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Killing of Benno Ohnesorg

Benno Ohnesorg (15 October 1940 – 2 June 1967) was a West German university student killed by a policeman during a demonstration in West Berlin. His death spurred the growth of the left-wing German student movement.

Protest
On 2 June 1967, Ohnesorg participated in a student protest held near the Deutsche Oper in opposition to the state visit of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was attending a performance of Mozart's The Magic Flute at the Deutsche Oper that night. It was the first political demonstration in which Ohnesorg had ever taken part.

Violence and shooting
The protest turned violent after pro-Shah demonstrators, including agents of the Shah's intelligence service, began battling with students and the police overreacted, employing brutal tactics in their attempts to control the crowd. In the ensuing tumult, demonstrators dispersed into the side streets. In the courtyard of Krumme Straße 66, Ohnesorg was then shot in the back of the head by police officer Karl-Heinz Kurras. Ohnesorg died before he could be treated at a hospital. Kurras stood trial the same year and was acquitted, on 27 November 1967. Ohnesorg was a student of Romance and German studies. He was married and his wife was pregnant with their first child.

A week after Ohnesorg's death, a funeral caravan accompanied his coffin as it was transported from West Berlin through checkpoints in East Germany to his hometown of Hanover in West Germany, where he was buried.

Re-investigation
More than forty years later, in 2009, it was revealed that at the time of the events Kurras had been an informal collaborator of the East German secret police Stasi and a long-time member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling East German Communist party; however, the motive behind Kurras' act remains unclear. The new information was based on documents discovered in the Stasi archives. Initial reports indicated that the archives contained no evidence that Kurras was acting under Stasi orders when he shot Ohnesorg.

On the basis of the 2009 revelations about Kurras, the German prosecutor's office initiated a new investigation, in order to clarify definitively whether there was any evidence that the killing of Ohnesorg could have been ordered by authorities in East Berlin; in November 2011, that investigation was officially closed with the determination that there was not enough evidence to justify reopening the case. The prosecutor's office noted that, due to the passage of time, many participants in the trial were either no longer alive or otherwise unable to provide reliable testimony, and that documents relevant to the case were evidently among those destroyed by the East German foreign intelligence service in the interval between the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990.

Following up in January 2012, Der Spiegel magazine reported that research carried out by federal prosecutors, as well as by the magazine, found that the shooting was not in self-defense as always claimed by Kurras and that it was certainly premeditated. Newly examined film and photographic evidence also implicated fellow officers and superiors, demonstrating that the police covered up the truth in subsequent investigations and trials. Additionally, medical staff who carried out the autopsy on Ohnesorg were ordered to falsify their report. However, the Spiegel report indicated that the new information was still unlikely to be sufficient for the case to be reopened.

Legacy
Ohnesorg's death served as a rallying point for the left, and spurred the growth of the left-wing German student movement. The Movement 2 June group, founded around 1971, was named for the day of his death.

Student activist Rudi Dutschke led student protest actions in the period following Ohnesorg's death. Just after Ohnesorg's burial in Hanover, Dutschke, speaking at "The University and Democracy: Conditions and Organization of Resistance" conference held at the university, clashed with philosophy professor Jürgen Habermas over the future of the movement, with Dutschke advocating radical action that might include illegality and violence if necessary, although his first proposed action was a peaceful sit-down strike. The conflict prompted Habermas, who had urged a more moderate approach, famously to characterize Dutschke's ideology as amounting to "left fascism", a formulation that he later retracted.

The student movement that swelled and, in part, became radicalised in the late 1960s, after Ohnesorg's death, influenced many future German politicians who were in their teens and twenties at the time.

A monument next to the Deutsche Oper Berlin, which was designed by Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka, serves as a memorial for the killing. In December 2008, municipal authorities inaugurated an official memorial panel on the sidewalk in front of the house where Ohnesorg was shot, and in Ohnesorg's hometown of Hanover, a bridge over the Ihme river is named after him.

In film
The opening scene of the 2008 film Der Baader Meinhof Komplex shows Ohnesorg's death, with the role of Ohnesorg played by Martin Glade.

title: Killing of Benno Ohnesorg


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Bill Luther

William Paul Luther (born June 27, 1945) is an American politician and lawyer from Minnesota. Luther was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) member of the United States House of Representatives representing Minnesota's 6th congressional district from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 2003, serving four consecutive terms.

Biography
Luther was born in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and was educated at the University of Minnesota, receiving a Bachelor of Science in 1967 and a Juris Doctor from the Law School in 1970.

Political career
He served on the Minnesota Governor's Council on Consumer Affairs from 1974 to 1975 and was later a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1975 to 1976 and the Minnesota Senate from 1977 to 1994. During his career as a state legislator and a congressman, Luther gained an image as a moderate Democrat.

Congress
After the 2000 census, Minnesota's congressional map was radically altered, even though the state didn't gain or lose any districts. Luther's 6th District in the northern Twin Cities suburbs was pushed slightly north and made significantly more Republican. After some consideration, Luther opted to run in the newly created 2nd District in the southern suburbs, which contained about 39 percent of his former territory. He faced a rematch against Republican John Kline, his opponent in 1998 and 2000.

During the campaign, Luther came under fire when one of his supporters, Sam Garst, filed for the race under the banner of the "No New Taxes Party." This was done in retaliation for an ad the National Republican Congressional Committee ran in support of Kline that accused Luther of being soft on crime. Luther subsequently admitted that his campaign knew about Garst's false flag campaign. Luther never really recovered and was soundly defeated, taking 42 percent of the vote.

He served in the 104th, 105th, 106th, and 107th congresses.

In 2006, Luther entered the DFL Party primary for the office of Minnesota Attorney General after endorsed candidate Matt Entenza withdrew from the race. He lost the primary to Lori Swanson.

Ethics appointment
He is an appointed member of the Office of Congressional Ethics, a nonpartisan, independent committee charged with overseeing outside ethics complaints against members of Congress.

Electoral history

 * '''2006 Race for state Attorney General — Democratic Primary
 * Lori Swanson (DFL), 42%
 * Steve Kelley (DFL), 37%
 * Bill Luther (DFL), 21%
 * 2002 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 2nd District
 * John Kline (R), 53%
 * Bill Luther (DFL) (inc.), 42%
 * 2000 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 6th District
 * Bill Luther (DFL) (inc.), 50%
 * John Kline (R), 48%
 * 1998 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 6th District
 * Bill Luther (DFL) (inc.), 50%
 * John Kline (R), 46%
 * 1996 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 6th District
 * Bill Luther (DFL) (inc.), 56%
 * Tad Jude (R), 44%
 * 1994 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 6th District
 * Bill Luther (DFL), 50%
 * Tad Jude (R), 50%

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bill Luther


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Maniple (vestment)

The maniple is a liturgical vestment used primarily within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, and occasionally by some Anglo-Catholic and Lutheran clergy. It is an embroidered band of silk or like fabric that hangs from the left forearm, worn over the alb. It is used only during Mass, and it is always of the same liturgical colour as other Mass vestments.

The original purpose of the maniple is unclear, but it probably originated as a cloth that the priest could use to wipe his hands and face. The maniple corresponds to the epimanikia, cuffs worn on both wrists in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.

Current use
In its 1967 instruction, Tres abhinc annos, issued while the Tridentine Mass was still the only form of the Mass in the Roman Rite, the Sacred Congregation of Rites removed the obligation to use the maniple at Mass. Thereafter, the maniple generally fell out of use. It is still required to be worn by those who, as authorized by Pope Benedict XVI's 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, use the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal.

As Mauro Gagliardi, a consultor to the office for the Pope's liturgical ceremonies, wrote in an article on the priest’s vesting prayers in the Tridentine Mass:

"The maniple is an article of liturgical dress used in the celebration of the extraordinary form of the Holy Mass of the Roman Rite. It fell into disuse in the years of the post-conciliar reform, even though it was never abrogated."

Citing this remark, John Zuhlsdorf has argued that, since the 1967 document did not formally abolish the maniple but only said it was no longer required, the maniple may be used even in what has since 1970 is Ordinary Form of the Mass. Edward McNamara, Professor of Liturgy at Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum in Rome, has rejected that view: "Another reader asked about some vestments no longer in use: "I noticed one who had offered the new rite but wore the maniple. ... The rationale was that the maniple had not been suppressed, but simply that it was no longer required." I do not think that the rationale justifying the use of the maniple ... is correct. It is not necessary for the Holy See to issue a decree abolishing every single detail. When ... the legislator lists the vestments to be worn, then logically any further additions no longer correspond to the norms.""

In fact, since 1970, the Roman Missal's list of vestments to be used at Mass does not mention the maniple, although it does note another vestment, the amice, which is not always obligatory.

When used, the maniple is worn by a priest only when wearing a chasuble for celebrating the Mass. A bishop celebrating a Tridentine Low Mass dons the maniple only after the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. The 1960 Code of Rubrics, incorporated into the 1962 Roman Missal, states that the maniple is never worn with the cope (as, for instance, in the Asperges rite or in giving Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament); and, if no cope is available, it allows the priest to give such blessings vested in an alb and wearing a stole, but without chasuble and maniple.

The maniple is also worn with the dalmatic or tunicle, by the deacon and the subdeacon in a Solemn Mass, but only during the Mass proper. The maniple is not worn at other liturgical functions (e.g., the Asperges, processions) for which the dalmatic or tunicle is worn.

The maniple is also a vestment used in most of the other Latin liturgical rites.

With regard to what is now the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, as revised in 1969, the General Instruction of the Roman Missal states: "The vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass and other sacred actions directly connected with Mass is, unless otherwise indicated, the chasuble, worn over the alb and stole." For the deacon it says: "The vestment proper to the deacon is the dalmatic, worn over the alb and stole. The dalmatic may, however, be omitted out of necessity or on account of a lesser degree of solemnity." In neither case is there any mention of the maniple as a vestment in use.

Historical origin
The visionary Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich described the maniple as already used by Jews at the time of Jesus.

Originally, the maniple was likely a piece of linen which clerics used to wipe their faces and hands, and has been described by some modern commentators as being akin to a handkerchief. It appears to have been used in the Roman liturgy since at least the 6th century. A maniple can vary widely in size, shape, and degree of embroidery and ornamentation.

Common symbolic comments refer to the maniple's likeness to the rope by which Christ was led, and the chains which bound his hands. It has also become known as symbolic of the tears of penance, the burden of sin, and the fatigue of the priestly office. This understanding is reflected in the vesting prayer said while putting on the maniple before the Mass. Anglican commentators have described the maniple as a symbol of being a servant to the servants of God.

Alphonsus Liguori claimed: "It is well known that the maniple for the purpose of wiping away the tears that flowed from the eyes of the priest; for in former times priests wept continually during the celebration of Mass." This echoes the rhymed vesting prayer the priest says when putting on the maniple: "Merear, Domine, portare manipulum fletus et doloris; ut cum exsultatione recipiam mercedem laboris. (May I deserve, O Lord, to bear the maniple of weeping and sorrow, in order that I may joyfully receive the reward of my work)."

In the older forms of a Papal Mass, the Pope wore a special maniple intertwined with red and gold threads, symbolizing the unity of the Eastern and Western rites of the Catholic Church.

title: Maniple (vestment)


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Wikipedia:Recent additions 4

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title: Wikipedia:Recent additions 4


text:
Murphy Brown

Murphy Brown is an American television sitcom created by Diane English that premiered on November 14, 1988, on CBS. The series stars Candice Bergen as the eponymous Murphy Brown, a famous investigative journalist and news anchor for FYI, a fictional CBS television newsmagazine, and later for Murphy in the Morning, a cable morning news show.

The series originally ran until May 18, 1998, after airing a total of 247 episodes over ten seasons. In January 2018, it was announced that CBS ordered a 13-episode revival of Murphy Brown, which premiered on September 27, 2018. CBS canceled the revival after one season on May 10, 2019.

Original run
Murphy Brown (Candice Bergen) is a recovering alcoholic who, in the show's first episode, returns to the fictional newsmagazine FYI for the first time following a stay at the Betty Ford Clinic residential treatment center. Over 40 and single, she is sharp-tongued and hard as nails. In her profession, she is considered one of the boys, having shattered many glass ceilings encountered during her career. Dominating the FYI news magazine, she is portrayed as one of America's hardest-hitting (though not the warmest or most sympathetic) media personalities.

Her colleagues at FYI include stuffy veteran anchor Jim Dial (Charles Kimbrough), who affectionately addresses Murphy as "Slugger" and reminisces about the glory days of Murrow and Cronkite. Murphy's best friend and sometime competitor is investigative reporter Frank Fontana (Joe Regalbuto), the only person who addresses her as "Murph". Though a daredevil reporter, insecurities regarding fame and (especially) his personal relationships have him in psychotherapy for the majority of the series. In early seasons, there was a running gag about Frank's toupée, which he hated, but which producers insisted he wear on the show.

Also present are the two newest members of the FYI team. Miles Silverberg (Grant Shaud), a 25-year-old yuppie Harvard graduate and overachiever fresh from public television, is appointed the new executive producer of FYI during Murphy's stay at Betty Ford. Naive and neurotic despite his lightning intellect, Miles is the perfect foil for Murphy's wit. Shaud left at the end of the eighth season, and his character was replaced during Season 9 by veteran TV producer Kay Carter-Shepley (Lily Tomlin). Kay did not have a background in journalism but instead had made a career as a producer of game shows.

The other new-kid-on-the-block is Corky Sherwood (Faith Ford), who replaced Murphy during her stint in rehab. A former Miss America from the (fictional) town of Neebo, Louisiana, Corky is the bane of the other journalists with her perky, relentlessly sunny personality—and dumbfounding lack of sophistication. Due to overwhelming audience reaction, management decides to retain Corky's services after Murphy's return, usually assigning her to lifestyle pieces or lightweight celebrity profiles. Despite her omnipresent perkiness, Corky does mature and acquires a fair amount of worldliness over the years, not the least of which comes courtesy of her marriage to high school classmate and writer Will Forest (during which she humorously and cluelessly amends her on-air surname to "Corky Sherwood-Forest"), subsequent divorce, and later elopement with Miles, immediately after which the couple has second thoughts — even before consummating the relationship — and decides they should "first" date (despite already being married to one another), eventually separating on good terms.

The FYI team also frequently socializes at Phil's, a bar-and-grill across the street from their office/studio in Washington, D.C. Phil, the bar owner, was played by Pat Corley. Phil's was portrayed as a Washington institution, whose owner knew everything about everybody who had ever been anybody in the capital—ranging from what brand of lingerie J. Edgar Hoover preferred to the identity of Deep Throat (unknown to the public at the time of the series' production). In a running gag during early seasons, whenever someone entered Phil's (casting bright sunlight from the open door into the dark, murky bar), the patrons shouted in unison, "Close the door!"

Brown was unmarried, but had a home life as well: she hired a laid-back, New Age philosophy-dispensing house painter named Eldin Bernecky (Robert Pastorelli) to repaint her house. He had so many grand ideas that he was in her employ for six seasons. Because he was a highly talented artist, his renovations were often delayed when he was struck by the urge to paint socially relevant murals throughout the house.

Revival
Some twenty years later, Murphy has been retired from broadcast journalism for a few years but constantly receives offers to return to the air. Following Donald Trump's election as president of the United States, Brown decides to accept an offer from fictional cable news network CNC to host a new morning news show titled Murphy in the Morning. She brings along her former FYI colleagues including Frank and Corky to co-host the program and Miles to produce it. The crew is joined by newcomer Pat Patel (Nik Dodani), who serves as the show's social media manager. As the program gets closer to air, Brown is startled to learn that her son Avery (Jake McDorman) has been given his own morning news program on Murphy's competitor, conservative cable news network Wolf News, with both of their shows scheduled to air against one another. Meanwhile, Murphy and the gang continue to spend their off-time at the bar and grill "Phil's Bar", now run by Phil's sister Phyllis (Tyne Daly) following Phil's death. Jim Dial, now in his 80s, widowed and retired, comes back on an occasional basis to act as an informal mentor to the Murphy In The Morning gang.

Main

 * Candice Bergen as Murphy Brown, a famous investigative journalist and news anchor for FYI. In seasons 8 and 9, she also co-hosts a second show called Front and Center. Following a brief retirement, in 2018 Brown returns to television in her own morning news show Murphy in the Morning.
 * Faith Ford as Corky Sherwood, a perky reporter (and former Miss America) hired to replace Murphy during her stay at the Betty Ford Clinic. Years later, she joins Murphy in the Morning as a co-host after getting fired from her job on another morning talk show.
 * Pat Corley as Phil (seasons 1–8; guest season 10), the extremely well-connected owner of Phil's Bar where the staff of FYI are regulars.
 * Charles Kimbrough as Jim Dial (seasons 1–10; recurring season 11), the trustworthy veteran news anchor for FYI.
 * Robert Pastorelli as Eldin Bernecky (seasons 1–7; guest season 10), an eccentric house painter that Murphy hires to renovate her house (and later employs as a live-in nanny).
 * Joe Regalbuto as Frank Fontana, an investigative reporter on FYI and later Murphy in the Morning, and Murphy's best friend.
 * Grant Shaud as Miles Silverberg (seasons 1–8, 11), the very young and nervous, but also bright and competent, executive producer at FYI and later Murphy in the Morning.
 * Lily Tomlin as Kay Carter-Shepley (seasons 9–10), a crafty veteran television producer who has absolutely no news experience, and who replaces Miles at FYI.
 * Dyllan Christopher (recurring seasons 7–8), Jackson Buckley (guest season 9), Haley Joel Osment (recurring season 10), and Jake McDorman (season 11) as Avery Brown, Murphy's son and a journalist and a liberal commentator on the conservative-leaning Wolf Network. In the original run of the series, he appears as a young child while in the revival he is some twenty years older.
 * Nik Dodani as Pat Patel (season 11), the director of social media for Murphy in the Morning.
 * Adan Rocha as Miguel Gonzales (season 11), a college student working at Phil's Bar in order to make extra money for his tuition.
 * Tyne Daly as Phyllis (Season 11), the sister of Phil and the current owner of Phil's Bar.

Behind the scenes at FYI

 * John Hostetter as John, the stage manager at FYI.
 * Ritch Brinkley as Carl Wishnitski, a cameraman at FYI who has an ongoing attraction to Murphy.
 * Alan Oppenheimer as Gene Kinsella, a news-division executive. Seen as a recurring character in seasons 1–5, Kinsella is generally supportive of and liked by his FYI staff. In-show, the character is let go from his position and replaced with...
 * Julius Carry as Mitchell Baldwin, the Machiavellian new boss who replaces Gene Kinsella. Baldwin, a Black man used the team's liberal-Caucasian guilt to railroad through changes in FYIs format and content. Appears in seasons 5 and 6, and in a dream sequence in season 8. Essentially superseded as the network thorn in FYIs side by...
 * Garry Marshall as Stan Lansing, the very excitable, aggressive, and micro-managing network president. His frequent and impromptu whims are the bane of the FYI staff. Seen fairly regularly in seasons 6–9, and one final time in season 10.
 * Paul Reubens as Andrew J. Lansing III, Stan Lansing's sociopathic nephew. He is introduced as one of Murphy's 93 secretaries du jour and was one of only three who measure up to Murphy's standards. Like the few other secretaries who were actually competent, Andrew is lured away from Murphy by another job by the end of the episode; in his case, he is promoted to a network executive position through nepotism. He periodically appears in later episodes, although his network career is wildly unpredictable, largely due to the mercurial nature of his uncle and mentor—at various times, Andrew is a network VP, an executive producer, and a mailboy. Seen as an occasional character in seasons 7–9.

On camera at FYI

 * Christopher Rich as Miller Redfield, an empty-headed, pretty-boy reporter with a local affiliate who had semi-regular appearances on the show. At first, he was a recurring substitute anchor, but after a gap of a few years, he became a regular member of the FYI team —- although the rest of the team frequently (usually unsuccessfully) conspired to get rid of him. Later co-hosted a separate news show with Murphy called Front and Center, produced out of the same office. Seen once per season in seasons 2–4, he was then seen very frequently in seasons 7–9.
 * Wallace Shawn as Stuart Best, a buffoonish former FYI reporter who annoyed Murphy, Jim, and Frank to the point that the three colluded to have him fired —- twice. After the second firing, Stuart returned as a hopelessly inept party-line politician who invariably broke down under even the most sympathetic questions by Murphy while on-air. Appeared once a season in seasons 6–9.
 * Scott Bakula as Peter Hunt, a reporter and occasional love interest of Murphy's. Seen in seasons 6 through 8.
 * Paula Cale as McGovern, a conservative young reporter based on MTV's Kennedy. She was added to the program when management tried to appeal to a younger demographic. Seen for a run of episodes as a regular towards the end of season 7, the character was then quietly dropped without explanation and never mentioned again.

Family and love interests

 * Colleen Dewhurst as Avery Brown, a museum curator and Murphy's opinionated mother. Dewhurst won two Emmy Awards for her appearances, appearing in a total of four episodes in seasons 1–3. When Dewhurst died in 1991, the writers chose to have her character die as well, and dedicated the episode to the memory of Dewhurst. Murphy, who was pregnant at the time of her mother's death, named her son Avery in her mother's memory the following season.
 * Darren McGavin as Bill Brown, a newspaper publisher and Murphy's father. Bill shared an adversarial relationship with his ex-wife Avery—especially after marrying Karen, a fresh-faced twenty-something who taught yoga. McGavin appeared in four episodes as Bill Brown (in seasons 2, 4 and 5) and earned an Emmy nomination in 1990 for his performance.
 * Jay Thomas as Jerry Gold, an abrasive tabloid talk show host who became a friend of Murphy's and an occasional love interest, despite their significantly different journalistic values. Seen in seasons 2–4; returns in a dream sequence in 8, and in one episode (now about to get married) during season 10.
 * Robin Thomas as Jake Lowenstein, an underground leftist radical and Murphy's ex-husband from long before her FYI days. Seen very infrequently, for a total of five episodes in seasons 1, 3, 4 and 8. Murphy and Jake had a brief relationship during season three, which resulted in Murphy's pregnancy.
 * Jane Leeves as Audrey Cohen, Miles' girlfriend, seen occasionally in seasons 2–5. Though she and Miles were headed for marriage, the relationship ended abruptly—offscreen, Leeves joined the cast of Frasier in 1993, and was no longer available to appear on Murphy Brown.
 * Janet Carroll (seasons 2–9) and Concetta Tomei (season 10) as Doris Dial, anchorman Jim Dial's equally stoic, but kind-hearted wife.
 * Pat Finn as Phil Jr. (ten episodes in Seasons 8 and 9), Phil's son who, though somewhat empty-headed, takes on running Phil's Bar after his father dies.
 * Dena Dietrich as Phyllis (two episodes in Season 2 & one episode in Season 9), Phil's wife and mother of their four children: Little Phil, Phillip, Felicia, & Phil Jr.

Behind the scenes at Murphy in the Morning (season 11 only)

 * Andre Ward as Julius, the stage manager of Murphy in the Morning.
 * Merle Dandridge as Diana Macomber, the head of cable news network CNC, which airs Murphy in the Morning.

Early seasons
The first season saw Murphy relearning her job without the use of two crutches—alcohol and cigarettes. In the pilot episode, she complained the only vice she had left herself was chewing yellow number-two pencils. It also set up the series-long running gag of Murphy's battles with the off-beat and sometimes downright bizarre characters who were sent by Personnel to act as her secretary, none of whom ever last for more than an episode, save two; one played by Paul Reubens.

Action was divided between the FYI suite of offices and Murphy's Georgetown townhouse. Reality often blended with fiction with the many cameos of then-current media and political personalities. The most prominent was when Murphy Brown was asked to guest star as herself in the pilot of a sitcom entitled Kelly Green, about a female investigative journalist. Life imitated art when, after a less-than stellar performance, Murphy was berated by television journalist Connie Chung (herself in a Murphy Brown cameo appearance) for crossing the line and compromising her credibility.

Subsequent seasons saw the emergence of story arcs involving network politics with Gene Kinsella, Frank and Murphy's rivalry and Eldin's ongoing infatuation with Corky. A standout event was Miss Sherwood's marriage to Louisiana lawyer Will Forrest. During the brief engagement, a horrified Corky comes to the realization that she will now be "Corky Sherwood-Forrest". In the wedding episode, maid-of-honor Murphy, dressed as an antebellum belle in a hoop-skirted nightmare of a bridemaid's dress, rages her way through the entire affair while thwarting the press's attempts to photograph the nuptials (mirroring the Sean Penn/Madonna wedding a few years earlier).

Later seasons
The fifth season continued after the departure of series creator and showrunner Diane English. Murphy's struggles with parenthood were highlighted, as were the revolving-door of nanny characters mirroring her office tribulations. Corky's marriage unraveled and ended in divorce as she and Will grew apart. (Right before the wedding, Forrest had decided to abandon the practice of law and follow his true calling—creative writing.) This tragedy saw Corky become less the Pollyanna as she began to model herself after role-model Murphy.

The show went on, and FYI featured several changes in on- and off-camera staff: Peter Hunt, McGovern and Miller Redfield temporarily joined the regulars at the anchor desk. The network moved FYI to a new studio with a trendy exterior "Window on America". A significant story arc saw the network squelch an FYI exposé on the tobacco industry, leading to the resignation of first Dial, then the remainder of the cast. They all went to work reorganizing the poorly-performing news division of a fledgling network. In the end, Miles faced down the network; the "suits" relented, the staffers returned and the story aired. For his courage in standing up to the network brass, Miles was promoted to the news division's headquarters in New York—to the detriment of his new marriage to Corky.

As well, after years of working as her housepainter, and later nanny, Eldin (who was seen increasingly infrequently after season 5) left Murphy's employ during season 7 to study painting in Spain. (Actor Robert Pastorelli left Murphy Brown for his own starring vehicle, the sitcom Double Rush, which lasted one season in 1995.)

By the start of the 1996–97 season, viewership was beginning to decline. Shaud left the series and comedian Lily Tomlin was brought in to replace him in the role of executive producer Kay Carter-Shepley to help bolster the sitcom's ratings. Kay proved that she had just as little journalistic experience as Miles Silverberg when he started with the show; the only experience Kay had in television—in spite of her venerable connections—was producing daytime game shows. Where Murphy had terrorized the younger Miles, the Machiavellian Kay often emerged victorious in her dealings with Murphy. Tomlin remained with the series for its last two years but ratings continued to drop, especially after a move off of Monday nights in favor of a slot on Wednesday nights. CBS did renew Murphy Brown for a tenth season, which was to be its last.

In the fall of 1997, the final season premiered and the entire season served as a story arc in which Murphy battled breast cancer. The storyline was not without controversy; an episode in which she used medical marijuana to relieve side effects of chemotherapy was attacked by conservative groups, and a women's health group protested an episode in which Murphy, while shopping for prosthetic breasts, uttered the line "Should I go with Demi Moore or Elsie the Cow?"

However, the show's handling of the subject was credited with a 30 percent increase in the number of women getting mammograms that year, and Bergen was presented an award from the American Cancer Society in honor of her role in educating women on the importance of breast cancer prevention and screening.

In the original run's final episode, Murphy met and interviewed God (played by Alan King) and Edward R. Murrow in a dream while undergoing surgery. Computer editing was used to insert footage of the real Murrow, who died in 1965, into the show. Diane English, who created the show, made a cameo appearance as a nurse who delivered the results to Murphy after her surgery. At the end of the episode, Murphy walks through her house seemingly alone, only to have Eldin appear at the end, offering to "touch up" her house.

Development
Following the end of the show's original run, series creator Diane English had been approached multiple times about potentially reviving the series. Around 2008, the show came the closest to being brought back to the air following Sarah Palin's nomination as the Republican vice-presidential nominee with comparisons being drawn between her and former Murphy Brown critic Dan Quayle. In 2017, Warner Bros. Television again approached English about reviving the series following the election of Donald Trump as president. English spent nine months developing an idea for a new iteration of the series before finally composing a script. Candice Bergen was then approached about signing on to the project and she agreed on the condition that Faith Ford, Joe Regalbuto, and Grant Shaud join as well.

On January 24, 2018, it was announced that CBS had given the production a series order for one season consisting of thirteen episodes set to air during the 2018–2019 season. English and Bergen were set to serve as executive producers of the revival which would, according to CBS, be set in "a world of cable news, social media, fake news and a very different political and cultural climate." Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of Bend in the Road Productions and Warner Bros. Television. On February 27, 2018, it was announced that Pam Fryman would direct the revival's pilot episode.

On May 16, 2018, it was announced during the CBS upfronts presentation that the revival would now have Murphy anchoring a cable morning show, Murphy In the Morning, with her old team, lifestyle reporter Corky Sherwood, investigative journalist Frank Fontana, and producer Miles Silverberg, while Murphy's son Avery would host a rival, cable morning show that airs opposite his mother's program. On July 9, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on September 27, 2018. On September 21, 2018, it was reported that CBS had extended the running time of the premiere episode of the revival by five minutes.

On November 28, 2018, it was reported that the season would end after the thirteen episodes ordered by CBS had aired. However, it was further reported that the series was still under consideration by CBS to be renewed for another season. On May 10, 2019, CBS canceled the revival series after a single season.

Casting
Alongside the initial announcement of the revival, it was confirmed that Candice Bergen would reprise her role as Murphy Brown. On February 26, 2018, it was announced that Faith Ford, Joe Regalbuto, and Grant Shaud were joining the main cast and reprising their roles from the series' original run. It was also reported Charles Kimbrough would not be returning to the series full-time, but might make a guest appearance in the revival. On March 16, 2018, it was announced that Jake McDorman and Nik Dodani had also joined the main cast. McDorman was set to assume the role of Murphy Brown's now adult son Avery. On April 19, 2018, it was announced that Tyne Daly had joined the main cast in the role of Phyllis, the sister of the deceased bar owner Phil from the series' original run. On August 5, 2018, it was confirmed during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that Kimbrough would reprise his role from the series' original run in a three-episode story arc. On September 13, 2018, it was reported that Adan Rocha had been cast in a series regular role. In October 2018, it was announced that Merle Dandridge had joined the cast in a recurring capacity and that Bette Midler, Brooke Shields, John Larroquette, Katie Couric, and Peter Gallagher would appear in guest-starring roles.

Before the premiere of the season, it was reported that the first episode would feature a guest appearance from a prominent individual. The identity of the guest was kept secret until the episode aired with the network going so far as to not include the scene in which they appeared in screeners for the press. Upon the episode's release, it was revealed that the guest star was in fact former secretary of state and Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton.

Critical response
On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds an approval rating of 45% with an average rating of 6.00 out of 10, based on 47 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "This just in: while the nostalgia and wit are welcome, Murphy Brown's dated messaging tactics feel heavy-handed and smug, leaving this formerly formidably timely series feeling like a reboot reaching for the headlines." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 53 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Murphy as a single mother
In the show's 1991–92 season, Murphy became pregnant. When her baby's father (ex-husband and current underground radical Jake Lowenstein) expressed his unwillingness to give up his own lifestyle to be a parent, Murphy chose to have the child and raise it alone. Another major fiction-reality blending came at Murphy's baby shower: the invited guests were journalists Katie Couric, Joan Lunden, Paula Zahn, Mary Alice Williams and Faith Daniels, who treated the fictional Murphy and Corky as friends and peers.

At the point where she was about to give birth, she had stated that "several people do not want me to have the baby. Pat Robertson; Phyllis Schlafly; half of Utah!" Right after giving birth to her son Avery, Murphy sang the song "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman". This storyline made the show a subject of political controversy during the 1992 American presidential campaign. On May 19, 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle spoke at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco. During his speech, he criticized the Murphy Brown character for "mocking the importance of fathers by bearing a child alone".

Quayle's remarks caused a public discussion on family values, culminating in the 1992–93 season premiere, "You Say Potatoe, I Say Potato", where the television characters reacted to Quayle's comments and produced a special episode of FYI showcasing and celebrating the diversity of the modern American family. Because Quayle's actual speech made little reference to Murphy Brown's fictional nature (other than the use of the word character), the show was able to use actual footage from his speech to make it appear that, within the fictional world of the show, Quayle was referring to Murphy Brown personally, rather than to the fictional character. At the end, Brown helps organize a special edition of FYI focusing on different kinds of families, then arranges a retaliatory prank in which a truckload of potatoes is dumped in front of Quayle's residence while a disc jockey playfully commenting on the incident notes the Vice President should be glad people were not making fun of him for misspelling "fertilizer". This referenced how, on June 15, 1992, at a spelling bee in Trenton, New Jersey, Quayle had erroneously corrected an elementary-school student's spelling of "potato" to "potatoe". The cue card used by the teacher read "potatoe". When Candice Bergen won another Emmy that year, she thanked Dan Quayle. The feud was cited by E! as #81 on its list of "101 Reasons the '90s Ruled".

In 2002, Bergen said in an interview that she personally agreed with much of Quayle's speech, calling it "a perfectly intelligent speech about fathers not being dispensable" and adding that "nobody agreed with that more than I did."

Quayle eventually displayed a sense of humor about the incident—after the controversy died down, he appeared for an interview on an independent Los Angeles TV station and for his final question was asked what his favorite TV show was. He responded with "Murphy Brown—Not!" The station later used the clip of Quayle's response to promote its showing of Murphy Brown re-runs in syndication.

Quayle's complaint notwithstanding, prime-time TV in 1992 was "boosting family values more aggressively than it has in decades", wrote Time magazine critic Richard Zoglin, citing everything from Home Improvement to Roseanne. Murphy Brown was worth highlighting in a vice-presidential speech "not because it represented the state of television and the culture in general" but because Murphy's choice of single motherhood departed from it. The show has been seen as blazing a trail for single-mother characters in Ally McBeal, Sex and the City, Desperate Housewives, and The Good Wife—and "benefited from Bergen's character going through a political maelstrom so none of them had to."

In 2010, Murphy Brown was ranked #25 on the TV Guide Network special, 25 Greatest TV Characters of All Time.

Syndication
Murphy Brown was unsuccessful when it was introduced in off-network syndication in the 1990s, in part because of high music rights fees and that the topical references in the show quickly had become dated. It was reintroduced to cable and digital multicast networks in the 2010s, beginning with a run on Encore Classic in 2013, with the series airing on Antenna TV as of 2018.

Home media
Warner Home Video released the first season of Murphy Brown on DVD in Region 1 on February 8, 2005. Due to low sales and high music licensing costs, no future releases are planned.

title: Murphy Brown


text:
Chuck Bednarik

Charles Philip Bednarik (May 1, 1925 – March 21, 2015), nicknamed "Concrete Charlie", was an American football linebacker and center who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn Quakers, and was selected with the first overall pick of the 1949 NFL draft by the Philadelphia Eagles, where he played his entire 14-year NFL career from 1949 through 1962. Bednarik is ranked one of the hardest hitting tacklers in NFL history, and was one of the league's last two-way players, so he was also known as "60 Minute Man".

On November 20, 1960, Bednarik knocked New York Giants halfback Frank Gifford unconscious with a tackle that was called "professional football's most notorious concussion". Bednarik's tackle is simply known as "The Hit". He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967, his first year of eligibility.

Early life and education
Bednarik was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, on May 1, 1925. Five years earlier, his parents had emigrated from Široké, a village in eastern Slovakia, settling in Bethlehem and working for Bethlehem Steel. He first attended school at SS. Cyril & Methodius, a Slovak parochial school in Bethlehem taught in Slovak. He then attended Liberty High School in Bethlehem, where he played football.

Military service
Following graduation from Liberty High School, Bednarik entered the U.S. Air Force, where he served as a B-24 waist gunner with the Eighth Air Force.

During World War II, Bednarik flew on 30 combat missions over Nazi Germany. He was awarded the Air Medal, four Oak Leaf Clusters, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and four Battle Stars for his military service.

College
Following World War II, Bednarik attended the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he was a 60-minute man, excelling as both center and linebacker, and sometimes as a punter.

At Penn, Bednarik was a three-time All-American. Along with two of his teammates on the 1947 Penn team, George Savitsky and tailback Tony Minisi, and his coach, George Munger, Bednarik was voted entry into the College Football Hall of Fame. In 1948, Bednarik placed third in Heisman Trophy voting and won the Maxwell Award that year. In 1969, he was voted by a panel of sportswriters, coaches, and College Football Hall of Fame players as "the greatest center of all-time."

Philadelphia Eagles
Bednarik was the first player selected in the 1949 NFL draft by the Philadelphia Eagles, where he went on to start on both offense as a center and on defense as a linebacker for the Eagles.

Bednarik was a member of two Eagles' NFL Championship teams, in 1949 and again in 1960. In the final play of the 1960 NFL Championship Game, Bednarik was the last Eagles defensive player between the Green Bay Packers' Jim Taylor and the end zone. Bednarik tackled Taylor at the Eagles' eight-yard line, and remained atop Taylor as the final seconds ticked off the clock, ensuring the Packers could not run another play and preserving a 17–13 Eagles victory and the 1960 NFL championship. The controversy surrounding this play led to the NFL putting in a rule penalizing defensive players for not allowing an offensive player to get up off the field.

Gifford hit
On November 20, 1960, in a game between the Eagles and New York Giants at the original Yankee Stadium, Bednarik knocked Giants running back Frank Gifford out of football for over 18 months in one of the most famed tackles in NFL history, often referred to simply as The Hit. Bednarik's clothes line tackle of Gifford dropped Gifford immediately to the ground, and Gifford immediately went unconscious. Gifford was transported from the field on a stretcher and then to a local hospital, where he was diagnosed with a deep concussion.

Bednarik was criticized after the game by Giants players and fans for apparently celebrating Gifford's injury. A Sports Illustrated photo of Bednarik standing over an unconscious Gifford became iconic, showing Bednarik in mid-celebration, right above Gifford as he lay unconscious on the field. Bednarik defended himself by saying that he was celebrating the fumble caused by the hit, which the Eagles recovered and clinched the victory for the Eagles, sending the team to 1960 NFL Championship Game. Years later, Gifford called the hit "a clean shot", and said, "Chuck hit me exactly the way I would have hit him." The play has been called "one of the most iconic plays in NFL history."

Quarrel with Noll
Bednarik had a famous quarrel with Chuck Noll, who as a Cleveland Browns player, had smashed him in the face during a fourth-down punting play. A few years later, Bednarik punched Noll in an on-field confrontation after a game. NFL commissioner Bert Bell subsequently fined Bednarik $500 and ordered him to apologize to Noll for the punch. According to Bednarik, when he gave the apology, Noll simply responded, "Bullshit."

Accomplishments and legacy
Bednarik proved extremely durable, missing just three games in his 14 seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was named All-Pro eight times and was the last of the NFL's "Sixty-Minute Men", players who played both offense and defense on a regular basis.

Bednarik's nickname, "Concrete Charlie," originated from his off-season career as a concrete salesman for the Warner Company, not from his reputation as a ferocious tackler. Sportswriter Hugh Brown of The Evening Bulletin in Philadelphia, credited with bestowing Bednarik with the nickname, remarked that Bednarik "is as hard as the concrete he sells."

Bednarik served as an analyst on the HBO program Inside The NFL for its inaugural season in 1977–78.

In 1999, he was ranked number 54 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players, making him the highest-ranking player to have spent his entire career with the Eagles, the highest-ranking offensive center, and the eighth-ranked linebacker in all of professional football.

In 2010, Bednarik was ranked 35th on the NFL Network's "The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players". Ranked one spot ahead of Bednarik at #34 was Deion Sanders, a player for whom Bednarik had held open contempt in regards to being a two-way player.

Opinions on current NFL players
Bednarik was an outspoken, even bitter critic of modern NFL players for playing on only one side of the ball, calling them "pussyfoots", noting that they "suck air after five plays" and that they "couldn't tackle my wife Emma". He even criticized Troy Brown of the New England Patriots and Deion Sanders of the Dallas Cowboys, two players who also have played both offense and defense. Bednarik noted that Brown and Sanders saw time at both wide receiver and cornerback, positions that did not require as much contact as he endured while playing both center and linebacker.

Relationship with the Eagles
Bednarik's former Eagles number, 60, has been retired by the Eagles in honor of his achievements with the team and is one of only nine numbers retired in the history of the franchise.

When the Eagles established their Honor Roll in 1987, Bednarik was one of the first class of inductees. He attended reunions for the 25th anniversary of the 1960 NFL Championship team in 1985 and the 40th anniversary of the 1948–49 NFL Championship team in 1988 (though he had not played for the 1948 team), held in pregame ceremonies at Veterans Stadium.

Bednarik quarreled with current Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie in 1996. Lurie refused to buy 100 copies of Bednarik's new book for $15 each for the entire team, as that was against NFL rules, and that grudge carried over into the Eagles' Super Bowl appearance in 2005, when he openly rooted against his former team. He was a consistent critic of several league issues, including his pension, today's salaries, and one-way players.

During Eagles training camp in the summer of 2006, Bednarik and the Eagles reconciled, seemingly ending the feud between Bednarik and Lurie. At the same time, however, Bednarik made disparaging remarks regarding Reggie White, leading to a somewhat lukewarm reception of the reconciliation by Eagles' fans. In the edition of August 4 of Allentown's Morning Call newspaper, however, it was reported that Bednarik apologized, stating he had been confused, and meant to make the statement about former Eagles wide receiver Terrell Owens.

Death
Bednarik died at 4:23 a.m. on March 21, 2015, in Coopersburg, Pennsylvania, after having fallen ill the previous day. He was 89. Although the Philadelphia Eagles released a statement saying he died after a "brief illness", Bednarik's eldest daughter, Charlene Thomas, disputed that claim, saying he had Alzheimer's disease and had been suffering from dementia for years and that football-related injuries played a role in his decline.

title: Chuck Bednarik


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File talk:Ptable-MainPage.png

Reverted because new image was larger, had artefacts, and the shadow faded to white only.
 * Ed g2s 19:51, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Whoops, I never realized there was so much to it (except for size.) Thanks for reverting though, and I'll make sure of considering these issues next time (Maybe I should revisit the guidelines.) --AY 03:00, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: File talk:Ptable-MainPage.png


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Dornier Do 13

The Dornier Do 13 was a short-lived 1930s German bomber design. It was the designation given to the aircraft resulting from attempts to improve on the Do 11. However, only a few were built, because the design changes caused serious problems, with many of the first flights ending in crashes. Another redesign ensued, resulting in the Do 23 and Do 13s under construction were converted to the Do 23 design.

Variants

 * Do 13c : Initial production version.
 * Do 13d : Improved version.

title: Dornier Do 13


text:
David Minge

David Raymond Minge (born March 19, 1942) is an American former judge and politician. David Minge served as a judge on the Minnesota Court of Appeals from 2002 until retiring at the end of March 2012. Previously, Minge was a Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party member of the United States House of Representatives serving in the 103rd, 104th, 105th, and 106th congresses, from 1993–2001, representing Minnesota's 2nd congressional district.

Early life and education
Minge was born in Clarkfield, Minnesota and raised in Worthington, Minnesota. He graduated with a bachelor's degree from St. Olaf College and J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School.

Legal career
After earning his Juris Doctor, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota where he practiced law for several years. He was then offered a teaching position at the University of Wyoming Law School where he taught for seven years. David Minge then moved to Montevideo, Minnesota where he was part of a country law practice, on the school board, and actively involved in community affairs. During this time he was also a consultant to the House Judiciary Committee.

Political career
He served on the Montevideo School Board from 1989 to 1992.

Minge was sworn into the House in 1993, and he became part of the Blue Dog Coalition consisting of moderate and conservative congressional Democrats. He was a champion of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), a federal-state partnership to improve water quality and protect the environment. Minge narrowly lost his campaign for a fifth term to Mark Kennedy in 2000. After his first election to the house, Minge opened a Congressional Field Office in Windom, Minnesota at which point the Windom City Council declared March 20, 1993 as "Congressman David Minge Day".

State judicial service
In 2002, Governor Jesse Ventura appointed Minge to the Minnesota Court of Appeals from the second congressional district, the same area where he served in Congress. In 2012, he retired from active status.

Post political career
He currently serves on the board of directors of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

Personal life
He is married to Karen Aaker Minge, originally of Gaylord, Minnesota. They have two sons.

Electoral history

 * Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1992, write-ins received 414 votes.  In 1994, write-ins received 80 votes.  In 1996, write-ins received 180 votes.  In 1998, write-ins received 385 votes.  In 2000, Constitution Party candidate Dennis A. Burda received 1,337 votes.

Papers
David Minge's congressional files are available for research use. They include correspondence, subject files, legislative files, campaign files, press office files, photographs and video and sound recordings.

title: David Minge


text:
Counter pen

A counter pen is a pen designed to be affixed to the counter or table of an institution, such as a bank or a post office, typically by a chain, ball chain or plastic cord, making it less likely that the pen will be accidentally or purposefully removed.

A 1938 issue of The Bankers Monthly describes the concept: "The pen also gives a better write than the ordinary counter pen. The ink stand cannot be stolen, for it is fastened to the counter or desk. Besides, a chain between pen and stand prevents anyone from wandering away with the pen."

title: Counter pen


text:
Dornier Do 23

The Dornier Do 23 was a German medium bomber of the 1930s.

Design and development
The earlier Do 11 had exhibited several problems, so two initiatives were launched to address those shortcomings. The first resulted in the Do 13. The second effort was a more extensive rework which resulted in the Do 23. With additional landing flaps at the rear of the wings several of the handling problems were corrected, but crew and military equipment were analogous to the Do 11 and performance was still considered mediocre.

Between 1934 and 1935 282 Dornier Do 23s were built for the Luftwaffe of which 273 were assigned to the units. In 1936 the machines were replaced by the first versions of the Do 17 and were transferred to the training duties. During the war, some Do 23s were used as minesweepers, known as Minensuch — literally, "mine-search" aircraft in German — and fitted with a current-carrying degaussing ring under the airframe to create a magnetic field that triggered submerged naval mines. These aircraft were usually given an -"MS" suffix to designate them, as had been done with the similarly equipped Bv 138 MS or Ju 52MS aircraft.

Experiments with spraying devices to blow off chemical warfare agents were also carried out with Do 23 with some aircraft used to fight pests.

Variants
First aircraft received letters A, C, E and F which were designation of aircraft, not variants. The only production version was G.

 * Do 23A: Aircraft WNr.231, registered as D-2485.
 * Do 23C: Aircraft WNr.293, registered as D-AHYL.
 * Do 23E: Aircraft WNr.294, registered as D-AGIR.
 * Do 23F: Aircraft WNr.295, used for stress and vibration tests.
 * Do 23G: Production version, manufactured in the Dornier main plants in Wismar and Friedrichshafen. Henschel and Blohm & Voss were also involved in the production with 24 aircraft each.

Operators

 * undefined
 * Luftwaffe
 * undefined
 * Royal Hungarian Air Force

title: Dornier Do 23


text:
User talk:Fcueto

Hey, your change to the Taco Bell page is very important, though I want to ask you if you could make it somehow NPOV? I think the world show understand that Taco Bell is food invented in the US with Spanish names and called Mexican food, but I just wonder if there is a way to say it without sounding so combatitive? Punkche 19:56, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Bilabial trill
I noticed that you marked an edit saying that you think bilabial trill and voiceless dental bilabially trilled affricate should be separate. Perhaps you could give some reasons. Nobody seems to be taking the matter to discussion. Æµ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 05:43, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Please comment your edits
Please fill in the "Edit summary" to justify/explain your changes. Thanks! —TedPavlic | (talk) 00:20, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Federal Law of Radio and Television( listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Federal Law of Radio and Television(. Since you had some involvement with the Federal Law of Radio and Television( redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Thryduulf (talk) 22:26, 16 September 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fcueto


text:
Talk:Injunction

Temporary
I believe temporary restraining orders (and probably temporary injunctions) deserve their own page, but I'm going to have to de-wikify 'temporary restraining orders' for now, because it just re-directs back to this page.

Interwiki link
I think the link to de: is wrong. Could someone with a better knowledge of german (and english) than mine check that? I believe the german article is for something like provisional decree. Didup
 * Andsvoss checked and removed the link on de: (see talk page there. I remove it here. Didup

I have added the correct German link, to Verfügung. The old link to Vorläufiger Rechtsschutz was partly justified because that article includes temporary injunctions. Something else: would it be correct to say that an injunction is called an interdict in Scotland (and a temporary injunction is an interim interdict)? --Doric Loon 20:28, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Overruling an injunctive relief by the courts
Once a motion is file without predjudice by the courts. How do you go in and file some type of stay for due process. This question is regarding realestate in a Bankruptcy Case. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.31.148.104 (talk) 05:22, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Propose merger from Restraining order

 * Within the scope of Injunction and the article Restraining order needs globalising --Matilda talk 23:33, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

I disagree. The reason this page was created was because when you searched Restraining Orders the first thing that came up was a page about women abusing a restraining order to hurt men. It was very bias and unfair. Since this restraining order page has been written, this is the first result when people search. Furthermore, I think people are less likely to call something an "Injuction". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.236.175.2 (talk) 18:21, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * The issues you raise are about whether the article is properly written without bias and in an encyclopaedic manner, not whether the two topics overlap and should be one article. --Matilda talk 20:49, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I suggest a new section be created in this article entitled "Types of Injunctions". Several sections of this article can be moved into that category, and then the "Restraining Order" article can be merged into this category as well, and the page for "Restraining Order" can redirect to this article. Seeing as how a "Protective Order" and a "Restraining Order" are almost the same thing, having one redirect here while the other has its own article is superfluous and inconsistent.---Puff (talk) 05:29, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Hmmm, is restraining order exactly the same as injunction? I am a laymen here, but I've heard of the restraining order, but not of the injunction... if they are not the same, they should not be merged. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 17:08, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

i agree. items are similar but have different defintions. leave them separate —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.107.27.199 (talk) 04:34, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

==> A restraining order and an injunction are different things. A restraining order is against a person (or business, I suppose) whereas an injunction could address any number of cease and desist type orders. You could, for example, get an injunction to prevent someone from selling their milk to the market; this has nothing to do with a restraining order and merging them would simply be incorrect.

I disagree. Injunction and restraining order have more overlap that you seem to give credit to. I'm a student of law in the United States, and, for example, a temporary restraining order is a type of injunction that can be ordered to prevent someone from selling their milk, or from doing some other kind of action that you believe is unlawful or harmful, or even. Restraining orders are simply a subset of the broader term injunction, which itself could include compelling someone to do something, such as build a house that they agreed to do by contract and never followed through (specific performance). Rather, you should distinguish injunctions from other types of legal remedies, such as damages. Nar1822 (talk) 14:28, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Don't merge. Restraining orders are generally/usually limited to family law and harassment situations.  They have a certain permanence to them.  By contrast, a temporary restraining order (TRO) lasts a very limited time and is related to ex-parte applications for protection while a more permanent Preliminary Injunction or Injunction is considered.  By keeping Restraining order as a separate article, we can avoid the confusion with TROs.  (And isn't it time to close this discussion?)--S. Rich (talk) 17:05, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm removing the tag.--Bbb23 (talk) 23:04, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Note from 77Pacer Studios inc.
"I won't allow the article "Restraining order 2 B merged with injunction, b-cuz I'm under a restraining order with an old friend of mine. There is no reason for this. Because of this, Restraining orders should B illegal.

Boss of 77Pacer Studios inc. Saturday, January 31, 2009 @ 13:55 Hours" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.146.190.152 (talk) 18:57, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

[snip] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.109.195.141 (talk) 07:14, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

The suggestion reflects a misunderstanding
Restraining Orders are a very small subset of injunctions. In other words, all restraining Orders are injunctions but the reverse is not the case. Further, it's my understanding that injunctions are universal equitable remedies, whereas restraining Orders are very specific to certain jurisdictions, for example those within the USA. Even where international equivalents exist, such as non-molestation Orders, in my view these function very differently (for example distance from specified geographical locations rather than specified persons).

Further, in some jurisdictions what used to be called writs of mandamus are now classified as injunctions, mandating rather than prohibiting certain acts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.109.195.141 (talk) 07:15, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

I just want to add that a restraining order has a very different connotation than injunctive relief. Injunctive relief often is used in a variety of court settings. A company (like McGraw Hill) requested injunctive relief from Google from copyright losses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Digitization grrl (talk • contribs) 16:08, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

Globalize
I've added the globalize tag. The article seems very US-Centric. Dvmedis (talk) 21:03, 2 March 2010 (UTC).

Origin of word
Not sure why this set off an instant revert:. Roy Greenslade is a Professor of Journalism at London's City University, so he should know what he is talking about. Please don't revert without a good reason.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 19:28, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

 * The whole section troubles me because, instead of discussing a legal term, it's discussing a press term that's been superimposed on a legal term. If I understand the term superinjunction properly, it probably is a word coined by the British press to describe an injunction whose terms are repugnant to the press. Now, there may also be legal scholars who are offended by the terms of so-called superinjunctions, but the only stuff cited in the section are press reports. Without commenting on the press's gripes, which may indeed be legitimate, there seems to be a conflict with the press's reporting of these injunctions. This particular article is not really supposed to be about criticism of specific injunctions, but simply descriptions of the different kinds of injunctions in different countries, and those descriptions shouldn't devolve into pro-and-con discussions of the policy behind the injunctions. Now, all of what I've said doesn't really address whether your sentence belongs in the section, but each expansion of the section, even if in and of itself not obviously problematic, exacerbates the problem. That said, I'm going to leave in the sentence, but I'm going to reword it to make it clear who credits the coinage.--Bbb23 (talk) 20:08, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It is clear that the Trafigura affair in 2009 is what set off the modern super-injunction, as nobody had come across the concept before then. Roy Greenslade is a respected media commentator and closely associated with The Guardian, so his explanation of the origin of the word can be seen as a reliable source. In this article, media lawyer Duncan Lamont writes: ''"Put simply, a super-injunction means the claimant cannot be identified. It was argued that if the press could say that footballer X had obtained an injunction against lap-dancer Y, people would assume that sex was involved even if it wasn't. To work - to protect the claimant and his family - it had to be anonymised (the "super" bit)."-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 20:17, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Why do people like to italicize quotes (griping)? It's not "clear" to me, but I already made my points above. I like the Channel 4 article you cite, though, because at least it comes from a lawyer rather than from a journalist.--Bbb23 (talk) 20:26, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

UK super injunctions and Scotland
Do UK-wide super injunctions exist? Are English court injunctions enforceable in Scotland against Scottish-based publishers? Have any supposed UK-wide super injuctions ever been ignored by Scottish-based publishers? It would be good if any legal eagles could clarify this.--ML5 (talk) 22:13, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Yeah this was covered McNae's essential law for journalists. Basicaly the answer is technicaly they don't apply to a scotish publisher but in the real world enough coppies would get into england to put the publisher in breach of english law.©Geni 20:58, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

There seems to be a lot to be added to this article over the UK superinjunctions. 92.7.205.127 (talk) 09:04, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * This section needs to avoid WP:RECENTISM and WP:NOTNEWS, but it does need to explain what the term means, given the current controversies.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 09:22, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Super injunction "controversy"
One editor (and probably others as I recall) want to put in language about the "controversy" over the use of super injunctions. There is already an article about that. There is a link to the article in the See also section of this article. This article is about legal instruments and what they do. It is NOT an appropriate place to discuss their "controversial" use. We already have examples of the use of super injunctions in the article. It's enough. Let it sit in the other articles. We don't need it here. This shouldn't be a controversial article. It's definitions of legal terms.--Bbb23 (talk) 19:08, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * the fact that it is controversial is part of describing its definition. so you prefer a EL at the end rather than a link in the body of the article in context? why do you undo referenced statements? do you reserve the right to undo any differing way to link to that article, or will you accept a consensus? Slowking4 (talk) 19:19, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Its supposed controversial use has nothing to do with its definition. If you can obtain a consensus for inserting the controversy in the article, fine, but I'm not sure whether we would agree on whether a consensus has been achieved. Still, we can cross that bridge when we get to it. Let's see what others have to say first.--Bbb23 (talk) 19:59, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure precisely what the problem is here, but the fact that any "super injunction" is of disputed morality (and legality outside the Commonwealth) is inherent in the definition. The specific misuses of it may or may not be.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 20:19, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Arthur, I don't agree with your statement. I'm not aware of injunctions that are enforceable outside a particular jurisdiction, and the "disputed morality" is tautological because it revolves back to the controversy itself. That said, I'm okay with your solution, putting a see also in the section (as opposed to the main that Slowking put in) and of course removing it from the see also section.--Bbb23 (talk) 21:28, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

 * It will not be long until the secrecy can be circumnavigated by translation into another language. Especially when it comes to banned books like the one about the late Michael Loch McGurk there will be temptation. The censors must have had some really interesting things to protect. The following page is not easily accessed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-injunctions_in_English_law. 121.209.56.25 (talk) 06:40, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

53 Superinjunctions and anonymised privacy injunctions
The number of them is kinda relivant or we wouldn't bother including the guardian number. The recent report by judges agrees feeling the need to state that only two have been issues since the john terry one. The private eye number is the most up to date number we have and probably the most comprehensive. They've been involved with these things for years. The Michael Napier and Trafigura cases probably being the most obvious examples. Given how extensive Private eye's contacts are and how well they know the area we are not going to get a better source unless the courts themselves cough up the number.©Geni 21:58, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

that Private eye probably have the most comprehensive view of the area not just because they've been fighting the things for years.

 * First, I don't think the Guardian information belongs in this article. Second, at least the assertion in the WP article quotes the Guardian as saying "as many as 20 have been granted in the UK over the past 18 months." Your assertion doesn't give any context for the 53. Third, Private Eye is not a reliable source. It's a political/opinion/satiric magazine. All of this stuff - to the extent it belongs anywhere - belongs in 2011 British super-injunction controversy, not here. I'm going to revert you one more time and ask you not to edit-war but to obtain consensus for your edit before reinserting it.--Bbb23 (talk) 22:23, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The Guardian text has been in the article since the 3rd of april and in fact you edited it into it's current form. Since it's just a datapoint I'm failing to see the need for context. It's a bit like asking for context in the boiling point of tin. Bits of Private Eye are a reliable source. The first page is part of the stuff that is a reliable source. When it's an area they are very familiar with it's about as reliable as you are going to get from pretty much any media source.©Geni 22:41, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Why don't you put the Private Eye stuff in the Controversy article rather than this one? I don't see you trying to add it there, even though that's the logical place for it.

 * Saying something is "as reliable as you are going to get" is not the same as saying it meets Wikipedia's reliability requirements. Unhappily, I have been pushed into permitting a little about the controversy in this article, but you want to add more. If you can get consensus for putting in the Private Eye stuff here, then I would recommend replacing the Guardian information with the Private Eye information so we keep the amount of controversy data here to an absolute minimum. But first you'll have to get some consensus on the issues I've raised.--Bbb23 (talk) 23:02, 20 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I have adressed the issues you raised and you have failed to defend them. That rather negates your case.©Geni 23:10, 20 May 2011 (UTC)
 * An interesting point of view, but your opinion is hardly a consensus on anything.--Bbb23 (talk) 23:16, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

Super-injunctions - The trust fund/libel case, and hyper-injunctions.
If the trust-fund case used as an example of a super-injunction is ZAM v CFW & Anor [2011 EWHC 476 (QB)], it should be noted that this is an anonymised injunction not a super-injunction. If it were a super-injunction, the judgment wouldn't have been published.

There's also some significant debate about whether or not hyper-injunctions are really that big a deal (or exist), from a legal point of view. Looking through the Report of the Committee on Super-Injunctions (I get the feeling I'm the only person to have actually read it, but never mind), the committee noted that a normal injunction will usually cover talking to an MP (as injunctions tend to cover talking to anyone). Instructed lawyers are exempt under client/attorney privilege (and so do not have to be specified) and so either MPs are covered by parliamentary privilege (in which case, it doesn't matter if they're specified - you can still talk to them) or they're not (in which case it doesn't matter either, as you can't talk to them, specified or not).

There seem to be only 3 examples where MPs have been specified (and one wasn't in a court order) and "there is no available evidence that ... the court was seeking to limit the application of the protection afforded to constituents." (6.19 of the report; although 6.9-6.22 are all worth a read) Basically, a court couldn't restrict parliamentary privilege if it wanted to - that's the whole point of it. --Duke (talk) 01:49, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

Wikipedia injunction paragraph
An anon has re-added the paragraph: "Controversy arises when the information that the press may not publish is freely available from other sources, such as the internet. The Wikipedia article 2011 British super-injunction controversy details how the footballer Ryan Giggs is alleged to have had an affair with Welsh model Imogen Thomas, and that he sought and obtained a superinjunction to prevent the publication of this information." I've removed it as an unsourced self-reference, as there is no indication, even in the referenced Wikipedia article, that Wikipedia was the source, or even an conduit, for the leak of the name, before it was published in reliable sources. The Twitter reference to another injunction might better fit there. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 15:02, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

'Hyper-injunctions'
I note that a page was created on Hyper-injunctions in English law. I redirected that page to this one, since it was a stub and likely to remain so: the term 'hyper-injunction' doesn't seem to have caught on, and even if it was considered notable there would still be virtually nothing to say about them. The nature of the subject matter means there's basically no information about 'hyper-injunctions' in reliable sources. What there is is already adequately covered in this article. Robofish (talk) 00:13, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

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References vs. Footnotes
I see that a lot of content has been added to the references section, resulting in some very long and (in comparison to other articles) oddly formatted footnotes. I suggest that as an alternative, this sort of exposition based upon material that may be relevant yet not appropriate to add to the body of the article, be added in the form of footnotes. Arllaw (talk) 03:20, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Injunction


text:
United Kingdom in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004

The United Kingdom participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004, which was held on 20 November 2004 in Lillehammer, Norway. National broadcaster ITV was responsible for their participation and organised a national final to select the British entry. Ultimately, Cory Spedding was selected with the song "The Best Is Yet to Come".

The British entry was selected to perform thirteenth in the running order, following the entry from Latvia and preceding the entry from Denmark. The United Kingdom finished in second position with 140 points, which remains the UK's highest placing in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest as of 2023.

Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004: The British Final
A national final was held by Independent Television (ITV) to select the UK entry for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004. The final, broadcast on digital channel ITV2, was held on 4 September 2004 at the Granada Studios in Manchester and was presented by Holly Willoughby, Stephen Mulhern and Michael Underwood. Regional televoting was held to select the winner from the eight competing acts.

At Junior Eurovision
The 2004 Eurovision Song Contest was initially to be held in Manchester. However, ITV abandoned the project due to finance and scheduling problems. It was therefore moved to Lillehammer in Norway.

On the night of the contest, Cory Spedding performed 13th in the running order of the contest, following Latvia and preceding Denmark. At the close of the voting Cory received 140 points, placing 2nd of the 18 competing entries, beaten by María Isabel of Spain.

In the United Kingdom, the show was televised on digital channel ITV2 (due to poor viewing figures the previous year) with commentary by Matt Brown. The British spokesperson, who announced the British votes during the final, was national finalist Charlie Allan. A delayed broadcast, consisting of highlights, was aired on ITV1 the following afternoon.


text:
Cincture

The cincture is a rope-like or ribbon-like article sometimes worn with certain Christian liturgical vestments, encircling the body around or above the waist. As usual with vestments, both the term and the object are taken from ordinary everyday dress of the distant past. There are two types of cinctures: one is a rope-like narrow girdle or rope-like belt around the waist. The other type is a broad ribbon of cloth that runs around the waist and usually has a section that hangs down from the waist; this type is often called a "band cincture" - it would be a "waist-sash" in secular contexts. One or both (or other) types are often used in various Christian denominations. Both types are used in the various Western rites of the Catholic Church and provinces of the Anglican Communion. Consecrated members of the various Eastern rites, whether in the Catholic Church, or in the various Orthodox communions, sometimes wear a belt referred to as a zone.

In the Western rites of the Catholic Church, as a matter of customary terminology, the term cincture is most often applied to a long, rope-like cord with tasseled or knotted ends, tied around the waist outside the alb. The colour may be white, or may vary according to the colour of the liturgical season. A Catholic bishop's cincture is made of intertwining gold and green threads, a cardinal's has red and gold, and the pope's with white and gold. When the cincture is tied in the front and the ends draped on either side, it is called a Roman Knot.

The same rope-like vestment is widely used in the Anglican, Methodist and Lutheran churches, as well as some other Protestant churches. The band cincture in the Roman Catholic Church is usually known as the "fascia".

title: Cincture


text:
Tim Penny

Timothy Joseph Penny (born November 19, 1951) is an American author, musician, and former politician from Minnesota. Penny was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor member of the United States House of Representatives, 1983–1995, representing Minnesota's 1st congressional district in the 98th, 99th, 100th, 101st, 102nd and 103rd congresses.

Early life
Penny was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota, and was educated at Winona State University, receiving a bachelor's degree in political science in 1974. He was a member of the Minnesota Senate, 1976–1982. Penny served in the United States Naval Reserve and was commissioned a lieutenant commander.

Political career
In 1982, Penny won the DFL nomination for the 1st District and upset four-term 2nd District Republican Tom Hagedorn, becoming only the third Democrat to ever represent this district. Leading up to the election, Republicans were divided after the conservative Hagedorn narrowly defeated two-term First District moderate incumbent, Rep. Arlen Erdahl, in a contentious Republican Convention endorsement contest after redistricting; in addition, Democrats made large gains in congressional elections across the country, which contributed to Penny's victory. Penny was reelected in 1984 with 56 percent of the vote, becoming the first non-Republican to win reelection in the district since statehood. He never faced another contest nearly that close, winning four more times by an average of 70 percent of the vote.

Penny was a somewhat conservative Democrat; he opposed gun control and abortion (though he has since become pro-choice). These stances were typical for a mostly rural district in southern Minnesota. He was best known for his work on fiscal policy. Although he had built a nearly unbreakable hold on his district, he announced in 1994 that he would not run for a seventh term. After Jesse Ventura was elected governor in 1998, Penny served an informal advisory role to the governor and assisted with the gubernatorial transition team.

2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election
Governor Ventura decided not to stand for reelection in 2002. In July of that year, Penny joined the Independence Party and presented himself as a "sensible center", which resulted in winning the Independence nomination. Polls indicated a dead heat between him, DFL candidate Roger Moe, and Republican candidate Tim Pawlenty less than a month before the election. His running mate for the election was state senator Martha Robertson of Minnetonka, a moderate Republican. Polls in October had Penny in a near threeway tie. In the end, Penny was unsuccessful in his campaign, finishing with 16% of the vote.

Electoral history

 * 2002 Race for Governor
 * Tim Pawlenty (R), 44%
 * Roger Moe (DFL), 36%
 * Tim Penny (IPM.), 16%
 * Ken Pentel (Grn), 2%

Post-Congressional career
In 2008, he endorsed Republican John McCain for president and Independence Party candidate former senator Dean Barkley for US Senate.

Penny is president of the Southern Minnesota Initiative Foundation. He is also a senior fellow at the University of Minnesota's Humphrey Institute. He served for a time as the institute's co-director alongside one of his former congressional colleagues, Republican Vin Weber.

He serves on the advisory board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School and is on the board of directors for the Energy Literacy Advocates. Penny also serves as vice chairman of the board of directors of ACDI/VOCA, a nonprofit U.S. international development organization. In addition, he is a co-chair of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

Personal life
Penny lives in Owatonna, Minnesota and has four children. He is the lead singer and guitarist in a band called Led Penny.

Writings
Penny is the co-author of three books, Payment Due (1996), Common Cents: A Retiring Six-Term Congressman Reveals How Congress Really Works — And What We Must Do to Fix It (1995), and The 15 Biggest Lies in Politics (1998). He is the lead author of "The Road to Generational Equity", a manifesto that political analyst John Avlon characterizes as radical centrist.

title: Tim Penny