text:
USS St. Lo

USS St. Lo (AVG/ACV/CVE–63) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy during World War II. On 25 October 1944, St. Lo became the first major warship to sink as the result of a kamikaze attack. The attack occurred during the Battle off Samar, part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf.

Construction
St. Lo was laid down as Chapin Bay on 23 January 1943, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1100; renamed Midway on 3 April 1943; launched on 17 August 1943; sponsored by Mrs Howard Nixon Coulter, commissioned on 23 October 1943.

Service history
Midway left Astoria, Oregon on 13 November 1943. She went dry docking on 10 April 1944. After shakedown on the west coast and two voyages to Pearl Harbor and one to Australia, carrying replacement aircraft, Midway, with Composite Squadron 65 (VC-65) embarked, joined Rear Admiral Gerald F. Bogan's Carrier Support Group 1 in June, for the Mariana Islands. She provided air cover for the transports and participated in airstrikes on Saipan VC-65's FM-2 Wildcats claimed to have shot down four and damaged one other Japanese aircraft during combat air patrol operations there.

On 13 July, she sailed for Eniwetok, for replenishment before joining the attack on Tinian, on 23 July. Furnishing air support for ground forces on the island and maintaining an anti-submarine patrol, Midway operated off Tinian, until she again headed out for supplies on 28 July.

Midway remained at anchor in Eniwetok Atoll, until she got under way on 9 August, for Seeadler Harbor, at Manus, Admiralty Islands, arriving on 13 August.

On 13 September, she sortied with Task Force 77 (TF 77) for the invasion of Morotai. Launching her first aircraft to support the landings on 15 September. She continued to assist allied troops ashore and provide cover for the transports through 22 September.

After a refueling period, Midway resumed air operations in the Palaus until returning to Seeadler Harbor on 3 October. There, word arrived that the escort carrier had been renamed St. Lo, 10 October, to free the name Midway for a new attack carrier and to commemorate the Battle of Saint-Lô, on 18 July 1944.

Battle off Samar
St. Lo departed Seeadler Harbor on 12 October, to participate in the liberation of Leyte. Ordered to provide air coverage and close air support during the bombardment and amphibious landings, she arrived off Leyte on 18 October. She launched airstrikes in support of invasion operations at Tacloban, on the northeast coast of Leyte. Operating with Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague's escort carrier unit, "Taffy 3" (TU 77.4.3), which consisted of six escort carriers and a screen of three destroyers and four destroyer escorts, St. Lo steamed off the east coasts of Leyte and Samar and her aircraft sortied from 18 to 24 October, attacking enemy installations and airfields on Leyte and Samar islands.

Steaming about 60 mi east of Samar, before dawn of 25 October, St. Lo launched a four-aircraft anti-submarine patrol while the remaining carriers of Taffy 3 prepared for the day's initial airstrikes against the landing beaches. The Battle off Samar began at 06:47, when Ensign Bill Brooks – piloting one of the TBF Avengers from St. Lo – reported sighting a large Japanese force comprising four battleships, eight cruisers and twelve destroyers approaching from the west-northwest, only 17 mi away. At the same time, lookouts on St. Lo spotted the characteristic pagoda-like superstructures of Japanese battleships on the horizon. Rear Admiral Sprague ordered Taffy 3 to turn south at flank speed. Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's force closed and by about 06:58 opened fire on the slow, outnumbered and outgunned ships of Taffy 3.

St. Lo and the other five escort carriers dodged in and out of rain squalls and managed to launch all available fighter and torpedo aircraft with whatever armament they had available. Pilots were ordered, "to attack the Japanese task force and proceed to Tacloban airstrip, Leyte, to rearm and refuel" as the carriers managed to dodge salvos from enemy cruisers and battleships.

By 08:00, the enemy cruisers, approaching from St. Lo's port quarter, had closed to within 14000 yd. St. Lo responded with fire from her single 5 in gun, claiming three hits on a Tone-class cruiser.

For the next 90 minutes, Admiral Kurita's ships closed in on Taffy 3, with his nearest destroyers and cruisers firing from as close as 10000 yd on the port and starboard quarters of St. Lo. Many salvos straddled the ship, landed close aboard, or passed directly overhead. Throughout the battle, the carriers and their escorts used smoke screens that Admiral Sprague credited with degrading Japanese gun accuracy. More effective were the attacks by the destroyers and destroyer escorts against the Japanese ships. All the while, Kurita's force was under attack by Taffy 3 aircraft and aircraft from the two other U.S. carrier units to the south.

Under attack from the air and fire from American destroyers and destroyer escorts, the enemy cruisers broke off the action and turned north at 09:20. At 09:15, the enemy destroyers which had been kept at bay by the exploits of USS Johnston (DD-557), USS Hoel (DD-533) and USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) as well as the other units of Taffy 3 – launched a premature torpedo attack from 10500 yd. The torpedoes had nearly run out of fuel when they finally approached the escort carriers, broaching the surface. A St. Lo Avenger, piloted by Lieutenant, junior grade Tex Waldrop, strafed two torpedoes in the wake of USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68).

Kamikaze

At 10:50, the task unit came under a concentrated air attack by the Shikishima Special Attack Unit. During the forty-minute engagement with enemy kamikazes, all the escort carriers except USS Fanshaw Bay (CVE-70) were damaged. One Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero – perhaps flown by Lieutenant Yukio Seki – crashed into the flight deck of St. Lo at 10:51. Seki was originally aiming to strike the carrier White Plains but damage from anti-aircraft fire made him change course to the St. Lo. Its bomb penetrated the flight deck and exploded on the port side of the hangar deck, where aircraft were in the process of being refueled and rearmed. A gasoline fire erupted, followed by secondary explosions, including detonations of the ship's torpedo and bomb magazine. St. Lo was engulfed in flame and sank 30 minutes later.

Of the 889 men aboard, 113 were killed or missing and approximately 30 others died of their wounds. The survivors were rescued from the water by USS Heermann (DD-532), USS John C. Butler (DE-339), USS Raymond (DE-341) and USS Dennis (DE-405) (which picked up 434 survivors).

The wreck is located near 11.02°N, 126.04°W.

Awards

 * Presidential Unit Citation
 * American Campaign Medal
 * Asiatic-Pacific Medal with 4 awards
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
 * Philippine Liberation Medal

Wreck
The wreck of St. Lo was found by RV Petrel on 14 May 2019 and surveyed on 25 May 2019. The main wreck sits upright in 4,736 meters (15,538 feet) of water, on the edge of the Philippine Trench.

title: USS St. Lo


text:
Talk:Richard Lewontin

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:10, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

must distinguish sociobiology/evolutionary psychology from behavioral genetics
The following quotation is found under the heading of Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology: "In books such as Not in Our Genes (co-authored with Steven Rose and Leon J. Kamin) and numerous articles, Lewontin has questioned much of the claimed heritability of human behavioral traits such as intelligence as measured by IQ tests, promoted by books such as The Bell Curve."

This gives the impression that claims such as those made in the Bell Curve belong to sociobiology/ev psych. But this is not the case; the study of the role of genetic differences in the production of individual differences belongs to the field of behavioral genetics. Sociobiology/ev psych tends to focus on what people have in common. This part of the article should be changed.

acting talent?
"When an eminent Franco-American actor saw Lewontin's performance, he dubbed him the most naturally talented actor he had ever seen, and attempted to get him to sign a Hollywood contract."
 * performance in what? I've removed that pending clearer wording and some kind of reference. -- Danny Yee 13:57, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

older stuff

 * Lewontin has been a persistent critic of the type of genetic determinism espoused by some neo-Darwinists such as Richard Dawkins.

I want to edit that, but I don't dare, because I'm not sure whether my edits would count as NPOV. Lewontin and Gould's argument with Dawkins appears to based entirely on a straw-man misunderstanding of Dawkins et al's "genetic determinism" (Dawkins covers this in A Devil's Chaplain, the end-notes of the 2nd ed of The Selfish Gene and The Extended Phenotype. Matt Ridley and Stephen Pinker have also done good at showing that Lewontin's argument's based on a misunderstanding (Ridley's Nature via Nurture and Genome and Pinker's The Blank Slate)... --Steinsky 01:45, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I have edited the sentence cited above, because it gave the impression that Dawkins et al are espousing genetic determinism, when in fact that is just one (I think rather misleading) view of what they are saying.

 * The article would also, I feel, benefit from a paragraph or two outlining the response to Lewontin from the sociobiology / evolutionary psychology camp. R Lowry 20:12, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The article should refer to Lewontin's extreme leftist politics, and mention that his rejection of sociobiology has been criticized as being perhaps influenced by his political ideology. And if you can do this and still be NPOV, you get a cookie.  Tim Shell

 * This is just from memory, but doesn't Steven Pinker's latest book The Blank Slate refer a quote by Lewontin where he openly admits that he's only interested in doing and supporting science matching his political views? I seem to remember it does, so if someone wants to dig up a quote from Lewontin to build up this argument, it might be wise to start looking there for the reference.   Mortene 09:07, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Rather than getting too worked up about ideology and politics (which have a place, but shouldn't be the focus of the article) and having this turn into a "he-says, she-says" kind of Wikipedia article. I would rather see this article expanded further in the coverage of Lewontin's science, particularly in the early days of population genetics and molecular evolution, where he has been hugely influential and developed a good deal of mathematics and analysis which continues to inform the field to this day.  His scientific output in these areas (particularly in the early days), is more notable in the scientific community than his views on sociobiology, which are relatively small part of his output. --Lexor|Talk 09:39, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I was just reading Matt Ridley's Nature via Nurture, and it is mentioned that Lewontin was the first to prove that there is on average a far greater genetic difference between two randomly selected individuals from the same race, than the average between any two different races. (Chapter 8, "Conondrums of Culture", page 204 in my hardcover edition.) Sounds like a major scientific finding, which should be mentioned in the article. Ridley gives no reference for just this statement, though. Anyone here know more about this? Mortene 12:49, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It was referenced later in the book: Lewontin, R.C. 1972 "The apportionment of human diversity" Evolutionary Biology 6:381-98. I'll make a note of this scientific accomplishment in the article, if there are no protests. Mortene 09:18, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, Lewontin was one of the major contributors to that result and that reference sounds about the right timeframe. I haven't read the paper itself, possibly a good idea.  If none of use gets around to digging up the original, and if you think Ridley summarizes it correctly, just say: Lewontin 1972 blah, blah as cited by Ridley 2004(?) blah, blah.... --Lexor|Talk 14:36, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * "Lewontin was the first to prove that there is on average a far greater genetic difference between two randomly selected individuals from the same race, than the average between any two different races" - a paper on this topic is called Lewontin's Fallacy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewontin%27s_Fallacy and should probably get a link on this page.

Are these universities in chronological order?

North Carolina State University, the University of Rochester, and the University of Chicago

 * Yes, they are in chronological order. I worked as a summer programmer for Lewontin in 1963 at the University of Rochester, and then became his graduate student at the University of Chicago in 1964.  Earlier he had been at North Carolina State University.  Felsenst (talk) 13:50, 5 July 2015 (UTC)

Removal
Yep, quite correct Danny Yee. I took out the MacDonald reference from the sources, but I missed the parenthetical mention. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 21:27, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

this isn't a message board.

Russian or Ukraine American?
Is Richard Lewontin an Russian (or Ukraine) American? This may have something to do with his political views. Anyhow, if someone knows this, this may be added to the section on his biography. (Postdoc 18:44, 31 July 2007 (UTC))

Lewontin's Fallacy
A section has been added by an anonymous user 87.114.148.156 which is mostly concerned to persuade us how wrong Lewontin was in committing Lewontin's fallacy and how terribly misleading this has been. This has been struggled with on the page Lewontin's Fallacy and reached a reasonable state, where it is made clear that whether there is such a Fallacy depends on what question is being asked (and a reference to a paper by R. Chakraborty saying that was given). The present section quotes material from that page while coming to a very different conclusion. The fact that with enough loci we can differentiate clearly between, say, Norwegians and Swedes, does not persuade us that we ought to call those different races. The author of this new section apparently thinks this, though. This anonymous author should reconsider. Felsenst 06:35, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

As the anonymous author has not reconsidered, I have removed the sentences
 * "Organisations such as the American Anthropological Association, and many academics and politicians frequently cite this fallacy as though it were fact with the cliche that 'the differences between races are the same as those within them', Edwards' work clarifies the fallaciousness of this statement. The types of difference between races are not the same as the types of differences within them"

as these convey the wholly misleading impression that differences between races are somehow special and utterly unlike differences between any two populations. Edwards's point, that one can discriminate clearly between races by using enough loci, is true for any two populations, the difference being that more loci will be required the less the populations differ. Felsenst (talk) 05:50, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The entire section seems odd at best. One can find numerous papers critical of Lewontin's views. Why should this one particularly be selected for an entire section here? Doesn't a link in the "see also" section suffice? Furthermore, it's in the section on Lewontin's critique of evolutionary theory. This is clearly an unsuitable location for a reference to criticism of Lewontin himself. --Silver Pyrogenesis (talk) 16:17, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Intelligence Citations Bibliography for Articles Related to IQ Testing
You may find it helpful while reading or editing articles to look at a bibliography of  Intelligence Citations, posted for the use of all Wikipedians who have occasion to edit articles on human intelligence and related issues. I happen to have circulating access to a huge academic research library at a university with an active research program in those issues (and to another library that is one of the ten largest public library systems in the United States) and have been researching these issues since 1989. You are welcome to use these citations for your own research. You can help other Wikipedians by suggesting new sources through comments on that page. -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk) 03:01, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

Critique of orthodox evolutionary biology
I've removed two cryptic, unexplained figures from this section. While one might guess at the meaning of the figures, no legend is given, nor a reference to some work of Lewontin's that might explain them, and one contains an outright error ('adaptionist' [sic]). The title of the section is also poorly chosen-- Lewontin's views are pretty much the definition of orthodox evolutionary biology-- but the section does address some important views of Lewontin, and I don't have any immediate suggestions for cleaning up it's title and content. MayerG (talk) 05:49, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

"Personal life" section
This isn't at all about his "personal life - which should be about family etc.

What we have here is a bit about his academic interactions with some academic philosophers. If this information is to be included in this article, it should be classified elsewhere.

If there is to be a "Personal life" section, it should contain appropriate information. If there is none to be had (or if no-one wants to, or is brave enough, to write it here), then this section should be removed. 101.117.70.185 (talk) 02:52, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

At least his wife's name shoud be corrected. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.80.45.176 (talk) 03:41, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Some oral history on Lewontin from EO Wilson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4TwiXs056A has some of EO Wilson's recounting of Lewontin--some info which we might want to include starting at about 7 min in. I haven't figured out a good way to integrate it yet (if at all)--but note it here as a reminder to me and others to think it through more. The information about Lewontin's scientific productivity does seem important, although I'm not sure the best way to integrate this. Pengortm (talk) 04:47, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Pronunciation of "Lewontin"
Can we can a pronunciation key for "Lewontin"? Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 03:53, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

 * "Can we can"?  If you mean "can we have", actually no.  I was Dick's graduate student in the mid-1960s.  Whenever someone asked him which way he wanted to have his name pronounced,  LEW-on-tin  or  le-WON-tin, he would say that either was OK with him.  Most people I know use the former.  Felsenst (talk) 00:12, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Vendalism recent BLP/EVADE policy-motivated edits by WeijiBaikeBianji
Hi, repeated vandalism is done by WeijiBaikeBianji who delete important part of the general presentation about Lewontin. Something should be done. --195.244.166.33 (talk) 10:14, 28 July 2015 (UTC)
 * It is not vandalism. The content you are adding is unsourced and violates wikipedia policy - please read WP:RS and WP:BLP. Melcous (talk) 11:38, 28 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Before you come to edit English-language Wikipedia, please learn to spell English words like "vandalism". By the bright-line policy of WP:BLP, "Contentious material about living persons (or, in some cases, recently deceased) that is unsourced or poorly sourced – whether the material is negative, positive, neutral, or just questionable – should be removed immediately and without waiting for discussion." This is a known exception to the rule about how many times one editor may revert an edit. Also an exception to the rule about counting repeated reversions is the rule about evading blocks. "Anyone is free to revert any edits made in violation of a block, without giving any further reason and without regard to the three-revert rule." Rather, you, sir, should provide a positive rationale for content that you propose be put into a Wikipedia article, based on  reliable sources, and you should be especially careful about that when referring to living person. And you should not misuse false accusations of "Vendalism" against an editor (me) who knows the rules here, so I will refactor the title of your comment according to  the rule, "Talk pages are for improving the encyclopedia, not for expressing personal opinions on a subject or an editor." -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk, how I edit) 13:36, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

 * I call on the team of administrators of Wikipedia to protect this page from I.P. edits so that the repeated defamatory vandalism by 195.244.166.33 does not recur here. -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk, how I edit) 19:54, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

Mary Jane, not Mary Ann
Richard Lewontin is married to Mary Jane Lewontin, not Mary Ann. If you search (Google) for "Mary Jane Lewontin" you will find an interview where Lewontin himself refers to his wife as "Mary Jane". Felsenst (talk) 06:27, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Fine, correct it. Thank you for explaining the issue on the talk page. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 06:31, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Death
https://twitter.com/PetrovADmitri/status/1411822640856137732

https://usdaynews.com/celebrities/celebrity-death/richard-lewontin-death-cause/#

Waiting for confirmation in MSM. Hanjaf1 (talk) 00:10, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

Dick and genetic simulation
A "citation needed" tag in the section on Dick's work in population genetics suggests that the text has it backwards, that surely he must have been the first to do multilocus simulations, not single-locus simulations. I wrote the offending sentence and I stand by it. There were multilocus simulations earlier (notably by Alex Fraser) but Dick's paper with L. C. Dunn in _Genetics_ in 1960 on the T-allele in mice simulated the behavior of that locus, and was the first simulation to concentrate on the behavior of a single locus. The theory and simulation in that paper was Dick's work. Felsenst (talk) 15:38, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

Work on human genetic diversity
I don't have time to figure out how/if to integrate this source yet, but came across the following:
 * "Edwards forwarded his (2003) paper to Ernst Mayr, perhaps the most important figure in the development ofmodern evolutionary theory. Mayr’s reply,which has never been published before, is quite interesting:
 * Thank you for your letter of 20Aug [2003] and your reprint about Lewontin’s trickery. I had already some years ago called attention to Lewontin’s misleading claims. I suggest

Lewontin’s [2000] book The Triple Helix. The unwary reader will not discover how totally biased his presentation is. All evidence opposed to his claims is simply omitted! And if you present the truth you are denounced as a Nazi or Fascist! The public unfortunately is all too easily deceived! Particularly when wishful thinking is involved!
 * Best regards
 * Ernst Mayr
 * Many scientists have complained in private correspondences that Lewontin’s science was heavily influenced by his politics. Francis Crick wrote to Peter Medawar in 1977: “Lewontin…is known to be strongly politically biased and himself admits to being scientifically unscrupulous on these issues. That is, he takes them as political ones and therefore feels justified in the use of biased arguments” (quoted in Sesardic 2010, 434). Very few scientists have expressed such views in public, and, in some cases, they may have been prevented from expressing such views by reluctant publishers. Fear of being “denounced as a Nazi or Fascist”—among both scientists and publishers of scientific material—has been effective in stifling open inquiry for decades into issues thought to have implications for morality or politics." -Pengortm (talk) 00:20, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

Name removed improperly
The name of one of Dick's students was improperly removed from the list of his students in the combox, on the grounds that this student did not himself have a Wikipedia page. But the student does have a Wikipedia page. I refer, of course to myself. Felsenst (talk) 19:58, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Restored. Thanks for bringing this to our attention. Generalrelative (talk) 02:00, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Richard Lewontin


text:
Brother Jed

George Edward "Jed" Smock Jr. (January 4, 1943 – June 6, 2022), better known as Brother Jed, was an American evangelist whose open-air preaching ministry was concentrated on college campuses. He preached at major universities in all 50 US states and other countries. As an itinerant preacher, he usually spent only a few days on each campus, visiting the northern campuses in the fall and spring and the southern campuses in the winter. In 2004, he relocated to Columbia, Missouri, where he often preached at the University of Missouri and other colleges throughout the Midwest. In the summer of 2013, he relocated his ministry and residence to his hometown of Terre Haute, Indiana.

Biography
Brother Jed's self-described lifestyle of "drunkenness, dissipation, and debauchery" began while he was a freshman in high school. Older friends exposed him to alcohol, which became a regular part of his life. Smock began attending Indiana University in 1960. By his second year, he had established himself as the heaviest drinker in the fraternity. Smock would soon drop out of Indiana University and hitchhike to California, where he was a door-to-door encyclopedia salesman.

Smock would later go on to finish his undergraduate education at Indiana State University, continuing his previous lifestyle of "debauchery." There he graduated with honors, majoring in Social Studies with a minor of English. Smock states in his autobiography that, despite his lifestyle, he graduated near the top of his class, going straight to the bars after taking his last senior final exam. There he was hospitalized after being punched while trying to stop a fight, leaving him with a scar on his face. Smock claims to have woken up in an emergency room with no recollection of the night before, having details being filled in by his friend, and having gone back out to the bars that same night.

Smock attended graduate school at Indiana State University, where he earned a master's degree in history and wrote a thesis on "the personal effects of smoking seven straight joints of marijuana" while he was a research assistant in psychology for the Institute of Research into Human Behavior at the school. Smock served as a history professor for one year at the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse.

He converted to Christianity after being preached to by an Arab carrying a cross in Morocco.

Smock formed Campus Ministry USA, a para-church organization, in 1984. In 2004, the group moved its operations from Newark, Ohio to Columbia, Missouri, where he often preached at the University of Missouri on Speakers Circle.

Brother Jed left Columbia for Indiana in 2013. His family was documented for a pilot TV series while preaching in Indiana.

Brother Jed frequented Eastern Illinois University.

Personal life
Jed married Cynthia D. Lasseter Smock (who calls herself “Sister Cindy” when preaching). They have five daughters, all of whom have accompanied them on their travels and appearances on college campuses.

Preaching style and personal views
Smock wrote a spiritual autobiography, Who Will Rise Up? in which he described his dissolute youth and conversion experience, and presented his justification for his confrontational style of evangelism.

Smock and his wife Cindy used a distinctive preaching style, termed "confrontational evangelism" in the subtitle of his autobiography. This controversial variant of evangelism is shared by some street and campus preachers, who hope that a spiritual rebuke will force sinners to repent. In his autobiography, Smock referred to his college evangelical group as "The Destroyers", but this name is not presently being used on his website.

Smock was a member of the United Methodist Church, although his actions, views, and theology were not indicative of its positions.

College newspapers have reported some of his statements: "I don't know how the whorehouses in this town stay open — all of you sorority girls are giving it away for free!" and "Who are you, Bob Marley?" (addressed to a black student with dreadlocks). He often shouted, "A masturbator today is a homosexual tomorrow." His assistants carried signs declaring that feminists, liberals, and those who listen to rock and roll are destined for Hell, along with homosexuals, fornicators, those who use tampons, and masturbators. As a result of his aggressive, rude and confrontational style of preaching, Brother Jed was frequently mocked and accused of intolerance.

Besides issues relating to coarse language with immodest sexual references, Smock claimed to be sinless, holding a position called Christian perfection. He held to Pelagianism, identifying himself with the teachings of Pelagius. In addition, he held a view of God which denies that goodness is an essential attribute of God's nature.

Fictional portrayals
Smock's character was the basis of the 2012 short, Battle of the Sects, in which an extreme evangelical preacher visits a university only to be run out by the campus Christians.

title: Brother Jed


text:
User talk:TakuyaMurata/Japanese term translation

Japanese term translation
Does anyone have an idea to translate 政令指定都市 to English? -- Taku

 * Long: "Cities designated by government ordinance" ; short: "Government Ordinance City" . --Menchi 03:43, 7 Oct 2003 (UTC)
 * Thank very much. I googled but couldn't find good one. -- Taku

A couple of more They are terms related to Japanese cities and local governments. -- Taku
 * 中核市
 * 特例市
 * 地方公共団体

 * 中核市 = "core city", . You may already knew this, if not it may interest you: A Japanese core city must be over 300,000 in population, and 100 km² in area. A Chinese source
 * The Nippon Foundation Library's glossary translates 特例市 as "special case city".
 * I cannot find Japanese reference, but a Hong Kong online .doc says 地方公共團體 is "local authorities", and a Mainland Chinese webpage say it is "local self-government".
 * --Menchi 06:38, 7 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Thanks a lot. Particularly, a website http://nippon.zaidan.info/seikabutsu/2000/00086/contents/188.htm glossary seems really good place to find out translation terms. -- Taku

I think it can be translated into English as ?????? :-) dave 01:33, 16 Oct 2003 (UTC)