text:
Talk:Saki

Anti-Semite
We need to document the claim that Saki was an anti-Semite; this is a damaging charge and should not be made without a clear lead back to the evidence. --seglea 07:02, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I didn't intend to slander Saki, just to point out that he makes no effort to avoid the prejudices of his time, especially with regard to suffragettes (often) and Jews (occasionally). Aside from "The Unrest Cure", which plays on the idea of the then-current pogroms, there are throw-away lines in other stories.  These are catty and sly, rather than genocidal in tone, but nonetheless are worthy of note, in the context of their time.  One is to the effect that "the Jews are so kind to their poor -- and our rich". There are others, though I can't find them right now.  He was much crueller to categories of women he disapproved of.
 * BrainyBabe (how do I insert my sig and datestamp?)

 * use ~, i.e. 4 tildes (NB I've rearranged the above exchange to make the sequence clearer) --seglea 22:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you Seglea. --BrainyBabe 22:50, 17 May 2005 (UTC)
 * And why should he make an effort to avoid the prejudices of his time? As Steverapaport wrote below, Edwardian England and most of Europe was anti-women, anti-semitic, and anti-(most of everything else). If his stories reflect the norms of the time, it does not need special mention; rather you must mention it only if he depicted an ideal world different from the one that existed. Besides, it is usually not Saki as the author himself who makes any anti-Semite remarks, it is only his characters, most of whom Saki is making fun of, and showing as absurd. Shreevatsa 15:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

21:19, 19 September 2006 (UTC)The comments about Chesterton seem unneccessarily harsh. The Anti-Semitism portion of the Chesterton contradicts the impression that I get of Chesterton from the Saki article.

Anti-Semitism 2
I don't know if Saki would have counted as an anti-Semite in his own time and context. His stories did contain occasional throw-away lines that would not be acceptable today; were he writing in 2004, I doubt if he would include them. In addition, there is one short story, "The Unrest Cure", that is problematic. I shall attempt to deal with this in my updates to the wiki article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by BrainyBabe (talk • contribs).

Get over it!
Ok, first let me say that I'm Jewish, and living in Europe, in probably the third-most anti-semitic country here. And yes it worries me.

That said, seeing anti-semitism everywhere leads only to paranoia and madness. Seeing misogyny everywhere is the same.

H.H. Munro was writing in Edwardian England, for chrissakes. The entire society was misogynistic (they were using social pressure and ridicule to prevent suffragettes from achieving votes for women), and pretty much all of Europe was unabashedly anti-semitic. The English were also anti-Catholic, anti-Muslim, anti-Hindu, and pretty much anti-anything else that wasn't Church of England.

The Unrest Cure is my favorite Saki story, and he clearly considers the "killing of the Jews" to be a patently ridiculous idea. It's intended to crack you up laughing, and it does. The two Jews he does mention in the story as potential victims are both presented as respectable pillars of the community, and the prospect of having "The Bishop and Colonel Alberti" plotting their demise in the drawing room is clearly intended to upset people in the story, to be "a blot on the 20th Century", not to generate approval.

Saki's humor is viciously satirical, but it tends to be pro-nature, pro-animal, and anti-establishment. (And anti-aunt.) In no way is it partisan to any religion or, for that matter, gender. Those who cry "Wolf" every time someone mentions a Jew or a Suffragette are simply damaging the cause for those on alert against real anti-semitism and misogyny. --Steverapaport 10:04, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I certainly hadn't noticed any particular anti-Semitism in his stories, other than the general sort of ethnic humor which, while not harmless, was an ordinary part of U.S. and British culture at the time. In putting Jack London's racialism in context, I noted, for example, that in 1901 H. G. Wells wrote, in Anticipations,

 * And for the rest, those swarms of black, and brown, and dirty-white, and yellow people, who do not come into the new needs of efficiency? Well, the world is a world, not a charitable institution, and I take it they will have to go.

 * W. S. Gilbert in Ko-Ko's song includes "the banjo-serenaders and the others of his race" on his list of "society offenders who might as well be underground for they never would be missed."

 * And that was the cleaned-up version -- it used the N-word originally instead of banjo.  And yet I don't see accusations of racism prominent in W. S. Gilbert's page.  Why slander poor Saki?  --Steverapaport

 * I don't have any examples of what might be called "casual" anti-Semitism handy right at the moment, but there are plenty. --Dpbsmith (talk) 13:29, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Spoilers
This page gives away the endings of a number of Saki's stories, and I have therefore added the spoiler warning template. I know they're all fairly well known, but allowances should be made for those who have not yet had the pleasure. --Csernica 00:14, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Someone with an equal sense of propriety has peppered the quotations with links, a lure I imagine to distract the unwary to Wikilectures on Heaven or Hell. --Wetman 17:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually the extra links are mostly superfluous and distracting, IMHO, and blatantly contravene the Wikipedia guidelines on excess linkage.  I hope they're removed by someone with a better sense of propriety.

 * I have attempted to do so -- my first time at removing substantial amounts of material (albeit only links) from a Wikipedia page. So no more runaway cows but only a runaway cow.  Thank you to the previous (anonymous?) poster in the line above this, who pointed me towards guidelines that say that common ordinary words should not be linked.

BrainyBabe 22:02, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ooops, forgot to sign that comment. My name shows up too much on this page as it is :) I was the anonymous poster. Since you've started, BrainyBabe, I'll look and see if any more distracting blue can be removed.  Thanks so much for the work! Steve Rapaport 18:18, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, took me a few tries but I like it now. Steve Rapaport 18:37, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What's with the history?
I don't know if this is a bug restricted to this article or others too, but clicking "Older revision" from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saki&direction=prev&oldid=284217 (which has date 2001-11-07 12:37:51) takes me to http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saki&direction=prev&oldid=284216 (which has date 2002-03-26 18:25:21). Further, the former one above (2001-11-07 12:37:51) is the oldest date I can find, but its edit summary looks like it's an edit/revert of an older article. What is the matter? Shreevatsa 10:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not following you. The first link you have above goes to 7 November 2001, not a 2005 version. - DavidWBrooks 13:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * That's what I said, isn't it? The first link above has date 2001-11-07 and is the oldest version, but clicking "Older Revision" from there takes you to a newer (2002) version, not an older revision. Anyway, drop the matter, I learnt from the user page of the conversion script that this bug was known. Maybe someone can tell the author of that bot to restore the history of this page.... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Shreevatsa (talk • contribs).

What the Dickens?
"Basically Saki is like Charles Dickens......" I don't think this line should remain, or should at least be heavily qualified. It is a highly subjective opinion; which I for one don't share. I think Saki and Dickens' styles are very different. I personally think Saki is like a more bitter and twisted version of Wilde......but that's my opinion and I wouldn't present it as fact. -B.G. 13/10/05

 * You're quite correct. It's gone. - DavidWBrooks 14:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * And a good thing, too. I completely fail to see the resemblance. Dpbsmith (talk) 20:31, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

i just read the article on this guy and if you ask me he`s the british mark twain who agrees with me.

I'm with DavidWBrooks: Ever since I was introduced to Saki as a teenager in the early 60s I've felt he was Wilde with a mean streak (a delightful mean streak, I might add). Don G Taylor (talk) 23:56, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Saki's antisemitism
At present she's rather in a Balkan state of mind about the treatment of the Jews in Roumania. Personally, I think the Jews have estimable qualities; they're so kind to their poor- and to our rich.

- from Reginald on Worries, so you could ascribe it to Reginald rather than Saki himself. There's another story with a nasty tone- A Touch of Realism.

I don't think Saki was very antisemitic [nor was Buchan, actually- in The Three Hostages the villain is an archetypal "jew out to conquer the world", with Svengaliesque hypnotic powers except that he is a CofE conservative MP] and his attitude to the jews of eastern Europe- where jews faced real persecution- was sympathetic in his journalism. However, there is a long tradition in English literature of antisemitism as a convention- often an unthinking convention. Even radicals like Bage and Peacock were casually antisemitic in their books. I think Saki- like other writers then- assumed the same attitudes. Compare Belloc and Chesterton who made definite attempts to import European politico-religious antisemitism to Britain to see the difference in attitudes and assumptions. - found your remarks while I was looking up refs for another site discussing Saki's antisemitism, so what I wrote there seems appropriate. Another interesting book involving Edwardian antisemitism is Israel Rank by Roy Horniman, the basis for Kind Hearts and Coronets.

Roger Allen 08:09, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

antisemitism and homosexuality
Tidied and amended a little. Roger Allen 18:43, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Why is there even mention that H. H. Munro MAY have been gay (my emphasis?) One could add that to almost ANY article about a male on Wikipedia. Why is it relevant? There seems to be a concerted effort (by the LGBT community??) to include SOME mention in Wikipedia of a person's sexuality, whenever the opportunity arises. That is hardly "neutral." ExpatSalopian (talk) 19:33, 29 April 2015 (UTC) By the way, Dominic Hibberd's essay cited gives no such indication. I suggest that the paragraph be removed. (I could do it myself, of course.)ExpatSalopian (talk) 20:13, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

 * "There seems to be a concerted effort (by homophobes??) to deny ANY mention in Wikipedia of a person's homosexuality, whenever the opportunity arises. That is hardly "neutral"." Now - do you see what I did there? Do you have evidence of a concerted effort, do you have evidence that if there is then it is concerted by the LGBT community (last high command meeting I went to it wasn't on the agenda)? Or are you just throwing an unsupported allegation out there? DuncanHill (talk) 20:12, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Hibberd's piece in the ODNB, cited in the article says "Handsome and impeccably dressed, with a slightly crooked smile that rarely became a laugh, he seems to have moved on the fringes of polite society with few, if any, intimate friends. Some people knew he was homosexual, with many young contacts, but that side of his life had to be secret." So it explicitly says he was homosexual, and that some people knew he was homosexual. Please refrain from misrepresenting what cited sources say! DuncanHill (talk) 20:50, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

 * A case could be made, I suppose, for mentioning a person's sexuality among other biographical information. Not sure why it deserves a separate headed section, though, unless it was a major driving force behind his work.  After all, everyone has some kind of sexuality, but I don't see a section headed "Sexuality" in, for example, the Wikipedia article on Mark Twain, explicitly stating that he was heterosexual.
 * I am also wondering just how it is known what Munro's sexuality was? The one citation given says, in its entirety:
 * Munro, Hector Hugh [pseud. Saki] (1870–1916), short-story writer, was born on 18 December 1870 in Akyab, Burma, the youngest of the three children of Colonel Charles Augustus Munro (1844–1907), inspector-general of police in Burma, and Mary Frances Mercer (d. 1872). He was proud to belong to the ancient clan
 * There is no mention of his sexuality.
 * If this is important information for understanding his career, then a better source is needed.
 * 70.89.176.249 (talk) 01:22, 7 November 2019 (UTC)
 * You are lying about what the cited source says. I have quoted the relevant part above. DuncanHill (talk) 16:46, 18 December 2021 (UTC)
 * If this is important information for understanding his career, then a better source is needed.
 * 70.89.176.249 (talk) 01:22, 7 November 2019 (UTC)
 * You are lying about what the cited source says. I have quoted the relevant part above. DuncanHill (talk) 16:46, 18 December 2021 (UTC)

The Pond
I'd just like to put in a good word for this little-known story, the first of six uncollected ones, a link to which is included at the end of the article. I think this is a neglected masterpiece (unlike the other five). It is exquisitely poised between tragedy and comedy, with a most moving resolution in favor of I won't tell you which.

38.117.238.82 07:23, 13 December 2006 (UTC) now known as Kostaki mou 00:36, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. Most of the other five are deservedly forgotten, like much of his longer pieces of writing, but The Pond is good. BrainyBabe 13:23, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Avoidance of loaded adjectives
I welcome the addition of new material by an anonymous (probably new?) editor, and encourage this person to create an account. In addition to various small changes, I have stripped out the phrases praising the works added to the reference section (e.g. "A very useful and entertaining biography"), while retaining the works themselves. We can make value judgements on Saki's stories -- that they are witty or cynical or whatever -- only because we are reflecting the opinion of published commentators. Anything else would be original research, which Wikipedia avoids. We cannot write our own value judgements about Saki's work, or works about him. Again, thank you anonymous person for your contributions. BrainyBabe 09:31, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Frankly, I think you're being a bit too rigid, Brainy. You and I wrote our own value judgment about The Pond in the paragraph immediately above, didn't we?  Yet you don't seem to have any problem with that--nor should you.  It is, of course, carefully labeled as our opinion, and the fact that the story is linked to the article enables anyone to check it out and see whether or not they agree with us--just as anyone is free to check out the new editor's references and see whether they agree with his opinions about them.  It is not as though he were submitting information without backing it up.  Kostaki mou 05:58, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Welcome to Wikipedia! And thank you for creating an account -- it helps, among other things, keep track of who made what comment.  Two things: one, have a look at WP:A, the policy on attribution, which supercedes those on original research and sources.  Two, you are quite right that we editors have given our own opinions on the story above, but that's OK because this is a talk page, a place to discuss the article.  Pretty much anything goes here, as long as it's civil -- spelling mistakes, typos, vociferous opinions, unsubstantiated facts, value judgements, etc.  Rules and expectations on the article page are rather different. It is a fundamental distinction.  Hope this helps.  BrainyBabe 16:38, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

When William Came
I have reinserted some remarks about 'When William Came" which I first contributed on July 7 and which have been deleted. I intended only to expand the entry in a helpful fashion, and I'm not quite sure why anyone imagines it is their business simply to wipe them out. Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback 16:17, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I for one see the added material as making the paragraph in question too long, and rather schizoid in feel. The material you added also feels a bit POV/original research to me, for whatever that's worth. I didn't take it out before, but I would definitely consider integrating this information into the article better, and making it more objective-sounding. --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 16:31, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * You may well be right about paragraph length, a subject on which I yield to anyone. As for better integration, please feel free to integrate as much as you like. I am not quite sure how one can seek to be 'objective' about describing the works of an author. My aim in making the contribution was to point out that the book is not an antique invasion scare, but an account of national subjugation with some timeless messages, whose tone is explained by a (too often) forgotten controversy of the time. I'd be only too happy to see further contributions stressing other aspects of the book. Short of reproducing the entire text at one extreme, or offering no summary or description at all at the other, any reference is bound to reflect the views of the person making it. I happen to be rather familiar with this book. Given that the site offers plot summaries of several of the short stories, sometimes longer than this reference to 'William', perhaps it ought to do the same for the full-length books, certainly 'William' and 'The Unbearable Bassington'. And perhaps that is where such material should be. I am not dogmatic. What I really objected to was the autocratic, unexplained deletion of the whole thing. Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback 14:22, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

 * To Peter Hitchins -- thank you for discussing this on the talkpage. I didn't see this discussion, as no separate header was created to indicate a new section here.  I have created one.  The several sentences I removed run as follows:
 * The book is not a crude scare story and is still well worth reading today. Much of it (like some of Kipling's pre-1914 poems) is a powerful argument for compulsory military service, about which there was then a major controversy. The scene in which an Imperial Rescript is announced in a subjugated London, excusing the unmilitary British from serving in the Kaiser's armies, is particularly bitter. There are also several telling vignettes, showing the profound difference between the English and continental systems of law, which have a great relevance today. The moment when the hero's hostess informs him that she must register his presence under her roof with the police, and the incident in which he is fined on the spot for walking on the grass in Hyde Park, are particularly striking. So is the episode in which he finds himself unintentionally but unavoidably fraternising with one of the invaders. This book, interestingly, is still in print in a French edition. perhaps French readers rather appreciate contemplating how the supercilious Anglo-Saxons might have coped had they come under German rule.
 * This is unsourced criticism and thus in violation of the policy on original research. It is also, as you acknowledge, unbalanced in length.  I welcome another knowledgeable Saki fan to Wikipedia, and would suggest you source your material (ie find reputable authors who agree with you, preferably literary critics or possibly historians writing in journals) and insert it into When William Came, not the overall Saki article. BrainyBabe 15:51, 17 July 2007 (UTC)
 * PS In my first deletion of your passage, a week or so ago, I gave as an edit summary "remove unsourced digression on one novel -- this info could go to that book's page, if sourced", i.e. what I have said above. If in future you have any queries, please drop me a note on my talkpage, and I will try to help. BrainyBabe 15:54, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Erm, wouldn't the obvious solution to be be to create a section, in this entry, on the book? If one isn't allowed to refer to an author's books in the entry dealing with that author, then why does the entry contain summaries of several Saki short stories? Are these 'sourced criticism'? No, they're not. Nor is my 'unsourced digression'. But so what, exactly? The pernickety, bureaucratic twaddle about 'unsourced criticism' MIGHT apply if I were offering a literary judgement of the book, but I'm not. What I am actually doing is offering reasons to read it despite the fact that it is 97 years old and rather hard to find. I have written a couple of books myself, so can prove that I'm literate, have been reading and re-reading the Saki oeuvre since ( amazing as it now seems to me) several of his stories were televised on British commercial TV in the 1960s (in fact it now seems so amazing to me that I wonder if I am imagining it and also wonder if anyone has any information on these adaptations) and regard myself as just as qualified to offer opinions on these books as any 'reputable' critic, whatever that may be.  I wasn't aware that one needed, or could obtain,  a licence to have opinions on books. It's an enjoyable fancy for a dystopian novel, though. Wikipedia can be terribly self-regarding, sometimes. Who benefits from this brusque deletion? If you wish to help, I suggest you start by NOT going around deleting other people's constructive contributions, as if you were an encyclopaedic Police Officer. This isn't really in the spirit of the author we both seek to celebrate, is it? Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback 14:42, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia isn't for "reasons to read it"; it isn't for your "opinions on books"; it's not for celebrating an author. It's for writing an NPOV, cited encyclopedia.--Prosfilaes 15:14, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

See what I mean about self-regarding, and bureaucratic? Actually, encyclopaedias seek to inform their readers and any entry about an author is bound to be, to some extent, a celebration in both senses of the word. As to how one can have or express a 'neutral point of view' about a novel, I'm not entirely sure. The concept is suspect anyway, but on a novel, even more so. Neutral between what and what, pray? Perhaps we should all get together to compose a short story, in the style of the late Mr Munro, about an encyclopaedia compiler who has a secret life as a police officer, or the other way round. Clockback 12:49, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd personally say it's more self-regarding to come to a project and try and do things the way you want them done then to try and do them the way the group working on the project has decided to do them. If you don't want to follow the most fundamental rules of the project, go found your own project.--Prosfilaes 13:06, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is remarkably self-policing, in fact, so we are all sort of "bobbies on the beat"; however, a better place to discuss the nature of Wikipedia is the Village Pump. As for this article, I acknowledge the especial sujectiveness of literary criticism (compared to, say, areas of medical research) but that does not mean any views can find a home here.  I have no reason to doubt that you are indeed Peter Hitchens, but just put yourself in his shoes if he were to discover that someone was impersonating him here. For better or for worse, one's name in the real world does not add much weight in Wikipedia; contributions stay or go on their own merits, which includes whether they follow the rules.  Think of them as the Highway Code, if that makes them more palatable; good drivers are ultimately not self-regarding but other-regarding.
 * You point out correctly that a fair amount of space is given to summaries of some of Saki's short stories. I think a useful rule of thumb is that the space given to the works is roughly proportional to their importance in the overall article, in this case, a biography.  Saki is known as a short story writer; his parliamentary sketches, foreign journalism, plays and even novels are not what he is remembered for, therefore it seems appropriate that his short stories are given more space here.  The novels have their own articles, which you are welcome to contribute to. BrainyBabe 14:51, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I have never understood why the Internet is a masked ball. We are not Chinese dissidents, and I see no reason why people cannot contribute under their own names. To the person who uses the alias 'Prosfilaes' : I do not know what the 'group working on the project ' may be, or how one could become a member of it. Perhaps there is a Greek password or an initiation ceremony? However, it appears from the dismissive response to my contribution that there is indeed such a group patrolling this entry, and that this group resents any, ah, interlopers on what it regards as its territory. (The suggestion, by the way, that the material might be posted on the entry dealing with the book 'When William Came', is quite a good one. Why,in that case, has none of you actually done this simple thing, instead of just deleting the material? I should have been quite happy, and convinced of everyone's generous intentions, had someone done so and informed me that they had done so. But it was just bunged scornfully down the memory hole).
 * I have emphatically not sought to 'try to do things the way I want them done' . I merely offered some additional material and, when it was first rejected, replaced it to make the point that I saw no good reason why it had been rejected. I haven't done so since, and hope only to persuade Saki's self-appointed, anonymous border police to let the material in, through persuasion. I still don't, actually, know why it has been rejected. The nonsensical argument that because Saki's short stories are better known they deserve to be summarised, whereas his longer works are less well-known and so don't deserve to be summarised, is a hoot. This is an encyclopaedia entry designed to inform those who seek to know more than they already do about something in which they are interested. Therefore surely it has a duty to provide more information about the less well-known than about the well-known?   I didn't delete a word written by anyone else, nor would I presume to do so. That would be self-regard. I don't own the entry, and nor - and this is actually my complaint - does anyone else. To the person who employs the alias 'Brainybabe', don't you, who do not use your own name to post here, think it a little presumptuous and ridiculous to question the genuineness of my openly proclaimed (and easily checkable) identity? I deplore the Internet habit of concealing identity, and decline to use it.  What possible aim could anyone serve by pretending to be someone else in order to offer an account of someone else's book to a Wikipedia entry? I am glad you accept that literary criticism is subjective, not that I was attempting any. When you say 'that does not mean that any views can find a home here', you raise the most important question. Which,or perhaps rather whose, views can find a home here? And who decides?  Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback 14:12, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a talkpage to discuss improvements to the Saki article. See Etiquette

 * I know there exists a British political journalist called Peter Hitchens; I know there is a Wikipedia editor who created a pseudonymous account as User:Clockback and uses a long signature "Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback"; I do not have the ability to check that these are the same person.  (Perhaps system administrators do, I don't know.)  I do not presume that these are not the same person, I merely assert that I do not have the ability to confirm that they are.  I know that if I or anyone created an account under the name of another political journalist and started editing as them, they might very well be annoyed.

 * By the way, there is a difference between anonymous and pseudonymous editing. (See Username policy). Thank you also for recognising that articles do not "belong" to anyone (see Ownership of articles).  "If you do not want your material to be edited mercilessly or redistributed by others, do not submit it." -- as it says at the bottom of every editing page.

 * Those views that can find a home on a Wikipedia article are first and foremost those that are based on reputably published sources (see No original research) and are verifiable (see Verifiability). The current reference to the novel in question runs as follows:

 * Shortly before the Great War, with the genre of invasion literature selling well, he published a "what-if" novel, When William Came, subtitled "A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns", imagining the eponymous German emperor conquering Britain.

 * This seems to me of a length appropriate to the article, with clear links to the article on the novel itself and to those about its political and literary context.  Please clarify what you wish to change about this. BrainyBabe 07:54, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh, honestly. This really is too dull and too silly. How Hector Munro would have laughed. I shall leave you alone and wish you joy of it. Good Day to You. Peter Hitchens, signed in as Clockback 20:44, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * For the record, Peter Hitchens has commented on his passing involvement with Wikipedia here. Philip Cross 19:24, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Mrs Elmsley
Someone claimed that this novel, published in 1911 by Hector Munro, is by Saki. There are very good reasons to doubt this claim. The main bases for it are an allegation by the aged and famously untruthful Montague Summers in The Galanty Show and an article in the TLS in 2003 pointing out trivial similarites. Against it are the following facts: the remarkable differences in subject matter and style between it and Saki's own books, in 1911 Saki was publishing as often as ever, so had little time to write another otherwise unknown book, when he did publish under his own name it was as H. H. Munro or as Hector Hugh Munro, but never by his frst name alone, and the fact that no-one who knew or claimed to know Saki but Summers, over thirty years after Saki's death, ever suggested that he wrote it. Until there is more reliable evidence we should not consider this one of Saki's own books.Roger Allen (talk) 23:53, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Tried to clean up
I've added a couple of tags and cleaned up some of the POV, but a lot remains. The bane of Wikipedia is essays and school papers posted as articles.

Here's the tag about literary criticism:

"Do not write articles that present your own original theories, opinions, or insights, even if you can support them by reference to accepted work." This is not a guideline but official POLICY. It means that it is NOT all right to hunt for someone else who shares your interpretation, then cite them as a reference. The "Controversy section," beginning with the weasel words "Some believe," really should be completely deleted. Please, stick only to fact. — J M Rice (talk) 16:06, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

The "European watering holes" were mot drinking establishments but- literally- watering holes where people bathed in mineral waters at therapeutic baths. I've changed the term to spas to make misunderstanding impossible- I hope. I've also restored my remark about Ethel Munro- one thing everyone who wrote about Saki from personal experience remarks on is Ethel's personaliy, Saki's friendship with her and how surprising that was and her toleration and love of her brother so it isn't POV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Roger Allen (talk • contribs) 17:13, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I have cleaned up the crap about anti-semitism by attributing both the pro- and anti-argument to published writers with links.  Perhaps Roger you could do the same for Ethel's personality, and then we could see the weasel templates removed?  Steve Rapaport (talk) 01:34, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

controversy
I removed the line

"However, Saki's anti-semitism is not obsessive and all-pervading in the way of such contemporaries as Belloc or Chesterton."

because it makes no sense unless he was anti-semitic. Even if we make a really extreme effort to be broad-minded and take this slander seriously it has to be treated as something "controversial" not something that is fact.

I also cleaned up the part about alleged "misogyny" a little bit trying to keep the core idea without the bizarre speculation about "childless women". His aunt was crazy and abusive and he hated her in a way that comes out often in his writing. He hated her because she was abusive to him, not because he cared about whether or not she had children of her own.

As for the anti-semitism, if anyone seriously cares about this I would suggest that you read "The Unrest Cure" since it's actually about anti-semitism. If he was going to let slip anything anti-semitic it would be there. You must keep in mind two things: 1) In polite upper-middle-class England in the 1900s pogroms were a thing of the past.  Saki's readers did not know that the holocaust would happen 40 years later.  They only knew that violence against Jews had been decreasing since long before they were born. 2)  Many of Saki's stories juxtaposed middle-class England with the more chaotic and violent circumstances of places he had been to like Burma, India, the Balkans, or the Middle East. "The Unrest Cure" follows this formula. The pogrom is something extremely violent that was happening at the time but far away from the tranquil English setting that Saki inserts it into. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Abu America (talk • contribs) 10:06, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

 * ...and then I removed the entire section. It just doesn't prove that there really is any controversy. PiCo (talk) 06:36, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
 * On balance, I agree with the removal. It was clearly an WP:UNDUEWEIGHT problem. DreamGuy (talk) 14:57, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

Saki's residence, and the "roomlet which came under the auspicious constellation of W."
I hadn't meant to offend or cause controversy when I edited out this reference, but it is based on a misreading of Saki's story "Adrian". The context of the reference in the story makes it clear that the East End slum of Whitechapel, adjoining the equally insalubrious Bethnal Green (mentioned in the previous sentence)is what is meant, rather than the West End's postal district. This is an great example of Saki's sarcasm. Adrian's residence is not in an auspicious location at all, and 'roomlet' means just that; it's not at all like the comfortable bachelor lodgings in which Munro lived. "Adrian" is about the merry destruction a clever boy from the London slums wreaks when unknowingly taken up by members of Edwardian moneyed society, and the whole plot hinges on their ignorance of his origins and background (note how cleverly the author allows Lucas Croyden to almost let slip Adrian's mother's residence in Bethnal Green, but then check himself just in time - it sets up the punch line of the story.) Saki's characters and bright young men (Reginald,Clovis and their ilk) often do have lives, backgrounds, and residences illustrative of his own life, but the title character in "Adrian" is not among that group, and nothing could be further from Munro's own living situation or millieu. Again, I had no desire to offend (I'm new to this), but I'm really pretty sure about this one. 66.92.65.91 (talk) 20:32, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I think you're right; that's how the story seems to me as well. Whatever the "auspicious constellation of W" might be, it seems fairly clear it's not "the postal district of the West End of London, where the fashionable set lived in Edwardian times". Shreevatsa (talk) 21:09, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Ah. The story seems rather different to me. Anyway, 66, no offence caused at all; we like a bit of well-informed debate here. It would help if you created an account, so we can see who's contributing what; sometimes ISP numbers change. For ease of reference, the sentence removed runs as follows:
 * One of his [Saki's] young characters lived in a similar "roomlet which came under the auspicious constellation of W" (i.e. within the postal district of the West End of London, where the fashionable set lived in Edwardian times).
 * Here is the introduction to Adrian:
 * His mother lived in Bethnal Green, which was not altogether his fault; one can discourage too much history in one's family, but one cannot always prevent geography. And, after all, the Bethnal Green habit has this virtue--that it is seldom transmitted to the next generation. Adrian lived in a roomlet which came under the auspicious constellation of W.
 * It seems clear that he has left his mother, Bethnal Green, and by extension the East End, well behind him, and has managed to find a tiny room in the W postcode area of London. No doubt the postal boundaries have changed over a hundred years, but this is west, and central-ish, London, if not literally the West End. The whole point is that his family's circumstances no longer define his: Bethnal Green was not transmitted to Adrian. It never occured to me that "W[est]" was Saki-code for "E[ast]".  Can you come up with any similar examples in other stories?  Also, you seem very specific and sure that the "context of the reference in the story makes it clear that the East End slum of Whitechapel is what is meant." What makes you think it is Whitechapel that is intended? It is of course true that the circumstances of Saki were comfortable, if not as lavish as Clovis et al, and nowhere near those of Adrian:
 * How he lived was to a great extent a mystery even to himself; his struggle for existence probably coincided in many material details with the rather dramatic accounts he gave of it to sympathetic acquaintances.
 * How he paid for the roomlet is unstated; I would incline to the Hyde Park solution, but that really would be speculation. BrainyBabe (talk) 11:30, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation of 'Saki'
Do we know for a fact how Saki is to be pronounced? For context, A. A. Milne was confused too: It may have been my uncertainty (which still persists) whether he called himself Sayki, Sahki or Sakki which made me thus ungenerous of his name --Introduction, The Chronicles of Clovis by Saki, 1911 Do we have some other source? Ijon (talk) 20:54, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

Incomplete sentence
'By his marriage to Mary Frances Mercer (1843–1872), the daughter of Rear Admiral Samuel Mercer.' That's the set-up - where's the payoff? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.98.187.218 (talk) 03:19, 12 July 2015 (UTC)

 * There was a misplaced capital letter, the full sentence reads "Saki was the son of Charles Augustus Munro, an Inspector General for the Indian Imperial Police, by his marriage to Mary Frances Mercer (1843–1872), the daughter of Rear Admiral Samuel Mercer". I have corrected the typo. DuncanHill (talk) 17:15, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

More on Mrs. Elmsley
“Some confusion having arisen owing to the similarity of names, Mr. Hector H. Munro (who usually writes under the pen-name of ‘Saki’) asks us to state that he is not the author of the novel ‘Mrs. Elmsley,’ by Mr. Hector Munro, published by Messrs. Constable and Co.” ― ‘Notice in the Westminster Gazette, Monday 3 April 1911, p. 4.’

https://www.annotated-saki.info/

Saki life in army
SAKI LIFE IN ARMY 2409:4064:4D06:B20F:0:0:3448:630F (talk) 14:08, 18 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saki


text:
User:Yelyos

In light of some discussion on #wikipedia (on which my username is also 'yelyos') that suggests the above may not be possible, I also grant a license to everyone to use my contributions for any purpose, including modifications of any kind, with or without attribution or notification/permission.

Hi, I'm yelyos. I'm not much for biography, so I'll just get on with the random notes left here.

RC patrol is something rather relaxing after a stressful day. Yelyos 23:43, Sep 6, 2004 (UTC)

I'm storming off and leaving Wikipedia forever. Yelyos 04:27, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)

Ok, I'm back. Yelyos 04:28, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)

I've jumped on the subpage bandwagon with List of proposed lists. Feel free to add your own. Yelyos 21:14, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Added User:Yelyos/AYB. Yelyos 02:28, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

In case the issue of my edit count ever comes up, please note that it is grossly inflated, because I tend to make mistakes a lot when I edit things. Thanks, Yelyos 10:47, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)

Whoo, 1000 edits. Although I'm not much of a speechwriter, like Frazzydee, so I'll just leave it at a "whoo". Yelyos 03:37, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Have a look at User:Yelyos/RFFC. Yelyos 15:47, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

This page has been vandalised a bunch of times times by at least 6 individuals.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Yelyos


text:
Toledo Bend Reservoir

Toledo Bend Reservoir is a reservoir on the Sabine River between Texas and Louisiana. The lake has an area of 185,000 acre, the largest man-made body of water partially in both Louisiana and Texas, the largest in the South, and the fifth largest by surface acre in the United States. The dam is capable of generating 92 megawatts of electrical power. The dam itself is located in the northeast corner of Newton County, Texas; however, that county includes very little of the reservoir, as most of it extends northward into parts of Sabine and DeSoto parishes in Louisiana, and Sabine, Shelby, and Panola counties in Texas.

Historical development
The land along the Orange area often flooded from the Sabine, with destructive effects. Also, the considerations for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes were part of the reasons the Texas State Legislature formed the Sabine River Authority of Texas (SRA-T) in 1949, and in 1950 the Louisiana State Legislature created the Sabine River Authority, State of Louisiana (SRA-L) for the project.

The two autonomous entities formed the Sabine River Compact, a memorandum of agreement, approved by the Legislatures of the States of Texas (1953) and Louisiana (1954), The U.S. Congress, and the President. These organizations and the compact were a result of efforts that began with the Sabine River Watershed Association of Texas after World War II as well as citizens from Louisiana, to create a freshwater supply, that included hydroelectric power, as well as providing recreation.

With both authorities in agreement, in 1955 a feasibility report was initiated and by 1959, the two states allocated 30 million dollars for the project. The land was acquired in 1963, with the work following the subsequent year. The Massman-Johnson Construction Company served as the general contractor, and by the completion of the project in 1969, Texas' estimated share of the funds was $70 million. The dam was built by the two states, without any assistance from the federal government.

History
Beginning in May 1963, land acquisitions for Toledo Bend Reservoir started as a joint management project of Texas and Louisiana River Authorities. Construction on the Toledo Bend Dam, spillway, and power plant, began on May 11, 1964. The closure section of the earthen embankment and impoundment of water was begun in October 1966. The power plant was completed and began operating in the early part of 1969. The Toledo Bend Project was constructed primarily for the purposes of water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation.

Toledo Bend Reservoir forms a portion of the boundary between the states of Texas and Louisiana. From the dam site, which is north of Burkeville, TX, the reservoir extends up the river for about 65 mi to Logansport, LA, and inundates land in Sabine, Shelby, Panola, and Newton Counties, Texas, and Sabine and DeSoto Parishes, Louisiana.

In 2003, during recovery operations following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, some remains of the astronauts were recovered west of the Reservoir.

Area impact
Many communities were affected in the impacted parishes and counties.

Sabine Parish
In Sabine Parish, there were several communities that included houses and other buildings such as schools and churches predominantly poor and minority, that were inundated.
 * Pine Flat Community (100 individuals and included about 50 homes and a school),
 * Barlake community,
 * Richard Neck community,
 * Kites Landing

The water, normally covering an area of about 186,000 acres has a controlled storage capacity of 4477,000 acre.ft.

Toledo Bend is the nation's only public water conservation and hydroelectric power project to be undertaken without federal participation in its permanent financing.

Public recreation
Toledo Bend, with its 1200 mi of shoreline, offers a large variety of recreational activities and is a major element in serving the growing demand for water oriented outdoor recreation. Both private and public facilities are available for swimming, boating, picnicking, fishing, camping, hunting, and sightseeing. The reservoir is a popular location for freshwater fishing with many clubs hosting tournaments.

At present, the lake is best suited to shallow draft power boats due to a large number of trees and stumps that are still in the body of the lake. Although there are numerous well marked boat lanes that have been cleared of stumps and trees, one should use caution even on the boat lanes; one should use extreme caution when off the boat lanes and maintain a watch for stumps and/or trees as well as floating logs.

The lake is home to the Toledo Bend Army Recreation Park. The park is located on the south end of the lake, and is available only to active and retired military personnel and government employees. The park offers a convenience store with well-maintained fleet of pontoon boats, bay boats, bass boats, kayaks, and canoes for rent. A developed beach area with a bath house, cabins, and yurts are available. The park is operated by the US Army at nearby Fort Johnson in Leesville, Vernon Parish.

title: Toledo Bend Reservoir


text:
Heckler & Koch G3

The Heckler & Koch G3 (Gewehr 3) is a select-fire battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO developed in the 1950s by the German firearms manufacturer Heckler & Koch, in collaboration with the Spanish state-owned firearms manufacturer CETME. The G3 was the service rifle of the German Bundeswehr until it was replaced by the Heckler & Koch G36 in the 1990s, and was adopted into service with numerous other countries.

The G3 has been exported to over 70 countries and manufactured under license in at least 15 countries. Over 7.8 million G3s have been produced. Its modular design was used for several other HK firearm models, including the HK21, MP5, HK33, PSG1, and G41.

History
The origin of the G3 can be traced back to the final years of World War II when Mauser engineers at the Light Weapon Development Group (Abteilung 37) at Oberndorf am Neckar designed the Maschinenkarabiner Gerät 06 (MKb Gerät 06, "machine carbine device 06") prototype assault rifle chambered for the intermediate 7.92×33mm Kurz cartridge, first with the Gerät 06 model using a roller-locked short recoil mechanism originally adapted from the MG 42 machine gun but with a fixed barrel and conventional gas-actuated piston rod. With careful attention to the mechanical ratios, the gas system could be omitted. The resultant weapon, Gerät 06H (the "H" suffix is an abbreviation for halbverriegelt - "half-locked") was assigned the designation StG 45(M) (Sturmgewehr 45(M), assault rifle 45) but was not produced in significant numbers and the war ended before the first production rifles were completed.

The German technicians involved in developing the StG 45(M) were taken to work in France at Centre d'Etudes et d'Armement de Mulhouse (CEAM). The StG 45(M) mechanism was modified by Ludwig Vorgrimler and Theodor Löffler at the Mulhouse facility between 1946 and 1949. Three versions were made, chambered in .30 Carbine, 7.92×33mm Kurz, and the experimental 7.65×35mm French short cartridge developed by Cartoucherie de Valence in 1948. A 7.5×38mm cartridge using a partial aluminium bullet was abandoned in 1947. Löffler's design, designated Carabine Mitrailleuse Modèle 1950, was retained for trials among 12 different prototypes designed by CEAM, MAC, and MAS. Engaged in the Indochina War and being the second NATO contributor, France canceled the adoption of these new weapons for financial reasons.

In 1950, Vorgrimler moved to Spain where he created the LV-50 rifle chambered for the Kurz cartridge and later, the proprietary 7.92×40mm CETME M53 round. At this point, the rifle was renamed the Modelo 2. The Modelo 2 drew the attention of the West German Bundesgrenzschutz (Border Guards), who sought to re-equip the newly formed national defense forces. Not willing to accept a cartridge outside of the NATO specification, the Germans asked CETME to develop a 7.62×51mm version of the rifle. The resulting CETME Model A was chambered for the 7.62×51mm CETME cartridge which was identical in chamber dimensions but had a reduced-power load compared to the 7.62×51mm NATO round. Further development of the rifle with input from H&K produced the CETME Model B which received several modifications, including the ability to fire from a closed bolt in both semi-automatic and automatic firing modes, a new perforated sheet metal handguard (the folding bipod had been the foregrip in previous models), improved ergonomics and a slightly longer barrel with a 22 mm rifle grenade launcher guide. In 1958, this rifle was accepted into service with the Spanish Army as the Modelo 58, using the 7.62×51mm CETME round.

In 1956, the Bundesgrenzschutz canceled their planned procurement of the CETME rifles, adopting the Belgian-made FN FAL as the Gewehr 1 (G1) instead. However, the newly formed West German Army (Bundeswehr) now showed interest and soon purchased a number of CETME rifles (7.62×51mm NATO chambering) for further testing. The CETME, known as the Automatisches Gewehr G3 according to German nomenclature, competed successfully against the Swiss SIG SG 510 (G2) and the American AR-10 (G4) to replace the previously favored G1 rifle. In 1956 the Bundeswehr started extended troop trials with 400 CETME rifles. Heckler & Koch made a number of changes to the CETME rifles. In January 1959, the Bundeswehr officially adopted the technically improved CETME proposal. The West German government wanted the G3 rifle to be produced under license in Germany; purchase of the G1 had previously fallen through over FN's refusal to grant such a license. In the case of the G3, the Dutch firm Nederlandse Wapen en Munitiefabriek (NWM) held production and sales rights to the CETME design outside of Spain. To acquire production rights, the West German government offered NWM contracts to supply the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) with 20mm ammunition. Production of the G3 was then assigned to Rheinmetall and Heckler & Koch. The latter company already had ties to CETME, and had worked to further optimize the CETME rifle for use with the full-power 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge (as opposed to the downgraded CETME variant). In 1969, Rheinmetall gave up production rights to the G3 in exchange for Heckler & Koch's promise not to bid on MG 3 machine gun production. Later in 1977, the West German government ceded ownership of G3 production and sales rights exclusively to Heckler & Koch. After obtaining these rights, Heckler & Koch initially had to pay the government 4 Deutsche Marks per rifle, despite having been awarded the contract by the German government.

Initial production G3 rifles differed substantially from more recent models; early rifles featured closed-type mechanical flip-up sights (with two apertures), a lightweight folding bipod, a stamped sheet steel handguard, a wooden buttstock (in fixed stock models) or a telescopic metal stock. Before delivery to the Bundeswehr, each G3 went through functional checks, zeroing the sight line (Anschießen) and a shooting test at the factory. In the process, five shots were fired at a target at 100 m with particularly accurate sighting-in ammunition. The 5-shot group could not exceed 120 mm (1.2 mil/4.13 MOA) diameter. The weapon was modernized during its service life (among other minor modifications it received new sights, a different flash suppressor, and a synthetic handguard and shoulder stock), resulting in the most recent production models, the G3A3 (with a fixed polymer stock) and the G3A4 (telescoping metal stock). The rifle proved successful in the export market, being adopted by the armed forces of over 40 countries. Of that figure, 18 countries undertook domestic production of the G3 under license. Known manufacturers of the weapon included France (MAS), Greece (Hellenic Defence Systems), Iran (Defense Industries Organization), Luxembourg (Luxemburg Defense Technologie), Mexico, Myanmar, Norway (Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk), Pakistan (Pakistan Ordnance Factories), Portugal (FBP), Saudi Arabia (Military Industries Corporation (Saudi Arabia)), Sweden (Husqvarna Vapenfabrik AB and FFV Carl-Gustaf in Eskilstuna), Thailand, Turkey (MKEK) and the United Kingdom (Royal Ordnance).

The Bundeswehr was working on improving their G3 rifles in the 1990s with a brass deflector that deflects spent cartridge cases down and frontwards from the operator and a new polymer pistol-grip/fire-control assembly module that allows better ambidextrous operation of the safety lever when they had their G3 rifles replaced for the Heckler & Koch G36. Currently (2018) hundreds of thousands of G3A3A1, G3A4A1 and G3KA4A1 modernized variants rifles are maintained by Bundeswehr personnel and kept in reserve or are available in military base small arms storages.

Operating mechanism

The G3 is a selective-fire automatic weapon that employs a roller-delayed blowback operating system. The two-piece bolt assembly consists of a breech (bolt head) and bolt carrier. The bolt is held in battery by two sliding cylindrical rollers that engage locking recesses in the barrel extension. The breech is opened when both rollers are compressed inward against camming surfaces driven by the rearward pressure of the expanding gases upon the bolt head. As the rollers move inward, recoil energy is transferred to the locking piece and bolt carrier which begin to withdraw while the bolt head slowly moves rearward in relation to the bolt carrier. As the bolt carrier clears the rollers, pressure in the bore drops to a safe level, the bolt head is caught by the bolt carrier and moves to the rear as one unit, continuing the operating cycle.

Based on the geometric relationship arising from the angles of the roller contact surfaces of the locking piece and the barrel extension recesses, the recoil of the bolt head is delayed by a ratio of 4:1 for the 7.62×51mm NATO chambering. Thus during the same period of time, the bolt head carrier moves 4 times faster than the bolt head. This ratio is continued until the locking rollers have been withdrawn from the barrel extension recesses.

The bolt features an anti-bounce mechanism that prevents the bolt from bouncing off the barrel's breech surface. The "bolt head locking lever" is a spring-loaded claw mounted on the bolt carrier that grabs the bolt head as the bolt carrier group goes into battery. The lever essentially ratchets into place with friction, providing enough resistance to being re-opened that the bolt carrier does not rebound. The spring-powered claw extractor is also contained inside the bolt while the lever ejector is located inside the trigger housing (actuated by the recoiling bolt).

The chamber has longitudinal gas relief flutes cut in the chamber wall to ease the cartridge case's extraction upon firing. These flutes allow propellant gas to flow between the case and chamber wall, equalizing the pressure between the inner and outer surfaces of the front of the cartridge case. The intentional propellant gas ingress at the gas relief flutes significantly reduces case friction against the chamber wall, making extraction more reliable by preventing the cartridge case from sticking and tearing.

The reliable functioning of roller-delayed blowback mechanisms is limited by specific ammunition and arm parameters like bullet weight, propellant charge, barrel length and amount of wear. For obtaining a proper and safe functioning parameters bandwidth Heckler & Koch offer a variety of locking pieces with different mass and shoulder angles. The angles are critical and determine the unlock timing and pressure curve progression as the locking pieces act in unison with the bolt head carrier.

Features

The G3 is a modular weapon system. Its butt-stock, fore-stock and pistol-grip/fire-control assembly may be changed at will in a variety of configurations (listed below). Simple push-pins hold the components in place and removing them will allow the user to remove and replace parts rapidly. The weapon made extensive use of cost-saving pressed and stamped steel components rather than machined parts and spot welding to connect parts. The stamped sheet metal cocking handle tube and receiver are large exposed parts that are prone to deformation from hard impact as they were designed to be relatively thin to save weight. If dented severely or deep enough during field service, reliability problems due to internal parts movement impairments can occur that put the rifle out of action and can not be field solved by the user. To determine and correct such situations armorers are trained to employ specially designed "GO" and symmetry gauges and straightening mandrels to fairly quickly repair such problems.

Trigger
The rifle is hammer fired and has a trigger mechanism with a 3-position fire selector switch that is also the manual safety toggle that secures the weapon from accidentally discharging (fire selector in the "E" or "1" position – single fire mode (Einzelfeuer), "F" or "20" – automatic fire (Feuerstoß), "S" or "0" – weapon is safe (Sicher), trigger disabled mechanically). The weapon can be fitted with an optional four-position safety/fire selector group illustrated with pictograms with an ambidextrous selector lever. The additional, fourth selector setting enables a three-round burst mode of fire. The rifle has a relatively high trigger pull of 50 - 55 N due to a drop safety requirement. An interchangeable set-trigger pack assembly featuring a trigger stop and less trigger pull is available for the G3SG/1 and other sniping orientated variants.

Sights
The original G3 and G3A1 rifle variants had a relatively low iron sight line that consisted of a Klappvisier, an "L-type" flip up rear sight and hooded front post. From the G3A2 variant the firearm is equipped with a relatively low iron sight line that consists of a Drehvisier a rotary rear drum and hooded front post. The rear sight is mechanically adjustable for both windage and elevation with the help of tools. This deliberately prevents non-armorers to (re)zero the iron sight line. The rotary drum features an open V-notch (numbered 1) for rapid target acquisition, close range, low light and impaired visibility use and three apertures (numbered 2, 3 and 4) used for: 200 - 400 m in 100 m increments for more precise aiming. The 1 V-notch and 2 or 200 m aperture settings have an identical point of aim. The V-notch and apertures are calibrated for US M80 / German DM111 series or other equivalent 9.5 g 7.62×51mm NATO ball ammunition. The receiver housing has recesses that work with STANAG claw mounts/HK clamp adapters used to mount day or night aiming optics.

Barrel
The rifled barrel – four right-hand grooves with a 305 mm twist rate to adequately stabilize the military 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition of the era – terminates with a slotted flash suppressor which can also be used to attach a bayonet or serve as an adapter for launching rifle grenades. From the G3A3 the barrel was free floated from the stock and had polygonal rifling. The barrel chamber is fluted with twelve flutes, which assists in the initial extraction of a spent cartridge casing (since the breech is opened under very high barrel in internal cartridge case pressure).

Feeding
The G3A3 (A4) uses either steel (260 g) or aluminium (140 g) 20-round double-stacked straight box magazines, or a 50-round drum magazine. H&K developed a prototype plastic disposable magazine in the early 1960s, but it was not adopted as aluminum magazines were just as light and proved more durable, as well as easier to produce.

Accessories

Standard accessories supplied with the rifle include: a detachable bipod (not included with rifles that have a perforated plastic handguard), sling, cleaning kit and a speed-loading device. Several types of bayonet are available for the G3, but with few exceptions they require an adapter to be inserted into the end of the cocking tube. The most common type features a 6$3⁄4$ inch spear-point blade nearly identical with the M7 bayonet, but with a different grip because of its mounting above the barrel. The weapon can also mount a 40 mm HK79 under-barrel grenade launcher, blank firing adapter, a straight blowback bolt (called a "PT" bolt, lacks rollers) used for firing 7.62×51mm ammunition with plastic bullets, a conversion kit used for training with .22 Long Rifle ammunition and a sound suppressor (that uses standard ammunition).

Variants

The G3 served as a basis for many other weapons, among them: the PSG1 and MSG90 precision rifles, the HK11 and HK21 family of light machine guns, a semi-automatic version known as the HK41, a "sporterized" model called the SR9 (designed for the civilian market in countries where the HK91 would not qualify, primarily the US after the 1989 importation restrictions) and the MC51 carbine.
 * G3: Original model based on the CETME Model 58 introduced in 1959 and approved in 1960. It had a wooden stock and handguard.
 * G3A1: G3 approved in 1963 with a single-position, retractable stock sliding in grooves pressed in the sides of the body, locked by a catch under the special bodycap. This design was chosen after earlier experimentation with an MP-40 style ventrally-folding metal stock; excessive recoil caused it to be dropped from consideration.
 * G3A2: G3 developed in 1962 with new rotating drum rear sight and a Freischwinger (FS) free-floating barrel that significantly improved accuracy.
 * G3A3: The most well known 1963 version. Drum sights with an improved front sight, a flash-suppressor/muzzle brake capable of firing NATO standard grenades, a fixed solid plastic buttstock, and a plastic handguard that does not contact the free-floating barrel. The handguard came in a slim, ventilated version and a wide version. The latter allows for the attachment of a bipod.
 * G3A3A1: This is a version of the G3A3 with an ambidextrous trigger group and brass deflector. This is an official German Army designation, not an HK factory one.
 * G3A4: The G3A4 uses drum sights and a single position, retractable stock. Entered service in 1974 for frontline infantry units.
 * G3A4A1: This is a variant of the G3A4 with an ambidextrous trigger group and brass deflector. This is an official German Army designation, not an HK factory one.
 * G3KA4: Smallest of the line, it is a Karabiner, or carbine version of the G3. It uses an HK33 handguard, features drum sights, a retractable stock, and a 315 mm barrel (reduced in length to the base of the front sight post), that is too short for use with a bayonet or rifle grenades.
 * G3KA4A1: Variant of the G3KA4 with a polymer grip assembly, ambidextrous trigger group and brass deflector. This is an official German Army designation, not an HK factory one.

Models made under license
The G3 rifle is or was produced under license in the following countries: Pakistan, Brazil, Iran, France, Greece, Norway, Mexico, Myanmar, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Turkey.

The Pakistani manufacturer, Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) uses the same model number for both automatic versions as well as versions of different manufacturing that are made as semi automatic for the civilian market. POF's definition of the civilian versions are "Semi Auto Irreversible".

 * G3A3: Model number for Pakistani-made version of G3A3, manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * G3P4: Model number for Pakistani-made version of G3A4, manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * G3A5: HK assigned model number for the HK-made Danish version of the G3A3. It differs in that it has a silent bolt-closure device. In Danish service it is known as the Gv M/66. The Gv M/66 was originally intended for use with optics as a designated marksman rifle, while the rest of the squad were issued M1 Garands.
 * G3A6: HK assigned model number for the Iranian-made version of the G3A3. It differs in having a dark-green handguard, stock, and trigger pack.
 * G3A7: HK assigned model number for the Turkish-made version of the G3A3.
 * G3A7A1: HK assigned model number for the Turkish-made version of the G3A4.
 * HSG1: HK assigned model number for the Luxembourg-made version of the G3A3.
 * BA63: Model number for Myanmar-made version of original G3 (with wooden stock, handguard and flip sight)

Denmark

 * Gv M/75: Variant leased from the German Bundeswehr / German government by the Danish government to replace the aging M1 Garands. Originally manufactured by either Rheinmetall or HK for the German Bundeswehr. The Gv M/75 rifles are basically G3s with the old style straight cocking tube as opposed to the later FS (Freischwinger, "Cantilevered") variant. The Rheinmetall versions lack an external selector lever and can be converted from semi-automatic to full automatic (or vice versa) by the use of a special tool.

Myanmar

 * BA63 (Burma Army): Licensed produced G3 by Myanmar stated owned KaPaSa factories in partnership with Fritz Werner Industry Ausrustungen-Gmbh (FRG) and the German Technical Corporation Agency with licensing rights sold by 1960 with the first 10,000 G3s bought from West Germany (through Rheinmetall) before Burmese factories went operational due to fears that it could align with East Germany. It was the main battle rifle for Myanmar armed forces until they were replaced by MA series 5.56mm assault rifles in 1995. The BA63 is still in service with Myanmar Police Force, People's Militia and ethnic Border Guard Forces.
 * BA64: Typically known as the G4 in Myanmar armed forces, this is the heavy barreled light machine gun (LMG) version of standard G3A3 with bipod, carrying handle and full metal hand-guard with ventilation ports. Produced by KaPaSa factories in partnership with Fritz Werner Industry Ausrustungen-Gmbh (FRG). As standard, a pair of G4s were issued to every infantry section in the Myanmar Army.  It has now been phased out from in favour of the MA series light machine guns. The BA64 remained in service with Myanmar Police Force, People's Militia and ethnic Border Guard Forces.
 * BA72: Typicallt known as G2 in Myanmar. Assault carbine version of G3A4/G3K with shorter barrel and wooden stock.
 * BA100: A copy of the G3A3ZF sniper rifle.

Norway

 * AG-3: Norwegian G3A5 variant produced by Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk, with the given name Automatgevær 3. A total of 253,497 units were produced for the Norwegian Armed Forces from 1967 to 1974. The Norwegian AG-3 differs from the original G3; it has a buttstock that is approx. 2 cm longer, the bolt carrier has a serrated thumb groove to aid in silent bolt closure, it features an all-metal cocking handle and a different bayonet mount. Throughout Autumn 2020, the Norwegian home guard began to replace the AG-3 with the Heckler & Koch HK416 and MP7, a transition which is planned to see completion by the end of the year.
 * AG-3F1: An AG-3 with a retractable stock as on G3A4. Produced by Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk. A retractable stock was required by certain groups of soldiers within the Norwegian Armed Forces, primarily vehicle crews with limited space inside, particularly where a quick disembarkment from such a vehicle is required. All versions of the AG-3 have the ability to attach a 40 mm HK79 grenade launcher.
 * AG-3F2: An improvement of the AG-3F1, featuring B&T Picatinny rails on the receiver, as well as a RIS handguard. On the AG-3F2, Aimpoint red dot sights were mounted onto the receiver top rail for faster quick acquisition, and easier aiming in low-light conditions.

Sweden

 * Ak 4: Swedish-made version of the G3A3, with a buttstock that is 2 cm longer, the bolt carrier has a serrated thumb groove to aid in silent bolt closure and fitted with a heavy buffer for higher number of rounds fired before failure. The iron sights feature extended 200 - 500 m sight adjustments in 100 m increments, because the 500 m hit probability met Swedish military doctrine. The rifles were manufactured from 1965 to 1970 by both Carl Gustafs stads gevärsfaktori and Husqvarna Vapenfabriks and from 1970 until the end of production in 1985 – exclusively by Carl Gustaf in Eskilstuna. All Ak 4s are adapted to mount the M203 grenade launcher. Sweden has supplied unmodified Ak 4s to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
 * Ak 4OR: Optiskt Riktmedel, optical sight. This model is fitted with a Hensoldt 4×24 telescopic sight mounted via a HK claw mount. During a few years it was not issued but it is now again in use by the Hemvärnet - Nationella skyddsstyrkorna ("Swedish Home Guard").
 * Ak 4B: In this updated version the iron sights have been removed and replaced with an Aimpoint CS red-dot reflex sight mounted on a Picatinny rail. The rail is welded onto the rifle. Used by Hemvärnet - Nationella skyddsstyrkorna ("Swedish Home Guard").
 * Ak 4C: An updated version of the Ak 4B with an adjustable-length stock designed and manufactured by the Swedish company Spuhr i Dalby AB. Fielded in 2017 and used by Hemvärnet - Nationella skyddsstyrkorna ("Swedish Home Guard").
 * Ak 4D: An updated version of the Ak 4B with the adjustable-length stock of the Ak 4C but with the addition of a modular handguard (also designed and manufactured by the Swedish company Spuhr i Dalby AB) and the Hensoldt 4×24 telescopic sight of the Ak 4OR in a Picatinny mount. The Ak 4D will be used by the Swedish Army as a stop-gap DMR.

Iran

 * DIO G3-A3 Bullpup: Iranian bullpup variant of the G3.

Pakistan
The Pakistani models are manufactured in both automatic and civilian semi automatic versions sharing the same model number.
 * G3A3: Pakistan Ordnance Factories designation for license-produced G3A3 rifles. Manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * G3P4: Pakistan Ordnance Factories designation for license-produced G3A4 rifles. Manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * G3S: A version of G3P3 with a shorter barrel. Manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * G3M-Tactical: A light weight version of G3 rifle with polymer body and shorter barrel. Manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.
 * AZB (DMR): A high precision version of G3 rifle with extended barrel length and mill std. picatinny rail as rifle scope mount. Manufactured in two different versions; automatic or semi automatic.

United Kingdom

 * F.R. Ordnance MC51 Machine Carbine: Produced by the United Kingdom firm F.R. Ordnance International Ltd. The MC51 weighs 3.1 kg, has a folded overall length of 625 mm, a barrel length of only 230 mm, which produces a muzzle velocity of approx. 690 m/s and a muzzle energy of 2215 J. Another UK-based company called Imperial Defence Services Ltd. absorbed FR Ordnance and continues to market the MC51 standard variant.

Specialized G3 types

 * G3TGS: This is simply a G3 with a 40 mm HK79 under-barrel grenade launcher. TGS stands for Tragbares Granat System  ("portable grenade system").
 * G3A3ZF: This is a rifle issued with a STANAG claw-and rail scope bracket and a Hensoldt Fero Z24 4×24 telescopic sight to be mounted and zeroed by the user. The ZF stands for Zielfernrohr ("Telescopic Sight"). The Hensoldt Fero Z24 4×24 telescope sight for G3 rifle and claw mount assembly were developed for designated marksman use. The Fero Z24 elevation knob features Bullet Drop Compensation (BDC) settings for 100 - 600 m in 100 m increments calibrated for 7.62×51mm NATO ball ammunition. The G3A3ZF is otherwise a standard G3A3 that during factory test shooting printed a 5-shot group of 80 mm (0.8 mil/2.75 MOA) diameter or less.
 * G3SG/1: A modified/accurized rifle for sharpshooter/sniper use introduced in 1972. The "SG" stands for Scharfschützengewehr ("Sharpshooting Rifle"). The rifles were individually selected from the G3 production line for outstanding accuracy during test-firing and then modified. G3SG/1 rifles got a heavy, dual-stage buffer, fixed mounted, Zeiss Diavari-DA 1.5-6×36 power telescopic sight and STANAG claw mount assembly mounted. The standard trigger was exchanged for an adjustable set-trigger pack assembly with a 25 N trigger pull and 12.5 N in the set operation mode, the buttstock has a slightly adjustable auxiliary cheek riser, and the lengthened handguard has an integrated bipod. The Zeiss Diavari-DA 1.5-6×36 was windage adjustable and had an elevation knob featuring Bullet Drop Compensation (BDC) settings for 10 - 600 m. For the sub 100 m ranges the BDC numbers are yellow. The BDC numbers for the longer ranges are white and in 100 m increments.  The automatic fire mode was retained but the set-trigger mode could only be used for semi-automatic firing.
 * MSG3: A variant introduced in 1988 featuring a 600 mm long barrel, a newer telescopic sight mount that is found on only a few of the Heckler & Koch rifles, as compared to the more conventional claw mounts, though the claw mounting points remain on the receiver. This newer telescopic sight mount does not allow the use of the open sights with the mount in place, as is the case with the more conventional claw mount. The receiver is not strengthened. In addition to the G3SG/1 the buttstock has an auxiliary cheek riser and its length is adjustable and features the PSG1 semi-automatic only trigger pack. MSG stands for Militärisches Scharfschützen Gewehr ("Military Sniper Rifle").
 * MSG90: A somewhat cheaper and lighter 600 mm long barrel version of the PSG1 modified for military sniping/designated marksman applications. The MSG90 and PSG1 have different trigger packs.
 * PSG1: A free-floating 650 mm long barrel semi-automatic only version of the G3 introduced in 1985 with a strengthened receiver with rails welded over the channels where a retractable buttstock would slide and numerous other upgrades and such to meet the necessities of police sniper units. This rifle is famous for its accuracy and comfort, but infamous for its price and inability to be deployed by military units because some upgrades made the rifle too fragile. PSG stands for Präzisionsscharfschützengewehr ("Precision Sniper Rifle").
 * HK32: An experimental variant of the rifle chambered for the Soviet 7.62×39mm M43 cartridge. It was never wholly adopted by any country.

Law enforcement and civilian models

 * G3A1*: The terminology used by custom gunsmiths (e.g., Choate) and importers (e.g., Interarms) for imported semi-automatic G3 weapons with an aftermarket side-folding stock. This is not part of official HK nomenclature.
 * HK41: The HK41 is a semi-automatic version of the G3 that was marketed to law-enforcement. Limited sales at home and US import restrictions and firearms regulations led this weapon to be dropped from HK's product line quickly and it was replaced by the HK91.
 * Fleming Arms HK51: Contrary to popular belief, the HK51 is not made by H&K, being a creation of the American Class II manufacturing after-market. The HK51 has no real standards, but is usually a cut down and modified G3A3, or its semi-automatic clones the HK41 and HK91, modified to take MP5 stock and accessories. It is usually fitted with a collapsible stock; with a 211 mm (8.31-inch) long barrel; it is relatively small at 589 mm (23.17 inches) with the stock retracted and 780 mm (30.72 inches) with the stock extended. The first commercial version was by Bill Fleming of Fleming Arms and existed before Heckler & Koch made the HK53.
 * HK91: The HK91 is a semi-automatic version of the G3 similar to the HK41, also marketed to civilians. However, in order to comply with US firearm regulations a number of modifications to the HK91 were made that do not appear on the first pattern HK41. Internal parts that could allow fully automatic fire were removed. A shelf was welded onto the receiver where the push-pin of the trigger pack would normally go, to prevent installation of a fully automatic trigger pack. This did not allow the use of the paddle style magazine release and so the magazine release button on the right side of the magazine well must be used instead. It is otherwise identical to the G3A3/A4. Importation into the United States began in 1974 and ceased in 1989, with some 48,000 rifles being imported.
 * HK911: The HK911 was an HK91A2 with the flash hider removed and the receiver re-stamped with an extra 1 to comply with the US importation ban of 1989. The new designation theoretically made it legally immune to the Import Ban, as no "HK911" rifles were mentioned on the list of banned guns. However, the later banning of several "paramilitary" features on the HK911 made it illegal.
 * SR9: These variants of the HK91ZF were created to comply with the Semi-Auto Import Ban of 1989, which included all variants of the HK91. They differed from the HK91 in that they had their flash hiders removed and featured a smooth forend that lacked the bipod attachment point. The SR9 series were banned from importation to the United States because they could accept standard-capacity magazines. The SR9 was an HK91A2ZF with the pistol grip and buttstock replaced with a one-piece thumbhole stock.
 * SR9 (T): The (T), or "Target", model was an HK91A2ZF with the trigger replaced with the PSG-1 model, the pistol grip replaced with an ergonomic PSG-1 grip and the buttstock replaced with an MSG90 model.
 * SR9 (TC): The (TC), or "Target Competition", model was an HK91A2ZF with the trigger group, pistol grip and buttstock derived from the PSG-1.

Other manufacturers

 * PTR Industries 91 Series: PTR Industries is manufacturing semi-automatic copies of the HK G3 called the PTR 91. They use tooling from the FMP arms factory in Portugal to build the rifles.
 * Century International Arms: Century Arms builds a clone of the CETME C (similar to a G3) under the designation C308.
 * SAR-3: Semi-automatic copy of the HK-91 made by Hellenic Defence Systems in Greece and imported into the United States by Springfield Armory.
 * SAR-8: Post-ban version of SAR-3, modified with a thumbhole stock and shipped with 10-round magazines to comply with import restrictions.
 * Schwaben Arms: Civilian clones for the German market called M41.
 * MKE: MKEK made a clone known as the T41.
 * LuxDefTec: Luxembourgish clones of the G3 designated HSG41.

Active

 * 🇦🇫 Afghanistan: Iranian and Turkish-made G3s
 * 🇦🇴 Angola
 * 🇦🇷 Argentina: Grupo Halcón (Buenos Aires Police Special Operations Group)
 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain
 * 🇧🇩 Bangladesh: G3A3, G3A4 & G3/SG-1 variants are in service.
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: Seized rifles used in limited numbers by the Rio de Janeiro Civil Police. G3A3, G3A4 and G3SG1 used by special forces. G3A4 and G3SG1 used by police forces. G3SG1 used by BOPE.
 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain
 * 🇧🇴 Bolivia
 * 🇧🇼 Botswana
 * Brunei
 * 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso: French-made G3s
 * 🇧🇮 Burundi
 * 🇨🇲 Cameroon
 * 🇹🇩 Chad
 * 🇨🇱 Chile
 * Republic of Congo: Used by Cocoye militia during Congo Civil War
 * 🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire: French-made G3s
 * 🇨🇾 Cyprus
 * 🇩🇯 Djibouti
 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
 * 🇸🇻 El Salvador
 * 🇪🇪 Estonia: Uses the Ak4 and AG-3F2 variant.
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia
 * 🇬🇦 Gabon: French-made G3s
 * Hec kler & Koch G3 with Night Vision.jpg G3 fitted with a FERO-Z51 night vision optic]]🇩🇪 Germany: Used by the German Army from the 1950s until the mid-1990s as the primary service rifle. Originally to be replaced by the HK G41 and HK G11, post-reunification budget cuts forced the procurement of the HK G36 instead. Large numbers still in storage, and is used in overseas deployments as a designated marksman rifle. Some variants still in use by border guards and police forces.
 * 🇬🇭 Ghana Gas mask greek.jpg soldiers in NBC gear with Greek-made G3s]]
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: The HK G3A3 replaced the American M1 Garand in the late 1970s and manufactured under license by Hellenic Defence Systems
 * 🇬🇾 Guyana
 * 🇭🇹 Haiti
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland: AG-3 supplied from Norway
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia: TNI-AU (Indonesian Air Force) Special Forces (the Korps Pasukan Khas (Paskhas)) used the G3 as their standard weapon along with the AK-47 since the early '60s during Operation Trikora campaign in Western New Guinea conflict. It was replaced by the Colt M16A3. The G3 is currently used in reserve and training units.
 * 🇮🇷 Iran: Manufactured locally by Defense Industries Organization as the G3A6. A bullpup variant is called the G3-A3.
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq
 * Kurdistan: 8,000 rifles
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * 🇯🇴 Jordan
 * 🇰🇪 Kenya
 * 🇱🇻 Latvia: Ak4 variant used by National Guard, Being replaced by G36
 * 🇰🇼 Kuwait
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon: French-made G3s
 * 🇱🇾 Libya
 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania: Ak4 variant was used by the Lithuanian Armed Forces and Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces.
 * 🇲🇼 Malawi
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia: The Malaysian Army and Royal Malaysia Police used the G3A4 as their standard weapon along with HK33 since the early 1970s during Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–89). The G3/SG-1 used by the sniper teams of both the military and police special forces. It was replaced by the Colt M16A1. The G3/SG-1 is currently used in reserve and paramilitary units
 * 🇲🇷 Mauritania – French-made G3s
 * 🇲🇺 Mauritius: Former main battle rifle of the Military of Mauritius. Kept in reserve for training. Still in use in limited amount with the anti-riot police.
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico: Made under license by Departamento de la Industria Militar, Dirección General de Fábricas de la Defensa, slowly being replaced by the FX-05 Xiuhcoatl
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco Raising the flag in Swat - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg at the highest point in the Swat valley on May 12, 2009]]
 * 🇲🇲 Myanmar
 * 🇳🇪 Niger: French-made G3s
 * 🇳🇬 Nigeria: Produced under license by Defense Industries Corporation
 * 🇳🇴 Norway: Locally produced variant designated AG-3. In service with the Norwegian Army from 1968 to 2008. Largely phased out in the Home Guard (HV), only used by HVU units at this time.
 * 🇵🇰 Pakistan: Locally produced by Pakistan Ordnance Factories in G3P4 designation
 * 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * 🇵🇹: Starting in 1962, it was made in Portugal under license by the Fábrica do Braço de Prata. The Portuguese Marine Corps use a modernized version of the G3A3/A4 with kit Spuhr and Aimpoint CompM4 red dot sight.
 * 🇶🇦 Qatar
 * 🇷🇴 Romania
 * 🇷🇼 Rwanda
 * Saudi Soldier with G3.JPEG]]🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia: Made under license by the Military Industries Corporation, General Organization for Military Industries in Alkharj
 * 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone: 8,000 received from the UK and Nigeria during the 1970s and the 1980s. Some Iranian-made G3s have also been recovered.
 * 🇸🇴 Somalia
 * 🇸🇳 Senegal – French-made G3s
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia: Used by Special Forces
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa: Used by Special Forces
 * 🇸🇩 Sudan: Made under license by Military Industry Corporation as the Dinar
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden: Made by three manufacturers, Heckler & Koch in Germany, and under license by Husqvarna Vapenfabrik (1965–70) and Carl Gustaf Gevärsfaktori (1965–80) which was later renamed to Förenade Fabriksverken (FFV) as the Ak 4 (Automatkarbin 4). Two sub-variants are known to exist, one equipped with a rail and Aimpoint sight (Ak4 B) and the other with a 4× magnifying optic, the Hensoldt ZF4×24 (Ak 4OR). It has since been replaced by the Ak 5 (Automatkarbin 5; a modified version of the FN FNC) in the regular army. Ak 4B and Ak 4OR, some times in combination with the M203 grenade launcher, is still in use in Hemvärnet – Nationella skyddsstyrkorna ("Swedish Home Guard"). About 5,000 units will receive a new adjustable stock from 2016. In December 2020, Tidningen Hemvärnet announced that every soldier in the Home Guard would receive the new adjustable stock AK4C variant before the end of 2022.
 * 🇸🇾 – G3A3 and G3A4s used as designated marksman rifle by Republican Guard.
 * 🇹🇿 Tanzania
 * 🇹🇬 Togo
 * 🇹🇬 Togo
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey: Made under license by Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu (MKEK) ("Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation") as the G3A7 and G3A7A1. A local version called the M65 was produced between 1966 and 1983. During the 1980s it was gradually replaced by the M79, a locally produced version of the HK-33 assault rifle.
 * 🇺🇬 Uganda
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: 1,000 G3A3/4s sent by Portugal as part of a military package in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The number of G3s sent was revealed in an interview with Commander Silva Pinto held during the military parade on Portugal Day.
 * 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: Many versions of the G3 were used by the SAS and UKSF like the G3K and MC51. The G3KA4 was designated L100A1 by the British Army.
 * 🇾🇪 Yemen: Yemeni Republican Guard and the Yemeni Special guard.
 * 🇿🇲 Zambia
 * 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe

Former

 * 🇨🇴 Colombia: Originally in 1975, Heckler and Koch sold to Indumil the manufacturing license for the G3, the MP5 submachine gun, and the HK21 machine gun. Replaced in service by IMI Galil.
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark: G3A5, as the Gevær Model 1966 (Gv M/66). Another variant, designated Gevær Model 1975 (Gv M/75) was leased from the German government. All G3s in Danish service are being replaced by the Diemaco C7 (Gv m/95), and Diemaco C8 (Gv m/96).
 * Georgia: Turkish made G3s used by Special Forces.
 * 🇱🇸 Lesotho
 * Exercise TRIDENT JUNCTURE (22778497686).jpg🇵🇹 Portugal: G3A3 and A4 versions. The G3 was the standard-issued rifle of the [[Portuguese Army]] from 1963-2020, manufactured under license by Fábrica de Braço de Prata before it shut down. In 2019, it was replaced by FN SCAR L rifles.
 * Rhodesia: Portuguese built G3s were used by auxiliary or reserve units of the Rhodesian Security Forces
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa: 100,000 FMP-manufactured surplus G3 rifles were bought from Portugal and designated the R2 Rifle. It was the standard-issue rifle of the South African Marine Corps and South African Air Force, as well within the South West African Territorial Force as a substitute for the R1 Rifle (FN FAL) until it was replaced by the R4 assault rifle in the 1980s The rifle's stock would soon break down in the heat and become loose, so a replacement stock made of a tough polymer was made by Choate Machine & Tool. The forend had recesses for a bipod's legs and the FAL-style polymer buttstock had a rubber buttplate.
 * 🇺🇸 United States Used by the US Army Rangers in the mid 1970s and by the US Navy Seals from 1980. NSN 1005-12-140-9436
 * Zaire

Non-state users

 * Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (in Democratic Republic of Congo)
 * Provisional Irish Republican Army Badge.svg Provisional IRA: 100 stolen from Norwegian Reserve base near Oslo, 1984
 * ISIL
 * Lord Resistance Army
 * People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
 * Revolutionary United Front
 * Revolutionary Organization 17 November
 * Mexican cartels

1960s

 * Internal conflict in Myanmar (1948–present)
 * Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974)
 * Papua conflict (1962–present)
 * The Troubles (Late 1960s–1998)
 * Colombian conflict (1964–present)
 * Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979)
 * Indo-Pakistani War (1965)
 * South African Border War (1966–1990)
 * Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970)
 * Football War (1969)

1970s

 * Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
 * Indo-Pakistani War (1971)
 * Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)
 * Nicaraguan Revolution (1978–1990)
 * Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
 * Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)

1980s

 * Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
 * Seychelles coup d'état attempt (1981)
 * Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)
 * Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (1987–present)
 * First Liberian Civil War (1989–1997)

1990s

 * Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)
 * Gulf War (1990–1991); saw limited combat use
 * Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001)
 * Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)
 * Kargil War (1999)

2000s

 * War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)
 * Iraq War (2003–2011)
 * Kivu conflict (2004–present)
 * Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)
 * Somali Civil War (2009–present)

2010s

 * Militias-Comando Vermelho Conflict (2010-present)
 * Libyan conflict (2011–present)
 * Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
 * South Sudanese Civil War (2013-2020)
 * Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)

2020s

 * Russian invasion of Ukraine Myanmar civil war (2021–present)

title: Heckler & Koch G3


text:
Mikkyō

In Japanese Buddhism, mikkyō (密教, from himitsu bukkyō, literally "secret Buddhism") or Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, is the lineage of Vajrayana transmitted to Japan, primarily in the early Heian by Kūkai, and to a later extent by Saichō and his successors such as Ennin. It consists of complex systems of icons, meditative rituals, and ritual languages; distinct from the exoteric (, 顕経) schools.

Mikkyō is descended most recently from the Chinese Tangmi tradition, especially the dual mandala system taught by Huiguo, itself derived from Indo-Chinese tantric masters such as Amoghavajra. Shingon focuses almost exclusively on esotericism, while Tendai views exoteric and esoteric doctrines as complementary. Shugendo is a syncretic tradition which integrates mikkyō with Shintō and Taoist practices. Esoteric practices are diffused throughout the Japanese Buddhist tradition in various forms outside of these schools.

Mikkyō has been influential in Japanese culture and history, shifting aristocratic court culture away from the Confucian ritsuryō political structure, and contributing to the development of Japanese literature through waka and the development of the kana syllabary.

History
In older Chinese literature, the term esoteric is used rhetorically to "designate what this or that writer feels is superior or best in the tradition." Aaron Proffitt argues that "'Esoteric Buddhism' can be taken as a synonym for Mahayana Buddhism itself" in particular contexts, where it takes a polemical rather than descriptive function. The "esoteric" appellation was applied Mahayana to distinguish it from other vehicles as early as the 5th century. The Dà zhìdù lùn (Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom) distinguishes between esoteric (mimi, 祕密) and exoteric (xianshi, 顯示) Buddhadharma:

In the exoteric [form], the Buddha,, and are all fields of merit since their defilements have been exhausted without residue. In the esoteric [form], it is explained that bodhisattvas attain the acquiescence to the nonproduction of the dharmas...

In the 9th century Kūkai introduced his own esoteric-exoteric taxonomy, theorizing the esoteric as always-already present in the exoteric teachings, while simultaneously the consummation and highest form of those teachings. He similarly presents Shingon as "vajrayana of secrecy", separate from both the Mahayana and Hinayana teachings. Kūkai used a number of other terms for his lineage, such as the "mantra treasury" and kongōjō (金剛乗), literally "vajra vehicle". Taimitsu (台密) and Tōmitsu refer to the esoteric lineages of Tendai and Shingon respectively. Historically, shingon was largely interchangeable with mikkyō; sources often refer to Tendai esotericism as "the shingon of the Tendai lineages."

Elements such as mantra, dharani, and various esoteric texts were already present in Japan before Kūkai. Dōshō, Dōji, Simsang, Kaimei, and other clerics introduced esoteric sutras to Japan before the Heian era. Ōya Tokujō used the term nanmitsu (南密) to refer to this Nara-period esotericism.In the 17th century, sectarian scholars began distinguishing between zomitsu and junmitsu, or "miscellaneous esotericism" and "pure esotericism" respectively, to describe the disparate, diffused esoteric elements versus the highly-structured approach of the Shingon and Tendai schools. This distinction was introduced by the Tokugawa priest Ekō (1666-1734). Ryuichi Abe is critical of this taxonomy, noting that Kūkai himself imported various zomitsu scriptures, while the junmistu Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra, understood as the primary source of Kūkai's school, was already circulating in Japan before Kūkai's first travels to China.

Theory and practice
Scholarly approaches to mikkyō often stress the attainment of Buddhahood "in this very body" (sokushin jōbutsu, 即身成佛), or within one's lifetime. This is achieved through the practice of the "Three Mysteries" (sanmi, 三密) of mudra, mantra, and mandala. These correspond to body, speech, and mind respectively. The Three Mysteries "awaken beings to the true nature of reality" which is constituted by the identity of all things with Mahāvairocana. This is a "process of mutual interpenetration" referred to as nyū ga gan yū (入我我入, "entering me, me entering").

Dual-mandala system
Kūkai introduced the integrated practice of the "Womb realm mandala" (Sanskrit: Mahākaruṇā-garbhodbhava-maṇḍala, 胎藏界曼荼羅) and the "Vajra realm mandala" (Sanskrit: Vajradhātu-maṇḍala, 金剛界曼荼羅) to Japan from Huiguo. These mandalas correspond, respectively, to the Mahāvairocana and the Vajraśekhara sutras.

Abhiṣeka
Abhiṣeka (kanjō) is a "ritual of passage" which initiates a student into esoteric practice, based on classical and medieval coronation rites.

Ajikan
Ajikan (阿字觀) is a form of ritual meditation on the Siddham syllable "A", the seed syllable (Skt. bīja mantra) for Vairocana. Kukai's Precious Key to the Secret Treasury gives a brief overview of the practice:

Visualize: a white lotus flower with eight petals, [above which is a full moon disc] the size of a forearm in diameter, [in which is] a radiant silvery letter A. Unite your dhyāna with prajñā in an adamantine binding; Draw the quiescent prajñā of the tathāgata [into your mind].

Influence
Mikkyō "functioned as a practical technology that had a direct bearing on medieval politics and economy". Fabio Rambelli interprets mikkyō "as an ensemble of knowledge [...] implemented through interpretive strategies, repertoires of metaphors, and a general structuring of knowledge."

Buddhism justified writing in the Japanese language, whereas earlier periods favored Classical Chinese. Medieval Mikkyō understood native Japanese poetry as sacred literature analogous to mantras, and many prominent waka poets, such as Henjō and  Saigyō, were Esoteric Buddhist clergy. Kūkai is traditionally attributed with the invention of the syllabary and composing the. Ton'a relates a legend (among many circulating in medieval Japan) that Kūkai developed the kana to facilitate the work of carpenters who were building the stupa at Mount Koya. While certainly apocryphal, "the systematic importation of Sanskrit...encouraged the emergence of the native script of kana characters", the derivation of the gojūon from siddhaṃ "point[s] to the reason underlying the belief widespread in the medieval period that Kūkai was the inventor of the kana syllabary."

title: Mikkyō