text:
Talk:Patrick Swayze

songs
the Young MC song What's The Flava? has a line at the send of the song that goes "I'm Audi. I'm ghost. I'm Swayze." source: the Young MC song What's The Flava? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.240.226.20 (talk) 02:01, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

Archive
Previous content moved to Talk:Patrick Swayze/Archive

Dates
He couldn't possibly have died eight months after january 2008 if he died 15 september 2009, could he? I'm confused about the facts, could somebody else change this? - User:Peter sjoberg —Preceding undated comment added 09:18, 15 September 2009 (UTC).

 * This article is partially locked, so I can't correct the math error. Can someone please fix the line in the opening section that says Swayze was diagnosed with Stage IV pancreatic cancer in January 2008 and died 8 months later?  I don't know when he was actually diagnosed, but there certainly were more than 8 months between diagnosis and death.  Thank you.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.234.73.42 (talk) 10:38, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * He was diagnosed in Jan 2008, announced it publicly Jan 2009 and died eight months later (No, I can't change it either).

--Daniel Macintyre (talk) 10:51, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Most sources state he was diagnosed in January 2008, which was announced by the media later in 2008. Qzm (talk) 10:56, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * 2ND PARAGRAPH, FIRST LINE: STILL NOT CORRECTED FROM JANUARY 2009 TO JANUARY 2008. DOES ANYONE KNOW HOW TO CORRECT IT?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.70.40.17 (talk) 11:12, 15 September 2009 (UTC)
 * why would you say that about patrick swayze 71.31.162.143 (talk) 22:03, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you, whoever corrected the year. Delete the comma after Stage IV pancreatic cancer

as well so that it makes better sense. Two commas are not needed in that sentence. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.70.40.17 (talk) 12:52, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistency - can someone please edit?
In the second paragraph of the introduction, we are told that PS was diagnosed with cancer in Jan 2009, whereas in the paragraph about his illness and death we are told that it was January 2008.

I cannot edit. Could someone please change this? Mrskronster (talk) 11:05, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It is correct as it is, although the wording could perhaps be made clearer. Qzm (talk) 11:30, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It states that he was diagnosed in Jan '08 and died 8 months afterwards, which would make yesterday the first anniversary of his death. He died about twenty months afterwards.  Someone correct this please.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.171.206.112 (talk) 11:38, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It says diagnosed Jan '08, interview a year later, died 8 months after that, which means 8 m after interview. It is correct, but should be more clearly worded. Qzm (talk) 13:27, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Returned to previous wording that was clearer on this point. Tvoz / talk 13:55, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Birth order
Patrick Swayze is not the oldest child. Thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Momlovejoy (talk • contribs) 18:02, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

✅ His sister Vicky was born first. Article improving (talk) 19:08, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Date of death
mistack he died the 15 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.228.153.86 (talk) 20:28, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

 * He died in Los Angeles, it was the 14th there when he died. Article improving (talk) 21:28, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Removal of second paragraph
User:Wesley M. Curtus removed most of the lede, which was later quickly reinstated by another editor. He has now removed it again. His edit summaries both claimed it should be in the illness and death section, but he has not moved any of it, he removed it. It makes the lead far too short and removes all mention of his cancer, which was a major part of his life (public, personal and career) last year and this year. Article improving (talk) 01:02, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

More info needed
Today, a tag was added to the top of the article stating that the lede is not substantial enough; the tag has since been removed, although the lede remains the same. What specific information does anyone think needs to be added to it? Article improving (talk) 16:31, 16 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The second para of the lede is now in the Illness and death section. I believe the lede should mention his final illness at least briefly; it had a major negative impact on his career as well as his life, causing him to have to permanently cease filming The Beast midway through its first season. He also gave interviews in which he talked about his cancer and his condition received a great deal of media coverage during the last year and a half. Article improving (talk) 19:36, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Is his role in Point Break important enough to put in the lede? Article improving (talk) 01:50, 17 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It's lead not lede. Learn to spell. -- Scythre Talk Contribs 19:52, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I think "lead" is better but I can understand why AI would refer to it as "lede". Don't be a dick, S.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.195.231.74 (talk) 15:14, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't think it fair to say that "The Beast" was ill fated!!!! In fact, it had been decided that there would indeed be a second season and it was after that decision was made, that his illness took a turn for the worse and he then could not continue filming.  I had only ever heard good things about the series.**** 70.42.92.126 (talk) 02:44, 18 September 2011 (UTC)Sheryl 9/17/2011

Category:American Christians
Patrick Swayze is linked to this category, but I do not see anything in the article supporting this claim. Could someone come up with some sourced evidence of Swayze's Christian beliefs? Otherwise, could the category tag be removed? It is not very informative, and seems merely speculative at this point. Thank you.

The article clearly states that the Swayze's were Roman Catholics... He also viewed his Buddhism's beliefs as a way to deal with his Father's death... Buddhism is not a Religion is a philosophy.

Gonzalez regimen for cancer treatment
I believe that what was said about the Gonzalez treatment is one sided and should be corrected. In a trails sponsored by the NIH, the survival times for Gonzalez tripled that of conventional treatment. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/10/56072

Find A Grave
Are the Find A Grave links ok, or do they constitute a conflict of interest? They appear to be very consistently added by one user. Mugs Bunny (talk) 19:45, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Forever Lulu
The movie called "Forever Lulu" (2000) has been released on DVD as "Along for the Ride" (2000). Not sure which is the correct title or whether both should be listed. Might have been a renaming/repackaging of movie for sale after Patrick's death. Cannot modify chart as the entire page has been locked. 64.62.104.66 (talk) 20:03, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

High Times Magazine mistake?
I'm reading the December 2009 issue of High Times, and on page 14, there's a mini section about Patrick Swayze smoking marijuana.

Quote:

''A source close to Patrick Swayze told the National Enquirer that medical marijuana is improving the actor's health. Swayze, who is undergoing chemotherapy treatments for pancreatic cancer, says that smoking pot has enabled him to gain weight because it has helped reduce nausea, allowing him to "keep his food down".''

Is it just me or is High Times abit behind on their news? 199.212.27.249 (talk) 22:37, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * THIS WAS A LIE STARTED BY THE NATIONAL ENQUIRER.......AND HIGH TIMES REPEATED IT. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Swayze312 (talk • contribs) 20:54, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Career section: citation needed
Under the "Career" section, the text describes the movie "Ghost" as having "considerable cultural impact". This should be cited, removed or tagged "citation needed". Factosis (talk) 00:42, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It's of minimal relevance here, and should be dealt with in the Ghost article. Accordingly, I've edited to remove that. Rodhull  andemu  01:01, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

Blood Brothers
he was in season 9 episode blood brothers 1981. i dont recall what the name of his character was. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Luderudecrude (talk • contribs) 07:18, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Filmography - SNL
Saturday Night Live should not be on the "Filmography" section - it's a TV show. Agreed? Kvsh5 (talk) 17:04, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

Spelling in introduction
Hello,

I am unable to correct the spelling of the word "cancelled" at the end of the introduction of this article, which has been left as "canceled". Could someone please perform the correction for me? SimonCann (talk) 19:59, 25 February 2010 (UTC)SimonCann 25/02/10

"Canceled" and "cancelled" both work.Mcvmccarty (talk) 03:16, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

Mother
Patsy Swayze's (our mother) name is NOT Patricia.

Don Swayze —Preceding unsigned comment added by Swayze312 (talk • contribs) 20:51, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Under his death it states that he was survived by his LATE mother. Poor wording. It should just say survived by his mother and then perhaps point out (deceased 2013). [meanderer] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.161.188.150 (talk) 21:18, 17 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Changed "late mother" to "mother" and added link to her article. Pointing out in this article that she is now deceased does not seem necessary to me. Kevinsam (talk) 00:53, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

Ethnicity
Is it ever revealed what his ethnicity was? I was curious, as it is stated that his wife's parents came directly from Finland. Thanks in advance. Estheroliver (talk) 04:44, 29 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It seems that it is disputed; see the archive for a discussion on the matter. Jim Michael (talk) 17:37, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Name giving family ancestor Swasey stems from Suffolk County, England — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:45:490E:263:1DF2:2161:D318:BA9A (talk) 14:39, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Edit request from 99.5.105.232, 16 May 2011
You've left out Patrick's sister Bambi. She is an adopted child but shouldn't be left out of her family!

99.5.105.232 (talk) 07:13, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done — Bility (talk) 18:58, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Cultural Impact
"Swayze" was recently used in the song Fastlane by Eminem on his collaboration album released a few days ago (Hell: The Sequel), if anyone is interested in adding that to the list of hip hop songs/artists who've used "Swayze" as a synonym for gone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DeutscherStahl (talk • contribs) 18:59, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

This fact has been included by the time I read this. 3dSurveyor (talk) 09:36, 22 July 2016 (UTC)

Swayze's Role in Happy Days
Patrick Swayze appeared in the 1978 episode of Happy Days, entitled "Richie Gets Framed". Swayze plays the role of Fred Collins, Richie's student council presidental opponent who frames Richie with a photo from a massage parlor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.110.23.183 (talk) 16:11, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Another Series Patrick played in
TV Series - The Renegades - Patrick Swayze played Bandit. Series was on ABC in 1982 and only had 6 episodes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.25.234.21 (talk) 13:56, 9 March 2012 (UTC) He also played in a movie with Barbara Eden in 1981 - Return of the Rebels - he played K.C. Barnes - about a motorcycle gang that gathers together after 25 yrs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.25.234.21 (talk) 14:10, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Smoking comment appropriate?
The statement "Photos taken of a gaunt Swayze in the months before his death showed him continuing to smoke" seems unnecessary, and a bit morbid. I'm guessing its author was intending to showcase the diabolical addictiveness of smoking. However, I feel it doesn't really sell the anti-smoking message as much as it gives a pathetic, helpless picture of a man very near death.

Smoking, while obviously very harmful to one's health, is no longer strongly contraindicated when someone has stage IV pancreatic cancer. No reasonable doctor would tell him he would live much longer if he stopped smoking at that point, given the advanced stage and very low survivability of the disease. Telling someone to stop smoking after they've been diagnosed is like closing the barn after the cows have fled.

Furthermore, stage IV pancreatic cancer patients who smoke find comfort in smoking, and doctors largely encourage all possible comfort measures in diseases with such a poor prognosis. It may sound wrong to the general public, but it's a fairly common attitude in medicine. In light of this, I feel like the statement has a negative implication, and it's my opinion that it should be deleted.Mcvmccarty (talk) 03:38, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * If that were a wikipedia editor's original caption of a photograph, then it would be unencyclopedic editorializing. But that is an accurate one-sentence synopsis of the referenced article, and what the main thrust of the article is about. Seems fine to me. JesseRafe (talk) 04:18, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

Protection?
Why is this article permanently protected while millions of others aren't? The guys been dead since 2009! This seems to be too much about Wikipedian OWN than anything. The BLP tag no longer applies so what it's all about? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.161.151.190 (talk) 11:26, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

Lead
There is this paragraph in the lead "Diagnosed with Stage IV pancreatic cancer in January 2008, Swayze told Barbara Walters a year later that he was "kicking it".[2] However, he died from the disease on September 14, 2009.[3] His last role was the lead in an ill-fated A&E TV series, The Beast, which premiered on January 15, 2009. Due to a prolonged decline in health, Swayze was unable to promote the series, and it was cancelled by June 2009." No other article has something like this in the lead, I don't think. Their deaths you usually have to scroll down to find out about, and a random show they happened to be in at the time wouldn't be in the lead either. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.36.26.164 (talk) 09:35, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 18 November 2012
he fuck b 67.168.143.254 (talk) 04:38, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. I'm assuming you meant to type something else. If so, please try again. Rivertorch (talk) 06:14, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 17 April 2013
In Filmography section, the table that list the movies is off. In 1984, the two movies there have been shifted and they have skewed the table at that area.

12.167.75.11 (talk) 20:54, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done. I rarely mess with tables, but I think I fixed it. It looks all right on my browser now, anyway. Rivertorch (talk) 22:24, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

Brat Pack
The article sourced as him being a member of the Brat Pack has nothing about him being in it, and the wiki Brat Pack page doesn't include him as a member. Unless another source can be found, it should be removed, and if one is found, he should be added to the Brat Pack page. --Stevehim (talk) 15:45, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Done. Livingston 05:45, 12 April 2015 (UTC)

Edit request on 20 September 2013 Patrick Swayze added movie
Patrick Swayze was also In a popular movie with Wesley Snipes as a drag queen called "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar" In 1995. three New York drag queens who embark on a road trip. The film's title refers to a totemic autographed photo of Julie Newmar that the trio carries with them on their journey. "Regardless of his natural, rugged handsomeness, Patrick Swayze embodied the soul of a woman, better than any other on this list. Although he was an attractive female, he was not the most externally convincing woman; however, his performance got him on this list. His character showed a sweet, womanly sister-ship love and maternal nature, and this made him one of the truest women “on the inside” as well as on the outside. He personified the strength of self-esteem and the gentleness and kindness of a real woman. He made a beautiful woman, inside and out."

50.93.92.101 (talk) 01:17, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: It's already in the list at Patrick_Swayze.   RudolfRed (talk) 03:38, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

Also found it surprising that this hit movie and great success is not even mentioned in the text on career: he got lot of praise for this part. Do the 'managers' of this page find this career move embarrasing or unimportant? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.118.19.199 (talk) 10:56, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Teen idol?
The introduction says Swayze was a teen idol. Surely he was too old, as he was in his mid-30s when he became very successful. (ColmMcCrory (talk) 21:48, 13 September 2014 (UTC))
 * facepalm. Murry1975 (talk) 17:45, 14 September 2014 (UTC)

I understand your point but look at the teen idol article it says "A teen idol is a celebrity with a large teenage fan-base. Teen idols are generally young but not necessarily teenaged." There is no doubt he had a huge teen fan base because of his roles. Kap 7 (talk) 02:21, 26 July 2015 (UTC)

As the other 2 posters already noted, one does not need to be a teenager to become a teen idol. One needs to be a fan favourite of teenagers, to become one. Patrick Swayze definitely fitted the bill, because after his success with Dirty Dancing, a lot of teenaged girls developed huge crushes on him, fantasizing that they were the ones who were dancing with him, in that final movie scene.--Splashen (talk) 16:27, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

oddly placed sentence
"For his contributions to the film industry, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997" is under the illness and death section. Shouldn't it be placed somewhere else in the article? Kap 7 (talk) 01:19, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

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"Road House" in "Young Sheldon"
In an episode of the "Young Sheldon" sitcom, released 12 November, 2020, "A Docent, A Little Lady and a Bouncer Named Dalton", Mary's "guilty pleasure" is watching the movie "Road House" in which Swayze starred. She also realizes that her oldest son, Georgie, looks a lot like Swayze.

Michael Hurwicz (talk) 04:47, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

Son
He has a son proven by DNA. From his 20s. 47.187.98.116 (talk) 00:32, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Is there a WP:RS covering this at all? LizardJr8 (talk) 22:07, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/celebrity-biographies/435562-who-patrick-swayzes-son-everything-know/ ThumperDelta (talk) 22:51, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

Horses
Why isn’t there anything I hear about his Arabian horses? An important part of his life… 2600:1007:B036:B123:8015:3234:C922:F275 (talk) 22:34, 8 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patrick Swayze


text:
Baseball Writers' Association of America

The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) is a professional association for journalists writing about Major League Baseball for daily newspapers, magazines, and qualifying websites. The organization was founded in 1908 and is known for its annual awards and voting on membership in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Early years
The BBWAA was founded on October 14, 1908, to improve working conditions for sportswriters in the early part of the 20th century; It also sought to promote uniformity of scoring methods, and to professionalize the press box, such that access was limited only to working reporters, telegraphers, and others who had a reason to be there.

The organization began with 43 founding members. They included Joe S. Jackson, who became the association's first president. At that time, Jackson was the sporting editor (today called sports editor) of the Detroit Free Press. Also selected as officers were Irving E. Sanborn of the Chicago Tribune, syndicated columnist Hugh Fullerton, and The Boston Globe baseball writer Tim Murnane. A second meeting was held in New York City in December; Sanborn decided he could not serve as an officer at that time, and he was replaced by William Weart of the Philadelphia Times. The slate of officers was ratified, and anyone who wrote about baseball in major league cities was eligible for membership. This policy changed, however, in December 1913, at which time it was decided that minor-league baseball writers could also become members. Then, Jackson became a dominant force in the early years of the baseball writers, being elected as president of the association during nine consecutive terms.

Jackson finally retired in 1919, while Sanborn returned to assume the position of president. After that, Jackson became a member of the BBWAA Board of Directors.

Mission
The organization's primary function is to work with Major League Baseball and individual teams to assure clubhouse and press-box access for BBWAA members. In addition, BBWAA members also elect players to the National Baseball Hall of Fame, which is the organization's most public function. All writers with 10 continuous years of membership in the BBWAA, plus active BBWAA membership at any time in the preceding 10 years, are eligible to vote for the Hall of Fame. The BBWAA also votes annually for the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Most Valuable Player Award, Cy Young Award, Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award, and Manager of the Year Award in each of the two major leagues. The Hall of Fame also empowers the BBWAA's Historical Overview Committee, made up of 11 or 12 veteran BBWAA members, to formulate the annual ballot for the Veterans Committee.

Considering the ready availability of television broadcasts for the majority of baseball games, plus instant access to information through the Internet, some have called into question why the BBWAA has not broadened its membership rules to include broadcasters and researchers. (Similar arguments were made for the inclusion of Web-based journalists, before the BBWAA added Web writers to its ranks in December 2007.)

Others have openly questioned why the BBWAA is involved in the award and Hall of Fame voting processes at all, citing in some cases journalistic integrity and the need to remain unbiased in their coverage of newsworthy events.

Voting
The BBWAA's most public function is to annually vote on candidates for the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

In addition, the BBWAA is responsible for voting on several annual awards in each major league which are presented annually at the New York chapter's dinner:
 * Most Valuable Player Award (one for each league)
 * Cy Young Award (one for each league)
 * Rookie of the Year Award (one for each league)
 * Manager of the Year Award (one for each league)

In or about 2000, the BBWAA took over the voting responsibility for the Edgar Martínez Award, given each year to the outstanding designated hitter in the American League.

From 1953 to 1962, the BBWAA presented a "Sophomore of the Year Award" in each league.

In 1997, a 36-member BBWAA panel selected the Major League Baseball All-Time Team.

BBWAA Career Excellence Award
The annual BBWAA Career Excellence Award is the highest award given by the BBWAA. First awarded in 1962 to J. G. Taylor Spink, longtime publisher of The Sporting News, it was named the J. G. Taylor Spink Award until adopting its current name in February 2021. It has been awarded annually for "meritorious contributions to baseball writing", except for one year during the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike. Recipients are not considered members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame but are permanently recognized in an exhibit at the Hall's library.

Chapter awards
For information about the chapter and its presiding officer, see footnote and Red Foley (past chairman).

New York chapter

 * Babe Ruth Award – postseason MVP since 2007; previously awarded to the best postseason performer of the World Series from 1949 to 2006.
 * Willie, Mickey and the Duke Award – to a group of players forever linked in baseball history.
 * Joe DiMaggio "Toast of the Town" Award – for a player who has become a New York favorite.
 * Arthur and Milton Richman "You Gotta Have Heart" Award – presented to a member of the baseball community who has overcome difficult circumstances.
 * Sid Mercer–Dick Young Player of the Year Award – presented to the best player on either the Yankees or Mets.
 * Casey Stengel "You Can Look It Up" Award – presented to someone never previously honored by the chapter, usually to recognize a career achievement.
 * Joan Payson/Shannon Forde Award (formerly the Joan Payson Award, until 2016) – for excellence in community service.
 * Ben Epstein–Dan Castellano "Good Guy" Award – presented to a baseball person, often a New York player, for their candor and accessibility to writers.
 * William J. Slocum–Jack Lang Award – for long and meritorious service; usually presented to a recently retired player, media personality, or executive.

Other chapters

 * Cincinnati: Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame (voting by Cincinnati chapter since 1998)
 * Cincinnati: Ernie Lombardi Award (team MVP)
 * Cincinnati: Team Pitcher of the Year
 * Cleveland: Bob Feller Man of the Year Award (player or other team personnel) (since 1946)
 * Cleveland: Frank Gibbons-Steve Olin Good Guy Award (since 1968)
 * Detroit: Tiger of the Year (since 1965)
 * Houston: Darryl Kile Good Guy Award (since 2003)
 * Minnesota:
 * Montreal: Montreal Expos Player of the Year (discontinued in 2004)
 * Philadelphia: Most Valuable Player, Most Valuable Pitcher, Special Achievement, Good Guy Award, and Charlie Manuel Award for Service and Passion to Baseball (since 2004)
 * St. Louis: Darryl Kile Good Guy Award (since 2003)
 * Toronto: Neil MacCarl Award (since 1977)
 * Note: The MLB Rookie of the Year Award was established by the Chicago chapter in 1940 and was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award (after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s). In 1947, the award became an official MLB award (voted on by the national BBWAA), with Jackie Robinson as its first recipient. In July 1987, the award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award (see, above).

Presidents
For a list of presidents and secretaries from 1908 to the present, see footnote During the 2012 World Series, the Association elected its first female president, Susan Slusser, of the San Francisco Chronicle.

List of members
Names of members are followed by the name of the organization for whom they write.

Through the 2000s, writers for The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Baltimore Sun said that they were no longer permitted by their employers to vote for the organization's awards. The New York Times said in 2021 that their writers have been prohibited from participating in any awards-giving body since 1989, under the rationale that "journalists should report the news, not help make it". The Los Angeles Times has a similar policy, though it appears to be negotiable.

 * J. A. Adande, ESPN.com, formerly the Los Angeles Times
 * Dave Albee, Marin Independent Journal
 * Jim Alexander, The Press-Enterprise
 * Dom Amore, Hartford Courant
 * Mel Antonen, USA Today
 * Nancy Armour, Associated Press
 * Phil Arvia, SouthtownStar
 * Steve Aschburner, Honorary
 * Andrew Baggarly, Bay Area News Group
 * Geoff Baker, The Seattle Times
 * Bill Ballou, Telegram & Gazette of Worcester
 * Mike Bass, St. Paul Pioneer Press
 * Mike Bauman, MLB.com
 * Jon Becker, Bay Area News Group
 * Ira Berkow, The New York Times
 * Rob Biertempfel, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
 * Jeff Blair, The Globe and Mail
 * Barry Bloom, MLB.com
 * Ron Blum, Associated Press
 * Paul Bodi, MLB.com
 * Hal Bodley, USA Today
 * Thomas Boswell, The Washington Post (non-voting member)
 * Peter Botte, NY Daily News
 * Ed Bouchette, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Mark Bradley, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 * Marcos Breton, Sacramento Bee
 * Steve Buckley, Boston Herald
 * Don Burke, Newark Star-Ledger
 * Dave Cameron, Fangraphs
 * Mark Camps, Honorary
 * John Canzano, The Oregonian
 * Jim Caple, ESPN
 * Pat Caputo, Oakland Press
 * Sam Carchidi, The Philadelphia Inquirer
 * Marc Carig, New Jersey Star Ledger
 * Will Carroll, Bleacher Report
 * Bill Center, U-T San Diego
 * Murray Chass, www.murraychass.com
 * Ron Chimelis, The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)
 * Joe Christensen, Minneapolis Star Tribune
 * Bill Christine, Honorary
 * Carson Cistulli, Fangraphs
 * Frank Clines, Honorary
 * Gene Collier, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Ron Cook, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Joe Cowley, Chicago Sun-Times
 * Jerry Crasnick, ESPN
 * Dave Cunningham, Honorary
 * Ken Daley, Honorary
 * Art Davidson, The MetroWest Daily News
 * Jose de Jesus Ortiz, Houston Chronicle
 * Tony DeMarco, Honorary
 * Steve Dilbeck, Los Angeles Daily News
 * Mike Dodd, USA Today
 * Mike Downey, retired
 * Paul Doyle, Hartford Courant
 * Rich Draper, MLB.com
 * Josh Dubow, Associated Press
 * Mike Dyer, Long Island Press, retired
 * Gordon Edes, ESPN
 * Bob Elliott, Toronto Sun
 * John Erardi, The Cincinnati Enquirer
 * Mark Faller, The Arizona Republic
 * Mark Feinsand, The Daily News
 * Ken Fidlin, Toronto Sun
 * Mike Fine, Honorary
 * John R. Finger, CSNPhilly.com
 * Jeffrey Flanagan, MLB.com
 * Sean Forman, Sports Reference LLC
 * Gerry Fraley, The Dallas Morning News
 * Tom Gage, The Detroit News
 * Peter Gammons, MLB Network
 * Ben Goessling, MASN
 * Jimmy Golen, Associated Press
 * Mark Gonzalez, Chicago Tribune
 * Derrick Goold, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
 * Evan Grant, The Dallas Morning News
 * Jerry Green, The Detroit News
 * Ken Gurnick, MLB.com
 * Paul Hagen, MLB.com
 * Jim Hawkins, The Oakland Press,
 * Joe Henderson, Tampa Tribune,
 * Lynn Henning, The Detroit News
 * Jon Heyman, Sports Illustrated
 * Jeff Horrigan, Boston Herald
 * Garry D. Howard, Sporting News
 * Paul Hoynes, The Plain Dealer
 * Rick Hummel, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
 * Bob Hunter, Columbus Dispatch
 * Bruce Jenkins, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Chuck Johnson, USA Today
 * Richard Justice, Houston Chronicle
 * Dick Kaegel, MLB.com
 * Christina Kahrl, Baseball Prospectus
 * Tyler Kepner, The New York Times
 * Ann Killion, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Bob Klapisch, ESPN
 * Mike Klis, The Denver Post
 * Gwen Knapp, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Michael Knisley, ESPN
 * Steven Krasner, The Providence Journal
 * Doug Krikorian, Long Beach Press-Telegram
 * Tim Kurkjian, ESPN
 * Paul Ladewski, Chicago Baseball Museum
 * Keith Law, ESPN
 * Mike Lefkow, Contra Costa Times
 * Bill Livingston, The Plain Dealer
 * Seth Livingstone, USA Today
 * Bill Madden, New York Daily News
 * Tony Massarotti, ''The Boston Globe
 * Sean McAdam, CSNNE
 * Hal McCoy, Dayton Daily News
 * Dan McGrath, Chicago Tribune
 * Leo Macdonell, ''Detroit Times'
 * Paul Meyer, ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Bernie Miklasz, ESPN Radio
 * Scott Miller, CBS Sportsline
 * Larry Milson, The Globe and Mail
 * Jim Molony, MLB.com
 * Robert Morales, Los Angeles Daily News
 * Ernest Moreno, MLB.com
 * Carrie Muskat, MLB.com
 * La Velle E. Neale III, Minneapolis Star Tribune Past President of BBWAA
 * Mark Newman, MLB.com<ref name="autogenerated1"/]
 * Rob Neyer, ESPN
 * Lisa Nehus Saxon, retired"
 * Bob Nightengale, USA Today
 * Marty Noble, MLB.com
 * David O'Brien, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 * Sheldon Ocker, Akron Beacon Journal
 * Jack O'Connell, BBWAA
 * Dave O'Hara, retired
 * Buster Olney, ESPN
 * Woody Paige, The Denver Post
 * Rob Parker, The Detroit News
 * Jeff Peek, Traverse City Record-Eagle
 * John Perrotto, Beaver County Times
 * Mike Peticca, The Plain Dealer
 * Bill Plaschke, Los Angeles Times (non-voting member)
 * Terry Pluto, The Plain Dealer
 * Joe Posnanski, The Kansas City Star
 * Ray Ratto, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Tracy Ringolsby, Rocky Mountain News
 * Lawrence "Larry" Rocca, Honorary
 * Juan C. Rodriguez, Sun-Sentinel
 * Phil Rogers, ESPN
 * Bob Rosen, Elias Sports Bureau
 * Ken Rosenthal, The Athletic
 * Roger Rubin, New York Daily News
 * Jim Salisbury, CSNPhilly.com, formerly The Philadelphia Inquirer
 * Peter Schmuck, The Baltimore Sun (non-voting member); elected President of the BBWAA in 2005.
 * Alan Schwarz, Baseball America
 * Chaz Scoggins, The Sun of Lowell
 * Dan Shaughnessy, The Boston Globe
 * Bud Shaw, The Plain Dealer
 * John Shea, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Joel Sherman, New York Post
 * Susan Slusser, San Francisco Chronicle
 * Claire Smith, ESPN
 * Bob Smizik, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Jim Souhan, Star Tribune (Minneapolis)
 * Lyle Spencer, MLB.com
 * Jayson Stark, ESPN
 * Kit Stier, The Journal News
 * Larry Stone, The Seattle Times
 * Jim Street, MLB.com
 * Paul Sullivan, Chicago Tribune
 * T.R. Sullivan, MLB.com
 * Dave van Dyck, Chicago Tribune
 * Juan Vene, VIP Wire
 * Tom Verducci, Sports Illustrated
 * Tadashi Watanabe, Kyodo News
 * Tom Withers, Associated Press
 * Mark Zuckerman, Nats Insider, CSNwashington.com

Web membership
In 2007, the BBWAA opened its membership to web-based writers employed on a full-time basis by "websites that are credentialed by MLB for post-season coverage."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Robin Corbett, Baron Corbett of Castle Vale

Robin Corbett, Baron Corbett of Castle Vale (22 December 1933 – 19 February 2012) was a British Labour Party politician and journalist.

Corbett sat in the House of Commons from 1974 to 1979 and then from 1983 to 2001, before being elevated to the House of Lords as a Life Peer.

Early life
Corbett was born at Fremantle, Western Australia, to Marguerite Adele (née Mainwaring) and Thomas William Corbett. His folks had recently moved to Australia from England. His dad, working in a foundry and being a mechanical engineer, was a fervent union supporter. His active participation in some protests led to his and his family's deportation back to England in 1935.They resettled in West Bromwich, and Corbett attended Holly Lodge Grammar School in Smethwick, leaving at the age of sixteen. He was called up for two years' national service in the Royal Air Force in 1951. After completing his national service he became a journalist, first for the Birmingham Evening Mail and then for the Daily Mirror. In 1968 he became deputy editor of Farmer's Weekly, then worked for IPC Magazines in 1970, where he stayed until his election to parliament in 1974.

Parliamentary career
Corbett first stood for Parliament at Hemel Hempstead in 1966, and then in a 1967 by-election at West Derbyshire, but was unsuccessful at both attempts.

He was elected Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Hemel Hempstead at the October 1974 general election, but he lost the seat at the general election in 1979. He then returned to IPC Magazines, working as a communications consultant until he returned to parliament in the 1983 general election, representing Birmingham Erdington. He held this seat until retiring from the House of Commons at the 2001 general election, when Siôn Simon succeeded him as Labour Member of Parliament for Birmingham Erdington.

In the House of Commons, Corbett served as Opposition Spokesman for Home Affairs (1979–1992), then for National Heritage, Broadcasting and Press until 1995. He was a Labour Party Whip from 1984 until 1987, and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1999 to 2001. His Private Member's Bill, still law today, granted lifetime anonymity for rape victims in court and media.

House of Lords
Created a Life Peer as Baron Corbett of Castle Vale, of Erdington in the County of West Midlands, on 5 July 2001, his political interests included Home Office, police, civil liberties, the motor industry, manufacturing, disability, children's rights, alternative energy, environment, agriculture, animal welfare, and the press and broadcasting. He was Chairman of the All Party Penal Affairs Group, a parliamentary organisation clerked by the Prison Reform Trust, and a Patron of the Forum on Prisoner Education and UNLOCK, The National Association of Ex-Offenders. He was chairman of the all-party British Parliamentary Committee for Iran Freedom and Chairman of Friends of Cyprus.

Lord Corbett was a vice-president of the Debating Group.

Family
Married to Val Hudson in 1970, they had one daughter, Polly Hudson, a columnist for the Daily Mirror. Lord Corbett also had a daughter and a son from a previous marriage.

Death
Corbett died of lung cancer at his home in Hemel Hempstead on 19 February 2012, aged 78.

Robin Corbett Award
Following Lord Corbett's death in February 2012 and his lifelong interest in prisoners 'learning through doing', his family established a lasting memorial to his work in penal reform. The Robin Corbett Award for Prisoner Rehabilitation was launched in 2013 with the Prison Reform Trust as prisoner rehabilitation legacy.

The Robin Corbett Award funds £10,000 annually to three charities who do the most for prisoner reintegration. The presentation takes place at the House of Lords. Unless ex-offenders are steered in the right direction after release, around 50% will re-offend within two years – that figure plummets to 19% when they have a job. Yet only 12% of firms employ people with criminal convictions who have served their time and need to change direction. www.robincorbettaward.co.uk

3 This led to The Corbett Network, a coalition of over 90 decision-makers of charities, social enterprises and organisations involved in reintegration working together to persuade more firms to hire returning citizens. The videos we produced - view them on the website - has the same aim. www.thecorbettnetwork.com

On 11 February 2019 the Corbett Centre for Prisoner Reintegration opened in the centre of Nottingham, operated by the charity Safer Living Foundation. The centre aims to reducing reoffending by supporting ex-prisoners to reintegrate into society.


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Bumper pool

Bumper pool is a cue sport played on a rectangular (or sometimes octagonal) table fitted with two pockets and an array of fixed cushioned obstacles, called bumpers, within the interior of the table surface.

Table
Typically, bumper pool tables are smaller than a regulation pool table. The table has two pockets, placed opposite one another, located at the center of two of the rails. The surface of the table has the same cloth covering as a standard pool table.

Two bumpers flank each pocket. The remaining bumpers are arranged in a cross in the center of the table, with one line of the cross in line with the pockets. At the center of the cross, there is an open space just large enough to allow a ball to pass through. Most tables have eight bumpers in the cross, with two comprising each arm, though additional pairs of bumpers may be included in the cross.

Gameplay
The game is played with 5 red and 5 white billiard balls, with one ball in each set marked. At the start of play, each set of balls is arranged on five spots near each edge of the table by a pocket with the marked ball placed directly in front of the pocket. The object is for a player to sink all of their balls into their pocket at the opposite end of the table. The player's marked ball must be sunk before the player can shoot any other balls. Unlike most other billiard games, there is no designated cue ball; any ball may be shot directly with the cue stick, including into a pocket, rather than the more common rule that a cue ball must be hit into the intended ball.

To begin play, both players shoot their marked ball simultaneously, banking the ball off the cushion to their right and attempting to sink their ball in their pocket at the other end of the table. If both players sink their first shot they each select another ball, place it in front of their opponent's pocket and repeat the simultaneous shot. If both players successfully sink all five of their balls in this fashion the game ends in a draw.

If, on the initial simultaneous shot, one player fails to sink their marked ball in the pocket, the player who successfully sank a ball or who came closest to their own pocket shoots next. A player's turn continues until he or she fails to sink a ball.

When a player sinks all five balls in the target pocket without interruption of their sequence of play, it is referred to as a 'perfect game'.

Fouls
If a player sinks one of the opponent's balls there is no penalty. However, the ball is considered sunk regardless of which pocket it drops in. If a player sinks one of their own balls (but not the last) in the wrong pocket, the opponent may drop two of their own balls into their pocket. A player sinking their last ball in the wrong pocket loses the game. If a player causes a ball to leave the table, their opponent may place that ball anywhere on the table (usually in the middle space surrounded by bumpers) and may (depending on local custom ) drop two of their balls into their pocket. are not permitted in bumper pool.

title: Bumper pool


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Edward M. Kennedy Jr.

Edward Moore Kennedy Jr. (born September 26, 1961) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a partner at Epstein Becker & Green, a firm headquartered in New York City, and previously represented Connecticut's 12th State Senate district in the Connecticut State Senate from 2015 to 2019. He is a son of Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy Sr. from Massachusetts and a nephew of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

Early life and education
Kennedy was born in the Brighton section of Boston, Massachusetts to U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy and Joan Bennett Kennedy during the presidency of his paternal uncle, John. He is the brother of Kara (1960–2011) and Patrick J. Kennedy (born 1967).

In 1973, when Kennedy was twelve, osteosarcoma (a form of bone cancer) was diagnosed in his right leg. The leg was surgically amputated on November 17, 1973. On that same day, his father had escorted his niece Kathleen down the aisle at her wedding and rushed back to the hospital. A made-for-TV movie, The Ted Kennedy Jr. Story (1986), concentrated on this event in young Kennedy's life.

In 1982, his mother, Joan, revealed that Kennedy missed by just ten minutes being aboard Air Florida Flight 90, which crashed into the Potomac River on January 13 of that year, killing 74 people. Kennedy was delayed on the drive to the airport and missed the flight.

Kennedy graduated from the private St. Albans School, in Washington, D.C. After completing a Bachelor of Arts degree at Wesleyan University in 1984, he continued his studies at Yale University, earning a master's degree from the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. He then attended the University of Connecticut School of Law at night, earning a Juris Doctor degree. On May 19, 2013, Kennedy received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of New Haven.

Career
After graduation he worked at the New Haven law firm Wiggin & Dana specializing in disability issues. He later co-founded and served as president of the Marwood Group, a firm that advises corporations about health care and financial services. He left the Marwood Group in 2014 to join the law firm of Epstein Becker & Green where he advises health care providers, commercial insurers, and life science companies on critical issues related to health care reform policies.

Kennedy is the Chairman of the board of directors of the American Association of People with Disabilities.

Political career
On April 8, 2014, Kennedy announced his candidacy for a seat in the Connecticut State Senate representing the state's 12th district. He was elected on November 4. He was re-elected on November 8, 2016. In both election cycles, Kennedy defeated Bruce Wilson Jr.

On June 26, 2017, Kennedy announced that he would not run for Governor of Connecticut in 2018. On February 28, 2018, Kennedy announced he would not seek re-election to the State Senate. On November 6, 2018, Democrat Christine Cohen won the general election to replace Kennedy after defeating Republican Adam Greenberg. She was later sworn in on January 9, 2019.

State Senate
Kennedy was first sworn in to serve in the Connecticut State Senate on January 7, 2015.

Committee assignments Party leadership
 * Committee on the Environment (Senate Co-chair)
 * Committee on Internship (Ranking Member)
 * Committee on Public Health
 * Committee on Transportation
 * Deputy Majority Leader

Personal life
On October 10, 1993, Kennedy married Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman (born 1959) on Block Island, Rhode Island. She is an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and an environmental advocate. She serves as spokeswoman for Stop the Pipeline, which successfully blocked the Islander East natural gas pipeline across the Long Island Sound. They live in Branford, Connecticut.

The couple have a daughter, Kiley Rose Kennedy (born August 7, 1994, in New Haven), a competitive snowboarder who graduated from Wesleyan University in 2016, and a son, Edward Moore Kennedy III (born February 26, 1998, in New Haven), who graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall in 2016 and from Wesleyan University in 2020.

Kennedy gave a tribute to his father at his father's public funeral on August 29, 2009.

title: Edward M. Kennedy Jr.


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False cleanerfish

The false cleanerfish (Aspidontus taeniatus) is a species of combtooth blenny, a mimic that copies both the dance and appearance of Labroides dimidiatus (the bluestreak cleaner wrasse), a similarly colored species of cleaner wrasse. It likely mimics that species to avoid predation, as well as to occasionally bite the fins of its victims rather than consume parasites. Most veiled attacks occur on juvenile fish, as adults that have been attacked in the past may avoid or even attack A. taeniatus.

It is indigenous to coral reef habitats in the Indo-Pacific.

Appearance
The false cleanerfish primarily lives in coral reef margins among the cleaning stations of the bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus), and are usually seen near locations of one or more L. dimidiatus.  With its territory primarily overlapping with its model fish, the false cleanerfish mimics both the appearance and occasionally the behavior of said fish. Though A. taeniatus is typically known to exhibit the characteristic black stripe and blue body and general body shape and structure of L. dimidiatus, some individuals have been witnessed to mimic the appearance of other reef fish, as well as atypically colored cleaner wrasses that live in the same territory.

Juvenile A. taeniatus fish match the appearance of juvenile L. dimidiatus (black body, blue dorsal stripe), and continue to match the coloration of cleaner wrasses of the same size throughout growth. It is not known whether the false cleanerfish adopts a permanent color pattern or if it alters its coloration to mimic the appearance of neighboring cleaner wrasses.

One major difference in appearance between the false cleanerfish and its model is the location of the mouth. A. taeniatus has an underslung mouth, whereas L. dimidiatus has its mouth in the terminal position. Additionally, the false cleanerfish has a small set of teeth on the upper mandible, as well as enormous canines that protrude from its lower jaw and fit into sockets laterally on the roof of its mouth.

Cheating behaviour
The false cleanerfish has been observed to mimic the unusual “dance” of the bluestreak cleaner wrasse by spreading its caudal fin and oscillating its posterior end up and down. By doing so, the false cleanerfish elicits the same posing behavior in client fish, similarly to L. dimidiatus. Occasionally, however, rather than feeding on ectoparasites like the cleaner wrasse, the false cleanerfish will attack and attempt (and sometimes succeed) at tearing away portions of fin from the client fish. This typically occurs and is most successful with juvenile client fish, as adults have been evidenced to avoid or even indiscriminately attack cleanerfish, suggesting adult client fish remember being attacked. Also, evidence indicates adult fish are able to distinguish between L. dimidiatus and A. taeniatus, and thus avoid it altogether.

Evolutionary basis
Though A. taeniatus mimics L. dimidiatus in color, morphology, and mode of swimming, the false cleanerfish cheats much less often than initially reported. The stomach contents of A. taeniatus consist primarily of the demersal eggs of fishes and the tentacles of tube worms, with a relatively small portion of fish fins, or ectoparasites —the primary stomach contents of L. dimidiatus. Additionally, close observation of A. taeniatus has shown them to only attack posing clients at a rate of about 20%.

The primary reason for the false cleanerfish's mimicry is suggested to be not to cheat and feed on the flesh of client fish, but to avoid predation by those fish that do not prey on L. dimidiatus. Aggressive mimicry typically results in the complete consumption of prey by a mimic predator (such as anglerfish), or partial consumption of prey by an unattractive mimic. In both cases, the host fish can rarely or never learn the disguise of the mimic; the fact that A. taeniatus can be easily identified by client fish helps to dispel the notion that it is primarily an aggressive mimic. Groupers raised in captivity do not attack L. dimidiatus, while they do consume all other noncleanerfish on sight. Furthermore, false cleanerfish inflict a higher cost on their models and cleaning stations when cheating, as client fish are more likely to behave aggressively or avoid cleaning stations altogether if they are consistently attacked.

However, there is evidence of geographical variation on the benefits obtained by the mimicry: whereas in the Red Sea and the Great Barrier Reef foraging on tube worms or substrate was more common than attacks by mimics, in French Polynesia and Indonesia false cleanerfish (especially juveniles) fed on client fish tissue more commonly than other food sources. An alternate reason for the mimicry behavior of A. taeniatus is to deceive egg-caring fishes so to more easily gain access to their eggs; however, little evidence favors this possibility.

The evolution of A. taeniatus to mimic L. dimidiatus has been used as evidence for the strong selection of client fish that do not attack their cleaners, or cheat and consume their cleaners after cleaning. Furthermore, the behavior of A. taeniatus mimicking L. dimidiatus in a largely nonaggressive way supports the hypothesis of the evolution of reciprocally altruistic behavior.

title: False cleanerfish


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Panamanian white-faced capuchin

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin (Cebus imitator), also known as the Panamanian white-headed capuchin or Central American white-faced capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. Native to the forests of Central America, the white-faced capuchin is important to rainforest ecology for its role in dispersing seeds and pollen.

Among the best known monkeys, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin is recognized as the typical companion to the organ grinder. In recent years the species has become popular in American media, particularly in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. It is a highly intelligent monkey and has been trained to assist paraplegic persons. It is a medium-sized monkey, weighing up to 3.9 kg. It is mostly black, but with a pink face and white on much of the front part of the body, giving it its common name. It has a distinctive prehensile tail that is often carried coiled up and is used to help support the monkey when it is feeding beneath a branch.

In the wild, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin is versatile, living in many different types of forest, and eating many different types of food, including fruit, other plant material, invertebrates, and small vertebrates. It lives in troops that can exceed 20 animals and include both males and females. It is noted for its tool use, including rubbing plants over its body in an apparent use of herbal medicine, and also using tools as weapons and for getting to food. It is a long-lived monkey, with a maximum recorded age of over 54 years.

Panamanian white-faced capuchins are highly social, living in groups of 16 individuals on average, about three quarters of which are females. Groups consists of related females, immigrant males, and offspring. On average, females birth offspring every 27 months even though they mate throughout the year. Females tend to stay within their original group while males leave their natal group when they are 4 years old and change groups every 4 years after. Both male and female capuchins exhibit different dominance behaviors within the group.

Taxonomy
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is a member of the family Cebidae, the family of New World monkeys containing capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. Until the 21st century the Panamanian white-faced capuchin was considered conspecific with Cebus capucinus, the Colombian white-faced capuchin, but as a separate subspecies C. capucinus imitator. Some primatologists continue to consider the Panamanian and Colombian white-faced capuchins as a single species. It is a member of the C. capucinus species group within the genus Cebus which also includes the Colombian white-faced capuchin, white-fronted capuchin, the weeper capuchin and the Kaapori capuchin. This genus is also referred to as "gracile" capuchins.

In 2012 a study by Boubli, et al. demonstrated that C. imitator and C. capucinus split up to 2 million years ago. Boubli's study also indicated that the Honduran white-faced capuchins, which had previously been considered a to be a possible separate subspecies, C. capucinus limitaneus, was not genetically distinct from the Panamanian white-faced capuchin.

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is the most well-studied capuchin monkey species. Even though many previous studies were performed using the scientific name C. capucinus, as of 2014 there had been no field studies of the Colombian white-faced capuchin, so all these studies were of the Panamanian white-faced capuchin.

Physical description
Like other monkeys in the genus Cebus, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin is named after the order of Capuchin friars – the cowls of these friars closely resemble the monkey's head coloration. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin has mostly black fur, with white to yellow like fur on the neck, throat, chest, shoulders, and upper arms. The face is pink or a white-cream color and may have identifying marks such as dark brows or dark fur patches. An area of black fur on the crown of the head is distinctive. It has a prehensile tail that is often held coiled, giving the white-faced capuchins the nickname "ringtail".

Adults reach a length of between 335 and 453 mm, excluding tail, and a weight of up to 3.9 kg. The tail is longer than the body, at up to 551 mm in length. Males are about 27% larger than females. The brain of a white-faced capuchin is about 79.2 g, which is larger than that of several larger monkey species, such as the mantled howler.

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is similar to the Colombian white-faced capuchin in appearance, except that the female Panamanian white-faced capuchins have brownish or grayish elongated frontal tufts, which provide a contrast to the pure white cheeks and throat.

Social structure
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is a diurnal and arboreal animal. However, it does come down to the ground more often than many other New World monkeys. It moves primarily by walking on all four limbs. It lives in troops, or groups, of up to 40 monkeys (mean 16, range 4–40) and has a male/female adult sex ratio of 0.71 on average (range 0.54–0.88). With rare exceptions, females spend their entire lives with their female kin. Males migrate to new social groups multiple times during the course of their lifetimes, migrating for the first time between 20 months and 11 years of age. The median age of migration in the Santa Rosa population is 4.5 years. Males sometimes migrate alone, but more often they migrate in the company of other males who are often their kin. One of the unusual features of the kinship structure of the Panamanian white-faced capuchin, relative to other primate species, is the high degree of relatedness within groups that results from the long tenures of alpha males who sire most of the offspring. Alpha males have been known to keep their positions as long as 17 years in this species and this puts them in the unusual position of being available to sire the offspring of their daughters and granddaughters, who produce their first offspring at about 6–7 years of age. Typically, however, alpha males do not breed with their own daughters, even though they do sire virtually all offspring produced by females unrelated to them. Those subordinate males who are allies of the alpha male in group defense are the males who sire the offspring of the alpha male's daughters. The high degree to which alpha males monopolize matings results in an unusually large number of paternal half-siblings and full siblings in this species relative to other primate species.

Kinship is an important organizing factor in the structuring of female-female social relationships. Particularly in larger groups, females preferentially associate with, groom, and provide coalitionary support to their matrilineally related female kin. They do not exhibit a similar preference for their paternal half sisters, which may mean that they only are capable of recognizing kinship through the maternal line. Dominance rank is also an important organizing factor, with females more often grooming and associating with females who are closer to them in the dominance hierarchy. Female-female dyads groom far more than male-female and male-male dyads. Coalitionary aggression is common both among males and females, and capuchins seem to have an excellent understanding of the alliance structure in their group. For example, when capuchins are fighting, they sensibly recruit aid from someone who is both higher ranking than they are and also better friends with themselves than with their opponent.

Female capuchins have linear dominance hierarchies. In contrast to many Old World monkeys such as macaques, in which females socially inherit the rank just below their mothers and just above their next oldest sisters, capuchins do not have a highly predictable ranking within their matrilines. Males are typically dominant to females. The alpha male is always easy to discern, but there are sometimes ambiguous rankings among subordinate males. Male-male relationships are tense, and affiliation between males is typically expressed by resting in contact, playing, or non-conceptive sex rather than by grooming. Males cooperate in coalitions against potential predators, and also in defense of the group against other males. Occasionally male coalitionary aggression becomes so violent that males are killed, particularly if they are encountered roaming the forest unaccompanied by allies. Because aggression from other male capuchins is the leading cause of death (aside from poaching by humans, where there is contact between humans and capuchins), male allies are critical for self-defense during migration, and to assist in taking over other groups. Male emigration to a new troop typically occurs about every 4 years, so most males are in constant danger of having to defend themselves against other groups of males.

Immigrating males often kill young infants when they take over a group. Females band together to defend their infants from infanticidal males, but they rarely succeed in saving their infants. Because infants inhibit their mothers from ovulating by nursing frequently, males are able to bring females into estrus earlier by killing the infants and thereby terminating nursing; this has the effect of increasing their breeding opportunities. Females do often mate with the killers of their infants, and with time, they typically become as supportive of the new alpha male as they had been of the previous one. The alpha male helps defend females from subordinate males within the group as well as from infanticidal males from other groups.

Interactions between groups
Panamanian white-faced capuchin troops occupy home ranges of between 32 and 86 ha. They travel between 1 and 3 km daily, averaging 2 km per day. Although they engage in activity that has been described as "territorial", more recent research indicates that white-faced capuchin troops tend to behave aggressively to other white-faced capuchin troops regardless of where they meet, and the aggression is not necessarily intended to exclude the other troops from a specific home range.

Home ranges overlap extensively, so groups are not territorial in the strictest sense of the word. Perhaps because of the intensity of male-male competition and the threat of infanticide, interactions between groups are typically hostile: the males display aggressively toward one another and sometimes engage in physical aggression (even killing an opponent), while females grab their infants and run. Typically, males are the primary participants in aggressive intergroup encounters, and it seems likely that males are defending access to the females in their groups. Alpha males, who have the largest reproductive stake in the group, participate at a higher rate than subordinate males. Groups with more males have an advantage over groups with fewer males, but the location of the encounter within the home range matters as well; smaller groups defeat larger groups when the contest occurs in the core or center area of the smaller group's home range.

Interspecific interactions
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin sometimes interacts with other sympatric monkey species. Panamanian white-faced capuchins sometimes travel with and even groom Geoffroy's spider monkeys. However, aggressive interactions between the capuchins and spider monkeys also occur. Interactions between the Panamanian white-faced capuchin and mantled howler are infrequent, and sometimes result in the capuchins threatening the larger howlers. However, affiliative associations between the capuchins and howlers do sometimes occur, mostly involving juveniles playing together.

Although South American capuchin species often travel with and feed together with squirrel monkeys, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin only rarely associates with the Central American squirrel monkey. This appears to be related to the patchier, more dispersed distribution of food resources in Central America and the fact that there is less dietary overlap between the Central American squirrel monkey and the white-faced capuchin than between their South American counterparts. Therefore, there is less benefit to the Central American squirrel monkey in associating with the Panamanian white-faced capuchin in order to exploit the capuchin's knowledge of food resource distribution. In addition, compared to their South American counterparts, male Panamanian white-headed capuchins are relatively more alert to rival males than to predators, reducing the predator detection benefits that the Central American squirrel monkey receives from associating with the Panamanian white-faced capuchin compared to its South American counterparts. Since the squirrel monkeys generally initiate interactions with the capuchins in South America, the fact that similar associations would impose higher foraging costs and impart fewer predator detection benefits to the Central American squirrel monkey leads to fewer associations with the Panamanian white-faced capuchin.

Several non-primate animal species tend to follow troops of white-faced monkeys or are otherwise attracted by their presence. white-lipped peccaries and agoutis are attracted by feeding white-faced capuchins, looking for fruit that the capuchins drop. Several species of bird are also known to follow Panmanian white-faced capuchins looking for food. These include the double-toothed kite, the white hawk and the sharp-shinned hawk.

Diet
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is an omnivore. Its primary foods are fruit and insects. It forages at all levels of the forest, including the ground. Methods for finding food include stripping bark off of trees, searching through leaf litter, breaking dead tree branches, rolling over rocks, and using stones as anvils to crack hard fruits. Its prehensile tail assists with feeding, helping support the monkey when foraging for food below the branches.

Fruit can make up between 50% and 67% or more of the capuchin's diet. In one study in Panama, white-faced capuchins ate 95 different fruit species. Among its favorite fruits are figs from the family Moraceae, mangos and related fruits from the family Anacardiaceae, the bean-like fruits from the family Leguminosae and fruits from the family Rubiaceae. It will also eat fruits from Euphorbiaceae such as Mexican jumping bean Sebastiania pavoniana. It generally only eats ripe fruit, testing for ripeness by smelling, tasting and prodding the fruit. It typically eats only the pulp and juice, spitting out the seeds and fibers. Other plant matter eaten includes flowers, young leaves, seeds of certain plants, and bromeliads. It also uses the bromelids as a water source, drinking the water that gets trapped inside. In Carara National Park the capuchins have a varied diet in addition to the above of banana fruits and flowers, heliconia seeds, huevos de caballo fruits and anacardiaceae stems.

Insect prey eaten includes beetle larvae, butterfly and moth caterpillars, ants, wasps, and ant and wasp larvae. It also eats larger prey, such as birds, bird eggs, frogs, lizards, crabs, mollusks and small mammals. The population in Guanacaste, Costa Rica in particular is noted for hunting squirrels, magpies, white-crowned parrots and baby coatis. The amount of vertebrate prey eaten varies by troop. Even neighboring troops can show significant differences in their diets.

The diet can vary between the rainy and dry season. For example, in Guanacaste, Costa Rica the Panamanian white-faced capuchin can eat a wide variety of fruits as well as caterpillars in the early rainy season (June to November). But during the dry season, only figs and a few other types of fruit are available. During the dry season, chitinous insects, ant and wasp larvae and vertebrates become a particularly important part of the Panamanian white-faced capuchin's diet. Access to water can also become an issue during the dry season. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin likes to drink daily, so in forests where water holes dry up during the dry season, there can be competition between troops over access to the remaining water holes.

Tool use
Capuchins are considered among the most intelligent of the New World monkeys; they have been the subject of many studies on behaviour and intelligence. The capuchins' intelligence is thought to be an adaptation to support their feeding habits; they rely on ephemeral food sources which may be hard to find. In one particular study conducted in 2007, capuchins were found to be among the ten most intelligent primates, second to spider monkeys among New World monkeys.

The use of stone tools is a marked difference between the gracile capuchins of the genus Cebus and the robust capuchins of the genus Sapajus. Although widespread in robust capuchins, only one case of habitual stone tool use has been reported by gracile capuchins. One population of Panamanian white-faced capuchins found in Coiba National Park in Panama has been observed using hammerstones and anvils to process fruits from Terminalia catappa, Bactris major, and Cocos nucifera (coconuts) and invertebrates such as nerite snails, hermit crabs, and Halloween crabs. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is known to rub parts of certain plants into their hair. Plants used in this manner include citrus fruits, vines of the genera Piper and Clematis, monkey comb (genus Sloanea), dumb cane and custard apple. Ants and millipedes are also used in this way. It is not definitively known what this rubbing is for, but this may deter parasites such as ticks and insects, or it may serve as a fungicide or bactericide or anti-inflammatory agent. Alternatively, it may be a form of scent marking. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin also uses tools in other ways. It has been known to beat snakes with sticks in order to protect itself or to get the snake to release an infant, and it sometimes uses sticks as probes to explore openings. In captivity, it has been known to use tools to get to food or to defend itself, and in one case a white-faced capuchin used a squirrel monkey as a projectile, hurling it at a human observer.

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin's intelligence and ability to use tools allows them to be trained to assist paraplegics. Other species of capuchin monkeys are also trained in this manner. Panamanian white-faced capuchins can also be trained for roles on television and movies, such as Marcel on the television series Friends. They were also traditionally used as organ grinder monkeys.

Communication

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is noisy. Loud calls, such as barks and coughs, are used to communicate threat warnings, and softer calls, such as squeals, are used in intimate discourse. Different types of threats, such as a threat from a terrestrial animal versus a threat from a bird, invoke different vocalizations. Facial expressions and scent are also important to communication. It sometimes engages in a practice known as "urine washing", in which the monkey rubs urine on its feet. The exact purpose of this practice is unknown, but it may be a form of olfactory signal.

Reproduction
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin uses a polygamous mating system in which a male may mate with multiple females. Although the dominant male does not monopolize breeding, studies have shown that the dominant male does tend to father most of the young. Although a female may mate with several males, the dominant male may be more likely to copulate when the female is at peak fertility. Nonetheless, there is evidence that dominant males do tend to avoid breeding with their own daughters who are members of the troop. Such avoidance is rare among New World primates.

Copulation takes about 2 minutes, and the gestation period is 5 to 6 months. Usually a single young is born, but twins occur occasionally. Most births occur during the dry season from December to April. The infant is carried across its mother's back for about 6 weeks. After about 4 to 5 weeks it can stray from its mother for brief periods and by about 3 months it can move around independently, although some infants will be mostly independent earlier. Weaning occurs between 6 and 12 months. While the mother rests, the young spends most of its time foraging or playing, either on its own or with other juveniles. Capuchins engage in high levels of alloparenting, in which monkeys other than the mother help care for the infant. Infants are carried by alloparents most often between 4 and 6 weeks in age. Males as well as females engage in alloparenting.

Like other capuchin species, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin matures slowly. Sexual maturity can be reached at 3 years. But on average, females give birth for the first time at 7 years old and give birth every 26 months thereafter. Males attain reproductive maturity at 10 years old. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin has a long life span given its size. The maximum recorded life span in captivity is over 54 years.

Distribution and habitat
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is found in much of Central America. In Central America, its range includes much of Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. It has also been reported to occur in eastern Guatemala and southern Belize, but these reports are unconfirmed. It is among the most commonly seen monkeys in Central America's national parks, such as Manuel Antonio National Park, Corcovado National Park, Santa Rosa National Park and Soberania National Park. It appears on the reverse side of the Costa Rican 5,000 colón note.

While the white-faced capuchin is very common in Costa Rica and Panama, the monkey has been largely extirpated from Honduras and much of Nicaragua. Many Honduran capuchins were captured and relocated to the island of Roatán, and many Nicaraguan capuchins were captured and relocated to the island of Ometepe. In Nicaragua, wild capuchins may still be easily spotted in regions around Masaya, as well as around Bluefields and other locations around the South Caribbean coast. They are seen, in the wild, daily by visitors who climb one of the volcanoes on Ometepe Island.

It is found in many different types of forest, including mature and secondary forests, and including evergreen and deciduous forests, dry and moist forests, and mangrove and montane forests. However, it appears to prefer primary or advanced secondary forests. Also, higher densities of white-faced capuchins are found in older areas of forest and in areas containing evergreen forest, as well as areas with more water availability during the dry season.

Conservation status
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is regarded as vulnerable from a conservation standpoint by IUCN. It is threatened by deforestation, hunting for pet trade and sometimes for bushmeat and by the fact that farmers sometimes attack them as potential threats. However, deforestation may also impact its main predator, the harpy eagle, more than it directly impacts the Panamanian white-faced capuchin, and so on a net basis deforestation may not be as harmful to the capuchin's status. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin can adapt to forest fragmentation better than other species due to its ability to live in a wide variety of forest types and exploit a wide variety of food sources. The Panamanian white-faced capuchin is important to its ecosystems as a seed and pollen disperser. It also impacts the ecosystem by eating insects that act as pests to certain trees, by pruning certain trees, such as Gustavia superba and Bursera simaruba, causing them to generate more branches and possibly additional fruit, and by accelerating germination of certain seeds when they pass through the capuchin's digestive tract. In addition, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin sometimes kills Acacia collinsii plants when it rips through the plant's branches to get to resident ant colonies.

title: Panamanian white-faced capuchin


text:
Identification

Identification or identify may refer to:

 * Identity document, any document used to verify a person's identity

Arts, entertainment and media

 * Identify (album) by Got7, 2014
 * "Identify" (song), by Natalie Imbruglia, 1999
 * Identification (album), by Benjamin Ingrosso, 2018
 * Station identification, or ident, radio or TV stations identifying themselves on-air
 * Kill Command, also known as Identify, a 2016 film

Science and technology

 * Identification (information), for data storage
 * Identifiability, in statistics
 * Identification (biology), assigning a taxon to an individual organism
 * Identification scheme, in metadata, used to identify unique records in a set

Social sciences

 * Identification (psychology), a concept in psychoanalysis
 * Identification in rhetoric, a rhetorical theory of persuasion
 * Identification (literature), the audience identifying with a character, or a narrative device

title: Identification


text:
Jeff Rooker

Jeffrey William Rooker, Baron Rooker (born 5 June 1941) is a British politician and life peer who served as a government minister from 1997 to 2008. A member of the Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Perry Barr from 1974 to 2001.

Raised and educated in Birmingham, Rooker worked as a production engineer in the city before lecturing in the subject at Lanchester Polytechnic. He studied at Aston University and the University of Warwick; and he eventually gained a postgraduate degree in industrial relations. After unsuccessfully attempting to be elected to Birmingham City Council in 1966, he was elected to the House of Commons at the February 1974 general election and joined the government after the Labour victory at the 1997 general election as Minister of State at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

Upon standing down from the Commons at the 2001 general election, Rooker was later appointed to the House of Lords where he continued to serve in the government under several ministerial portfolios until 2008, including as Deputy Leader of the House of Lords and Minister of State for Sustainable Food, Farming and Animal Health from 2005 to 2008. He resigned the Labour whip in 2009 after being appointed chair of the Food Standards Agency. He sat as an independent member in the House of Lords until 2013 when, standing down as chair of the FSA, he took up the Labour whip once again.

Early life and career
The son of a factory worker, Jeff Rooker attended Aldridge Road Secondary Modern Boys School, Aldridge Road, Great Barr. He later attended Handsworth Technical School and College, Goldshill Road, Handsworth. He initially trained as a production engineer, working in various factories in and around Birmingham for 14 years and then became a lecturer on the subject at Lanchester Polytechnic.

Rooker graduated with an undergraduate degree from Aston University in the city of Birmingham and he served as editor of the Birmingham Student Union News (SUN) from 1963 to 1964. He later received a postgraduate degree from the University of Warwick in industrial relations. In 1966, he was an unsuccessful candidate for membership of Birmingham City Council.

Early parliamentary career
Rooker was selected as the prospective parliamentary candidate in October 1971 for his home constituency of Birmingham Perry Barr, which he won in the February 1974 general election.

Rooker achieved a measure of national prominence in June 1977 while still a backbencher. With fellow MP Audrey Wise, he introduced the so-called Rooker–Wise Amendment to the Budget. This linked personal tax allowances to the rate of inflation, thereby preventing the erosion of non-taxable income. The BBC has described the amendment as "a rare example of direct backbench influence on the Budget".

Beginning in 1998, Rooker led an unsuccessful attempt to prosecute World War II German general Wilhelm Mohnke for his alleged role in war crimes inflicted on British troops at Wormhoudt in 1940.

Ministerial career
After Tony Blair led Labour to power in the 1997 general election, Rooker served as Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. In July 1999, he was moved to the Department of Social Security where he served as Minister of State for Pensions. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1999.

Rooker stood down as an MP at the 2001 general election and was created a life peer on 16 June 2001 with the title Baron Rooker, of Perry Barr in the County of West Midlands. As a member of the House of Lords, he was re-appointed to the government as the Minister of State for Asylum and Immigration and remained in the post for a year. He then was moved to the Department for Communities and Local Government, where he served as Minister of State for Housing and Planning, then subsequently Minister of State for Regeneration and Regional Development.

Following the 2005 general election, Rooker was named the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office, with responsibility for children in Northern Ireland.

On 6 May 2006, Rooker was appointed Minister of State for Sustainable Food, Farming and Animal Health at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He was a controversial choice as minister responsible for animal welfare due to his well-known pro-hunting views. In 2007, following Rooker's appointment, numerous complaints from animal welfare campaigners were sent to the Labour Party. He later also became deputy leader of the House of Lords. He retained both these roles when Gordon Brown became Labour leader and Prime Minister in 2007 and showed himself to be outspokenly in favour of genetically modified (GM) foods at the September 2008 Labour Party Conference, when he accused people opposed to GM foods of "ignorance". Rooker stood down in October 2008.

Later career
Rooker is a vice president of The Birmingham Civic Society. As of January 2008, he is a lay governor of Aston University. In July 2009, he was appointed as chair of the Food Standards Agency and resigned the Labour party whip for the duration until he ceased to be chair in 2013.

In December 2015, Rooker called for Jeremy Corbyn to be removed as Labour Party leader before 2020.

Rooker is a member of Labour Friends of Israel.

Personal life
Rooker married Angela Edwards in 1972 in Paddington, London. He was widowed in January 2003. He married second wife Helen Hughes on 5 February 2010 in a private ceremony in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2001, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Aston University of which he is an alumnus.

title: Jeff Rooker


text:
Talk:10,000

Untitled
As is done with the pages on 1000, 2000, ... 9000, this page will have a list of selected non-round numbers following, but here it will go through to 99999, because it is foreseen that fewer numbers in the 10001 - 99999 range will merit their own pages than is the case with 1001 - 9999. So properties are added to numbers listed here, or if the number is not already listed, then it is added. If a number has enough properties listed that it merits its own article, then the content is moved to its own article and formatted according to the template given at WikiProject Numbers, and on this page a link to the new page is put. PrimeFan 23:15, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't this page have a comma in the title? (10,000 (number))

 * This issue has been discussed many times before and commalessness was the concensus, but I can't remember on what page this was discussed. PrimeFan 21:03, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I would prefer it with comma too. Why not revive the discussion? Would anybody object if I just move the page to the comma-ful one?--Sonjaaa 21:09, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's OK to revive the discussion. But don't make the move without a discussion first. (I will bring it up at project talk page.) The change needs to be discussed first because at least a dozen other pages would have to be changed to conform (such as 1729 (number). PrimeFan 20:50, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I added a mention of the comma version, plus the metric versions. Korky Day 23:51, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

10000 Posts at TheForce.Net

 * In the TheForce.Net Forums, achieving 10,000 Posts makes you a god and elite user of that board. Hitting this special number will make you idolized and respected in the JC World.

I removed this because I don't quite believe it. "Idolized and respected"? Just for posting 10000 messages? Then another group that ought to be "idolized and respected" consists of Republican bloggers too chicken to enlist in the Army or Navy. PrimeFan 17:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Density of balanced primes
There are over 300 balanced primes with 5 digits in base 10, so it's not necessary to list them on this page. PrimeFan 21:37, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Split into multiple articles proposal
maybe now its the time to split this into 20000 (number), 30000 (number), etc. Numerao 22:08, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's too early. The 90000 article would be very thin right now. Anton Mravcek 00:07, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The section 'Selected 5-digit numbers (10001 - 99999)' doesn't really belong here. It should be a separate article.--Redaktor 16:01, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Aramaic
With Unicode encoding I'm not seeing the characters in Aramaic. For the other languages yes, but not this one. Are there unicode characters for Aramaic? If not, it will have to be given as a transliteration only. - Parsa (talk) 04:54, 15 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Need Aramaic Transliteration
 * This item is still open two years later ( as of Feb 2011))... According to some quick research using other Wikipedia articles, Aramaic script (font) is, apparently, not available for UTF-8 (only UTF-16).    If anyone knows the word, please edit the main article  to provide the English/Latin transliteration of of the 'Aramaic' word.. (Note the word can, probably be rendered using the equivalent Unicode 'hebrew' letters.)--Libertas (talk) 00:22, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vw_hyperexchange/vei_larger_5.html
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-23 01:56:20, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-31 21:09:42, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 21:09, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://southeast.fws.gov/TenThousandIsland/
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-23 01:56:25, 404 Not Found
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-31 21:09:51, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 21:10, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://backstreet-boys.lyrics-songs.com/lyrics/2789/
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-23 01:56:22, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-31 21:10:00, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 21:10, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 4
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.tourof10000lakes.net
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-23 01:56:22, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 10000 (number) on 2011-05-31 21:10:11, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 21:10, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Regarding 10101 (number) "properties"
Yesterday Arthur Rubin has "Reverted good faith edits by Maurice Carbonaro motivating with "Seems trivial" the line about 10101 (number) properties as follow:
 * 10101 – multiplying any two-digit number for 10101 the result will give a six digit number with the two given numerical digits repeated three times (example: 37*10101=373737)

It may seem trivial but I wonder who knows why this happens or knows anything about this particular number property. I am posting a RFC on the talk page to discuss wether it should be the case to cancel this contibution alltogether. Thanks. Maurice Carbonaro (talk) 06:52, 20 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Fails WP:NUMBER, and you've posted an "RFC" in a clearly inappropriate place. Try discussing at WT:NUMBER or WT:MATH.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 07:13, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

Unit of time
I am trying to find a word for equals 10,000 years — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.165.77.184 (talk) 13:11, 26 December 2014 (UTC)
 * How about "myriaannus"? Jimp 04:28, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

or
 * How about "myriadon".

Requested move 25 June 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: pages moved. Will perform the moves now. Steven  Crossin  02:17, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

10000 (number) → 10,000, 20000 (number) → 20,000, 30000 (number) → 30,000, 40000 (number) → 40,000, 50000 (number) → 50,000, 60000 (number) → 60,000, 70000 (number) → 70,000, 80000 (number) → 80,000, and 90000 (number) → 90,000, – (number) dab not needed for five digit numbers. Fish567 (talk) 01:30, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Support per MOS:DIGITS and for legibility and consistency, as long as we also move other five-digit integers such as 16807 (number). 10,000 currently redirects to disambiguation page 10000.  Do we still want 10000 to be a dab? Certes (talk) 13:13, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose. This nonsense (why the auxiliary grouping symbol should be more prominent than the very important decimal separator?) is confusing for people from the rest of the world, where comma is a decimal separator. It is also against the accepted standards. — Mikhail Ryazanov (talk) 00:50, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Support the removal of the (number) dab. Neutral on whether or not commas are used. Voortle (talk) 13:50, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * pinging and  for awareness. — Andy W. ( talk ) 22:01, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Support – More readable, and confusion with years is unlikely. — JFG talk 22:29, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Support removal of the parenthetical (number). Naming conventions (numbers and dates) is the applicable naming convention. If 4711 for the Eau de Cologne is out of the "several decades in the future" range, then all 5-digit numbers are too. I agree that adding a comma is problematic. Seems we've gotten by fine without them so far. – wbm1058 (talk) 23:07, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Support as originally proposed. The comma is almost always included in numbers of 10,000 or more, and aids readability. "Confusing for people from the rest of the world" is not in my opinion relevant, assuming this means people who speak other languages... I'm aware that French and German use a comma instead of a decimal . but this is the English Wikipedia, and the comma is standard usage across the English speaking world. 10000 should be a redirect to 10,000 not a dab page. Thanks — Amakuru (talk) 10:23, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

Follow-up question: If this discussion closes as move, can we also boldly move other five-digit integers such as 16807 (number), or does anyone feel that this would need a further RM? Certes (talk) 10:47, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Support as proposed. But rather than then boldly move a great number of articles, discuss at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (numbers and dates). Andrewa (talk) 12:54, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I've belatedly advertised this discussion there. There are seven further articles to be taken into consideration beyond the nine listed above. Certes (talk) 14:13, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I say just move them. If people object, we can rethink. Nothing is irreversible if there's a strong objection, and Wikipedia is unlikely to be *irreparably harmed* by a bold move of several pages. — Amakuru (talk) 10:53, 3 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Agree that there is no great harm in that approach. I would do it a little bit differently, but it's a chicken and egg situation. Article names and the naming conventions both need to change to reflect changed consensus. It don't matter a lot which happens first. Andrewa (talk) 13:00, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:300 (number) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:17, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:10,000