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Auvillars

Auvillars is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.

Geography
Auvillars is located some 14 km north-west of Lisieux and 17 km south-east of Cabourg. Access to the commune is by the D16 road from Léaupartie in the south-west which passes through the centre of the commune and the village and continues to Bonnebosq in the north-east. The D101 passes through the east of the commune as it goes from Cambremer to Pont-l'Évêque. The D59 which connects Bonnebosq to La Boissière passes south through the commune. The commune is entirely farmland except for a few scattered forests.

The Dorette river passes through the centre of the commune from north-east to south-west and it continues south-west to join the Dives at Le Radier. The Mont Dorain rises in the north of the commune and flows south to join the Dorette. The Ruisseau Sainte-Agathe flows from the east to join the Dorette near the village.

History
In his Monumental Statistics of Calvados (1862), Arcisse de Caumont described the history of Auvillars as follows:

"As always, Auvillars had the first lords of the members of a family whose name was that of the commune itself. This family became extinct in the person of Jeanne d'Auvillars, daughter and heiress of Guillaume, lord and chatelain of Auvillars, Saint Aubin de Salona, and Barneville who married Robert de Tournebu, Baron de la Motte-Cesny, Grimbosc, etc. at the beginning of the 14th century.

Mr Floquet told of a curious trial that argued that Robert de Tournebu, lord of Auvillars, maltreated a cleric of the priory of Beaumont-en-Auge in the year 1342. He was sentenced to a fine of 400 livres, a huge sum for that time (see History of the Parliament of Normandy). A century later Richard de Tournebu more usefully employed his vigour to support a heroic siege against the captains of the invader Henry V. His capitulation on 7 August 1417 was devised on condition that showed the Norman barons, despite the lack of organization where the invasion had landed, had not made a capable resistance that could be respected. The text of the capitulation was published in the volume entitled rotuli normanniae printed in London in 1835 on page 285 and by the Society of Antiquaries of Normandy, Volume XV, page 263 of his memoirs.

Just as the castle was to be evacuated Henry hastened to donate it to the Earl of Salisbury, his cousin, to be sure of its conservation (25 September 1417).

At the time of death of Guillemette de Tournebu in 1485 Jean de Harcourt, his great-grandson, inherited and he added to his other titles that of lord and chatelain of Auvillars. In 1558, Auvillars was in the hands of a family named Salcede: Nicolas Salcede, the owner in 1582, was at that time involved in a conspiracy formed, it is said, by the Guises against the Duke of Alençon and King Henry III, his brother. He was tried by the Parliament of Paris, convicted of the crime of treason, and as such condemned to be quartered. This execution, the memory of which is still preserved in Auvillars, must have taken place around 1588. In 1600 Mme Charlotte Duquesnel d'Aussebost was Dowager of Auvillars. After her death in 1617 the lordship passed to a family named Miou. The head of this family was one of the principal officers of the Duke of Lorraine and his daughter, Louise Marie de Miou, married Pierre Dauvet of Tréguy.

The Dauvet family were nobility from Picardy who were allied to Breze, Montmorency, Saint-Simon, Bethune, Chabannes, etc.

Several of its members took to the sword. Benoit Dauvet and Louis-Nicolas Dauvet distinguished themselves in the battles of Louis XIV and Louis XV.

There is information on this house in the History of the great officers of the Crown by P Anselm. Its door was lined with gold and silver in 6 pieces: the first charged with a black lion passant in bend. A Marquisate crown; supported by two savages (see Waroquier, Vol. VII).

Thus one sees the arms on the funeral litre in the Chapel of Saint Jean d'Auvillars.

In 1700 Sir Peter Dauvet de Tréguy gave grassland to the poor of Auvillars which was located at Druval and Rumesnil. They still enjoy. The same lords from the Dauvet family founded a school for girls and from their private income. The children of the two parishes of Auvillars and Repentigny were educated there free by a sister of Providence from the Lisieux house. The income was lost through a faulty title. The house was sold by the revolutionaries and was bought by a resident who gave it back to its original purpose.

The presbytery, which had been confiscated, was bought by the commune around 1806.

There were 3 privileged fires and 80 taxable fires at Auvillars.

The small parish of Repentigny has always been a kind of dependency to that of Auvillars. The Lords of Auvillars were patrons, as for Repentigny, and they constantly showed benevolence. The parish had first been removed and reunited with Rumesnil but at the beginning of the reign of Charles X it was reunited with Auvillars as an independent vicariate".

Administration
List of successive mayors

Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Auvillargeois or Auvillargeoises in French.

Civil heritage
The commune has a number of buildings that are registered as historical monuments:
 * La Bruyère Manor (15th century)
 * La Bruyère Manor Garden (1972)
 * A Brickworks (1879)

Religious heritage
The commune has one religious building that is registered as an historical monument:
 * The Church of Saint Germain (12th century)

The Church of Saint Germain
The church is built in a valley about 1 km from the town of Bonnebosq.

The choir
The whole choir dates back to the 12th century. It is lit on the north side by two narrow arched windows devoid of any ornament and very splayed on the inside; to the south is a similar window, enlarged a little on the outside, and a large modern semicircular window. The side walls each have two flat buttresses inside which is a newly built gallery leading to the sacristy placed behind the choir. The choir ends on the eastern side by a right chevet supported by three flat buttresses. There were originally two narrow semicircular windows that have been blocked. The gable is surmounted by an antefix cross.

The nave
The southern wall of the nave, without buttresses, shows a device of fern leaves. It is pierced by a semicircular door whose lintel is decorated with zigzags based on the columns. The arch is topped with grimacing heads of fantastic animals whose tongues are wrapped around a Torus that lines the underside of the arch (see photo). The nave is lit on this side by four very large semicircular windows, three of which are modern. The fourth is a little less wide and lined with a simple bevel and dates from first half of the 16th century when the nave was extended by one bay.

The northern wall was erected in the 16th century. It is flanked by projecting buttresses and pierced by three windows, one flamboyant and divided by a mullion, another a low arch ornamented with prismatic mouldings, and the other a modern window without character. This wall has the remains of a funeral litre.

The chapel
A chapel was built between the choir and the nave in the 16th century. The chapel is illuminated on the north side by a large semicircular window ornamented with prismatic mouldings and to the east by a flamboyant window divided into two bays which are today blocked.

The west portal
The western portal is in a renaissance style and is dated 1538. It is supported by four projecting buttresses, two of which are placed on the corners. The portal, which protrudes toward the middle, is pierced by a semi-circular door flanked by two columns and topped with two windows, now blocked, and decorated with prismatic mouldings. The curved form is pierced at the same time by an oculus and surmounted by a square tower built in timber and covered with slate. A wooden porch was previously in front of portal.

Inside

 * The nave is separated from the aisle by four large arches including two of ogival form with prismatic mouldings and the other two semicircular. One of them has features similar to those of the door.
 * The pulpit is in Louis XV style.
 * At the end of the nave are two little altars with the altarpiece decorated with twisted columns around which are wound vines and crowned with trapezoidal pediments.
 * The vault is in wood with tie beams and hallmarks.
 * The Chapel of the Virgin was built around 1600 by the Dauvet d'Auvillars family.
 * The roof of the vault is covered with paintings. In the triangles there are angels holding rosaries in their hands.
 * A triumphal arch decorated with zigzags separates the chancel from the nave.
 * One of the windows that illuminate the choir, to the north has remnants of stained glass. A head of the Virgin can still be seen adorned with a ducal crown and there are two religious figures, one of which is holding a chalice. The bottom of this window reads: De tournebu cure
 * The altar is decorated in the Louis XV style. The tabernacle is decorated with angels and caryatids.
 * There is a large Romanesque credenza on the side of the Epistle.
 * The two church bells in Auvillars predate the French Revolution. It is not known how they came to be in this tower as they were part of the bells of Saint Germain in Lisieux. Here are the inscriptions they bear:
 * The year 1738 has been named Magdalaine Françoise by François Mignot, counsellor to the king, elected president of this town and noble lady Mary Magdalaine Moucel, the wife of Sir Alexander le Maignen, knight, lord of Houlbec and Castillon.
 * The year 1738 has been named Louise Nicolase by Nicolas Riquier de la Rosiere, adviser to the king in the election and by damsel Louise Gennevievre Dosmont, daughter of Sir Louis Dosmont, squire to Lord Malicorne of Mesnil-Poisson.

The cemetery
When the sanctuary was repaved in 1853, when the old tiles were removed a tombstone from the 15th or 16th century was discovered. This stone is topped by a statue of a priest holding an old chasuble, turned up at the shoulders with amict turned down. The head rests on a cushion with tassels held by angels. At the character's feet lies a dog gnawing a bone. Several parts of this tombstone have been mutilated but the statue is well preserved and perfectly sculpted, it was once under an arched arcade on the southern wall.

There are the remains of an old halo cross in the cemetery dating from the 17th century or perhaps as late as the end of the 16th century. On one side is represented Christ and on the other the Virgin Mary holding in her arms the Child Jesus. The lattice work is decorated with palm leaves.

Near the gate stands an old yew tree which is 4.1 metres in girth.

When the foundations of the sacristy were dug a sword was found at a depth of 2.5 metres that appears to date back to ancient times.

History
The church is under the patronage of Saint Germain. The parish was divided into two portions which were united around 1708 with provision for two priests: the two priests were both nominated by the Lord. The ''pouillé' (Ecclesiastical register) of Lisieux shows that the Lord in the 14th century was dominus Robertus de Tournebut. There are many items in the church that are registered as historical objects:

 * A tombstone of a cleric of Tournevu (14th century)
 * A stained glass window (1890)
 * A stained glass window of Saint Germain blessing Saint Genevieve (19th century)
 * A baptismal font (18th century)
 * An antependium (18th century)
 * A processional cross (18th century)
 * A cross (18th century)
 * A processional banner (1887)
 * A statue of the virgin called Sainte Apolline (17th century)
 * A lectern (18th century)
 * An altar candle (18th century)
 * A pulpit (18th century)
 * Two stained glass windows of the nativity and baptism of Christ (19th century)
 * An antependium (1709)
 * A monumental painting in the choir (19th century)
 * A monumental painting of the crucifixion (19th century)
 * A monumental painting in the chapel of angels (19th century)
 * A group of mural paintings (19th century)
 * A statue of the Virgin and Child (19th century)
 * An altar tomb in the chapel (18th century)
 * Two altars, retables, two antepedia, two statues: Saint Germain and Saint Bonaventure (17th century)
 * Two statues: Saint Germain and Saint Exupère (17th century)
 * The main altar (19th century)
 * The main altar: tabernacle, retable (18th century)
 * A stained glass window of the Virgin and Child, Saint John, Saint Jacques (14th century)

Chapel of Saint-Jean

The Chapel of Saint-Jean stands on a hill 2 kilometres south of the Church of Auvillars. It dates to the last Flamboyant Gothic period and is about 30 feet long by 15 wide. The western gate, flanked by two buttresses, finishes with a very sharp curve which supports a very steep roof. The ogival doorway is decorated with prismatic mouldings and surmounted by a window from the same era. In front of the chapel there are two large poplar trees at the entrance.

The nave is lit by four windows: two full-arched with chamfer and the other two segmented arch. The walls are flanked by protruding buttresses and terminate in a quarter-round cornice.

The chevet on the right is flanked by two buttresses and finishes, as with the portal, with a very sloping curve surmounted by an antefix cross. On the southern wall are the remains of a funeral litre. The heraldic emblems painted on the liter are reproduced inside the chapel. On the side of the epistle there is an ogival pool.

Behind the altar are three niches containing old statues supported by corbels.

The vault of the chapel is paneled with tie beams.

There are several items in the chapel that are registered as historical objects:
 * Three altar candlesticks (18th century)
 * Three statues of Saint Mark, the Education of the Virgin, and the Virgin and Child (18th century)
 * A statue of Saint John the Baptist (16th century)
 * Two bas-reliefs of Saint John the Baptist and a priest praying (16th century)

The Parish Church of Saint-Philbert
The Parish Church of Saint-Philbert contains one item that is registered as an historical object:
 * A stained glass window of the Virgin and Child (13th century)

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Avenay

Avenay is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.

Geography
Avenay is located some 12 km south-west of Caen just east of Évrecy. Access to the commune is by the D36 road from Sainte-Honorine-du-Fay in the south-west which passes through the heart of the commune and the village and continues north to join the D8. Apart from the village there is the hamlet of La Coquerie on the eastern border. The commune consists entirely of farmland.

The Guigne river flows along the northern border of the commune towards the east where it joins the Orne south of Bully.

History
The oldest traces of Avenay village date from Gallo-Roman times. In 1820-1821 some remains of Gallo-Roman houses were found. In the Middle Ages, the village depended on the Bishop of Bayeux.

In 1827 Avenay (336 inhabitants in 1821) absorbed Fierville-en-Bessin (68 people) in the east of its territory.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 557 inhabitants. This table includes the population of Fierville-en-Bassin prior to 1827.

Sites and Monuments

 * The Church of Mary of the Assumption (Reconstruction).
 * Ruins of the Church of Fierville.
 * The Chateau of Fierville (16th century).
 * Pompierre Manor (15th century).

Activities and events
Each year, during the 3rd weekend in June, the Festival Committee of Avenay organises an inter-regional competition of bread.

One hundred bakers are judged every year. The competition focuses on different types of bread: Pain brié, Pain de campagne, traditional Baguettes, Croissants etc.

The jury, composed of baking professionals and consumers, use many criteria of quality and presentation.

The results are announced on Sunday afternoon at the fair in the village. The fair begins with a snack of Tripe at 9 am which brings hundreds of gourmands. The day continues with Mass and an exceptional sale of gold tripe.

On this day, the bakers make bread and pastries using bakery equipment and ovens installed specially for the festival. Visitors can buy bread made before their eyes.

The school fair is also held on the same day. On this occasion the students of the school perform several Norman dances in traditional costumes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Avenay


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Balleroy

Balleroy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Balleroy-sur-Drôme.

Geography
Balleroy is located some 16 km south-west of Bayeux and 21 km north-east of Saint-Lô. Access to the commune is by the D13 road from Cerisy-la-Forêt in the west which passes through the village and continues east to Lingèvres. The D28 road goes south from the village to Planquery. The commune is mainly farmland with the Château de Balleroy grounds just west of the village occupying a substantial land area.

The river Drôme forms the western and north-western borders of the commune as it flows north-east to eventually join the ocean at Port-en-Bessin-Huppain. The Ruisseau de la Commune flows from the west to join the Drome in the commune. The Vesbire forms the south-eastern border of the commune as it flows south-west to join the Drôme.

History
Until 1521 the commune was the property of the lord of Aunay. The lordship of Balleroy was purchased by the Trextot family. Jean de Choisy, counselor, notary and secretary of the king, in turn bought the lordship of Balleroy as well as the lands of Cormolain, Montfiquet, and Vaubadon. He was the son of Jean de Choisy, intendant of Metz, knight, advisor to the king and the Duke of Orléans, Lord of Balleroy, Beaumont, Grandcamp, Léthanville, and Saint-Pierre and he founded the present chateau. He made the inhabitants near the chateau into vassals, forcing them to build their homes there.

In 1634 the Lord of Balleroy obtained the establishment of a weekly market (on Tuesday) and two fairs a year.

During the French revolutionary period of the National Convention (1792-1795), the commune was called Bal-sur-Drôme.

Administration
Balleroy was part of the Community of communes Intercom Balleroy Le Molay-Littry which included 22 communes and had its seat in Le Molay-Littry.

Balleroy was the seat of the former Canton of Balleroy. Since the 2015 French cantons reform, it is part of the canton of Trévières.

List of Successive Mayors

Twinning
Balleroy has twinning associations with:
 * Shebbear (United Kingdom) since 1979.
 * 🇩🇰 Ribe (Denmark) since 1986.
 * 🇧🇫 Fo (Burkina Faso) since 1989.

Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Biardais or Biardaises and Billards or Billardes in French.

Civil heritage
The commune has two sites that are registered as historical monuments:
 * The Château de Balleroy (1626) was built by the architect François Mansart for Jean de Choisy, advisor to Louis XIII. Its French formal garden are by Henri Duchêne according to plans by André Le Nôtre. It remained in the Balleroy family until 1970. The village was built around the castle.
 * The Château de Balleroy Park (1626)

 * Chateau of Balleroy Picture Gallery

Religious heritage

 * The Parish Church of Saint-Martin Grounds (1650) are registered as an historical monument. The Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
 * A Framed Painting: The Alliance between Abimélek and Abraham (17th century)
 * A Framed Painting: The descendant of Abraham (17th century)
 * A Chalice with Paten (17th century)
 * A Statue: Virgin and child (17th century)
 * A Painting: The Annunciation (18th century)
 * An Episcopal Cross (18th century)
 * A Statue: Saint Martin (17th century)

 * Church of Saint Martin Picture Gallery

Activities and events
Each year a gathering of hot air balloons took place at the Château de Balleroy. This gathering took place for the last time in 1999 when Malcolm Forbes, the chateau's owner, would have celebrated his 80th birthday.

Since 2007 in the face of demand from the public, the festival was again held at the end of June but this no longer happens in the castle. This was held by the village festival committee who organized a small gathering. The festivities are now held above the village at the stadium.

Notable people linked to the commune

 * Louis Charles d'Hervilly (1756-1795), Count of Hervilly, knight, Marquis of Leschelles, married Marie Louise Augustine La Cour de Balleroy (1758-1830) on 7 October 1778 at the Château de Balleroy which was the Château for his wife's family.
 * Louis James, from an old Balleroy family (James from Lalande). He left to live in Auxerre (Yonne) where he founded the first modern department store in association with the local merchant Lesseré. As he was unmarried, he brought in a nephew (Achille) and niece (Hortense) to share in the very successful business: it was the time of "Bonheur des Dames" (Happiness of Women). The stores Soisson & James were transferred to Eurodif in 1970.
 * Count Albert de Balleroy (1828-1872), MP for Calvados, painter specialising in hunting scenes, shared a studio on Rue Lavoisier in Paris with Édouard Manet
 * Malcolm Forbes (1919-1990), American press billionaire, owner of the Chateau from 1970.

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Banneville

Banneville may refer to the following places in France:

 * Banneville-la-Campagne, a commune of Calvados
 * Banneville-sur-Ajon, a commune of Calvados

title: Banneville


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Banneville-la-Campagne

Banneville-la-Campagne is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.

Geography
Banneville-la Campagne is located some 8 km east of the centre of Caen just south of Sannerville. Access to the commune is by the D675 from Caen which forms the northern border of the commune as it goes east to Troarn. The D227 comes from Sannerville in the north and goes south through the village then continues to join the D225 south of the commune. The D225 comes from Troarn in the east and passes south-west through the eastern part of the commune and continues south to Émiéville. The A13 autoroute (Autoroute de Normandie: Caen to Paris) passes through the heart of the commune and the village from west to east with the intersection with the A813 autoroute (Banneville-la-Campagne to Frénouville) on the south-western border of the commune. The nearest exit is Exit to the D675 just east of the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Manneville in the south-west and Le Havre in the south-east. The commune is almost entirely farmland.

The Ruisseau du Pont Bâle forms most of the eastern border of the commune as it flows north to join the Fosse du Val on the northern border of the commune. The Ruisseau de Banneville rises in the commune and flows east to join the Ruisseau du Pont Bâle as does the Cours de Guillerville in the south-east where it forms part of the southern border of the commune.

Toponymy
The name Banneville was attested as Magnevilla in 1198.

The suffix -ville means in the old sense "rural domain" (cf. vilain), preceded by the Old Norse personal surname Norse Barn meaning "child".

The name is a homonym with all the Barnevilles in Normandy.

The complementary determinant -la-Campagne was attested from 1371 and refers to the campagne de Caen (the Caen Plain). This term belongs to the Northern Norman dialect and equivalent to the central French champagne. The Norman-Picard word campagne (Rural area) has been incorporated in standard French.

The name allows it to be distinguished from Banneville-sur-Ajon, another town in Calvados. It is uncertain that it shares the same etymology. The form Barneville sur Ajon was already mentioned in 1371.

History
In 1828 Banneville-la-Campagne (30 inhabitants in 1821) absorbed Guillerville (100 inhabitants in the southeast of the territory) and Manneville (47 inhabitants in the south-west).

During the Invasion of Normandy Guillerville was attacked on 19 July 1944 by the British 3rd Infantry Division as part of Operation Goodwood as part of the taking of the town of Troarn to the east. British tanks of the 27th Armoured Brigade faced the tanks of the Wehrmacht 21st Panzer Division and Tiger I tanks of the 503rd battalion of heavy tanks. Guillerville was finally liberated in the operation but not Troarn.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bannevillais or Bannevillaises in French.

Sites and monuments

 * A Chateau Gateway (14th century) is registered as an historical monument. It is the old gateway of the Abbey of Saint-Martin of Troarn which was removed in 1843 for the construction of the road from Troarn to Saint-Samson. It was re-erected, at the request of Gaston-Robert, Marquis de Banneville, in the commune of Banneville where it now serves as the entrance to the chateau.

title: Banneville-la-Campagne


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Banneville-sur-Ajon

Banneville-sur-Ajon is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Malherbe-sur-Ajon.

Geography
Banneville-sur-Ajon is located some 20 km south-west of Caen and 7 km south-east of Villers-Bocage. Access to the commune is by the D121A from Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe in the south which passes through the centre of the commune and the village and continues north to join the D8. The D171 from Landes-sur-Ajon to Préaux-Bocage passes through the north-east of the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of La Fêterie in the south and Gournay in the north. The commune is almost all farmland.

The Ajon river flows through the commune from south-east to north-west continuing to join the Odon south-west of Le Locheur. The Orgeuil river rises in the south of the commune and flows north-east through the length of the commune to join the Ajon. The Ruisseau de la Rette flows from the south to join the Orgeuil.

Toponymy
Banneville-sur-Ajon was Barneville sur Ajon in 1371. René Lepelley attributed the origin of the name to the Germanic anthroponym Benno with the Old French suffix -ville meaning "rural domain".

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bannevillais or Bannevillaises in French.

Sites and monuments

 * The Chapel of Saint-Clair (13th century) is registered as an historical monument. The church is built on a simple rectangular plan. On the tympanum of the south portal there is a figure in bas-relief of Saint Samson on his throne, and inside is a statue of Saint Clair.
 * The Church of Saint-Melaine is in neo-Gothic style from the late 19th century.
 * A replica of the grotto of Lourdes was built at a place called Le Village at the end of the Second World War.

title: Banneville-sur-Ajon


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Banville

Banville can refer to:

Places

 * Banville, Calvados, a commune in the Calvados department of the Normandy region of north-western France
 * Charles-B.-Banville Ecological Reserve, a nature reserve in Quebec, Canada

People

 * John Banville, an Irish novelist.
 * Melanie Louise Banville, a Canadian gymnast.
 * Théodore de Banville, a French poet and writer.

title: Banville


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Barbery

Barbery may refer to:

 * Muriel Barbery (born 1969), Morocco-born French novelist and professor of philosophy
 * Barbery, Calvados, France
 * Barbery, Oise, France
 * The craft of a barber

title: Barbery


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Talk:Michael Landon

Producer
Someone should say something about how Landon's shows were very wholesome and television networks did not expect them to do very well, but they ended up being very successful shows for their time. I believe I saw this information in the A&E Biography on Michael Landon.

Image
Does anyone know what happened to the image that (apparently) used to be attached to this article? I commented-out the reference to it in the article, but I assume it once existed...? Was it a copyvio? —Frecklefoot 17:39, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * It was uploaded on the 26th January. Images uploaded at that time are still missing. Secretlondon 17:41, Feb 24, 2004 (UTC)

I hear that eventually they'll be available again? In that case, I'll comment it back in—when they become available again, it'll appear. —Frecklefoot 17:58, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Jewish
What does "considered himself Jewish" mean? Did he attend synagogue or have a mikveh, etc.? Was he a Reform Jew on the basis of his father? Can we add any details? Rmhermen 17:08, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * The term "Jewish" may also be used to describe an ethnic background, not merely a religion. Michael 05:06, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

He did have a bar mitzvah.

He did have a Bar Mitzvah, at Temple Beth Sholom, Haddon Heights, NJ, a conservative Jewish synagogue, under the leadership of Rabbi Albert L. Lewis. According to Lewis's children, who knew him, his was one of the first Bar Mitzvah ceremonies conducted by their father. Resnicoff (talk) 02:35, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

--I added this info, but it was deleted because it was unreferenced/unsourched -- but was then allowed to reenter with "citation needed" reference. If anyone has a biography that mentions the synagogue, please enter the reference. I have spoken to congregants, and to the family of the rabbi, who do remember Eugene Orowitz as a student, who had one of the first Bar Mitzvah celebrations conducted by Rabbi Lewis. Thanks! Resnicoff (talk) 23:09, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I know of none. All I read is that he considered his beliefs to be a mixture of Roman Catholicism and Judaism, while he also considered himself Jewish by ethnicity. 64.234.0.101 (talk) 04:39, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

Wasn't there a TV movie made about him?
His one son (I think) made a tv movie for CBS about how Michael was a horrible father and a womanizer. This definitely needs to be added to the article. Buzda 08:41, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

how could you say that michael was a womanizer? - a complete stranger

Because he was.

 * Yes, he was more of a families man than a family man.

Sad that Landon didn't live up the TV roles he played in real life. I think he was a very nice man. In my opinion.

Answer: Even saints had spotted lives (Augustine). Michael Landon Jr never portrayed his dad as a womanizer (though Landon himself admitted to a period of heavy drinking). Young Landon was understandably hurt by his father's erratic, mid-life affair and percieved split affection. Still, elevating ideals via contemporary media is a lofty, honorable goal. Perhaps Maury "Paternity Test" Povich and Jerry Springer could take note. Airing shows about men who have sired 12 children by countless women before age 25 ("Maury"), men who had sex with their daughters ("Springer"), & transgender triagles ("Springer") is now considered entertainment. And the two questions Povich never asks during his hundreds of paternity tests is, "who is paying for these kids livlihood, or the crime that is linked to these absentee dads' unsupervised youth"? Springer became a host after a mayorial sex scandel, but no one can call him duplistic as he never trumpeted values. Why dump on people who elevate ideals when they fall short, while people who profit from losers are embraced? -Wes Angus —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.40.172.8 (talk) 12:57, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

That movie by his son was disowned by his other kids. It's just gossip and it doesnt have a place here, IMO. Actually I think he directed a movie called Sam's Song about his childhood. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.201.188.178 (talk) 18:31, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Who? Landon or his son?  Landon made a movie called The Loneliest Runner about his own childhood. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 18:57, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Cindy Clerico
Cindy Clerico's article could be merged with this one? --Melaen 22:57, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Nah, two completely different people.

Cleanup needed
Why did someone add that David Canary received an Emmy in Michael's opening paragraph? Even if that is appropriate, which I don't think it is, it should at least be clarified that Mr. Canary has won only a DAYTIME emmy for his work on a soap opera which has nothing to do with Michael's career since Michael only worked in Primetime and never worked on daytime soap operas. And why isn't there a section on Awards that Michael has won? Michael Landon may not have won an Emmy but he was awarded the Founders Award in 1982 by the Television Academy of Arts and Science and was posthumously inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. He won numerous other awards, lifetime achievement awards, and was also inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame and other entertainment related associations/Halls of Fame (I can get all the official/correct names). In addition, numerous awards have been named in honor of Michael Landon like the Michael Landon Award for Contribution to Youth through Television, The Michael Landon Award for Community Service to Youth (Young Artists Awards), and the Michael Landon Award that is given out by the [CA] Governor's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities, to name a few.JanisLyn (May 7, 2007)

ANSWER- The point is that Landon, one of the most prolific stars of all time, DIDN'T get an Emmy in ANY facet of television (acting, writng, directing). Sad, but one suspects a bias against G rated fare. Or maybe awards are just too pretentous? Why should Tatum O'Neil have one and not Shirley Booth, etc..?-FQ  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.40.172.8 (talk) 18:19, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

A) Why make a distinction between daytime vs primetime? Look at what passes for TV entertainment between 8 and 11 PM these days (Flava-Flav on MTV), and soap operas will begin to look like Shakespeare. -T.H.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.40.172.8 (talk) 19:19, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

This article is in serious need of a cleanup. It's poorly written in some areas. I'd do it, but I have nowhere near the time! --Bmeloche 02:42, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Yes, a few dangling participles. e.g. "In 1956, Landon lost his father, Eli Orowitz, to a massive heart attack, while working at a store." (who was working at the store? Grammatically, its Michael, but contextualy, its ambiguous.)

I tried to get a lot of the errors and just plain dull minutiae out of the text. Someone keeps sayin ghe is a "character actor"--he wasnt. He was a leading man type of actor. A character actor is someone who plays odd roles of a particular type.

The character actor was back again. Would whoever is doing that PLEASE look up the definition of character actor and refrain from using it? Thank you! If you need assistance with an example: Examples of *character actors* are: Bruce Dern, Dub Taylor, Wally Cox, and James Whitmore. Look these men up and I think you will see that Landon, a "lead actor" did not do character roles.

Fixed the lead in to the quote: "Boy, you gotta be real sick to get this much attention." That statement was made in reference to how many members of the press showed up to the press conference Michael Landon held in April 1991 to discuss his pancreatic cancer and not about being popular on television as someone had previously noted. JanisLyn

Too much unsourced gossip
I appreciate that the current revision reads less like a fan page than previous versions, but there is a new problem. The "Family Life" section is too long for an actor's Wikipedia article. I can understand some discussion of his family life, since he is often portrayed as a wholesome figure despite his many affairs. But as it is, the section is too long. I agree I happen to highly respect him and this should be focused on his act in life mainly. Does anyone agree?

Worse, the overwhelming majority of the new information is completely unsourced. This has to be fixed. It is a problem throughout the article, but especially in the family section. What is the source for these personal items? Phiwum 16:38, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

This article is a mess. He deserves better! I keep deleting character actor too, but it keeps coming back. Someone needs to look up what a character actor is! Landon was a lead male actor. Telly Savalas, Wally Cox, Ken Curtis, Bruce Dern were/are character actors!

I added information about dates of birth of his children. Dates and adoption information (or in the case of his stepdaughter, non-adoption) come from Michael's Will and its codicil, which are public documents. I got copies of them when his stepdaughter's book came out back in 1992 because she was making some claims about last minute changes to his Will. JanisLyn

I corrected the previous notation about Michael Jr. working as a director on Highway to Heaven. That was not true. He worked as a film loader. First, just watching Highway to Heaven episodes establishes Michael Jr. was not a director of any episode. Second, his getting hired as a film loader has been mentioned in numerous articles including an interview Michael Jr. did for TV Guide, August 7, 1993. JanisLyn

Family section may be long but as someone noted he was known for his family programming and his family life has over the years been the source of commentary, both pro and con. In addition, several of his children are actively working in the entertainment industry: Jennifer (actress, As the World Turns); Christopher (screenwriter), Michael Jr. (director, writer and producer); and Leslie did some acting when she was younger on Little House. The Landon family is now a second-generation Hollywood entertainment family. JanisLyn

Someone requested citations regarding the divorce information for Michael Landon's second marriage and the amount of the property settlement that Lynn Landon received in 1982. I have citations but I don't know how to include them. For example, the amount and year of the final property settlement for Michael's second marriage is disclosed on page 128 of the biography by Aileen Joyce called Michael Landon His Triumph and Tragedy and it states Lynn Landon "received an estimated settlement of $26 million" and that the final settlement was reached prior to April 27, 1982. I have also seen this information elsewhere but I assume one citation is enough ... right? Could someone let me know how to add citations to this article. Thanks. JanisLyn

Major cleanup started
I only came to read about Landon, and instead I was sort of appalled at the article quality. I have cleaned up a lot of really bad grammar here, though certainly not all of it, and have attempted to return the article to NPOV. Several things (such as the bedwetting) were removed as being both irrelevant as well as being completely incomprehensible as sentences. Because I was only here to read, I have not yet gone to verify facts, so they still need checking (I called for citations in a couple places, and will remove the statement that he acted because actors get more money if no one can provide a citation by end August). I did check the Nielsen ratings against Wikipedia's list of #1 shows, but have otherwise only tried to clarify sentences, not confirm them.--Thespian 13:31, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Thank God you did this--I tried but it was too awful and I got tired. :)

Made lists for Family section. THought it contained too much gossip. Got it down to just the facts. Hope this helps. Rearranged some of the sections. Death at the end, not in the middle. Removed some uncited gossip. Someone take it from here. I'm exhausted. Babygator23 19:12, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I cleaned up the lead which was confusing, irrelevant, and unsourced. ChiHistoryeditor (talk) 21:25, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

"Early life" section
I removed this just added section from the artilce:

 * As a little boy, he used to run out of the house playing the roles of people, while hiding. He then blamed himself for telling the family to be reconnected, after Orowitz dreamt of having a new family. At the same time, he also wet his bed until he was a teenager as his upsetting mother tried to humiliate him by stopping him to hang his sheets outside the bedroom window. He never confided in his friends about his homelife. In 1949, when Orowitz was 12, he watched Samson and Delilah, where he was overwhelmed by the large image on the big screen, which was the long hair. In his own fantasy, he identified the heroes who have long hair, but Orowitz never had long hair until he was in his thirties. Despite of the movie he watched, he never told any of his classmates about his hair-brained theory.

It is unsourced, POV and unclear. It also looks like it might be a joke. Do with it what you will. — Frecklefoot | Talk 14:34, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Philadelphia is not a suburb of Collingswood, NJ. While growing up in Collingswood, NJ, he had a bed-wetting problem that went into his teenage years. His mother would hang his sheets out his bedroom window, he would run home to remove them. He never confided in anyone about it. GrammyBG (talk) 17:15, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

Categories
Way too many...they take up about 6 lines. Which ones should be deleted? Babygator23 14:56, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Awards for Little House - info needs corrected
This article states that "Though Little House was tremendously popular with viewers, the show was never nominated for any Emmys or Golden Globes." That is not accurate - it was nominated for several Emmys and Golden Globes, and even won a few Emmys. 206.180.110.8 18:21, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Article said that Little House was "published" by Laura Ingalls Wilder. Changed to "written". Ingalls was an author, not a publisher. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.69.210.124 (talk) 05:38, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Needed correction...
"The show was taken from a 1935 book that was published by Laura Ingalls Wilder, whose character in the show was played by a then-unknown actress, Melissa Gilbert."

LOL, "a then-unknown actress"?? Melissa Gilbert was TEN YEARS OLD when Little House began. Is it her fault that she wasn't "better known," at say, age eight?

I think the "then-unknown" can be dropped without much ado. Simplemines 03:23, 6 February 2007 (UTC)Katy`

 * I agree it could be dropped without really losing much. On the other hand, maybe Gilbert is well-known enough (or maybe not; I'd only know her from Adam by virtue of the fact that she's presumably female) that it's worth making the point that this is where she started being well-known?  Compare "Shirley Temple was cast in such-and-such a role" with "Shirley Temple, a then-unknown actress, was chosen for the part of whozis". 174.65.175.154 (talk) 22:46, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

One referrence?
Please say it ain't so! Oh well, not really surprised. I see that clean up was suggestted in the past. Landon's article seems like it deserves a little more attention. Any takers? Thanks!--Tom 16:11, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

A quotes section?
I've read the quotes section, and I've come to the conclusion that this actor is not particularly quotable. Neither is his mother. Is this section really necessary? Does it add to the encyclopedic content, or is it merely fancruft? Phiwum 23:03, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Non sequitir?
"Landon, a southpaw, often performed his own stunts."

What does being left handed have to do with perform your own stunts?

John Paul Parks (talk) 17:16, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

I came in here to wonder the same thing. This smells like supercondensed news feature wordcount-itis. 198.53.208.74 (talk) 12:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Relationship with Melissa Gilbert
This from Melissa Gilbert...
 * Melissa didn't have any contact with Landon after "Little House" ended during the 1983/1984 season. Seven years later, on May 9, 1991, when she saw a gaunt-looking Landon on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson discussing his pancreatic cancer, she was compelled to finally telephone him. She had had no contact with Landon since his divorce scandal and he had never met her son, Dakota Brinkman, born May 1, 1989. Together they went to his Malibu home where he was, by then, bed-ridden. They spent the afternoon together. It was her opportunity to say "goodbye," something she did not get to do when Paul Gilbert suddenly passed away when she was 11. Exactly one week later, on July 1, 1991, Landon died. When Melissa gave birth to her second son (with second husband Bruce Boxleitner) on October 6, 1995, she named him Michael in honor of him.

...contradicts what is in this article:
 * After the series ended, Gilbert stayed connected with Michael Sr. for the next 8 years, until his death. After Landon's passing, she named her son, Michael Garrett Boxleitner (1995), after him.

So, which is it? --Elliskev 18:12, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Which is ref'ed? — Frecklefσσt | Talk 18:40, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Neither. --Elliskev 18:56, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

I am not 100% sure, but I believe it was his Little House wife (Karen Grasley) who had no contact with Michael after Little House ended its run. Melissa, however, did have some off/on contact. -Vince Potter

On a not-entirely-unrelated note, the entire (long) paragraph about Melissa Gilbert in the Little House on the Prairie section reads like the stream of consciousness of someone on speed. It looks like it's largely quotes, but I think it would be probably better rewritten entirely. Unfortunately, I can't make heads or tails of it to do so. "He put frogs in his mouth, we had a script supervisor. He had this chair with these pouches on the sides and he would carry from the set to where we were shooting, from spot to spot to spot to wrap around the course of the day." Huh? Carry what? The chair? The frogs? The script supervisor? And that's just a short snippet, the rest of it is much the same. 174.65.175.154 (talk) 22:35, 18 June 2011 (UTC) I agree with the above paragraph, as I was reading that section, my reaction was just that Huh?. and excuse my ignorance, but would someone please enlighten me as to what the phrase "put frogs in his mouth" means? I have never heard this one!Welby99Welb99 20:46, 1 December 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Welby99 (talk • contribs)
 * That was very confusing. I condensed that section considerably and asked for a citation.ChiHistoryeditor (talk) 21:48, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

Orphanage series
Hi!

I am from Germany. I remember that - about twenty years ago or so - there was a TV-series running that centered around a rural orphanage. Although I do not expressly remember Walnut Grove or any character from the Little House series appearing or even being mentioned there, the atmosphere, clothing and simply everything seemed to be set in the very same universe. And I am also pretty sure that I read Michael Landon's name - as a producer or co-producer - somewhere in the opening or closing credits.

Does anyone here happen to know what the name of this series was?

You're talking about little house on the prairie. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.18.137.61 (talk) 04:01, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Thank you in advance and all the best to you.--80.141.178.121 (talk) 20:45, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Michael Landon was creator, producer and director of Father Murphy, a 1981 - 1983 Western series about a group of orphan children. Karenthewriter (talk) 03:06, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Unreferenced moved here
Cheryl made a promise to her father to continue his grave concern for the future generation with positive live shows; promoting family values and to honor and protect his name. She is an International public speaker, teacher, mother, and author. Cheryl wrote the bestselling book, "I Promised My Dad" referred to as a loving love story between a father and daughter. She has been written up in many magazines positively promoting her father and remains devoted to her father's legacy. Cheryl refers to him as the greatest father, though a step father at 6 years old, he treated and refered to her as his daughter. She continues the work for our youth through "Street Corner Dreams" foundation. She has been awarded: "Ambassador of Peace" from the Washington Times Foundation and United Nations. Cheryl had Michael's first grandchild, James Michael Wilson..

Yuck
This article reads like it was written by an 8 year old, for 5 year olds. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.40.119.251 (talk) 15:29, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's suffered from numerous editors heaping gushing praise without any references to back up their claims. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 14:35, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I concur. One of the worst things I've ever read on Wikipedia. Not only is the tone nauseating, the grammar and spelling are terrible. 62.40.35.123 (talk) 23:05, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Death under Other Projects?
Is it really necessary to have Death under the heading 'Other Projects'? Iæfai (talk) 02:55, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

 * No. Like the note above, this article has suffered from one too many editors without an organized effort to clean it all up. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 14:35, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I just looked at the article. His death is mentioned there in passing in reference to one of his projects, but it's not discussed in detail.  The article has a whole section on his illness and death. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 14:38, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Smoking
The article should mention that Landon's pancreatic cancer was caused by his heavy smoking and drinking. (92.0.37.66 (talk) 17:57, 28 February 2010 (UTC))

 * Only if there's a reliable reference stating so. --SkagitRiverQueen (talk) 18:11, 28 February 2010 (UTC)
 * And preferably not added by a sockpuppet of the banned User:HarveyCarter. Rodhull  andemu  18:26, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Landon wrote an article for Life magazine in May 1991 in which he said he believed his cancer had been caused by his lifestyle (heavy smoking, drinking, too much unhealty food). His close friend Victor French died of lung cancer caused by smoking. (JacobDowell (talk) 21:24, 28 February 2010 (UTC))

 * You are correct about the article (but it was actually June, not May, 1991). I used to have a copy of it that I kept, but have since misplaced it (maybe I loaned it out to someone).  I will look around on the internet and see if I can find a reference to that article.  Thanks for bringing it up.  --SkagitRiverQueen (talk) 21:45, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

That's right. I think he wrote it in May and it was published in June 1991. (JacobDowell (talk) 22:10, 28 February 2010 (UTC))

"TV Guide"
First paragraph: "Landon appeared on the cover of TV Guide twenty-two times" Perhaps there should be a link added to this comment ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide ): otherwise the implication is that all readers will know this publication. These kind of assumptions can lead to a feeling that there is a U.S. bias here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.180.47.192 (talk) 00:40, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Legacy section
In the legacy section, there is mention of his humor. Indeed, it is quoted as "often cited", with absolutely no citation. Can someone familiar with this find some citations?Wzrd1 (talk) 01:07, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

 * You are hilarious — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.232.191.16 (talk) 17:48, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Landon's Samson complex
Does anybody have a citation to a story about Landon's Samson complex? I remember reading an article many years ago (I think in Parade in the 80s) where someone asked him why he wore his hair so long. He said that as far back as he could remember he wore it as long as he possibly could. It wasn't until the 70s and Bonanza was ended that he could wear it really long. He told about how even in the 50s while in college, he grew it as long as he could (the normal style then being the crewcut). His friends on the track team kept bugging him to get a crewcut, which he always refused. One day they tackled him and shaved his head with an electric razor. He said he felt so weak that he couldn't practice or participate in meets until his hair grew back. Does anybody remember this article or have it's citation? 209.179.35.169 (talk) 03:43, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

Michal Landon's promise
Hi there. I noticed that the article does not mention anything about the religious beliefs behind Michael Landon's projects. I wanted to share this excerpt of an interview held months before Michael Landon's death: ""The most important promise I ever made, was a promise to God and I made it while holding the hand of my daughter Cheryl, who was lying near death in a hospital in Tucson. She'd been in a terrible automobile accident and her body was shattered. She was in a deep coma, and the doctors gave her no chance at all. But I wouldn't, I couldn't give up. So I stayed with her in intensive care. Day after day, holding her hand, talking to her, telling her that I loved her, that we all loved her. The nurses said it was useless, that she couldn't hear me. But I didn't listen. When Cheryl finally woke up, she told me things I'd said to her. And I spoke to God. I promised God that if he would let her live, I would do something useful with my life, something to make the world a little better because I'd been here. Cheryl did get well, and I've tried to keep the promise. Since that day every script I've written and every series I've produced— not only Little House on the Prairie and Highway to Heaven, but the ones that didn't make it and the one I've just started — have expressed the things I most deeply believe. I believe in God, I believe in family, I believe in truth between people, I believe in the power of love. I believe that we really are created in God's image, that there is God in all of us. So I deal with the God I really know, and that's you. When I need to ask forgiveness, I don't ask a God up in the sky. That's too easy. I ask you. All along, and especially recently, my beliefs have deeply disturbed some of my children, who have been terribly afraid that I will not have a place in God's house because I do not believe that Jesus Christ was the son of God. But we've come to an understanding now. They understand that I have my own way, and that I can't just change to make them feel better. God doesn't want a hypocrite. Besides, I don't believe that the God I know will judge me on that basis. So I don' t see why I should fear death — and I don't. I don't want to die, and I'm going to fight like hell not to, but I'm not afraid to die. In fact, I'd hate to be kept alive if I were a horrible burden to my family, a bedridden object they had to visit. A hospital isn't my favorite place to draw a crowd. No, I don't want to be kept going by machines. It's my life, and I think I'm the best judge of when it should be over. But while life lasts, it's good to remember that death is coming, and it's good that we don't know when. It keeps us alert, reminds us to live while we have the chance. Somebody should tell us, right at the start of our lives, that we are dying.""

- Michael Landon; Interview at Life Magazine, Volume 14. Time, Incorporated, 1991.

Just wondering.... Shouldn't something of this be mentioned in the article?--Goose friend (talk) 22:57, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

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Early Life.
Eugene Maurice Orowitz, son of Hannah August Orowitz (3/1895-8/22/1942) and Eli Maurice Orowitz (6/3/1896-2/25/1959). After his mother Hannah August died in 1942, his father Eli married Hana Publicker Gray (12/6/1908-12/5/1990). GrammyBG (talk) 18:16, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

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Filmography
Does anyone think we should add a list of films and television shows that he appeared in? Matt Campbell (talk) 18:14, 13 April 2019 (UTC)

That's what imdb.com is for. Rairden (talk) 01:44, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael Landon


text:
Grulla National Wildlife Refuge

Grulla National Wildlife Refuge is located primarily in eastern New Mexico in Roosevelt County, southwest of the intersection of State Highway 88 and the Texas - New Mexico border about 25 miles southeast of Portales, New Mexico and southeast of the tiny community of Arch. A very small part of the refuge extends eastward into western Bailey County, Texas.

The central focal point of the Grulla National Wildlife Refuge is an ephemeral salt lake or saline playa – a shallow basin that collects runoff from the surrounding drainage area during heavy downpours but then often dries completely due to evaporation. This playa lake has been known by various names. Current USGS topographic maps and most commercially available maps of this region refer to this saline playa simply as "Salt Lake". Back in the early 1880s, this playa was part of the DZ Ranch, and those familiar with the ranch often favor the name "DZ Lake". The lake is also frequently called "Arch Lake" after the nearby community of Arch, New Mexico, located around 6 km to the northwest.

The word grulla is Spanish for crane. When wet, the playa lake provides habitat to sandhill cranes and the grasslands within the refuge provide habitat to other birds such as ring-necked pheasants, lesser prairie chickens, and scaled quails.

The refuge has no facilities other than a parking lot and trails and is administered by Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. It was often used in the mid 2000s as a training site for the Eastern New Mexico University cross country teams.

title: Grulla National Wildlife Refuge


text:
Talk:Attorney–client privilege

what about a billing statement to a school distri t for legal fees? is this privileged?

 * Probably depends on local law. I'd consult a local attorney.  Tempshill 00:28, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

All of the tax issues sounds like an ad for a tax attorney over an accountant. Surely tax-related issues do not form the bulk (if any) of concerns over attorney-client privilege. Rlove 20:11, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Attorney Client Privilege
If anyone has any insight on my question, it would be greatly appreciated. My husband and I are entering into a legal proceding. We are afraid that he may have some health problems that may interfere with getting his immigration papers completed and that some things on his medical exam may actually prevent him from obtaining his US green card. We would like to discuss these issues with our lawyer but we are afraid he will not keep them confidential. Is anything you discuss with your lawyer in the state of CA regarding immigration protected under the Attorney Client Privilege?

Thanks, Anonymous333 18:53, 3 February 2007 (UTC)Anonymous333

Department of Human Services
Where as a minor child has been put into a care facility, and the Iowa Department of Human Services notifies the care giver to monitor the child's phone conversations (including with his lawyer), it appears that the child has no rights. Even when the parents and or legal guardians protest, Iowa Department of Human Services can still monitor calls with no notification to the person(s) having the phone conversations. Furthermore, Iowa Department of Human Services will not accept liability of any action nor can be held liable for their imorral acts. Is this true or false?

Redirecting here
Why does the search term 'legal professional privilege' redirect here, which deals with 'attorney-client privilege' under US law? 'Legal professional privilege' is a general term for all common law jurisdictions (which, believe it or not, includes the US.) I have contributed the article on 'legal professional privilege (England & Wales)', but it seems to me that the 'commonwealth' link actually functions as a general description of the concept in all common law jurisdictions. Thus, the primary result page should be what is now the 'commonwealth' page, with the US, English and Australian pages leading off from that.

Otherwise, the matter seems like US chauvenism - which is odd, since English law invented the concept in the first place!

Urbanmyth139 (talk) 10:40, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Changes made
I have made the term 'legal professional privilege' redirect to Legal Professional Privilege (Common Law) which is a general treatment of this concepts - which is common to all common law countries, including the US. The US is included (as is the England & Wales, Australia and Canada) in a summarised form in the Common law overview. Please could whoever is best-placed make a better summary (at the moment it is just a cut-and-paste from the this Attorney-client page) in the Legal Professional Privilege (Common Law) article?

Urbanmyth139 (talk) 11:01, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Attorney Client Privilege
There's a popular house music artist by the name of "Attorney Client Privilege" (yeah, odd name). The group has also recently hit the "Promo Only" dance track listings in March 2008. Should I create a entirely new article named something like "Attorney Client Privilege (artist)"? — ThreeDee912 (talk) 18:46, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Discussion of state law in intro section
First and second bullets are, I believe, wrong. If you think they are correct, please add a citation. The third bullet actually isn't about the privilege at all, but rather the lawyer's duty to maintain confidences (which is broader than the privilege in all states, not just California). In any event, they shouldn't be in the introduction. --Sjsilverman (talk) 12:30, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

The use of the word "their" with a singular antecedent
In the intro for the article, I would argue that "he or she" is preferable over "their." (See recent edits.)

I agree with what the anonymous user is saying about the fact that a "client" could be an entity other than a man or a woman, in the article.

The word "client" is singular. The use of the word "their" in connection with a singular antecedent ("client") is indeed colloquial in English, and is "proper" in that sense. See, e.g., the definition of "their" in Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, p. 1474, World Publishing Co., Inc. (2nd Coll. Ed. 1978).

However, the term "colloquial" means "designating or of the words, phrases and idioms characteristic of informal speech and writing.." Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, p. 280, World Publishing Co., Inc. (2nd Coll. Ed. 1978) (italics added).

This is not "informal speech," and it is not "informal writing." This is an encyclopedia. The colloquial use of the word "their" in this way in an encyclopedia is clumsy, just as the use of contractions (which are colloquial and acceptable for informal speech) is not as appropriate in formal written materials.

By contrast, the use of "his or her" is not clumsy. Thoughts, anyone? Famspear (talk) 20:40, 5 April 2016 (UTC)

Here's what I'm talking about:

 * Attorney–client privilege is a US-American legal concept that protects certain communications between a client and their attorney and prevents the attorney from being compelled to testify to those communications in court.

That's colloquial. It sounds like informal speech -- because that's really what it is. People who are fluent in English often speak that way. However, it's clumsy.

In an encyclopedia, I would argue that the more formal approach works better:

 * Attorney–client privilege is a US-American legal concept that protects certain communications between a client and his or her attorney and prevents the attorney from being compelled to testify to those communications in court.

That's not as clumsy, and it's more appropriate for an encyclopedia. Yours, Famspear (talk) 20:44, 5 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I can't agree. Several formal sources employ the singular they, for instance, the Canadian Parliament. Take Bill C-14 as an example:

 * "1 No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on them, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person who inflicts death on the person who gave consent.

 * 2 The Act is amended by adding the following after section 226:

 * 227 (1) No medical practitioner or nurse practitioner commits culpable homicide if they provide a person with medical assistance in dying in accordance with section 241."

 * And that isn't just an isolated incident. Now obviously that's just one example, but the singular they is used far more than he/she by the general population in both speech and writing, to the point that governments have moved to use it in law.

 * They is undeniable more elegant than he or she from a speech perspective just because it's shorter and less bulky to use.

 * Is there still some opposition for its use in academic contexts? Sure, but there's still opposition to calling vegetables healthy instead of healthful. In the end, I think it's best to use what most speakers of English would prefer, even in an academic contexts, which I would suggest is definitely the singular they.

 * --krimin_killr21(talk) 20:09, 11 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Attorney–client privilege


text:
Wikipedia:Main Page/Temp10

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Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge

Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge is a 6440 acre wildlife refuge located about 20 mi south of Muleshoe, Texas, on Texas State Highway 214. It is the oldest national wildlife refuge in Texas, having been established as the Muleshoe Migratory Waterfowl Refuge by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. Roosevelt issued a proclamation in 1940 to change the name to the Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge. In 1980, Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

The refuge is a stop for migratory waterfowl flying between Canada and Mexico. The refuge includes several intermittent salt lakes, some of which have been modified to extend their wet periods. Paul's Lake, on the east side of Highway 214, is spring-fed, and hosts wildlife during times when the other lakes are dry. If sufficient water is present during the winter, the refuge hosts tens of thousands of sandhill cranes. The largest number of cranes ever recorded was 250,000, during February, 1981.

Other wildlife includes wood warblers, meadowlarks, raptors, burrowing owls, black-tailed prairie dogs, jackrabbits, cottontail rabbits, coyotes, black-footed ferrets, spotted chorus frogs, and badgers.

The prairie ecosystem includes plant life such as wildflowers, grasses, yucca, cacti, and mesquite. Rangeland management techniques include controlled burning and grazing.

Northeast of White Lake is a small area of white gypsum dunes, similar to those found at White Sands National Park in New Mexico, though these are much less expansive.

title: Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge


text:
Talk:Register renaming

Renaming without pipeline descriptions
Initially I had thought that I could describe just the mechanics of renaming without pipeline descriptions. Didn't happen; those descriptions got large. At some point I will move those two pipeline descriptions into their own pages, like the Classic RISC Pipeline page. Before I do that I'd like to find better names for the renaming styles.

Better diagrams would be nice as well. I haven't figured out how to make them both compact and readable.

Finally, the introduction is a tough read. It's easy to write something short but it usually ends up either cryptic or wrong. The current version is cryptic.

Iain McClatchie

You removed the discussion of registers-for-speed and noted it (apparently) as a "factual error". I have to disagree. The growth in register count from ~3 in the 1970s to the hundreds in modern CPU's is specifically to take advantage of higher speed access, allowing one-cycle retiring. Perhaps I am misreading the check-in note, but if not I think it's reasonable to re-add the portion on performance.

Maury 23:55, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Let me expand on my check-in note:

> Registers are small pieces of memory that can be accessed with almost zero > cost

I didn't understand precisely what "cost" meant.

> Registers are an important part of the CPU design,

I didn't think this added anything; you were working up to...

> but take up considerable room on the CPU design

No. Specifically, things like architectural register files in fast x86 designs are absolutely tiny. Issue/decode logic dominates.

> and are therefore "expensive".

No. Large numbers of registers in the ISA are "expensive" because you have to encode them, which means the instructions get large and awkward and chew up lots of instruction cache.

> One of the major goals in CPU design is to get the best use of the > registers for the lowest cost.

I've been part of two CPU designs, and at no time did anyone mention this as a goal. Never heard about it from any other CPU design teams either.

That said, adding architected registers to ISAs has been a point of several modern ISA designs. For high speed out-of-order designs, this is to give the compiler more names to expose more parallelism to the hardware. For embedded designs, it's gone both ways -- many ISAs went with 32 registers because that was the classic RISC style, and it fits nicely in a 32 bit instruction. Others (e.g. ARM Thumb) went with smaller numbers of registers (8 IIRC), trading exposed parallelism for packing density. I have not done a stack architecture, but I hear they are dense and give a fair number of registers too, at the cost of decoder complexity.

> functional units, a single one of which would represent a complete CPU > on it's own

Also false. Functional units refer to ALUs, FP multipliers or adders, or cache access pipes. The term is actually a bit vague, since it sometimes refers to a bunch of possible computations that share a writeback port to a central register file.

You had something in there about 20-way superscalar machines. You may have intended to refer to vector operations, but I didn't get that from context.

"Fast" these days comes down to getting values from one functional unit to another with nothing more than wire and mux delays. This can be done with values that go through memory, but the hardware to figure out the aliasing and get this right is much larger and more power hungry than the hardware to figure out forwarding from register names.

I'm not sure how to write this accurately and concisely, but saying that putting in lots of registers is good because they're fast is just not right.

I do appreciate your interest, and I readily acknowledge that my writing is not the best and can be improved.

Iain McClatchie

history buffer
The description of a "history buffer" in this register renaming article sounds very different from the description of a "history buffer" in the branch predictor article. Does one or the other of these articles need to be adjusted to give a correct description of a history buffer? Or are there really two very different circuits (perhaps in different locations in the same CPU) that happen to have the name "history buffer"? (Is there maybe some other phrase we could use for one or the other or both to distinguish them?) --DavidCary (talk) 20:27, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Like any other discipline, computer architecture is full of terms that have multiple definitions that are disambiguated by context. The term "history buffer" is used both branch prediction and register renaming (among others). As such, there's no need to edit anything to give either topic exclusive use of the term. L9G45AT0 (talk) 03:39, 29 July 2016 (UTC)

comp.arch posts
It looks like some of this article is paraphrased from some of my comp.arch posts. Sometimes just changing "I" to "Andy Glew". Thanks, but...

Probably there should be references to such material, either via the Internet Archive (which past experience shows wikipedia dislikes) or possibly to publication in "Internet Nuggets" in Computer Architecture news. The latter is more acceptable to pseudo-academics, although CAN is a non-refereed journal.

Else wikipedia will inevitably remove such content.

--A.Glew (talk) 22:53, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

 * If it's paraphrased, and a reference is made to a comp.arch post, that'll probably be acceptable to enough not to cause it to be Obviously Unreliable or whatever. Using Template:Cite newsgroup, and pointing to Google Groups, would work; the fact that the template exists suggests that USENET isn't inherently an unreliable source. Guy Harris (talk) 00:57, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Register renaming


text:
Windstar Cruises

Windstar Cruises is a cruise line that operates a fleet of small luxury cruise ships. Its six yachts carry just 148 to 310 guests and cruise to 50 nations, calling at 150 ports throughout Europe, the South Pacific, the Caribbean, and Central America. In May 2014, Windstar added to its sailing yachts by adding the Star Pride power yacht, followed by Star Breeze and Star Legend in May 2015. The additional capacity opened up new itineraries such as voyages to Iceland, the Panama Canal, and Costa Rica and allowed Windstar Cruises to sail Tahiti year round.

History
Founded by ship entrepreneur Karl G. Andrén, the line was established as Windstar Sail Cruises in 1984, and its first ship, the Wind Star was launched in 1986, and was followed by the Wind Song which was launched in 1987 and Wind Spirit which was launched in 1988. Two additional ships were ordered from the French "Sociéte Nouvelle des Ateliers et Chantiers du Havre" shipyard: the Wind Surf and the Wind Saga. These two ships were to be larger than the originals, holding over twice the number of passengers and reaching a length of 660 ft, compared to the smaller vessels of 440 ft in length.

Purchase by Holland America Line
Holland America Line (HAL) purchased 50% of Windstar Sail Cruises in 1987 and purchased the balance of the company in 1988. HAL became a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc in 1989. The option to continue building the Wind Surf and the Wind Saga was passed up by HAL. With assistance from the French Government these two larger ships were built for Club Med as Club Med I and Club Med II, with HAL / Carnival retaining rights of first refusal for purchase. A few years later, HAL / Carnival planned to buy the Club Med I and the Club Med II with permission. However, Windstar cruises was unable to purchase the ships and rename them to Wind Surf and the Wind Saga because they had only enough money to purchase one ship. So in 1998, Windstar acquired the sail cruiser Club Med I from Club Med Cruises, and rechristened her to her original name Wind Surf.

Sale of Windstar to Xanterra Travel Collection
In March 2007, Carnival sold Windstar to Ambassadors International for $100 million.

On April 1, 2011, Windstar's parent company Ambassadors International filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. A bankruptcy court in Delaware held a two-day auction and Anschutz Corporation won Windstar Cruises with a bid of $39 million. Subsidiary Xanterra Travel Collection is now the parent company.

Fleet Expansion
In 2013 Windstar completed the purchase of Seabourn Cruise Line's Star Pride, Star Legend, and  Star Breeze. Star Pride entered service on May 5, 2014 with an inaugural cruise from Barcelona, after some upgrades. In May 2015, Windstar increased its fleet from four yachts to six with Star Breeze and Star Legend. Both yachts underwent a $17 million, three-week dry dock in Genoa, Italy, before a christening ceremony in May. In 2016, Star Pride underwent a renovation to refurbish public spaces, expand the outdoor seating of the Veranda restaurant and remodeled the AmphorA restaurant.

In June 2018, Star Legend became the largest cruise ship to ever travel through Seattle's Ballard Locks and the Lake Washington Ship Canal. In November 2018, Windstar announced that the three "Star Class" ships—Star Pride, Star Breeze and Star Legend—would be lengthened by 84 ft. The work is part of the company's $250 million USD 'Star Plus' initiative. The work took place at Fincantieri's shipyard in Palermo, Italy.

In 2019, Windstar was named the Best Small Ship Cruise Line by AFAR readers and Condé Nast Traveler's Readers' Choice Awards. In October 2019, Windstar Cruises announced that it would begin offering cruises to Alaska in 2021.

Recent History
In April 2024, it was announced Windstar would be adding two more ships to its fleet by 2026. The first of which being Windstar's first ever new build, the Star Seeker which was originally order for Atlas Ocean Voyages as World Seeker and will enter service in December 2025. The second, Star Explorer is currently sailing as World Explorer and is on charter to Quark Expeditions. This ship will enter service at the end of the charter agreement in December 2026.

Fleet
The ships are relatively small, with the Wind Surf having a capacity for about 300 passengers, and the others about 150. Star Pride carries up to 212 passengers in 106 suites as well as sister ships Star Legend and Star Breeze.

The ships are registered in the Bahamas. Under this flag they are some of the few cruise ships in the world where passengers are still allowed on the bridge (though not when entering or leaving port). With a shallow draft of only 14 ft, the ships can enter ports that are inaccessible to larger cruise liners. In some cases, passengers need to take smaller boats into port (such as to Lipari) when the ship is at anchor.

Current fleet
=== Future fleet  ===

title: Windstar Cruises