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Ipponmatsu, Ehime

Ipponmatsu (一本松町) was a town located in Minamiuwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,204 and a density of 58.15 persons per km2. The total area was 72.29 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Ipponmatsu, along with the towns of Jōhen, Mishō and Nishiumi, and the village of Uchiumi (all from Minamiuwa District), was merged to create the town of Ainan.

title: Ipponmatsu, Ehime


text:
Public holidays in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has numerous public holidays, including national memorial, religious and secular holidays of Bengali origin. The Bengali traditional calendar, known as Baṅgābda is the national and official calendar in Bangladesh. The holidays are celebrated according to Bengali, Islamic or Gregorian calendars for religious and civil purposes, respectively. Religious festivals like Eid are celebrated according to the Islamic calendar whereas other national holidays are celebrated according to the Bengali and Gregorian calendar. While the Islamic calendar is based on the movement of the moon, it loses synchronization with the seasons, through seasonal drift. Therefore, some public holidays are subject to change every year based on the lunar calendar.

There are fifteen public holidays in Bangladesh. Muslims and non-Muslims have four religious holidays each in addition to the seven secular national holidays. For the Muslims, nine major Islamic holidays: Ashura, Mawlid, Isra' and Mi'raj, Shab-e-Barat, first day of Ramadan, Revelation of the Quran, Laylat al-Qadr,   Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are observed. For the Hindus: Holi, Krishna Janmashtami, Durga Puja, Diwali and Raksha Bandhan are celebrated. As for the Christians: New Year, Good Friday, Easter Saturday, Easter Sunday, Halloween, Christmas Eve, Christmas, Boxing Day, St. Patrick's Day and New Year's Eve are celebrated. Buddhists: Vesak and Chinese New Year are celebrated.

Festivals in Bangladesh

 * List of festivals in Bangladesh

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Public holidays in Bangladesh


text:
Nishiumi, Ehime

Nishiumi (西海町) was a town located in Minamiuwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005, the town had an estimated population of 2787 and a density of 127.79 persons per km2. The total area was 21.81 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Nishiumi, along with the towns of Ipponmatsu, Jōhen and Mishō, and the village of Uchiumi (all from Minamiuwa District), was merged to create the town of Ainan.

Though now part of Ainan, Nishiumi itself consisted of many individual villages (localities/hamlets) including Fukuura, Funakoshi, Nishiura, and Sotodomari, among others.

The industry in Nishiumi consists primarily of fishing and agriculture, producing things such as bonito and mikan oranges.

Geography and climate
Nishiumi's name literally translates to West sea, which is fitting because the area is a peninsula that juts off the south-western edge of Ehime and into the Pacific Ocean. The geography of Nishiumi is dominated by mountains and inlets, most of which are covered by forest and jungle. Nishiumi lies in Japan's humid subtropical region and has a particularly mild winter, rarely seeing any snow. However, it is known for having very strong winter winds which blow off the ocean.

Tourism
Notable destinations in Nishiumi district include Kashima island which is part of Ashizuri-Uwakai national park, Cape Komo, a scenic overlook, and the town of Sotodomari, which is known for its terraced stone walls.

title: Nishiumi, Ehime


text:
Minamiuwa District, Ehime

Minamiuwa (南宇和郡) is a district located in Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2004, the estimated population is 28,100 and the total area is 239.54 km2.

The district includes one town.
 * Ainan

History

 * 1878 — The Minamiuwa District broke off from the Uwa District through Meiji era land reforms. (7 villages)
 * February 11, 1923 — The village of Mishō gained town status. (1 town, 6 villages)
 * February 11, 1923 — The village of Jōhen gained town status. (2 towns, 5 villages)
 * November 3, 1948 — The village of Uchiumi broke up into Uchiumi and Minamiuchiumi, with some parts merging into Jōhen. (2 towns,  6 villages)
 * April 1, 1952 — The village of Higashisotoumi gained town status. (3 towns, 5 villages)
 * September 1, 1952 — The village of Midorisōzu merged into the town of Jōhen. (3 towns, 4 villages)
 * October 1, 1952 — The village of Nishisotoumi was renamed and gained town status to become the town of Nishiumi. (4 towns, 3 villages)
 * September 21, 1956 — The town of Higashisotoumi merged into the town of Jōhen. (3 towns, 3 villages)
 * September 30, 1956 — The village of Minamiuchiumi merged into the town of Mishō. (3 towns, 2 villages)
 * January 1, 1962 — The village of Ipponmatsu gained town status. (4 towns, 1 village)
 * October 1, 2004 — The towns of Ipponmatsu, Mishō, Jōhen and Nishiumi, and the village of Uchiumi merged to form the new town of Ainan. (1 town)

title: Minamiuwa District, Ehime


text:
Anatoly Onoprienko

Anatoly Yuriyovych Onoprienko (Анатолій Юрійович Онопрієнко; Анато́лий Ю́рьевич Оноприе́нко, Anatoly Yuryevich Onoprienko; July 25, 1959 – August 27, 2013) was a Soviet and Ukrainian serial killer and mass murderer. Known by the nicknames The Beast of Ukraine, The Terminator, and Citizen O, Onoprienko confessed to killing fifty-two people upon being apprehended in April 1996.

Early life
Anatoly Onoprienko was born in the village of Lasky in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. He was the younger of two sons; his brother, Valentin, was thirteen years older. His father, Yuri Onoprienko, was decorated for bravery while serving on the Eastern Front during the Second World War.

Onoprienko's mother died when he was four years old. He was cared for by his grandparents and aunt for a time before being handed over to an orphanage in the village of Pryvitne, Volyn Oblast. According to Onoprienko, he resented the fact that he had been given away by his father, while his brother continued to stay under his care. In one interview, he later alleged that it was this that predetermined his destiny, and remarked that seventy percent of those brought up in orphanages end up in prison as adults.

Victims
When finally arrested by police, Onoprienko was found to be in possession of a total of 122 items, including a sawed-off TOZ-34 shotgun, a number of other weapons which matched those used in several of killings, and a number of items which had been removed from victims. He eventually confessed to eight killings between 1989 and 1995. He initially denied other charges, but ultimately confessed to the killing of fifty-two victims over a six-year period. While in custody, Onoprienko claimed that he killed in response to commands he was given by inner voices.

These are the following murders confessed by Onoprienko, in chronological order:

1–10. In 1989, a family of ten – two adults and eight children – were killed during an attempted robbery. Onoprienko confessed that he and an accomplice, Sergei Rogozin, committed the murders with weapons that they carried for self-defense. He also stated that he cut off all contact with Rogozin afterwards.

11–15. In that same year, five people, including an 11-year-old boy, were shot dead while sleeping in a car before their bodies were burned. Onoprienko stated that the murders were unintentional and that he had planned only to burglarize the car.

16–19. On December 24, 1995, the Zaichenko family of four were killed with a sawed-off double-barreled shotgun during a robbery in their home at Garmarnia, a village in central Ukraine, which was set ablaze afterwards.

20–24. On January 2, 1996, a family of four were shot and killed. The murders were quickly followed by that of a male pedestrian whom Onoprienko killed in order to eliminate potential witnesses.

25–28. On January 6, 1996, Onoprienko allegedly killed four people in three separate incidents on the Berdyansk-Dnieprovs'k highway, by stopping cars before killing the drivers. The victims were Kasai, a Ukrainian Navy ensign; Savitsky, a taxi driver; Kochergina, a kolkhoz cook; and an unidentified victim.

29–35. On January 17, 1996, the Pilat family of five were shot and killed in their home, which was then set ablaze. Two potential witnesses were then killed, a 27-year-old railroad worker named Kondzela and a 56-year-old pedestrian named Zakharko.

36–39. On January 30, 1996, Marusina, her two sons, and a 32-year-old visitor named Zagranichniy were all shot dead in the Fastiv, Kyiv Oblast, region of Ukraine.

40–43. On February 19, 1996, the Dubchak family were killed in their home in Olevsk, Zhytomyr Oblast. According to Onoprienko, he shot and killed the father and the son, mauled the mother to death with a hammer, and demanded money from the daughter before mauling her to death as well when she refused.

44–48. On February 27, 1996, the Bodnarchuk family were killed in their home in Malyn, Lviv Oblast. According to Onoprienko, he fatally shot the parents and then hacked the daughters, aged seven and eight, to death with an axe. An hour later, Onoprienko then allegedly shot and killed a neighboring businessman named Tsalk who was wandering around the Bodnarchuk property, hacking his corpse with the axe afterwards.

49–52. On March 22, 1996, the Novosad family of four was Onoprienko's last alleged victims. According to him, he shot and killed all of the family members and set their home on fire to eliminate any traces of evidence.

Methods
Onoprienko's modus operandi consisted of choosing an isolated house and gaining the attention of the occupants by creating a commotion. He would kill all occupants starting with the adult male, before going to find and kill the spouse and finally the children. He would then usually set the buildings alight in an attempt to cover the evidence. He would also kill any potential witness to cross his path during his murderous rampages.

Capture and conviction
In March 1996, the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and Public Prosecutor's Office specialists detained 26-year-old Yury Mozola as a suspect of several brutal murders. Over the course of three days, six SBU members and one representative of the Public Prosecutor's Office tortured Mozola. Mozola refused to confess to the crimes and died during the torture. Seven responsible for the death were sentenced to prison terms. Seventeen days later, the real murderer, Onoprienko, was found after a massive manhunt, seven years after his first murder. This happened after he moved in with one of his relatives and his stash of weapons was discovered. Onoprienko was forced to leave the house. Days later, from the information received, Onoprienko was captured.

Onoprienko was sentenced to death, but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment; in 1995 Ukraine had entered the Council of Europe and thus (at the time) it undertook to abolish capital punishment.

Death
Onoprienko died in Zhytomyr prison on August 27, 2013, at the age of 54.

title: Anatoly Onoprienko


text:
User:David McIlwain

David McIlwain, aka, Charles Eric Maine (1921 - 1981)

I am nought but the sum of my editing.

Long live Wikipedia 萬歳!

Conspiracy theories: where the stupid believe they could teach the intelligent.

title: User:David McIlwain


text:
Uchinomi, Kagawa

Uchinomi (内海町) was a former town in Shōzu District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. The town was created in 1949 by merging villages on the eastern part of Shōdoshima, an island in the Seto Inland Sea. In 2006, Uchinomi was dissolved and merged with the town of Ikeda (also from Shōzu District) to create the new town of Shōdoshima.

The former villages of Nishimura, Kusakabe, Yasuda, Nōma, Sakate, and Fukuda belonged to Uchinomi.

title: Uchinomi, Kagawa


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Public holidays in Mongolia

The following are the public holidays in Mongolia and other special days.

Public Holidays

 * 1. Based on the non-Gregorian Mongolian calendar (Bilgiin toolol)

Other special days and celebrations

 * Constitution Day (January 13)
 * Patriots' Day (March 1)
 * Mongolian military day (March 18)
 * Health Day (April 7)
 * Intellectual Property Day (April 26)
 * Family Day (May 15)
 * National literary culture and book days (Saturday and Sunday of third week of May and September)
 * State Flag Day (July 10)
 * Youth Day (August 25)
 * New harvest days (September 5 – October 20)
 * Repression Victims' Day (September 10)
 * Environment Safety Day (fourth week of September)
 * Elders' Day (October 1)
 * Capital City Day (October 29)
 * Democracy and Human Rights Day (December 10)

title: Public holidays in Mongolia


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Tonoshō, Kagawa

Tonoshō (土庄町) is a town and port in Shōzu District, Kagawa, Japan, with a population of 12,915. The town lies on the west coast of the island of Shōdoshima—the second-largest island in the Seto Inland Sea—and it is the main passenger access for the island. First settled around the 8th century, the town center grew into a complex maze of streets during the war-torn Muromachi period (1336–1573) to inhibit enemy forces. The town was officially incorporated in 1898, and today sesame oil, olives, sōmen noodles, fishing and tourism are important industries.

The town's jurisdiction totals 74.38 km2, covering historic Tonoshō and smaller settlements on western Shōdoshima, as well as Teshima, Odeshima, and other nearby islands.

The town is known as the setting of the manga and anime Teasing Master Takagi-san and is the creator's hometown. Tonoshō also participates in the regional Setouchi Triennale art festival, and several art installations are found in the area.

Notable locations
Modern Tonoshō includes all of western Shodoshima, Teshima, and surrounding islands.
 * Angel Road, a 500-meter-long sandbar that appears during low tide, connecting Shodoshima with a series of small islets
 * Chōshi Gorge
 * Dofuchi Strait, the narrowest strait in the world
 * Teshima, a large island to the west

Notable people

 * Sōichirō Yamamoto, a Japanese manga artist and the creator of Teasing Master Takagi-san

title: Tonoshō, Kagawa


text:
Ikeda, Kagawa

Ikeda (池田) is a port and former town, now a part of Shōdoshima Town, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located midway along the south coast of Shōdoshima, the second-largest island in the Seto Inland Sea. The port is one of three on the island with passenger service to Takamatsu, the prefecture capital.

The community was designated a village in 1889, upgraded to a town in 1929, and merged with the villages of Nibu and Mito in 1954. In 2006, as part of nationwide mergers, Ikeda and the town of Uchinomi (both from Shōzu District) were merged to create the new town of Shōdoshima. Ikeda is no longer an independent municipality.

title: Ikeda, Kagawa


text:
Shōzu District, Kagawa

Shōzu (小豆郡) is a district in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan that covers the towns of Shōdoshima and Tonoshō. The district includes the islands of Shōdoshima, Teshima, and nearby small islands in the Seto Inland Sea.

As of 2020, the district has an estimated population of 34,714. The total area is 169.97 km2, most of which is on the island of Shōdoshima.

Towns and villages

 * Shōdoshima
 * Tonoshō

Mergers

 * On March 21, 2006 the towns of Ikeda and Uchinomi merged to form the new town of Shōdoshima.

title: Shōzu District, Kagawa


text:
Miki, Kagawa

Miki (三木町) is a town located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 26,449 in 10963 households and a population density of 270 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 75.78 sqkm.

Geography
Miki is located in eastern Kagawa Prefecture on ten island of Shikoku. The town area is long from north to south, and consists of hilly areas in the north, plains in the center, and mountainous areas in the south. It borders the prefectural capital, Takamatsu City, to the north, west, and southwest, Sanuki City to the east, and Mima City, Tokushima Prefecture to the southeast. From the northern part to the central and southern part, it is the basin of the Shinkawa River system, which originates from Mt. Kosen.

Neighbouring municipalities
Kagawa Prefecture Tokushima Prefecture
 * Takamatsu
 * Sanuki
 * Mima

Climate
Miki has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Miki is 15.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1606 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 26.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.0 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Utazu has been increasing steadily since the 1960s.

History
The area of Miki was part of ancient Sanuki Province. During the Edo Period, the area was part of the holdings of Takamatsu. Following the Meiji restoration, the area was organized into villages with the creation of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. The village of Hirai was raised to town status on April 1, 1919. The town of Miki was created on October 1, 1954 by merging the town of Hirai and the villages of Hikami, Kamiyama, Shimotakaoka and Tanaka. In 1956 the village of Ido also merged into Miki, but in 1959 residents in the northern part of Ido requested their portion be transferred to the town of Nagao (present-day Sanuki city).

Government
Miki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 16 members. Miki contributes one member to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Kagawa 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The local economy is based on admixture of agriculture (rice, strawberries, asparagus, tomatoes, and other agricultural products), food processing and light manufacturing.

Education
Miki has four public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high school operated by the Kagawa Prefectural Board of Education.

Railways
Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Kotoden Nagao Line
 * Ikenobe - Nōgakubumae - Hiragi - Gakuen-dōri - Shirayama - Ido - Kumonmyō

Highways

 * JP Expressway E11.svg Takamatsu Expressway

title: Miki, Kagawa


text:
Mure, Kagawa

Mure (牟礼町) was a town located in Kita District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. The north and south of the town are hilly; the center is flat and suitable for housing development.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 18,108 and a density of 1,098.79 persons per km2. The total area was 16.48 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Mure, along with the town of Aji (also from Kita District), the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan (both from Kagawa District), and the town of Kokubunji (from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

The town tree was the eucalyptus, and the town flower the camellia. These symbols represent ambition, good luck, longevity and positive relationships.

Mure had sister city relationships with Mure, Nagano and has an active relationship with Elberton, Georgia, United States.

title: Mure, Kagawa


text:
Rollins College

Rollins College is a private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida. It was founded in November 1885 and has about 30 undergraduate majors and several master's programs. It is Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution.

History
Rollins College is Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution, and has been independent, nonsectarian, and coeducational from conception. Lucy Cross, founder of the Daytona Institute for Young Women in 1880, first placed the matter of establishing a college in Florida before the Congregational Churches in 1884. In 1885, the church put her on the committee in charge of determining the location of their first college in Florida. Cross is known as the "Mother of Rollins College." Rollins was incorporated, organized, and named in the Lyman Park building in nearby Sanford, Florida, on April 28, 1885, opening for classes in Winter Park on November 4 of that year. It was established by New England Congregationalists who sought to bring their style of liberal arts education to the frontier St. John's basin. A commemorative plaque listing the names of the founders was dedicated 1 March 1954 and is displayed in historic Downtown Sanford.

Early benefactors of Rollins College included Chicago businessman Alonzo Rollins (1832-1887), for whom the college is named. Rollins made substantial donations to enable the founding of the college, and was a trustee and its first treasurer.

Another early benefactor was Franklin Fairbanks of St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Fairbanks was president of the family business, Fairbanks Scales, and was a founder of Winter Park, a donor to Rollins College and a trustee.

In March of 1936 during a visit to Central Florida, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt was conferred an honorary degree in literature at the Knowles Chapel on campus. Other U.S. presidents who have visited the campus include Calvin Coolidge (1930), Harry Truman (1949), Ronald Reagan (1976; prior to his 1980 election), and Barack Obama (2012).

Firing of John Andrew Rice and required loyalty pledge
President Hamilton Holt decided to require all professors to make a "loyalty pledge" to keep their jobs. In March 1933, Holt fired John Andrew Rice, an atheist scholar and unorthodox teacher, whom Holt had hired, along with three other "golden personalities" (as Holt called them), in his push to put Rollins on the cutting edge of innovative education, for refusing to sign the loyalty pledge. The American Association of University Professors censured Rollins. The widely publicized case was investigated by the American Association of University Professors, and it is known as the "Rollins College Case" among historians of tenure. The four fired faculty quickly founded experimental Black Mountain College, with a gift from a former Rollins College faculty member.

Okinawa statue
In October 1994, the school made international headlines when the government of Japan, per the request of its Okinawa Prefecture, asked for the return of a statue that was taken as war loot after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945 by Clinton C. Nichols, at that time, a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy and a Rollins alum. Nichols had presented the statue of Ninomiya Sontoku, a prominent 19th-century Japanese agricultural leader, philosopher, moralist, and economist, to then-President Hamilton Holt, who promised to keep the statue permanently in the main lobby of the Warren Administration Building. At first, the school rejected the offer made by Okinawan officials, who suggested that a replica of the statue will be presented to the school if the original was returned to the island. After consulting both with the U.S. State Department and the school's board of trustees, then-President Rita Bornstein accepted the offer and the statue was returned to Okinawa in 1995 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II. In addition to providing the school with a replica of the original statue, the government of Okinawa and Rollins signed "an agreement of cooperation" that pledges to develop additional cooperative projects between the college and Shogaku Junior and Senior High School, the Okinawan school where the original statue has been placed.

Kairis case
On March 31, 1998, the body of Jennifer Leah Kairis, a sophomore student, was found in her Ward Hall dormitory room by a residential assistant. Kairis, who had attended a fraternity party held by the Tau Kappa Epsilon chapter on campus hours before she had died, was both legally intoxicated and had a large amount of prescription drugs in her system. At first, the assistant medical examiner at the Orange County coroner's office ruled Kairis' death as a homicide. However, that conclusion was quickly changed after Shashi Gore, the county's chief medical examiner ruled that she had died as a result of an accidental prescription drug overdose. Kairis' parents, who always believed their daughter was raped and murdered by her college boyfriend, requested a lengthy state investigation into their daughter's death due to their belief that the Winter Park Police Department botched the case. On March 4, 2004, Bruce Hyma, the Miami-Dade County chief medical examiner and expert toxicologist hired by State Attorney Lawson Lamar ruled that Kairis had committed suicide via a prescription drug overdose. The seven-year investigation was officially closed on April 13, 2005. Regardless of the investigation's outcome, the Kairis family asked then Governor Jeb Bush to bring in an outside medical examiner to take another look at the case and autopsy results and order an independent investigation of their daughter's death to resolve what they called the "Dueling Medical Examiners".

Security measures
In September 2011, as a result of robbery suspects use of the campus to hide from law enforcement officers as well as the armed robbery of two students who were sitting in a car outside their dormitory within one week, the college's administration initiated discussions on new security measures. Some measures included blocking or limiting access to four of the school's entrances and installing new security cameras to assure student and faculty safety on campus. On January 7, 2014, a full-scale drill with armed police officers was held to make sure the college was ready in the event a hostile incident was to take place on campus. In October 2014, school officials alerted the student body of four incidents at one of its public parking garages near the campus where female students were threatened by a male aggressor.

Campus
The 70 acre campus contains a range of amenities, including a theater for performing arts; the Cornell Campus Center; and the Alfond Sports Center. The college is located in a picturesque setting in Winter Park, FL right across from Park Avenue.

Architecture
The Rollins campus is well known for its highly decorative Spanish and Mediterranean Revival style architecture. According to College Historian and Professor Emeritus Jack C. Lane, the Spanish-Mediterranean style blended best with the natural environment of Florida, and that Rollins 8th president Hamilton Holt felt "the college's unified curriculum should be reflected in the architectural style." Lane goes on to state that Rollins' campus architecture has stayed consistent since its opening, and that "the college has been extremely fortunate to have leaders who recognized the significance of architectural style for the educational process. By making certain that new buildings retained a harmony of design, these leaders left present and future generations a deeply profound legacy: architectural beauty and unity create a spiritual sense of place that inspires the entire educational and social life of a college."

Pugsley Hall & Mayflower Hall
In 1930, President Holt announced the gifts of Cornelius Pugsley and an anonymous donor for the construction of two women's dormitories, with their interiors designed by Virginia Huntington Robie. Pugsley and Mayflower Halls were dedicated in 1931. Mayflower Hall received its name from the Pilgrim ship. The Society of Friends at Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, gave Rollins a 16-inch section of beam from the ship, which, it had been discovered, had been salvaged to build a haybarn in England. The block of wood was placed above the fireplace in Mayflower Hall. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity moved into Pugsley Hall in 1997 and have occupied it all but one academic year since. In the 1990s, there were rows of shrubbery on either side of the sidewalk leading up to Pugsley Hall, which sits at the end of Park Avenue.

Chase Hall
Chase Hall was built in 1908. It was first used as a men's dormitory until 1966. From 1966 until 1999 it was used by the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, followed by the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. The Lucy Cross Center for Women and Their Allies was established in 2010 at Rollins College in Chase Hall, Room 205. The center is named after Lucy Cross, the "Mother of Rollins College" (see above).

Cross Hall
Cross Hall is named after Lucy Cross, the "Mother of Rollins College" (see above).

Hooker Hall
Hooker Hall was named after, the first president of Rollins College, Edward Payson Hooker (1838-1904). The building was originally used as housing for the Theta Kappa Nu fraternity then, in 1939, the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity moved in. Hooker was a Chi Psi at Middlebury College (Mu '54) and played an integral part in bringing the Chi Psi chapter, Alpha Mu Delta, to Rollins in 1977. Today, Hooker Hall is home to the Chi Psi fraternity, and is known to many faculty and students as The Chi Psi Lodge.

Pinehurst Cottage
The Rollins College website states that Pinehurst Cottage and Knowles I, the two structures established when the college founded, suffered a fire in 1909 which destroyed Knowles Hall and scorched Pinehurst's exterior. Pinehurst, originally a women's residence hall, over the years transformed into a men's dormitory, co-ed dormitory, the home of President Ward, a Library, chemistry lab, infirmary and then classroom. In November 1985, Pinehurst received Winter Park's Historic Preservation Commission's Historic Landmark award. The college renovated to maintain the building's original appearance. Today, Pinehurst is a co-ed residence hall that houses a special interest group which promotes academic fulfillment outside the classroom.

Alfond Boathouse
Built in 1988 to fulfill the Rollins College waterski and sailing teams' needs. The Alfond Boathouse sits on lake Virginia and has a total of 3 offices used by the waterski and sailing coaches, as well as a classroom, boat bay and observation deck. The exterior was renovated in 2016.

Peace Monument

Erected in 1938 and dedicated on Armistice Day by college president Hamilton Holt, it consists of a German artillery shell, surrendered by Germany at the end of the First World War, mounted on a pedestal, bearing this inscription:

 * Pause, passerby and hang your head in shame

 * This Engine of Destruction, Torture and Death Symbolizes:
 * The Prostitution of the Inventor
 * The Avarice of the Manufacturer
 * The Blood-guilt of the statesman
 * The Savagery of the Soldier
 * The Perverted Patriotism of the Citizen
 * The Debasement of the Human Race

 * That it can be Employed as an Instrument of Defense of Liberty, Justice and Right in Nowise Invalidates the Truth of the Words Here Graven.

 * —Hamilton Holt

The top half of the monument was stolen by vandals during World War II, but the plaque from the bottom half survives and is in the stairwell leading to the second floor of the Mills Memorial building.

In 2000, the Rollins College's Peace Monument was featured in a New York Times article.

Winter Park Institute
The Winter Park Institute, located in the Osceola Lodge on Interlachen Avenue, brings scholars, leaders, and artists from diverse fields of disciplines and expertise to the Rollins campus for symposiums, seminars, lectures, interviews, exhibits, readings, and master classes that are always free and open to the public. Following the legacy began by President Hamilton Holt and continued by President Hugh McKean, the Institute launched in the fall of 2008, the first guest being U.S. poet laureate Billy Collins, who has returned every year since. Other guests include Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Ken Burns, Gloria Steinem, Jane Goodall, Paul Simon, Itzhak Perlman, Nicholas Kristof, Sheryl Wu Dunn, Jane Pauley, and most recently, Sir Paul McCartney.

Olin Library
Rollins' Olin Library was dedicated in 1985, with a US$4.7 million grant from the F.W. Olin Foundation ($ today). It is four stories high, with 54000 sqft containing thousands of volumes, periodicals, serials, electronic resources, a number of special collections, and hundreds of compact discs, DVDs, and videotapes. From 1909 until 2011, the library was a federal government documents repository. Olin still provides access to hundreds of online government resources. Olin Library was one of three recipients of the 2013 ACRL Excellence in Academic Libraries Award.

In 2021, Olin Library collaborated with Rollins' Department of Art & Art History and the Rollins Museum of Art to establish the Rollins Book Arts Collection, an interdisciplinary teaching collection, directly supporting the college's curriculum and its long tradition of liberal education. The purpose of the collection is to use art as a medium through which students can better understand multifaceted issues — global politics, economies, cultures; the tensions around social structures and marginalized populations; conflicts between human development and the environment; art as a concept, expression, and a communication tool; and other contemporary issues that students will encounter in their coursework and everyday lives. It can be accessed in the reading room of Olin Library's Archives and Special Collections.

Olin Electronic Research and Information Center
The Olin Electronic Research and Information Center was also established in 1998 with a second gift of US$2.7 million from the F.W. Olin Foundation ($ today). The center features the latest technology, including computer stations, color printers, scanners, audio and video digitizers, compact discs, videodiscs, and videotapes. These tools facilitate creativity as students pursue research questions, prepare multimedia presentations, and create Web pages.

Origins as a "Carnegie Library"
Olin Libraries' collection is one of the oldest and most extensive in Central Florida, dating back (1909-1951) to its Carnegie Library founding as one of the original 14 Florida libraries funded by Andrew Carnegie. The original collection, at the founding of Rollins College in 1885, consisted of one Christian Bible and one dictionary. According to Cohen (2006), Carnegie's "donation of 108 libraries to colleges in the first two decades of the twentieth century assisted 10% of the institutions of higher learning in the United States. Carnegie had a preference for colleges and universities that served African-American students, which Rollins College president William Fremont Blackman noted the school did in a letter to Carnegie appealing for a library in 1904:

The fact that it is the only college in the country, North or South, in which the grandchildren of abolitionists and confederate soldiers, in about equal numbers, sit together in the same class-room and play together on the same athletic field, and learn thus to understand, respect and love one another;

Blackman's request consisted of $35,000 in total ($0 today): "$20,000 for a fireproof building, $3,000 for books, and $12,000 as an endowment for the continued purchase of books" ($0, $0 and $0 today respectively). Blackman received a response from Carnegie's secretary James Bertram that noted the request was too general for consideration, and that Carnegie would need a profile of the university before consideration. Little progress was made for over a year, when Blackman again wrote to Carnegie, noting the university's need for a library. Trustees and friends of the university wrote to Carnegie on Blackman's behalf, including W.W. Cummer, a trustee from Jacksonville who served on the board of the city's new Carnegie Library. A letter dated 22 June 1905 and written from Carnegie's home in Scotland brought the welcome news of the offer of a library. Carnegie offered $20,000 ($0 today) for the construction of a library provided that the same amount would be raised for the library's upkeep. While grateful for Carnegie's proposal, Blackman was uneasy with its terms because the amount of funding required to match Carnegie's offer would put a strain on those who had donated to start the college's endowment fund of $200,000 as well as paid a debt of $30,000 ($ combined today). In correspondence to Bertram dated July 11, 1905, Blackman wrote (according to Cohen):

Our college is in the poorest of States [Florida], remote from all centers of wealth and population, and our friends have strained themselves to the uttermost, in the effort to raise $230,000 in two years ($ today). I am by no means sure that we can meet Mr. Carnegie's conditions.

In a January 1906 letter Blackman wrote to Carnegie expressing concern about meeting the conditions for the gift, noting that the college had a large debt that took "considerable self-sacrifice on the part of our friends." That summer, another Florida college, Stetson University, was awarded $40,000 ($0 today) for a library from Carnegie. Upon learning this Blackman again wrote to Carnegie, seeking to amend the original terms of the agreement to match the amount that Stetson was awarded. He was turned down, but a year later was able to notify Carnegie that the school's trustees had been able to match the $20,000 necessary for the gift to be awarded. Bertram wrote to Blackman to inform him that Carnegie had "authorized his Cashier…to arrange payments on Library Building, as work progresses, to the extent of Twenty Thousand Dollars." ($0 today) The library, to be named Carnegie Hall, was dedicated on February 18, 1909.

The building had over 8,000 square feet of space, and was the school's first dedicated library building. It served as a library from 1909 until 1951. In addition to its function as a library, Carnegie Hall also served as the school's post office. Since the library was moved from Carnegie to the newly built Mills Memorial Library, it has also housed a bookstore, admissions office, faculty offices, and human resources office.

Archibald Granville Bush Science Center
The Bush Science Center at Rollins has state of the art SMART classrooms, faculty offices, and 38 teaching and research laboratories for the physical and behavioral sciences, mathematics, and computer science. The science center is where Donald J. Cram launched his chemical studies, becoming the 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry. Construction of the redesign of the Archibald Granville Bush Science Center began in the spring of 2012 and was completed prior to the beginning of the fall 2013 semester. The science center, which has 103,580 square feet and cost $30 million to upgrade ($ today), is now the largest building at Rollins. It has three floors and includes 51 offices, 15 classrooms, 15 teaching labs, 19 research labs and 18 student/faculty lounges.

Rollins Museum of Art
The Cornell Fine Arts Museum is located on school grounds and contains works of art and objects from antiquity to the 21st century. The museum was built instead of what would have been the Ackland Art Museum at Rollins; millionaire and amateur art collector William Hayes Ackland (1855-1940) wanted to leave his fortune to a Southern university for an art museum and narrowed his choices to Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Rollins, in that order. After Ackland's death, Duke refused the request, and UNC and Rollins, excised from Ackland's final will, both brought suit to locate Ackland's museum on their campuses. In a case that went to the United States Supreme Court, Ackland's trustees sided with UNC, but a lower court ruled for Rollins; a higher court finally granted the bequest to UNC. Rollins was represented in the case by former U.S. attorney general Homer Cummings.

Annie Russell Theatre
The Annie Russell Theatre is a historic theater in Winter Park, Florida, located on the premises of Rollins College. The theatre was named after the English-born actress Annie Russell in 1931, who taught at Rollins until she died of lung disease in 1936. It was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of Kiehnel and Elliott. In October 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Knowles Memorial Chapel
The Knowles Memorial Chapel is a historic chapel on the Rollins campus. In February 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Ground was broken for the chapel on March 9, 1931, and the cornerstone was laid on May 12 of the same year. The dedication service for the chapel took place just a year later on March 29, 1932. Though founded by a Congregational Church educational committee, Rollins has no religious affiliation, so the chapel is interdenominational. A Protestant service is held on Sunday mornings, and Catholic Mass is held on Sunday evenings.

A highlight of the chapel is a circular window of the seven liberal arts designed by Ralph Adams Cram and William Herbert Burnham.

Walk of Fame
The Rollins Walk of Fame, which circles Mills lawn, consists of stones taken from places connected to historic people. Past college president Hamilton Holt came up with the idea in the 1920s, and based the Walk of Fame on the "ancestral walk" at his home in Connecticut. The idea, Holt wrote, was "unique in conception and execution."

Holt officially dedicated the Walk of Fame in October 1929, originally calling it the Memorial Path of Fame. Holt presented 22 stones, including stones from the homes of American luminaries George Washington, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Daniel Webster, Calvin Coolidge, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Early additions to the Walk of Fame were predominantly American, but later additions would include stones from places associated with internationally famous figures as diverse as St. Augustine, Emperor Humayun, and William Wordsworth. By 1932 the Walk of Fame had over 200 stones, many of which Holt himself had brought back to campus: the Charles Dickens stone he had picked up while visiting Gad's Hill, and he claimed that the Mohammed stone was brought back from Mecca by a student's sister, "at the risk of fine and imprisonment."

After Holt retired as president of the college in 1949, there no longer existed a central authority for the Walk of Fame, and over the next two decades stones began to disappear, often around graduation time; many were thrown into Lake Virginia. Only in the 1980s, under the presidency of Thaddeus Seymour (president from 1978 to 1990), was there an Official Lapidarian responsible for taking care of the stones. As of 2003, the Walk of Fame had about 530 stones, the vast majority (455) honoring men. Most stones are associated with specific people, but a few—like the stones from Australia and the Berlin Wall—honor places or events.

Academics
Rollins has three divisions that offer a variety of programs: College of Arts and Sciences; Crummer Graduate School of Business; and Hamilton Holt School.

US News states that undergraduates at Rollins can choose from about 30 majors, ranging from Latin American and Caribbean studies to computer science and biochemistry to theatre arts and dance. In addition to its undergraduate programs, Rollins offers an M.B.A. program through the Crummer Graduate School of Business. Other graduate degrees granted include Master of Public Health (MPH), Master of Arts in teaching, Master of Education in elementary education, Master of Human Resources, and Master of Liberal Studies. Its most popular undergraduate majors, by number out of 593 graduates in 2022, were:
 * Business Administration and Management (120)
 * Communication (63)
 * International Business/Trade/Commerce (56)
 * Psychology (50)
 * Music (30)

Admissions
Rollins' admissions process is "more selective" according to U.S. News & World Report.

For the class entering Fall 2018, 3,635 freshmen were accepted out of 5,455 applicants, a 66.6% acceptance rate, and 549 enrolled. Fall 2018 enrolling students had an average GPA of 3.31; the middle 50% range of SAT scores was 590–680 for reading and writing, and 560–680 for math, while the ACT Composite range was 24–30. Women constituted 58.3% of the incoming freshmen class, men 41.7%.

Rankings
Rollins College was again named No. 1 in the U.S. News & World Report's 2021 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings". The institution was also named "No. 13 overall for Best Value Universities in the South".

Rollins earned the first overall spot on U.S. News & World Report's 2021 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings". The college was also named No. 1 for "Best Undergraduate Teaching" and 14th for "Best Value Schools" in the Regional Universities South category.

According to U.S. News & World Report's 2020 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings", Rollins was ranked first overall in the southern United States out of 136 regional universities whose highest degree is a Master's, first for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", tied for fourth for "Most Innovative Schools", seventh for "Best Value", and tied for 87th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility".

The college has also been named one of the top national producers of Fulbright Scholars among Masters granting institutions throughout the U.S. Since inception of the scholarship in 1951, 48 Rollins students have been awarded the honor,.

College of Arts and Sciences
In 2010, the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Professional Studies have a total of 1,884 students and a student to faculty ratio of 10 to 1.

Crummer Graduate School of Business
The Rollins College Crummer Graduate School of Business offers a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) through three different programs:

 * The Early Advantage MBA Program is a full-time day program designed for recent college graduates with little to no work experience. Students can complete the program within 16 to 21 months.
 * The Professional MBA Program is a 24-27-month program designed for students with a wide range of educational and professional experience.
 * The Executive MBA Program is designed for mid-to senior-level professionals who prefer a blend of online and Saturday classes. It can be completed in 15 months.

The Rollins MBA programs are listed in several national rankings of business schools, including:
 * Forbes: 44th in the Nation (2017)
 * Leadership Excellence: #1 in Florida (2018)

As of 2018, the Rollins Full-Time and Part-Time MBA programs are listed as Rank Not Published, or "RNP". The bottom quarter of rank-eligible full-time MBA programs are listed as Rank Not Published. Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated a numerical rank for that program but decided for editorial reasons not to publish it.

The Rollins MBA is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

Hamilton Holt School
Adult education courses at Rollins were initially only offered to returning World War II veterans. On September 7, 1960, the executive committee of the Board of Trustees of Rollins College gave formal authorization for the Institute for General Studies to award degrees upon completion of program requirements. On November 6, 1987, the school's name was changed to The Hamilton Holt School, in honor of Rollins’ eighth president.

The Hamilton Holt School offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in a variety of majors as well as several graduate degrees. Its focus is on the non-traditional student, identified as a working individual seeking professional advancement and therefore schedules most courses in the evenings and on weekends.

Rollins College Conference (RCC)
The Rollins College Conference, taken in the first semester of a student's freshman year, is required of all non-transfer students in the College of Arts and Sciences. The course serves as both an orientation course and a topic course in a student's area of interest. The professor for this course will serve as the enrolled students' academic advisor until they select a major and choose a new advisor from the corresponding department. One or two peer mentors (upperclassmen with special training) join the course and offer counseling and support to the new students.

Honors Degree Program
The Honors Degree Program allows the top students in each entering class of the College of Arts and Sciences to complete a series of special interdisciplinary seminars, which replace approximately two-thirds of the school's general education requirements. To earn an honors degree, students must also complete a thesis in their major field during their junior and senior years.

Accelerated Management Program (AMP)
The Accelerated Management Program allows selected students to earn both a BA from the College of Arts and Sciences and an MBA from the Crummer Graduate School of Business in a total of five years. Students enrolled in this program must complete all general education and major/minor requirements prior to the conclusion of their third year. In their fourth year, students take courses from the Early Advantage MBA program, from which credits are applied to both their undergraduate and graduate transcripts. Upon completion of the fourth year, AMP students graduate from the College of Arts and Sciences and walk with their class at commencement. In the fifth year, students complete the MBA degree and graduate a second time.

International programs
All three schools at Rollins offer international courses to destinations such as London, Sydney, and Madrid, among others. Some programs are offered directly through Rollins, while others are offered through partnerships with other colleges and universities. Students may study abroad for a week or an entire semester.

Athletics

Rollins participates in NCAA Division II's Sunshine State Conference for the majority of its sports; the college's women's lacrosse program competes as a DII independent program. The rowing teams compete in the Southern Intercollegiate Rowing Association and Florida Intercollegiate Rowing Association while the sailing squad competes in the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association. The Rollins water skiing teams compete in NCAA Division I, the only school program to do so. Rollins' athletic teams are called the Tars (an archaic name for a sailor). Rollins' Athletic Tradition includes 23 National Championships and 67 Sunshine State Conference titles. The school sponsors twenty-three varsity teams: The most successful sport in the history of Rollins is Women's Golf. They have 13 national championship titles. In 1950 and 1956, Betty Rowland and Marlene Stewart Streit, respectively, won the women's individual intercollegiate golf championship (an event conducted by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) — which later evolved into the current NCAA women's golf championship). In later years, Bettina Walker (1988, 1989), Debbie Pappas (1990, 1991, 1992), Mariana De Biase (2006) and Joanna Coe (2008) also became individual national champions at the Small College and NCAA Division II levels.

Campus life
Rollins College is located in Winter Park, a few minutes from downtown Orlando. There are more than 150 student clubs and organizations on campus, including a wakeboard club and ballroom dance club. The Tars, Rollins's athletic teams, compete in the NCAA Division II Sunshine State Conference and field a varsity waterskiing team among others. A sizeable Greek life on campus comprises more than 10 fraternities and sororities. About 75 percent of students live on campus in one of the residence halls or apartment complexes. In addition, there are weekly shuttles, "Rolly Trolly", to provide transport to a shopping area for the students.

Fox Day
Fox Day is an annual tradition at Rollins. Since 1956 (except during the tenure of President Jack Critchfield, 1969–1978), each spring, the president cancels all classes, providing undergraduate students with a surprise day off to explore local beaches and amusement parks,    together as a college, returning in the late afternoon for a barbecue. It's known as Fox Day, because a statue of a fox is placed on Mills Lawn (the school's main lawn), signifying the day off.

The fox statue, originally accompanied with a cat statue were a gift from Senator Murray Sams in 1934 to President Hamilton Holt as he thought it would be "fittingly enshrined" at Rollins. They originally came from France, and believed to be satirical pieces, depicting, "the Populace (Cat) making his sweeping bow in hypocritical salute to the Papacy (Fox). The statues were placed on pedestals near the old Recreational Hall which is now replaced by the pool. Holt created a "Cat Society" for women and a "Fox Society" for men, these groups consisted of four people each, selected by an annual vote by the opposite gender of the student body for the opposite group.  The statues were only allowed to be touched by the respective privileged members. Occasionally, the statues were taken and hidden as practical jokes. However, the cat statue had been mysteriously destroyed in 1949 with the location of the remains unknown.  Since then, the fox is hidden and only brought out for Fox Day.

During Fox Day season 2015, a petition was widely circulated to include Holt and Crummer students in the popular tradition. Currently, these students are not excused from classes, limiting their involvement in the annual festivities; furthering the disconnect between the evening and graduate students on campus. In March 2020, the campus shut down and sent students home as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in no Fox Day occurrence during the 2019–2020 academic year.

Winter Park Bach Festival
Since 1935, the Winter Park Bach Festival, the third-oldest continuously operating Bach festival in the United States, has brought some of the highest caliber  of classical performers from around the world to campus, for a two-week event. The 150-voice Bach Festival Society is regarded as one of the finest oratorio societies in America.

WPRK 91.5 The Best in Basement Radio
WPRK 91.5 FM the Best in Basement Radio is a non-commercial college radio station located in Winter Park, Florida, owned and operated by Rollins College. Its signal is audible in most of the Orlando metropolitan area, or from Seaworld to Sanford as said by DJs on-air.

In popular culture
After a speaking appearance at Rollins in 1988, Kurt Vonnegut used it as one of the models for the school in Hocus Pocus in which Rollins is the former place of employment of the fictional school's president. Henry Garfield, fourth singer of Californian punk band Black Flag, changed his surname to Rollins when he moved from Washington DC to Los Angeles in 1981 to avoid police attention. He chose the name because his friend Ian MacKaye's sister attended the Florida college.

title: Rollins College


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Public holidays in Palau

This is a list of holidays in Palau.

title: Public holidays in Palau


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Aji, Kagawa

Aji (庵治町) was a town located in Kita District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated to have population of 6,392 and a density of 403.79 persons per km2. The total area was 15.83 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Aji, along with the town of and Mure (also from Kita District), the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan (both from Kagawa District), and the town of Kokubunji (from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Aji was the main filming location of a Japanese hit movie Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World. When the movie was filmed, this town was chosen as the location where the protagonists lived in high school days.

title: Aji, Kagawa


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Kita District, Kagawa

Kita District (木田郡) is a district located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

The district was formed on 1 April 1899 under the Districts Act which came into force at that time. Its area consisted of 19 villages that made up the former districts of Miki and Yamada.

During the 20th century, the villages underwent a series of mergers, whilst others merged into the neighbouring city of Takamatsu. Following the most recent merger on 10 January 2006, only the town of Miki remained within the district.

As of January 2016, the district has an estimated population of 27,835 and a total area of 75.78 km2.

Current towns and villages

 * Miki

History of mergers

 * On January 10, 2006 the towns of Aji and Mure, along with the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan, both from Kagawa District, and the town of Kokubunji, from Ayauta District, merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu.

title: Kita District, Kagawa


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Shionoe, Kagawa

Shionoe (塩江町) was a town located in Kagawa District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,583 and a density of 44.73 persons per km2. The total area was 80.10 km2.

On September 26, 2005, Shionoe was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Every June, Shionoe hosts a firefly festival to celebrate the arrival of the luminous insect which is found in the area.

title: Shionoe, Kagawa


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Kagawa, Kagawa

Kagawa (香川町) was a town located in Kagawa District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 24,236 and a density of 886.79 PD/km2. The total area was 27.33 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Kagawa, along with the towns of Aji and Mure (both from Kita District), the town of Kōnan (also from Kagawa District), and the town of Kokubunji (from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Kagawa, Kagawa


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Kōnan, Kagawa

Kōnan (香南町) was a town located in Kagawa District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,938 and a density of 539.27 persons per km2. The total area was 14.72 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Kōnan, along with the towns of Aji and Mure (both from Kita District), the town of Kagawa (also from Kagawa District), and the town of Kokubunji (from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Kōnan, Kagawa


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Public holidays in Thailand

Public holidays in Thailand are regulated by the government, and most are observed by both the public and private sectors. There are usually nineteen public holidays in a year, but more may be declared by the cabinet. Other observances, both official and non-official, local and international, are observed to varying degrees throughout the country.

All public holidays are observed by government agencies, while the Bank of Thailand regulates bank holidays, which differ slightly from those observed by the government. Private businesses are required by the Labour Protection Act to observe at least 13 holidays per year, including National Labour Day, but may choose the other observances they follow. If a holiday falls on a weekend, one following workday is observed by the government as a compensatory holiday.

Public holidays
As of May 2019, there are 19 annual public holidays adopted by the cabinet:

 * Holidays regulated by the Thai lunar calendar—the usual Gregorian months in which the dates fall are indicated in parentheses. In lunar leap years, these take place one month later.
 * Alcohol sales are prohibited on Buddhist holidays except in international airport duty-free shops.
 * Not observed by the Bank of Thailand and usually not observed by the private sector.

Prior to 2016, there were 16 annual public holidays. With the passing of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the list of annual public holidays for 2017 was revised by the cabinet in April 2017. Coronation Day, which was previously observed on 5 May, was temporarily removed, but will be observed from 2020 onwards, with the new date of 4 May, which will be a double anniversary of the coronations of Kings Bhumibol Adulyadej (1950) and Vajiralongkorn (2019).

Two new public holidays from 2017 onwards are: Chinese New Year, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are also observed as public holidays by government agencies in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Satun Provinces (see below under ). Government offices under the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Education may also observe the Thai Armed Forces Day (18 January) and Teachers' Day (16 January), respectively (see  below).
 * 28 July: King Maha Vajiralongkorn's Birthday
 * 13 October: Anniversary for the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej

Bank holidays
Holidays observed by financial institutions (not to be confused with bank holidays in the United Kingdom) are regulated by the Bank of Thailand. These usually differ from government holidays in that banks do not observe the Royal Ploughing Ceremony day (Phuetchamongkhon) and the beginning of Vassa (Khao Phansa), but instead do observe 1 May as National Labour Day (see below under ). Up until 2018, a mid-year bank holiday was also observed on 1 July (if that date did not fall on a weekend). (Prior to 2007, the beginning of Vassa was observed as a holiday rather than Asalha Puja.) Chinese New Year, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are also designated as holidays for financial institutions in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Satun Provinces if they do not already fall on a weekend or holiday.

National observances
These observances are regulated by the government, but are not observed as holidays. Actual observance varies, and some are only observed by specific sectors.

Other observances
Other observances, traditional and modern, are observed by various groups and communities throughout the country.

 * Observances regulated by the Thai or Chinese lunar calendars—the usual Gregorian months in which the dates fall are indicated in parentheses.
 * Alcohol sales are prohibited on Buddhist holidays except in international airport duty-free shops.

title: Public holidays in Thailand


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Naoshima, Kagawa

Naoshima (直島) is an island in Japan's Seto Inland Sea, part of Kagawa Prefecture. The island is best known for its many contemporary art installations and museums. The Town of Naoshima (直島町) administers Naoshima and 26 smaller islands nearby. As of 2020, the town has an estimated population of 3,026 and a density of 210 persons per km2. The total area is 14.22 km2.

Naoshima Island is known for its many contemporary art museums. For example, the Chichu Art Museum (literally, "in the earth") houses a number of site-specific installations by James Turrell, Walter De Maria, and paintings by Claude Monet. Designed by Tadao Ando, it is located on one of the highest points of the island, and various exhibits and facets of the museum's architecture take advantage of its commanding view. Another contemporary museum (and hotel) is Benesse House, also by Ando. Another is the Naoshima Fukutake Art Museum, with an outdoor sculpture garden, and a third is the James Bond museum, inspired by the island's use as one of the settings for the 2002 Bond novel The Man with the Red Tattoo by Raymond Benson. It is also known as the island that the fictional locations of Summer Pockets are based on.

The museums and beauty of the island draw many tourists, whose visits help support the local economy. However, it is Mitsubishi Materials, loosely affiliated with other Japanese companies of the Mitsubishi name, that dominates industry on the island, as Naoshima has been the site of massive refining by Mitsubishi since 1917.

Benesse Corporation (one of the largest education companies in Japan and based in Okayama) has directed the creation and operation of the island's museums and other projects since the late 1980s.

Town of Naoshima and nearby islands
Naoshima was made a village in 1890, and upgraded to a town in 1954. The town is part of Kagawa District. Naoshima is the sister town of Timmins, Ontario, Canada.

As of 2010, only three of the town's 27 islands are inhabited: Naoshima, Byōbujima, and Mukaejima. Ishima is also inhabited, but only in the northern portion which belongs to Okayama Prefecture.

Ishima
The second-largest island of the town, Ishima, lying northeast of Naoshima, is divided between Kagawa Prefecture in the south and Okayama Prefecture in the north. The only inhabitants are in a small settlement on the north coast, belonging to Okayama.

Ishima was divided after fishing-related disputes in the Edo period. In 2011, 87% of the island was burned in a forest fire, though the northern settlement was spared.

Byōbujima
Byōbujima is a minor island north of Naoshima, close to Okayama Prefecture, with a population 19

Mukaejima
Mukaejima is a minor island northwest of Naoshima with a population 15

title: Naoshima, Kagawa


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Joshua Lederberg

Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and exchange genes (bacterial conjugation). He shared the prize with Edward Tatum and George Beadle, who won for their work with genetics.

In addition to his contributions to biology, Lederberg did extensive research in artificial intelligence. This included work in the NASA experimental programs seeking life on Mars and the chemistry expert system Dendral.

Early life and education
Lederberg was born in Montclair, New Jersey, to a Jewish family, son of Esther Goldenbaum Schulman Lederberg and Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Lederberg, in 1925, and moved to Washington Heights, Manhattan as an infant. He had two younger brothers. Lederberg graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York City at the age of 15 in 1941. After graduation, he was allowed lab space as part of the American Institute Science Laboratory, a forerunner of the Westinghouse Science Talent Search. He enrolled in Columbia University in 1941, majoring in zoology. Under the mentorship of Francis J. Ryan, he conducted biochemical and genetic studies on the bread mold Neurospora crassa. Intending to receive his MD and fulfill his military service obligations, Lederberg worked as a hospital corpsman during 1943 in the clinical pathology laboratory at St. Albans Naval Hospital, where he examined sailors' blood and stool samples for malaria. He went on to receive his undergraduate degree in 1944.

Bacterial genetics
Joshua Lederberg began medical studies at Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons while continuing to perform experiments. Inspired by Oswald Avery's discovery of the importance of DNA, Lederberg began to investigate his hypothesis that, contrary to prevailing opinion, bacteria did not simply pass down exact copies of genetic information, making all cells in a lineage essentially clones. After making little progress at Columbia, Lederberg wrote to Edward Tatum, Ryan's post-doctoral mentor, proposing a collaboration. In 1946 and 1947, Lederberg took a leave of absence to study under the mentorship of Tatum at Yale University. Lederberg and Tatum showed that the bacterium Escherichia coli entered a sexual phase during which it could share genetic information through bacterial conjugation. With this discovery and some mapping of the E. coli chromosome, Lederberg was able to receive his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1947. Joshua married Esther Miriam Zimmer (herself a student of Edward Tatum) on December 13, 1946.

Instead of returning to Columbia to finish his medical degree, Lederberg chose to accept an offer of an assistant professorship in genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His wife Esther Lederberg went with him to Wisconsin. She received her doctorate there in 1950.

Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder showed in 1951 that genetic material could be transferred from one strain of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium to another using viral material as an intermediary step. This process is called transduction. In 1956, M. Laurance Morse, Esther Lederberg and Joshua Lederberg also discovered specialized transduction. The research in specialized transduction focused upon lambda phage infection of E. coli. Transduction and specialized transduction explained how bacteria of different species could gain resistance to the same antibiotic very quickly.

During her time in Joshua Lederberg's laboratory, Esther Lederberg also discovered fertility factor F, later publishing with Joshua Lederberg and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. In 1956, the Society of Illinois Bacteriologists simultaneously awarded Joshua Lederberg and Esther Lederberg the Pasteur Medal, for "their outstanding contributions to the fields of microbiology and genetics".

In 1957, Joshua Lederberg founded the Department of Medical Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He has held visiting professorship in Bacteriology at the University of California, Berkeley in summer 1950 and University of Melbourne (1957). Also in 1957, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Sir Gustav Nossal views Lederberg as his mentor, describing him as "lightning fast" and "loving a robust debate."

Post Nobel Prize research
In 1958, Joshua Lederberg received the Nobel Prize and moved to Stanford University, where he was the founder and chairman of the Department of Genetics. He collaborated with Frank Macfarlane Burnet to study viral antibodies.

With the launching of Sputnik in 1957, Lederberg became concerned about the biological impact of space exploration. In a letter to the National Academies of Sciences, he outlined his concerns that extraterrestrial microbes might gain entry to Earth onboard spacecraft, causing catastrophic diseases. He also argued that, conversely, microbial contamination of manmade satellites and probes may obscure the search for extraterrestrial life. He advised quarantine for returning astronauts and equipment and sterilization of equipment prior to launch. Teaming up with Carl Sagan, his public advocacy for what he termed exobiology helped expand the role of biology in NASA.

Lederberg was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959 and the American Philosophical Society in 1960.

In the 1960s, he collaborated with Edward Feigenbaum in Stanford's computer science department to develop DENDRAL.

In 1978, he became the president of Rockefeller University, until he stepped down in 1990 and became professor-emeritus of molecular genetics and informatics at Rockefeller University, reflecting his extensive research and publications in these disciplines.

Throughout his career, Lederberg was active as a scientific advisor to the U.S. government. Starting in 1950, he was a member of various panels of the Presidential Science Advisory Committee. In 1979, he became a member of the U.S. Defense Science Board and the chairman of President Jimmy Carter's President's Cancer Panel. In 1989, he received National Medal of Science for his contributions to the scientific world. In 1994, he headed the Department of Defense's Task Force on Persian Gulf War Health Effects, which investigated Gulf War Syndrome.

During a 1986 fact finding mission of the 1979 Soviet Union epidemic of anthrax bacteria that killed 66 people in the city of Sverdlovsk, Russia now named Yakaterinberg, Lederberg sided with Soviets that the anthrax outbreak was from animal to human transmission stating, “Wild rumors do spread around every epidemic." “The current Soviet account is very likely to be true." After the fall of the Soviet Union and subsequent US investigations in the early 1990s, a team of scientists confirmed the outbreak was caused by a release of an aerosol of anthrax pathogen from a nearby military facility, the lab leak is one of the deadliest ever documented.

Euphenics
Euphenics, which literally means "good appearance" or "normal appearing", is the science of making phenotypic improvements to humans after birth, generally to affect a problematic genetic condition. Lederberg coined the term in the 1960s to differentiate this practice from eugenics, which was widely unpopular at the time. He emphasized that the genetic manipulation he described was intended to work on phenotype rather than genotype; he felt it was more feasible to positively change an individual's genetics rather than attempt to change the course of evolution as eugenics proposed. Theodosius Dobzhansky, an outspoken proponent of euphenics, argued that by improving genetic conditions so that people could live normal, healthy lives, people could lessen the impact of genetic conditions, thus lowering future interest in eugenics or other kinds of genetic manipulation.

In the 1970s, considerable effort was put towards the developing field of euphenics since it was seen as a positive form of genetic engineering. One of the first publicized applications of euphenics was the use of vitamins containing folic acid during pregnancy to combat neural-tube deficiencies such as spina bifida in the 1970s. However, medical science had been using euphenic strategies years before the term itself was coined. Euphenics is used today in the medical community to more generally refer to methods of affecting a genetic condition in a positive manner through diet, lifestyle or environment, such as the use of insulin to control diabetes or installation of a pacemaker to offset a heart defect.

Awards and accolades

 * The Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society, 2002.
 * The Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2006.
 * In Lederberg's honor, the 87 km diameter large impact crater in Xanthe Terra on the surface of Mars was named in the year 2012.

Personal
Lederberg married fellow scientist Esther Miriam Zimmer in 1946; they divorced in 1966. He married psychiatrist Marguerite Stein Kirsch in 1968. He was survived by Marguerite, their daughter, Anne Lederberg, and his stepson, David Kirsch.

title: Joshua Lederberg


text:
PDD (disambiguation)

PDD often refers to Pervasive developmental disorder.

PDD may also refer to:

Medicine

 * Parkinson's disease dementia
 * Penile dysmorphic disorder
 * Persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia
 * Persons with developmental disabilities
 * Prescribed daily dose
 * Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, also known as Camurati–Engelmann disease
 * Proventricular dilatation disease, also known as "macaw wasting disease"

Physics and chemistry

 * Percentage depth dose curve, the absorbed radiation dose in a medium, varying with depth.
 * Pulsed discharge detector, a type of gas chromatography ion detector

Computing and technology

 * Physical device driver
 * An alternative file extension for Portable Document Format files that are preferentially opened by Adobe Photoshop
 * Process Driven Development, software development methodology
 * Professional Disc for DATA or ProDATA, an optical disc format produced by Sony

Business and law

 * Pinduoduo, NASDAQ ticker PDD
 * Project Design Document, a precise project description which serves as the basis for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (project evaluation)
 * Public Domain Day, an observance of when copyrights expire and works enter into the public domain

Politics

 * Partnership for Democracy and Development in Central America
 * Party for Democratic Action (Partija za demokratsko delovanje), a political party in Serbia
 * Presidential Decision Directive, a kind of national security directive from the Bill Clinton presidency

Arts

 * P. Diddy, rapper and entrepreneur
 * Pas de deux, a type of ballet dance
 * Pinky Dinky Doo, children's television series
 * Please Don't Destroy, comedy group from New York City

title: PDD (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Interstate 295

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Untitled
How does "D. C. area" differ from Virginia? RickK 04:24, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * There are two separate I-295s, one near the Capitol Beltway and one near Richmond. Gregory Pietsch

Ah. Thanks. RickK 23:06, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Multi-topic article
I'm trying to think of a name for a Wikipedia article that is about more than one thing being put together simply because they share a name rather than because they are related. How common is it for an encyclopedia to have an article like this?? Several articles on Interstates, as well as Maroon and New York, New York (song) are this kind. 66.245.71.17 01:41, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, they are related, as they are all spurs off I-95. I have no objection to splitting it though (Interstate 295 (Florida), Interstate 295 (Virginia), etc). I won't split it though because I don't feel strongly and I don't want to have to change links.--SPUI 03:15, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

What do you know, I split it. --SPUI 23:01, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Geographical order
Would it make sense for these to be in geographical order (Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, DC/MD, DE/PA, New York, RI/MA, Maine, or the reverse) instead of in alphabetical order by state? When I came across this list I was surprised to find an alphabetical ordering. Miclugo (talk) 19:14, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interstate 295


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Public holidays in Hong Kong

Public holidays and statutory holidays in Hong Kong are holidays designated by the Government of Hong Kong. They allow workers rest from work, usually in conjunction with special occasions. Public holidays in Hong Kong consist of a mix of traditional Chinese and Western holidays, such as Lunar New Year, the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival, along with Christmas and Easter. Other public holidays include National Day (1 October) and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (1 July).

Public holidays and statutory holidays are an important part of life in Hong Kong, allowing people to take a break from work and celebrate important cultural and national events.

List of holidays
The 17 public holidays, also called bank holidays , are set by the General Holidays Ordinance.

According to the Employment Ordinance, 13 of the 17 public holidays are compulsory for employers to give to the employees. These 13 holidays are known as statutory holidays, labour holidays , or factory holidays. These are highlighted in beige below.

Operation of statutory holidays
If an employer states in the employment contract that its employees are only allowed to take statutory holidays, it is legal to require the employees to work on public holidays that are not statutory holidays (i.e. Good Friday, the day following Good Friday and Easter Monday) without salary or leave compensations.

Traditionally, statutory holidays are an entitlement associated with blue-collar jobs in fields such as manufacturing, construction, textiles and clothing, repairing, mass media, security, cleaning, transportation, logistics, distribution, retailing, catering, labourer, hotel and customer service.

Previous holidays
Under the administration of the United Kingdom prior to 1997, the Queen's Birthday was a public holiday observed in the second Monday of June. It was replaced by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China. Similarly, Commonwealth Day was a school holiday prior to the transfer of sovereignty, as is the birthday anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. The anniversary of the liberation of Hong Kong was observed on the last Monday in August, and the preceding day was also observed as anniversary of the victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the transfer of sovereignty, the two public holidays were replaced with Labour Day and the National Day of the People's Republic of China.

Weekends and days in lieu
According to Hong Kong laws, when a designated public holiday falls on a Sunday or on the same day of another holiday, the immediate following weekday would be a public holiday. However, there are exceptions; for example, as Lunar New Year 2007 falls on a Sunday (18 February), the government have designated the Saturday directly before (17 February) as a public holiday. However, this does not apply to Saturdays, and when a non-statutory public holiday falls on a Saturday, the public holiday is lost to people that do not work on Saturdays.

In general, if a statutory holiday falls on the employee's rest day, the employer is committed to giving a day off-in-lieu at a following day which is not the employee's rest day. For example, under the 5-day work week system, if a statutory holiday falls on a Saturday, the employee can be entitled to a day off-in-lieu. This is not true for non-statutory public holidays which are lost to people that do not work on Saturday.

title: Public holidays in Hong Kong


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Kagawa District, Kagawa

Kagawa District (香川郡) is a district located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of the January 10, 2006 Takamatsu merger (but with 2003 population statistics), the district consists of the single town of Naoshima and has an estimated population of 3,583 and a density of 251.97 persons per km2. The total area is 14.22 km2.

Towns and villages

 * Naoshima

Mergers

 * On September 26, 2005 the town of Shionoe merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu.
 * On January 10, 2006 the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan, along with the towns of Aji and Mure, both from Kita District, and the town of Kokubunji, from Ayauta District, merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu.

title: Kagawa District, Kagawa


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Ayakami, Kagawa

Ayakami (綾上町) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,720 and a density of 94.38 persons per km2. The total area was 71.20 km2.

On March 21, 2006, Ayakami, along with the town of Ryōnan (also from Ayauta District), was merged to create the town of Ayagawa.

title: Ayakami, Kagawa


text:
Ryōnan, Kagawa

Ryōnan (綾南町) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 19,239 and a density of 500.10 persons per km2. The total area was 38.47 km2.

On March 21, 2006, Ryōnan, along with the town of Ayakami (also from Ayauta District), was merged to create the town of Ayagawa.

title: Ryōnan, Kagawa


text:
Kokubunji, Kagawa

Kokubunji (国分寺町) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 23,743 and a density of 904.50 persons per km2. The total area was 26.25 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Kokubunji, along with the towns of Aji and Mure (both from Kita District), and the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan (both from Kagawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Kokubunji, Kagawa


text:
Ayauta, Kagawa

Ayauta (綾歌町) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,414 and a density of 420.41 persons per km2. The total area was 27.15 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Ayauta, along with the town of Hanzan (also from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Marugame and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Ayauta, Kagawa


text:
Hanzan, Kagawa

Hanzan (飯山町) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 17,183 and a density of 857.86 persons per km2. The total area was 20.03 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Hanzan, along with the town of Ayauta (also from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Marugame and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Hanzan, Kagawa


text:
Utazu

Utazu (宇多津町) is a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 18,755 in 9131 households and a population density of 2300 persons per km². The total area of the town is 8.1 sqkm.

Geography
Utazu is locate in north-central of Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, and is bordered by the Seto Inland Sea to the north, Sakaide City to the east and Marugame City to the west. Its area is the smallest among municipalities in the prefecture. Within the town, the Yoshida area (part of the Bannoshu Rinkai Industrial Park) is a reclaimed land, but because it is separated from the rest of the town by the Kitaura fishing port, it is an enclave which is accessible by land is via the adjacent Sakaide.

Neighbouring municipalities
Kagawa Prefecture
 * Marugame
 * Sakaide

Climate
Utazu has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Utazu is 15.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1439 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 26.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.3 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Utazu has been increasing steadily since the 1960s.

History
The area of Utazu was part of ancient Sanuki Province, and was the main port connecting Shikoku with the Kinai region in ancient times. From the Kamakura period, Utazu Castle was the stronghold of the Hosokawa clan, ruled as shugo of Shikoku. During the Edo Period, the area was part of the holdings of Takamatsu. Following the Meiji restoration, the village of Utazu was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. it was raised to town status on February 11, 1898.

Government
Utazu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Utazu contributes one member to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Kagawa 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Utazu was traditionally known for its vast salt fields. From the 1980s, the salt fields were reclaimed and redevelopment began, with industrial parks constructed on reclaimed land in the coastal areas and middle-rise condominiums, being constructed around the relocated route of the Yosan Line train station.

Education
Utazu has two public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school; however, it is the home of Shikoku Medical College.

Railways
Shikoku Railway Company - Yosan Line Shikoku Railway Company - Honshi-Bisan Line
 * Utazu
 * Utazu

Local attractions

 * Gōshō-ji, temple 78 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage
 * Shikoku Aquarium, the largest in Shikoku

title: Utazu


text:
Ayauta District, Kagawa

Ayauta District (綾歌郡) is a district located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Takamatsu merger but using 2000 population data, the district has an estimated population of 41,598 and a density of 353 persons per km2. The total area is 117.74 km2.

Towns and villages

 * Ayagawa
 * Utazu

Mergers

 * On March 22, 2005, the towns of Ayauta and Hanzan merged into the expanded city of Marugame.
 * On January 10, 2006, the town of Kokubunji, along with the towns of Mure and Aji, both from Kita District, and the towns of Kagawa and Kōnan, both from Kagawa District merged into the expanded city of Takamatsu.
 * On March 21, 2006, the towns of Ayakami and Ryōnan merged to form the new town of Ayagawa.

title: Ayauta District, Kagawa


text:
Kotonami, Kagawa

Kotonami (琴南町) was a town located in Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,056 and a density of 36.91 persons per km2. The total area was 82.79 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Kotonami, along with the town of Chūnan (also from Nakatado District), was merged into the expanded town of Mannō.

Geography
Kotonami is located in the center of the northern face of the Sanuki Mountains which span across the southern part of Kagawa Prefecture. A class A river called the Doki River flows north to south through the center of town.
 * Mountains: Mount Ryuno, Mount Daisen, Mount Kasagata, Mount Shiroyama
 * Ponds: Bichuji Pond
 * Rivers: Doki River

History

 * September 29, 1956 (Shōwa year 31) - Miai in Ayauta District was merged with Sōda to create Kotonami.
 * November 1, 1957 (Shōwa year 32) - Kotonami became a part of Nakatado District due to border modifications.
 * April 1, 1962 (Shōwa year 37) - Kotonami was converted from a village into a town.
 * March 20, 2006 (Heisei year 18) - Kotonami and Chūnan merged to create Mannō, eliminating Kotonami.

title: Kotonami, Kagawa


text:
Mannō, Kagawa

Mannō (まんのう町) is a town located in Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 17,711 in 7477 households and a population density of 960 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 194.45 sqkm.

Geography
Manno is located at the northern foot of the Sanuki Mountains, which includes the highest peak in Kagawa Prefecture, the west peak of Mt. Ryuo (1060 meters), and the second highest peak, Mt. Okawa (1043 meters). Spread over hills in southern Kagawa Prefecture, the town has more than 900 large and small reservoirs, including Manno Lake, the largest irrigation reservoir in Japan. The Doki River flows through the north and south of the town.

Neighbouring municipalities
Kagawa Prefecture Tokushima Prefecture
 * Takamatsu
 * Marugame
 * Mitoyo
 * Zentsūji
 * Kotohira
 * Ayagawa
 * Miyoshi
 * Mima
 * Higashimiyoshi

Climate
Mannō has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Mannō has been declining steadily since the 1950s.

History
The area of Mannō was part of ancient Sanuki Province. During the Edo Period,the town area was divided between the holdings of Takamatsu Domain, Marugame Domain and direct (tenryō) holdings of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The villages of Yoshino, Kanno and Shijo were established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. The three villages merged on April 1, 1955 to form the town of Mannō (満濃町). On March 20, 2006, Mannō absorbed the towns of Chūnan and Kotonami, both from Nakatado District and changed its name to its current hiragana spelling.

Government
Mannō has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 16 members. Mannō, together with Kotohira, contributes two members to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Kagawa 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The local economy is heavily centered on agriculture.

Education
Mannō has six public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

Railways
Shikoku Railway Company - Dosan Line
 * Shioiri - Kurokawa

Local attractions
Nestled in the mountains, this lake reservoir is one of the largest in Japan, with a volume of 15,400,000 m3. Kagawa has low rainfall, so rain dances and water reservoirs have been important throughout history, particularly for rice production. The original dam was built about 1,300 years ago, from 701 to 704. In 821 the dam lay in disrepair and a larger version was built by the Buddhist monk Kūkai on the Emperor’s request. Since then the dam has fallen into disrepair and been rebuilt 3 times to reach its current size. The water is used for rice paddy irrigation, and every year in June there is a ceremony to start the yearly flow. Four tonnes of water gush out every second to reach rice paddies as far away as Marugame City. There is also a shrine and a temple near the lakefront.
 * Manno Lake:

There are flower gardens for all four seasons, forest walks, large-scale events, rent a cycles and other fun activities. Boasts the largest camping car, sports and recreation area in Shikoku. In winter the “Winter Fantasy” illumination, one of the largest in Japan, is held. Some nights have a fireworks display. There is also an illumination on Valentine’s Day.
 * Sanuki Manno National Park:

250,000 sunflowers are grown every year over 5 hectares, a summer tradition in the Chunan area of Manno Town. The Sunflower Festival is held in July every year. A photo contest, sketching and live jazz featured and there are sunflower seed ice-cream, croquettes, and salad dressing stalls. There is also sunflower seed-fed beef and other food for sale.
 * Sunflower fields and the Sunflower Festival:

The Ayako Odori is performed as a prayer for rain. It is often performed by children and has been nominated as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. In 1976 it was registered as one of Japan’s important cultural assets.
 * Ayako Rain Dance:

This rain dance takes place on the top of the second highest mountain in the Sanuki Mountain Range, Daisenzan(大川山). During prayers to end a drought in 734, it is said that a white snake came out of a pond, turned into a dragon, flew up to heaven and called the rainclouds in to make it rain. It is registered as a cultural asset in Kagawa. It is held on the closest Sunday to June 14 per the lunar calendar.
 * Daisen Buddhist Rain Dance:

Onsen
A rest area facility near the border of Tokushima Prefecture. Mikado Hot Springs (美霞洞温泉) was endorsed by the great 18th-century inventor Hiraga Gennai. The white cloudy water has an interesting texture and boasts to be one of the best quality springs in Kagawa. There is also a restaurant, shop with local goods and a small produce market.
 * Epia Mikado:

These springs have alkaline medicinal waters. Restaurant, Shop, Local Produce. Shippoku Udon is only available in the cold season. There are 5 lodges that can be rented out, with an outdoor barbeque area for good times.
 * Shioiri Onsen:

Noted people from Mannō

 * Yuji Terajima, manga artist

title: Mannō, Kagawa


text:
Kotohira, Kagawa

Kotohira (琴平町) is a town located in Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 8,105 in 3618 households and a population density of 960 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 8.47 sqkm. The town is best known as the site of Shikoku's largest shrine complex, the Kotohira Shrine (popularly known as Konpira-san).

Geography
Kotohira is located in southwestern Kagawa Prefecture. The west side of the town area runs along the foot of Mt.Kotohira

Neighbouring municipalities
Kagawa Prefecture
 * Zentsūji
 * Mitoyo
 * Mannō

Climate
Kotohira has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kotohira is 15.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1439 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 26.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.7 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kotohira has been declining steadily since the 1960s.

History
The area of Kotohira was part of ancient Sanuki Province. The town developed as a market before the gates of the Kotohira Shrine, which has attracted pilgrims since prehistoric times. During the Edo Period, the area was tenryō territory ruled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate. Following the Meiji restoration, the town of Kotohira was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. Kotohira annexed the village of Enai on April 1,1955.

Government
Kotohira has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Kotohira, together with Mannō, contributes two members to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Kagawa 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
As the monzenmachi of the Korohira Shrine, the local economy is heavily centered on tourism.

Education
Kotohira has three public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high schools operated by the Kagawa Prefectural Board of Education.

Railways
Shikoku Railway Company - Dosan Line Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Kotoden Kotohira Line
 * Kotohira
 * Enai - Kotoden-Kotohira

Local attractions

 * Kotohira Shrine
 * Kanamaru-za, Japan's oldest surviving Kabuki playhouse.

title: Kotohira, Kagawa


text:
Tadotsu, Kagawa

Tadotsu (多度津町) is a town located in Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 22,124 in 10365 households and a population density of 270 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 24.39 sqkm.

Geography
Tadotsu is located in central Kagawa Prefecture. It borders the Sanuki Plain to the south and the scenic Setonaikai National Park to the north. The inhabited islands of Takamijima and Sanagishima of the Shiwaku Islands are located within the town borders.

Neighbouring municipalities
Kagawa Prefecture
 * Marugame
 * Zentsūji
 * Mitoyo

Climate
Tadotsu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and cool winters. Some precipitation falls throughout the year, but the months from April through October have heavier rain. The average annual temperature in Tadotsu is 16.5 C. The average annual rainfall is 1116.8 mm with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 28.3 C, and lowest in January, at around 6.2 C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Tadotsu was 38.5 C on 16 July 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was -6.3 C on 28 January 1945.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Tadotsu in 2020 is 22,445 people. Tadotsu has been conducting censuses since 1920.

History
The area of Tadotsu was part of ancient Sanuki Province. During the Edo Period, the jin'ya of Tadotsu Domain, a subsidiary domain of Marugame Domain was located in Tadotsu, which developed as a jōkamachi. Following the Meiji restoration, the town of Tadotsu was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. Tadotsu annexed the village of Toyohara on May 10, 1942 and the villages of Shika andShirakata on May 3, 1954. On September 30, Tadotsu annexed the villages of Sanagishima and Takamijima.

Government
Tadotsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members. Tadotsu contributes one member to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Kagawa 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Tadotsu has a mixed economy of agriculture and industry. Tadotsu Shipbuilding (affiliated company of Imabari Shipbuilding Group) and the Shikoku Railway Tadotsu vehicle maintenance factory are located in the town.

Education
Tadotsu has four public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high schools operated by the Kagawa Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school.

Railways
Shikoku Railway Company - Yosan Line Shikoku Railway Company - Dosan Line
 * (Tadotsu) - Kaiganji
 * Tadotsu

Sister city relations

 * 🇨🇳 - Putuo District, Shanghai, friendship city since November 19, 2001.

Local attractions

 * Dōryū-ji, 77th temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage
 * Amagiri Castle, National Historic Site
 * Shorinji Kempo head dōjō

Noted people from Tadotsu

 * Masanori Yusa, Olympic gold medalist swimmer

title: Tadotsu, Kagawa


text:
Chūnan, Kagawa

Chūnan (仲南町) was a town located in Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,681 and a density of 80.51 persons per km2. The total area was 58.14 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Chūnan, along with the town of Kotonami (also from Nakatado District), was merged into the expanded town of Mannō.

title: Chūnan, Kagawa