue other projects; however, they began touring the United States again in 2006 for short-run tours each summer in small venues. In December 2010, the band announced their official reunion as a full-time working band and started writing songs for their first studio album of new material since their 1997 Columbia Records release, Coil. Their most recent full-length album, Starting Now, was released on August 27, 2021.

Name origin
Toad the Wet Sprocket takes its name from a Monty Python comedy sketch called "Rock Notes", in which a journalist delivers a nonsensical music news report: "Rex Stardust, lead electric triangle with Toad the Wet Sprocket, has had to have an elbow removed following their recent successful worldwide tour of Finland. Flamboyant ambidextrous Rex apparently fell off the back of a motorcycle. "Fell off the back of a motorcyclist, most likely," quipped ace drummer Jumbo McClooney on hearing of the accident. Plans are already afoot for a major tour of Iceland."

There was also an extended skit about the fictional Toad the Wet Sprocket on one of Idle's later shows, Rutland Weekend Television (Season 1, Episode 4, "Rutland Weekend Whistle Test"). RWT musician and regular cast member Neil Innes, ex-Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and "The Seventh Python", played keyboards with the somnolent band.

As their first gig approached, the band still had not chosen a name. The members facetiously adopted "Toad the Wet Sprocket" because they thought it would be "hilarious". Vocalist Glen Phillips later called it "a joke that went on too long" and, according to their website, "it was probably meant to be temporary at the time." The name had been used once before, by a short-lived British blues band of the late 1970s that had appeared on the 1980 Metal for Muthas compilation, although the earlier band had long since split up when Philips and company formed their band.

Eric Idle, the sketch's original performer, reflected on the band's name in a 1999 performance: "I once wrote a sketch about rock musicians, and I was trying to think of a name that would be so silly nobody would ever use it, or dream it could ever be used. So I wrote the words "Toad the Wet Sprocket." And a few years later, I was driving along the freeway in LA, and a song came on the radio, and the DJ said, "that was by Toad the Wet Sprocket," and I nearly drove off the freeway."

Early career (1986–1990)
Toad the Wet Sprocket was formed in 1986, with the members having known one another from San Marcos High School just outside Santa Barbara, California. Singer/songwriter and guitarist Glen Phillips was only 15, while guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning, and drummer Randy Guss were 19. The band's first public appearance was at an open-mic talent contest in September 1986. The band did not win.

Toad the Wet Sprocket's first album was released in 1989. Bread & Circus was self-financed through their label, Abe's Records. The album spawned the singles "Way Away" and "One Little Girl", which made the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart but received little attention.

The follow-up to Bread & Circus, Pale, was released in 1990, and saw Toad the Wet Sprocket's sound mature. During the recording of the album, the band signed to Columbia Records while declining the opportunity to re-record Pale but negotiating to have Columbia Records reissue Bread & Circus. Featuring the singles "Jam" and the modern-rock chart hit "Come Back Down", the album was still not a success, but the singles received heavy airplay on college radio stations. The band's first music video (for "One Little Girl") was directed by Mark Miremont and aired on MTV's 120 Minutes.

Commercial breakthrough (1991–1998)
Toad the Wet Sprocket finally achieved fame with their third album, 1991's fear. The album's singles "All I Want" and "Walk on the Ocean" reached the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100. The album became the band's first RIAA-certified platinum album.

In 1993, the Mike Myers feature film So I Married an Axe Murderer included the song "Brother" on its soundtrack. "Brother" later appeared on the In Light Syrup compilation album, as well as on the 2004 release of the live album Welcome Home: Live at the Arlington Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992.

In 1994, after years of heavy touring, Toad the Wet Sprocket released Dulcinea, their follow-up to fear. This album spawned the hit singles "Fall Down", which reached No. 1 on the U.S. Modern Rock charts, as well as No. 5 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and "Something's Always Wrong", which also charted. Like fear, this album was certified platinum by the RIAA.

A 1995 compilation album of b-sides and rarities, In Light Syrup, included the singles "Good Intentions", which was featured on the soundtrack for the television show Friends, as well as the aforementioned "Brother". The compilation was certified as a gold album in 2001.

The release of 1997's Coil acted as the proper follow-up to 1994's Dulcinea. Featuring a more electric, rock sound, it featured the modern-rock and mainstream rock hit "Come Down", as well as the singles "Crazy Life" (a previous recording of the song was featured on the soundtrack for the film Empire Records) and "Whatever I Fear", which did not chart. The album, despite the success of "Come Down" as a single, failed to reach any sales benchmarks. This failure is often attributed to the label doing a poor job of promoting the album.

Toad the Wet Sprocket formally broke up in July 1998, citing creative differences.

Post-breakup and reunions (1998–2008)
Toad the Wet Sprocket, though officially broken up since 1998, worked together off and on over the years. They performed on several occasions in 1999, although only short sets. Also in 1999, Phillips, Dinning, and Guss recorded two studio tracks for a compilation release, P.S. (A Toad Retrospective), including one of the first songs the band wrote together, "P.S." Nichols declined to participate in these sessions and was replaced by Lapdog guitarist Rob Taylor.

Toad the Wet Sprocket temporarily reunited in late 2002, playing a benefit for the Rape Crisis Center in Santa Barbara and opening a few shows for Counting Crows. The group then played a few months of full-length shows in early 2003. Although these gigs were seemingly successful, at the end of the tour, the band decided to continue on their separate paths and careers. In 2004, the band released an album of a live show that had been taped in 1992. This album, Welcome Home: Live at The Arlington Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992, showcased the height of their popularity during the tour for fear.

Between 2004 and 2010, Toad the Wet Sprocket performed several short sets together. In the summer of 2006, the band reunited for a 34-date nationwide tour of the United States. During the summer of 2007, they played several shows with lead singer Glen Phillips serving as their opening act. On January 16, 2008, the band reunited once again to play two shows – one in St. Petersburg, Florida, then the next night at the House of Blues Orlando, prior to joining The Rock Boat VIII. On January 25, 2008, the band played a set at the Ann Arbor Folk Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan. On June 11–12, 2008, they played in Philadelphia and New Jersey at the Trocadero Theatre and Starland Ballroom, respectively. On June 14, 2008, they played at the 27th annual Alexandria Red Cross Waterfront Festival. On June 15, 2008, the band performed at The Norva in Norfolk, Virginia. One of the show's highlights was the band performing Glen Phillip's solo hit "Everything But You".

On December 19, 2008, Toad the Wet Sprocket performed on The Adam Carolla Show at the Canyon Club in Agoura Hills, California. In May 2009, they played a four show mini-tour, including two nights at the intimate 400 seat venue The Ark in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and also in an outdoor venue at Neptunes Park in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Continuing throughout the 2009 summer, the group played a second 12-stop mini tour, which started with a show at the House of Blues in Houston. During the show, the band noted that it had been some time since they had played a venue in Texas. However, noting the positive crowd response and energetic atmosphere, Philips stated that the group "would try to make it an annual stop" in the future.

Full-time reunion, return to recording, New Constellation, and Starting Now (2009–present)
In 2009, bassist Dean Dinning said Toad the Wet Sprocket was now something each member considered an active project, and though they had not released a new studio album since 1997 and only did small summer tours, they no longer considered themselves "broken up". In May 2010, the band gathered at a California studio to begin re-recording some of their older hits for licensing reasons. Columbia Records owns the masters to the band's albums. Therefore, the band makes little money from them, so to be able to make a living off their own talent again, they made these re-recordings with the goal of having them used in film and TV.

On December 7, 2010, Toad the Wet Sprocket released their first new studio track in 11 years. The holiday track "It Doesn't Feel Like Christmas", a cover of a Sam Phillips original, was posted on their official site, available via Bandcamp, for free download just in time for the holidays, along with a new message on their site: "We're that band that did 'Walk on the Ocean', 'All I Want', 'Something's Always Wrong', and "Fall Down'. The one with the weird name. We're back from a long slumber and look forward to saying hello some time. Keep in touch…" The band had recently signed a deal with Primary Wave to handle their back catalog and any future releases, and on December 11, 2010, the band mentioned, both on stage and in an offstage YouTube interview, that they are currently writing songs for their first new studio album since 1997's Coil. In addition, they began playing two new songs, "Friendly Fire" and "The Moment", which were being worked on for the new album.

On April 12, 2011, Toad the Wet Sprocket released a new greatest hits album titled All You Want in digital and disc form via their official website. The 11-track CD includes brand new studio versions of their hits. The band does not have access to some of the versions they did for Columbia Records in the '90s. However, they did regain full control of the songs from their first two albums, and they planned to re-release them in remastered form on their own label, Abe's Records, following the release of their upcoming studio album. On March 22, 2013, it was announced via Toad the Wet Sprocket's Facebook page that recording of the new album had been completed. The album was produced and mixed by Mikal Blue at Revolver Studios in Thousand Oaks, California. On June 5, 2013, the band announced the first new single in 16 years on Rolling Stone's website titled "New Constellation". An album of the same name was released on the band's own Abe's Records on October 15, 2013. The band marketed the new album via the crowdsourcing website Kickstarter. The band initially set a fundraising goal of $50,000, expecting it to take about two months to raise that amount. Instead, fans contributed more than $50,000 in less than 20 hours. When the Kickstarter campaign finally came to a close, they had raised a total of $264,762. The band kicked off their new album with a release party for Kickstarter supporters at The Palm restaurant in Los Angeles, California, on August 23, 2013, followed immediately by a live performance at the nearby Troubadour music venue. In 2014, Toad the Wet Sprocket resumed touring and opened a number of shows for Counting Crows. They showcased some of the new material from New Constellation, the Kickstarter-funded album, including "California Wasted" and the album's title track while playing a number of their earlier hits. During summer 2015, the band went on tour with fellow '90s acts Smash Mouth and Tonic. The band released an EP called Architect of the Ruin on June 16, 2015.

In 2018, Toad the Wet Sprocket announced that they had reissued their albums fear and Dulcinea on a deluxe remastered vinyl LP available through their online store. The same year, they also released a limited deluxe 5-LP box set of colored vinyl for their albums fear, Dulcinea and Acoustic Dance Party.

In a January 2020 interview with ChicagoNow, Glen Phillips stated that "Toad has started recording again." In addition, he confirmed the band's first official lineup change, and that drummer Guss had left the band on good terms. Previous occasional touring member Josh Daubin replaced Guss.

On September 25, 2020, they released a new song titled "Starting Now", followed by another new song "Old Habits Die Hard" on October 23, from their album, Starting Now, released on August 27, 2021.

Musical style
Toad the Wet Sprocket have been most consistently been labelled as alternative rock, but their music has also been described as folk rock, pop rock, jangle pop, and folk-pop.

AllMusic writer Kelly McCarteny described Toad's early music as having a "jangle pop, garage band sound", and noted that their album Fear was a shift to "smart and catchy pop/rock songs".

Glen Phillips' solo career
Immediately after the band's breakup in 1998, Phillips began his solo career, releasing five solo studio albums: Abulum (2000), Winter Pays For Summer (2005), and Mr. Lemons (2006), Coyote Sessions (2012), and Swallowed by the New (2016), along with two live albums, Live At Largo (2003), and Live at the Belly Up (2016).

Lapdog
In the late 1990s, Nichols and Dinning formed a new band called Lapdog. They recorded and released the studio album Near Tonight (2001), and toured minimally. After this, Dinning quit the band to split his time between recording and producing local music and pursuing his acting career. Guss joined Lapdog as their drummer. Again, Lapdog recorded and released an album, called Mayfly (2002). Nichols has since ended Lapdog and is focusing on writing songs along with Dinning in Nashville for country acts, and producing bands at his studio, Abe's, in Los Angeles. A Lapdog song, "See You Again", appears in revamped/revised form on Toad the Wet Sprocket's New Constellation album under the title "I'll Bet On You".

Band members
Current members
 * Dean Dinning – bass guitar, backing vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar (1986–present)
 * Todd Nichols – lead guitar, backing vocals, mandolin (1986–present)
 * Glen Phillips – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, mandolin, keyboards (1986–present)
 * Josh Daubin – drums, percussion, backing vocals (touring substitute 2017–2020; 2020–present)

Former members
 * Randy Guss – drums, backing vocals (1986–2020)

Touring members
 * Bruce Winter – keyboards, backing vocals (1992)
 * Jonathan Kingham – keyboards, backing vocals, rhythm guitar, mandolin, lap steel guitar (2011–present)
 * Jon Sosin – keyboards, lap steel, mandolin (2023–present)
 * Carl Thompson – drums, percussion (2023–present)

Session substitutes
 * Rob Taylor – lead guitar on "Eyes Open Wide" from P.S. (A Toad Retrospective) (1999)

Discography

 * Bread & Circus (1989)
 * Pale (1990)
 * Fear (1991)
 * Dulcinea (1994)
 * Coil (1997)
 * New Constellation (2013)
 * Starting Now (2021)

Other media appearances
Toad the Wet Sprocket's songs have been used in the soundtracks of over a dozen movies and episodes of television series.
 * "Little Heaven" is featured in the film Buffy The Vampire Slayer (1992) and the accompanying soundtrack release, Buffy the Vampire Slayer Soundtrack.
 * "Brother" is featured in the 1993 film So I Married an Axe Murderer.
 * "Fall Down" is featured in the 1994 film Drop Zone, in a November 1994 episode of the TV series My So-Called Life ("Other People's Mothers") and in TV series Billions season 6 episode 5 "Rock of Eye".
 * "Crazy Life" is on the Empire Records soundtrack, which was released in August 1995.
 * "Something's Always Wrong" is featured in the 1996 film Fear, starring Mark Wahlberg, Reese Witherspoon, William Petersen, and Alyssa Milano.
 * "Windmills" is featured in the final scene of the 2003 film Latter Days and in the season 4 episode "My Roommates" of the TV series Scrubs.
 * The band has three cover songs on compilation albums: John Lennon's "Instant Karma!", featured in the album Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon; the Beatles' "Hey Bulldog", featured in the I Know What You Did Last Summer soundtrack; and Kiss's "Rock and Roll All Nite", featured in the album Kiss My Ass: Classic Kiss Regrooved.
 * "Walk on the Ocean" is featured in the 2013 film Jobs, starring Ashton Kutcher.
 * The band wrote a song titled "One of Those Days", featured in the 2017 animated film Animal Crackers.
 * The band is featured on the Roger Miller tribute album, King of the Road: A Tribute to Roger Miller, covering "Nothing Can Stop My Love".
 * "Amnesia" is featured in TV show Dawson's Creek season 1 episode 4 "Discovery".
 * The band wrote a song titled "Acid", featured on Mom II: Music for Our Mother Ocean.

title: Toad the Wet Sprocket


text:
List of Brazilian sportspeople

This is a partial list of Brazilian sportspeople.

Athletics

 * Joaquim Cruz (born 1963)
 * José da Conceição (born 1931)
 * Adhemar da Silva (born 1927)
 * Arnaldo da Silva (born 1964)
 * Claudinei da Silva (born 1970)
 * Robson da Silva (born 1964)
 * Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima (born 1969)
 * Vicente de Lima (born 1977)
 * João Carlos de Oliveira (born 1954)
 * André da Silva (born 1972)
 * Maurren Maggi (born 1976)
 * Nelson Prudêncio (born 1924)
 * Édson Ribeiro (born 1972)
 * Cláudio Roberto Souza (born 1970)

Basketball

 * Anderson Varejão (born 1982), NBA player (Cleveland Cavaliers)
 * Hortência, (born 1959)
 * Leandrinho (born 1982), NBA player (Phoenix Suns)
 * Nenê, (born 1982), NBA player (Denver Nuggets)
 * Oscar Schmidt, (born 1958)
 * Paula, (born 1962)

Bobsled

 * Eric Maleson (born 1967), 2002 Olympic Athlete - pilot

Boxing

 * Eder Jofre - world champion
 * Maguila - heavyweight
 * Acelino Freitas (Popó), (born 1975), world champion

Football

 * Ademir da Guia (born 1942)
 * Adriano (born 1982)
 * Advaldo (born 1986)
 * Aldair (born 1965)
 * Arthur Friedenreich (1892–1969)
 * Bebeto (born 1964)
 * Cafu (born 1970)
 * Camilo (born 1986)
 * Careca (born 1960)
 * Carlos Alberto (born 1944)
 * Carlos Alberto Parreira (born 1943)
 * Clodoaldo (born 1949)
 * Cristiane (born 1985)
 * Da Silva (born 1984)
 * Diego
 * Djalma Dias (1939–1990)
 * Djalma Santos (born 1929)
 * Garrincha (born 1933)
 * Gérson (born 1941)
 * Gilmar (born 1930)
 * Jairzinho (born 1944)
 * João Saldanha (1917–1990)
 * Juninho Pernambucano (born 1975)
 * Kaká (born 1982)
 * Léo Júnior (born 1954)
 * Leônidas da Silva (1913–2004)
 * Luís Fabiano (born 1980)
 * Luis Pereira (born 1949)
 * Luiz Felipe Scolari (born 1948)
 * Marcos (born 1973)
 * Marta (born 1986)
 * José Altafini (born 1938)
 * Neymar (born 1992)
 * Nílton Santos (born 1927)
 * Pelé (born 1940)
 * Raí (born 1965)
 * Robinho (born 1984)
 * Renê Weber, (born 1960), former player, trainer (in Brazil and in other countries)
 * Rivaldo (born 1972)
 * Rivellino (born 1946)
 * Roberto Carlos (born 1973)
 * Rogério Ceni (born 1973)
 * Romário (born 1966)
 * Ronaldinho (born 1980)
 * Ronaldo (born 1976)
 * Sócrates (1954–2011)
 * Toninho Cerezo (born 1955)
 * Tostão (born 1947)
 * Vavá (1934–2002)
 * Zico (born 1953)

Golf

 * Angela Park (born 1988)

Judo

 * Aurélio Miguel (born 1964)
 * Carlos Honorato (born 1974)
 * Denílson Lourenço (born 1977)
 * Edinanci Silva (born 1976)
 * Flávio Canto (born 1975)
 * João Derly (born 1981)
 * Ketleyn Quadros (born 1987)
 * Leandro Guilheiro (born 1983)
 * Luciano Corrêa (born 1982)
 * Rogério Sampaio (born 1967)
 * Tiago Camilo (born 1982)

Martial arts/Mixed martial arts

 * Allan Goes
 * Anderson Silva
 * Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira
 * Antônio Rogério Nogueira
 * Carlos Gracie Jr.
 * Carlson Gracie
 * Charles Oliveira
 * Demian Maia
 * Eduardo de Lima
 * Fabrício Werdum
 * Gabriel Gonzaga
 * Hélio Gracie
 * Hermes Franca
 * Jorge Gurgel
 * Lyoto Machida
 * Marco Ruas
 * Mario Sperry
 * Mauricio "Shogun" Rua
 * Murilo Bustamante
 * Murilo "Ninja" Rua
 * Paulo Filho
 * Pedro Rizzo
 * Renato "Babalu" Sobral
 * Ricardo Arona
 * Rickson Gracie
 * Royce Gracie
 * Thiago Silva
 * Vitor Belfort
 * Vítor Ribeiro
 * Wallid Ismail
 * Wanderlei Silva
 * Wilson Gouveia
 * Marcio Navarro

Racing

 * Alex Ribeiro (born 1948), Formula One driver
 * Andre Ribeiro (born 1966), Champ Car driver
 * Ayrton Senna (1960–1994), Formula One driver
 * Bruno Senna (born 1983), Formula One and Le Mans Series driver
 * Bruno Junqueira (born 1976), Champ Car driver
 * Carlos Pace (1944–1977), Formula One driver
 * Christian Fittipaldi (born 1971), Formula One and Champ Car driver
 * Cristiano da Matta (born 1973), Formula One and Champ Car driver
 * Emerson Fittipaldi (born 1946), Formula One and Champ Car driver
 * Enrique Bernoldi (born 1978), Formula One, Indy Racing League and Superleague Formula
 * Felipe Massa (born 1981), Formula One driver
 * Fernando Rees (born 1985), Le Mans Series driver
 * Gil de Ferran (born 1967), Indy Car and Champ Car driver
 * Hélio Castroneves (born 1975), Indy Racing League driver
 * Maurício Gugelmin (born 1963), Formula One and Champ Car driver
 * Nelson Piquet (born 1952), Formula One driver
 * Nelson Piquet Jr. (born 1985), Formula One driver
 * Pedro Diniz (born 1970), Formula One driver
 * Raul Boesel (born 1957), Formula One, Indy Car and Champ Car driver
 * Roberto Moreno (born 1948), Formula One, Indy Car and Champ Car driver
 * Ricardo Rosset (born 1968), Formula One driver
 * Ricardo Zonta (born 1976), Formula One, FIA GT Championship and Rolex Sports Car Series driver
 * Rubens Barrichello (born 1972), Formula One driver
 * Tony Kanaan (born 1974), Indy Car and Champ Car driver
 * Tarso Marques (born 1976), TC2000 and Stock Car Brasil
 * Vítor Meira (born 1977), Indy Car driver
 * Wilson Fittipaldi (born 1943), Formula One driver
 * Lucas di Grassi (born 1984), Formula One and Formula E driver

Rodeo

 * Adriano Moraes (born 1970), three-time PBR world champion
 * Guilherme Marchi (born 1982), bull rider on the PBR circuit

Skateboarding

 * Bob Burnquist (born 1976), skateboarder
 * Fabiola da Silva (born 1979), aggressive inline skater
 * Sandro Dias (born 1975)

Swimming

 * César Cielo (born 1987)
 * Flávia Delaroli (born 1983)
 * Fabíola Molina (born 1985)
 * Gabriel Mangabeira (born 1982)
 * Gustavo Borges (born 1972)
 * Kaio Márcio (born 1984)
 * Lucas Salatta (born 1987)
 * Maria Lenk (1915–2007)
 * Poliana Okimoto (born 1983)
 * Thiago Pereira (born 1986)
 * Xuxa (born 1974)

Taekwondo

 * Diogo Silva (born 1982)
 * Natália Falavigna (born 1984)

Tennis

 * André Sá (born 1977)
 * Fernando Meligeni (born 1971)
 * Flávio Saretta (born 1980)
 * Gustavo Kuerten, (born 1976)(number one of the world in 2001
 * Jaime Oncins (born 1970)
 * Luiz Mattar (born 1963)
 * Marcelo Melo (born 1983)
 * Marcos Daniel (born 1978)
 * Maria Ester Bueno (born 1939)
 * Ricardo Acioly (born 1964)
 * Thomaz Bellucci (born 1987)
 * Beatriz Haddad Maia (born 1996)

Volleyball

 * Amauri (born 1959)
 * Anderson (born 1974)
 * André Heller (born 1975)
 * André Nascimento (born 1979)
 * Bebeto de Freitas (born 1950)
 * Bernard (born 1957)
 * Bernardinho (born 1959)
 * Carlão (born 1965)
 * Dante (born 1980)
 * Fofão (born 1970)
 * Giba (born 1976)
 * Giovane (born 1970)
 * Gustavo (born 1975)
 * Jaque (born 1983)
 * Marcelo Negrão (born 1972)
 * Maurício Lima (born 1968)
 * Montanaro (born 1958)
 * Murilo (born 1981)
 * Nalbert (born 1974)
 * Paula Pequeno (born 1982)
 * Renan (born 1960)
 * Ricardinho (born 1975)
 * Serginho (born 1975)
 * Sheilla (born 1983)
 * Tande (born 1970)
 * Virna (born 1971)
 * William (born 1954)

title: List of Brazilian sportspeople


text:
Teddy Pendergrass

Theodore DeReese Pendergrass (March 26, 1950 – January 13, 2010) was an American soul and R&B singer-songwriter. He was born in Kingstree, South Carolina. Pendergrass lived most of his life in the Philadelphia area, and initially rose to musical fame as the lead singer of Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. After leaving the group in 1976, Pendergrass launched a successful solo career under the Philadelphia International label, releasing five consecutive platinum albums (a record at the time for an African-American R&B artist). Pendergrass's career was suspended after a March 1982 car crash left him paralyzed from the chest down. Pendergrass continued his successful solo career until announcing his retirement in 2007. He died from respiratory failure in January 2010.

Early life
Teddy Pendergrass was born Theodore DeReese Pendergrass on March 26, 1950, in Kingstree, South Carolina. He was the only child of Jesse and Ida Geraldine (née Epps) Pendergrass. Ida suffered six miscarriages before successfully giving birth to Teddy. When Pendergrass was very young, his father left the family. As he grew older, his mother promised him that she would find his father so that they could meet. She fulfilled that promise, and Teddy met his father when he was 11 years old. Not long after, Jesse was stabbed to death on June 13, 1962, during an altercation with another man. He was 47 years of age. Pendergrass grew up in the impoverished section of North Philadelphia and often sang at church. He dreamed of being a pastor and got his wish when, at age 10, he was ordained a minister (according to author Robert Ewell Greene). Pendergrass also took up drums during this time and was a junior deacon of his church.

He attended Thomas Edison High School for Boys in North Philadelphia. He sang with the Edison Mastersingers. He dropped out in the 11th grade to enter the music business, recording his first song "Angel with Muddy Feet". The recording, however, was not a commercial success. Pendergrass played drums for several local Philadelphia bands, eventually becoming the drummer of The Cadillacs (not the famed Harlem-based group of the same name). In 1970, he was spotted by the Blue Notes' founder, Harold Melvin (1939–1997), who convinced Pendergrass to play drums in the group. However, during a performance, Pendergrass began singing along, and Melvin, impressed by his vocals, made him the lead singer. Before Pendergrass joined the group, the Blue Notes had struggled to find success. This all changed when they landed a recording deal with Philadelphia International Records in 1971, thus beginning Pendergrass's successful collaboration with label founders Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff.

Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes: 1970–1975
In 1972, Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes released their first single, the slow, solemn ballad, "I Miss You". The song was originally written for The Dells, but the group passed on it. Noting how Pendergrass sounded like Dells lead singer Marvin Junior, Kenny Gamble decided to build the song with Pendergrass, who was only 21 at the time of the recording. Pendergrass sings much of the song in a raspy baritone voice that would become his trademark. The song also featured Blue Notes member Lloyd Parks singing falsetto in the background and spotlighted Harold Melvin adding in a rap near the end of the song as Pendergrass kept singing, feigning tears. The song, one of Gamble and Huff's most creative productions, became a major rhythm and blues hit and put the Blue Notes on the map. The group's follow-up single, "If You Don't Know Me by Now", brought the group to the mainstream with the song reaching the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100, while also reaching number one on the soul no. 1 singles chart. Like "I Miss You" before it, the song was originally intended for a different artist, fellow Philadelphian native Patti LaBelle and her group Labelle but the group could not record it due to scheduling conflicts. Pendergrass and LaBelle developed a close friendship that would last until Pendergrass's death.

The group rode to fame with several more releases over the years including "The Love I Lost", a song that predated the upcoming disco music scene, the ballad "Hope That We Can Be Together Soon", and socially conscious singles "Wake Up Everybody" and "Bad Luck". One of the group's notable singles was their original version of the Philly soul classic "Don't Leave Me This Way", which turned into a disco smash when Motown artist Thelma Houston released her version in 1976. By 1975, Pendergrass and Harold Melvin were at odds, mainly over financial issues and personality conflicts. Despite the fact that Pendergrass sang most of the group's songs, Melvin was controlling the group's finances. At one point, Pendergrass wanted the group to be renamed "Teddy Pendergrass and the Blue Notes" because fans kept mistaking him for Melvin. Pendergrass left the group in 1975, and the Blue Notes struggled with his replacements. They eventually left Philadelphia International and toiled in relative obscurity, until Melvin's death in 1997. As of 2014, a version of the group still tours the old school circuit, performing as Harold Melvin's Blue Notes.

Early solo success
In 1977, Pendergrass released his self-titled album, which went platinum on the strength of the disco hit "I Don't Love You Anymore". Its follow-up single, "The Whole Town's Laughing at Me", became a top 20 R&B hit. Although not released as singles, the uptempo album tracks "You Can't Hide from Yourself" and "The More I Get, The More I Want", as well as the ballad "And If I Had" were also hits. The debut album was quickly followed by Life Is a Song Worth Singing, in 1978. That album was even more successful with its singles "Only You" and the classic million selling number 1 R&B hit "Close the Door". The latter song firmly established Pendergrass as the top male sex symbol in soul music. The album's popularity was furthered by the disco hit "Get Up, Get Down, Get Funky, Get Loose", the ballad "It Don't Hurt Now", and the mid-tempo classic "When Somebody Loves You Back". That double platinum number-one R&B triumph was followed up in 1979 by two successes, the albums Teddy (which stayed at number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart for eight weeks and was named the second-biggest R&B album of the year), and the live release Live Coast to Coast. Hits off Teddy included the classics "Come Go with Me", the erotic ballad "Turn Off the Lights", and the uptempo album cut "Do Me". With his sex appeal at an all-time high after his 1979 tour, Pendergrass took a more mellow approach on his 1980 album TP. It included the classic number two R&B hit "Love TKO", the Stephanie Mills duet version of "Feel the Fire" and the Ashford & Simpson composition "Is It Still Good to You". Between 1977 and 1981, Pendergrass landed five consecutive platinum albums, which was a then record-setting number for a rhythm and blues artist.

Pendergrass's popularity became massive at the end of 1978. With sold-out audiences packing his shows, his manager – the renowned Shep Gordon, who was known for his innovative approaches to publicizing his artists – soon noticed that a huge number of his audience consisted of women of all races. Gordon devised a plan for Pendergrass's next tour to play to just female audiences, starting a trend that continues today called "women-only concerts". With four platinum albums and two gold albums, Pendergrass was on his way to being what the media called "the black Elvis", not only in terms of his crossover popularity but also due to him buying a mansion akin to Elvis's Graceland, located just outside his hometown of Philadelphia. By early 1982, Pendergrass was perhaps the leading R&B male artist of his day, equaling the popularity of Marvin Gaye, and surpassing Barry White and all others in the R&B field. In 1980, the Isley Brothers released "Don't Say Goodnight (It's Time for Love)" to compete with Pendergrass's "Turn Off the Lights", which sensed Pendergrass's influence on the quiet storm format of black music.

Car crash
On March 18, 1982, in the East Falls section of Philadelphia on Lincoln Drive near Rittenhouse Street, Pendergrass was involved in a car crash while driving his new Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit. At the time of the accident, the singer's license had been suspended for unpaid parking tickets (he had also wrecked a Maserati the previous week). Rumors that alcohol was a factor were later discounted by the police. Pendergrass was reportedly driving Tenika Watson, a transgender nightclub performer whom he had known since the 1970s, to her house. Pendergrass would only say that Watson was a casual acquaintance. It appeared to Watson that the cause of the crash was a mechanical error in the car, and that possibly someone had tampered with the brakes. The car hit a guard rail, crossed onto the oncoming lane, and hit two trees. No other cars were involved. The impact jammed the doors, trapping them for almost an hour until both were freed. While Watson walked away from the collision with minor injuries, Pendergrass had a spinal cord injury, leaving him a tetraplegic, paralyzed from the chest down; he never walked again.

Later solo career
Pendergrass got well-wishes from thousands of his fans during his recovery. In August 1982, Philadelphia International released This One's for You, which failed to chart successfully, as did 1983's Heaven Only Knows. Both albums included material Pendergrass had recorded before the crash. The albums completed his contract with Philadelphia International. By the time Pendergrass decided to return to the studio to work on new music he had struggled to find a recording deal. Eventually signing a contract with Asylum Records and completing physical therapy, he released Love Language in 1984. The album included the pop ballad "Hold Me", featuring a then-unknown Whitney Houston. It reached No. 38 on the Billboard album chart and was certified Gold by the RIAA.

On July 13, 1985, Pendergrass made an emotional return to the stage at the historic Live Aid concert in Philadelphia in front of a live audience of over 100,000, the concert having an estimated 1.5 billion television viewers. It was the singer's first live performance following the accident. Pendergrass tearfully thanked the audience for keeping him in their well-wishes and then performed the Diana Ross song "Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)". In 1988, Pendergrass scored his first R&B number-one hit in nearly a decade when the song "Joy", from his album of the same name, was released. A video of the song enjoyed heavy rotation on BET. It was also his final Hot 100 charted single, peaking at number 77. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA that same year. Also, Pendergrass's voice was heard on the jingles of a then local Philadelphia radio station, WSNI-FM. Pendergrass kept recording through the 1990s. One of the singer's last hits was the new jack swing song, "Believe in Love", released in 1994. In 1996, he starred alongside Stephanie Mills in the touring production of the gospel musical Your Arms Too Short to Box with God. In 1998, Pendergrass released his autobiography titled Truly Blessed.

Pendergrass did a concert at the Wiltern Theater in Los Angeles on February 14, 2002, titled "The Power of Love". The concert became the album From Teddy, With Love, which was released on the Razor & Tie record label later that year. It was his second (after Live! Coast to Coast) and final live album. Clips of the concert, in particular his performance of his comeback song "Joy" can still be seen on YouTube. In his later years, Pendergrass's "Wake Up Everybody" has been covered by a diverse range of acts from Simply Red to Patti LaBelle and was chosen as a rallying cry during the 2004 Presidential campaign by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds to mobilize voters. In addition, Little Brother, Kanye West, Cam'ron, Twista, Ghostface, Tyrese Gibson, 9th Wonder, DMX and DJ Green Lantern have utilized his works.

In 2006, Pendergrass announced his retirement from the music business. In 2007, he briefly returned to performing to participate in Teddy 25: A Celebration of Life, Hope & Possibilities, a 25th anniversary awards ceremony that marked Pendergrass's crash, but also raised money for his charity, The Teddy Pendergrass Alliance, and honored those who helped Pendergrass since the accident.

Personal life and death

Pendergrass had three children: Tisha, LaDonna, and Theodore Jr.

Pendergrass's manager and girlfriend Taazmayia "Taaz" Lang was shot dead on the doorstep of her home in April 1977. The murder remains unsolved, although Philadelphia's Black Mafia has been suspected, as they allegedly resented Lang's control over Pendergrass's lucrative career.

In June 1987, Pendergrass married a former Philadanco dancer named Karen Still, who had also danced in his shows. They divorced in 2002.

Pendergrass published his autobiography, Truly Blessed, with Patricia Romanowski in 1998.

In the spring of 2006, Pendergrass met Joan Williams. He proposed to her after four months, and they married in a private ceremony officiated by his pastor, Alyn Waller of Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church, on Easter Sunday, March 23, 2008. On September 6, 2008, a formal wedding was celebrated at The Ocean Cliff Resort in Newport, Rhode Island. As members of Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church, Joan Pendergrass set up The Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church Youth Fund in the name of Pendergrass to provide assistance and a center for Philadelphia's inner city youth.

On June 5, 2009, Pendergrass underwent successful surgery for colon cancer and returned home to recover. A few weeks later he returned to the hospital with respiratory issues. After seven months, he died of respiratory failure on January 13, 2010, with his wife Joan by his side, at Bryn Mawr Hospital in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. He was 59. His body was interred at the West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

As of 2015, there are plans to make a feature film biopic of Pendergrass's life, and Tyrese Gibson is set to star as the late singer. In 2019, Essence Magazine reported that Gibson reached out to Lee Daniels to produce the film.

In 2019, BBC Film made a documentary on Pendergrass's life titled If You Don't Know Me. It was released February 8 on Showtime.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Teddy Pendergrass (1977)
 * Life Is a Song Worth Singing (1978)
 * Teddy (1979)
 * TP (1980)
 * It's Time for Love (1981)
 * This One's for You (1982)
 * Heaven Only Knows (1983)
 * Love Language (1984)
 * Workin' It Back (1985)
 * Joy (1988)
 * Truly Blessed (1991)
 * A Little More Magic (1993)
 * You and I (1997)
 * This Christmas (I'd Rather Have Love) (1998)

Grammy Award nominations
Pendergrass received five Grammy Award nominations.

Other awards
Pendergrass received several nominations for the American Music Awards between 1979 and 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, Favorite Soul/R&B Album, and Favorite Disco Artist. He won the AMA for Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist in 1979, tied with singer Lou Rawls. Pendergrass was posthumously inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame class of 2021. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Pendergrass at No. 42 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.

title: Teddy Pendergrass


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The Scotsman

The Scotsman is a Scottish compact newspaper and daily news website headquartered in Edinburgh. First established as a radical political paper in 1817, it began daily publication in 1855 and remained a broadsheet until August 2004. Its parent company, National World, also publishes the Edinburgh Evening News. It had an audited print circulation of 8,762 for July to December 2022. Its website, Scotsman.com, had an average of 138,000 unique visitors a day as of 2017. The title celebrated its bicentenary on 25 January 2017.

History

The Scotsman was conceived in 1816 and first launched on 25 January 1817 as a liberal weekly newspaper by lawyer William Ritchie and customs official Charles Maclaren in response to the "unblushing subservience" of competing newspapers to the Edinburgh establishment. These two plus John Ramsay McCulloch were co-founders of the venture.

The paper was pledged to "impartiality, firmness and independence". The price was originally 6d plus 4d tax. After the abolition of newspaper stamp tax in Scotland in 1855, The Scotsman was relaunched as a daily newspaper priced at 1d and a circulation of 6,000 copies.

The fledgling paper was originally based at 257 High Street on the Royal Mile. Until 1860 the Scotsman was co-housed with the Caledonian Mercury newspaper.

In 1860, The Scotsman obtained a purpose built office on Cockburn Street in Edinburgh designed in the Scots baronial style by the architects Peddie & Kinnear. This backed onto their original offices on the Royal Mile. The building bears the initials "JR" for John Ritchie, the founder of the company. On 19 December 1904, they moved to huge new offices at the top of the street, facing onto North Bridge, designed by Dunn & Findlay (Findlay being the son of the then owner). This huge building had taken three years to build and also had connected printworks on Market Street (now the City Art Centre). The printworks connected below road level direct to Waverley station in a highly efficient production line.

In 1953 the newspaper was bought by Canadian millionaire Roy Thomson who was in the process of building a large media group. The paper was bought in 1995 by David and Frederick Barclay for £85 million. They moved the newspaper from its Edinburgh office on North Bridge, which is now an upmarket hotel, to modern offices in Holyrood Road designed by Edinburgh architects CDA, near the subsequent location of the Scottish Parliament Building. The daily was awarded by the Society for News Design (SND) the World's Best Designed Newspaper for 1994.

In December 2005, The Scotsman along with its sister titles owned by The Scotsman Publications Ltd was acquired, in a £160million deal, by Johnston Press, a company founded in Scotland and at the time one of the top three largest local newspaper publishers in the UK. Ian Stewart has been the editor since June 2012, after a reshuffle of senior management in April 2012 during which John McLellan who was the paper's editor-in-chief was dismissed. Ian Stewart was previously editor of Edinburgh Evening News and remains as the editor of Scotland on Sunday.

In 2012, The Scotsman was named Newspaper of the Year at the Scottish Press Awards.

In 2006 Barclay Brothers sold Barclay House to Irish property magnate Lochlann Quinn, and in 2013 Scottish video games maker Rockstar North, of Grand Theft Auto fame, signed the lease, causing Johnston Press group to move out in June 2014. Johnston Press have downsized to refurbished premises at Orchard Brae House in Queensferry Road, Edinburgh, a move which was quoted as saving the group £1million per annum in rent.

The newspaper backed a 'No' vote in the referendum on Scottish independence.

In November 2018, Johnston Press filed for administration. Shortly after filing for administration, the company was bought out by JPIMedia, a company which was bought by former Daily Mirror exec David Montgomery's new National World group in 2020.

In July 2023 an extra 52 years were added to the archive alongside the previous archives (1951–2002).

Editors

 * 1817: William Ritchie
 * 1817: Charles Maclaren
 * 1818: John Ramsay McCulloch
 * 1843: John Hill Burton (acting)
 * 1846: Alexander Russel
 * 1876: Robert Wallace
 * 1880: Charles Alfred Cooper
 * 1905: John Pettigrew Croal
 * 1924: George A. Waters
 * 1944: James Murray Watson
 * 1955: John Buchanan (acting)
 * 1956: Alastair Dunnett
 * 1972: Eric MacKay
 * 1985: Chris Baur
 * 1988: Magnus Linklater
 * 1994: Andrew Jaspan
 * 1995: James Seaton
 * 1997: Martin Clarke
 * 1998: Alan Ruddock
 * 2000: Tim Luckhurst
 * 2000: Rebecca Hardy
 * 2001: Iain Martin
 * 2004: John McGurk
 * 2006: Mike Gilson
 * 2009: John McLellan
 * 2012: Ian Stewart
 * 2017: Frank O'Donnell
 * 2020: Joy Yates
 * 2021: Neil McIntosh

title: The Scotsman


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Ambon, Maluku

Ambon (formerly Amboina) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Maluku. This city is also known as Ambon Manise, which means "beautiful" or "pretty" Ambon in the Ambonese language. It covers a land area of 359.45 km2, and had a population of 331,254 at the 2010 Census and 347,288 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 354,052. The city is divided into five administrative districts (kecamatan) – namely Nusaniwe, Sirimau, Teluk Ambon (Ambon Bay), Baguala (officially Teluk Ambon Baguala) and Leitimur Selatan (South Leitimur). Known as Indonesia's music city,  Ambon became the first city in Southeast Asia to be recognised as the UNESCO City of Music in 2019.

The city is populated by a mix of ethnic Alifuru (original Moluccans), Javanese, Balinese, Butonese, Bugis, Makassar, Papuan, Minahasa, Minang, Flobamora (Flores, Sumba, Alor and Timor ethnics) and those of foreign descent (Chinese, Arabian-Ambonese, Spanish-Ambonese, German-Ambonese, Portuguese-Ambonese and Dutch-Ambonese). Between 1999 and 2002, there was social unrest motivated by racial intolerance.

Colonial era
Ambon was colonized by Portugal in 1526 and originally named Nossa Senhora de Anunciada, founded by Portuguese-Moluccan Governor Sancho de Vasconcelos. The Portuguese were driven out by the Dutch in 1605. Except for brief periods of British rule, the island remained under Dutch control until Indonesia's independence in 1945.

During the Dutch period, Ambon was the seat of the Dutch resident and military commander of the Maluku Islands. The town was protected by Fort Victoria, and the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica characterized it as "a clean little town with wide streets, well planted". The population was divided into two classes, orang burger (citizens) and orang negri (villagers), the former being a class of native origin enjoying certain privileges conferred on their ancestors by the old Dutch East India Company. There were also, besides the Dutch, some Arabs, Chinese and a few Portuguese settlers. Ambon was a center of Christian missionary activity, and Ambon and the surrounding islands have many Christians as well as the Muslims that predominate in most of Indonesia.

On 22 December 1902, the Apostolic Prefecture of Dutch New Guinea was established in the city, later to be promoted as the Diocese of Amboina.

Ambon Island was the site of a major Dutch naval base and was of strategic importance during WW2. In 1941, Dutch forces with the assistance of Australian forces reinforced Ambon in anticipation of a Japanese attack. Japanese forces attacked Ambon as part of their attack on the Dutch East Indies. Despite formidable defenses, Ambon fell when its defenders surrendered after four days of fighting on 3 February 1942. Following the battle, Japanese forces committed numerous acts of atrocities, including the execution of over 300 Dutch and Australian POWs at Laha airfield.

Conflicts since independence
In 1950 Ambon was the center of an uprising against Indonesian rule, caused by the self-proclaimed Republic of the South Moluccas. Indonesian troops invaded the city during the Invasion of Ambon and reasserted control in just a few months. Many important buildings such as the Victoria Fort (APRMS main base) were heavily damaged during the confrontation.

In April and May 1958 during the Permesta rebellion in North Sulawesi, the USA supported and supplied the rebels. Pilots from a Taiwan-based CIA front organisation, Civil Air Transport, flying CIA B-26 Invader aircraft, repeatedly bombed and machine-gunned targets in and around Ambon. On 27 April a CIA raid set fire to a military command post, a fuel dump and a Royal Dutch Shell complex. The attack on Shell was deliberate: the CIA had orders to hit foreign commercial interests in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and undermine its economy. The next day, the same CIA pilot bombed Shell interests at Balikpapan in East Kalimantan on Borneo, which persuaded Shell to suspend tanker services from there.

On 28 April a CIA air raid damaged an Indonesian Army barracks next to a marketplace. On 30 April a CIA air raid hit the airstrip. On 7 May a CIA air raid attacked Ambon airstrip, seriously damaging a Douglas C-47 Skytrain and an Indonesian Air Force North American P-51 Mustang and setting fire to a number of fuel drums. On 8 May a CIA B-26 tried to bomb an Indonesian Navy gunboat in Ambon harbour. Its bomb missed but it then machine-gunned the boat, wounding two crew. The Indonesian National Armed Forces reinforced Ambon City's anti-aircraft defences with a number of 12.7 mm machine guns. On 9 May a CIA B-26 attacked the city again. The machine-gunners returned fire and an Indonesian Air Force P-51 Mustang chased the B-26, but it escaped.

On 15 May a CIA B-26 attacked a small ship, the Naiko, in Ambon Bay. The Naiko was a merchant ship that the Indonesian Government had pressed into military service, and she was bringing a company of Ambonese troops home from East Java. A CIA bomb hit the Naiko's engine room, killing one crew member and 16 infantrymen and setting the ship on fire. The B-26 then attacked Ambon city, aiming for the barracks. Its first bomb missed and exploded in a market-place next door. The next landed in the barracks compound but bounced and exploded near an ice factory. The B-26 in the May air raids was flown by a CAT pilot called Allen Pope. On 18 May Pope attacked Ambon again. First he raided the airstrip again, destroying the C-47 and P-51 that he had damaged on 7 May. Then he flew west of the city and tried to attack one of a pair of troop ships being escorted by the Indonesian Navy. Indonesian forces shot down the B-26 but Pope and his Indonesian radio operator survived and were captured. Pope's capture immediately exposed the level of CIA support for the Permesta rebellion. Embarrassed, the Eisenhower administration quickly ended CIA support for Permesta and withdrew its agents and remaining aircraft from the conflict.

As part of the transmigration program in the 1980s, the Suharto government relocated many migrants, most of them Muslim, from densely overpopulated Java.

Between 1999 and 2002, Ambon was at the centre of sectarian conflict across the Maluku Islands. There was further religious violence in 2011.

Topography
Most of the land area can be classified as hilly to steeply sloping, while 17% of the land area can be classified as more flat or shallow-sloped.

Climate
Ambon experiences a tropical rainforest climate (Af) according to Köppen Climate Classification as there is no real dry season. The driest month is November with total precipitation of 114 mm, while the wettest month is June with total precipitation of 638 mm. As it is located near the equator, the temperature throughout the year is constant. The hottest month is December, with an average temperature of 27.2 C, while the coolest month is July, with an average temperature 25.0 C.

Administrative districts
The city is divided into five districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their 2010 Census and 2020 Census populations, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 20 urban kelurahan, 20 negari and 10 rural desa), and its post codes.

Notes: (a) comprising 8 kelurahan and 5 negeri. (b) comprising 10 kelurahan, 3 negeri and one desa. (c) comprising 1 kelurahan, 2 negeri and 5 desa. (d) comprising 1 kelurahan, 2 negeri and 4 desa. (e) all negeri.

Like other regions in the (Maluku Islands), areas in Ambon are still considered to have the status of states, led by kings and queens.

Religion
Based on the 2010 census, the city was populated by 331,254 people; in the 2020 Census, this had reached 348,288 people, and the official estimate was 354,052 as at mid 2023. In 2010, the religious breakdown in Ambon was 60.78% Christians (with 58.37% being Protestants and 2.41% Catholics), 39.02% Muslims and 3% others.

Economy
Economic growth rate of Ambon City in 2014 was 5.96%. Gross Domestic Regional Product in 2014 both at current market price and at constant market price was increasing gradually. The increase, if compared to 2013 GDRP at current market price equal to 12.76 percent and 5.96 percent for GDRP at constant market price. The GDRP at current market price in Ambon 2014 was equal to Rp.9.9 trillion, whereas for GDRP at constant 2010 market price, it was equal to Rp.7.77 trillion.

In 2014, the gross domestic product per capita of Ambon based on current prices grew by 8.3 percent, while for the constant price in Ambon City grew by 1.7 percent. GDP per capita of Ambon City in 2014 is 25.16 Million (U $1,836.43). The poverty rate in the city of Ambon is 4.42% which is the smallest percentage of poverty in the province of Maluku.

All twenty one economic sectors in 2014 saw positive growth for GDRP of Ambon. For GDRP at current market price, the highest contribution was provided by the electricity and gas Sector with 34.2 percent, while the lowest was human health and Social Work activities with 6.61 percent.

Education
The literacy rate was 99.63% in 2010. However, the school enrollment rate in Ambon City was only 73% in 2010, whereas the national average was 96%. In 2011, the enrollment rates in Ambon City were 98.72% in the primary education level, 95% in junior high, 78% in high school, and 45% in college or university.

Currently, the city has 17 higher education institutions. These are:

State-owned institutions Private Institutions
 * 1) Pattimura University
 * 2) Ambon State Polytechnic
 * 1) College of Protestant Christianity Ambon
 * 2) Trinity College of Administrative Sciences
 * 3) Abdul Aziz Kataloka College of Administrative Sciences
 * 4) Rutu Nusa College of Economics Management
 * 5) Pasapua College of Health
 * 6) University of Darussalam Ambon
 * 7) Christian University of Indonesia Maluku
 * 8) Maritime Academy Maluku
 * 9) Caritas Secretary and Management Academy
 * 10) Ambon College of Computer Sciences
 * 11) Indonesian Islamic Religion Institute Ambon
 * 12) Industrial Academy ( AKPER RUKMIT ) Ambon
 * 13) Evangelical Theology College Indonesia
 * 14) Bethel Theology College Ambon
 * 15) St. Yohanes College Ambon

Places of interest

 * Merah Putih Bridge
 * Monument of Pattimura, Lapangan Merdeka
 * Monument of Christina Martha Tiahahu, Karang Panjang
 * Pattimura Stadium
 * Ambon Plaza
 * Liang beach
 * Natsepa beach
 * Santai Beach Resort
 * Pintu Kota beach
 * Galala-Poka Ferry crossing
 * Batu Merah
 * Ambon Bay at sunset
 * Museum Siwalima at Batu Capeu
 * Pukul Sapu Dance at Morela and Mamala (after seven days of Muslim's Eid al-Fitri)
 * Siwang Paradise

Transportation
Ambon is served by Pattimura International Airport.

Twin towns – sister cities
Ambon is twinned with:
 * 🇦🇺 Darwin, Australia
 * Vlissingen, Netherlands

title: Ambon, Maluku


text:
User:Netochka

"Never have fun on someone else's account" applies more to the success of Wikipedia than most other things.

title: User:Netochka


text:
Kathryn Tickell

Kathryn Tickell, OBE, DL (born 8 June 1967) is an English musician, noted for playing the Northumbrian smallpipes and fiddle.

Early life
Kathryn Tickell was born in Walsall, to parents who originated from Northumberland and who moved back there from Staffordshire with the family when Kathryn was seven. Her paternal grandfather played accordion, fiddle, and organ. Her father, Mike Tickell, sings and her mother played the concertina. Her first instrument was piano when she was six. A year later, she picked up a set of Northumbrian smallpipes brought home by her father, who intended them for someone else. Frustrated by fiddle and piano, she learned that the pipes rewarded her effort. She was inspired by older musicians such as Willy Taylor, Will Atkinson, Joe Hutton, and Billy Pigg.

Performing and recording
At thirteen, she had gained a reputation from performing in festivals and winning pipe contests. When she was seventeen, she released her first album, On Kielder Side (Saydisc, 1984), which she recorded at her parents' house. During the same year, she was named Official Piper to the Lord Mayor of Newcastle, an office that had been vacant for 13 years, since George Atkinson's appointment for a single year in 1971. She formed the Kathryn Tickell Band, with Karen Tweed on accordion, bass, and Ian Carr on guitar, and released the band's first album in 1991 on Black Crow Records. Later, the band comprised Peter Tickell on fiddle, Julian Sutton on melodeon, and Joss Clapp on guitar. In 2001, the Kathryn Tickell Band was the first band to play traditional folk music at the Promenade Concerts in London.

She recorded with the Penguin Cafe Orchestra when it was led by Simon Jeffes. She met Jeffes while she was in her teens, and he wrote the song "Organum" for her. After Jeffes's death, she played with the Orchestra again over a decade later when it was run by his son, Arthur.

Tickell has also recorded with The Chieftains, The Boys of the Lough, Jon Lord, Jimmy Nail, Linda Thompson, Alan Parsons, and Andy Sheppard. She has performed live with Sting, who is also from Newcastle upon Tyne, and has recorded with him on his albums The Soul Cages (1991), Ten Summoner's Tales (1993), Mercury Falling (1996), Brand New Day, (1999), If on a Winter's Night (2009), and The Last Ship (2013).

Two ex-members of the North East England traditional music group the High Level Ranters have appeared on her albums: Tom Gilfellon on On Kielder Side and Alistair Anderson on Borderlands (1986). The latter album included to a tribute to the Wark football team. Several other pipers have appeared on her albums: Troy Donockley on Debatable Lands, Patrick Molard on The Gathering and Martyn Bennett on Borderlands. Debatable Lands included "Our Kate", a composition by Kathryn Tickell dedicated to Catherine Cookson.

In 2011, she took part in the Sunderland A.F.C. charity Foundation of Light event.

She formed Kathryn Tickell and the Side, with Ruth Wall on Celtic harp, Louisa Tuck on cello, and Amy Thatcher on accordion. The group plays a mixture of traditional and classical music. They released an eponymous album in 2014.

In 2018 Tickell established a new band, Kathryn Tickell & The Darkening, with whom she released the album Hollowbone in 2019. This project signals a different approach, with new material. There is a semi-imaginary incursion into the prehistory of Northumbrian music in the track "Nemesis" based on Roman-era texts and a melody by Emperor Hadrian’s court musician Mesomedes. There is a foray into a world of ancestral shamanism in "O-u-t Spells Out". The album was greeted with critical acclaim, with four-star reviews in The Observer and the Financial Times, as were the band's various national tours in its first two years of existence.

Other projects
In 1987, the early part of her career was chronicled in The Long Tradition, a TV documentary. Kathryn Tickell's Northumbria, another documentary, appeared in 2006. In 1997, Tickell founded the Young Musicians Fund of the Tyne and Wear Foundation to provide money to young people in northeastern England who wanted to learn music. She founded the Festival of the North East and from 2009 to 2013 was the artistic director of Folkworks.

She is also a regular presenter for BBC Radio 3's weekly world music programme Music Planet.

Awards and honours

 * Official Piper for the Lord Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1984
 * Musician of the Year, BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards, 2004, 2013
 * The Queen's Medal for Music, 2009
 * Best Traditional Album, Spiral Earth Awards, Northumbrian Voices
 * Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) Civil Division, 2015
 * Honorary Degree, Open University, 2015
 * Deputy Lieutenant (DL) for the County of Northumberland, 2015
 * Honorary Degree (M.Mus), Durham University, 2017
 * Honorary Degree (D.Mus), Newcastle University, 2019

Discography
Kathryn Tickell
 * On Kielder Side (Saydisc, 1984)
 * Borderlands (Black Crow, 1987)
 * Common Ground (Black Crow, 1988)
 * The Gathering (Park, 1997)
 * Debateable Lands (Park, 2000)
 * Strange But True (2006)
 * Northumbrian Voices (Park, 2012)

Kathryn Tickell & Corrina Hewat
 * The Sky Didn't Fall (Park, 2006)

Kathryn Tickell & Ensemble Mystical
 * Ensemble Mystical (Park, 2001)

Kathryn Tickell & Friends Kathryn Tickell & Peter Tickell
 * The Northumberland Collection (Park, 1998)
 * Water of Tyne (Resilient, 2016)
 * What We Do (Resilient, 2008)

Kathryn Tickell & The Darkening
 * Hollowbone (Resilient, 2019)
 * Cloud Horizons (Resilient, 2023)

Kathryn Tickell & the Side
 * Kathryn Tickell & The Side (Resilient, 2014)

The Kathryn Tickell Band
 * The Kathryn Tickell Band (Black Crow, 1991)
 * Signs (Black Crow, 1993)
 * Air Dancing (Park, 2004)
 * Instrumental (Park, 2007)

With Sting

 * 1991 The Soul Cages
 * 1993 Ten Summoner's Tales
 * 1996 Mercury Falling
 * 1999 Brand New Day
 * 2009 If on a Winter's Night
 * 2013 The Last Ship

With others

 * 1987 Wide Blue Yonder, Oysterband
 * 1991 The Bells of Dublin, The Chieftains
 * 1993 Union Café, Penguin Cafe Orchestra
 * 1993 You Hold the Key, Beth Nielsen Chapman
 * 1995 The Shouting End of Life, Oysterband
 * 2000 Stamping Ground, Rod Clements
 * 2001 "Music for a New Crossing", Andy Sheppard & Kathryn Tickell
 * 2002 Fashionably Late, Linda Thompson
 * 2003 25th Hour, Terence Blanchard
 * 2003 Echo of Hooves, June Tabor
 * 2006 Reunion, Daniel Lapp
 * 2008 Durham Concerto, Jon Lord
 * 2011 A Matter of Life, Penguin Cafe
 * 2012 California 37, Train
 * 2012 Seventeen Summers, Skinny Lister
 * 2013 Wintersmith, Steeleye Span
 * 2016 River Silver, Michel Benita
 * 2019 Djesse Vol. 2, Jacob Collier

title: Kathryn Tickell