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Jüri Allik

Jüri Allik (born 3 March 1949 in Tallinn, Estonia), is an Estonian psychologist.

Career
Allik holds Ph.D. degrees in psychology both from the University of Moscow, Russia (1976) and University of Tampere, Finland (1991). Spending his academic career at the University of Tartu (with the exception of a stint at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland), he became Professor of Psychophysics in 1992, and is since 2002 Professor of Experimental Psychology. He was also the head of the University of Tartu's Department of Psychology and the chairman of the Estonian Science Foundation (2003-2009), as well as an editor of the Estonian English-language social science and humanities journal Trames.

Allik's contributions to international psychology lie mainly in two areas: visual perception and eye movement, and the comparative study of collectivism vs. individualism. Within Estonia and in Estonian, he has also published highly critical work on Sigmund Freud, the history of psychology, the measuring of science productivity, the transition of science, and quality control.

Allik was both President (1988–1994) and Vice President (1994–2001) of the Estonian Psychologists' Union (Eesti Psühholoogide Liit). He is a Foreign Member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Academia Europaea, and Estonian Academy of Sciences.

Personal life
Jüri Allik is married to psychologist Anu Realo.

Selected recent publications

 * Allik, J., Realo, A., Mõttus, R., Borkenau, P., Kuppens, P., & Hřebíèková, M. (2012). Person-fit to the five factor model of personality. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 71(1), 35–45. DOI 10.1024/1421-0185/a000066.
 * Allik, J., & McCrae, R.R. (2004). Towards a geography of personality traits: patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 13–28.
 * Allik, J., & Realo, A. (2004). Individualism-collectivism and social capital. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 29–49.
 * Allik, J., Toom, M., & Luuk, A. (2003). Planning of saccadic eye movement direction and amplitude. Psychological Research, 67, 10–21.
 * Kreegipuu, K., & Allik, J. (2003). Perceived onset time and position of a moving stimulus. Vision Research, 43, 1625–1635.
 * McCrae, R.R. & Allik, J. (Eds.), The Five-Factor Model Across Cultures. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
 * Aavik, T. & Allik, J. (2002). The structure of Estonian personal values: A lexical approach. European Journal of Personality, 16, 221–235.
 * Realo, A. & Allik, J. (1999). A cross-cultural study of collectivism: A comparison of American, Estonian, and Russian students. Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 133–142.
 * Toomela, A. & Allik, J. (1999). Components of verbal working memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22 (1), 110–111.
 * Allik, J. (1999). Perceiving emmattered form. Trames, 3 (53/48), 81–98.

title: Jüri Allik


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Annual general meeting

An annual general meeting (AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting of the general membership of an organization.

These organizations include membership associations and companies with shareholders.

These meetings may be required by law or by the constitution, charter, or by-laws governing the body. The meetings are held to conduct business on behalf of the organization or company.

Purpose
An organization may conduct its business at the annual general meeting. The business may include electing a board of directors, making important decisions regarding the organization, and informing the members of previous and future activities. At this meeting, the shareholders and partners may receive copies of the company's accounts, review fiscal information for the past year, and ask any questions regarding the directions the business will take in the future.

At the annual general meeting, the president or chairman of the organization presides over the meeting and may give an overall status of the organization. The secretary prepares the minutes and may be asked to read important papers. The treasurer may present a financial report. Other officers, the board of directors, and committees may give their reports. Attending this meeting are the members or the shareholders of the organization, depending on the type of organization.

At such meeting, the Company Secretary of the Company plays a crucial role in convening, conduct, and to attend the meeting. They may be supported by their Corporate Secretarial team.

Canada
Under the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act non-profit Canadian organizations must hold an annual general meeting and report its date to the government in its annual report.

Public companies in India
In India, the Companies Act 2013 ("Act") regulates the requirement to conduct an annual meeting of the members to discuss the four ordinary businesses. As per section 96 of the Act, every Company requires to conduct such a meeting by serving a notice of 21 days minimum length prior to the meeting either at the latest known address or email id of the members. However, a company may conduct such meeting through the issue of a notice of shorter length with prior approval of not less than 95 % of the members entitled to vote at such meeting. The members elects the auditors of the company in the annual general meeting.

The Act also mandates that such meeting shall be within prescribed time 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, to be not held on national holidays, and also to be conducted at the place/ town/ village where the registered office of the company situated. However, in the recent trends, as per the latest amendment notified by the Corporate Affairs ministry in India, the unlisted public companies may conduct such meeting in any part of India by taking in advance unanimous approval from all the members in writing or electronically.

The four business includes 1) Financial statement approval 2) Appointment of Director 3) Appointment & to fix the remuneration of statutory auditor 4) Declare the dividend

Private companies in India
In India, the Companies Act 2013 ("Act") regulates the requirement to conduct a meeting of its members have participation/ hold in the share capital of the company to meet on annual basis in a general meeting called annual general meeting within the prescribed time window the of 9:00 am to 6:00 pm on other than national holidays to discuss some important business includes financial statements approval.

Unlike the other countries, every Company incorporated in India require to conduct such meeting on or before the due date on the last day of the sixth month of every closing of the financial year.

In India, the Act has recently undergone major changes. The Corporate Affairs Ministry has recently enforced a new amendment act 'Companies 2nd Amendment Act 2017' from 26 January 2018.

Singapore
In Singapore, only public companies must hold AGMs. With effect from 31 August 2018, private limited companies can decide whether they want AGMs or not. Private companies can be exempted from holding AGMs if they send their financial statements to their members within five months after the financial year end (FYE).

To dispense with AGMs, company members need to pass a resolution. All the shareholders must endorse the document for it to come into force. Having dispensed with AGMs, companies pass written resolutions on matters that would otherwise be discussed at AGMs.

The resolution putting an end to AGMs may cease to be in force – members can adopt a new resolution to revoke the dispensation. In this case, an AGM must be held if at least 3 months remain to its due date.

If a private company decides to have AGMs, it must adhere to the deadlines. The annual general meeting must be held within 6 months after the FYE. Next, every company must lodge the obligatory annual return within one month after its AGM.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom it became optional with effect from 1 October 2007 for any private company to hold an AGM, unless its articles of association specifically require it to do so.

United States
Every state requires public companies incorporated within it to hold an annual general meeting of shareholders to elect the Board of Directors and transact other business that requires shareholder approval. Notice of the annual general meeting must be in writing and is subject to a minimum notice period that varies by state. In 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission voted to require all public companies to make their annual meeting materials available online. The final rules required compliance by large accelerated filers beginning on January 1, 2008, and by all other filers beginning on January 1, 2009. The "e-proxy" rules allow two methods for companies to deliver their proxy materials, the "notice only" option or the "full set" option. Under the notice only option, the company must post all of its proxy materials on a publicly accessible website at the time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Annual general meeting


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Talk:Incarceration

Reference to Christian religion unbalanced
The article currently states QUOTE There are many reasons given for justification of such punishment. In the 16th century, the Bishop of Trier, Binsfeld, in his Tractatus de Confessionibus Maleficorum (1596) claimed that since the sinfulness of the world increases, God also allows increasing the severity of punishments. UNQUOTE The article must include a proper exegetical summary of Biblical viewpoints on incarceration and - if one insists - references like the one above. The exegesis will demonstrate that the Bishop of Trier acted on his won account and certainly not on Biblical grounds. PROPOSE: Remove the Bishop's quote, OR keep the quote but add a short paragraph on the reality that the Bible advocates restitution as the basis for Justice, nor incarceration. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JJAlexander (talk • contribs) 14:32, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

Incarceration rates by country
Why is it reporting selected crime figures in this section? Oddly only crime figures for low-incarceration countries seem to be in here. With odd emphasis on Ireland's crime rate, while violent crime in the US is ignored! Suggest crime stats be removed.

Redirect?
This should not be a redirect to prison; one can be incarcerated in many other places than a prison.

DryGrain 17:47, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

This article is a mess
Wow! This article is a real mess. A good encyclopedia article (or any survey article in any context, for that matter) should start with a basic definition of the subject before plunging into an in-depth discussion. Keep in mind that not all Wikipedia users are mature well-educated adults who already know that incarceration means imprisonment. --Coolcaesar 01:12, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Let's delete it! David Cruise 08:15, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * In supper for "This article is a mess"

 * I agree that this article is very poorly written. The introduction and the first few sections are shallow and contain what I would describe as "common-sense" information. They do not systematically present the definition of incarceration and its variations, they do not present a coherenti historical view, and they do not discuss theories of incarceration. There was a "religios perspectives" section that did not talk about incarceration, instead, it talked about different religions and how they differ among each other without reference to incarceration, so I deleted that section. --- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.126.151.171 (talk) 02:40, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Incarceration

 * Delete Wow! This article is a real mess. A good encyclopedia article (or any survey article in any context, for that matter) should start with a basic definition of the subject before plunging into an in-depth discussion. David Cruise 10:41, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. "Article needs cleanup" is not a reason to delete, it's a reason to, you know, clean it up. —Cryptic (talk) 18:49, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now. —Crypticbot (operator) 18:54, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is a mess? So fix it. Monicasdude 19:13, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep — Invalid AfD criteria. Topic is highly notable — RJH 19:52, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep . — Adrian~enwiki (talk) 20:22, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as cryptic says "Article needs cleanup" is not a reason to delete, it's a reason to, you know, clean it up. There's much useful information in the article and it even has citations. You need a new job. pat8722 22:45, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep speedy if possible. kotepho 00:13, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Capitalistroadster 02:32, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup --Khoikhoi 08:44, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Punkmorten 10:31, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thursday, September 2, 2010. I added a 3rd purpose for incarceration, as widely recognized by legal experts:  to deter others from committing criminal acts.  PS - sorry, I don't know how to add my own section here  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Roller)coaster55 (talk • contribs) 19:32, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Definition Removed?
Will somebody please tell me why my addition of a definition of incarceration (direct from Latin) was removed, and the page reverted? Aeh4543 17:37, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Firstly, because I reverted to Wikipedia style. The first word of the article should (generally) be the same word/words as the heading. Secondly, as this article is called Incarceration the object is to explain Incarceration, and definitely not to start with an explanation of where the "The term incarcerate" comes from, as you did. Note our Main Page article today, "Cryptography". We say what it is, not where the name comes from. Cheers. Moriori 23:40, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the info! :-)Aeh4543 14:00, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Worldwide View
Can the person who placed the warning sign comment on what they would like to see improved on this page? I think this page has a great potential to be very informative and interesting, but needs a greater discussion and direction to what is missing and what needs to be fixed and edited. Thanks! Leah 22:51, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The tag was inserted by User:205.118.16.153 who didn't explain his reasons for it. You can contact him on his talk page here. Moriori 01:13, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Total number incarcerated in the USA. World incarceration rates.
--Timeshifter 22:22, 15 August 2006 (UTC). Concerning this graph: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Incarceration.jpg - The total number of inmates in the USA is much higher than is currently indicated by the graph (1,500,000 in 2005) linked above. See the correct total in this image:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:USA._Prisoners_1995_to_2005.gif

The total number incarcerated in the USA is actually a little less than 2.3 million inmates in 2005.

I like the graph, though. Could someone redo it with the accurate number of US inmates as indicated in the graphs, tables, and links here:
 * http://gallery.marihemp.com/charts
 * http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/ratesusa.htm
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:USA._Prisoners_1995_to_2005.gif

World incarceration rates are here:
 * http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/world.htm

I would like to learn how to create graphs. Could people who create such graphs leave short descriptions on the talk pages for some of their graph and chart images? Please put some of the wikipedia graph image URLs here, too, so that I can get to the talk pages for the images. I know how to create images from selections of pdf files. I also know how to use Irfanview image editing freeware. But I don't know how to create line graph images, or bar graph images. Thanks for directing me to any help or FAQs.

I am working on charts of world incarceration rates in my sandbox here:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Timeshifter/Sandbox

Feel free to use my sandbox ideas, links, etc..

Back to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Incarceration.jpg - I edited the line graph image syntax here so that it now shows up as a clickable thumb image at 450 pixels. When the image is clicked one sees the full size image.

The smaller image size here allows text to flow around the image for monitors set at any resolution down to 1024 by 768 pixels. That is a common resolution for 17 inch monitors and some 15 inch monitors.

If someone updates that line graph they can upload the new version in the "file history" section of the image page. The new updated image will show up here without having to make any changes here.

--Timeshifter 00:23, 26 August 2006 (UTC). I have deleted the old inaccurate graph. Here is the code that was used for it:

I substituted an accurate chart for world incarceration rates. --Timeshifter 22:22, 15 August 2006 (UTC).
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Incarceration_rates_worldwide.gif

 * Perhaps it is accurate, but it is highly biassed with that large caption and everything. It also includes a mere handful of countries (plus one region's average). A list of incarceration rates on a separate page and the graph redone to a per-region graph could be better. --MinorContributor 12:25, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea. Now if only someone could do it... :)
 * I don't know how to create such images. I hope somebody creates better chart, table, and graph images from the data. Maybe a wiki table too. --Timeshifter 23:18, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

The map and graph is inconsistent with the article unless I've misread. Both graphics place the U.S. at a rate of 700 per 100,000 (edit: apparently as of 2008 --76.221.82.31 (talk) 14:56, 11 July 2012 (UTC) ) ; the article mentions a rate of just over 500 per 100,00 (as of 2009). --76.221.82.31 (talk) 14:42, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually the facts of the graphics are in question.  I realize different studies may come up with different measures, but I think something ought to make light of why these are inconsistent. --76.221.82.31 (talk) 14:48, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Incarceration Works
I cannot believe how slanted this article is in its criticism of incarceration rates of the Unites States! I don’t understand why an encyclopedia article should be reduced to some screed about rates of incarceration, but if it must, then some semblance of balance would be an improvement. If you are going to post the rates of incarceration in the United States, then you must also post the rates of victimization for the same time period. If you go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics page and look at those statistics, you will find that there exists an inverse relationship between incarceration rate and crime rate. To those who sit safely in their homes and decry the fact that a large number of people are incarcerated, I would submit the following: The fact that, compared to ten years ago, you are much less likely to be burglarized, robbed, car-jacked, raped, or assaulted, is related to the fact that the person most likely to do so is incarcerated. I don't think it gets any more simple than that. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Flyoverme (talk • contribs) 16:05, 1 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Actually, you are incorrect. If you check the incarceration rates of other nations you will see that many times the ones with the lowest incarceration rates often have the lowest crime rates. Feel free to add the comparative stats. Many people would be interested in it. If you sit at home and listen to talk radio hosts like Rush Limbaugh, and go to websites such as the FreeRepublic forums, then you might actually believe the screeds you are spouting. --Timeshifter 16:28, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

I should have labeled it "Incarceration Works in America." Then I would be "correct." If you do the comparative analysis you mention you'll notice that the US has been, until recently, one of the most violent countries in the world. Now that probably goes back to the disparity in income, access to weapons, etc, that are some of the "predictor variables" that are discussed in the article. But the fact remains. The reduction in crime rate over the past 20 years can, almost wholly, be attributed to the increase in incarceration rate. All of the "predictors that are mentioned in the article will produce a rate of crime and victimization that, if the predictors remain constant, will remain constant. If you are not willing to meet that with incarceration rates that match the level of victimization, then you will see an increase in crime, or victimization. The same holds true for education, and other social services, such as health care. As the population grows, so does the need for more schools, social services, and (horror of horrors) prisons. Regarding your aspersions to my character and credentials to include my view here: You make the assumption, common in many who have, what they feel to be, an “enlightened” view of the world, that if someone doesn't agree with your view, then he/she is a right-wing nut case. (The Democratic Party could learn a lesson in inclusion here.) I happen to be a lifelong Democrat, and in 2000, I voted for the Green Party candidate. If I had to pigeonhole myself, I would say I am a Socialist. But I also own and carry a firearm and do not believe that there is justification in social ills for crime, and victimization. By the way, I am also a Parole Officer and work with the “over incarcerated” population that is the subject of this discussion. If you really believe that they are not dangerous, and you must believe that, if you believe that the United States is incarcerating too many people, then I’m sure you wouldn’t mind if I sent one or two to move in next door to you. --Flyoverme 21:54, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * You are the one who used the word "screed" and you are the one who went into hyperbole mode: "To those who sit safely in their homes and decry the fact that a large number of people are incarcerated". If you can't stand the heat then get out of the kitchen. Wikipedia is not a political discussion forum, so we should both stop that kind of gamesmanship. But we can discuss NPOV ways of including all viewpoints worldwide on incarceration, its effectiveness, or lack of effectiveness, etc.. Other nations use higher minimum wages, universal healthcare, and better welfare systems. Studies have shown that money spent in those areas is much more effective in lowering the crime rate than money spent on incarceration. Studies in the USA have shown that for parolees and released prisoners the lack of jobs for ex-inmates, the lack of healthcare (especially mental healthcare) for poor people and ex-inmates, and the lack of even something so basic as a place to stay for ex-inmates, are predictors of recidivism. As a parole officer I am sure you know this very well. Maybe you can discuss those recidivism studies in the article. You are probably an expert at the ground level for what these academic studies show. Social ills may not be a moral justification for crime. But they are statistical predictors of crime. So a pragmatic approach in some nations has been to deal with crime pragmatically and not religiously. And some of those nations pay less in total taxes than people in the USA pay in total taxes (on average per person as a percent of their nation's economy). --Timeshifter 07:53, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * This is especially true if one adds in the amount of private healthcare dollars spent in the USA. Versus the healthcare costs paid with taxes. Americans pay more per person for healthcare and taxes than people in many other nations. See:
 * http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/taxes.htm
 * http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/universal.htm --Timeshifter 09:12, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Obviously Timeshifter has taken some sort of proprietary hold of this particular Wikipedia page and feels compelled to defend the contents. However, no matter what was written in response to my first posting, the contention contained within it, that as the incarceration rate in the United States has risen over the past 20 years, every measure of crime and victimization has fallen, has not been disproved. No other explanation, that makes any sense, has been proposed to account for the correlation. If your goal in incarcerating people is to prevent or lower the rate of crime, then, by every measure, it has achieved the desired results. If you consult all of the graphs and statistics on the Bureau of Justice Statistics page, it's as plain as day. If the content of a page in Wikipedia that mentions the incarceration rate of the United States and compares it negatively with other countries cannot include this fact, on equal footing with the facts about the incarceration rate, then the page is dishonest and is a disservice to those who consult Wikipedia for information. Until the above stated correlation between incarceration rate and crime rate is refuted using reputable measures and statistics, or such information is included in the page on equal footing, then I would view this page as extremely slanted in it’s view of incarceration.

As far as bringing my personal experience as a Parole Officer to the discussion of the figures and statistics, I can sum it up like this: Every parolee, who I have worked with, went to prison because they either committed a crime that was so offensive or severe that they deserved to be there, or they proved, through their behavior, after being given multiple chances, that they could not be trusted to remain on probation. The experience of incarceration can have a formative effect on an individual, and they can come out of the experience determined to live a lawful lifestyle. These, in my experience, are few. They are either mildly antisocial and the prison experience so shocks them that they become determined to live within the law, or they are someone who experiences something along the lines of a religious conversion or the type of turnabout experienced by those who honestly apply the principles of a twelve-step program. The majority, unless held to some level of accountability or structure, will re-offend, usually in the same manner as the offense that sent them there. Contrary to popular belief, our prisons are not full of non-violent drug users and the wrongfully imprisoned. Rather they are filled with anti-social people who have little desire to adhere to the same set of laws and morals as everyone else. Thus, they have to be removed from society for the well being of the innocent. To paraphrase John Houseman in the old “Smith-Barney” commercials: “They earned it.” I believe that the big, embarrassing lie in corrections is that “rehabilitation”, with very few exceptions, doesn’t work. I can’t count the number of offenders who have said to me, upon hearing that I was recommending revocation of their probation or parole; “How is going to prison going to help me?” To which I reply; “It’s not about you, it’s about the rest of us.” I think I’ve said enough, so this will be it. Ciao. --Flyoverme 04:04, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I apologize if it sounded like I was "biting the newcomers" to this article. I have written very little of this article. I mostly only added some charts. Feel free to add more info to the article. I have read articles discussing your point of view. Feel free to quote from them, and to add reference links to them. I have also read many articles discussing other points of view, including the ones I mentioned previously. I think it would be great to hear more viewpoints in the article. Wikipedia guidelines ask that all significant points of view be in an article. --Timeshifter 13:57, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Stats
Incarceration costs $25,000 a year on average per inmate in the USA. That does not include costs of police, courts, parole and probation officers, etc.. All those costs are listed here:
 * http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/exptyptab.htm
 * http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/expgovtab.htm

There are nations that spend less in total taxes than the USA per capita and they have lower crime rates and much lower incarceration rates. Total taxes in various nations as a percent of their total economy (GDP, Gross Domestic Product):
 * http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/TaxFacts/TFDB/TFTemplate.cfm?Docid=307&Topic2id=95 --Timeshifter 07:53, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Illustration
I don't understand the illustration at the top of this article (Image:Tullianum.jpg). What is it a picture of? —Bkell (talk) 06:01, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

I agree. If the top part of the image is a side-on view, I can't tell what the bottom part is, nor what the blocks of brown indicate. I feel that a re-creation of this image is in order, by someone who understands the entire content. It's a pretty poorly scanned image, as it is. User:Tass-AJ 125.63.229.201 08:58, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, since no one has been able to explain this image for over a year, I'm going to remove it. —Bkell (talk) 01:52, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've nominated the image for deletion; anyone interested in keeping the image can contribute to the deletion discussion. —Bkell (talk) 01:59, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Philosophy of Imprisonment
Surely there have been philosophers who have dealt with this rather serious issue, have there not? Vranak (talk) 20:49, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Proposal, made by another editor, to merge Imprisonment into this article
Oppose unless further explanation is forthcoming. Imprisonment is a term of art which includes the tort and crime of false imprisonment. It is not clear to me that incarceration is a term of art at all. It is not clear to me that it includes false imprisonment (I do not think that a hostage would normally be described as incarcerated, whereas he is certainly technically imprisoned). And we have incarceration defined as "the detention of a person in prison", whereas the legal definition of imprisonment is detention of a person anywhere, including, in particular, places other than the type of institution to which the term "prison" normally refers.

I made the post above on 24 March but forgot to sign it. James500 (talk) 16:29, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

I am going to remove the tags because no one has expressed any interest in this proposal. James500 (talk) 16:03, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Oppose. I think you are correct, comes from carcer = prison, thus is less general. Littledogboy (talk) 00:04, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

Oppose and merge Incarceration *into* Imprisonment. This article is mostly a cork-board for overblown propaganda. For instance, the incarceration rate for the US is currently probation. Roughly eyeballing the math, about 60% of the US rate consists of people who aren't actually behind bars (meaning that the country isn't "the worst").--Froglich (talk) 22:52, 15 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment - Imprisonment isn't the only type of custodial sentence. You would have to make sure that the material in this article doesn't relate to any of the others. James500 (talk) 06:31, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Incarceration


text:
Qt Extended

Qt Extended (named Qtopia before September 30, 2008) is an application platform for embedded Linux-based mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants, video projectors and mobile phones. It was initially developed by The Qt Company, at the time known as Qt Software and a subsidiary of Nokia. When they cancelled the project the free software portion of it was forked by the community and given the name Qt Extended Improved. The QtMoko Debian-based distribution is the natural successor to these projects as continued by the efforts of the Openmoko community.

Features
Qt Extended features:
 * Windowing system
 * Synchronization framework
 * Integrated development environment
 * Internationalization and localization support
 * Games and multimedia
 * Personal information manager applications
 * Full screen handwriting
 * Input methods
 * Personalization options
 * Productivity applications
 * Internet applications
 * Java integration
 * Wireless support

Qt Extended is dual licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and proprietary licenses.

Devices and deployment
As of 2006, Qtopia was running on several million devices, including 11 mobile phone models and 30 other handheld devices.

Models included the Sharp Corporation Zaurus line of Linux handhelds, the Sony mylo, the Archos Portable Media Assistant (PMA430) (a multimedia device), the GamePark Holdings GP2X, Greenphone (an open phone initiative), Pocket PC, FIC Openmoko phones: Neo 1973 and FreeRunner. An unofficial hack allows its use on the Archos wifi series of portable media players (PMP) 604, 605, 705, and also on several Motorola phones such as E2, Z6 and A1200. The U980 of ZTE is the last phone running it.

Software development
Native applications could be developed and compiled using C++. Managed applications could be developed in Java.

Discontinuation
On March 3, 2009, Qt Software announced the discontinuation of Qt Extended as a standalone product, with some features integrated on the Qt Framework.

Qt Extended Improved
The Openmoko community has forked the final stable release into Qt Extended Improved (later renamed to QtMoko) which, like its predecessor, is an application platform for embedded Linux-based mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants, video projectors and mobile phones dual licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and proprietary licenses.

Qt Extended Improved can run on several mobile devices, most notably the Openmoko phones: Neo 1973 and FreeRunner.

Other mobile operating systems

 * Access Linux Platform
 * Android
 * iOS
 * MeeGo
 * Nucleus RTOS
 * Openmoko Linux
 * Palm webOS
 * Symbian
 * Tizen
 * Windows Mobile

title: Qt Extended


text:
Talk:Index of Buddhism-related articles

I saw a need for this list, but couldn't seem to inspire someone else to do it. It still needs to be linked from all the other pages on Buddhist topics. It is not complete, so I know you will feel free to work it over--enjoy! heidimo 17:55, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yes, a good idea. Not sure whether contemporary figures fit in here; I only added Anagarika Dharmapala because Conze was already listed, and to avoid possible confusion with the word dharmapala. But then the Rhys Davids were at least as important... At the very least it highlights articles that are needed, which is very helpful.Shantavira 17:53, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Okay, I may have just gotten a little carried away.कुक्कुरोवाच 00:31, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

What do folks think about (a) dividing this sucker up by letter and compacttoc-ing it, and (b) eventually merging it with Terms and Concepts?कुक्कुरोवाच

Sounds a good idea. There's no point in duplicating quite so much. On the other hand I just took a look at Buddhist terms and concepts and it needs plenty of correction. Looks like I could spend quite a bit of time there over the next few weeks. Shantavira 13:19, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes to the first idea, no to the second. The two pages serve different purposes.  Terms and concepts has brief definition for jargon, while list of topics should just be a big blank list.  I don't see how they can be combined.  If one of them is not useful, we can just delete it. - Nat Krause 14:00, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Okeydoke.कुक्कुरोवाच

 * I second Nat. Also, I like the alphabetical sections.  heidimo  15:33, 25 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Archive of VfD debate
Consensus to keep article. CSTAR 01:38, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

name
why change it from "buddhist topics"?--Esteban Barahona (talk) 20:40, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Piped links
As a general comment, this page purports to be an index of encyclopedia articles, not an index of concepts. Therefore, the links on the list really should show the article title, and piping the links is not a good idea. --R'n'B (call me Russ) 14:25, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

Pyrrhonism is related to Buddhism
why did you remove the link to Pyrrhonism? Did you miss the section on that page about Buddhism Pyrrhonism?Teishin (talk) 22:16, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that's enough to add that article to Index of Buddhism-related articles, but if you believe so please feel free to revert. Editor2020 (talk) 22:20, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

 * There are a couple of books on the subject, such as "Pyrrhonism: How the Greeks Reinvented Buddhism" and "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Buddhism in Central Asia". Seems pretty related to me. Teishin (talk) 22:34, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Index of Buddhism-related articles


text:
User:Fergusoni

Ian Ferguson, British, BSc in mathematics from the University of Manchester. Moved to Norway in 2000. Currently studying for a MSc in Business Administration at the Norwegian School of Management, majoring in Finance.

title: User:Fergusoni


text:
Helmsdale

Helmsdale (Helmsdal, Bun Ilidh) is a village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland council area of Scotland. The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from the surrounding straths as part of the Highland Clearances.

Toponymy
The River Helmsdale (Gaelic Ilidh) was noted by Ptolemy as Ila, which remains an obscure name. The Gaelic name for the village, Bun Ilidh, means Ilie-foot. Norse settlers called the strath Hjalmundal, meaning Dale of the Helmet, from which the modern village name Helmsdale is derived.

History
The remains of Helmsdale Castle were demolished in the 1970s in order to build the new A9 road bridge.

The castle was the location of the murder of John Gordon, 11th Earl of Sutherland and his Countess, Marion Seton, in 1567. They were poisoned by Isobel Sinclair, the wife of Gordon of Gartly. Isobel Sinclair's own son also died, but the fifteen year old heir of Sutherland, Alexander Gordon was unharmed. He was made to marry the Earl of Caithness' daughter Barbara Sinclair. In 1569 he escaped from the Sinclairs to Huntly Castle.

The previous bridge, which still stands, was designed by Thomas Telford and completed in 1811.

The last force-fire in Helmsdale was in about 1818.

Gold rush
Two tributaries of the river were the scene of a gold rush in 1869. The history of Kildonan's gold started in 1818, when a single nugget of gold was found near the Suisgill and Kildonan burns. Late in 1868, a brief announcement in a local newspaper stated that gold had been discovered at Kildonan in the county of Sutherland. The credit for the discovery goes to Robert Nelson Gilchrist, a native of Kildonan, who had spent 17 years in the goldfields of Australia. On his return home, the Duke of Sutherland gave him permission to pan the gravels of the Helmsdale River, and he prospected all the burns and tributaries.

World War II and after
During World War II, the Royal Air Force built Loth Chain Home radar station at Crakaig, a few miles south-west of Helmsdale. There was also an RAF Chain Home Low radar station at Navidale, about 1 mi northeast of Helmsdale. During the Cold War there was a Composite Signals Organisation (CSO) radio monitoring station in Helmsdale itself. The CSO is associated with GCHQ.

Recent developments
On 3 August 2008, Highland Council announced plans to modernise and catalyse industry in Helmsdale and its surrounding areas. This included a £3.5 million revamp of the harbour and the development of two battery processing factories. Work on the harbour was set to begin in spring 2009, while the battery plants were expected to open before May 2009. It was hoped up to 50 new jobs would be created.

Location and transport
West Helmsdale lies across the river from the main village above the railway station; Old Helmsdale is immediately to the north while East Helmsdale is a settlement less than 1 mi east.

The village is on the A9 road, at a junction with the A897 to Melvich, and has a railway station on the Far North Line. Buses operate about every two hours from Monday to Saturday and infrequently on Sundays from Helmsdale to Brora, Golspie, Dornoch, Tain and Inverness in the south and Berriedale, Dunbeath, Halkirk, Thurso and Scrabster in the north. These are on routes X98 and X99 and are operated by Stagecoach Highlands, but tickets can be bought on the Citylink website.

Tourism, culture and sport
Facilities in Helmsdale include an independent youth hostel, a heritage centre, an art gallery, and an inn.

Helmsdale hosts a Highland Games which are held on the third Saturday in August each year. For the evening Marquee Dance the village population of 700 doubles thanks to visitors attending the dance.

Helmsdale is home to Bunillidh Thistle F.C. and Helmsdale United.

Economy
Helmsdale is a fishing port at the estuary of the River Helmsdale. It was once the home of one of the largest herring fleets in Europe.

People from Helmsdale

 * Professor Andrew Rutherford CBE (1929–1998), Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 1994 to 1997.
 * David Mackay (pilot), Chief Pilot of Virgin Galactic, and a former test pilot. Became the 569th person to enter space and the first Scots-born astronaut.
 * Edwyn Collins, singer from band Orange Juice, who also had notable solo success with the song "A Girl Like You", resides in the village.

title: Helmsdale


text:
Ludlow, Vermont

Ludlow, Vermont, may refer to:
 * Ludlow (town), Vermont
 * Ludlow (village), Vermont

title: Ludlow, Vermont


text:
James (band)

James are an English rock band from Manchester, formed in 1982. They achieved popularity during the 1990s, with four top-10 hits on the UK Singles Chart and nine top-10 placings on the UK Albums Chart. The band's best-known singles include "Come Home", "Sit Down", "She's a Star" and "Laid". "Laid" also became a hit on American college radio. Following the departure of lead singer Tim Booth in 2001, the band became inactive, but members reunited in January 2007 and have since released a further seven albums. Live performance has continually remained a central part of the band's output. As of 2010, the band had sold more than 25 million albums worldwide.

Formation and early releases: 1982–1987
James were formed in 1982 in Whalley Range, Manchester, when Paul Gilbertson persuaded his friend Jim Glennie to buy a bass guitar and form a band with him. Their line-up solidified when Gavan Whelan joined on drums. They played a string of gigs under the names Venereal and the Diseases and Volume Distortion before settling on the name of Model Team International, then shortened to Model Team. They performed mostly improvised material derived from jam sessions, supporting The Fall at an early gig at Manchester Polytechnic. Vocalists and other musicians drifted rapidly in and out of their line-up until the band encountered Tim Booth at a student disco. Gilbertson invited him to the band's scout hut in Withington to join the band as a dancer; he was soon promoted to lead singer. In August 1982, after a brief period under the name Tribal Outlook, the band renamed themselves James, after Glennie. As Glennie later said: "No one ever calls me James, so I don't associate it with my name in that respect. We couldn't use Tim because he's the singer and that would be weird. Our drummer was called Gavan, and we thought it sounded too 'heavy metal,' and the other one was Paul, so it was either James or Paul, so we went with James. It didn't seem like a big deal at the time we just thought, "Cool let’s call the band 'James.'""

A gig at the Haçienda caught the attention of Tony Wilson of Factory Records. He offered James an album deal with Factory, but the band, by now a settled live act, were worried about tarnishing their material in the studio and settled instead for a three-track EP. Their debut release, the Jimone EP, was recorded at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, in August 1983 and released on Factory Records in September. It led to the band providing support for The Smiths between February and April 1985 on the Meat is Murder tour. The Smiths covered James's "What's The World" track during this tour.

Although they were now being touted as the "next big thing", several complex issues slowed their progress. Gilbertson's drug problems presented the band with no choice but to ask him to leave. Booth and Glennie had joined a sect named Lifewave that imposed many restrictions on their lifestyle and threatened the band's stability. The band's second EP, James II, was released over a year after the first and accompanied by a feature on the cover of the NME, Gilbertson having been replaced by the band's guitar tutor Larry Gott. The first two EPs would later be collected as Village Fire. Reviews were once again positive, and Factory were eager for James to record an album with it, but the band believed Factory were purely image-based and left the label, striking a deal with Sire Records.

Their third release, the Sit Down EP (no relation to the song of that name) came out in February 1986 and was followed by their debut album, Stutter, in July of that year. The album reached number 68 in the UK Albums Chart. Low on money and lacking coverage and promotion, the band recorded their second album, Strip-mine, attempting a more conventional song structure in an attempt to please Sire. The album almost went unreleased, but after a slight remix to sound more radio-friendly, Sire released it in September 1988, over a year after its initial completion. However the album only reached number 90. After finding a clause for ending their contract, the band left Sire.

James had by this point earned themselves a reputation as a live act and had built a solid fanbase. Sales of James T-shirts were particularly successful in Manchester even before they reached the Top 40. James financed the production of a live album One Man Clapping with a bank loan and the help of Rough Trade Records. The album went to number 1 in the indie charts, reinvigorating media interest in the band.

Line-up changes and success: 1988–1992
In November 1988, drummer Whelan became involved in an on-stage fight with Booth and was asked to leave the band. He was replaced by David Baynton-Power a few months later. During the following year James greatly expanded their line-up and sound palette by hiring three new members: guitarist-violinist-percussionist Saul Davies (whom Gott recruited from an amateur blues night), keyboard player Mark Hunter, and trumpeter/percussionist Andy Diagram (the latter a noted avant-garde and pop musician who had played with The Diagram Brothers, Dislocation Dance, The Cotton Singers and Pale Fountains). This new seven-piece line-up went into the studio to record the third James album.

New singles "Sit Down" and "Come Home" became strong hits in the independent charts, and the latter featured on the compilation album Happy Daze. The album Gold Mother was intended to be released on Rough Trade but the owner of the label, Geoff Travis, believed James could only reach an audience of 20,000 to 30,000. The band believed they had more potential than this and bought the rights to the album from Rough Trade. A successful winter tour in 1989 attracted a deal with Fontana Records, and the band ended a difficult decade on an optimistic note.

Gold Mother was released in June 1990 just as the 'Madchester' movement, with its wave of popular Manchester-based indie bands, brought James to public attention and won them mainstream recognition. Singles "How Was It for You," the remixed "Come Home" and "Lose Control" all made the Top 40, and the band's newfound success was re-affirmed when they played two sold-out dates at the Manchester G-Mex at the end of the year. In March 1991, the popularity of "Sit Down" led to a re-recorded version being released as a single, which reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Gold Mother was re-released to include "Sit Down" and previous single "Lose Control", and the album sold ten times more copies than Travis originally predicted. The song became one of the biggest-selling singles of the year.

The band members spent the rest of the year recording their next album, Seven, which was released in February 1992. It reached number 2 in the UK Albums Chart (its lead single, "Sound", had followed "Sit Down" into the top 10 a few months earlier) and earned the band some recognition in the US as they embarked on their first Stateside tour. The band's activities culminated in a sold-out show to 30,000 people at the Alton Towers theme park in July, broadcast live on BBC Radio 1, following which Andy Diagram left the group.

Subsequent releases: 1993–2001
In 1993, James were invited on an acoustic tour of the US supporting Neil Young at a series of natural outdoor venues in the autumn. They returned to England refreshed and ready to record their new album with Brian Eno, whom they had originally approached to produce Stutter but who had been unavailable at the time. Eno set about bringing out the ambience in James's music, and took them through a recording process that the band later described as a "journey of self-discovery". The process resulted in not one but two albums: the "song" album Laid and the experimental Wah Wah, which showcased the band's improvised jams recorded on the spot then mixed by Eno. Booth's vocals were then added to the results.

Laid was released in September 1993 to positive reviews. As well as being a success in the UK, the album also broke the band in the US, shipping over 600,000 copies and charting at number 72 in the Billboard 200, propelled by the popularity of its risqué title track on US college radio. The band spent most of 1994 touring the States. Wah Wah was eventually released in September 1994 to a lukewarm reception.

The recording of the follow-up album faced difficulties from the start. Two key members of the James organisation resigned: guitarist and key composer Larry Gott (who left the group in order to spend more time with his family) and manager Martine McDonagh (who had had a sometimes fraught romantic relationship with Booth, resulting in a son, Ben). Booth announced that he also wished to take a break in order to record an album with Angelo Badalamenti. In 1995 the band discovered they owed a £250,000 tax bill.

Determined to continue despite the setbacks, the band set up studio in Baynton-Power's house. Former Sharkboy guitarist Adrian Oxaal was drafted in to replace Gott on guitar, while Booth returned periodically from the States to add his vocals. 1996 saw the release of Booth's album with Badalamenti (Booth and the Bad Angel). The new James album, Whiplash, followed in February 1997. The album proved a successful comeback, reaching the UK top 10, as did the single "She's a Star".

The band toured to promote the album, recruiting Michael Kulas as rhythm guitarist while in the States. Booth suffered a neck injury while dancing on stage in the US, resulting in a series of tour dates being cancelled as he underwent emergency surgery, and the band being offered a place instead on the Lollapalooza tour. In March 1998, a greatest hits album, The Best Of, was released, compiling all the band's hits since their signing to Fontana. The album reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart, and sold-out tours throughout the year followed.

The band then returned to the studio to begin work on their next album, Millionaires, which was released in October 1999. The album did not reach the phenomenal sales level predicted, but still entered the UK Albums Chart at number 2, and sold over 150,000 copies.

After the disappointing performance of Millionaires the band chose to start anew in their approach to their next album, working with Eno once again. They spent most of 2000 recording the album; writing the songs, then performing them live before actually recording them. They embarked on a small-scale tour in the autumn of that year on which their set lists consisted almost entirely of new material. The album, Pleased To Meet You, was released in July 2001. The album's artwork featured a composite image of the faces of all the band members to create a new person. The album reached only number 11, the lowest position for a James studio album since their signing to Fontana.

Break-up and other projects: 2002–2006
Shortly after their last album release, James reached the end of their contract, and Tim Booth announced he was leaving the band to concentrate on other projects of his own. They played a farewell tour of the UK at the end of the year. Their final hometown gig, at the Manchester Evening News arena on 7 December, was recorded for a live CD and DVD, Getting Away With It... Live. Past members Larry Gott and Andy Diagram rejoined them for the tour, and Brian Eno also joined them onstage at London's Wembley Arena during the tour. The albums Gold Mother, Laid, and Whiplash (each containing bonus tracks) were re-released by Mercury Records the following year, as well as a B-sides compilation entitled B-Sides Ultra.

A planned compilation of material from the band's Factory and Sire years was announced in 2001, but the album, Strange Dancing, was never released. The first two James albums, Stutter and Strip-mine, were re-pressed in June 2007, but without any additional rarities.

Booth continued as a solo artist in 2004 with the release of his solo album Bone, co-written and produced by Lee Muddy Baker.

A new compilation album, The Collection was released in late 2004, and Seven – The Live Concert (a DVD version of a previously released video) in 2005.

Reunion: 2007–present
In January 2007 singer Tim Booth's personal website announced that "Tim will be rejoining James in early 2007 for a series of live shows to be announced very soon". At the same time, James's old website was replaced by a new domain holder at wearejames.com. The site confirmed the line-up as that which recorded the album Laid: Booth, Gott, Glennie, Davies, Hunter and Baynton-Power. Booth confirmed in interviews that he became convinced to rejoin the band after meeting up with Glennie and Gott the previous November for a jamming session, out of which new songs were born.

The initial five dates of the tour were expanded to seven on the day tickets went on sale (26 January) due to high demand; the whole tour had sold out by close of business. The tour took place during late April 2007, and was followed later in the year by more live shows, including festival appearances at T in the Park and V Festival. The band also appeared at Summercase, Barcelona's top music concert in Spain during July 2007. Andy Diagram also rejoined the band as trumpet player during the festival tour. April saw the release of a new compilation album, Fresh as a Daisy — The Singles, accompanied by a DVD compilation of all the band's promo videos.

The new album Hey Ma was released on 7 April 2008, peaking at number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, and a three-week tour to promote the album commenced on 10 April 2008. An arena tour of the UK called "We Are Sound" followed in December, on which two new songs ("Porcupine" and "Look Away") were previewed as tasters for a new studio album. A live album, Live in 2008, with a selection of songs recorded during the 2008 spring tour was exclusively sold at the merchandise stalls of the "We Are Sound" tour, and was limited to 5000 copies.

The band announced plans to release two mini-albums by April 2010. The Night Before was released on 19 April, although its follow-up, The Morning After, was released later than expected, on 2 August 2010. Following the release of The Night Before, the band embarked on a UK tour, the Mirrorball Tour, premièring songs from the album. Another UK tour took place in December. Both this tour and the US release of both mini-albums together as a 2-CD set called The Morning After The Night Before. A 19-date North American tour began in September to promote the combined album as well as showcase the songs before the UK tour.

At the beginning of 2011, Tim Booth announced that he was working on some new solo material, although James remained active, participating in the Lollapalooza festival in Chile. The band appeared at The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 13 and 20 April in Indio, California and Hard Rock Calling 2011 on 24 June in Hyde Park, London, where they were joined by Kaiser Chiefs and headline act The Killers. Towards the end of 2011, James signalled a departure from their previous touring style, with the announcement of a series of dates in October and November of that year including an orchestra and a choir. This short, ten date tour saw James performing their back catalogue accompanied by the Orchestra of the Swan and the Manchester Consort Choir.

They played at Kendal Calling Festival 2012 and toured again in 2013.

James's first new album in six years, La Petite Mort, was released on 2 June 2014 along with a promo single "Moving On". In July 2014, the band headlined on the Castle Stage for Camp Bestival at Lulworth Castle in Dorset and announced a ten date UK tour starting on 10 November, preceded by an 11 October headlining of the entertainment at the Rugby league Super League grand final at Old Trafford, performing a set before the game and in the half time show.

They toured again in 2015, playing some shows without Larry Gott, who was taking a break from touring: Adrian Oxaal re-joined the band for the duration of the tour (with former Oceansize guitarist Mike Vennart covering for him for one show at Bingley Live), and would subsequently replace Gott in the active lineup. Keyboard technician Ron Yeadon, formerly of Unkle Bob, also appeared on stage, singing backing vocals; he later joined the band as a backing vocalist. In 2016, the album Girl at the End of the World was released, with an accompanying tour – building up to the band's planned appearance opening 2016's Glastonbury Festival (the Other Stage) and later taking a top spot at the festival in September.

In May 2018, James released a four-song EP, Better Than That, that reached number 1 of the Vinyl Singles Chart, and embarked on a sold-out UK tour to promote it. During this tour, they also previewed a few songs from their following album, Living in Extraordinary Times, released on 3 August 2018. Percussionist and backing vocalist Deborah Knox-Hewson joined the band during the tour, replacing Ron Yeadon. She left the band shortly after the album's release and was replaced by Chloe Alper.

The band's 16th studio album, All the Colours of You, was released on 4 June 2021 on new label Virgin Music Label & Artists Services. The album has eleven tracks and was produced by Jacknife Lee.

In December 2022 the band announced a UK tour with a live orchestra for 2023 to coincide with their 40th anniversary. On 23 March 2023 the band announced the release of their 17th studio album, Be Opened by the Wonderful, for 9 June 2023. The album is an all acoustic, orchestral re-working of hit singles plus the track "Love Make a Fool".

On 29 September 2023, the band announced a UK tour in June 2024 in support of their 18th studio album, with Razorlight supporting. On 15 January 2024, the band debuted their new single "Is This Love" from their 18th studio album, Yummy, which was released on 12 April 2024.

Members
Current members
 * Jim Glennie – bass guitar, backing vocals (1982–2001, 2007–present)
 * Tim Booth – lead vocals (1982–2001, 2007–present)
 * Adrian Oxaal – lead guitar, cello (1995–2001, 2015–present)
 * David Baynton-Power – drums, percussion (1988–2001, 2007–present)
 * Saul Davies – rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, violin, percussion, backing vocals (1989–2001, 2007–present)
 * Mark Hunter – keyboards, piano, programming (1989–2001, 2007–present)
 * Andy Diagram – trumpet, percussion, backing vocals (1989–1992, 2001, 2007–present)
 * Deborah Knox-Hewson – backing vocals, percussion, drums (2018 touring, 2021–present)
 * Chloe Alper – backing vocals, percussion (2018–present)

Former members
 * Paul Gilbertson – lead guitar (1982–1985)
 * Gavan Whelan – drums (1982–1988)
 * Michael Kulas – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1997–2001)
 * Larry Gott – lead guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, flute, backing vocals (1985–1995, 2001, 2007–2015)

Former touring and session members
 * Ron Yeadon – backing vocals, percussion (2014–2017)
 * Rachel Burns - tambourine

Timeline

Awards and nominations
{| class=wikitable ! Year !! Awards !! Work !! Category !! Result
 * rowspan=3|1991
 * Silver Clef Award
 * rowspan=3|Themselves
 * Best Newcomer
 * Won
 * rowspan=2|Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
 * Smash Hits/Radio One Award for Best New Group
 * Nominated
 * Best Indie Act
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|1992
 * Ivor Novello Awards
 * "Sit Down"
 * Best Contemporary Song
 * Nominated
 * Brit Awards
 * rowspan=2|Themselves
 * British Group
 * Nominated
 * 2012
 * Lunas del Auditorio
 * Best Foreign Rock Artist
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="4" | 2014
 * rowspan="2" | UK Music Video Awards
 * rowspan="4" | "Moving On"
 * Best Animation
 * Won
 * Best Rock/Indie Video – UK
 * Nominated
 * AIM Independent Music Awards
 * Independent Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Ibiza Music Video Festival
 * Best Visual Effects
 * Nominated
 * 2015
 * rowspan=2|Berlin Music Video Awards
 * "All I'm Saying"
 * rowspan=2|Best Animation
 * Nominated
 * 2017
 * "Dear John"
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Best Art Vinyl
 * Living in Extraordinary Times
 * Best Art Vinyl
 * Nominated
 * "All I'm Saying"
 * rowspan=2|Best Animation
 * Nominated
 * 2017
 * "Dear John"
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Best Art Vinyl
 * Living in Extraordinary Times
 * Best Art Vinyl
 * Nominated
 * Best Art Vinyl
 * Nominated

Discography
Studio albums

 * Stutter (1986)
 * Strip-mine (1988)
 * Gold Mother (1990)
 * Seven (1992)
 * Laid (1993)
 * Wah Wah (1994)
 * Whiplash (1997)
 * Millionaires (1999)
 * Pleased to Meet You (2001)
 * Hey Ma (2008)
 * The Night Before (2010)
 * The Morning After (2010)
 * La Petite Mort (2014)
 * Girl at the End of the World (2016)
 * Living in Extraordinary Times (2018)
 * All the Colours of You (2021)
 * Be Opened by the Wonderful (2023)
 * Yummy (2024)

title: James (band)


text:
Jimmy Van Heusen

James Van Heusen (born Edward Chester Babcock; January 26, 1913 – February 6, 1990 ) was an American composer. He wrote songs for films, television and theater, and won an Emmy and four Academy Awards for Best Original Song.

Life and career
Born in Syracuse, New York, Van Heusen began writing music while at high school. He renamed himself at age 16, after the shirt makers Phillips-Van Heusen, to use as his on-air name during local shows. His close friends called him "Chet". Jimmy was raised Methodist.

Studying at Cazenovia Seminary and Syracuse University, he became friends with Jerry Arlen, the younger brother of Harold Arlen. With the elder Arlen's help, Van Heusen wrote songs for the Cotton Club revue, including "Harlem Hospitality". He then became a staff pianist for some of the Tin Pan Alley publishers, and wrote "It's the Dreamer in Me" (1938) with lyrics by Jimmy Dorsey. Collaborating with lyricist Eddie DeLange, on songs such as "Heaven Can Wait", "So Help Me", and "Darn That Dream", his work became more prolific, writing over 60 songs in 1940 alone. It was in 1940 that he teamed up with the lyricist Johnny Burke. Burke and Van Heusen moved to Hollywood and wrote for stage musicals and films throughout the 1940s and early 1950s, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Swinging on a Star" (1944). Their songs were also featured in many Bing Crosby films including some of the Road films and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949).

He was also a pilot of some accomplishment; He met Joe Hornsby, who worked for the FAA in Los Angeles CA (Hornsby was the son of Dan Hornsby and the brother of Nikki Hornsby), because of his music career with his interest in flying. Joe Hornsby sponsored Jimmy into an exclusive pilots club called the Quiet Birdmen which held meetings at Proud Bird restaurant at LAX and these men were lifelong friends until Joe and his wife Dorothea's death in the late 1970s. Using his birth name, Jimmy also worked as a part-time test pilot for Lockheed Corporation in World War II.

Van Heusen then teamed up with lyricist Sammy Cahn. Their three Academy Awards for Best Song were won for "All the Way" (1957) from The Joker Is Wild, "High Hopes" (1959) from A Hole in the Head, and "Call Me Irresponsible" (1963) from Papa's Delicate Condition. Their songs were also featured in Ocean's Eleven (1960), which included Dean Martin's version of "Ain't That a Kick in the Head", and in Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), in which Frank Sinatra sang the Oscar-nominated "My Kind of Town".

Cahn and Van Heusen also wrote "Love and Marriage" (1955), "To Love and Be Loved", "Come Fly with Me", "Only the Lonely", and "Come Dance with Me" with many of their compositions being the title songs for Frank Sinatra's albums of the late 1950s.

Van Heusen wrote the music for five Broadway musicals: Swingin' the Dream (1939); Nellie Bly (1946), Carnival in Flanders (1953), Skyscraper (1965), and Walking Happy (1966). While Van Heusen did not achieve nearly the success on Broadway that he did in Hollywood, at least two songs from Van Heusen musicals can legitimately be considered standards: "Darn That Dream" from Swingin' the Dream; "Here's That Rainy Day" from Carnival in Flanders.

He became an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971.

Van Heusen composed over 1000 songs of which 50 songs became standards. Van Heusen songs are featured in over five hundred and eighty films.

Personal life
Van Heusen was known to be quite popular among women. James Kaplan in his book Frank: The Voice (2010) wrote, "He played piano beautifully, wrote gorgeously poignant songs about romance...he had a fat wallet, he flew his own plane; he never went home alone." Van Heusen was once described by Angie Dickinson, "You would not pick him over Clark Gable any day, but his magnetism was irresistible." In his 20s he began to shave his head when he started losing his hair, a practice ahead of its time. He once said "I would rather write songs than do anything else – even fly." Kaplan also reported that he was a "hypochondriac of the first order" who kept a Merck manual at his bedside, injected himself with vitamins and painkillers, and had surgical procedures for ailments real and imagined.

It was Van Heusen who rushed Sinatra to the hospital after Sinatra, in despair over the breakup of his marriage to Ava Gardner, slashed one of his wrists in a suicide attempt in November 1953. However, this event was never mentioned by Van Heusen in any radio or print interviews given by him. Van Heusen himself married for the first time in 1969, at age 56, to Bobbe Brock, originally one of the Brox Sisters and widow of the late producer Bill Perlberg.

Death
Van Heusen retired in the late 1970s and died in 1990 in Rancho Mirage, California, from complications following a stroke at the age of 77. His wife, Bobbe, survived him. Van Heusen is buried near the Sinatra family in Desert Memorial Park, in Cathedral City, California. His grave marker reads Swinging on a Star.

Academy Awards
Van Heusen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song 14 times in 12 different years (in both 1945 and 1964 he was nominated for two songs), and won four times: in 1944, 1957, 1959, and 1963.
 * Wins
 * 1944 – "Swinging on a Star" (lyrics by Johnny Burke) for Going My Way
 * 1957 – "All the Way" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for The Joker Is Wild
 * 1959 – "High Hopes" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for A Hole in the Head
 * 1963 – "Call Me Irresponsible" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for Papa's Delicate Condition

 * Nominations
 * 1945 – "Sleigh Ride in July" (lyrics by Johnny Burke) from the film Belle of the Yukon
 * 1945 – "Aren't You Glad You're You?" (lyrics by Johnny Burke) from the film Bells of St. Mary's
 * 1955 – "(Love Is) The Tender Trap" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) introduced by Frank Sinatra and Debbie Reynolds in the film The Tender Trap
 * 1958 – "To Love and Be Loved" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Some Came Running
 * 1960 – "The Second Time Around" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film High Time
 * 1961 – "Pocketful of Miracles" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Pocketful of Miracles
 * 1964 – "Where Love Has Gone" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Where Love Has Gone.
 * 1964 – "My Kind of Town" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Robin and the 7 Hoods
 * 1967 – "Thoroughly Modern Millie" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Thoroughly Modern Millie
 * 1968 – "Star" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Star!

Emmy Award
He won one Emmy Award for Best Musical Contribution, for the song "Love and Marriage" (1955) (lyrics by Sammy Cahn), written for the 1955 Producers' Showcase production of Our Town.

Other awards
He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1965 for Best Musical Score Written for a Motion Picture or TV show for Robin and the Seven Hoods.

He was also nominated for three Tony awards:
 * Best Musical in 1966 for Skyscraper
 * Best Musical in 1967 for Walking Happy
 * Best Composer and Lyricist in 1967 Walking Happy

He was nominated three times for a Golden Globe Award.
 * 1965 – "Where Love Has Gone" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Where Love Has Gone
 * 1968 – "Thoroughly Modern Millie" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Thoroughly Modern Millie.
 * 1969 – "Star" (lyrics by Sammy Cahn) for the film Star!.

He won a Christopher Award in 1955 for the song "Love and Marriage".

Namesakes

 * Bob Hope's character in The Road to Hong Kong (1962) is named Chester Babcock, in reference to Van Heusen's birth name.

With lyricist Sammy Cahn

 * "A Horse on a Merry go round"
 * "Ain't That a Kick in the Head"
 * "All My Tomorrows"
 * "All the Way"
 * "B-r-a-n-e"
 * "Call Me Irresponsible"
 * "Come Blow Your Horn"
 * "Come Dance with Me"
 * "Come Fly with Me"
 * "Eee-O Eleven"
 * "An Elephant never forgets"
 * "Everybody Has the Right to Be Wrong!"
 * "A Faraway Land"
 * "H-e-a-r-t"
 * "High Hopes"
 * "I'll Only Miss Her When I Think of Her"
 * "Incurably Romantic"
 * "I Wouldn't Trade Christmas"
 * "If you're gonna be a witch, be a witch"
 * "Keep a Happy Thought"
 * "Last Dance"
 * "Let's Make Love"
 * "Love and Marriage"
 * "(Love Is) The Tender Trap"
 * "Mr. Booze"
 * "My Kind of Town"
 * "N-e-r-v-e"
 * "Only the Lonely"
 * "Pocketful Of Miracles"
 * "Return to the Land of Oz"
 * "Ring-a-Ding Ding!"
 * "The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World"
 * "The Second Time Around"
 * "The Secret of Christmas"
 * "September of My Years"
 * "Sleigh Ride in July"
 * “Specialization”
 * “Star!”
 * “Style”
 * "That Feeling for Home"
 * "The Tapioca"
 * "There's Love and There's Love and There's Love"
 * "Thoroughly Modern Millie"
 * "To Love and Be Loved"
 * "Where Love Has Gone"
 * "Who Was That lady?"
 * "You have only You"

With lyricist Johnny Burke

 * "Aren't You Glad You're You?"
 * "But Beautiful"
 * "Busy Doing Nothing"
 * "Going My Way"
 * "Here's That Rainy Day" (from Carnival in Flanders)
 * "Imagination"
 * "It Could Happen to You"
 * "It's Always You"
 * "Like Someone in Love"
 * "Life Is So Peculiar"
 * "Moonlight Becomes You"
 * "Oh, You Crazy Moon"
 * "Personality"
 * "Polka Dots and Moonbeams"
 * "Sunday, Monday, or Always"
 * "Swinging on a Star"
 * "That Christmas Feeling"
 * "Welcome To My Dream"
 * "(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco"
 * "You Lucky People You"
 * "You May Not Love Me"
 * "A Friend Of Yours"
 * "You're In Love With Someone"

With lyricist Eddie DeLange

 * "All I Remember Is You"
 * "All This and Heaven Too"
 * "Darn That Dream"
 * "Deep in a Dream"
 * "Heaven Can Wait"
 * "I'm Good for Nothing (But Love)"
 * "Shake Down the Stars"
 * "So Help Me"

With others

 * "Blue Rain" (lyrics by Johnny Mercer)
 * "Far Away" (lyrics by David Kapp)
 * "I Could Have Told You" (lyrics by Carl Sigman)
 * "I Thought About You" (lyrics by Johnny Mercer)
 * "It's the Dreamer in Me" (lyrics by Jimmy Van Heusen; music by Jimmy Dorsey)
 * "Nancy (With the Laughing Face)" (lyrics by Phil Silvers)
 * "Not as a Stranger" (lyrics by Buddy Kaye)
 * "Sha-Sha" King / Kutz (minor hit for The Andrews Sisters and Jimmy Dorsey 1938)

Independent

 * "It's 1200 miles from Palm Springs to Texas"

title: Jimmy Van Heusen


text:
Chess symbols in Unicode

Chess symbols are part of Unicode. Instead of using images, one can represent chess pieces by characters that are defined in the Unicode character set. This makes it possible to:
 * Use figurine algebraic notation, which replaces the letter that stands for a piece by its symbol, e.g. ♘c6 instead of Nc6. This enables the moves to be read independent of language (the letter abbreviations of pieces in algebraic notation vary from language to language).
 * Produce the symbols using a text editor or word processor rather than a graphics editor.

In order to display or print these symbols, a device must have one or more fonts with good Unicode support installed, and the document (Web page, word processor document, etc.) it is displaying must use one of these fonts.

Unicode version 12.0 has allocated a whole character block at 0x1FA00 for inclusion of extra chess piece representations. This includes rotated pieces, neutral (neither white nor black) pieces, knighted pieces, equihoppers, and xiangqi pieces. Shatranj pieces have been provisionally assigned for a future version.

Unicode characters
In Unicode, chess symbols are in two groups:
 * Regular chess symbols, the basic six pieces in black and white (as part of Unicode block Miscellaneous Symbols), and
 * Uncommon and fairy chess pieces and xiangqi pieces, in a block named Chess Symbols.

title: Chess symbols in Unicode


text: Talk:Culture of Mongolia

title: Talk:Culture of Mongolia


text:
Raymondville

Raymondville is the name of two towns in the United States:

 * Raymondville, Missouri
 * Raymondville, Texas

title: Raymondville


text:
Raymore

Raymore may refer to:

Places

 * Canada
 * Raymore, Saskatchewan, a town
 * Raymore Drive in Toronto, partly washed out by flooding during Hurricane Hazel (1954)
 * United States
 * Raymore, Missouri, a city
 * Raymore, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Raymore


text: User talk:169.204.230.146

title: User talk:169.204.230.146


text:
Independence (disambiguation)

Independence generally refers to the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population.

Independence may also refer to:

Mathematics

 * Algebraic independence
 * Independence (graph theory), edge-wise non-connectedness
 * Independence (mathematical logic), logical independence
 * Independence (probability theory), statistical independence
 * Linear independence

Films

 * Independence (1976 film), a docudrama directed by John Huston
 * Independence (1999 film), an Indian film in Malayalam

Music

 * Independence (Lulu album), 1993
 * Independence (Kosheen album), 2012

Naval ships

 * Independence class (disambiguation), several classes of ships
 * USS Independence, any of seven US Navy ships
 * Texan schooner Independence, an 1832 ship in the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution

United States

 * Independence County, Arkansas
 * Independence, California, a census-designated place in Inyo County
 * Independence, Calaveras County, California, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Pitkin County, Colorado, a ghost town
 * Independence, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Iowa, a city
 * Independence, Kansas, a city
 * Independence, Kentucky, a home rule-class city
 * Independence, Louisiana, a town
 * Independence, Minnesota, a city in Hennepin County
 * Independence, St. Louis County, Minnesota, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Missouri, a city
 * Independence, New York, a town
 * Independence, Ohio, a city in Cuyahoga County
 * Independence, Defiance County, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Defiance County, Ohio
 * Independence, Oklahoma, a ghost town
 * Independence, Oregon, a city
 * Independence, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Utah, a town
 * Independence, Virginia, a town
 * Independence, Barbour County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Clay County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Jackson County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Preston County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Washington, an unincorporated community
 * Independence, Wisconsin, a city
 * Independence County, Washington, a proposed county
 * Independence Township (disambiguation)
 * Lake Independence (disambiguation), various American lakes (and one constituency in Belize)
 * Independence River, a tributary of the Black River in New York
 * Independence Lake (Colorado)
 * Independence Lakes, a number of lakes in Idaho
 * Lake Independence (Michigan)
 * Lake Independence (Jackson County, Minnesota)
 * Independence National Historical Park, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Independence Rock (Wyoming)
 * Fort Independence (disambiguation)
 * Mount Independence (disambiguation)

Elsewhere

 * Independence and Mango Creek, adjacent villages (considered as one community) in Belize
 * Independence, a former name of Niulakita, Tuvalu
 * Independence Fjord, Greenland

Streams

 * Independence Creek, a creek in west Texas
 * Independence Creek (Sierra County, California), a tributary of the Little Truckee River in Sierra County and Nevada County, California

Transportation

 * SS Independence, an American passenger ship (built 1951)
 * Independence (cruise ship), a small cruise ship (built 2010)
 * FSRU Independence, a 2014 floating LNG storage and regasification unit
 * Independence (schooner), a 35-ton schooner
 * Independence Air, an American low-cost airline
 * Independence Airport (disambiguation)
 * Independence (Amtrak station), in Independence, Missouri, United States
 * Chevrolet Series AE Independence, an American automobile introduced in 1931
 * Independence Avenue (disambiguation), in various countries
 * Independence Paragliding, a German paraglider manufacturer
 * Independence 20, an American sailboat design for disabled sailors
 * Independence (fireboat), a fireboat operated in Philadelphia, since 2007
 * Independence (aircraft), US presidential transport in the 1940s and 1950s

Schools

 * Independence Community College, in Independence, Kansas, United States
 * Independence High School (disambiguation)
 * Baltimore Independence School, a public charter high school in Baltimore, Maryland, United States
 * Independence Middle School (Jupiter, Florida), United States
 * Independence Middle School (Independence, Ohio), United States

Sports teams

 * Charlotte Independence, an American soccer team based in Charlotte, North Carolina
 * Philadelphia Independence, a former American soccer team based in Chester, Pennsylvania

Other uses

 * Independence Blue Cross, an American health insurer
 * Independence Power Plant, near Newark, Arkansas
 * Ulmus americana 'Independence', an American Elm cultivar
 * Independence (Israeli political party), a political party in Israel
 * Space Shuttle Independence, full-scale, high-fidelity replica of the Space Shuttle

title: Independence (disambiguation)


text:
Mohammad Sharif (United Nations)

Mohammad Sharif (born 1933 in Nepal), was the head of the Youth Unit, Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs at the United Nations from 1979 to 1987 and then became in charge of 3 sections: disability, ageing and youth sections. He was also the Executive Secretary of International Youth Year

During International Youth Year Sharif represented the UN at a number of International Conferences in the capacity as the personal representative of the Secretary General of the UN. Among the few conferences where he played this role (mentioned in the Secretary General's Report to the UN on IYY in 1985 ) are the UNESCO's World Youth Congress and the International Youth Year Conference on Law.

He graduated from Patna University in India and completed a PhD at Iowa State University in 1969. He was formerly an official in the Nepalese government and an advisor to the King. He played a key role in the establishment of that country's national airline.

title: Mohammad Sharif (United Nations)