text:
Talk:Sydney Tower

Pictures
Do we really need two photos that are essentially the same? I'd remove one. Keep the upper one, because it was the first, or the lower one, because one can see the tower's gold color more clearly on that one? --Yogi de 07:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The second one is prettier, I kept it. Being first means nothing on wiki. -Randwicked 11:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Free standing?
The lead says it's Australia's second tallest free standing structure. However it clearly has guy wires. So what does "free standing" mean? Stevage 21:23, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

I think it means that it isn't against a cliff or something, sounds a bit strange though.

 * I sort of agree with Stevage, but how IS free-standing defined? Probably hard to pin down. Ingolfson 03:14, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * free standing means that it isn't suported by anything. It is used to distinguish buildings like the CN tower from oil platforms that can go hundreds of metres down to the floor of the ocean. 202.156.66.110 09:36, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * They are not "guy wires". It is an unusual pre-stressed concrete structure where some of the reinforcing is outside the concrete column.Eregli bob (talk) 20:13, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

These are stay cables, and the building is not free-standing. The stays effects are strictly of axial tension, and the centre mast supplies the compressional resistance. It's the same thing as a yatch's mast, just a bit more complex. The VNG12 tower near Tullamarine is Australia's tallest structure, and is stayed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.219.69.162 (talk) 07:33, 29 March 2013 (UTC)

Name
"Sydney Tower", 151,000 "Centrepoint Sydney", 218,000 "Centerpoint Sydney", 102,000

151,000 vs 320,000.

I've never heard any Australian call it 'Sydney Tower', just like the contempt we had for it being called friggen 'Amp Tower' when AMP bought it. It's Centerpoint / Centrepoint, and -always- will be. :) 'nuff said.  Jachin 06:55, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Should still be under the official name. Others names are redirected here, so no big loss.MadMaxDog 22:30, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

It certainly should not say that sydney tower is the common name in use in australia. It has and always will be known as Centrepoint tower. All other names have simply been failed branding exercises. This article should be edited to reflect that. I am a born here sydneysider by the way. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.174.17.54 (talk) 11:05, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

Restaurants
Can someone confirm its TWO restaurants? The renovation articles talk of one only. MadMaxDog 22:30, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The a-la-carte restaurant is now promoted as part-bar, part-restaurant, but the food still appears to be the main focus (the buffet restaurant is still there, although renovated according to the article). I think it's still safe to speak of two restaurants in that way. -Spiky Sharkie [ talk ] 11:57, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Yes, I work at the tower and have worked at the lower level (L1) 360 bar and dining, restaurant with revolving bar and the Newly (October 2010) renovated level 2 Sydney tower Buffet. There is also a daytime cafe/ night time function space known as Sky Venue,(Level 3) the observation deck is on level 4. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.90.187 (talk) 13:26, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Proposed change to edited image?
I have edited the infobox image to remove the building and the utility pole. What do people think, should we replace the article image with it? Ingolfson 02:54, 25 August 2007 (UTC) .

Section not open to the public
This article doesn't mention what's on the floor of the tower not open to the public. I doubt that the antenna (or "spire") is there for show and tell, or for TV reception. It's purpose stated here is for telecommunications and observation. Does anyone know if Australia's intelligence services have a floor there? Maybe the CIA's Sydney substation (if they have one) has office space there too? If nobody knows, is anyone willing to file a FOI request to find out exactly what's on the floor not open to the public? I can't find anything using Google that even asks the question what's on the floor not open to the public. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.44.101.228 (talk) 16:45, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I suspect it's just housing the water tank and plant/service areas. Just because you can't find information through Google doesn't mean it's some big secret. If you don't want to research beyond typing a few keywords into a web search box, try asking in the Oz section of the skyscrapercity forums - I'm sure someone there will have an answer for you (albeit unciteable). 121.44.98.216 (talk) 22:16, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * You "suspect?" Why is that? Are you an architect who designs these buildings? Is it typical a whole floor not open to the public would be a water tank and/or plant/service area? Just because you can't find information through Google doesn't mean it's some big secret that there are suspected water tank and plant/service areas. If you don't want to research beyond typing a few keywords into a web search box, try asking in the Oz section of the skyscrapercity forums - I'm sure someone there will have a suspected answer for you (albeit unciteable and only suspected). ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.44.44.92 (talk) 17:37, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * wow my house isn't open to the public, i wonder what strange things go on in there... unspkeakable things... (looks around suspiciously) 202.156.66.110 (talk) 15:39, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, file that FOI request then (if there's such a term in Australia). CIA substation? Well, that one's probably in talk's house, though! Ingolfson (talk) 23:45, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Anyway, I'm with the others - way too exposed to be the site of something like that, and technically not required nowadays (wiretaps, satellites, anyone? Governments do not need tall towers anymore to watch their people...) Ingolfson (talk) 23:45, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The original poster sounds like he's just stirring the pot. His second post asks how typical it is for a skyscraper to have even one floor dedicated to plant (let alone multiple mechanical floors, which in fact is the case with most skyscrapers), so he clearly hasn't done elementary research before coming up with his theory. The Little Teapot (talk) 23:59, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "...with the space above the people deck occupied by a 162 000 litre water tank that steadies the building on windy days and topped off with an antenna." - http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Sydney_AMP_Tower__Review_5542796 - Mark 00:55, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Now that IS interesting. What do they need 162 tonnes of water up there? Is that all ballast? I guess it could be part of their fire sprinkler system too. Anyway, just asking, not imaging some conspiracy. Though it might make a good shark tank for a James Bond villain. Lording it high over Sydney... Ingolfson (talk) 11:43, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I think I read in a paper by the architect that the fire authorities wanted the tank. But it's also suspended and functions as a tuned mass damper. Maybe the size was determined largely by the latter. The Little Teapot (talk) 00:49, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Wow guys, okay, again, i work at the tower... there are 8 levels in the top of the tower, levels 1-3 are food related levels comprising of a-la-carte, buffet and a cafe restaurants. Level 4 is the observation deck, level 5 has no straight access but can be accessed from level 6, level 5 and 6 have motors and compressors for refrigeration units and water tanks supplying the restaurants on level 3. Level 7 and 8 are Telecommunication and High-speed lift access levels. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.90.187 (talk) 13:29, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

WP:FOOD Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Restaurants or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. You can find the related request for tagging here -- TinucherianBot (talk) 11:16, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Ten late news wed 2/7/08, elevator trouples
There was a "breaking" report at the head of the show about an elevator falling to the ground and another stuck for 2-3 hours, should be plastered over the news tomorrow if its true... end of the news broadcast said 11 people were trapped for a time, but then rescued safely, and there was no falling elevator according to Westfield. 218.215.56.26 (talk) 13:20, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Materials
What's the Sydney or Centerpoint Tower made of? Thank you —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.226.129.168 (talk) 05:05, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Similar to Fernsehturm Stuttgart?
The top section seems to have been inspired by the much 1950s Fernsehturm Stuttgart. Both have 4 floors. -- Matthead Discuß   00:44, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

Nonsensical claim
"Public access to the tower, at the time the fourth tallest building in the world, began in August 1981". This is nonsense. In 1981, in the USA alone,  the Empire State building, Chrylser Building, Sears Tower were taller than the Centrepoint Tower. In addition, the CN Tower in Toronto. In addition, the Eiffel Tower which is 120 years old is taller than the Centrepoint Tower. Fourth highest in 1981, it was not.Eregli bob (talk) 20:11, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * A quick glance at List of tallest towers in the world confirmed this to be true so it's gone. --AussieLegend (talk) 08:58, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

'AMP' Banner comming down
Okay, so I edited this article to state that the AMP banner would be comming down in 2012 and replaced with the WESTFIELD banner, this was scheduled for then as i knew it last July in a meeting with Westfield execs, however it has been brought forward to THIS WEEKEND! between the hours of Saturday 21st May 2011 2300 and Sunday Morning 22nd May 2011 1000hrs,

and i cant get into the tower on sunday morning till after 10am because they have to shut the street and the mall to safely operate the helicopter to preform this maneuver.

i have tried twice to change the info on this bloody page and it seems whoever has editing rights to this information does not believe me...

so,

on Sunday the 22nd of May 2011 can i say... I TOLD YOU SO! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.90.187 (talk) 13:40, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

 * That you work at the tower is not considered to be a reliable source. Personal knowledge is considered to be original research and is not permitted. As I explained on your talk page, Wikipedia's verifiability policy requires attribution to reliable sources. It doesn't matter whether you are correct or not. --AussieLegend (talk) 13:47, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

And yet you allow my old information of the sign being replaced in 2012 to remain on the site??? strange...

oh well... i told you so :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.90.187 (talk) 13:58, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Okay, so it took 3 attempts but (22nd May cancelled due to high wind, 12th june cancelled due to poor weather) but last night the AMP sign was taken down and replaced with the new westfield sign! hooray! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.229.4.71 (talk) 00:33, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

ive got a few pics of it but i dont know how to add them to the article aussielege, but this should be enough to eliminate the citation you put on her...  sorry for poor quality, recorded off my iphone... wave to me, ill be up there tomorrow...

(told you so (eventually)) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.229.4.71 (talk) 08:56, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Well no, not at all. The sign didn't go up on 22 May, which was what you were claiming. --AussieLegend (talk) 16:44, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

lol, didnt go up in 2012 either, you are correct! but i just lucked out on weather. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.229.4.71 (talk) 02:06, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

also, what i originally wrote was "On Sunday 23rd of May 2011 the Sydney CBD streets will be shut down as the 'AMP' banner is scheduled to be removed from the top of the tower and replaced (by helicopter) by a large illuminated 'WESTFIELD' logo" this is all correct, the mall and surrounding streets were shut, and it was scheduled then, it just didnt happen due to high winds.

2 days before the aborted attempt was made on the 12th they cancelled it because of the rain, so they never got as far as shutting the mall then.

this time they had near perfect conditions... anyway, i dont give a toss anymore, just thought you'd like to know — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.229.4.71 (talk) 02:14, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

Tower is NOT called Sydney Tower Eye
This article should revert to previous title "Sydney Tower". It is not, and never has been Sydney Tower Eye. The official website of the structure - http://www.sydneytowereye.com.au/explore/history-of-sydney-tower/ - says "11. Sydney Tower retains its original name today as simply 'Sydney Tower', with the Sydney Tower Eye being the name of the viewing attraction located on the upper level, providing the best views from the highest point in the city." I'd do it myself, but I'm not sure how. Ian Page (talk) 17:22, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I think there has been a bit of a backlash over the eye. Back in August 2011 it seemed that the name was going to be "Sydney Tower Eye", but as this news report suggested, the name change was destined to be as popular as iSnack2.0, and there appears to have been a back-down. If there is no opposition in a few days I'll move the article back to where it was. --AussieLegend (talk) 17:47, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I support this now. I was the one that originally moved the page based on the news articles linked by AussieLegend. Since it was me that moved it to Sydney Tower Eye I thought I would be bold and move it back to Sydney Tower. Themeparkgc   Talk  21:31, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

Construction started
First: The construction of a tower is s.th. completely different to the office building. This arcticle is about the tower building and not about the base building. The tower building is starting on top of the office building and not on the basement.

Second: Your argument for 1970 as starting year was respected by me with this  compromise that you are blasting by edit war. I see not one argument not to have here a detailed definition of the starting year. --Alabasterstein (talk) 19:55, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

 * The office building forms the base of the tower - the tower can't float in mid-air. The office building provides the anchor point for the guys and access to the tower, which starts inside the office building - they're one integral unit and were built as such, just as the upper floors of any building are built after the lower floors. The height of Sydney Tower is measured from ground level for this reason. If the office building wasn't considered to be part of the tower, its height wouldn't be included in the height of the tower. As for the edit war, when you make a bold edit, and it is reverted, it's up to you to then provide justification for your edit, as was explained on your talk page. If you make an edit, you shouldn't immediately revert without providing justification. That's edit-warring. When edits like yours are opposed, the status quo prevails. -- Aussie Legend  ( ✉ ) 20:10, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * "office building forms the base of the tower" no one denies this fact. But it is not true that the building and the tower structure are an integral unit from the view of a civil engineer. A tower is a tower and a high-rise building is a high-rise building and a separate unit that has constructional nothing in common. Actually I expand the german article of the Sydney Tower and as I read 1970 first time as starting year this was very confusing because this would mean you would have eleven years construction time for a tower. In the second view this confusion I could dissolve as I read that 1970 was starting of the office building. But if you want just browsing information you read not the article but look at the info box. In this case it is very meaningful to make clear that you have two parts and therefore two starting years. You didn't make reasonable why this shouldn't be make clear in this way. --Alabasterstein (talk) 20:20, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't see the problem with an 11 year construction time, or its relevance. The base of the structure had to be completed first, and it isn't a normal building because it was built with the express intent of being the base of the tower. As such, it took more time to build than would have an equivalent building without a tower on top. Once it was finally completed, the tower was erected on top, and the gondola took years to travel up the central core. The Sydney Opera House took 14 years to build - 11 years isn't a long time. -- Aussie Legend  ( ✉ ) 20:38, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The problem is: the tower wasn't build so long, it was build just 6 years and it conveys a wrong issue if you just set up 1970 as starting year for a tower article. 11 years would be a unusual period compared with similar tower structures. I agree that it's necessary to set also the starting year of the office building. But there is no reason to delete the starting year of the specific tower structure. --Alabasterstein (talk) 20:50, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

Who calls this thing "Sydney Tower"
I find the claim that Centre Point Tower is commonly called "Sydney Tower" to be rather extraordinary. As a Sydneysider I have never come across such terminology in my life.--Soft and Stout (talk) 14:55, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Their official site disagrees with you, as does their restaurant, their functions company, the Sydney Tower Stair Challenge and the Sydney Morning Herald. The middle source points out that it stopped being Centrepoint fifteen years ago. The Drover's Wife (talk) 16:01, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

Mate so the people who run the business -right now- who decided to rebrand it because they didnt want to pay for the centrepoint name are the official source for what the tower is called? Nobody from sydney calls it sydney tower, i'm willing to bet most cabbies couldn't take you there, honestly. I don't have a problem with the article stating the official name is sydney tower, but to claim its commonly called Sydney Tower when it is infact, commonly NOT called Sydney Tower smacks of involvement from the company themselves. It would not surprise me one bit if the marketing team from Sydney Tower was editing this page to try and reinforce the usage of their new rebrand job. This is a smack in the face. 110.174.17.54 (talk) 11:17, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Sydney Tower. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080226183936/http://www.sydneytoweroztrek.com.au:80/tower.html to http://www.sydneytoweroztrek.com.au/tower.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:57, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sydney Tower


text:
Talk:Rachel Félix

Untitled
Very similar to the site cited below: "economy of gesture, etc." Danny 02:51, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

She wasn´t a Swiss actress and was born in Switzerland by chance: Her family were on their way from Germany to France, when the mother gave birth to Rachel in a country inn. Later on they moved to Lyon.Greetings from Germany--84.61.117.75 10:55, 17 January 2006 (UTC)coolgretchen

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 07:55, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Courtesan?
Was she truly a courtesan, a prostitute? Did she charge money for sex, or did she simply have lovers? She has this category. This should be clarified. --85.226.44.74 (talk) 15:42, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Nothing in the article support that she was a prostitute. It does not matter how many relationships or lovers, longterm lovers or short-term lovers she had; the definition to be a prostitute, is to have sex in exhange for money. --85.226.44.19 (talk) 13:21, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 00:47, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Rachel (actress) → Rachel Félix – Current title is as insufficient as calling Barack Obama Barack (president). The French Wikipedia calls her Rachel Félix.--The Emperor's New Spy (talk) 21:44, 28 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment. What happens on the French Wikipedia, or any other Wikipedia in another language, should be irrelevant. Per the naming convention policies here on the English Wikipedia, the question is: what is the most common name used by most reliable sources in the English language? Is it "Rachel Félix"? Or is she most commonly known in English-language-reliable sources as a mononymous person like Madonna or Prince? The example of Barack Obama should also be irrelevant (see also WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS, as there seems to be a lot of current international reliable sources that always refer to him primarily as "Barack Obama"). Zzyzx11 (talk) 03:55, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Support the article says "Mademoiselle Rachel", not "Rachel", so "Rachel Felix" works much better. -- 76.65.128.112 (talk) 05:06, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Support. Barring a compelling reason to keep her at mononym status... Red Slash 09:13, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Support. A mononym has to be earned. bd2412  T 14:39, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Rachel Félix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20031230100239/http://bartleby.com/65/ra/Rachel2.html to http://www.bartleby.com/65/ra/Rachel2.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:25, 29 November 2017 (UTC)

Queries
What was the cause of her death? How did a statue labelled "Mlle. Rachel" in Berlin survive National Socialism?96.248.101.32 (talk) 18:19, 28 February 2018 (UTC)DeAndruw Carter

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Rachel Félix


text:
U.S. Bancorp

U.S. Bancorp (stylized as us bancorp) is an American bank holding company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and incorporated in Delaware. It is the parent company of U.S. Bank National Association, and is the fifth largest banking institution in the United States. The company provides banking, investment, mortgage, trust, and payment services products to individuals, businesses, governmental entities, and other financial institutions. As of 2019, it had 3,106 branches and 4,842 automated teller machines, primarily in the Western and Midwestern United States. In 2023 it ranked 149th on the Fortune 500, and it is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. The company also owns Elavon, a processor of credit card transactions for merchants, and Elan Financial Services, a credit card issuer that issues credit card products on behalf of small credit unions and banks across the U.S.

U.S. Bancorp operates under the second-oldest continuous national charter, originally Charter #24, granted in 1863 following the passage of the National Bank Act. Earlier charters have expired as banks were closed or acquired, raising U.S. Bank's charter number from #24 to #2. The oldest national charter, originally granted to the First National Bank of Philadelphia, is held by Wells Fargo, which was obtained upon its merger with Wachovia.

History
The U.S. Bank name first appeared as United States National Bank of Portland, established in Portland, Oregon, in 1891. In 1902, it merged with Ainsworth National Bank of Portland, but kept the U.S. National Bank name. It changed its name to the United States National Bank of Oregon in 1964.

The central part of the franchise dates from 1864, with the formation of First National Bank of Minneapolis. In 1929, that bank merged with First National Bank of St. Paul (also formed in 1864) and several smaller Upper Midwest banks to form the First Bank Stock Corporation, which changed its name to First Bank System in 1968.

In the eastern part of the franchise, Farmers and Millers Bank in Milwaukee opened its doors in 1853, growing into the First National Bank of Milwaukee and eventually becoming First Wisconsin and ultimately Firstar Corporation. In Cincinnati, First National Bank of Cincinnati opened for business on July 13, 1863 under National Charter #24—the charter that U.S. Bancorp still operates under today, and one of the oldest active national bank charters in the nation. U.S. Bancorp claims 1863 as its founding date. Despite having started up in the midst of the Civil War, First National Bank of Cincinnati went on to survive many decades to grow into Star Bank.

U.S. Bancorp of Oregon era
In January 1969, the U.S. National Bank of Oregon reorganized as a holding company, U. S. Bancorp, after receiving authorization from its bank directors on September 9, 1968 and subsequently receiving legal approval to proceed from the Comptroller of the Currency on November 28, 1968. LeRoy B. Staver, president, and chief executive officer of the bank, was quickly appointed chairman and chief executive officer for the new holding company while Robert B. Wilson was appointed president of the holding company and also executive vice president for the bank. Wilson later resigned as president in December 1972 and his position was filled eight months later by John A. Elorriaga.

Staver retired in October 1974 and was succeeded by John Elorriaga who was promoted to chairman and chief executive officer while Carl W. Mays Jr was named president in Elorriaga's place.

A major change in the organization of leadership in the U.S. Bancorp of Oregon occurred in August 1983. Although Elorriaga remained as chairman and chief executive officer for the firm, Mays was appointed to the new position of executive assistant to the chairman while Edmund P. Jensen was appointed president as a replacement to Mays, and Roger L. Breezley was appointed to the new post of chief operating officer.

In December 1986, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Forest Grove, Oregon-based Valley National Corporation (not to be confused with the Phoenix, Arizona, company of the same name) with its five-branch Valley National Bank of Forest Grove subsidiary for $13.7 million (~$ in ) in stock.

U.S. Bancorp of Oregon made its first acquisition outside the state of Oregon by announcing in December 1986 the pending acquisition of the Spokane, Washington-based Old National Bancorp with its Old National Bank of Washington and First National Bank of Spokane subsidiaries for $174 million (~$ in ). The acquisition was completed in July 1987 on the first day that the state of Washington had allowed bank acquisitions by out-of-state companies.

In December 1986, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Camas, Washington-based Heritage Bank for $2.8 million (~$ in ).

In May 1987, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Seattle, Washington-based Peoples Bancorp with its Peoples National Bank subsidiary for $275 million (~$ in ) in stock. The acquisition was completed in December 1987. After the acquisition, Peoples and Old National were combined to form U.S. Bank of Washington.

John Elorriaga retired as chairman of the board and chief executive officer in November 1987 and was replaced by Roger L. Breezley while Jensen continued as president.

In December 1987, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Bellingham, Washington-based Mt Baker Bank for $25 million (~$ in ).

U.S. Bancorp of Oregon entered the state of California by announcing in April 1988 the pending acquisition of the Eureka, California-based Bank of Loleta with seven branch offices in Humboldt and Del Norte counties for $15.3 million (~$ in ) in cash. The acquisition was completed in December 1988 and was renamed U.S. Bank of California.

In April 1988, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Bellingham, Washington-based Northwestern Commercial Bank for $15.5 million (~$ in ). The acquisition was completed in November 1988.

In July 1988, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Auburn, Washington-based Western Independent Bancshares with its Auburn Valley Bank subsidiary for $4.25 million (~$ in ) in cash.

In October 1989, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Sacramento, California-based Mother Lode Savings Bank with three branch offices for $5.3 million (~$ in ). The acquisition was completed in August 1990. This acquisition was one of the first of a thrift by a commercial bank in the nation since legislation permitting such takeovers went into effect.

During the late 1980s, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon made several attempts to enter the state of Idaho by the acquisition of an existing Idaho-based bank, the only method then allowed under Idaho law, but failed when the price got too high. In March 1990, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced that they would establish a bank through a loophole in Federal banking law that allows the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to allow the relocation of bank headquarters within 30 miles of their present location without regards to state boundaries and state regulations. So U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced that they plan to transfer the existing branches of the First National Bank of Spokane to the U.S. Bancorp of Washington and then ask permission from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to move the headquarters of First National from Spokane, Washington, to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. After receiving Federal approval, First National was finally moved in February 1992 and renamed U.S. Bank of Idaho.

In July 1990, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Auburn, California-based HeartFed Financial Corporation with its Heart Federal Savings and Loan subsidiary for $107.8 million (~$ in ) in stock. At the time of the announcement, Heart Federal Savings had 29 branch offices in northern California. The acquisition was completed in March 1991 for $118 million (~$ in ).

In November 1991, Edmund P. Jensen was given the post of chief operating officer in addition to his duties as president, making him a possible successor to Breezley.

In February 1992, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the 20 branch offices in Northern California and 29 branch offices in Nevada for $70 million (~$ in ) that were being divested by Bankamerica Corporation as a result of Bank of America's impending acquisition of Security Pacific Corporation. This acquisition gave U.S. Bancorp of Oregon its first presence in the state of Nevada.

Another major change in the organization of leadership in the U.S. Bancorp of Oregon occurred in January 1993. While retaining his position as chief operating officer, Edmund P. Jensen was appointed vice-chairman while giving his position of president to Kevin R. Kelly. At the same time, Gerry B. Cameron was appointed vice-chairman. Ten months later, Jensen resigned to become president of Visa Inc. In January 1994, Gerry Cameron was first appointed chief operating officer as a replacement to Jensen and later appointed chief executive officer just three weeks later. Kelly submitted his resignation as president in March 1994 and Breezley finally gave up the chairmanship to Cameron in April 1994.

In May 1995, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Boise, Idaho-based West One Bancorp for $1.8 billion (~$ in ). At the time of the announcement, West One had branch offices in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Utah while U.S. Bancorp of Oregon had branch offices in Oregon, Washington, California, Idaho, and Nevada. The acquisition was completed in December 1995 and gave U.S. Bancorp of Oregon its first entry into the state of Utah. As part of the acquisition deal, West One's chairman and chief executive Daniel R. Nelson would become the chief operating officer and president of U.S. Bancorp and he would later be Cameron's successor as chairman and CEO upon Cameron's planned retirement in three years. Since both U.S. Bancorp and West One had overlapping territories in Oregon and Washington, the U.S. Justice Department would only allow the acquisition to proceed if U.S. Bancorp would sell off 27 branch offices in Washington and Oregon. As a result of the regulatory ruling, U.S. Bancorp sold 25 branch offices in Oregon, four in central Washington and one in Idaho to First Hawaiian Bank for $38 million in cash.

In February 1996, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the San Ramon, California-based California Bancshares for $309 million (~$ in ) in stock. California Bancshares had a total of 38 branches in the East San Francisco Bay Area in nine separate banks that included Alameda First National, Community First National, Modesto Banking Co., Commercial Bank of Fremont, Lamorinda National Bank, Bank of San Ramon Valley, Westside Bank, Concord Commercial Bank and Bank of Milpitas. The acquisition was completed in June 1996.

In September 1996, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the St. George, Utah-based Sun Capital Bancorp with its three-branch office Sun Capital Bank subsidiary for $15.5 million (~$ in ). The acquisition was completed in January 1997.

In December 1996, Daniel R. Nelson, president and chief operating officer of U.S. Bancorp of Oregon, unexpectedly announced his early retirement effective on New Year's Day 1997. Nelson was originally in line to be Gerry B. Cameron's successor as chairman and chief executive upon the Cameron's planned retirement on New Year's Day 1999.

In December 1996, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon announced the pending acquisition of the Sacramento, California-based Business & Professional Bank for $35 million (~$ in ) in cash. The acquisition was completed in May 1997.

First Bank System era
In March 1997, the Minneapolis, Minnesota-based First Bank System announced the pending acquisition of U.S. Bancorp of Oregon for $9 billion (~$ in ) in stock. At the time of the announcement, U.S. Bancorp of Oregon had banking offices in Oregon, Washington, California, Idaho and Utah while First Bank System had banking offices in Minnesota, Colorado, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas, and Wyoming. Under the terms of the acquisition, First Bank System was the nominal survivor, and the newly merged company was headquartered in Minneapolis. However, it took the more recognizable U. S. Bancorp name. John F. Grundhofer, chairman and chief executive of First Bank, was appointed president and chief executive of the new company while Gerry B. Cameron, chairman, and chief executive of U.S. Bancorp of Oregon, was appointed chairman of the new company, which he held until his retirement in 1998. The acquisition was completed in August 1997. Approximately 4000 jobs were eliminated, mostly in Portland.

Brief history of First Bank prior to acquisition
First Bank System can trace its roots to the formation of First National Bank of Minneapolis in 1864. In 1929, the First National Bank of Minneapolis joined with the First National Bank of St. Paul to form a joint holding company for both banks that was called the First Bank Stock Corporation, while keeping both subsidiary banks legally separate. The new holding company quickly grew by acquiring other banks in the four-state region before the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 prohibited such actions. First Bank Stock Corporation was renamed First Bank System Inc. in 1968.

U.S. Bancorp after takeover by First Bank System
In September 1997, the new U.S. Bancorp, formerly First Bank System, announced the pending acquisition of the St. Cloud, Minnesota-based Zappco, Inc. with its three banks and six banking locations for an undisclosed amount. At the time of the announcement, U.S. Bancorp had more than 1,000 banking offices in the states of Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, California, Idaho, Nebraska, North Dakota, Nevada, South Dakota, Montana, Iowa, Illinois, Utah, Wisconsin, Kansas, and Wyoming. The acquisition was completed in December 1997.

In March 1998, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the Vancouver, Washington-based Northwest Bancshares with its 10-branch offices Northwest National Bank subsidiary for an undisclosed amount. In October 1998, the U.S. Justice Department agreed to allow the acquisition to proceed on the condition that one of the Northwest National Bank branch offices was to be sold. The acquisition was completed in December 1998 after U.S. Bancorp sold the requested banking office to Centennial Bank of Eugene.

At the end of 1998, Gerry Cameron retired as chairman and handed the position over to John Grundhofer who added the title of chairman to his other positions of president and chief executive officer.

In February 1999, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the San Diego-based Bank of Commerce with its 10 branch offices for $314 million (~$ in ) in stock. The acquisition was finalized in July 1999. r In May 1999, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the Newport Beach, California-based Western Bancorp with its Santa Monica Bank and Southern California Bank subsidiaries and a total of 31 branch offices for $904 million (~$ in ) in stock. At the time of the announcement, U.S. Bancorp had 98 branch offices within California. The acquisition was finalized in November 1999 for $1.04 billion (~$ in ) in stock. In July 1999, Philip G. Heasley was appointed president and chief operating officer of U.S. Bancorp. John Grundhofer had handed over the position of president to Heasley while still retaining the titles of chairman and chief executive officer. Heasley had assisted Grundhofer in turning the company around from near insolvency when the company was originally known as First Bank until it became a successful financial institution that became large enough to be absorb other banks, including U.S. Bancorp of Oregon in 1997. Heasley resigned the following year to join Bank One as the head of their First USA credit card unit around the same time Firstar was about to takeover U.S. Bancorp.

In September 1999, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the San Diego-based Peninsula Bank with its 11 branch offices for $104 million (~$ in ) in stock. In early January 2000, a group of Peninsula Bank stockholders tried to stop the merger because the initial merger agreement was made prior to the huge 27% single-day drop in the value of U.S. Bancorp stock which effectively lowered the purchase price. The acquisition was later completed in January 2000 at a 10% reduction of the original price negotiated.

In June 2000, U.S. Bancorp announced the acquisition of the San Diego-based Scripps Financial Corporation with its nine-branch office Scripps Bank subsidiary for $155 million (~$ in ) in stock. The acquisition was completed in October 2000.

Firstar era
In October 2000, Firstar Corporation of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, announced the pending acquisition of U.S. Bancorp for $21 billion (~$ in ) in stock. The merger was completed on February 27, 2001. While Firstar was the nominal survivor, the merged company took the U.S. Bancorp name and moved to old U.S. Bancorp's headquarters in Minneapolis. Under the merger agreement, Jerry Grundhofer, president and chief executive officer of Firstar, would continue in those positions in the combined company while his older brother, John Grundhofer, chairman, president and chief executive officer of U.S. Bancorp, would serve as chairman of the board in the combined company until his planned retirement on December 31, 2002. The merged company retained some administrative functions in Milwaukee and Cincinnati.

To allow the merger to proceed, the U.S. Department of Justice required Firstar to sell 11 branch offices in the Minneapolis-area and 2 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Bremer Bank of Saint Paul, Minnesota, purchased the 11 Minneapolis-area Firstar offices while Liberty Bank of West Des Moines, Iowa, purchased the 2 Council Bluffs offices.

Brief history of Firstar prior to acquisition
Firstar Corporation traced its roots to the founding of the Farmer's and Millers Bank in Milwaukee in 1853, which by 1919 evolved into First Wisconsin National Bank. However, the Firstar that took over U.S. Bancorp in 2001 was actually the same company and leadership that acquired Firstar 27 months earlier in 1998, namely Star Banc Corporation. That bank, in turn, traced its roots to the founding of First National Bank of Cincinnati in 1863. Jerry Grundhofer and his team from Star Banc were instrumental in both acquisitions.

Present-day U.S. Bancorp retains Star Banc's pre-1998 stock price history. As mentioned above, it claims 1863 as its founding date, and operates under the charter originally granted to First National Bank of Cincinnati. Additionally, all SEC filings before 1998 are under Star Banc, and all filings from 1998 to 2000 are under Firstar.

U.S. Bancorp after takeover by Firstar
In April 2001, the new U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of all 20 branch offices in California of the Encino-based Pacific Century Bank from its Honolulu-based parent Pacific Century Financial Corporation. The acquisition was completed in September 2001.

In July 2002, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of all 57 retail banking branches of the San Mateo, California-based Bay View Bank from its Bay View Capital Corporation parent for $429 million (~$ in ). The acquisition was completed in November 2002.

On New Years Day 2003, John Grundhofer retired as chairman of U.S. Bancorp and handed the position to his younger brother Jerry Grundhofer, who added the title of chairman to his other positions of president and chief executive officer in the corporation.

In May 2004, U.S. Bancorp announced that it was acquiring the $34 billion (~$ in ) corporate trust bond administration business from National City Corporation.

In October 2004, Richard K. Davis was appointed chief operating officer and president of U.S. Bancorp. Jerry Grundhofer had handed over the position of president to Davis while still retaining the titles of chairman and chief executive officer. Davis had been a protege of Grundhofer since their days together at Star Banc Corporation and had assisted in the takeover of Firstar by Star Banc in 1998 and the later acquisition of U.S. Bancorp by Firstar in 2001.

U.S. Bancorp acquired Genpass along with its MoneyPass ATM network subsidiary for an undisclosed amount in May 2005.

In November 2005, U.S. Bancorp announced that it was acquiring the $410 billion corporate trust and institutional custody businesses of Wachovia Corporation for $720 million in cash.

In July 2006, U.S. Bancorp announced that it was acquiring the $123 billion (~$ in ) municipal and corporate bond trustee business from SunTrust.

In June 2006, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the Avon, Colorado-based Vail Banks Inc. with its WestStar Bank subsidiary and 23 locations for $98.6 million (~$ in ) in cash. The acquisition was completed in September 2006.

In November 2006, U.S. Bancorp announced that it was acquiring the $30 billion (~$ in ) municipal bond trustee business from LaSalle Bank.

In November 2006, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the Great Falls, Montana-based United Financial Corporation with its Heritage Bank subsidiary for $71 million (~$ in ) in stock. The acquisition was completed in February 2007 and nearly double the branch presence of U.S. Bank in Montana.

In December 2006, Jerry Grundhofer handed over the position of chief executive officer to president Richard Davis while Grundhofer remained chairman until his retirement the following year in December 2007. After Grundhofer retirement in December 2007, Davis added the position of chairman to his other titles of president and chief executive officer.

In March 2008, the U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of the seven-office Los Angeles-based Mellon 1st Business Bank from the Bank of New York Mellon for an undisclosed amount in cash. The acquisition was completed in June 2008.

On November 14, 2008, the U.S. Treasury invested $6,599,000,000 (~$ in ) in preferred stock and warrants in the company via the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Weeks earlier, U.S. Bancorp has entered into acquisition talks with National City Corp. and had made an offer to buy National City until PNC Financial Services used its portion of TARP funds to outbid U.S. Bancorp and acquire National City instead. Had National City accepted U.S. Bancorp's offer, U.S. Bancorp would have expanded into Florida, Michigan and Pennsylvania (three states that as of 2023 still don't have a retail presence from U.S. Bancorp), but major divestments would've been made in Midwestern states, especially Ohio.

On November 21, 2008, the company acquired the failed Downey Savings & Loan Association and also the failed Pomona First Federal Bancorp in a transaction facilitated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for an undisclosed amount. Downey Savings had 170 branch offices in California and five branch offices in Arizona while PFF Bank had 38 branch offices in Southern California.

In April 2009, U.S. Bancorp acquired the assets and deposits of the failed Ketchum, Idaho-based First Bank of Idaho in a transaction facilitated by the FDIC. First Bank of Idaho had seven offices in Idaho and Wyoming, some of which operated under the name First Bank of the Tetons.

On June 17, 2009, the company redeemed the $6.6 billion of preferred stock and on July 15, 2009, it completed the purchase of a warrant held by the U.S. Treasury Department. This effectively concluded U.S. Bancorp's participation in the Capital Purchase Program. It was the first bank to repay the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds. On October 5, 2009, the company announced its acquisition of the $8 billion (~$ in ) mutual fund administration and accounting servicing division of Fiduciary Management, Inc. for an undisclosed amount.

On October 7, 2009, the company agreed to buy the bond trustee business of First Citizens Bank, a subsidiary of First Citizens BancShares Inc. for an undisclosed amount.

On October 20, 2009, the company completed a transaction to purchase the failed FBOP Corporation's nine subsidiary banks from the FDIC for an undisclosed amount. The banks included BankUSA, National Association with 2 offices in Arizona, Cal National Bank with 68 offices in California, Citizens National Bank with 1 office in Texas, Community Bank of Lemont with 1 office in Illinois, Madisonville State Bank with 1 office in Texas, North Houston Bank with 1 office in Texas, Pacific National Bank with 17 offices in California, Park National Bank with 31 offices in Illinois, and San Diego National Bank with 28 offices in California.

Since the company did not have a previous presence in Texas nor want one in the near future, the company subsequently sold the three banks in Texas in 2010 to Houston-based Prosperity Bancshares for an undisclosed amount. Each of the banks had one office each.

In October 2009, BB&T Corporation (now Truist Financial) announced the pending sale of its Nevada banking operations to U.S. Bancorp for an undisclosed amount. BB&T had just acquired the 21 offices in Nevada through a transaction facilitated by the FDIC for disposal of the assets and deposits of the failed Alabama-based Colonial BancGroup but BB&T had no desire to expand west of Texas while it wanted to keep the other Colonial former locations in the Southeastern United States. The acquisition was completed in January 2010.

In July 2010, U.S. Bancorp sold its FAF Advisors subsidiary to Nuveen Investments for $80 million (~$ in ) and a 9.5% stake in Nuveen.

In 2010, Huntington Bancshares announced it would take over the leases of bank branches inside Giant Eagle locations in Ohio, largely replacing U.S. Bancorp but also replacing branches from FirstMerit Corporation (which itself would be acquired by Huntington in 2016) and Citizens Financial Group; the deal didn't affect Citizens branches inside Giant Eagle locations in Pennsylvania. The deal mostly didn't affect U.S. Bancorp, but it did lead to the withdrawal from the Youngstown, Ohio market since U.S. Bancorp's only branches in the area were inside Giant Eagle locations; the branches had been a holdover from the Firstar days. By 2020, U.S. Bancorp had organically become Ohio's largest bank by deposits despite not having a presence in the Youngstown and Toledo markets and ahead of major banks based in Ohio (Huntington, Fifth Third Bank & KeyBank), PNC Bank, and Chase Bank.

In January 2011, U.S. Bancorp acquired the assets and deposits of the failed First Community Bank of New Mexico in a transaction facilitated by the FDIC for an asset discount of approximately $380 million (~$ in ). The acquisition had included 35 offices in New Mexico and 3 offices in Arizona.

In January 2012, the company acquired the assets and deposits of the failed Knoxville, Tennessee-based BankEast in a transaction facilitated by the FDIC for an asset discount of approximately $67.5 million (~$ in ). The acquisition had included 10 offices in the Knoxville area.

In March 2013, U.S. Bancorp announced that it was acquiring the $57 billion (~$ in ) municipal bond trustee business from Deutsche Bank.

In January 2014, U.S. Bancorp announced the pending acquisition of 94 branch offices of the Charter One Bank in Chicago from the RBS Citizens Financial Group for $315 million (~$ in ), doubling its market share in Chicago. 13 Charter One branches were closed due to their close proximity to existing U.S. Bank offices. The acquisition was completed in June 2014.

In January 2015, chief financial officer Andrew Cecere was promoted to chief operating officer. A year later, Cecere was given the additional position of president.

In January 2017, U.S. Bancorp announced that chairman and CEO Richard Davis was going to hand over his CEO position to president and COO Andrew Cecere in April 2017 while remaining as chairman. Davis officially retired from the company in April 2018 and Cecere became chairman, president and CEO.

In November 2017, the bank performed the United States banking industry's first real-time payment transaction using a system set up by The Clearing House. The transaction moved a nominal amount between accounts at BNY Mellon and U.S. Bancorp in three seconds, inaugurating the first new payment clearance and settlement system for the US in over 40 years.

In February 2018, the bank was charged by the Department of Justice with failing to implement measures preventing illegal activities, including one case of abetting. U.S. Bancorp agreed to pay $613 million in fines and implement measures to improve the monitoring of its customer transactions. In September 2018, $505 million was distributed to customers of an illegal payday loan business whose suspicious activities US Bancorp had failed to report.

In September 2018, Fiserv announced that it would acquire MoneyPass from US Bancorp for $690 million (~$ in ). The deal was finalized in March 2019. The sale did not include Elan's credit card division, which issued some of the most prominent cards including Fidelity, BMW and Mercedes-Benz. In December 2019, the bank dismissed Emily James, a Portland, Ore., call-center employee, and her supervisor, after James gave $20 (~$ in ) of her own money to Marc Eugenio. On Christmas Eve, Eugenio ran out of gasoline and cash, and he was stranded at a gas station when his U.S. Bank debit card was rejected because funds he had deposited two days earlier had not yet been released into his account. After an unsuccessful attempt to release the funds, James met Eugenio at the gas station during her break and offered him $20 from her own pocket as a Christmas Eve act of kindness. She was fired from her job for violating company policy, but rehired after an investigation prompted by an article from Nicolas Kristof was published in The New York Times. In May 2020, the US Bancorp Center in downtown Minneapolis was damaged by rioting during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul. Two other bank branch locations on East Lake Street in Minneapolis were destroyed by arson. US Bancorp rebuilt the damaged branch location at 919 East Lake Street and donated the property at 2800 East Lake Street for redevelopment as an affordable housing project.

On September 21, 2021, U.S. Bancorp agreed to purchase MUFG Union Bank's consumer business for $8 billion (~$ in ). It is the bank's biggest deal since 2001 when it merged with Milwaukee-based Firstar Corp. for $21 billion (~$ in ). The deal with MUFG Union Bank will add $58 billion in loans to U.S. Bancorp's current base of $294 billion and will give U.S. Bancorp a large presence on the U.S. West Coast, especially California. The combined bank will have $723 billion in assets. U.S. regulatory approval for the merger was announced on October 16 of 2022, and was completed as of December 1, 2022.

In May 2022, Bancorp announced a five-year community benefits plan, developed in coordination with the NCRC and the CRC as part of the planned acquisition of MUFG Union Bank. The $100 billion community plan is set over five years and is focusing on supporting equitable access to capital for low- and moderate-income communities and communities of color.

In August 2023, Mitsubishi UFG Financial Group Inc, former parent company of MUFG Union Bank it sold 8 months earlier to U.S. Bancorp, announced it would be buying a $936 million stake in U.S. Bancorp. The deal swaps debt with equity, strengthening U.S. Bancorp's alliance with Japan's largest bank.

Notable corporate buildings

 * U.S. Bank Center in Phoenix, Arizona
 * U.S. Bank Tower in Sacramento, California
 * One California in San Francisco, California, sports the U.S. Bank logo and houses bank offices
 * U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles, California, the third tallest building west of the Mississippi River
 * U.S. Bank Tower in Denver, Colorado
 * U.S. Bank Plaza in Boise, Idaho
 * U.S. Bank Building in Chicago, Illinois
 * U.S. Bank Building in Davenport, Iowa
 * U.S. Bank Building in Duluth, Minnesota
 * U.S. Bancorp Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * U.S. Bank Plaza in Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * U.S. Bank Center in St. Paul, Minnesota
 * One U.S. Bank Plaza in St. Louis, Missouri
 * U.S. Bank Building in Billings, Montana
 * U.S. Bank Tower in Lincoln, Nebraska
 * U.S. Bank Center in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * U.S. Bank Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio
 * U.S. Bank Centre in Cleveland, Ohio
 * U.S. Bancorp Tower in Portland, Oregon ("Big Pink")
 * U.S. Bank Building in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
 * U.S. Bank Center in Seattle, Washington
 * U.S. Bank Building in Spokane, Washington
 * U.S. Bank Building in La Crosse, Wisconsin
 * U.S. Bank Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * U.S. Bank Plaza in Madison, Wisconsin
 * U.S. Bank Building in Sheboygan, Wisconsin

U.S. Bank owns corporate naming rights to U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

title: U.S. Bancorp


text:
Mixolydian mode

Mixolydian mode may refer to one of three things: the name applied to one of the ancient Greek harmoniai or tonoi, based on a particular octave species or scale; one of the medieval church modes; or a modern musical mode or diatonic scale, related to the medieval mode. (The Hypomixolydian mode of medieval music, by contrast, has no modern counterpart.)

The modern diatonic mode is the scale forming the basis of both the rising and falling forms of Harikambhoji in Carnatic music, the classical music form of southern India, or Khamaj in Hindustani music, the classical music form of northern India.

Greek Mixolydian
The idea of a Mixolydian mode comes from the music theory of ancient Greece. The invention of the ancient Greek Mixolydian mode was attributed to Sappho, the 7th-century-B.C. poet and musician. However, what the ancient Greeks thought of as Mixolydian is very different from the modern interpretation of the mode. The prefix mixo- (μιξο-) means "mixed", referring to its resemblance to the Lydian mode.

In Greek theory, the Mixolydian tonos (the term "mode" is a later Latin term) employs a scale (or "octave species") corresponding to the Greek Hypolydian mode inverted. In its diatonic genus, this is a scale descending from paramese to hypate hypaton: in the diatonic genus, a whole tone (paramese to mese) followed by two conjunct inverted Lydian tetrachords (each being two whole tones followed by a semitone descending). This diatonic genus of the scale is roughly the equivalent of playing all the white notes of a piano from B to B, which is also known as modern Locrian mode.

In the chromatic and enharmonic genera, each tetrachord consists of a minor third plus two semitones, and a major third plus two quarter tones, respectively.

Medieval Mixolydian and Hypomixolydian
The term Mixolydian was originally used to designate one of the traditional harmoniai of Greek theory. It was appropriated later (along with six other names) by 2nd-century theorist Ptolemy to designate his seven tonoi or transposition keys. Four centuries later, Boethius interpreted Ptolemy in Latin, still with the meaning of transposition keys, not scales.

When chant theory was first being formulated in the 9th century, these seven names plus an eighth, Hypermixolydian (later changed to Hypomixolydian), were again re-appropriated in the anonymous treatise Alia Musica. A commentary on that treatise, called the Nova expositio, first gave it a new sense as one of a set of eight diatonic species of the octave, or scales. The name Mixolydian came to be applied to one of the eight modes of medieval church music: the seventh mode. This mode does not run from B to B on white notes, as the Greek mode, but was defined in two ways: as the diatonic octave species from G up one octave to the G above, or as a mode whose final was G and whose ambitus runs from the F below the final to the G above, with possible extensions "by licence" up to A above and even down to E below, and in which the note D (the tenor of the corresponding seventh psalm tone) had an important melodic function. This medieval theoretical construction led to the modern use of the term for the natural scale from G to G.

The seventh mode of western church music is an authentic mode based on and encompassing the natural scale from G to G, with the perfect fifth (the D in a G to G scale) as the dominant, reciting note or tenor.

The plagal eighth mode was termed Hypomixolydian (or "lower Mixolydian") and, like the Mixolydian, was defined in two ways: as the diatonic octave species from D to the D an octave higher, divided at the mode final, G (thus D–E–F–G + G–A–B–C–D); or as a mode with a final of G and an ambitus from C below the final to E above it, in which the note C (the tenor of the corresponding eighth psalm tone) had an important melodic function.

Modern Mixolydian
The modern Mixolydian scale is the fifth mode of the major scale (Ionian mode). That is, it can be constructed by starting on the fifth scale degree (the dominant) of the major scale. Because of this, the Mixolydian mode is sometimes called the dominant scale.

This scale has the same series of tones and semitones as the major scale, but with a minor seventh. As a result, the seventh scale degree is a subtonic, rather than a leading-tone. The flattened seventh of the scale is a tritone away from the mediant (major-third degree) of the key. The order of whole tones and semitones in a Mixolydian scale is

 * whole, whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole

In the Mixolydian mode, the tonic, subdominant, and subtonic triads are all major, the mediant is diminished, and the remaining triads are minor. A classic Mixolydian chord progression is I-♭VII-IV-V.

The Mixolydian mode is common in non-classical harmony, such as folk, jazz, funk, blues, and rock music. It is often prominently heard in music played on the Great Highland bagpipes.

"[In the blues progression, for] example [often] uses D Mixolydian triads...over the D7 [tonic] chord, then uses G Mixolydian triads...over the G7 [subdominant] chord, and so on."

As with natural and harmonic minor, Mixolydian is often used with a major seventh degree as a part of the dominant and perfect cadences. "Wild Thing" by The Troggs is a, "perfect example," while others include "Tangled Up in Blue" by Bob Dylan, "Shooting Star" by Bad Company, and "Bold as Love" by Jimi Hendrix.

Klezmer musicians refer to the Mixolydian scale as the Adonai malakh mode. In Klezmer, it is usually transposed to C, where the main chords used are C, F, and G7 (sometimes Gm).

To hear a modern Mixolydian scale, one can play a G-major scale on the piano, but change the F# to F natural.

Notable music in Mixolydian mode
"Hit songs in Mixolydian include "Paperback Writer"..., "Manic Depression"..., "Fire"..., "Reelin' in the Years"..., "Only You Know and I Know"..., "Tears of a Clown"..., "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough"..., "Norwegian Wood"..., "Saturday Night's Alright..., "My Generation"..., "Centerfold"..., "Boogie Fever"..., "Hollywood Nights"..., and many others."

"Some song examples that are either entirely based in Mixolydian mode or at least have a Mixolydian section include the following: "But Anyway"..., "Cinnamon Girl"..., "Cult of Personality"..., "Fire on the Mountain"..., "Franklin's Tower"..., "Get Down Tonight"."

Traditional

 * "Old Joe Clark"
 * "Gleanntáin Ghlas' Ghaoth Dobhair" ( English: Gweedore's Green Glens ), also called "Paddy's Green Shamrock Shores" – A traditional Irish folk song, composed by Francie Mooney (Proinsias Ó Maonaigh). Recorded by the band Altan, with Mooney's daughter Mairéad on lead vocals, on their album Runaway Sunday (1997). Recorded by The Corrs as "Erin Shore" on their album Forgiven Not Forgotten (1995).
 * "She Moved Through the Fair" – A traditional Irish folk song. Sometimes called "Our Wedding Day" and sung with different lyrics, such as by vocalist Anne Buckley in Michael Flatley's Lord of the Dance (1996).
 * "The Wexford Carol"
 * "Green Bushes"
 * And countless Irish, Scottish and Cape Breton jigs, reels, highlands and other dance tunes recorded in the mode.

Classical

 * "Fughetta super: Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot" in G major from Clavier-Übung III, BWV 679 by Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Piano Concerto in A minor, third movement, by Edvard Grieg
 * Concerto in modo misolidio, P 145 (1925) by Ottorino Respighi
 * Et resurrexit from Beethoven's Missa solemnis
 * Surgam et circuibo civitatem by Palestrina

Popular

 * "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Guns N' Roses
 * "Thunderstruck" by AC/DC
 * "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks
 * "I Feel Fine" by the Beatles
 * "Love Shack" by the B-52s
 * "Express Yourself" by Madonna
 * "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" by the Beatles
 * "Royals" by Lorde
 * "Born This Way" by Lady Gaga
 * "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" by Beyoncé
 * "Clocks" by Coldplay
 * "Be Near Me" and "When Smokey Sings" by ABC
 * "Freedom! '90" by George Michael
 * "Happy Together" by the Turtles
 * "Beautiful" by Christina Aguilera
 * "Epistrophy" by Thelonious Monk
 * "Celebration" by Kool & the Gang
 * "Freedom Jazz Dance" by Eddie Harris
 * "Dark Star" by Grateful Dead
 * "L.A. Woman" by the Doors
 * "All Blues" by Miles Davis
 * "If I Needed Someone" by the Beatles
 * "Yes, And?" by Ariana Grande
 * "Unwritten" by Natasha Bedingfield
 * "Marquee Moon" by Television
 * "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd
 * "Collision Chaos" from Sonic CD
 * "Revelation Song" by Jennie Lee Riddle

title: Mixolydian mode


text:
Kite control systems

Kite types, kite mooring, and kite applications result in a variety of kite control systems. Contemporary manufacturers, kite athletes, kite pilots, scientists, and engineers are expanding the possibilities.

Kite control systems encompass a range of methods and technologies used for maneuvering and stabilizing kites in various applications. These systems have evolved from simple manual controls, to intricate automated and powered configurations, reflecting the spectrum of kite uses from recreational activities, to scientific research and energy generation. The development and refinement of these control systems have significantly expanded the capabilities and applications of kites, sometimes changing them from traditional leisure objects, into tools for modern-day purposes.

High-altitude kite control systems, especially notable in record-setting flights, incorporate advanced mechanisms such as on-board angle-of-attack adjusters. These systems are designed to manage kite line tension, often limiting it to a safe threshold to prevent breakage or loss of control. These high-altitude kites feature safety and tracking mechanisms like radio beacons for detection over long distances and strobe lights for enhanced visibility. The complexity of these systems shows the significant engineering and design efforts, aimed at maximizing the performance and safety of kites in challenging conditions.

In kite-fighting and recreational use, single-line control systems dominate, with the human operator mastering specific movements to control the kite. These movements include tugs, jerks, releases, and directional shifts, essential for maneuvering the kite in desired patterns or engaging in aerial combat. The evolution of control systems in this area highlights the blend of skill, tradition, and technological innovation in kite flying. Historical control systems, such as those developed by the Wright brothers and George A. Spratt, have played a key role in the broader field of aviation, illustrating the interconnectedness of kite technology with the development of flight.

Modern kite control systems extend into various specialized fields, including medium-length-tethered power kites and high-altitude electricity-generating wind-power kite systems. Power kites, controlled by multiple lines, are used for adjusting braking, and distorting the kite's shape for specific functionalities. These kites find applications in sports, renewable energy, and scientific research. The control systems are often complex, involving patented technologies to manage the forces at play. Kite aerial photography and governable gliding parachutes show the versatility of kite control systems, adapting traditional kite flying techniques for purposes like photography, payload delivery, and sport parachuting. There is ongoing innovation in kite control technology, including the exploration of solar sail and plasma kites for space applications.

High-altitude attempt single-line control systems
On-board angle-of-attack mechanisms were used in the 2000 altitude record-making flight; the operators' designed adjuster limited kite line tension to not more than 100 pounds by altering the angle of attack of the kite's wing body. The kite's line had a control: a line payout meter that did not function in the record-setting flight. However, some special tether line lower end used bungee and pulley arrangements to lower the impact of gusts on the long tether. Control of a kite includes how other aircraft see the kite system; the team placed a radio beacon (using two-meter frequency detectable for 50 miles) on the kite; for sight visibility, strobe lights were hung from the kite's nose. Control via use of reels and pulleys become critical when tension is high; the team had to repair and replace parts during the flight session.

Auxiliary control
Auxiliary devices have been invented and used for controlling single-line kites. Devices on board the kite's wing can react to the kite-line's tension or to the kite's angle of attack with the ambient stream in which the kite is flying. Special reel devices allow kite-line length and tension control. Moving the kite's line lower end left or right or windward or anti-windward forms part of the control system of single-line kites. Devices at the kite's bridle can be set to alter the relative lengths of sub-bridle lines in order to set the attitude of the kite so that the kite flies at a certain position of the potential positions; this can be done for one setting while the kite is readied for flight; but Kenneth C. Howard invited a device that can be operated on single-line kites during the flight session for variable settings: "This may be done by rapidly and repeatedly slackening the string 19. In the first described form of the invention the resulting tilting movement of the control arm 14, and the action of the pawl 22 on the teeth II, causes 15 the arm to progressively rotate around the plate 10. Thus, any desired rotated position of the arm 14 may be attained for making the kite 29 climb, dive, or fly to the right or left."

Fighter-kite control systems
The traditional fighter kiting with single-line control dominates kite fighting while multi-line kite fighting is yet a minor activity. The human operator of the single line aims to master movements (tugs, jerks, releases, directional movements) in order to have the unstable kite temporarily move in one direction or another. The intents of the controls are offensive and defensive; escape from an attack or position for an attack. The building of the kite so that motions by the kite's human operator or pilot allow a temporary limited stability takes special care.

Historical kite control systems

 * Wing warping
 * A quad-line two-handled kite control system to warp the wing shape used by the Wright brothers and other aviation pioneers. The brothers asserted the control system as their own invention, although several contemporaries claimed prior art including European patents issued in 1868 (before the brothers were born), culminating in a series of lawsuits was called the Wright brothers patent war.
 * This control system is quite similar to the quad line sport kites used today.

 * George A. Spratt triangle control frame
 * [[Image:EarlySpratt6.jpg|thumb|right|Dr. George A. Spratt towed his hang glider on floats using a motorboat demonstrating cable-stayed triangle control frame (TCF) or A-frame for use in pilot-pendulumed weight-shift control of hang gliders, [[Ultralight trike|trike]]s, ultralights. United States, 1929. ]]
 * Triangle control frame for any towed or free-flight kite system.

 * Paresev

 * A mass-shifting via pulley-routed cables from a control stick while kite pilot hung from the kite from a single tensional point.

A piano-wire based kite control system.
 * Blue-Hill Observatory
 * Barry Hill Palmer
 * Of seven to eight experiments, Barry Hill Palmer found several control systems for his foot-launch hang glider in 1960–1962. He finally came upon what inventor George A. Spratt had already found in aviation and regarding any hang glider: a triangle control frame or A-frame in front of the pilot while the pilot hung from a tether either in a seat or harness for various positions; the mechanical arrangement precluded the later invention of the same. Many others would find the same mechanical arrangement for mass-shifting for Rogallo hang gliders and derivatives; these free-flying manned kites or hang gliders used the wing for the kites from the Fleep or Paresev or derivatives of that branch of stiffened flexible wings.

Medium-length-tethered power kites
Power kites are controlled by two to five lines. The simplest systems provide steering by pulling either end of the kite. More lines can provide different functions. These are:

 * adjusting the angle of attack: Pulling on lines attached to the front edge of the kite will reduce the angle of attack and thereby reduce the pull of the kite.
 * braking: A line pulling the trailing edge down causes a braking effect that can be used either to make the kite turn quickly if applied to only one side, or to bring the kite down if applied symmetrically.
 * distorting the kite: Useful when the kite is lying on the surface of the water. A fifth line is occasionally used to do this and thereby makes relaunching much quicker and easier.

The lines attach to different controllers:

 * Rings or wrist loops
 * These are commonly found on smaller foils.

 * Two-line bars
 * These are found on LEIs, target kites, and other recreational, and special-application kite systems. They almost always have a wrist leash attached to one of the lines so that the kite will come down if the bar is released.

 * Three-line bars
 * These are found on some foils. Lines from the ends of the bar attach to either side of the kite and the third line attaches to the rear edge of the foil. This line passes through the bar and is attached to a wrist leash via a cleat to lock the brake off until the bar is dropped. This bar design was never developed by the major manufacturers due to the complexity of the design; however an advanced model is now commercially available from K-trac.

 * Four-line bars
 * These are found on LEIs, Bows and some foils. This system provides angle-of-attack adjustment. There is usually a semi-permanent attachment, known as the chicken loop, fastened to the kiter's harness via the front lines. Releasing the bar while still attached to the chicken loop causes the kite to assume its minimum angle of attack and therefore minimizes the pull generated. There is usually a safety mechanism so that the kite can be totally depowered by detaching from the chicken loop whilst still hanging on to the kite by a leash attached to one of the lines. There are many variants on this system.

 * Five-line bars
 * These are essentially a four-line system plus a fifth line attached to either the leading edge or trailing edge of the kite. A trailing edge system causes the kite to travel to the center of the power zone and thus re-launch with a lot of power. A leading edge system is used both as a depower and a relaunch device. It can be used to lower the angle of attack for depowering. For relaunch it can be used to assist rolling the kite into the proper position.

 * Handles
 * These are commonly found on four-line foils. Each handle is a bar with a line attached at each end and each handle controls either the left or right side of the kite. They are held at the top where the power lines attach. Brake lines attach to the bottom of each bar and go to the rear edge of each side of the kite. These provide a braking function not an angle of attack function

Control of high-altitude electricity-generating wind-power kite systems
Human control of high altitude wind power systems is typically accomplished through servo mechanisms, as the tether tensions are too great for direct manual operation.

There are a number of patents in this area:
 * Kite control systems by John D. Bellacera
 * Several patents by Dominique and Bruno Legaignoux

Other concepts include:
 * Pulling the lines using winches
 * Rotating the line attachment points around a central pivot.
 * Shifting the line attachment points back and forth (or up and down) using linear motors

Control of kite rigs
Kite rigs are systems for propelling a vehicle, such as a boat, buggy, or a vehicle with snow and ice runners. They may be as simple as a person flying a kite while standing on a specialized skateboard, or be complex systems fixed to the vehicle with powered and automated controls. They differ from conventional sails in that they are flown from lines, not supported by masts.

Commercial transport propulsion
Ship-pulling kites run to hundreds of square meters of area and require a special attachment points, a launch and recovery system, and fly-by-wire controls.

The SkySails ship propulsion system consists of a large foil kite, an electronic control system for the kite, and an automatic system to retract the kite.

The kite, while over ten times larger, bears similarities to the arc kites used in kitesurfing. However, the kite is an inflatable rather than a ram-air kite. Additionally, a control pod is used rather than direct tension on multiple kite control lines; only one line runs the full distance from kite to ship, with the bridle lines running from kite to control pod. Power to the pod is provided by cables embedded in the line; the same line also carries commands to the control pod from the ship.

The kite is launched and recovered by an animated mast or arm, which grips the kite by its leading edge. The mast also inflates and deflates the kite. When not in use, mast and deflated kite fold away.

Target-kites
The term target kite generally refers to the war-time kites used for shipboard anti-aircraft gunnery practice. These were the invention of Paul E. Garber, doing war work while on leave from the Smithsonian (where he was responsible for the acquisition of much of the Air and Space collection).

The kites were ordinary two-spar Eddy style kites with a height of about five feet. The sail was sky blue with the profile of a Japanese Zero or German aircraft painted in black. Attached at the lower end of the vertical spar is a small rudder, much like a boat's rudder. The rudder is controlled by two kite lines, which are also used to fly the kite. The two lines come down to earth and terminate at an either a flying bar (a bar with spools at either end) or a special two-spool reel which incorporated a ratchet mechanism to assist in equalizing line length. The spool was in the center of a wooden bar which held the lines a fixed distance apart.

Indoor
A wand or pole with a string on the end is often used to lead indoor kites around.

Unpowered short-tethered hang-gliders
Unlike the long-lined power kites used in extreme kiting sport, the focus in this section is the short-lined framed large kite. The kite line or "hang line" for best controlling the flight of the hang glider kite needs to be carefully lengthened; then the line frequently splits to two, three, or four main tethers that connect to the hung kite operator's or pilot's harness. Mike Meier, kite glider author, wrote How To Get The Right Hang Height. NASA used mass-shifting in the Paresev hung-pilot aircraft with a stiffened-frame kite. The hang tether was also stiffened, differently. In sport hang gliding kite systems using the short hang line, the hang loop or first section of the hanging kite line is a flexible webbing, then the main lines to the harness are cords and sometimes webbing that are flexible. Control of the attitude of the kite's wing is achieved frequently by the pilot's grabbing the kite's stiffened airframe part called the control frame and pushing or pulling the kite's airframe left or right or forward and aft in various combinations; this control system is most commonly called "weight-shifting" although mechanically the situation is altering positions of mass to alter the center of gravity of the entire system relative to the aerodynamic center of pressure in order to effect leveraging moments to control the flight. The place on the kite airframe where the tether is tied is very important as in all kites; such connection or bridling takes into consideration the aerodynamic center of pressure and the system's center of gravity. A key article by Mike Meier, Pitch Stability & Center of Mass Location, focuses on this concern of control.

While flying the kite hang glider, there are times during flight instruction that instructors will have the student fully release from holding the triangle control frame, and simply hang. The hanging (gravity pulls the student's body downwards and results in a tensional tugging of the kite's wing) student experiences that the properly bridled and trimmed wing will fly stably. The student experiences that the letting go of the control frame will let a properly trim stable flight. However, since gusts occur, the student learns that hands-off flying is not the normal status—rather the kite pilot is almost always handling the control frame.

Powered short-tethered hang-gliders
Here the unpowered kite is tethered to a pilot who arranges to have a harness to which is attached a thrusting prime moving engine or motor; the total system is a powered aircraft while the kite itself remains unpowered (very differently is when an engine is mounted on a wing). The control system includes the control system of the similar system where the pilot is not thrust by a harnessed prime moving engine or motor; however, in controlling flight, adjustments for center of mass are respected. Further, while the pilot's thrust is on, the pilot positions so that the kite's kite line is angled so tugging of the wing is accomplished in the familiar kiting manner where the kite line begins upwind and angles upward downwind (relative wind is to be the wind in attention here).

Under static-line tow
Here the tug kite line stays the same length during the kiting operation. The ground vehicle driver has special control duties. The kited hang glider person controls the kite in some ways different from other tow methods; careful distinctions are learned in professional instruction. Controlling things when unexpected events occur is a large part of instruction.

Under non-static-line tow
The complex control system includes the operator of the winch. The length of line starts long and then gets shorter as the winch reels the tug line; this alters the control decisions by the kited hang glider pilot. Instruction for controls is available for new winch operators and hang glider pilots who want to be so kited. Distinguish this method from static-line (tug line stays same length during the tow). The control system for the shortening-the-tug-line method of kiting is different.

Under bungee-line launch
Bungee launch control systems for kited hang gliders has its own special details. The tug kite line is very elastic; when tensed, the line is long; during use for launch, the kite line shortens. Controlling the kite's wing attitudes is up to the pilot who frequently is hung from a short kite line while controlling a triangle control frame or other airframe part or even aerodynamic surface controls. Professional instruction is highly recommended. Inelastic portion of the bungee assembly is used to help guard against what can happen if the bungee breaks and snaps back toward the pilot; a tug-line parachute can be used to lower the speed that the released bungee will fall. Bungee launch is used most frequently for launch off slopes when free-foot-launch is not easy (site structure or pilots who have not the use of their legs), or for flatland short-flight demonstrations.

Paragliders
The non-stiffened Francis Rogallo parawing, the Domina Jalbert founded parafoil wing, or other modified fully flexible wings (Barish sailwing, KiteShip wing, parasails, modified conical parachutes) do not lend themselves to a mounting of a prime moving engine or motor to them; rather the kiting lines to the unpowered wing terminate below the wing to a static or mobile anchoring; that anchoring itself may be with its own active thrusting engine or motor or the anchor (which could be payload, pilot, or both payload and pilot) may simply fall by gravity force—and thus by gravity tug the wing through the kite lines. When the payload or pilot is simply falling without adding a prime moving engine or motor, then the kited flexible wing is a paragliding wing; when the payload or pilot is additionally arranged with a thrust engine or motor, then the kited unpowered flexible wing with such thrust payload or pilot is a powered aircraft system or powered paragliding system. The control systems are varied for particular applications (ranging from lowering military payloads, autonomous powered paragliders or drones, sport paragliding, sport powered paragliding, scale-model paragliding, scale-model powered paragliding). All variations have in common the unpowered kite whether or not the payload and/or pilot is powered.

Governable gliding parachutes
These free-flight kites are governable parachutes and are used as payload delivery systems, sport gliding parachuting or skydiving, BASE jumping, scale-model parachuting. When used for delivery of sensitive payloads or carrying humans, the fast opening from packed format is damped by use of a slider. The wing remains unpowered and kited by bridle tethering lines; the lines attach to platforms or harnesses. The size and design of the kited wing is customized for the final type of use where packing, opening, and sink rate are important feature. Control systems are specialized for the specific use. Control systems sometimes include radio control from remote locations.

Kite aerial photography
Kites used in kite aerial photography (KAP) are typically controlled using the same reels and spools as non-KAP kite flyers. The best KAP work seems be done at lower altitudes than expected (100–200'), so no special equipment is required. The most problematic KAP flights are when the best camera shot requires the kite to be flown amongst tall trees or buildings, so quick haul-in can be a plus.

The camera rig itself is attached to the kite line some distance beneath the kite, preferably with a pulley scheme that will permit the camera to float in a level attitude regardless of the kite's gyrations. The Picavet system is one such scheme.

Further sophistication in kite photography comes with live video and radio control features to control where the camera is pointing. This is superior to the minimal rig which simply clicks the camera every few minutes and must be hauled down to earth to change the direction in which the camera points. The penalty of the radio control rigs is weight, which requires higher winds to do photography. So in addition to clear skies, high winds are also necessary, which will limit opportunities for photography.

Solar sail and plasma kites
Scientists on one type of solar kite take pride that there will be a minimum of moving parts to control the movement of the solar kite through space and around the Earth, Moon, comet, or other Solar System body. A collection of scientists and engineers are expanding the definition of what a kite is; the solar kite described by authors C. Jack and C. Welch has the inertia of the mass of the kite providing resistance against photonic flow. Also, the controlling of the kite to alter the kite's acceleration sets up a kiting scenario: causing the kite to deflect away from the pull of gravity to keep it flying on its intended path supports the inclusion of the solar sail as a kite in photonic flow. The kite is fed start data; the kite tracks the stars and operates three elements to control its attitude to effect its deflections to result in the flight path desired by the ground-directing kite operators. The position of the payload is changed to alter the relative positions of the kite's center of pressure and center of mass; this is done in part by piezoelectric actuators. Also, the struts that hold the centered payload are differentially heated; such causes one of the struts to become longer than the cooler struts and thereby changing the center of mass relative to the center of pressure of the kite. Further, to cause an attitude change, tiny photo thrusters (heated wire) tweak the attitude of the kite; such thrusters do not propel the kite, but are only used to change the attitude of the kite's sail. These mechanisms aim to give authoritative control at minimum power use for giving direction to the kite. Working solar kite groups are considering at least seventeen means of control of the solar kite/solar sail.

Patents

 * US Patent 2613894
 * US Patent 4280675 Controllable kite Lynn M. Davis et al.
 * US Pat. 3138356 KITE CONTROL Raymond L. Mcclain
 * US Pat. 2556877 KITE CONTROL Kenneth C. Howard
 * US Pat. 2613894 KITE CONTROL Howard
 * US Pat. 4129273 Kite control mechanism Donald R. Hill
 * US Pat. 3355129 KITE CONTROL ASSEMBLY E. V. KINSEY

title: Kite control systems


text:
Talk:Sausage

US Usage / "Patties" vs "Links" vs "Rissoles"
> The word "sausage" can refer to the loose sausage meat, which can be formed into patties..

My understanding is that these are normally known as "Rissoles", except in some parts of the US (maybe other places)?

To disambiguate "cooked meatish food with a skin/coating, normally cylindrical" is then called "links"?

I think the intro could be clarified.

Fowl2 (talk) 06:23, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Rissoles seem to be breaded things in places other than Australia, no? I've never heard of one in the US, but I haven't been everywhere. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆 𝄐𝄇 14:19, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

The French verb "rissoler", as used for cooking, simply means "to brown [any piece of food] in a frying pan" - i.e. you might "rissoler" a roast before putting it into the oven. This has allowed the nouns derived from it (rissolé and so on, including the word under discussion) available as a potential name for ANY food cooked by browning, including all the ones mentioned here and many others besides, including future new recipes. I believe this means that using this word *on its own* as the name of a particular dish or food (rather than in compounds such as "potato rissole" or "sausage rissole") is not strictly definable, and appearances of the word by itself should probably be regarded as local usages only. TooManyFingers (talk) 19:22, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

Edit request for a few things in the Britain & Ireland section
Firstly, Scotland is within Britain & Ireland (B&I), so it should really be moved under that heading, especially as splitting them makes for a bit of weirdness and repetition in the two sections.

E.g., the sentence "Black pudding, white pudding and Hog's pudding are fairly similar to their Scottish and European counterparts" in the B&I section. Well, British black pudding would be similar to Scottish black pudding because they are the same thing. True, there are regional differences in black pudding recipes, but they are all nonetheless black pudding. This is then pretty much repeated in the Scotland section as “Other types of wieners include black pudding, similar to the German and Polish blood sausages”.

I’d recommend integrating the Scotland and B&I sections, by creating new paragraphs for the various pudding sausages (black, white, haggis, etc.) and for full breakfasts, which I'd move the Lorne Sausage into. Something like these:

''Famously, sausages are an essential component of a full breakfast, with the sausage varieties used varying regionally. A full Scottish is distinctive in it’s inclusion of the Lorne Sausage, which unlike traditional sausages are cut from a rectangular block into square slices for cooking, whilst a full Welsh often includes the traditional Glamorgan sausage, which is vegetarian and made from cheese, leeks and breadcrumbs. Other more modern vegetarian sausages, now widely available, can also be used as substitutes, both in full breakfasts and in other meals.''

''There exists a strong tradition in Britain and Ireland of using off-cuts, offal, fat, and blood in sausages, both to make use of the entire carcass and to reduce costs. Nowadays these less palatable products are predominantly used in various ‘pudding’ sausages - the most notable being Black Pudding, a pork blood sausage. Another well-known pudding is Haggis, which is technically a sausage and is widely recognised as the national dish of Scotland. Other pudding sausages include White Pudding, Red Pudding, and Hog’s Pudding. Pudding sausages are cooked in numerous ways, including being battered and deep fried like other Battered Sausages in Fish & Chip shops.''

Salmon
please change ((salmon)) to ((Salmon as food|salmon)) two times 2601:541:4580:8500:2590:76F5:9053:6C5A (talk) 22:30, 15 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done  EN  - Jungwon  01:57, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Portuguese Sausages
There are a couple of portuguese sausages that I believe should be included. One of them has a very interesting historical reason: When the Portuguese inquisition was trying to round up jews to either expell them or kill them, one way to try to blend in with the Christian population was to hang these sausages which contained no pork in their smoke houses (forbidden in the Jewish religion) in their smoke houses, called Alheira. The other, called Farinheira, is a typical dish and should be included as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.97.236.178 (talk) 08:31, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 December 2021
In the history section where it says "A Chinese type of sausage has been described, lup cheong (pinyin: làcháng) from the Northern and Southern dynasties (589 BC–420 BC)", it should be 420 AD - 589 AD. Chriyang (talk) 04:02, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: source says 589 BC-420 BC. melecie   t  - 05:44, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 June 2022
The picture of the jar of frankfurters that heads the North America section is a poor representation of what a frankfurter or a hotdog or a wiener looks like in North America. That looks to be a representation of an Americanized product available overseas. The picture from the hotdog page with a hotdog and a bun with mustard on it belongs in its stead. 2601:CF:837F:CD00:F17A:9C29:9D15:4458 (talk) 22:06, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅ Of the universe (talk) 09:08, 16 June 2022 (UTC)

Edit request re Vegan/vegetarian
There is a mistake in the description of vegan/vegetarian sausage, such sausage would be plant not meat based

Original (error in asterisks)

In the 21st century, vegetarian and vegan varieties of sausage which completely *substitute plant-based ingredients for meat* have become much more widely available and consumed.

Modification:

substitute meat for plant-based 51.148.186.147 (talk) 01:42, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done . SkyWarrior  01:46, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

kangaroo
please change ((kangaroo)) to ((Kangaroo meat|kangaroo)) 2601:541:4580:8500:9C34:A22E:9942:6B0D (talk) 23:50, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Better target for the link in the section. —C.Fred (talk) 23:59, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

"Plant based" info
"plant-based ingredients are used instead of meat have become much more widely available and consumed." This needs a source otherwise it should be removed. Plant based food generally and almost exclusively sells very little in the few places its available. This just seems like a vegan making a false narrative on a wikipedia page 109.247.39.1 (talk) 13:48, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Citations are not required in the lead when they summarise main article text which has citations (there is a section on vegetarian sausages at the end of the article.) Sbishop (talk) 16:40, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

Chinese sausage
'The modern type of lup cheong has a comparatively long shelf life, mainly because of a high content of lactobacilli—so high that it is considered sour by many'

Regarding this - do forgive me if I'm skimming over the cited source, but the source does not seem to mention anything about the sourness of the Chinese sausage (and 'by many' looks to me to be weasel wording')

Additionally 'lup cheong' is a more uncommon romanization of 臘腸 which is romanized as 'lap cheong' elsewhere in the article - 'lap cheong' is also more common as a romanization

Lap cheong (also lap chong, lap chung, lop chong) are dried pork sausages that look and feel like pepperoni but are much sweeter. In southwestern China, sausages are flavored with salt, red pepper and wild pepper. People often cure sausages by smoking and air drying.

No citation for sausage curing, and inconsistency in whether or not source language is mentioned EastBlowingGale (talk) 10:56, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 September 2023
Word "kapituła" in regional section about Poland does not make sense (and is even linked to a Wikipedia article about a place called "Kapituła" :-) I would suggest to remove it. 195.184.83.16 (talk) 09:35, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Lightoil (talk) 02:08, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 May 2024
I would like to change some of the wording in paragraphs CutiePippin123 (talk) 08:55, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 July 2024
I want to suggest the Czech and Slovak "špekáček," which is a sausage variant characterized by the method of preparation. Špekáčeks are commonly roasted on a stick handheld above a campfire. Špekáčeks are very popular among scouts and campers. Prdus (talk) 15:41, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Cannolis (talk) 03:38, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sausage