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Mississauga IceDogs

The Mississauga IceDogs were a junior ice hockey team in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Ontario Hockey League from 1998 to 2007. A sale relocated the team to St. Catharines, Ontario for the 2007–08 season and they are now called the Niagara IceDogs.

History
From 1998 to 2002, the IceDogs enjoyed little success, finishing last in the OHL's Central Division every year. During this building phase, the team had six head coaches within the span of 4 years, including the owner, Don Cherry. Mississauga drafted first overall each year, leading to two rookies of the year, including one of the highest touted NHL prospects in Jason Spezza.

In the 2002–03 season, the IceDogs finished fourth in the Central Division and made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, but lost in the first round in five games against the Ottawa 67's.

2003–04 was the IceDogs' best season. The team finished second in the Central Division, two points behind the division champion Toronto St. Michael's Majors, and third overall in the Eastern Conference.

In the first round of the playoffs, the IceDogs defeated the Oshawa Generals in seven games, winning their first-ever playoff series. The IceDogs were down three games to two against the Barrie Colts in the second round but managed to come back and win the series in seven games. The surprise IceDogs then upset the St. Michael's Majors in the Eastern Conference Championship series in six games to win the Bobby Orr Trophy and earn their first-ever trip to the Ontario Hockey League finals. The dream ended there as they fell to the Guelph Storm in four straight games in the OHL final, losing the fourth game at the Hershey Centre.

The 2004–05 season was another record setting season for the IceDogs. They won their first ever Central Division title and finished first in the Eastern Conference with 81 points. Despite regular season success, the IceDogs were upset in the first round of the playoffs by the eighth-seeded St. Michael's Majors in five games. In 2005–06, the IceDogs started rebuilding and missed the playoffs again.

Change in ownership
On July 12, 2006, Eugene Melnyk, owner of the Toronto St. Michael's Majors and the NHL's Ottawa Senators, bought the Mississauga IceDogs. After the 2006–07 season, Melnyk sold the IceDogs, and moved the Majors to the Hershey Centre in Mississauga. On January 8, 2007, Toronto businessman Tom Bitove proposed to buy the team with plans to move to Niagara Falls, but city council declined the proposal to build a new arena. As an alternative, the team approached the City of St. Catharines about moving the team into Jack Gatecliff Arena in the downtown core. St. Catharines City Council voted on a leasing arrangement on April 23, 2007, which passed. Bill Burke bought the IceDogs and relocated the team to St. Catharines in time for the 2007–08 season, to be known as the Niagara IceDogs. The IceDogs played their final game in Mississauga on April 1, 2007, losing in game 5 of the Eastern Conference quarterfinals at home to the Sudbury Wolves.

Championships
Bobby Orr Trophy Eastern Conference Champions
 * 2004 playoffs

Emms Trophy Central Division Champions
 * 2004–05 regular season

Coaches
Former team owner and hockey commentator Donald S. Cherry stepped behind the bench to coach the IceDogs for the 2001–02 season, after going through five coaches in three years. The team had its best season to the date, but still failed to reach the playoffs. The IceDogs were one of the highest-selling road teams in the OHL that year, as many spectators attended games to see Don Cherry coach and seek autographs. • 1998–99 Peter Sturgeon & Jim Hulton

• 1999–2000 J.Hulton, Geoff Ward & Steve Cherry

• 2000–01 Rick Vaive

• 2001–02 Don Cherry

• 2002–03 Steve Ludzik

• 2003–06 Greg Gilbert (3 seasons)

• 2006–07 Mike Kelly

Players
The Mississauga IceDogs had the first overall draft pick four years in a row, which produced two rookies of the year, and a total of ten alumni have played in the National Hockey League.

Award winners
CHL Rookie of the Year
 * 2001–02 Patrick O'Sullivan

Emms Family Award OHL Rookie of the Year
 * 2001–02 Patrick O'Sullivan
 * 2002–03 Rob Schremp

Jack Ferguson Award First Overall Draft Pick
 * 1999 Jason Spezza
 * 2000 Patrick Jarrett
 * 2001 Patrick O'Sullivan
 * 2002 Rob Schremp

OHL Goaltender of the Year
 * 2004–05 Michael Ouzas

NHL alumni
• Daniel Carcillo

• Greg Jacina

• Brian McGrattan

• Sean McMorrow

• Patrick O'Sullivan

• Kyle Quincey

• Igor Radulov

• Rob Schremp

• Jason Spezza

• Chad Wiseman

• Cody Bass

• Luca Caputi

• Dustin Jeffrey

• Alex Pietrangelo

• Oskar Osala

Regular season
Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs

 * 1998–99 Out of playoffs.
 * 1999–2000 Out of playoffs.
 * 2000–01 Out of playoffs.
 * 2001–02 Out of playoffs.
 * 2002–03 Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2003–04 Defeated Oshawa Generals 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Barrie Colts 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals. Defeated St. Michael's Majors 4 games to 2 in conference finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in finals.
 * 2004–05 Lost to St. Michael's Majors 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2005–06 Out of playoffs.
 * 2006–07 Lost to Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.

Uniforms and logos
The IceDogs' colours are red, white, black and silver. The logo is styled after Don Cherry's pet bull terrier named Blue. It shows a snarling dog overtop of the IceDogs name with a maple leaf in the background. The original logo (inset right) looked like an ice crystalized dog with red eyes in front of a big letter "M" with a maple leaf in the corner. The logo was redesigned after their 5th season with the change in ownership.

Arena
The Mississauga IceDogs played their home games at the Hershey Centre in northeast Mississauga, near the junction of Highways 401, 403 and 410. The Hershey Centre hosted the OHL All-Star Game in 2000.

 * Capacity = 5,420
 * Ice Size = 200' x 85'

 * Hershey Centre - The OHL Arena & Travel Guide

title: Mississauga IceDogs


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Guelph Storm

The Guelph Storm are a major junior ice hockey team based in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. They have played in the OHL since the 1991–92 season. The team plays home games at the Sleeman Centre.

History
The franchise started as the Toronto Marlboros, who moved to Hamilton to become the Dukes of Hamilton in 1989. Following the 1990–91 season, the franchise was relocated to Guelph and a contest was held to name the team. Tom Douglas submitted the winning entry "Storm" and the team was renamed the Guelph Storm.

The first year in Guelph was dismal, but the building process for Guelph was soon successful. The Storm finished first place in the 1994–95 season. General Manager Mike Kelly was voted the OHL Executive of the Year and Craig Hartsburg voted the Coach of the Year for the Canadian Hockey League and the Ontario Hockey League. Draft picks from the early years in Guelph include Jeff O'Neill and Todd Bertuzzi.

Guelph reached the OHL finals in 1995 and 1996. The team qualified for the 1996 Memorial Cup by playing against the Memorial Cup host Peterborough Petes in the OHL final.

The Storm won their first J. Ross Robertson Cup in 1998. This success continued into the Memorial Cup Tournament as the Storm rallied to the Championship Game where they lost to the Portland Winter Hawks in overtime in the final game.

In the year 2000, the team moved from the historic but aging Guelph Memorial Gardens into the Guelph Sports and Entertainment Centre (since renamed the Sleeman Centre). The Storm were selected to host the 2002 Memorial Cup tournament. It marked the team's third appearance in the national junior championship, their first as host team.

Two years later, the Storm won their second OHL Championship, and returned to the 2004 Memorial Cup hosted in Kelowna, British Columbia.

In the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, defenceman Drew Doughty was selected 2nd overall by the Los Angeles Kings, the highest ever selection of a Guelph Storm player.

In 2014, the Storm captured their third OHL Championship, and subsequently advanced to the 2014 Memorial Cup final, hosted in London, Ontario. The Edmonton Oil Kings won Cup championship on 25 May 2014 with a 6-3 win over the Storm.

In late April 2019, the team captured the Wayne Gretzky Trophy as 2019 OHL Western Conference Champions again winning the J. Ross Robertson Cup. On 12 May 2019, in the sixth game of the finals, the Storm defeated the Ottawa 67's to win the OHL championship and were again headed to the Memorial Cup, their sixth appearance, to start on 17 May in Halifax. Nick Suzuki (a Montreal Canadiens prospect) earned the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as OHL Playoff MVP. He was the third Storm player in the team's history to win this award.

In 2021,the team agreed to stop using the song Cotton Eye Joe by the group Rednex during games after consultation with local groups alleging the song has racist origins.

Championships
The Guelph Storm have appeared in the Memorial Cup tournament six times, won the J. Ross Robertson Cup four times, won the Hamilton Spectator Trophy four times, and have won five division titles.

Memorial Cup
 * 1996 Finished in 4th place
 * 1998 Lost to Portland Winter Hawks
 * 2002 Finished in 4th place
 * 2004 Finished in 4th place
 * 2014 Lost to Edmonton Oil Kings
 * 2019 Lost to Rouyn-Noranda Huskies

J. Ross Robertson Cup
 * 1995 Lost to Detroit Jr. Red Wings
 * 1996 Lost to Peterborough Petes
 * 1998 OHL Champions vs. Ottawa 67's
 * 2004 OHL Champions vs. Mississauga IceDogs
 * 2014 OHL Champions vs. North Bay Battalion
 * 2019 OHL Champions vs. Ottawa 67's

Wayne Gretzky Trophy
 * 2003–04, Western Conference Champions
 * 2013–14, Western Conference Champions
 * 2018–19, Western Conference Champions

Hamilton Spectator Trophy
 * 1994–95 47 W, 14 L, 5 T, 99 points
 * 1995–96 45 W, 16 L, 5 T, 95 points
 * 1997–98 42 W, 17 L, 6 T, 1 OTL, 91 points
 * 2013–14 52 W, 12 L, 4 OTL, 108 points

Division Trophies
 * 1994–95 Emms Trophy, Central Division
 * 1995–96 Emms Trophy, Central Division
 * 1997–98 Emms Trophy, Central Division
 * 1998–99 Holody Trophy, Midwest Division
 * 2013–14 Holody Trophy, Midwest Division

Head coaches
Guelph Storm head coaches have been awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy as the OHL coach-of-the-year twice in team history. Craig Hartsburg was awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy for the 1994–95 season, and was also voted the Canadian Hockey League coach-of-the-year the same year. Dave Barr won the Matt Leyden Trophy in 2005–06.

List of coaches with multiple seasons in parentheses. • 1991–1992 – Ron Ivany, Mike Kelly, Bill LaForge

• 1992–1994 – John Lovell (2)

• 1994–1995 – Craig Hartsburg

• 1995–1997 – E.J. McGuire (2)

• 1997–1998 – George Burnett (5)

• 1998–1999 – Geoff Ward

• 1999–2000 – Paul Gillis

• 2000–2002 – Jeff Jackson (3)

• 2002–2003 – Jeff Jackson, Shawn Camp

• 2003–2004 – Shawn Camp (2)

• 2004–2008 – Dave Barr (4)

• 2008–2010 – Jason Brooks (2)

• 2010 (interim) – Mike Kelly

• 2010–2015 – Scott Walker (5)

• 2015–2016 – Bill Stewart

• 2015 (interim) – Mike Kelly

• 2015–2017 – Jarrod Skalde (2)

• 2017–2022 – George Burnett (5)

• Sept.–Nov. 2022 – Scott Walker

• 2022–2024 – Chad Wiseman

• 2024–present – Cory Stillman

General managers
A Guelph Storm executive has won the OHL Executive of the Year on two occasions while the honour was awarded from 1990 to 2013. General manager Mike Kelly won the award in 1994–95 and team governor Rick Gaetz won the award in 2009–10.

List of General Managers with multiple seasons in parentheses.
 * 1991–1997 – Mike Kelly (12)
 * 1997–2003 – Alan Millar (6)
 * 2003–2008 – Dave Barr (5)
 * 2009–2010 – Jason Brooks
 * 2010–2016 – Mike Kelly
 * 2017–present – George Burnett (6)

Award winners

 * 1991-92 – Jeff O'Neill, Jack Ferguson Award (First Overall draft pick)
 * 1992–93 – Jeff O'Neill, Emms Family Award (Rookie of the Year)
 * 1993–94 – Jeff O'Neill, CHL Top Draft Prospect Award
 * 1994–95 – Jamie Wright, Bobby Smith Trophy (Scholastic Player of the Year)
 * 1994–95 – Mark McArthur and Andy Adams, Dave Pinkney Trophy (Lowest team GAA)
 * 1994–95 – Mike Kelly, OHL Executive of the Year
 * 1995–96 – Dan Cloutier and Brett Thompson, Dave Pinkney Trophy (Lowest team GAA)
 * 1995–96 – Brett Thompson, F.W. 'Dinty' Moore Trophy (Best rookie GAA)
 * 1995–96 – Jeff Williams, William Hanley Trophy (Most Sportsmanlike Player)
 * 1997–98 – Manny Malhotra, Bobby Smith Trophy (Scholastic Player of the Year)
 * 2000–01 – Craig Anderson, OHL Goaltender of the Year
 * 2000–01 – Dustin Brown, Bobby Smith Trophy (Scholastic Player of the Year)
 * 2001–02 – Dustin Brown, Bobby Smith Trophy (Scholastic Player of the Year)
 * 2002–03 – Dustin Brown, Canadian Hockey League Scholastic Player of the Year and Bobby Smith Trophy (Scholastic Player of the Year)
 * 2003–04 – Martin St. Pierre, Leo Lalonde Memorial Trophy (Overage Player of the Year)
 * 2003–04 – Martin St. Pierre, Wayne Gretzky 99 Award (Playoffs MVP)
 * 2005–06 – Ryan Callahan, Leo Lalonde Memorial Trophy (Overage Player of the Year)
 * 2007–08 – Drew Doughty, Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most Outstanding Defenceman)
 * 2008–09 – Tim Priamo, Roger Neilson Memorial Award (Top Academic College/University Player)
 * 2009–10 – Taylor Beck, Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy (Top Scoring Right Winger)
 * 2009-10 – Rick Gaetz, OHL Executive of the Year
 * 2010–11 – Matej Machovsky, F.W. 'Dinty' Moore Trophy (Best rookie GAA)
 * 2013–14 – Robby Fabbri, Wayne Gretzky 99 Award (Playoffs MVP)
 * 2013–14 – Adam Craievich, Ivan Tennant Memorial Award (Top Academic High School Student)
 * 2013–14 – Matt Finn, Mickey Renaud Captain's Trophy (Leadership Award)
 * 2014–15 – Justin Nichols, Roger Neilson Memorial Award (Top Academic College/University Player)
 * 2015-16 – Ryan Merkley, Jack Ferguson Award (First overall draft pick)
 * 2016–17 – Quinn Hanna, Ivan Tennant Memorial Award (Top Academic High School Student)
 * 2016–17 – Garrett McFadden, Dan Snyder Memorial Award (OHL Humanitarian of the Year)
 * 2016–17 – Ryan Merkley, Emms Family Award (Rookie of the Year)
 * 2017–18 – Garrett McFadden, Dan Snyder Memorial Award (OHL Humanitarian of the Year)
 * 2018–19 – Isaac Ratcliffe, Mickey Renaud Captain's Trophy (Leadership Award)
 * 2018–19 – Nick Suzuki, Wayne Gretzky 99 Award (Playoffs MVP)
 * 2018–19 – Nick Suzuki, William Hanley Trophy (Most Sportsmanlike Player)
 * 2018–19 – Zack Terry, Ivan Tennant Memorial Award (Top Academic High School Student)
 * 2019–20 – Nico Daws, OHL Goaltender of the Year
 * 2021-22 – Cameron Allen, Emms Family Award (Rookie of the Year)
 * 2023-24 – Jett Luchanko, William Hanley Trophy (Most Sportsmanlike Player)

NHL alumni
• Craig Anderson

• Jamie Arniel

• Eric Beaudoin

• Taylor Beck

• Chris Beckford-Tseu

• Ken Belanger

• Todd Bertuzzi

• Tyler Bertuzzi

• Dustin Brown

• Ryan Callahan

• Ben Chiarot

• Dan Cloutier

• Sylvain Cloutier

• Jeff Cowan

• Matt D'Agostini

• Kevin Dallman

• Nico Daws

• Jason Dickinson

• Drew Doughty

• Aaron Downey

• Sean Durzi

• MacKenzie Entwistle

• Robby Fabbri

• Daniel Girardi

• Chris Hajt

• Ben Harpur

• Dwayne Hay

• Cam Hillis

• Peter Holland

• Greg Jacina

• Cam Janssen

• Kevin Klein

• Scott Kosmachuk

• Michael Latta

• Manny Malhotra

• Kent McDonell

• Brock McGinn

• Brian McGrattan

• Ryan Merkley

• Zack Mitchell

• Rumun Ndur

• Jeff O'Neill

• Daniel Paille

• Richard Panik

• Ryan Parent

• Andrei Pedan

• Matthew Poitras

• Mike Prokopec

• Isaac Ratcliffe

• Tanner Richard

• Matt Ryan

• Kerby Rychel

• Dmitri Samorukov

• Givani Smith

• Garret Sparks

• Martin St. Pierre

• Charlie Stephens

• Alek Stojanov

• Pius Suter

• Nick Suzuki

• Daniel Taylor

• Alexey Toropchenko

• Fedor Tyutin

• Ryan VandenBussche

• Herbert Vasiljevs

• Brian Wesenberg

• Brian Willsie

• Jamie Wright

Honoured numbers
List of numbers retired/honoured by the Guelph Storm.
 * 18 – Paul Fendley (retired)
 * 24 – Ryan Callahan
 * 44 – Todd Bertuzzi
 * 92 – Jeff O'Neill

Hall of Famers
No former Guelph Storm members are currently in the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Regular season
Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs

 * 1991–92 – Out of playoffs.
 * 1992–93 – Lost to Detroit Jr. Red Wings 4 games to 1 in first round.
 * 1993–94 – Defeated London Knights 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Lost to S.S.Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in division semi-finals.
 * 1994–95 – First place in OHL. Earned first round bye. Defeated Owen Sound Platers 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals. Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 0 in semi-finals. Lost to Detroit Jr. Red Wings 4 games to 2 in finals.
 * 1995–96 – First place in OHL. Earned first round bye. Defeated Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals. Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 1 in semi-finals. Lost to Peterborough Petes 4 games to 3 in finals. Finished 4th place in Memorial Cup hosted by Peterborough Petes.
 * 1996–97 – Defeated Erie Otters 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Defeated S.S. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals. Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 3 in semi-finals.
 * 1997–98 – First place in OHL. Earned first round bye. Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals. Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in semi-finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 1 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished round-robin portion of Memorial Cup in 2nd place. Defeated Spokane Chiefs 2–1 (OT) in semi-finals. Lost to Portland Winter Hawks 4–3 (OT) in finals. Finished 2nd place in Memorial Cup.
 * 1998–99 – Defeated Erie Otters 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Owen Sound Platers 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
 * 1999–2000 – Lost to Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2000–01 – Lost to Brampton Battalion 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2001–02 – Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals. Finished round-robin portion of Memorial Cup tied for third place. Lost to Victoriaville Tigres 4–3 in tiebreaker game. Finished 4th place as hosts of Memorial Cup.
 * 2002–03 – Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2003–04 – Defeated Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 3 in conference finals. Defeated Mississauga Ice Dogs 4 games to 0 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished 4th place in Memorial Cup hosted by Kelowna Rockets.
 * 2004–05 – Lost to London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2005–06 – Defeated Saginaw Spirit 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference finals.
 * 2006–07 – Lost to Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2007–08 – Defeated London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to S.S. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2008–09 – Lost to Saginaw Spirit 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2009–10 – Lost to London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2010–11 – Lost to Saginaw Spirit 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2011–12 – Lost to Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2012–13 – Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2013–14 – Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals Defeated Erie Otters 4 games to 1 in conference finals. Defeated North Bay Battalion 4 games to 1 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished round-robin portion of Memorial Cup in 1st place. Lost to Edmonton Oil Kings 6–3 in finals. Finished 2nd place in Memorial Cup
 * 2014–15 – Defeated Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to S.S. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2015–16 – Out of playoffs.
 * 2016–17 – Out of playoffs.
 * 2017–18 – Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2018–19 — Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals. Defeated Saginaw Spirit 4 games to 3 in conference finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished round-robin portion of Memorial Cup in 2nd place. Lost to Rouyn-Noranda Huskies 6–4 in semifinals. Finished 3rd place in Memorial Cup
 * 2019–20 – Cancelled.
 * 2020–21 – Cancelled.
 * 2021–22 – Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2022–23 – Lost to Sarnia Sting 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2023–24 – Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.

Uniforms and logos
For the 2007/08 season, the team switched to a crimson and white colour scheme with the same logo that was on the last jerseys, except the "stripes" that appear across the "belly" of the Storm logo itself were modified from black to crimson. The white jersey has "STORM" written on top of the logo, and the crimson jersey has "GUELPH" above the logo. The new shoulder patches, featuring the alternate "GS" logo, have been redesigned and are meant to be read from the inside (the "G") outward (the "S").

The Guelph Storm primary logo is one of the team's mascots "Spyke" surrounded by a twister with the team name above it. The team colours are white, grey, crimson and black. Home jerseys have a white background with "STORM" above the logo, and away jerseys have a crimson background with "GUELPH" above the logo.

The previous Guelph Storm logo was used from 1991 to 1995. The team colours then were white, blue, grey and black. Home jerseys had a white background and away jerseys had a blue background.

Arenas
The Guelph Storm played at the Guelph Memorial Gardens from 1991 until the year 2000 when moving to the new Guelph Sports and Entertainment Centre, since renamed the Sleeman Centre. The GSEC was built into what was a former Eaton's department store in a downtown shopping mall. The GSEC hosted the 2001 Hershey Cup and the 2002 Memorial Cup.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Guelph Storm


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Owen Sound Attack

The Owen Sound Attack are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League based in Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. Based in Owen Sound since 1989, and operating under the current name since 2000, the Attack play their home games at the J. D. McArthur Arena inside the Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre.

History

The Owen Sound OHL franchise was born when the Holody family moved the Guelph Platers to the city for the 1989–90 OHL season. The team kept the name of Owen Sound Platers.

The Owen Sound Attack were born in the late summer of the year 2000 as a community-based OHL franchise. When the Holody family decided to sell the Owen Sound Platers buyers were sought from any city.

Several local Owen Sound business people realized that an out-of-town buyer would mean losing the team to relocation. The most mentioned former OHL city was Cornwall, Ontario. This local business group banded together to purchase the team. After a bidding war and a summer-long legal battle with another suitor, the team remained in Owen Sound.

The ownership group elected for a name change and came up with the more modern sounding "Owen Sound Attack". The 2004–05 season was the best regular season in the OHL history of Owen Sound. General Manager Mike Futa was recognized by the OHL for his work in building the team with the OHL Executive of the Year award. The club also played host to the OHL All-Star Classic in 2005.

In 2010–11, the Attack wore the jerseys of the 1951 Allan Cup Champion Owen Sound Mercurys as a throwback third jersey.

On April 27, 2011, the Owen Sound Attack earned their first OHL Conference Championship and their first berth in the Memorial Cup tournament since relocating from Guelph with a 10–4 win over the defending champion Windsor Spitfires and a result of the Memorial Cup host team, Mississauga St. Michael's Majors winning their conference series, 4–1 over the Niagara IceDogs.

On May 15, 2011, the Attack won their first J. Ross Robertson Cup as OHL Champions, also since relocating from Guelph with a 3–2 overtime win over the Mississauga St. Michael's Majors in the seventh game of the OHL finals.

As of the end of the 2013–14 season, the Attack were one of five OHL teams to win 30 or more games in the past four seasons, joining London, Guelph, Saginaw and Oshawa.

The Attack set a new franchise attendance mark in 2011–12 of 97,619 fans and set a new record the following year, eclipsing the 100,000 mark in 2012–13 and again in 2013–14.

Coaches

 * 2000–2001, Brian O'Leary
 * 2001–2002, Frank Carnevale
 * 2002–2007, Mike Stothers
 * 2007–2011, Mark Reeds
 * 2011–2015, Greg Ireland
 * 2015–2017, Ryan McGill
 * 2017–2019, Todd Gill
 * 2019–2021, Alan Letang
 * 2021–2023, Greg Walters
 * 2023–2024, Darren Rumble
 * 2024–present, Scott Wray

Owen Sound Platers award winners
Andrew Brunette won the 1992–93 Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy as the top scorer in the OHL with 62 Goals, 100 Assists and 162 Points. He also tied for the Canadian Hockey League's scoring lead. Brunette was selected by the Washington Capitals 174th overall in the 7th round of 1993 NHL Entry Draft.

Jamie Storr was the 1993–94 OHL Goaltender of the Year. Storr was the starting goalie for back-to-back World Junior Hockey Championship Gold medals in 1993 and 1994. In the 1994 NHL Entry Draft he became what was then the highest-drafted goaltender overall in NHL history, by the Los Angeles Kings, 7th overall.

Dan Snyder, a former captain of the Owen Sound Platers, had his number 14 retired by the Owen Sound Attack in 2003. He is remembered in Owen Sound for his leadership on and off the ice. Snyder was twice voted his team's Humanitarian of the Year. Snyder died from injuries suffered in a vehicular accident in 2003 after just beginning his NHL career with the Atlanta Thrashers, and the Ontario Hockey League renamed its Humanitarian of the Year award posthumously in his honour.

NHL alumni
Alumni of the Owen Sound Attack who played in the National Hockey League (NHL).

 * Mike Angelidis
 * Josh Bailey
 * Chris Bigras
 * Jordan Binnington
 * Paul Bissonnette
 * Jesse Blacker
 * Joseph Blandisi
 * Daniel Catenacci
 * Andre Deveaux
 * Sean Durzi
 * Kurtis Gabriel
 * Jonah Gadjovich
 * Mark Giordano
 * Mike Halmo
 * Joey Hishon
 * Greg Jacina
 * Dan LaCosta
 * Trevor Lewis
 * Kurtis MacDermid
 * Brian McGrattan
 * Michael McNiven
 * Chris Minard
 * Phil Oreskovic
 * Theo Peckham
 * Brad Richardson
 * Stefan Ruzicka
 * Bobby Ryan
 * Bob Sanguinetti
 * Andrej Sekera
 * Andrew Shaw
 * Wayne Simmonds
 * Gemel Smith
 * Maxim Sushko
 * Nick Suzuki
 * Garrett Wilson

Season-by-season results
Legend: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, SL = Shoot-out losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Uniforms and logos
The Owen Sound Attack's Home and Away uniforms are:

Red with Black and White; White with Black and Red

Third Jerseys are: Black with Red and White

Team Mascot: Cubby

2010–11 Third jersey: Blue, red, and white with Owen Sound Mercurys logo

2023–24 Alternate jersey: Black, white, and orange with Owen Sound Greys logo honouring 100th anniversary of the 1924 Memorial Cup Champions

Arena
The Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre received extensive renovations beginning in 2001, to include private boxes. The arena hosted the 2005 OHL All-Star Classic. A new video scoreboard was added in 2015.

The Bayshore Community Centre is also home to the Owen Sound Rams of the OLA Junior B Lacrosse League, and the Owen Sound Woodsmen of the OLA Senior B Lacrosse League.

title: Owen Sound Attack


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People & Planet

People & Planet is a network of student campaign groups in the UK. It is "the largest student campaigning organisation in the country campaigning to alleviate world poverty, defend human rights and protect the environment."

Organisation

People & Planet is Britain's largest student network campaigning on global poverty, human rights, and the environment. The network has over 2,000 active members at 50 universities and 79 schools and colleges across the UK.

People & Planet groups are autonomous and there is no formal membership system. The organisation is overseen by a Board of Trustees, the majority of whom are student members elected by the network. The support office, based in Oxford, provides training, outreach and resources to support groups and campaigns.

People & Planet is funded primarily by grants from trusts and foundations. People & Planet has a Fundraising and Activist Network allowing members to make regular monthly donations that provide invaluable unrestricted income to support the organisation's work.

History
The organisation was founded in 1969 as Third World First by a group of students at Oxford University, supported by NGOs including Oxfam. In 1997, the network voted to change the name to People & Planet.

Third World First was instrumental in setting up the magazine, The Internationalist which was later reincarnated as the now popular activist-magazine, The New Internationalist.

Campaigns
People & Planet's current campaign areas are climate action and the rights of migrants.

Migrants' rights
In 2015, People & Planet students democratically decided to introduce a migrants' rights campaign at annual summer camp Power Shift: Training for Change. Staff worked with students to develop the Undoing Borders campaign, launched in 2016.

Climate change
Currently, People & Planet are running a "Fossil Free Careers" campaign calling on UK universities careers' services to "end recruitment pipelines into the oil, gas and mining industries ." As of June 2023, 4 universities had committed to Fossil Free Careers: Wrexham Glyndwr University, The University of Bedfordshire, University of the Arts London and Bishops Grosseteste University. 15 Students' Unions have also agreed to boycott oil and gas recruitment events.

In 2013, the People & Planet network launched a new campaign targeting the fossil fuel industry, and in particular the role of fossil fuels. Working in partnership with 350.org, the Fossil Free UK campaign aims to sever the links between the fossil fuel industry and UK universities. These links include investments and endowments, academic research, sponsorship and partnership arrangements.

In 2017, People & Planet introduced a new climate campaign targeting high-street banks over their financing of fossil fuels. Divest Barclays took particular aim at Barclays due to its status as the worst bank in Europe for providing finance to fossil fuel projects and companies. Students campaigned for universities and students' unions to boycott Barclays and took direct-action targeting Barclays' AGMs in 2018 and 2019.

People & Planet's previous climate change campaign, Going Greener aimed to create 'Transition Universities'. It brings together a student movement on campus working towards low-carbon, resilient and community-led education institutions that achieve carbon emissions reductions of at least 50% by 2020.

Past successes and campaigns
People & Planet activists have played a key role in action for social and environmental justice across a variety of campaigns.
 * Largely due to pressure from People & Planet groups, there are now over 100 Fairtrade universities and 106 Fairtrade secondary schools.
 * The Ethics for USS (the University Superannuation Scheme) campaign persuaded the £20 billion lecturers’ pension fund to adopt a socially responsible investment policy. The legacy of the campaign was the founding of charity FairPensions (now ShareAction).
 * People & Planet supported the world's largest ever garment boycott, which led to the establishment of the first recognised garment union in Honduras & 1200 factory workers being re-employed.
 * The Treat Aids Now campaign persuaded the UK government to lead an international commitment to provide HIV/AIDS treatment for all by 2010.
 * As part of the Jubilee 2000 campaign, People & Planet and other groups secured $88bn debt cancellation for the world's poor.
 * The Buy Right campaign, focusing on defending human rights within university supply chains. Universities are being encouraged to sign up to the Worker Rights Consortium, an independent monitoring organisation that supports workers in the garment industry in defending their workplace rights.
 * People & Planet was involved in setting up a new organisation, Electronics Watch, which will performed similar monitoring function in the Electronics sector. The associated Sweatshop Free campaign asked universities to affiliate to Electronics Watch.

The People & Planet University League
People & Planet's University League is the only comprehensive and independent ranking of UK universities by environmental and ethical performance. In 2019, the People & Planet University League was published in The Guardian.

The People & Planet Green League was first published in 2007, as a way of driving forward environmental performance within the university sector. The People & Planet University League publicly benchmarks the sector's green credentials by combining universities' estates performance data with information about their environmental policies and management practices.

It initially scored UK universities on four key institutional factors needed to drive forward significant and sustained improvement in environmental performance, as highlighted by the Going Green report. These criteria were:

 * The active, public support of senior university management for a programme of environmental performance improvement.
 * Full-time staff dedicated to environmental management.
 * A comprehensive review to investigate all the environmental impacts of the institution, and performance monitoring.
 * A written, publicly available environmental policy.

Since the first Green League in 2007, People & Planet has widened the criteria to assess both policy and performance of higher education institutions.

The University League is widely credited with shifting the UK's Higher Education sector towards improved environmental management and performance. In 2012, People & Planet awarded 46 First Class awards in the University League, compared to just 15 in 2007. Notable improvements have been measured in areas such as the proportion of renewable electricity used by universities (72%, up from 12% in 2007) and in the number of Fairtrade Universities (112, up from 41 in 2007).

In 2012, People & Planet held its first ever Green League Graduation Ceremony in Westminster, celebrating the achievements of its top-ranking universities.

Awards and Praise
The Green League won "Best Campaign" at the 2007 British Environment and Media Awards.

The People & Planet Green League has been shortlisted for the Green Gown award, administered by the Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges (EAUC).

Notable people

 * Guy Hughes (1974–2006) was head of People & Planet's Campaigns until 2004 when, following the outbreak of war in Iraq, he set up Crisis Action, a UK initiative to help co-ordinate NGO responses to crisis situations.
 * The environmental campaigner and journalist George Monbiot is patron of People & Planet.
 * Former members include Mark Lazarowicz, MP; Catherine Stihler, MEP (alumna and 52nd Rector at the University of St Andrews); and Mark Ballard, former MSP and Rector (at the University of Edinburgh) where the People & Planet group was instrumental in his election in 2006, against a field including Magnus Linklater, Boris Johnson and John Pilger.
 * The internationally published hymn writer and theologian Brian Wren is a former Coordinator of People & Planet.

title: People & Planet


text:
Poon choi

Poon choi or puhn choi (pronounced: pun4 coi3 in Cantonese), pén cài in pinyin, is a traditional Cantonese festival meal composed of many layers of different ingredients. It is served in large wooden, porcelain or metal basins called poon, due to the communal style of consumption. The Chinese name, transliterated as Poon choi, has been variously translated as "big bowl feast", "basin cuisine" or "Chinese casserole".

Origin
According to tradition, Poon choi was invented during the late Song Dynasty. When Mongol troops invaded Song China, the young Emperor fled to the area around Guangdong Province and Hong Kong. To serve the Emperor as well as his army, the locals collected all their best food available, cooked it. But there were not enough serving containers available, so they put the resulting meal in large wooden washbasins.

Association with the New Territories
In any event, Poon choi is associated with the early settlers of the New Territories, who had been driven south of the mainland by a series of barbarian invasions in China between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Walled village culture is well preserved in the New Territories and Poon choi gradually became a traditional dish of the walled villages. As Poon choi is a large dish portioned to be suitable for a communal meal, it was served whenever there were celebrations connected with rituals, weddings, festivals, ancestor worship and other local events as an expression of village dining culture.

Ingredients
Poon choi includes ingredients such as pork, beef, lamb, chicken, duck, abalone, ginseng, shark fin, fish maw, prawn, crab, dried mushroom, fishballs, squid, dried eel, dried shrimp, pigskin, chicken feet, duck feet, goose feet, bean curd and Chinese white radish.

Out of respect to their guests the villagers put only a relatively small amount of vegetables in Poon choi. To walled villagers, vegetables are not highly valued ingredients. In order to offer the best food during important annual events, villagers prefer to include mostly meat and seafood in Poon choi.

Preparation of ingredients
Three days are traditionally required for preparing and cooking the meal.

The first day: A trip to the mountains is required to gather firewood, which must be chopped to size.

In ancient times when people did not have liquefied petroleum gas, plenty of firewood had to be available to cook all the food. Today, there are still many walled villages that adhere to the use of wood for fuel because the residents believe that liquefied petroleum gas is less strong and does not supply as much heat or last as long as firewood. Only a wood fire is believed to produce the real flavour of the dish.

The second day: Buy plenty of fresh ingredients

The walled village uses fresh ingredients, rarely frozen or refrigerated products, to make Poon choi. This is because these rural communities do not have refrigerators. It is also believed that only fresh ingredients can produce fresh and delicious Poon choi. Since traditional Poon choi is used for festive banquets in ancestral halls, it is considered disrespectful to the ancestors and gods if canned, frozen, or ready-to-eat products are used in its preparation.

The third day: Stew the pork

It takes a full day to achieve the desired taste so the stewing of the pork starts early in the morning. The Ancients cooked Weitou pork for at least 10 hours in order for the ‘half fat-half lean’ pork bellies to become tender and tasty.

A few decades ago, preparing Poon choi was considered a test for chefs because the long cooking time on a wooden stove required a great deal of patience and stove control.

Layering
Attentive layering of the ingredients contributes to the taste of the whole dish.

Appearance

Poon choi is special in that it is composed of many layers of different ingredients. Traditionally, it is also eaten layer by layer instead of first "stirring everything up", although impatient diners may first snatch the popular daikon radish at the bottom with the help of the shared serving chopsticks.

Ingredients such as Chinese radishes, pigskins and bean curd are placed in the bottom of the container. In the middle of the dish there are usually pork and Chinese dried mushrooms. On the top, meat, seafood, and rare ingredients like abalone and sea cucumber are to be found.

It contributes to the attractiveness of Poon choi if dried noodles with egg are put on top to symbolise a crown.

Taste

Relatively dry ingredients such as seafood are placed on the top while other ingredients that can absorb sauce well are assigned to the bottom of the basin. This allows sauces to flow down to the bottom of the basin as people start eating from the top.

Cultural aspects
Poon choi is often served during religious rituals, festivals, special occasions and wedding banquets in the open areas of villages. From the 1990s, It became popular among urban dwellers as well and it can be enjoyed at many Cantonese restaurants in the autumn and winter or on special occasions throughout the year.

Cultural values in the walled villages
1.	Showing gratitude to ancestors

The fact that villagers use only the best and freshest ingredients is a way they pay respect to their ancestors. This behaviour illustrates the character of traditional Chinese people, who keep their ancestors in mind and remain grateful to them. It also reflects their reputation of being very hospitable.

2.	Teamwork and unity

Poon choi requires much manpower to prepare and cook the ingredients. So whenever there are any major events, respected villagers become the main chefs, leading and instructing the rest of the village in preparing the meal. In other words, cooking Poon choi requires teamwork among villagers, which unites them.

3.	Family lineages

It is also noteworthy that different walled villages have different cooking method for preparing Poon choi in keeping with their own customs. The Poon choi recipes of every village are kept secret and not divulged to people who do not belong to the village. The recipe is regarded as a village inheritance passed from villager to villager and father to son over generations. Poon choi is thus a symbol of the continuity of the village and local family lineages.

4.	Equality

Enjoying Poon choi demonstrates equality because the rich and the poor eat it together. There is no complicated etiquette, everyone can join in.

5.	Signaling

If villagers do not hold a Poon choi feast, it means, for example, that a village does not approve of or accept a particular marriage.

Manner of eating
Traditional Poon choi is served in a big wooden basin. There is one on each table and every person at the table takes food from the basin, layer by layer, from the top to the bottom.

Today, people use 'Gun Fai' (clean chopsticks used to move food from serving basin to personal bowl) to get the food. This more hygienic practice allows the diner to pick out particular pieces of food from the bottom of the serving basin as well. It is also becoming more acceptable to use these chopsticks to mix and turn over the food. Symbolic meanings are attached to this new custom: it causes people to work together, and it is an attempt to encourage fortune and luck coming to them.

Poon Choi Characteristics
Poon choi is a traditional food system in the walled villages. Whether it is festival celebration or worship ancestors, it is related to Poon choi. The villagers' gathering of basin meal is a crucial process in “confirmation of identity". Any family with a boy newly born will light up a lamp in the ancestral hall and invite the villagers to participate in the “lamp gathering", that is a Poon choi feast to celebrate the new male. After the ceremony was completed, the newborn male was officially recognized as a member of the village and had the right to inherit the property. As for the wedding tradition, the couple will raise a day to invite relatives to the Poon choi feast, which implies they are recognized the marriage. Also, after the spring and autumn ancestral worship, they reunited and ate Poon choi together.

The Poon choi is symbolized to "unity". In the traditional Poon choi feast, people are not sent the invitation cards to the villagers. Only a red notice of the Poon Choi feast will be posted at the door of the village, their relatives and friends will naturally come to this festival. The villagers used the Poon choi feast to reach the whole village without any distinction, becoming an individual, united and harmonious. This symbolic meaning has been passed down to the present day, Poon choi is no longer limited in the walled village. It has been widely developed in Hong Kong, people will eat Poon choi during the Chinese New Year and other dinner party.

Reasons for popularity
Poon choi meals are becoming more and more popular, one of the reasons being promotion by mass media, which widely publicise Poon choi events, such as the 1997 large-scale Poon choi banquet, and the Poon Choi banquet held by Heung Yee Kuk. Another reason is the economic downturn. Since Poon choi contains a large amount of many ingredients, Hong Kong people think the cost is lower than other types of restaurant meals. Poon choi also represents Hong Kong’s food culture and creativity. Although it is a traditional cuisine of Hong Kong walled villages the ingredients have changed over the past decades and become more diversified to suit peoples' varying palates and tastes.

Nowadays, Poon Choi stores are being launched in the urban districts. To maintain their competitiveness, these stores provide various conveniences and varieties to fulfill consumer needs and wants. They also invest the name Poon choi with meanings mostly symbolic of fortune as a gimmick to attract people.

Location
In the past, citizens had to take the time to visit the walled villages in order to enjoy Poon choi. It was of course also a valuable opportunity for them to escape the hustle and bustle of the city for a while.

Nowadays, eating Poon choi is not only limited to people living in or visiting walled villages. During festivals, urban citizens can now enjoy Poon choi from Chinese fast food restaurant, such as Café de Coral, Fairwood. Even when it is not festival time, residents can also purchase Poon choi in some specialised stores, like 八味香帝皇盆菜專門店, 洪運正宗盆菜, Poon choi has become a meal that people can enjoy anywhere and anytime.

In 2003, a Poon choi feast was held in the former Kai Tak airport. It had 660 tables, seating 12 people per table; together with the staff a total of nearly ten thousand people participated. This event broke the world record for the highest number of people gathered to eating Poon choi.

Convenience
Delivery service is provided so that the stores can ensure that all people, especially those living far away, can enjoy Poon choi and purchase it from a store. Delivery service is no doubt convenient when there are activities organised by local organisations or the government which feature a Poon choi feast. As these customers order bulk amounts, the stores give discounts or provide free materials, like tables, a gas stove, and tableware together with the Poon choi.

Ordering by phone or online enables customers to conveniently order Poon choi, since it eliminate the need for them to take time to visit the stores. The stores immediately start preparation once they have received the order, increasing efficiency.

The advertising leaflets from these stores usually offer customers a choice of big, medium and small amounts of Poon choi. With standard quantities and prices, people can easily determine how much they wish to order. Standardisation also reduces conflicts between the store and customers.

At present, stores use an aluminium foil cover to retain the heat of the wrapped Poon choi. Together with a large plastic bag with handles to bear the weight, this meal can easily be transported. No doubt these innovations ease the burden on customers in a hurry.

Different from traditional reheating methods, nowadays restaurants use a portable gas stove to warm the Poon choi before it is served. It can also be used at a table to maintain the warmth continuously and hence guarantee the quality and taste.

Variety
In the past, people ate Poon choi with rice only, but now they have more choices. They may choose other carbohydrates, like noodles or udon, depending on their eating habits.

Providing a variety of price categories allows people also to choose the diversity of delicacies which they can afford. Relatively high priced Poon choi includes luxury food such as abalones, shark fin, oyster, which people may select to gain honour by showing that they are generous and wealthy. Those who prefer a reasonable price can have a tasty meal with more common ingredients.

As an international hub, Hong Kong can provide diners with a variety of flavours. There is now available Japanese Poon choi, curry Poon choi, Western Poon choi, and vegetarian Poon choi, all in a bid to fulfill different needs and wants of customers, whether locals or tourists.

title: Poon choi


text:
Never Say Never Again

Never Say Never Again is a 1983 spy film directed by Irvin Kershner. The film is based on the 1961 James Bond novel Thunderball by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Fleming. The novel had been previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name. Never Say Never Again is the second and most recent James Bond film not to be produced by Eon Productions (the usual producer of the Bond series) but instead by Jack Schwartzman's Taliafilm, and was distributed by Warner Bros. The film was executive produced by Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline. McClory had retained the filming rights of the novel following a long legal battle dating from the 1960s.

Sean Connery played the role of Bond for the seventh and final time, marking his return to the character twelve years after Diamonds Are Forever (1971). The film's title is a reference to Connery's reported declaration in 1971 that he would "never again" play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the script makes frequent reference to Bond as aging and past his prime – although ironically, Connery was three years younger than his replacement, Roger Moore. The storyline features Bond being reluctantly brought back into action to investigate the theft of two nuclear weapons by SPECTRE. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in the United Kingdom.

Never Say Never Again was released by Warner Bros. on 7 October 1983, and opened to positive reviews, with the performances of Connery and Klaus Maria Brandauer singled out for praise as more emotionally resonant than the typical Bond films of the day. The film grossed $160 million at the box office, making it a commercial success, although it earned less overall than the Eon-produced Octopussy, released earlier the same year.

Plot
After MI6 agent James Bond fails a routine training exercise, his superior M orders him to a health clinic outside London to get back into shape. While there, Bond witnesses nurse Fatima Blush giving a sadomasochistic beating to a patient in a nearby room. The man's face is bandaged and after Blush finishes her beating, he uses a machine which scans his eye. Bond is spotted by Blush, who sends assassin Lippe to kill him in the clinic gym. Bond kills Lippe in a fight which destroys a lot of the clinic's furniture and equipment; M is forced to pay for the resulting damages and consequently suspends Bond from active duty.

Blush works for SPECTRE, a criminal organisation run by Ernst Stavro Blofeld; her charge is heroin-addicted United States Air Force pilot Jack Petachi. Petachi has undergone an operation on his right eye to make it match the retinal pattern of the US President, which he uses to circumvent security at RAF Station Swadley, an American military base in England. While doing so, he replaces the dummy warheads of two AGM-86B cruise missiles with live W80 nuclear warheads; SPECTRE then steals the warheads, intending to extort billions of dollars from NATO governments. Blush murders Petachi by causing his car to crash and explode, covering SPECTRE's tracks.

Foreign Secretary Lord Ambrose orders a reluctant M to reactivate the double-0 section, and Bond is tasked with tracking down the missing weapons. Bond follows a lead to the Bahamas and finds Domino Petachi, Jack's sister, and her wealthy lover Maximillian Largo, who is SPECTRE's top agent.

When Largo's yacht heads for Nice, France, Bond goes there and joins forces with his French contact Nicole, and his CIA counterpart, Felix Leiter. Bond goes to a health and beauty centre, posing as an employee. He gives a massage to Domino, who reveals that Largo is hosting an event at a casino that evening. At the charity event, Largo and Bond play a video game called Domination; the losing player of each turn receives electric shocks of increasing intensity in proportion to the amount wagered. After losing a few games, Bond wins, and while dancing with Domino, he informs her that Jack had been killed on Largo's orders. Returning to his villa, Bond finds Nicole killed by Blush. After a chase on his Q-branch motorbike, Bond finds himself in an ambush and is captured by Blush. She admits to being impressed with him, and forces Bond to declare in writing that she is his "Number One" sexual partner. Bond distracts her with promises, then uses his Q-branch fountain pen gun to kill Blush with an explosive dart.

Bond and Leiter attempt to board Largo's yacht, the Flying Saucer, in search of the missing nuclear warheads. Bond finds Domino and attempts to make Largo jealous by kissing her in front of a one-way mirror. Enraged, Largo traps Bond and takes him and Domino to Palmyra, Largo's base of operations in North Africa. Largo punishes Domino for her betrayal by selling her to passing Arabs. Bond escapes from his prison and rescues her.

Domino and Bond reunite with Leiter on a U.S. Navy submarine. After the first warhead is found and defused in Washington, D.C., they track Largo to the Tears of Allah, a location below a desert oasis on the Ethiopian coast. Bond and Leiter infiltrate the underground facility and a gun battle erupts between Leiter's team and Largo's men in the temple. In the confusion, Largo makes a getaway with the second warhead. Bond catches and fights him underwater. Just as Largo tries to use a spear gun to shoot Bond, he is shot with a spear gun by Domino, taking revenge for Jack's death. Bond then defuses the nuclear bomb underwater, saving the world. Bond retires from duty and returns to the Bahamas with Domino, vowing never again to be a secret agent although Domino doubts his sincerity.

Cast

 * Sean Connery as James Bond, MI6 agent 007.
 * Klaus Maria Brandauer as Maximillian Largo, a billionaire businessman and SPECTRE Number 1, SPECTRE's senior-most agent. He is based on the character Emilio Largo in Thunderball
 * Max von Sydow as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE.
 * Barbara Carrera as Fatima Blush; SPECTRE Number 12, assigned to hunt down and kill Bond. She is based on Fiona Volpe in Thunderball.
 * Kim Basinger as Domino Petachi, sister of Jack Petachi and girlfriend/mistress of Maximillian Largo. The surname was changed to Petrescu for the Italian release of the film.
 * Bernie Casey as Felix Leiter, Bond's CIA contact and friend.
 * Alec McCowen as "Q" (aka Algy or Algernon), Double-0 section Quartermaster who issues specialised equipment to Bond.
 * Edward Fox as "M", Bond's superior at MI6.

 * Pamela Salem as Miss Moneypenny, M's secretary.
 * Rowan Atkinson as Nigel Small-Fawcett, Foreign Office representative in the Bahamas.
 * Saskia Cohen-Tanugi as Nicole, Bond's French contact
 * Valerie Leon as Lady in Bahamas, whom Bond seduces.
 * Milow Kirek as Dr. Kovacs, a nuclear physicist working for SPECTRE.
 * Pat Roach as Lippe, a SPECTRE assassin who tries to kill Bond at the clinic.
 * Anthony Sharp as Lord Ambrose, Foreign Secretary who orders M to reactivate the Double-0 section.
 * Prunella Gee as Nurse Patricia Fearing, a physiotherapist at the clinic.
 * Gavan O'Herlihy as Captain Jack Petachi, a USAF pilot used by SPECTRE to steal the nuclear missiles, and Domino Petachi's brother.

Production
Never Say Never Again had its origins in the early 1960s, following the controversy over the 1961 Thunderball novel. Fleming had worked with independent producer Kevin McClory and scriptwriter Jack Whittingham on a script for a potential Bond film, to be called Longitude 78 West, which was subsequently abandoned because of the costs involved. Fleming, "always reluctant to let a good idea lie idle", turned this into the novel Thunderball, for which he did not credit either McClory or Whittingham; McClory then took Fleming to the High Court in London for breach of copyright, and the matter was settled in 1963. After Eon Productions started producing the Bond films, it subsequently made a deal with McClory, who would produce Thunderball, and then not make any further version of the novel for a period of ten years, following the release of the Eon-produced version in 1965.

In the mid-1970s, McClory again started working on a second adaptation of Thunderball and, with the working title Warhead, he brought writer Len Deighton together with Sean Connery to work on a script. A lawsuit with Eon Productions ended in a ruling that McClory owned the sole rights to SPECTRE and Blofeld, forcing Eon to remove them from The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). The script initially focused on SPECTRE shooting down aircraft over the Bermuda Triangle, before taking over Liberty Island and Ellis Island as staging areas for an invasion of New York City through the sewers under Wall Street. The script was purchased by Paramount Pictures in 1978. The script ran into difficulties, after accusations from Danjaq and United Artists that the project had gone beyond copyright restrictions, which confined McClory to a film based only on the novel Thunderball; once again, the project was delayed.

Towards the end of the 1970s, developments were reported on the project under the name James Bond of the Secret Service, but when producer Jack Schwartzman became involved in 1980, and cleared a number of the legal issues that still surrounded the project, he decided against using Deighton's script. The project returned to the original nuclear terrorism plot of the original Thunderball, in order to avoid another lawsuit from Danjaq, and after McClory saw Jimmy Carter mention the issue in a 1980 presidential debate with Ronald Reagan. Schwartzman brought on board scriptwriter Lorenzo Semple, Jr. to work on the screenplay. Schwartzman wanted him to make the screenplay "somewhere in the middle" between his campier projects such as Batman, and his more serious projects such as Three Days of the Condor. Connery was unhappy with some aspects of the script, and asked Tom Mankiewicz, who had rewritten Diamonds Are Forever, to work on it; however, Mankiewicz declined, as he felt he was under a moral obligation to Albert R. Broccoli. Semple Jr. ultimately left the project, after Irvin Kershner was hired as director, and Schwartzman began cutting out the "big numbers" from his script to save on the budget. Connery then hired British television writers Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais to undertake re-writes, although they went uncredited for their efforts, despite much of the final shooting script being theirs. This was because of a restriction by the Writers Guild of America. Clement and La Frenais continued rewriting during the production, often altering it from day to day.

The film underwent one final change in title: after Connery had finished filming Diamonds Are Forever, he had pledged that he would "never again" play Bond. Connery's wife, Micheline, suggested the title Never Say Never Again, referring to her husband's vow, and the producers acknowledged her contribution by listing on the end credits "Title Never Say Never Again by Micheline Connery". A final attempt by Fleming's trustees to block the film was made in the High Court in London in the spring of 1983, but this was thrown out by the court and Never Say Never Again was permitted to proceed.

Cast and crew
When producer Kevin McClory had first planned the film in 1964, he held initial talks with Richard Burton for the part of Bond, although the project came to nothing because of the legal issues involved. When the Warhead project was launched in the late 1970s, a number of actors were mentioned in the trade press, including Orson Welles for the part of Blofeld, Trevor Howard to play M and Richard Attenborough as director.

In 1978, the working title James Bond of the Secret Service was being used and Connery was in the frame once again, potentially going head-to-head with the next Eon Bond film, Moonraker. By 1980, with legal issues again causing the project to founder, Connery thought himself unlikely to play the role, as he stated in an interview in the Sunday Express: "When I first worked on the script with Len I had no thought of actually being in the film." When producer Jack Schwartzman became involved, he asked Connery to play Bond; Connery agreed, negotiating a fee of $3 million ($0 million in dollars), casting and script approval, and a percentage of the profits. Subsequent to Connery reprising the role, Semple altered the script to include several references to Bond's advancing years – playing on Connery being 52 at the time of filming – and academic Jeremy Black has pointed out that there are other aspects of age and disillusionment in the film, such as the Shrubland's porter referring to Bond's car ("They don't make them like that anymore"), the new M having no use for the 00 section and Q with his reduced budgets. Originally, Semple wanted to emphasize Bond's age even further, writing the script to include him in semi-retirement working aboard a Scottish fishing trawler hunting Soviet Navy submarines in the North Sea. Connery's casting was formally announced in March 1983.. He trained with Steven Seagal to help get in shape for the production.

For the main villain in the film, Maximillian Largo, Connery suggested Klaus Maria Brandauer, the lead of the 1981 Academy Award-winning Hungarian film Mephisto. Through the same route came Max von Sydow as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, although he still retained his Eon-originated white cat in the film. For the femme fatale, director Irvin Kershner selected former model and Playboy cover girl Barbara Carrera to play Fatima Blush – the name coming from one of the early scripts of Thunderball. Carrera said she modeled her performance on the Hindu goddess Kali, and to "mix that in with a little bit of black widow and a little bit of praying mantis." Carrera's performance as Fatima Blush earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, which she lost to Cher for her role in Silkwood. Micheline Connery, Sean's wife, had met up-and-coming actress Kim Basinger at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London and suggested her to Connery; he agreed after Dalila Di Lazzaro refused the Domino role. For the role of Felix Leiter, Connery spoke with Bernie Casey, saying that, as the Leiter role was never remembered by audiences, using a black Leiter might make him more memorable. Others cast included comedian Rowan Atkinson, who would later parody Bond in his role of Johnny English in 2003. Atkinson's character was added by Clement and La Frenais after the production had already started, in order to provide the film with a comic relief. Edward Fox was cast as M in order to portray the character as a young technocrat in contrast to the older portrayal by Bernard Lee, and to parody the Thatcher ministry's budget cuts to government services.

Connery wanted to persuade Richard Donner to direct the film, but after their meeting, Donner decided he disliked the script. Former Eon Productions' editor and director of On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Peter R. Hunt, was approached to direct the film, but declined due to his previous work with Eon. Irvin Kershner, who had previously worked with Connery on A Fine Madness (1966), and had achieved success in 1980 with The Empire Strikes Back, was then hired. A number of the crew from the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark were also appointed, including first assistant director David Tomblin, director of photography Douglas Slocombe, second unit director Mickey Moore and production designers Philip Harrison and Stephen Grimes.

Filming
Filming for Never Say Never Again began on 27 September 1982 on the French Riviera for two months, before moving to Nassau, the Bahamas in mid-November, where filming took place at Clifton Pier, which was also one of the locations used in Thunderball. Largo's Palmyran fortress was actually historic Fort Carré in Antibes. Largo's ship, the Flying Saucer, was portrayed by the yacht Kingdom 5KR, then owned by Saudi billionaire Adnan Khashoggi and called Nabila. The underwater scenes were filmed by Ricou Browning, who had coordinated the underwater scenes in the original Thunderball. Principal photography finished at Elstree Studios, where interior shots were filmed. Elstree also housed the Tears of Allah underwater cavern, which took three months to construct, while the Shrublands health spa was filmed at Luton Hoo. Most of the filming was completed in the spring of 1983, although there was some additional shooting during the summer of 1983.

Production on the film was troubled, with Connery taking on many of the production duties with assistant director David Tomblin. Director Irvin Kershner was critical of producer Jack Schwartzman, saying that, while he was a good businessman, "he didn't have the experience of a film producer". After the production ran out of money, Schwartzman had to fund further production out of his own pocket, and later admitted he had underestimated the amount the film would cost to make. There was tension on set between Schwartzman and Connery, who at times barely spoke to each other. Connery was unimpressed with the perceived lack of professionalism behind the scenes, and was on record as saying that the whole production was a "bloody Mickey Mouse operation!"

Steven Seagal, who was a martial arts instructor for this film, broke Connery's wrist while training. On an episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Connery revealed he did not know his wrist was broken until over a decade later.

Music
James Horner was both Kershner's and Schwartzman's first choice to compose the score, after being impressed with his work on Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Horner, who worked in London for most of the time, was unavailable, according to Kershner, though Schwartzman later claimed Sean Connery vetoed him. Frequent Bond composer John Barry was invited, but declined out of loyalty to Eon. The music for Never Say Never Again was ultimately written by Michel Legrand, who composed a score similar to his work as a jazz pianist. The score has been criticised as "anachronistic and misjudged", "bizarrely intermittent" and "the most disappointing feature of the film". Legrand also wrote the main theme "Never Say Never Again", which featured lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman — who had also worked with Legrand on the Academy Award-winning song "The Windmills of Your Mind" — and was performed by Lani Hall after Bonnie Tyler, who disliked the song, had reluctantly declined.

Phyllis Hyman also recorded a potential theme song, with music written by Stephen Forsyth and lyrics by Jim Ryan, but the song — an unsolicited submission — was passed over, given Legrand's contractual obligations with the music.

Legal substitutions
Many of the elements of the Eon-produced Bond films were not present in Never Say Never Again for legal reasons. These included the gun barrel sequence, where a screen full of 007 symbols appeared instead, and similarly there was no "James Bond Theme" to use, although no effort was made to supply another tune. A pre-credits sequence was filmed but not used; instead, the film opens with the credits running over the top of the sequence of Bond on a training mission.

Release and reception
Never Say Never Again opened on 7 October 1983 in 1,550 theatres, grossing an October record $10,958,157 over the four-day Columbus Day weekend, which was reported to be "the best opening record of any James Bond film" up to that point, surpassing Octopussy's $8.9 million from June that year. The film had its UK premiere at the Warner West End cinema in Leicester Square on 14 December 1983. Worldwide, Never Say Never Again grossed $160 million, which was a solid return on the budget of $36 million. The film ultimately earned less than Octopussy, which grossed $187.5 million. It was the first James Bond film to be officially released in the Soviet Union, premiering in the summer of 1990 with a gala in Moscow.

Warner Bros. released Never Say Never Again on VHS and Betamax in 1984, and on laserdisc in 1995. After Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased the distribution rights in 1997 (see Legacy, below), the company has released the film on both VHS and DVD in 2001, and on Blu-ray in 2009.

Contemporary reviews
Never Say Never Again was broadly welcomed and praised by the critics: Ian Christie, writing in the Daily Express, said that Never Say Never Again was "one of the better Bonds", finding the film "superbly witty and entertaining, ... the dialogue is crisp and the fight scenes imaginative". Christie also thought that "Connery has lost none of his charm and, if anything, is more appealing than ever as the stylish resolute hero". David Robinson, writing in The Times also concentrated on Connery, saying that: "Connery ... is back, looking hardly a day older or thicker, and still outclassing every other exponent of the role, in the goodnatured throwaway with which he parries all the sex and violence on the way". For Robinson, the presence of Connery and Klaus Maria Brandauer as Maximillian Largo "very nearly make it all worthwhile." The reviewer for Time Out summed up Never Say Never Again by saying: "The action's good, the photography excellent, the sets decent; but the real clincher is the fact that Bond is once more played by a man with the right stuff."

Derek Malcolm in The Guardian showed himself to be a fan of Connery's Bond, saying the film contains "the best Bond in the business", but nevertheless did not find Never Say Never Again any more enjoyable than the recently released Octopussy (starring Roger Moore), or "that either of them came very near to matching Dr. No or From Russia with Love". Malcolm's main issue with the film was that he had a "feeling that a constant struggle was going on between a desire to make a huge box-office success and the effort to make character as important as stunts". Malcolm summed up that "the mix remains obstinately the same – up to scratch but not surpassing it". Writing in The Observer, Philip French noted that "this curiously muted film ends up making no contribution of its own and inviting damaging comparisons with the original, hyper-confident Thunderball". French concluded that "like an hour-glass full of damp sand, the picture moves with increasing slowness as it approaches a confused climax in the Persian Gulf".

Writing for Newsweek, critic Jack Kroll thought the early part of the film was handled "with wit and style", although he went on to say that the director was "hamstrung by Lorenzo Semple's script". Richard Schickel, writing in Time, praised the film and its cast. He wrote that Klaus Maria Brandauer's character was "played with silky, neurotic charm", while Barbara Carrera, playing Fatima Blush, "deftly parodies all the fatal femmes who have slithered through Bond's career". Schickel's highest praise was saved for the return of Connery, observing "it is good to see Connery's grave stylishness in this role again. It makes Bond's cynicism and opportunism seem the product of genuine worldliness (and world weariness) as opposed to Roger Moore's mere twirpishness."

Janet Maslin, writing in The New York Times, was broadly praising of the film, saying she thought that Never Say Never Again "has noticeably more humor and character than the Bond films usually provide. It has a marvelous villain in Largo." Maslin also thought highly of Connery in the role, observing that "in Never Say Never Again, the formula is broadened to accommodate an older, seasoned man of much greater stature, and Mr. Connery expertly fills the bill." Writing in The Washington Post, Gary Arnold was fulsome in his praise, saying that Never Say Never Again is "one of the best James Bond adventure thrillers ever made", going on to say that "this picture is likely to remain a cherished, savory example of commercial filmmaking at its most astute and accomplished." Arnold went further, saying that "Never Say Never Again is the best acted Bond picture ever made, because it clearly surpasses any predecessors in the area of inventive and clever character delineation".

The critic for The Globe and Mail, Jay Scott, also praised the film, saying that Never Say Never Again "may be the only installment of the long-running series that has been helmed by a first-rate director." According to Scott, the director, with high-quality support cast, resulted in the "classiest of all the Bonds". Roger Ebert gave the film $3 1/2$ out of four stars, and wrote that Never Say Never Again, while consisting of a basic "Bond plot", was different from other Bond films: "For one thing, there's more of a human element in the movie, and it comes from Klaus Maria Brandauer, as Largo." Ebert went on to add, "there was never a Beatles reunion ... but here, by God, is Sean Connery as Sir James Bond. Good work, 007." Gene Siskel of The Chicago Tribune also gave the film 3½ out of four stars, writing that the film was "one of the best 007 adventures ever made".

Colin Greenland reviewed Never Say Never Again for Imagine, and stated that "Never Say Never Again is a complacent male sexist fantasy, where women can be only femmes fatales or passive victims."

Retrospective reviews
Because Never Say Never Again is not an Eon-produced film, it has not been included in a number of subsequent reviews. Norman Wilner of MSN said that 1967's Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again "exist outside the 'official' continuity, [and] are excluded from this list, just as they're absent from MGM's megabox. But take my word for it; they're both pretty awful". Retrospective reviews of the film remain positive. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 55 critics and judged 71% of the reviews as positive, with a top critics' rating of 70%. The site's critical consensus reads: "While the rehashed story feels rather uninspired and unnecessary, the return of both Sean Connery and a more understated Bond make Never Say Never Again a watchable retread." The score is still more positive than some of the Eon films, with Rotten Tomatoes ranking Never Say Never Again 16th among all Bond films in 2008. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 68 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating generally favourable reviews. Empire gave the film three of a possible five stars, observing that "Connery was perhaps wise to call it quits the first time round". IGN gave Never Say Never Again a score of five out of ten, claiming that the film "is more miss than hit". The reviewer also thought that the film was "marred with too many clunky exposition scenes and not enough moments of Bond being Bond".

In 1995, Michael Sauter of Entertainment Weekly rated Never Say Never Again as the ninth best Bond film to that point, after 17 films had been released. Sauter thought the film "is successful only as a portrait of an over-the-hill superhero." He admitted that "even past his prime, Connery proves that nobody does it better". James Berardinelli, in his review of  Never Say Never Again, thinks the re-writing of the Thunderball story has led to a film which has "a hokey, jokey feel, [it] is possibly the worst-written Bond script of all". Berardinelli concludes that "it's a major disappointment that, having lured back the original 007, the film makers couldn't offer him something better than this drawn-out, hackneyed story." Critic Danny Peary wrote that "it was great to see Sean Connery return as James Bond after a dozen years". He also thought the supporting cast was good, saying that Klaus Maria Brandauer's Largo was "neurotic, vulnerable ... one of the most complex of Bond's foes" and that Barbara Carrera and Kim Basinger "make lasting impressions." Peary also wrote that the "film is exotic, well acted, and stylishly directed ... It would be one of the best Bond films if the finale weren't disappointing. When will filmmakers realize that underwater fight scenes don't work because viewers usually can't tell the hero and villain apart and they know doubles are being used?"

Jim Smith and Stephen Lavington, in their 2002 retrospective Bond Films, lament: "The production chaos is visible on screen, with frequently mediocre editing, direction, stunt work and photography all emerging from the restricted budget. [...] At the time, Never Say Never Again got away with it, thanks to public and critical pleasure at seeing Connery again. Now it is dated, slow and (worst of all) looks cheap, faring badly when compared to even the poorest of the Eon films."

Legacy
Originally, Never Say Never Again was intended to start a series of Bond films produced by Schwartzman and starring Connery as James Bond, with McClory announcing the next planned film, S.P.E.C.T.R.E, in a February 1984 issue of Screen International. When Connery announced that he would not reprise his role as Bond in another film produced by Schwartzman three weeks before the deadline to purchase the rights to another film for $5 million, Schwartzman said that he was unlikely to make another film without a deal from MGM/UA and Danjaq.

In the 1990s, McClory announced plans to make another adaptation of the Thunderball story starring Timothy Dalton entitled Warhead 2000 AD, but the film was eventually scrapped. In 1997, Sony Pictures acquired McClory's rights for an undisclosed amount, and subsequently announced that it intended to make a series of Bond films, as the company also held the rights to Casino Royale. This move prompted a round of litigation from MGM, which was settled out-of-court, forcing Sony to give up all claims on Bond; McClory still claimed he would proceed with another Bond film, and continued his case against MGM and Danjaq; on 27 August 2001, the court rejected McClory's suit. McClory died in 2006; MGM's acquisition of the rights to Casino Royale finally allowed Eon Productions to make a serious, non-satirical film adaptation of that novel the same year, with Daniel Craig as James Bond. Ultimately, in 2013, McClory's heirs sold the Thunderball rights to Eon, allowing the company to reintroduce Blofeld to the Eon series in the film Spectre.

On 4 December 1997, MGM announced that the company had purchased the rights to Never Say Never Again from Schwartzman's company Taliafilm. The company has since handled the release of both the DVD and Blu-ray editions of the film.

title: Never Say Never Again


text:
Talk:Physical education

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jacobs22. Peer reviewers: Eevans11, Jacobs22.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:37, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Suggested merger with Lack of physical education
I think that someone should merge Lack of physical education with this article. I'm going to go WP:BOLD and act on this if no one comments here before May 7. Littleb2009 (talk) 19:45, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

Actually, I think there might be a better option than merging, due to article length. Comment if you have a better idea. I'm going to de-watchlist this article and leave it to you. littleb2009 (talk page) 19:20, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

PE requirements for K-12
At the end of the second paragraph I thought it may be informative to discuss the recommended PE guidelines provided by the American Heart Association and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. For example,

The National Heart Association and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education recommend daily physical education from kindergarten through 12th grade. The minimum amount of physical education is typically set by state law, and only one state in the union requires PE daily K-12. Enrollment in Physical Education courses declines with older age, and only about 60% of High School students are enrolled in a PE course.

MWGIB (talk) 03:44, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

History of P.E.
The nature, content and circumstances of training for children and people in general have changed througout time, shalln't this be adressed in here? I bet there are those who know a thing or two 'bout PE in the mid 19th century or in the 17th... How did it work in the 16th, 15th or 14th? There's a lot of data that can be added to this article if you can back it up...Undead Herle King (talk) 23:46, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Article cleanup and organization
Anyone else notice the major cleanup this article needs? I don't have all that much time in the near future but I'll see what I can do. If anyone else would like to see what they can do, that'd be great. WM2 12:04, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It certainly does need a cleanup. Also needs a removal of its US bias. It's written totally from a US perspective, with the rest of the world added as an afterthought. I'll play here a little for a while, but it may need a total rewrite, or a split. HiLo48 (talk) 07:51, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

 * One of the things that I noticed in this article are the interchaning use of the abbreviation. How should it be, PE or P.E.?  To me it looks sloppy that the same section of the article contains both. I'd change it, but first I think it should be decided which to use? Traveling matt (talk) 01:15, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree that the article was widely written from a US perspective. In order to provide balance to the article, I have added content that is supported by global research efforts; including literature reviews and other sources that reflect a global perspective. I recommend continuing to add citations and references that support a global experience of physical education. I was also interested to learn that some countries are recently adopting a more westernized approach to physical education in schools. EllaJoseph1 (talk) 01:53, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

P.E. is not the only way this activity is named ...
I also noticed how American-centric this article is ... P.E. is called other things in other countries. For example in Northern Rhodesia (today's Zambia) and in South Africa where I was schooled, it was called P.T. (Physical Training). When my family emigrated to the United States in 1964, I noticed the Americans called it something else (P.E.). I would assume that in other British Commonwealth countries, it is likely to be similarly named as P.T. I would assume the appellation "P.T." having British origins. Amsterdave (talk) 10:05, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I've just addressed that, with a reference link.Thomas Blomberg (talk) 09:08, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

Hatnote for Community episode by the same name
The episode of Community is called "Physical Education" if this article would not exist that article would take this place, since it obviously does, anyone searching for the episode by its title will be redirected here (capitalization wise). Thus a hatnote is appropriate to guide people to the correct article. See WP:SIMILAR and the entire purpose of hatnotes at WP:HAT.  X  eworlebi (talk) 20:40, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Oh, come on. Physical education is a well established, long-lasting term, with global meaning for much of the the worlds population. You want to clutter the top of its article with the name of one episode of a minor, no doubt ephemeral American TV show. It's trivial stuff for a tiny minority of people. As I asked in my Edit summary, are the show's viewers really that dumb? HiLo48 (talk) 22:23, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Do you not know what hat-notes are for? The name of the episode is the same as this article, therefor a hat-note is the proper way, unless you think this article should be moved to a disambiguated place and this page be turned in a disambiguation page. This has absolutely nothing to do with the content of either page, just that both exists, since this is the basic page name, a hat-note is required to find the episode article. This is one of the most basic purposes of hat-notes, please read up on hat-notes at WP:HAT.  X  eworlebi (talk) 06:30, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, I know what hatnotes are for. I also believe that notability should play a part here. It just seems ridiculous to have such a trivial item getting in the way of the start of an article on a major topic. Surely someone looking for an episode of a TV series would know to find it via the article for that series. I have NEVER thought of looking up an episode of a TV series by its name alone. HiLo48 (talk) 11:26, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Sorry, HiLo, but the hatnote is appropriate. If there were more articles called "Physical Education (foo)", we could have a disambiguation page. There aren't, so the access to the TV episode article has to be via this hatnote. There are lots of similarly daft-looking hatnotes around Wikipedia - where an obscure rock band or TV episode is the only other meaning of some serious word or phrase - and we just have to live with it. However often you remove the hatnote, I think you will find it gets replaced. (Don't forget WP:3RR). PamD (talk) 12:50, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * But I think I've improved the hatnote: using about rather than for allows us to let prospective readers of the main article bypass the rest of the hatnote. PamD (talk) 12:57, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I simply ask again. How stupid are the fans of this TV show. The hatnote is only appropriate if they are morons. HiLo48 (talk) 20:42, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Not necessarily stupid at all. A perfectly intelligent people would follow this reasoning: I want to read about this episode of this show; I guess Wikipedia includes individual articles on episodes of this series; I know such an article will be at the title of the episode; if I type "Physical education" it will probably lead me to an article about gym but will also navigate me to the article I need either directly or via a disambiguation page. The difference is that this hypothetical intelligent fan of the show understands the navigation systems of Wikipedia. PamD (talk) 22:46, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Gymnastics?
I don't understand how we can be using gymnastics synonymously with physical education? Gymnastics is an activity within physical education. This is like saying "Physical education or Tennis". Gymnastics is WITHIN physical education, and therefore, I cannot see how we can be using them synonymously. I think we need to remove this from the introduction of the article: "or gymnastics (gym or gym class)". Brock 009 (talk) 11:45, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 4 one external links on Physical education. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080930151303/http://www.visayandailystar.com:80/2008/September/27/sportnews1.htm to http://www.visayandailystar.com/2008/September/27/sportnews1.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070523121915/http://www.garimot.com:80/articles/index.html to http://www.garimot.com/articles/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090115150606/http://www.mindanaotimes.com.ph:80/story.php?id=22801 to http://www.mindanaotimes.com.ph/story.php?id=22801
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061212025619/http://www.edu.gov.on.ca:80/eng/teachers/dpa1-3.pdf to http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/teachers/dpa1-3.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:50, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/education/education-terms-and-concepts/physical-education-and-training. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. /wiae /tlk  00:36, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

Zero hour P.E.
Have merged content from mini stub Zero hour P.E. to the North America section, and redirected Zero hour P.E. here, not sure if a history merge is needed, thanks Atlantic306 (talk) 20:10, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Blatant Copying
Hi all,

I'm not sure how there's been so many edits on this page without noticing the completely out of place British PE curriculum that is in the middle of the Europe section. I cannot imagine of a reason that the 2016 UK PE Curriculum belongs on a general page describing the function of physical education in general. Therefore, I will be deleting that section.

ChunyangD (talk) 06:36, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

Overhauled
I overhauled the entire article in the past four hours. I redid the "trends" section, which did not make sense, and turned it into a pedagogy section (with citations and encyclopedic reading!). I then reordered the by location section and made it easier to follow. I also added some expansion tags, such as. Since the main issue with the article was disorganization and unencyclopedic prose, I'm going to remove the cleanup tag for now. However, the to-do list on the talk page is still valid and needed!

Jmaxx37 (talk) 05:50, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Information Literacy and Scholarly Discourse
— Assignment last updated by Dsackey (talk) 22:49, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: EDFN 508 Introduction to Research
— Assignment last updated by EllaJoseph1 (talk) 15:29, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

Removal of Health Education?
I am thinking about removing the reference to health education in the opening paragraph. Health education is not always a part of the physical education curriculum. While PE curriculum often addresses health concepts, it does not always address all health education standards. In some countries, health education is the responsibility of the entire school community, not a specialist. For this reason, I think it would be best to remove the last two sentences in the opening paragraph. Does anybody have a different opinion? EllaJoseph1 (talk) 02:29, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA23 - Sect 202 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by Jz5863 (talk) 21:35, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Importance of PE
Mention some information about impotance of Physical education 2409:408C:1E8A:844:5676:8008:7DF0:DA60 (talk) 06:54, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Physical education


text:
Wikipedia:Successful bureaucratship candidacies

This is a list of links to successful bureaucratship requests. Bureaucrat requests and discussions are conducted at Requests for adminship. See also Successful requests for adminship.

For nominees who did not become bureaucrats, see Unsuccessful bureaucratship candidacies.

A list of current bureaucrats is at Bureaucrats.

2022

 * Lee Vilenski, closed 15 June 2022 by Primefac at (158/6/2)

2020

 * WereSpielChequers, closed 3 March 2020 by Useight at (161/14/2)
 * SilkTork, closed 3 March 2020 by Primefac at (168/8/2)

2019

 * Primefac, closed 7 April 2019 by Maxim at (151/7/5)
 * DeltaQuad, closed 13 March 2019 by Xaosflux at (229/6/2)

2016

 * Xaosflux, closed 9 July 2016 by Acalamari at (173/1/1)

2014

 * Acalamari2, closed 31 January 2014 by Xeno at (108/0/0)
 * Worm That Turned, closed 27 January 2014 by WJBscribe at (150/15/1)

2013

 * Writ Keeper, closed 16 December 2013 by Avi at (113/2/3)
 * Addshore, closed 4 June 2013 by Maxim at (92/17/7)
 * Wizardman2, closed 29 March 2013 by 28bytes at (175/5/1)

2012

 * 28bytes, closed 2 August 2012 by Maxim at (135/3/2)
 * WilliamH, closed 21 March 2012 by WJBscribe at (125/0/2)

2011

 * Hersfold, closed 20 July 2011 by WJBscribe at (124/22/3)
 * Maxim, closed 1 June 2011 by Avi at (117/14/13)

2010

 * Xeno, closed 4 June 2010 by Rlevse at (170/9/3)
 * X!, closed 8 March 2010 by Useight at (112/15/3)
 * Useight, closed 23 January 2010 by WJBscribe at (109/0/1)

2009

 * Nihonjoe, closed 28 November 2009 by EVula at (129/27/1)
 * MBisanz, closed 15 August 2009 by WJBscribe at (218/20/6)
 * Avraham, closed 8 April 2009 by Rlevse at (135/6/3)
 * Anonymous Dissident, closed 31 March 2009 by Warofdreams at (159/3/3)

2008

 * Bibliomaniac15, closed 9 September 2008 by Rlevse at (125/1/0)
 * Dweller, closed 27 August 2008 by WJBscribe at (99/7/5)
 * Rlevse, closed 29 July 2008 by Deskana at (154/7/2)
 * EVula, closed 3 June 2008 by WJBscribe at (122/1/2)
 * The Rambling Man, closed 6 March 2008 by WJBscribe at (133/4/3)

2007

 * WJBscribe, closed 29 November 2007 by Cecropia at (172/3/1)
 * Andrevan, closed 11 July 2007 by Raul654 at (78/12/2)
 * Deskana, closed 10 July 2007 by Raul654 at (117/12/3)
 * Cecropia, closed 17 May 2007 by Secretlondon at (116/5/5) (reconfirmation)

2006

 * Redux, closed 12 June 2006 by Taxman at (79/1/2)
 * Taxman, closed 5 May 2006 by Warofdreams at (94/3/1)
 * Essjay, closed 31 March 2006 by Danny at (143/16/4)
 * Francs2000, closed 9 January 2006 by Cecropia at (70/5/0)

2005

 * Linuxbeak, closed 21 December 2005 by Cecropia at (120/2/2)
 * Nichalp, closed 6 September 2005 by Rdsmith4 at (46/4/3)
 * Rdsmith4, closed 4 September 2005 by Raul654 at (51/1/0)

2004

 * UninvitedCompany, closed 17 October 2004 by Cecropia at (25/2/1)
 * Bcorr, closed 23 August 2004 by Infrogmation at (40/0/0)
 * Danny, closed 27 June 2004 by Cecropia at (25/2/0)
 * Warofdreams, closed 25 June 2004 by Angela at (15/2/0)
 * Cecropia, closed 25 June 2004 by Angela at (25/2/0)
 * Jwrosenzweig, closed 25 June 2004 by Angela at (38/0/0)
 * Raul654, closed 24 June 2004 by Ilyanep at (50/2/0)
 * Ilyanep, closed 20 June 2004 by Angela at (15/0/0)
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 * Ugen64, closed 14 March 2004 by Angela at (7/0/0)
 * Cprompt, closed 1 March 2004 by Infrogmation at (8/0/0)
 * Pakaran, closed 1 March 2004 by Ed Poor at (13/1/0)
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 * Kingturtle, closed 28 February 2004 by Infrogmation at (15/0/0)
 * Infrogmation, closed 27 February 2004 by Ed Poor at (11/0/0)
 * Ed Poor, closed 26 February 2004 by Angela at (28/4/2)

The original bureaucrats chosen when the role was created (17 February 2004) were:
 * Angela
 * Eloquence
 * Secretlondon
 * Stan Shebs
 * Tim Starling
 * TUF-KAT

Before the bureaucrat permission was created, administrators were promoted by manual updates to the database. Most such updates were performed by Ed Poor, Eloquence, or Tim Starling. (see Adminship promotion history)