text:
Talk:Domitian

Bias
Commonly known as "Satan the Devil"? Uhh...please tell me that that is graffiti, and in relation to the pro-senatorial bias, see http://www.roman-emperors.org/domitian.htm

What exactly does "despite some arguments in the scientific community" mean? Did somebody do a test and discover the persecutions did not occur?

Who exactly questions the persecutions and why? Do they have historical credentials, or are they assumed to be experts because of scientific credentials? Need to contextualize. Jdavidb 21:41, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

"He was also very fond of gladiator shows and added important innovations like women and dwarf gladiator fights." Uhmmm... important innovations? Mrzaius 20:27, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This discription follows the traditionally pro-Senatorial viewpoint of Domitian's reign and his effectiveness as a ruler. Much research has been done to reform Domitian's image and I will work to bring this here in the near future. draven5 02:50, 1 June 2005

Vandalism
"Sexual Significance Domitian remains significant in the history of sexuality for being the first Roman Emperor to use a spray on condom during one of his many attempts to 'ave a jab at one of dem dere Roman Bitches. {Source: S. Watson}"

wtf? don't make me laugh wikipedia

There is a section described as "Boats and Hoes" I dont think thats meant to be there, but I cant see what it was previously in the history... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.5.61.40 (talk) 23:43, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

Domitian and early Christianity
This entire section is unsourced with a very strong POV that is pretty much irrelevent to an artical about Domitian. It should be removed or substantually rewritten with some citations about the claims made.RBobicus 21:08, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

How about from the mouths of the Romans themselves.

Seutonius - Lives of the Twelve Caesars - Domitian 15 "To conclude his last victim was Flavius Clemens, who is thought by some to be a convert to the Christian reilgion. He suddenly killed him."

And he died the same way as Jezebel in the Bible

But nothing so much disquieted Domitian as an answer given by Ascletario, the astrologer, and the accident that happened to him. This Ascletario had been informed against, and did not deny his having predicted that which by his art and learning he foresaw. Domitian asked him what end he thought he should come to himself. And the astrologer answered that his destiny was to be torn to pieces by dogs, Domitian ordered him immediately to be slain, and in order to prove the rashness and uncertainty of his art, caused him to be very carefully buried. But in the execution of this order, it chanced that the funeral pile was blown down by a sudden tempest, and Domitian's body, half burnt, was piecemeal by dogs; which, being observed by Latinus, the comic actor, as he chanced to pass that way, he told it, among the other news of the day, to the emperor at supper.

Seutonius - Lives of the Twelve Caesars - Domitian 15

 * The first quotation is inaccurate, and in the second Suetonius was discussing the death of the astrologer, not that of Domitian. I agree with RBobicus that the section as written does not belong in this article.  I have moved it below.  If anyone cares to preserve it, they could perhaps place in the article on Christian persecution.  That said, within the Christian community there is a long established idea that there was a persecution under Domitian, derived from extrapolation from the New Testament book of Revelation.  This is part of the historical discourse concerning Domitian, and might be profitably discussed as such in the article, if there were interest.--Nefasdicere 16:29, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Is the venerable Catholic Encyclopedia considered a trustworthy source? Much of the information in its entry on Domitian is at sharp variance with Wikipedia's article.  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05114b.htm  The Sanity Inspector (talk) 23:06, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

So what is being said here is that Domitian was at best a "Ruthless Autocrat with a Cult of Personality" but that because there is no evidence except Christian evidence that he persecuted Christians it didn't happen. Hmmm.

Domitian and early Christianity
For scholars, it is difficult to uncover Domitian's exact policy towards the developing Christian community. Many people believe that he was the Emperor during the time that the Revelation to John was authored (95 or 96). From a traditional Christian perspective, the Revelation, the final canonical book of the New Testament, reveals God's plan for the Apocalypse. From a secular viewpoint, the Revelation could be viewed as a reaction to the anti-Christian policies of Domitian and some earlier emperors. At the time, Christianity was a struggling religion attempting to find a foothold in the classical world. In addition to persecution, Christians were also facing pressure to conform to the Imperial Cult of Domitian. Although it is unclear that Domitian officially enforced adherence to the cult, scholars generally agree that Roman governors forced citizens to participate in order to prove their loyalty and patriotism. Since Christian doctrine specifically forbids the worship of idols, Christians refused to partake in this Imperial tradition. In the face of adversity many 'Christians' may have been doubting their beliefs and may even have been on the verge of abandoning Christianity all together (if they were even Christians to begin with.) In this atmosphere it is conceivable that John of Patmos wrote the Revelation in hopes of inspiring fledgling Christians to persevere. Within the book several symbolic references are made about the Roman Empire and the incumbent Emperor, possibly Domitian. In short, Christians are reminded that their Savior will return to reward those who believe.

Article is unfair
I studied Ancient History to degree level at university and this article repeats many of the mistakes often made about Domitian. It's been a while since I studied him and I've no longer access to my 1980s textbooks, though I recall that he was endowed with substantial administrative skills and was a very able emperor. The sources treat him harshly because (like Tiberius, another gifted leader) he gradually fell out with the senatorial class, from whom historians normally came. This article requires substantial revision from someone with a familiarity with the period bigpad 12:12, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * He was an able administrator, but his military success was moderate. He also instigated the worst 'terror' since Sejanus. So, he was a mixed bag.HammerFilmFan (talk) 00:12, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

The main Domitian historian whose work survives is Tactitus, whose father in law was one of Domitian's political enemies, this is probably part of why sources are biased Rurp 09:36, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * If somebody want short realistic facts about Domitian this is:

 * He has been second best emperor in administration skills (only August is better)
 * He has been mentaly sick ( from childhood ) but he has find way to control his wish to see death of other people.
 * He has been in military stuff really joke!

I really do not have time to start war on article page with morons which think that myths are reality. I have tried that with Caligula. rjecina 03:13 (CET), 4 october 2006
 * Caesar Augustus, not the month of August - and that is sheer POV and nothing else.HammerFilmFan (talk) 00:15, 14 September 2023 (UTC)
 * This article is badly in need of an overhaul, I agree. It is very summary and seems to be borrowing mostly from Suetonius, who wrote a highly unfavourable account. For instance, the page claims Domitian's reign was a financial disaster but modern historians (e.g. Syme) have demonstrated that the contrary was true. The article needs to be rewritten from the viewpoint of comprehensive modern studies. I will start reworking the text as soon as I can but I still have several other projects lined up. --Steerpike 18:54, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

What Happened? Vandalism?
What happened? The article has been deleted. It's vandalism! Should we block 24.2.221.241?--Stratford15 23:15, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps a few additions
Although I am no professional historian (and that may invalidate my opinion right there!) it seems this article might also be improved by the addition of a few bits, such as Domitian's personality, his building and rebuilding of the 'limes' anti-siegework (ramparts, ditches, etc.) on and near the Danube, as well as some of the more colourful episodes known about him (his odd sense of humor, his propensity to begin each proclamation with the then-scandalous [if not necessarily so to those who recalled Gaius Caligula!] preamble "Our Lord and God commands..."), et al. Domiitian comes across in both the ancient sources and the modern re-evaluations as a man of parts which do not fit together (wisely another contributor to this talk page has noted how the one dependable historian who covers Domitian had some bad blood against him due to a family connection). So the very real possibility of some kind of madness may be interpreted. Given, I'm not the first to suggest that. But then, Wikipedia (like New York City, and more fortunately) is a work in progress. K. G. Griffiths 18:21, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Suetonius 12 Caesars
Template:Suetonius 12 Caesars has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you.

Single bust?
Chapter 8 of Procopius' Anecdota says that there was just one image of Domitian known, a bronze bust. Was there only one known in his time, or is this just Procopius at his usual semi-historical self? Nyttend 16:11, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
 * We have several surviving statues and busts of Domitian. One of the most striking and beautiful currently resides in the Toledo Museum of Art (link here). In fact, a photograph of this bust would much enhance the current article on Domitian. If anyone has a free picture available, do not hesitate and upload it! --Steerpike 12:37, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Start
I've started work on a complete—and much needed—overhaul of this page. I invite everyone with an interest in the subject matter to help and improve the article over the course of the next few weeks. As my primary source of reference, I will be using Jones' authoritative The Emperor Domitian, supplemented with other papers (Syme, Murison) and, where possible, ancient authors, although I'd like to keep these references to a strict minimum, as I feel I've relied too heavily on those sources in the past. Please post your comments and suggestions here. Regards. --Steerpike 07:35, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Progress may be slow, btw :) --Steerpike 13:00, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It's been a while since I last edited the page (and what I did wrote will probably receive further revisions in the future), but I'm going to have to put this on hold until I find some free time. Meanwhile I will remove the 'editing' template at the top of the page. I know the article looks weird right now with its disproportionally detailed sections, but I hope I can change this sometime in the future. --Steerpike 11:10, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

I'm just going to continue talking to myself in this section: I've finished all sections leading up to his actual emperorship. Some minor adjustements should still be made, but overall, I'm fairly satisfied with the current version. Then again, maybe I could have extracted a better narrative from my source material. And the page already approaches 40kb in size, despite my efforts to summarize the facts as much as possible. The problem is that, with subject matter such as this, a lot needs to be explained in terms of who/what/where/how to casual readers. I find it hard to trim anything from the current text without sacrificing crucial context information. Comments and suggestions are welcome. --Steerpike (talk) 00:09, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia isn't paper. You're doing great. Bill (talk) 02:03, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

New work
It's been nearly 6 months since my last major edit. Yesterday I resumed work on this article, which I hope to finish sometime in the near future. I have restructured the headings somewhat, expanded the section on Domitian's personality, added information on Domitian in later arts, and expanded the details on Nerva's succession. The latter is mostly copy-pasted from my own work on the Nerva article however. My next step will be to cover Domitian's administration as emperor, including military campaigns, economic and cultural programme, and political/religious persecutions. My ultimate ambition is to bring the article to FA status. Cheers. --Steerpike (talk) 19:23, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

This article is now a whitewash. Negative characterizations from primary and secondary sources must be included, since they are the sources, not those 2000 years later with a 'deconstructionist' fetish. The sources may be of varying reliability, that can be stated and referenced. But as it stands, this article is incomplete. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.148.116.114 (talk) 08:36, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Hence the "under construction" template at the top of the page. And btw, these sources with a "deconstructionist fetish" you mention happen to be well-established and respected authors in the field of classical studies (Syme, Jones, Murison,...). Ancient authors fail the criteria of WP:Verifiability, and should therefore never be used as a main point of reference. We cannot ask of editors or readers to have to piece together the "truth" from these texts, however factual they may be. A Wikipedia article should ideally present the prevailing expert/academic opinion on any given subject. There is plenty of reason to believe that Domitian was not nearly the monster described by Tacitus or Suetonius. To give just one example: if we are to believe the ancient sources, Domitian's reign was financially a disaster. Modern numismatic analyses however, confirm that Domitian actually revalued the coinage to a higher standard than that of his father and brother! But don't worry, there is plenty more to be added on Domitian's reign: his military campaigns, religious policies, senatorial opposition and, importantly, a historiography section dealing with the sources. --Steerpike (talk) 11:21, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

You've made the article even better; although I would like to see more liberal use of primary source quotations (or even ancient secondary sources). Even though the article is probably long enough as it is. In my initial comments I did not wish to denigrate your work, which has been undoubtedly industrious. But the current version is now in my view, more balanced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eusebius12 (talk • contribs) 18:02, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you :) --Steerpike (talk) 18:07, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

I greatly appreciate the amount of information you provided concerning Domitian. Although not privy to the apparently bias opinion of the previous article, I gleaned much information from your work. Certainly, many of the modern historian viewpoints are present in force and much of the historical records are fascinating. I would strongly urge caution, however, in simply dismissing the idea that Domitian was a horrible tyrant. Indeed, your article resembles almost a heroic representation of him by only lightly touching on anything negative. True, evidence apparently points to idea of Domitian as a great builder and effective administrator. However, the fact that the government greatly celebrated his death and ordered the destruction of all of his history greatly mirrors the de-Stalinization of the 20th century in the Soviet Union. Nobody denies that Stalin was one of the greatest builders in Russian history, but at what cost? 29.4 million lives, according to the Russian government. I recommend you address the evidences and writings of those, even if biased, more fully than you have done so in order to create a more representative historical picture of Domitian. Otherwise you've gone from one end of the spectrum of bias to the other. Bristus (talk) 03:16, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your comments. I understand your concerns, but perhaps I should say that, first of all, this article is supposed to be an entry in an encyclopaedia. That means that its content should ideally represent "the prevailing academic view" on its subject. In Domitian's case, this means the text is mostly drawn from Brian Jones' The Emperor Domitian, which is the standard reference work on this era. Perhaps that book does whitewash Domitian, who knows, but until a more influential work appears that sheds a radically different light on the facts, The Emperor Domitian should probably be the basis of any encyclopaedia article seriously dealing with the subject. People have asked me in the past to treat ancient sources more in-depth, but I don't think it serves the readers of this article well to overemphasise controversies and turn Domitian's biography into a legal case arguing against or for his (alleged) tyranny. For the curious, translations to the original sources are provided in the external links section, but I don't think readers should have to try and make sense of the mass of primary material.

 * To an extent, I agree about the Stalin comparison. It's something I've often wondered about myself. Exactly how ruthless was Domitian? Are the surviving sources really a biased minority, or just the tip of the iceberg? Perhaps time has erased much of the true nature of Domitian's tyranny, but the picture is inherently complicated by the bias of the surviving sources. This cannot be overstated. Authors like Tacitus and Pliny are so obviously biased against Domitian that piecing together his life and career based on these writings is akin to writing a biography of Barack Obama through Republican campaign speeches. It's nearly worthless. I think modern history has done an extremely good job at critically evaluating the available evidence, and yes, rightfully rehabilitating Domitian as one of the better administrators of the Empire. Nevertheless, modern authors (including Jones) do agree that he ruled autocratically, that he was paranoid, and that his regime exhibited totalitarian traits. But much of the accusations levelled at him were also found to be baseless. For instance:

 * Tacitus criticized Domitian's foreign policy, but at a time when the Roman Empire faced severe threats along the borders of the Northern and North-Eastern provinces, the conquests of Agricola were quite simply irrelevant and a burden to the military treasury. In fact Agricola himself seems guilty of the military incompetence Tacitus accuses Domitian of. He never subdued the Caledonians or defeated Calgacus, even after spending five years (longer than normal) as governor on the island. His supposed "triumph" may very well have been as phony as that of Domitian against the Gauls.
 * Although Suetonius and Dio suggest Domitian's economy was in debt, numismatic analysis confirms the opposite was true.
 * The alleged persecution of Christians and Jews is completely unfounded, and an invention of early Church historians. I think here in particular does Jones argue a very solid case.
 * He did not have an affair with Julia, nor did she die by an abortion. Again, Jones' arguments are very strong.

 * It's true that the Senate rejoiced at Domitian's death, but senators were only a minority, an elite class of men who had good reason to hate Domitian: he accentuated their loss of power through his autocracy. According to Suetonius, the common man met the news of his death "with indifference" (and Suetonius would have been there to know). To quote Syme: "What else could [the people] do? Domitian had fed and amused them, but had stood no nonsense from them". True, the Senate ordered damnatio memoriae, but again, analysis suggests that the order was not carried out very consistently or enthusiastically, and in fact almost wholly ignored in the provinces. Note that according to Suetonius, Domitian maintained historically low corruption among provincial governors, so it stands to reason that he would have been popular outside Rome. Finally, there is also evidence of his popularity with the army: during his lifetime, Domitian increased their pay, and spent significant amounts of time with them on campaigns; upon his death, soldiers rioted in several provinces, while the Praetorian Guard avenged his assassination during Nerva's administration. So we have proof that he was popular in the provinces and among the army. The common plebs neither loved nor hated him.

 * Lastly, the Nervan-Antonian dynasty which rose to power after Domitian's death, and therefore (in)directly benefited from his assassination, endured for nearly a century, giving ample time to establish a hostile tradition against Domitian. Remember history is written by the victors. Claudius executed far more senators and equestrians than Domitian ever did, and yet he was deified by the Senate, and today celebrated as a lovable emperor-fool. Nerva was hailed as a "financial genius", the first of Five Good Emperors, but in reality, his brief administration brought the Empire on the brink of collapse. So you see, it's not exactly a clear-cut picture. Cheers. --Steerpike (talk) 21:51, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Nearing completion
Once again, I'm putting further edits on hold for a while, although I suspect the article will be finished sometime within the next two weeks. Domitian's early life and death I consider to be largely complete by now. Concerning his emperorship, the administration is finished, while his military campaigns and religious policy are both nearing completion. Significant expansions in the near future include: The article is approaching 80kb in size, although readable prose only constitutes 53kb so far, so it probably won't become too unwieldy. Regards. --Steerpike (talk) 23:52, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Conquest of Britain
 * Religious persecution
 * Relationship with the Senate
 * Historiography

 * The article is now more or less finished. I've immediately taken the liberty of nominating it for Featured Article status. Please leave your comments on the relevant page (see link at the top). --Steerpike (talk) 02:21, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Suetonius contradicts death story here
In all of the details except for the bit about a servant telling him it was the sixth instead of the fifth hour, where the text here is merely exaggerated. Lycurgus (talk) 09:37, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Will be fixed shortly! --Steerpike (talk) 19:23, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Featured Article: Congratulations
Well done Steerpike - very impressive work. I completed the copyedit (better late than never) and had little to add to the later sections. As always, please review for changes to meaning as a result of disambiguation. Dhatfield (talk) 16:08, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I just added some minor corrections. --Steerpike (talk) 21:31, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Congratulations!
Amandajm (talk) 02:21, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

AD?
In the infobox AD occurs before the date, after the date or not at all. Perhaps some consistency could be applied? I'd do it myself but am unsure which stance the editors of this article have adopted. Sarsaparilla39 (talk) 03:58, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Shouldn't we have an AD mentioned in the text near the start of the article - since it is on the Main Page this doesn't look clear to me and you can't see the AD in the box? (Msrasnw (talk) 09:47, 16 July 2009 (UTC))

 * I've converted AD to CE to help eliminate this issue. - Team4Technologies (talk) 11:50, 16 July 2009 (UTC)
 * If you use CE you must also replace "BC" with "BCE". You can't mix the BC/AD notation with the BCE/CE notation (see Manual of Style). Since the article started out with the BC/AD notation, I'd much rather see the current use of CE revert back to AD. --Steerpike (talk) 13:42, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Removing AD and CE altogether solves the problem, and I've edited the article as such.

Rsloch (talk) 13:46, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

My worry was the opening on the Main Page (where you cannot see the box) would be better if it had ADs in. So not "Domitian (51–96) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death." But "Domitian (51AD–96AD) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81AD until his death." I think the ADs would help the general reader. Only a thought - it is probably just me (Msrasnw (talk) 13:50, 16 July 2009 (UTC))

Obama
Was this article featured to draw parallels to Obama?
 * No. (?!) Brutannica (talk) 21:32, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

TFA hit count

 * 41,000 hits while on the main page. – Juliancolton  | Talk 17:02, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

Image request - Toledo Museum of Art
There has been some confusion in recent days over an image request on this article in "Toledo, Ohio". I tracked down the original request to a request on WikiProject Ohio. The Toledo Museum of Art apparently has a bust of Domitian in excellent condition, and an editor has requested a photograph of that bust if possible. When this request was made, most of the current photographs on the article were already here, so I think the request is still valid. —Tim Pierce (talk) 03:01, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Early Life
I'm not sure we can say with certainty that Domitian's mother was "long dead" by the time he was 6. My understanding is that all we know is that she likely died before AD 69, as Josephus probably would have mentioned the passing of Domitilla had it happened during the Jewish War. I have not read Waters' interpretation, however, so I'm hesitant to make the change outright.

"Benevolent despot"
In the section "Emperor (81)," there is a Wikiink to "benevolent despot," which redirects to Enlightened absolutism. Based upon the content of that page, it appears that term refers only to monarchs influenced by the Enlightenment. Would it be better to either use a different term (perhaps "benevolent dictator") that doesn't carry the association with the Enlightenment? Brad E. Williams (talk) 12:58, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

"Dictator" has a precise constitutional meaning in an ancient Roman context so would be inappropriate here. Ledmatt (talk) 08:06, 19 October 2014 (UTC)

Interesting tidbit
From the letter at the end of the lex Irnitana we know that Domitian, following in the footsteps of Julius Caesar and Augustus, named a month (October) after himself."The lex Irnitina, a new copy of Flavian Municipal Law", Julian Gonzales Kleuske (talk) 15:33, 16 September 2013 (UTC)

Jones (1992), pp. 182–188
I'm doing a project for a Latin class, and looking for help finding this source for reference 133:

Jones (1992), pp. 182–188

Does anyone know what it refers to? M0N57R0517Y (talk) 14:24, 12 May 2016 (UTC)
 * It's Jones, Brian W. (1992). The Emperor Domitian. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10195-6. under the References section which all the named citations are pointing to, for anyone who has a Latin class project after I write this. Hope you found that in time for your project M0N57R0517Y.-- occono (talk) 21:08, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

Editor needs to learn that English names for Roman cities should not be combined with Latin or Italian names
This editor,, doesn't understand, and doesn't want to understand, that "Rome, Italia" is incorrect and ridiculous. This person can't be bothered to give an explanation for wanting to combine the English name "Rome" with Italian name "Italia", which is just as wrong as saying, "Roma, Italy". Carlstak (talk) 14:16, 15 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Sounds like drive-by editing from Randy?104.169.37.72 (talk) 06:07, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

still needs some work despite FA
" ... he saw himself as the new Augustus, an enlightened despot destined to guide the Roman Empire into a new era of brilliance." - this codswallop in the lede should be ousted and rewritten. There is no surviving record of what Domitian thought of himself - he was, like virtually all Roman emperors, a military dictator whose main concern was staying in power and God help you if you got in the way (unless you won!) While he was a good administrator, such idealistic claims on his self-image are nothing more than some writer's POV - let's tone this one down? Additionally, using Josephus' figures (one million Jews dying in the First Jewish War)[note 52] is extremely reckless - there are better estimates from Reliable Sources, much less inflated - it was bad enough without resorting to wild claims that Josephus, despite his often valuable work, could not possibly have validated.104.169.37.72 (talk) 06:24, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing this out. Carlstak (talk) 06:15, 4 March 2020 (UTC)

still some issues ... (as there no doubt will always be)
1. The lede refers to "damaged Rome" - this needs clarification and also something in the body of the article (rebuilding crumbling tenements, and those damaged by fires); 2. "the people" loved him? We should surely doubt this as some historian with a pro-Domitian outlook's over-indulgence - for instance, the Egyptians could hardly have loved any emperor - they were one of the most ruthlessly exploited peoples of the Empire - outside of Rome, where bread and games were daily events, we don't have any documentation about how he was viewed by "the people" 3. Still too heavily leaning on Jones, whose admiration of Domitian gleams off the pages from the vast majority of his work, and uses too much of his personal speculation: ex., Domitia being uninvolved - the Praetorians made short work of several of those involved in Domitian's assassination - her posthumous statements of love and loyalty to her husband could just as easily have been done for self-preservation - thanks in advance for addressing these issues. HammerFilmFan 50.111.25.22 (talk) 17:18, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

Is Purple Motes really a reliable source?
Citation 136 seems a bit dubious. It is, as far as I can tell, just some guy's blog. 72.28.206.120 (talk) 18:56, 7 August 2022 (UTC)

Image caption accompanying Year of the Four Emperors is incorrect
The caption for the image accompanying the section 'Year of the Four Emperors' seems incorrect. The description of the colours relevant to this article instead seem to refer to the German language version of the image, here: {https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_69_de.svg}. The version currently shown in the article, seems to have had its colours changed long ago and is now widely used in many wikipedias. I suggest changing the caption in this article.

Edit: I'm surprised to find that the caption has been incorrect since the map was first added to the article in Dec 2007! It is possible of course that the images have been edited/renamed. 109.68.60.211 (talk) 19:10, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
The two maps are unsourced and their factual accuracy has been disputed on Commons: a455bcd9 (Antoine) (talk) 08:36, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * File:Roman Empire 69.svg
 * File:Roman province of Dacia (106 - 271 AD).svg

Religious policy
The editor's choice of words leaves far too much out from the full text: " Many scholars, but not all, have accepted the claim that Domitian insisted on being addressed as Dominus et Deus (‘Master and God’).49 A brief review of the evidence is in order. According to Statius (Silvae 1.6.83–4), he rejected the title Dominus, just as Augustus had done (Aug. 53.1). Slaves used it of their masters, and Domitian is called Dominus by them on inscriptions.50 But there is no epigraphical evidence whatsoever of its being used of him in any other sense. On the other hand, Suetonius (Dom. 13.2) reports that Domitian dictated a letter that began ‘Our Master and God orders’ and that, from this, the habit developed of addressing him in this way: Dio (67.4.7) supports the story. Later writers repeat and embellish it: Aurelius Victor (De Caes. 11.2), the Epit. de Caes. 11.6, Eutropius 7.23 and Orosius 7.10 all claim that he ‘ordered’ its use. As well, they couple it with a change in his character,51 unlike Suetonius who refers to the deterioration elsewhere and on two separate occasions (Dom. 3.2, 10.1). In view of Domitian’s concern for theological niceties, the story is all but incredible. The best that an emperor could expect after death was to be declared a divus, never a deus: a living one had to make do with even less. If an emperor such as Domitian could overcome that barrier, why should he hesitate to proclaim it publicly (and epigraphically)? Senatorial abhorrence would not have concerned him. " -- Jones also ignores Caligula's vastly reported views of his own diety. HammerFilmFan (talk) 00:36, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Domitian


text:
González (surname)

González is a Spanish surname of Germanic origin, the second most common (2.16% of the population) in Spain, as well as one of the five most common surnames in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, and Venezuela, and one of the most common surnames in the entire Spanish-speaking world. As of 2017, it is the 13th most common surname in the United States.

Origin
González is a Spanish name. Its origins trace back to a Visigothic name combining the words gunþo (guntho) (battle or war) and alf (elf); the Latinized form was Gundisalv. As the Spanish language developed, the name transformed into Gonzalo and its surname derivative González. Some believe the name to mean "war hall", as evidenced by the castle in a field of blood on its family crest and the Visigothic cultural origins of the nation of Spain. González is also taken to mean "son of Gonzalo", "noble warrior", "soldier" or "castle guard". Common spellings include: Gonzalez (no acute accent), Gonzáles, Gonzales, Gonzalés, González and Goncalves. The variant Consolus appears among people descended from a Spaniard with the surname Gonsález who settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam.

Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 31.8% of all known bearers of the surname González were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:44), 10.8% of Spain (1:49), 10.0% of Venezuela (1:34), 7.4% of Argentina (1:66), 7.1% of the United States (1:584), 6.7% of Colombia (1:81), 5.1% of Cuba (1:26), 4.2% of Chile (1:48), 3.1% of Paraguay (1:27), 2.7% of Guatemala (1:68), 1.7% of Panama (1:27), 1.7% of Nicaragua (1:42), 1.4% of the Dominican Republic (1:85), 1.1% of El Salvador (1:67) and 1.1% of Ecuador (1:171).

In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:49) in the following autonomous communities:
 * 1) Asturias (1:20)
 * 2) Canary Islands (1:22)
 * 3) Castile and León (1:29)
 * 4) Cantabria (1:30)
 * 5) Galicia (1:33)
 * 6) Extremadura (1:36)
 * 7) Andalusia (1:49)

In Cuba, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:26) in the following provinces:
 * 1) Artemisa (1:18)
 * 2) Cienfuegos (1:19)
 * 3) Mayabeque (1:19)
 * 4) Ciego de Ávila (1:19)
 * 5) Matanzas (1:24)
 * 6) Sancti Spíritus (1:24)
 * 7) Isla de la Juventud (1:24)
 * 8) Pinar del Río (1:25)
 * 9) Villa Clara (1:25)
 * 10) Santiago de Cuba (1:25)

The arts

 * Adrian Gonzales
 * Adrián Luis González
 * Antonio González Caballero
 * Eva Gonzalès
 * Fernando González Gortázar
 * Francisco González Gómez
 * Jaime Guadalupe González Domínguez
 * Jorge González Camarena
 * Jose B. Gonzalez
 * José Emilio González
 * Jose Luis Gonzalez (artist)
 * José González (artist)
 * Juan Gonzalez (artist)
 * Julio González (sculptor)
 * Manuel Gonzales
 * Marcelina Gonzales
 * Mercedes Elena Gonzalez
 * Suzy González
 * Xavier Gonzalez
 * Agustina González López (1891–1936), writer and artist from the Generation of '27

Film, television, and theater

 * Alejandro González Iñárritu
 * Álvaro Díaz González
 * Anthony Gonzalez (actor)
 * Beauty Gonzalez
 * Bianca Gonzalez
 * Carlos González (cinematographer)
 * Charlene Gonzales
 * Daniel Brühl (born Daniel César Martín Brühl González)
 * Danny Gonzalez
 * Edith González
 * Eiza González
 * Erich Gonzales
 * Fernando González Pacheco
 * Juan González (journalist)
 * Laura G (María Sonia Laura González Martínez)
 * Lexi Gonzales
 * Luis Gonzales
 * Luis Gonzalez, a character in Chiquititas
 * Luz Elena González
 * Mandy Gonzalez
 * Mauricio González de la Garza
 * Mónica González (dancer)
 * Myrtle Gonzalez
 * Nicandro Díaz González
 * Nicholas Gonzalez
 * Pedro González (humorist)
 * Pedro Gonzalez Gonzalez
 * Raúl González (host)
 * Rick Gonzalez
 * Robert Gant (Robert Gonzalez)
 * Speedy Gonzales
 * Susana González
 * Víctor González (actor)
 * Yon González
 * Nacho Vidal (Ignacio Jordi González)

Literature

 * Ángel González Muñiz
 * Dulce María González
 * Enrique González Martínez
 * Enrique González Rojo Sr.
 * Enrique González Rojo Jr.
 * Enriqueta González Rubín
 * Urbano González Serrano
 * Fernando González (writer)
 * Francisco González Bocanegra
 * José Antonio González de Salas
 * José Luis González (writer)
 * Juan Ignacio González del Castillo
 * Manuel González Zeledón
 * Maria Teresa Maia Gonzalez
 * Oscar Gonzáles (writer)

Music

 * Alex González (musician)
 * Andrew Gonzales, past drummer of Reel Big Fish
 * Anthony Gerard Gonzalez, vocalist of M83
 * Babs Gonzales
 * Chilly Gonzales
 * Danny Gonzalez
 * Dennis González
 * Emilio González Gabarre, member of Los Chichos
 * Enrique González "La Pulga"
 * Eric Gonzalez (musician) (born 1995), Mexican hip hop musician and rapper
 * Fernando González Casellas
 * Greg Gonzalez
 * Guillermo Gonzalez (pianist)
 * Iván González, past keyboard player of Maná
 * Jaslene Gonzalez
 * Jorge González (musician)
 * Jorge González (singer)
 * José González (singer)
 * José Luis González (composer)
 * Juan de Marcos González
 * Julio González Gabarre, member of Los Chichos
 * Luis "Checho" González
 * Nelson González
 * Quique González
 * Roberto González-Monjas
 * Rockdrigo González
 * Rodrigo González (musician)
 * Rubén González (pianist)
 * Scheila Gonzalez
 * Siddhartha (musician)
 * Yann Gonzalez, filmmaker

Catholic Church

 * Alexia González-Barros González
 * Antonio González (martyr)
 * Conchita, Jacinta and Mari Cruz González, girls that claimed to have witnessed apparitions in Garabandal
 * José González Rubio
 * José Higinio Gómez González
 * Manuel González García (bishop)
 * Peter González

Crime

 * Adrián Gómez González
 * Albert Gonzalez
 * Daniel Gonzalez (spree killer)
 * Fernando González, one of the Cuban Five
 * Gustavo González Castro
 * José González Valencia
 * Julio González
 * Sef Gonzales

Military

 * Alfredo Cantu Gonzalez
 * Ambrosio José Gonzales
 * Antonio González de Balcarce
 * Juan Picasso González
 * Pedro González Llamas

Other fields

 * Alberto González (humorist) (1928–2012), Cuban humorist and iconoclast
 * Alberto Jose González (born 1972), Spanish video game graphic artist, music composer and designer
 * Ambrose E. Gonzales (1857–1926), Cuban-American co-founder of The State newspaper
 * Andrew Gonzalez (1940–2006), Filipino linguist, writer, educator, and Lasallian Brother
 * Christine Gonzalez, first woman train engineer for Class   1 railroad
 * Clotilde González de Fernández (1880–1935), Argentine educator, writer
 * Elián González (born 1993), Cuban child who was the center of a custody battle
 * Felipe González de Ahedo (1702–1792), Spanish navigator and cartographer
 * Felipe González de Canales, one of the founders of Escuelas Familiares Agrarias
 * Fernán González of Castile (c. 910–970), First autonomous count of Castile
 * Fernando González de Traba Galician nobleman
 * Gilberth González, served as the executive director and member of the board of the Interamerican Scout Foundation
 * Gómez González (died October 26, 1111), Castilian nobleman
 * Gómez González de Manzanedo (died 1182), Castilian magnate
 * Gómez González de Traba Galician nobleman
 * Inés González Árraga (born 1973), Venezuelan political prisoner
 * Jesús Rodríguez Gonzáles (1939–1995), Cuban chess player
 * José Eleuterio González (1813–1888), Mexican physician and philanthropist
 * José Manuel González-Paramo (born 1958), Spanish economist
 * José Ramón González, Puerto Rican businessman
 * Juan González de Mendoza (c. 1540–1617), Spanish sinologist
 * Justo L. González, Theologian, author
 * Laura González (Miss Colombia), Miss Colombia
 * Lori Stewart Gonzalez (born 1957), American speech pathologist and academic administrator
 * Luis Eduardo González (1945–2016), Uruguayan political scientist, sociologist and polling specialist
 * Luis González Palma (born 1957), Guatemalan photographer
 * Luis González y González (1925–2003), Mexican historian
 * Manuel Críspulo González y Soto (1846–1933), Spanish entrepreneur and philanthropist
 * Marianne Cruz Gonzalez, Dominican Republic beauty contest model
 * Mauricio González-Gordon y Díez (1923–2013), Spanish sherry maker and conservationist
 * Mauricio González Sfeir (born 1956), Bolivian businessman
 * Mike Gonzalez (historian) (born 1943), British historian and literary critic
 * Narciso Gener Gonzales (1858–1903), Cuban-American co-founder of The State newspaper
 * Pedro González de Lara, Spanish noble and statesman
 * Pedro González de Mendoza (1428–1495), Spanish cardinal and statesman
 * Raul Gonzalez (journalist) (c. 1935–2013), Filipino journalist, and columnist
 * Rodrigo González de Lara, Castilian nobleman of the House of Lara
 * Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster (born c. 1949), US-based Argentine businessman
 * Víctor González Torres (born 1947), Mexican businessman
 * William Elliott Gonzales (1866–1937), United States Ambassador
 * X González (born 1999), American activist and advocate for gun control
 * Zack Peter, (Zack Gonzalez, born 1993), American comedian, author, and activist

Politics and law

 * Abraham González (governor)
 * Alberto Gonzales
 * Alicia García-Salcedo González
 * Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo
 * Antonio González de Aguilar, 8th Marquess of la Vega de Armijo
 * Arely Gómez González

 * Carlos Hank Gonzalez

 * Cecilia González Gómez
 * Charlie Gonzalez
 * Edgar González Jr.
 * Enrique Cárdenas González
 * Enrique González Pedrero
 * Enrique Parejo González
 * Ervin A. Gonzalez
 * Felipe González
 * Felipe González González
 * Fernando González Laxe
 * Fernando González Roa
 * Francisco González de la Vega
 * Henry B. González
 * Iván Hernández González
 * Jenniffer González-Colón
 * Jorge Emilio González Martínez
 * Jorge González Otero
 * Jorge González Torres
 * Jorge González von Marées
 * Jose Alejandro Gonzalez Jr.
 * José Antonio González Caviedes
 * José Antonio González Pizarro
 * José Emilio González Velázquez
 * José González Gallo
 * José González Morfin
 * José González Ortiz
 * José Soberanis González
 * Juan Manuel González Torres
 * Julio Gonzalez (Florida politician)
 * Justin Gonzales
 * Lorena Gonzalez (California politician)
 * Lorena González (Seattle politician)
 * Luis A. Gonzalez (judge)
 * Luis González-Bravo y López de Arjona
 * Luis Gonzales Posada
 * Luis Enrique Oberto González (1928–2022), Venezuelan politician
 * Manuel González Prada
 * Manuel González-Hontoria y Fernández-Ladreda
 * Matt Gonzalez
 * Miguel González Avelar
 * Pedro Miguel González Pinzón
 * Raul M. Gonzalez
 * Ron Gonzales
 * Servando Ruiz-Gómez y González-Llanos
 * Sixto Agudo González
 * Stalin González
 * Steven González
 * Tony Gonzales
 * Vicente Gonzalez

Presidents

 * Emiliano González Navero, 20th president of Paraguay 1908–1910
 * José Maldonado González, last president of the Spanish Republican government in exile
 * Juan Gualberto González, 11th president of Paraguay 1890–1894
 * Santiago González Portillo, 14th president of El Salvador 1871–1876
 * Juan Natalicio González, 37th president of Paraguay 1948–1949
 * Luis Ángel González Macchi, 46th president of Paraguay 1999–2003
 * Luis Arturo González López, Acting president of Guatemala 1957
 * Manuel González Flores, 31st President of Mexico 1880–1884
 * Gabriel González Videla, President of Chile 1946–1952

Science and technology

 * Alberto González Domínguez, mathematician
 * Gabriela González (born 1965), Argentine professor of physics and astronomy
 * Guillermo Gonzalez (astronomer)
 * Guillermo González Camarena, inventor of color TV
 * Ingrid del Carmen Montes González, chemist
 * Jean-Paul Gonzalez, virologist
 * José González-Lander, engineer
 * Juan E. González, microbiologist
 * Paula González, environmentalist
 * Pilar González i Duarte, chemist

Sports

 * Ángel Martín González (chess player)
 * Fernando González (athlete), Paralympian
 * Fernando Gonzalez (fighter), martial artist
 * Gilberto González (triathlete)
 * Iván González (canoeist)
 * José González García, chess
 * José Manuel González, Paralympian
 * Juan González de Vega, chess player
 * Mayra González, rower
 * Mike Gonzales, decathlete
 * Raúl González (handballer)
 * Reynaldo Vera González-Quevedo, chess
 * Richard Gonzales (table tennis)
 * Sofia Gonzalez (born 2001), Swiss Paralympic athlete
 * Tomás González (gymnast)

American (gridiron) football

 * Anthony Gonzalez (politician)
 * Christian Gonzalez (born 2002), American football player
 * Dan Gonzalez
 * Joaquin Gonzalez (American football)
 * Steve Gonzalez (American football)
 * Tony Gonzalez
 * Zane Gonzalez

Association football (soccer)

 * Adrián González (footballer, born 1976)
 * Adrián González (footballer, born 1995)
 * Adrián González (Spanish footballer)
 * Alberto González Cespedosa
 * Alberto González Gonzalito
 * Alberto González Pérez
 * Alberto Mario González
 * Alfredo Razon Gonzalez
 * Álvaro Rafael González
 * Aníbal González
 * Antonio González Álvarez
 * Campanal I (Guillermo González del Río García)
 * Carlos Gonzales
 * Christofer Gonzáles
 * Cristian Gonzáles
 * Daniel González Calvo
 * Darwin González
 * Édgar González (Mexican footballer)
 * Édgar Daniel González
 * Elkin González
 * Enrique González Casín
 * Enrique Ramos González
 * Fernando González (footballer, born 1989)
 * Fernando González Valenciaga
 * Fernando Rubén González
 * Fran (footballer, born 1969)
 * Germán González Blanco
 * Gonzalo González (footballer, born 1993)
 * Gonzalo González (footballer, born 1995)
 * Guillermo Gonzalez (soccer)
 * Hernán González
 * Hugo González (Chilean footballer)
 * Iriome González (born 1987), known simply as Iriome)
 * Iván Emmanuel González
 * Iván Garrido González
 * Iván González López
 * Javier González Gómez
 * Javier Mercedes González
 * Jorge Alfredo Gonzalez
 * Jorge Hernández González
 * José Francisco González
 * José González Ganoza
 * José González Joly
 * José Ignacio González
 * José Joel González
 * José Luis González China
 * José Luis González Dávila
 * José Manuel González Hernández
 * José Manuel González López
 * Juan Carlos González
 * Juan Carlos González (Chilean footballer)
 * Juan Cruz González
 * Juan Diego González
 * Juan Diego González-Vigil
 * Juan González (Uruguayan footballer)
 * Juan González Calderón
 * Juan Luis González
 * Juanito (footballer, born 1954)
 * Julio César González Trinidad
 * Julio Gómez González
 * Julio González Montemurro
 * Julio José González
 * Julio Raúl González
 * Julio Valentín González
 * Kily González
 * Lorena González (footballer)
 * Lucho González
 * Luis Gonzalez (soccer, born 1989)
 * Mágico González
 * Manuel González (footballer, born 1917)
 * Manuel González (footballer, born 1929)
 * Manuel González (footballer, born 1943)
 * Manuel González (footballer, born 1953)
 * Manuel González (footballer, born 1991)
 * Mariano Fernando González
 * Mariano González
 * Mark Anthony Gonzalez
 * Mark González
 * Marvin González
 * Mauricio Ernesto González
 * Migue (Miguel Ángel González González)
 * Miguel Ángel González (Argentine footballer)
 * Miguel Ángel González Suárez
 * Miguel González (footballer, born 1990)
 * Miguel Gonzalez (soccer)
 * Mónica González (soccer)
 * Omar Gonzalez
 * Óscar Nadin Díaz González
 * Pancho Gonzales (footballer)
 * Pedro González (Peruvian footballer)
 * Pedro González Pierella
 * Pedro González Vera
 * Raúl (footballer)
 * Raúl Alberto González
 * Raul Gonzalez (soccer)
 * Raúl González Guzmán
 * Raúl González Robles
 * Rónald González Brenes
 * Ronald González Tabilo
 * Sebastián González
 * Sebastián González (Argentine footballer)
 * Steve Gonzalez
 * Toni González
 * Yordi (Jorge González Díaz)

Baseball

 * Adrián González, brother of Edgar Gonzalez (the infielder)
 * Alberto González (baseball)
 * Alex Gonzalez (shortstop, born 1973)
 * Álex González (shortstop, born 1977)
 * Andy González (baseball)
 * Carlos González (baseball)
 * Chi Chi Gonzalez
 * Dan Gonzales
 * Denny González
 * Dicky Gonzalez
 * Edgar Gonzalez (infielder), brother of Adrian Gonzalez
 * Édgar González (pitcher)
 * Enrique González (baseball)
 * Erik González
 * Eusebio González
 * Fernando González (baseball)
 * Fredi González
 * Gabe González
 * Geremi González
 * Germán González
 * Gio González
 * Joe Gonzales (baseball)
 * José González (baseball)
 * Juan González (baseball)
 * Julio González (pitcher)
 * Julio González (infielder)
 * Lariel González
 * Larry Gonzales
 * Luis González (infielder)
 * Luis Gonzalez (outfielder, born 1967)
 * Luis Fernando González Hoenig (born 1995), baseball outfielder for the San Francisco Giants
 * Luis González
 * Marco Gonzales
 * Marwin González
 * Merandy González
 * Miguel Alfredo González
 * Miguel González (catcher)
 * Miguel González (pitcher)
 * Mike González (catcher)
 * Mike Gonzalez
 * Orlando González
 * Oscar González (baseball)
 * Pedro González (baseball)
 * Raúl González (baseball)
 * Rene Gonzales
 * Romy González
 * Tony González (baseball)
 * Vince Gonzales
 * Wiki González

Basketball

 * Bobby Gonzalez
 * Ixhelt González
 * José González (basketball)
 * Miguel González (basketball)

Boxing

 * Enrique González (boxer)
 * Jorge Luis González
 * Julio César González
 * Julio González (Cuban boxer)
 * Larry Gonzáles
 * Luis González (Chilean boxer)
 * Luis González (Venezuelan boxer)
 * Mario González (Mexican boxer)
 * Miguel Ángel González (boxer)
 * Miguel González (Mexican boxer)
 * Miguel González (Paraguayan boxer)
 * Raúl González (boxer)

Cycling

 * Adrián González (cyclist)
 * Alejandro González (cyclist)
 * Alexander González (cyclist)
 * Chepe González
 * Fredy González
 * Javier Alberto González
 * José Antonio González (cyclist)
 * Juan Fierro
 * Juan González (cyclist)
 * Luis Alberto González
 * Pedro González (cyclist)
 * Rónald González (cyclist)
 * Víctor Hugo González
 * Vladimir González

Fencing

 * Alberto González (fencer)
 * Enrique González (fencer)
 * Julio González (fencer)
 * Manuel González (fencer)

Hockey

 * Amanda González
 * Antonio González (field hockey)
 * María Cruz González

Javelin

 * Antonio González (javelin thrower)
 * Ramón González (athlete)

Judo

 * Fernando González (judoka)
 * Juan González (judoka)

Racing

 * Javier González (racing driver)
 * José Froilán González
 * Juan Manuel González Corominas

Rugby

 * Laura González (rugby union)
 * Lucas González Amorosino

Shooting

 * Jorge González (sport shooter)
 * José González (Mexican sport shooter)
 * José González (Puerto Rican sport shooter)
 * José González (Spanish sport shooter)
 * Manuel González (sport shooter)

Swimming

 * Erika González
 * Fernando González (swimmer)
 * Hugo González (swimmer)
 * Jorge González (swimmer)
 * José González (Spanish swimmer)
 * Luis González (swimmer)
 * Mario González (swimmer)
 * Rodrigo González (swimmer)

Tennis

 * Fernando González
 * Francisco González (tennis)
 * Máximo González
 * Pancho Gonzales
 * Santiago González (tennis)

Track and Field

 * Alegna González, racewalker
 * Griselda González, long-distance runner
 * Guillermo González (athlete), sprinter
 * Iglandini González, long-distance runner
 * Iván Darío González, middle- and long-distance runner
 * Jermaine Gonzales, runner
 * Jorge González (athlete), Olympic runner
 * Jorge González (Spanish athlete), middle-distance runner
 * José Antonio González (athlete), race walker
 * José Luis González (runner), middle- and long-distance runner
 * Luis Javier González, middle-distance runner
 * Manuel González (athlete), Olympic sprinter
 * Mariela González, marathon
 * Mauricio González (athlete), long-distance runner
 * Mayra González (athlete), sprinter
 * Radamés González, marathon
 * Raúl González (racewalker)
 * Tomás González (sprinter)

Volleyball

 * Fernando González (volleyball)
 * José Luis González (volleyball)
 * Juan González (volleyball)
 * Juana González

Wrestling

 * Dr. Wagner (Manuel González Rivera)
 * El Hijo del Diablo (Juan Carlos Gonzales)
 * Jorge González (wrestler)
 * José González (wrestler)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: González (surname)


text:
User:Arne List

I am Arne from Kiel, Germany (born in Lübeck, grown up in Eutin and Flensburg, emigrated to Westberlin and returned to my homeland Schleswig-Holstein in 1998). My main interests are the Faroes but also related topics in Scandinavia.

Arne means eagle, and List means art (in old Germanic and Norse). It's my baptismal name for some reasons, I had no choice. However, this name needs no nicknames, so I never got some, which could become popular enough, to replace the "art eagle". :-)))

Languages
I speak English and Danish fluently (or let's say: I read it every day, can follow the radio, and bother a fellow with those languages in a pub); but struggle with Faroese.

As you know, a Danish speaker has no big difficulties with reading Swedish and Norwegian, but I cannot write in those languages (and have no actual need for it) However, if you write in any Scandinavic, I will understand you somehow. If not: Hope to switch into English.

Understanding Spanish, French and other Roman languages is sometimes possible by reading, but forget me in any attempt to form just one thought in it. However, I like Spanish very much by its sound :-)

Show me a written piece in Turkish (or even Arabic), and I'll read it loud, but... eh... what does it mean? However, Arabic grammar is impressing me, but I just know the alphabet and some words, but I can use a dictionary and a grammar book ;-)

Contributions to Wikipedia
First and foremost, I am writing articles in the German category de:Kategorie:Färöer. I am also administrator of the Faroese Wikipedia, make a Faroese-German Dictionary and from 2007 a Faroese-English Dictionary

Travel
ar:مستخدم:Arne List cs:Wikipedista:Arne List da:Bruger:Arne List de:Benutzer:Arne List fo:Brúkari:Arne List fr:Utilisateur:Arne List it:Utente:Arne List nl:Gebruiker:Arne List pl:Wikipedysta:Arne List pt:Usuário:Arne List sv:Användare:Arne List

title: User:Arne List


text:
Baron Coleraine

Baron Coleraine is a title that has been created three times, twice in the Peerage of Ireland and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

The first creation came in the Peerage of Ireland in 1625 for the courtier Hugh Hare. This creation became extinct on the death of the third Baron in 1749.

The second creation came in the Peerage of Ireland in 1762 in favour of Gabriel Hanger, Member of Parliament for Maidstone and Bridgwater. The third Baron represented East Retford, Aldborough and Mitchell in the House of Commons. The fourth Baron was a soldier, politician and eccentric. The title became extinct on his death in 1824.

The third creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1954 when the Conservative politician Richard Law was made Baron Coleraine, of Haltemprice in the East Riding of the County of York. He was the youngest son of the former Prime Minister Bonar Law. the title is held by the first Baron's grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded in 2020.

The family seat is The Dower House, near Sunderlandwick, East Riding of Yorkshire.

Barons Coleraine, first creation (1625)

 * Hugh Hare, 1st Baron Coleraine (1606–1667)
 * Henry Hare, 2nd Baron Coleraine (1636–1708)
 * Hon. Hugh Hare (1668–1707)
 * Henry Hare, 3rd Baron Coleraine (1694–1749)

Barons Coleraine, second creation (1762)

 * Gabriel Hanger, 1st Baron Coleraine (1697–1773)
 * John Hanger, 2nd Baron Coleraine (1743–1794)
 * William Hanger, 3rd Baron Coleraine (1744–1814)
 * George Hanger, 4th Baron Coleraine (1751–1824)

Barons Coleraine, third creation (1954)

 * Richard Kidston Law, 1st Baron Coleraine (1901–1980)
 * James Martin Bonar Law, 2nd Baron Coleraine (1931–2020)
 * James Peter Bonar Law, 3rd Baron Coleraine (b. 1975)

The heir presumptive to the peerage is the present holder's uncle, Hon. Andrew Bonar Law (b. 1933), whose son and heir, and the last heir-in-line to the title, is Richard Pitcairne Bonar Law (b. 1963)

title: Baron Coleraine


text:
Sceptridium

Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae, closely allied to (and often included as a subgenus of) the genus Botrychium (the moonworts and grapeferns). It is also closely related to the genus Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern, often treated as the subgenus Osmundopteris under Botrychium). Sceptridium species are commonly called the grape-ferns.

These plants are small with fleshy roots, and reproduce by spores shed into the air. They differ from the moonworts in having at least some sterile fronds (all fronds in Botrychium are spore-bearing), and in the fronds being bi- or tri-pinnate (Botrychium are single pinnate, or rarely bipinnate); and from Botrypus in being evergreen, or at least winter-green (Botrypus are deciduous) and having the non-spore-bearing part of the frond long-stalked (short-stalked in Botrypus).

Phylogeny
Phylogeny of Sceptridium

Species

 * S. × argutum Sahashi
 * S. atrovirens Sahashi
 * S. australe (Brown) Lyon (parsley fern)
 * S. biforme (Col.) Lyon (fine-leaved parsley fern)
 * S. biternatum (Sav.) Lyon (sparse-lobed grapefern, southern grapefern)
 * S. daucifolium (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Lyon
 * S. decompositum (von Martius & Gal.) Lyon
 * S. dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon (cut-leaved grape-fern)
 * S. × elegans Sahashi
 * S. formosanum (Tagawa) Holub
 * S. japonicum (Prantl) Lyon
 * S. javanicum Sahashi
 * S. jenmanii (Underwood) Lyon (Alabama grape-fern)
 * S. × longistipitatum Sahashi
 * S. lunarioides (Michaux) Holub (winter grapefern)
 * S. microphyllum Sahashi
 * S. multifidum (Gmelin) Nishida ex Tag. (leather grape-fern)
 * S. nipponicum (Makino) Holub
 * S. oneidense (Gilbert) Holub (blunt-leaved grape-fern)
 * S. × pseudoternatum (Sahashi)
 * S. × pulchrum Sahashi
 * S. robustum (Rupr.) Lyon
 * S. rugulosum (Wagner) Skoda & Holub (ternate grape-fern, St. Lawrence grape fern, rugulose grape fern)
 * S. schaffneri (Underwood) Lyon
 * S. × silvicola (Sahashi) Ebihara
 * S. subbifoliatum (Brack.) Lyon (island grape-fern)
 * S. ternatum (Thunberg) Lyon
 * S. triangularifolium Sahashi
 * S. underwoodianum (Maxon) Lyon

title: Sceptridium


text:
Middle America (United States)

Middle America is a colloquial term for the United States heartland, especially the culturally suburban areas of the United States, typically the Lower Midwestern region of the country, which consists of Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and downstate Illinois.

Middle America is generally used as both a geographic and cultural label, suggesting a central United States small town or suburb that is equidistant from most parts of the country, has a temperate climate, where most people speak with a General American accent, are middle class or upper middle class, Evangelical or Mainline Protestant, and typically European Americans, particularly of Anglo-Saxon Protestant, Ulster Scot, or Germanic descent.

As a geographical label
Geographically, the label Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. The term has been used in some cases to refer to the inland portions of coastal states, especially if they are rural. Alternately, the term is used to describe the central United States.

As a cultural label
Middle America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive, urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".

The plots of such American films as Sweet Home Alabama and The Judge center on the contrast between big city life and that of a typical "Middle America" small town; in both, a protagonist with a successful big city career is drawn back to an old hometown. Similarly, the protagonist of John Grisham's novel  The Associate leaves a well-paid job at a giant Wall Street law firm and goes to work with his lawyer father in his hometown, York, Pennsylvania. The contrast between "Middle America" and big city America is evident in the life of the fictional superhero Superman – growing up as Superboy in the archetypal Smallville and as an adult moving to the equally archetypal Metropolis. The depiction of Ron Kovic's childhood in the early parts of Born on the Fourth of July also fits the cultural perceptions of "Middle America" (though Kovic's hometown, Massapequa, is physically located in Long Island). The same applies to the episode of Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead which is set in Clayton, Ohio and which depicts that town as the archetype of "Middle America", the polar opposite of the cosmopolitan New York City where most of the novel's plot takes place.

Recently, there has been a diversification in the demographics traditionally attributed to Middle America. Individuals and families of various ethnic backgrounds, including Asians and Hispanics, have started to reside in small towns in various interior states, including, but not limited to, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio.

Economy

Historically, the economy of Middle America has been supported by agricultural worker and industry labor. Housing prices tend to be significantly less volatile than those on the coasts, and houses tend to appreciate in value more slowly, the late 2000s mortgage crisis notwithstanding.

Politics
The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics. However, across the United States and more recently in the South, metropolitan areas and major university towns tend to be politically and socially progressive. Examples of such metropolitan areas include Kansas City, Missouri; Columbus, Ohio; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns include Madison, Wisconsin; Champaign, Illinois; Bloomington, Indiana; Carbondale, Illinois; Lawrence, Kansas; Athens, Ohio; and Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reflecting these countervailing trends, many political battleground states are situated in "Middle America."

Despite likely being an apocryphal story, President Lyndon Johnson has been widely attributed as stating “[i]f I’ve lost Cronkite, I’ve lost Middle America," after viewing a CBS Evening News report by Walter Cronkite critical of U.S. prospects in the Vietnam War in February 1968. The quote is often cited in relation to Johnson's subsequent change of heart a month later in declining to seek re-election in 1968.

title: Middle America (United States)


text:
Decree on Land

The Decree on Land (Декретъ о землѣ), written by Vladimir Lenin, was passed by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on 8 November 1917, following the success of the October Revolution.

It decreed an abolition of private property, and the redistribution of the landed estates amongst the peasantry. According to the Decree on Land, the peasants had seized the lands of the nobility, monasteries and Church. This decree was followed on February 19, 1918, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, "The Fundamental Law of Land Socialization". These decrees were amended by the 1922 Land Code.

Extracts
(1) Landed proprietorship is abolished forthwith without any compensation.

(2) The landed estates, as also all crown, monastery, and church lands, with all their livestock, implements, buildings and everything pertaining thereto, shall be placed at the disposal of the volost land committees and the uyezd Soviets of Peasants' Deputies pending the convocation of the Constituent Assembly.

(3) All damage to confiscated property, which henceforth belongs to the whole people, is proclaimed a grave crime to be punished by the revolutionary courts. The uyezd Soviets of Peasants' Deputies shall take all necessary measures to assure the observance of the strictest order during the confiscation of the landed estates, to determine the size of estates, and the particular estates subject to confiscation, to draw up exact inventories of all property confiscated and to protect in the strictest revolutionary way all agricultural enterprises transferred to the people, with all buildings, implements, livestock, stocks of produce, etc.

(4) The following peasant Mandate, compiled by the newspaper Izvestia Vserossiiskogo Soveta Krestyanskikh Deputatov from 242 local peasant mandates and published in No. 88 of that paper (Petrograd, No. 88, August 19, 1917), shall serve everywhere to guide the implementation of the great land reforms until a final decision on the latter is taken by the Constituent Assembly.

 * Peasant Mandate on the Land

"The land question in its full scope can be settled only by the popular Constituent Assembly.

The most equitable settlement of the land question is to be as follows:

(1) Private ownership of land shall be abolished forever; land shall not be sold, purchased, leased, mortgaged, or otherwise alienated.

All land, whether state, crown, monastery, church, factory, entailed, private, public, peasant, etc., shall be confiscated without compensation and become the property of the whole people, and pass into the use of all those who cultivate it.

Persons who suffer by this property revolution shall be deemed to be entitled to public support only for the period necessary for adaptation to the new conditions of life.

(2) All mineral wealth ? ore, oil, coal, salt, etc., and also all forests and waters of state importance, shall pass into the exclusive use of the state. All the small streams, lakes, woods, etc., shall pass into the use of the communes, to be administered by the local self-government bodies.

(3) Lands on which high-level scientific farming is practised ? orchards, tree-farms, seed plots, nurseries, hothouses, etc. ? shall not be divided up, but shall be converted into model farms, to be turned over for exclusive use to the state or to the communes, depending on the size and importance of such lands.

Household land in towns and villages, with orchards and vegetable gardens, shall be reserved for the use of their present owners, the size of the holdings, and the size of tax levied for the use thereof, to be determined by law.

(4) Stud farms, government and private pedigree stock and poultry farms, etc., shall be confiscated and become the property of the whole people, and pass into the exclusive use of the state or a commune, depending on the size and importance of such farms.

The question of compensation shall be examined by the Constituent Assembly.

(5) All livestock and farm implements of the confiscated estates shall pass into the exclusive use of the state or a commune, depending on their size and importance, and no compensation shall be paid for this.

The farm implements of peasants with little land shall not be subject to confiscation.

(6) The right to use the land shall be accorded to all citizens of the Russian state (without distinction of sex) desiring to cultivate it by their own labour, with the help of their families, or in partnership, but only as long as they are able to cultivate it. The employment of hired labour is not permitted.

In the event of the temporary physical disability of any member of a village commune for a period of up to two years, the village commune shall be obliged to assist him for this period by collectively cultivating his land until he is again able to work.

Peasants who, owing to old age or ill-health, are permanently disabled and unable to cultivate the land personally, shall lose their right to the use of it but, in return, shall receive a pension from the state.

(7) Land tenure shall be on an equality basis, i.e., the land shall be distributed among the working people in conformity with a labour standard or a subsistence standard, depending on local conditions.

There shall be absolutely no restriction on the forms of land tenure ? household, farm, communal, or co-operative, as shall be decided in each individual village and settlement.

(8) All land, when alienated, shall become part of the national land fund. Its distribution among the peasants shall be in charge of the local and central self-government bodies, from democratically organised village and city communes, in which there are no distinctions of social rank, to central regional government bodies.

The land fund shall be subject to periodical redistribution, depending on the growth of population and the increase in the productivity and the scientific level of farming.

When the boundaries of allotments are altered, the original nucleus of the allotment shall be left intact.

The land of the members who leave the commune shall revert to the land fund; preferential right to such land shall be given to the near relatives of the members who have left, or to persons designated by the latter.

The cost of fertilisers and improvements put into the land, to the extent that they have not been fully used up at the time the allotment is returned to the land fund, shall be compensated.

Should the available land fund in a particular district prove inadequate for the needs of the local population, the surplus population shall be settled elsewhere.

The state shall take upon itself the organisation of resettlement and shall bear the cost thereof, as well as the cost of supplying implements, etc.

Resettlement shall be effected in the following order: landless peasants desiring to resettle, then members of the commune who are of vicious habits, deserters, and so on, and, finally, by lot or by agreement."

title: Decree on Land


text:
Botrychiaceae

Botrychiaceae (moonwort family) was recognized as a segregate family of ferns. The family included the genera Botrychium (the moonworts), Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern), and Sceptridium (the grape-ferns). Older fern classifications took a broad circumscription of Botrychium and included the genus in family Ophioglossaceae.

The family is not recognized in the classification of Smith et al., who instead subsume the Botrychiaceae into the Ophioglossaceae.

title: Botrychiaceae


text:
Baron Cornwallis

Baron Cornwallis is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The holders of the first creation were later made Earl Cornwallis and Marquess Cornwallis, but these titles are now extinct. For information on the first creation, see the Earl Cornwallis.

The second creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1927 when the Conservative politician Fiennes Cornwallis was created Baron Cornwallis, of Linton in the County of Kent. He had previously represented Maidstone in Parliament and served as chairman of the Kent County Council from 1910 to 1930. He was the son of Fiennes Cornwallis (who had been born Fiennes Wykeham-Martin but had assumed the surname of Cornwallis by Royal licence in 1859), son of Charles Wykeham-Martin and Lady Jemima Isabella, daughter of James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis. The first Baron's second but eldest surviving son, the second Baron, also served as chairman of the Kent County Council and was Lord Lieutenant of Kent. the title is held by the latter's grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded in March 2010. His wife, Sara, serves as Deputy Lieutenant of Perth and Kinross.

Barons Cornwallis, First creation (1661)

 * see Earl Cornwallis

Barons Cornwallis, Second creation (1927)

 * Fiennes Stanley Wykeham Cornwallis, 1st Baron Cornwallis (1864–1935)
 * Wykeham Stanley Cornwallis, 2nd Baron Cornwallis (1892–1982)
 * Fiennes Neil Wykeham Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis (1921–2010)
 * Fiennes Wykeham Jeremy Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis (born 1946)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son the Honourable Fiennes Alexander Wykeham Martin Cornwallis (born 1987).

title: Baron Cornwallis


text:
Thomas Parker

Thomas Parker may refer to:

Politicians

 * Thomas Parker (died 1570) (c. 1510–1570), for Norwich
 * Thomas Parker (died 1558) (by 1519–1558), MP for Cricklade
 * Thomas Parker (died 1580) (by 1527–1580), MP for East Grinstead
 * Thomas Parker (died 1663) (1595–1663), MP for Hastings, Seaford and Sussex
 * Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield (1666–1732), English Whig politician
 * Thomas Parker, 6th Earl of Macclesfield (1811–1896), British peer, formerly Conservative MP for Oxfordshire, 1837–1841
 * Thomas Sutherland Parker (1829–1868), physician and political figure in Ontario, Canada
 * Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield (1723–1795), British peer and politician

Sportspeople

 * Thomas Parker (rugby league), Welsh rugby league footballer of the 1920s and 1930s
 * Thomas Parker (rower) (1883–?), Australian rower
 * Thomas Parker (footballer) (1907–1964), English footballer
 * Thomas Parker (cricketer) (1845–1880), English-born New Zealand cricketer

Others

 * Thomas Parker (minister) (1595–1677), English nonconforming clergyman and founder of Newbury, Massachusetts
 * Thomas Parker (deacon) (1605–1683), founder of Reading, Massachusetts and deacon of the 12th Congregational Church
 * Sir Thomas Parker (English judge) (1695–1784), Chief Baron of the Exchequer
 * Thomas Parker (soldier, born 1753) (1753–1820), American soldier
 * Thomas Parker (engineer) (1843–1916), British railway engineer
 * Thomas Parker (inventor) (1843–1915), British electrical engineer and inventor
 * Thomas Parker (Maine judge) (1783–1860), judge, writer, philanthropist
 * Thomas Jeffery Parker (1850–1897), British zoologist
 * Thomas Parker (soldier, born 1822), Union Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 * Thomas Lister Parker (1779–1858), English antiquary

title: Thomas Parker


text:
User talk:Raptor~enwiki

Even if you are User:Bird, vandalizing other user's talk pages isn't acceptable here. Would you please calm down, and stop actions which will only make other users more aggressive against you. This is getting neither you nor us anywhere. andy 21:59, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

try phrasing a statement about your future actions and pray to whoever your god is my actions somehow make some approach to meeting your preferences. I suggest you calm down. I can do this 24/7 for the next 20. I have no interet in other users aggression accept to have an opportunity to identify the likely aggressors who rush to the forefront into conflicts about which they know nothing.

In as much as I have contributed the articles vigilantees are now coveting, I have explained that this aggression is not a result of my actions but rather is a likely upregulated dopaminergic expectation, and essentially group pathological behavior. Yes, that is the article these vigilantes are drooling to retain, but none has read it or comprehended it. There is no vandalism going on here - only explicit, forceful communication, so go choke on your slander.

Please Stop Vandalizing Birds talk page --  Quinwound 22:10, Mar 8, 2004 (UTC)

THen I will vandalize yours

04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)04:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)~

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Raptor. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Raptor~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:36, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Raptor~enwiki


text:
User:Raptor~enwiki

This page was created after a mob of vigilantes vandalized the USERtalk:Bird page because they were angry that Bird would comply with their demands to endorse articles Bird created but in which Bird lost confidence.

title: User:Raptor~enwiki