text:
User talk:Ariya~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:03, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ariya. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ariya~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:07, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:37, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Ariya~enwiki


text:
User talk:PlatinumX

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:03, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

- Thanks for adding the nav box to all those element tables! --mav 06:44, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

- Welcome to WikiProject Automobiles! As you can see, I've already made some more changes to the suggested layout - let me know what you think! akaDruid 17:30, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)

PX, thanks for your small expansion of the Honda Civic Hybrid article. --Rj 05:01, Apr 6, 2004 (UTC)

Hi there! Just dropping a note to let you know I noticed the changes you've made to the car safety article, and I appreciate them! --Woggly 06:46, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I looked at your Leon Panetta article and made some minor spelling/rewording changes...You should prob add a photo to that article.. -- Aparajit 06:20, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I'd like to see some improvement in the carbon fibre article (difference btw. carbon fibre and cf reinforced plastics) and generally the area of composite materials (see links there). Noticing that you added a whole section to the carbon fiber article, I thought, maybe you can be of some help. --Iediteverything 16:18, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I'm trying to establish how you arrived at the date of May 31st, 1996 as the release date for the game Quake (refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quake&diff=3182922&oldid=3142173). To my knowledge the first Quake release was that of the demo on the 21st June 1996. Searching newsgroup history from the end of May to June 1996 also points to the 21st of June, with no mention of an official release prior to this date (id software released several beta versions to selected testers prior to release, perhaps this is where the confusion arises?). The datestamp on the last edited files in the official demo release is 21/06/1996. I really would like this matter cleared up as this date is now being propogated by others who all cite Wikipedia's Quake article as being their proof.

 * I don't recall which source I originally got that information from, but the sidebar at http://pc.ign.com/objects/003/003669.html shows 1996-05-31 as the release date. http://www.gamestats.com/objects/003/003669/ (also part of the IGN network) shows the same date.  http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/quake/review.html concours, although that article was released on June 22nd.  If the review wars were as fierce then as they are now, it would seem that an overnight article would be more probable than a 3 week wait.  It might be that the official planned relase date was the 31st, and like many games was actually released later, although I do not know why the article would not reflect that.  http://esports.ampednews.com/?page=articles&id=1157 supports your june 21st claim as the release of the shareware version.  I'm pretty sure my source was a game review site such as IGN or Gamespot, or a similar publication.  If you want more information, it might be best to contact one of these publications and get their input. Platinum X  19:40, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Metatheria or Marsupialia?
Hello, PlatinumX. Responding to your comment on Talk:Marsupial, I created a forum page to discuss how the class Mammalia should be broken up taxonomically: Placentalia-Marsupialia or Eutheria-Metatheria?. I would be pleased if you would cast your vote. Thanks--Ingoolemo 07:21, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Captions
Thanks for your work on Abraham Lincoln's captions. I went back and did something with the memorial caption as you suggested — I don't know if it's the best, but we're going the right direction, I think. Feel free to knock another article off the list! :-) -- ke4roh 19:02, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)

EasyTimeline
EasyTimeline is back now. Cheers, Erik Zachte 16:41, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Important WikiProject Automobiles Discussion
Hello! As a WikiProject Automobiles member, I just thought you might want to input your opinions on an important discussion we're currently having about whether articles regarding similar vehicles should be merged into one or split by brand. If you would like to comment or read further, please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Automobiles. Thank you in advance for your thoughts and feedback. Airline 23:49, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Expander vs. tap-off cycle?
Two questions:

1) could you look at the article on the J-2? I have added sections on the J-2S and X, which used what Rocketdyne called a "tap-off cycle". It sounds a lot like the expander cycle, but I can't be sure, because it also describes introducing oxydizer in what appears to be a sort of preburner, and also that it dumps the resulting exhaust overboard.

2) given that the various cycles have no overlap with non-rocket articles, is there any reason you put "... (rocket)" in the names?

Maury 13:58, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No more editing articles without sighting reasons as to why and begging permition from the edtiors. Did you ever see exners ears? 152.163.100.199

Exner
I'm glad to have been assistance on the Exner article, and I'm glad you've taken care of the issues. Thanks for keeping wikipedia fun instead of getting uppity! :-) -- Lekoman 03:59, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, as a previous contributor, pls check out my enquiry at Talk:Virgil Exner. Cheers, Bjenks (talk) 05:34, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Al Leong
Thanks for the good work on Al Leong! -- BBlackmoor (talk) 00:39, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Wikiproject Automobiles Notification
Hi PlatinumX, you were on the list of members at WikiProject Automobiles and we are introducing a new way of listing members, as the old list was becoming too long. Our new method involves having all of our members in a category.

To add yourself to the category just add the userbox to your user page by putting   where you want the userbox. Alternatively if you don't like the userbox you can add   to your userpage.

If you no longer wish to be a member of the project, simply don't add the userbox or category, there's no pressure. Thanks for your time, James086Talk 04:18, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

AfD Islamic socialism
You have edited the article Islamic socialism. This article is currently being considered for deletion under the wp:afd process. You may contribute to this discussion by commenting here. Thank you. Edivorce 01:17, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello PlatinumX! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:58, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Keiichi Tsuchiya -

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:PlatinumX


text:
User talk:Frice

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Frice


text:
User talk:Camstark

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Copyright problems
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Alpha Tau Omega, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! .:.Jareth.:. babelfish 15:49, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Alpha Tau Omega

The article Alpha Tau Omega has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * non notable

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Wuh Wuz  Dat  23:16, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Camstark


text:
User talk:Riviera~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
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 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Riviera. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Riviera~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:42, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Riviera~enwiki


text:
User talk:Freddymr

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freddymr


text:
User talk:Pz-engl

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:05, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikipedia, Pz-engl! I have been editing Wikipedia for quite some time. I just wanted to say hi and welcome you to Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on or by typing helpme at the bottom of this page. I love to help new users, so don't be afraid to leave a message! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Oh yeah, I almost forgot, when you post on talk pages you should sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); that should automatically produce your username and the date after your post. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on, or place helpme on your talk page and ask your question there. Again, welcome! Vicenarian (talk) 17:49, 20 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Introduction
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

A barnstar for you!

 * Thanks! <3 Dishype (talk) 21:13, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pz-engl


text:
User talk:Alan Chang

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:08, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hi :) Tip: Wikipedia standard practice is to have the article titles with as much lowercase as possible - so we prefer Happy number over Happy Number. You don't need to use the plural form for articles too since you can just use Unhappy numbers which will look like Unhappy numbers. Thanks Dysprosia 04:56, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hi, Pichu. Welcome to Wikipedia.

I noticed you added links to subroutine and variable in the Perl page; thanks for improving it. A tip for next time, though: usually only one link is needed per section for each topic (usually the first time a term comes up). I find that when there are too many links in a paragraph, it is more difficult to read. With this in mind, I removed all of the links to "subroutine" except the first one.

I hope to see some more good edits from you in the future. Keep up the good work. —Bkell 20:36, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of StackMat timer

A tag has been placed on StackMat timer, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. Dorsetonian (talk) 19:43, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of StackMat timer for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article StackMat timer is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/StackMat timer until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Dorsetonian (talk) 06:48, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alan Chang


text:
User talk:Flooda

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:08, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flooda


text:
User talk:Morpheuspictures

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:08, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Morpheuspictures


text:
User talk:Wdreamsmaycome

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:08, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wdreamsmaycome


text:
User talk:Sd-100

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:09, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Re: Canadian music charts
Thanks for your interest in the Canadian music charts. The current goal is to complete the outstanding RPM singles charts, mainly the 1960s and 1990s, plus some gaps in coverage for the on-line editions which will need some library research. Not sure what timetable I might have available for the other RPM charts, at least in the near future. Their general album charts seem like an ideal next priority. But there are other charts such as The Record which were also notable and could use some coverage in WP. Dl2000 (talk) 23:31, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree about The Record magazine and we should also include the Canadian Singles Chart (btw, there a list of the 1965 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number-one_hits_of_1965_%28Canada%29 which I doubt it's really the Canadian Singles chart, it could be the CHUM chart), btw what do you think if we could also post the Cash Box charts on Wikipedia? --Sd-100 (talk) 12:43, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I looked into this as well, and it does appear to be the CHUM Chart. Bearcat (talk) 16:43, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Just so you know, when you create a navbox template for things like the album lists, you don't have to copy and paste the entire template into each article. All you have to put at the bottom of the articles is the name of the template within curly brackets, like this:. Hope that helps a bit. Bearcat (talk) 16:38, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
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Cashbox
Unfortunately, something being "interesting" does not justify it being on Wikipedia. There is nothing to suggest that it is notable. Also, see WP:INDISCRIMINATE. Rwiggum (Talk /Contrib ) 22:01, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

I guess you have a point but since there a list of number-ones hits in the Hot 100 and other charts of Billboard magazine, maybe Cash Box should desserve it, There is another talk then I was part of it on the subject at Talk:List of number-one hits (United States)--Sd-100 (talk) 22:08, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, Billboard is the industry's source for music chart positions, and Cashbox is a fairly small-time publication, particularly in comparison to Billboard. Rwiggum  (Talk /Contrib ) 22:11, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The current incarnation of Cashbox is a small-time publication but as eo mentionned on the talk page of list of number-one hits, it was very notable until the 1980s. Maybe we should post a vote or a poll on the subject.--Sd-100 (talk) 22:16, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Billboard is the industry's source partly because it is all that remains and partly because it promotes itself as such. Wikipedia and other sources are falling into the trap of buying into that promotion by presenting it as the sole (or only notable) arbiter of the success of a recording in the U.S.  The Cashbox magazine of the rock era ('50s through '80s) was quite notable.  It was a national chart based at first solely on sales, and later partially on airplay, to judge the direct commercial popularity of a record with the public.  In excluding (and later minimizing) airplay statistics, it circumvented the erroneous weighting of radio programmers who would sometimes give false airplay reports or play songs because they had been paid by a record label or promoter (see Payola).  In this way, Cashbox could be considered a more accurate assessment of which singles were truly the most popular with the public, while Billboard could be considered less valid due to its incorporation of tainted airplay statistics which give a false perception about a song's success.

 * Even without Payola, Billboard's hype would have you believe that what is listed in its magazine is absolute fact. The fact is that it is a sampling system, not unlike political polls.  We know how widely some of those can vary.  This was particularly true in the pre-Soundscan era.  Each magazine chose certain radio stations that it felt were representative of the various markets throughout the country; they chose retail outlets of varying sizes in locations of varying population; Billboard had at one time used sheet music and jukebox play to determine the main singles chart.  At the end of the day, the best way to use a political poll is to average as many as you can take, because it gives you a bigger, broader sampling.  Clearly this was the value of Cashbox to industry types in print then, and it is its value to researchers and fans here at Wiki now.

 * Those differences in point systems did wind up causing variation between the two charts. Virtually every single that did exceptionally well in one magazine's chart did exceptionally well on the other's, and a glance at a given week's chart in both publications might find them to seem close enough as to be redundant.  Yet those singles which actually hit the enviable number-one spot often varied, and a glance at two lists which only show number-one singles (which is what we are discussing here) will show certain titles on one list that simply do not appear on the other.

 * Billboard itself acknowledges that its Hot 100 is not the end-all, be-all, insofar as it has taken to publishing literally dozens of singles charts each week (up from a total of 6 or 7 in the early '80s), and many of these are the subject of lists here at Wiki. This, too, is notable, insofar as it illustrates A) how the genres of music are splintering (yet often overlap), and B) how the music industry, in collusion with Billboard, will do anything to make it seem like their song is a hit somewhere with someone.  I say this because it was during the period in the '90s when fewer singles were being released and sales had plummeted (in part due to the industry's push away from vinyl and their decision to promote album sales at the expense of singles) that additional charts began to be added in Billboard.

 * Finally, from an encyclopedic standpoint, there were many occasions during the rock era when an artist would claim that a song of theirs had hit #1; while a review of the Billboard list for that year might not show the title, and convince an editor under the spell of Billboard's hype not to include or to remove such a claim, a review of the Cashbox list would support such a claim.

 * On a side note to Sd-100, you are presenting these charts as the Top 100 singles of (a given year) when in fact they are those songs which hit #1 on the "Top 100 Singles" chart in a given year. Of course, the Top 100 singles would be a list of 100 different singles; your lists are 52-position lists of each week's number one.  I've changed 1967 and 1969, and will likely get around to the others unless someone else does before me, but I wanted to give you a heads-up before you added further years' lists with the incorrect title.  Use the title I have given the '67 and '69 lists, or offer a suggestion of a better way to phrase the title on this page, which I will watch for a while.  Abrazame (talk) 08:05, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

WP:RECORD CHARTS
I'd like to invite you to join the newly-formed Record Charts WikiProject. There's alot of Record Charts-related articles on Wikipedia that could use a little attention, and I hope this project can help organize an effort to improve them. So please, take a look and if you like what you see, help us get this project off the ground and a few Record Chart pages into the front ranks of Wikipedia articles. Thanks! --Be Black Hole Sun (talk) 08:49, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Pixia
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Pixia, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Pixia

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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I've just tagged Pixia for maintenance for now, as Twinkle failed to create the AfD page. There appears to be a Japanese news article that mentions Pixia (, but I've yet to get a satisfactory translation to determine if it is "significant coverage". Let me know if you know of any other reliable source, thanks. Marasmusine (talk) 19:11, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Argentine Top 40
The Argentina Top 40 has no apparent relationship to CAPIF. It is an amateur chart that has been listed on WP:BADCHARTS for quite some time.—Kww(talk) 15:56, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Internet Movie Cars Database

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 * No notability asserted. Only sources are brief incidental coverage dating from the site's launch.

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 * Nah, I don't think a merge would work since they share nothing besides a couple founders. It'd be like merging one of Glen Bell's defunct pre-Taco Bell restaurants with the Taco Bell article. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 03:12, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Internet Movie Cars Database
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Missing Canadian number-ones
If you have hardcopy's of the Canadian RPM magazine from October 1988 to April 1989, can you please fill in peaks of various songs on all the charts chart. The number-ones have been filled in but not the peaks of other songs. They are missing from the online archives. Thanks. Canadaolympic989 (talk) 14:12, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, I don't have any hardcopy of the magazine RPM from Oct. 1988 to April 1989. I'm sorry for the inconvience.Sd-100 (talk) 14:23, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

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Pipe links
Please learn how to pipe links. This is why you get all those disambiguation notifications. For example, in List of number-one albums of 2012 (Canada), you added a link to Living Things, but that links to a disambiguation page instead of the Linkin Park album. To correctly link the album, it should look like this " Living Things "; by doing that, when you click on Living Things, it now takes you to the article for the album. All you have to do to check is to click on the links you add and see if it goes to the page you intended. It's really not that hard. Thanks. -- Star cheers peaks news lost wars Talk to me 17:19, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

Hi, in List of number-one albums of 2012 (Canada), the link you added for Cabin Fever directs to a disambiguation page. Be sure to add piped links so it points to the correct article, in this case, Cabin Fever (Corb Lund album). This seems to be a continual problem with you. Please do a better job in the future. Thanks. -- Star cheers peaks news lost wars Talk to me 06:05, 24 August 2012 (UTC)

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I fixed the link to go right to the country music band, sorry for the confusion.--Sd-100 (talk) 16:13, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

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text:
Charles Bulfinch

Charles Bulfinch (August 8, 1763 – April 15, 1844) was an early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first American-born professional architect to practice.

Life
Bulfinch split his career between his native Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C., where he served as Commissioner of Public Building and built the intermediate United States Capitol rotunda and dome. His works are notable for their simplicity, balance, and good taste, and as the origin of a distinctive Federal style of classical domes, columns, and ornament that dominated early 19th-century American architecture.

Early life
Bulfinch was born in Boston to Thomas Bulfinch, a prominent physician, and his wife, Susan Apthorp, daughter of Charles Apthorp. At the age of 12, he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from this home on the Boston side of the Charles River. Charles himself was married to Hannah Apthorp on 20 November 1788 in Boston.

He was educated at Boston Latin School and Harvard University, from which he graduated with an AB in 1781 and master's degree in 1784.

He then made a grand tour of Europe from 1785 to 1788, traveling to London, Paris, and the major cities of Italy. Bulfinch was greatly influenced by Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. He was also influenced by the classical architecture in Italy and the neoclassical buildings of Sir Christopher Wren, Robert Adam, William Chambers, and others in the United Kingdom. Thomas Jefferson became something of a mentor to him in Europe, as he would later be to Robert Mills.

Upon his return to the United States in 1787, he became a promoter of the ship Columbia Rediviva's voyage around the world under command of Captain Robert Gray (1755–1806). It was the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe. In 1788, he married Hannah Apthorp, his first cousin. Their sons include Thomas Bulfinch (1796–1867), author of Bulfinch's Mythology, and Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch (1809–1870), Unitarian clergyman and author.

Career
Bulfinch's first building was the Hollis Street Church (1788). Among his other early works are a memorial column on Beacon Hill (1789), the first monument to the American Revolution; the Federal Street theater (1793); the "Tontine Crescent" (built 1793–1794, now demolished), fashioned in part after John Wood's Royal Crescent; the Old State House in Hartford, Connecticut (1796); and the Massachusetts State House (1798). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1791.

Over the course of ten years, Bulfinch built a remarkable number of private dwellings in the Boston area, including Joseph Barrell's Pleasant Hill (1793), a series of three houses in Boston for Harrison Gray Otis (1796, 1800, 1806), and the John Phillips House (1804). He built several churches in Boston, of which New North (built 1802–1804) is the last standing.

Serving from 1791 to 1795 on Boston's board of selectmen, he resigned due to business pressures but returned in 1799. From 1799 to 1817, he was the chairman of Boston's board of selectmen continuously, and served as a paid police superintendent, improving the city's streets, drains, and lighting. Under his direction, both the infrastructure and civic center of Boston were transformed into a dignified, classical style. Bulfinch was responsible for the design of the Boston Common, the remodeling and enlargement of Faneuil Hall (1805), and the construction of India Wharf. In these Boston years, he also designed the Massachusetts State Prison (1803); Boylston Market (1810); University Hall for Harvard University (1813–1814); First Church of Christ, Unitarian in Lancaster, Massachusetts (1815–1817); and the Bulfinch Building, home of the Ether Dome at Massachusetts General Hospital (1818), its completion overseen by Alexander Parris, who was working in Bulfinch's office at the time the architect was summoned to Washington.

Despite this great activity and civic involvement, Bulfinch was insolvent several times starting in 1796, including at the start of his work on the statehouse, and was jailed for the month of July 1811 for debt (in a prison he had designed himself). There was no payment for his services as selectman, and he received only $1,400 for designing and overseeing the construction of the State House.

In the summer of 1817, Bulfinch's roles as selectman, designer, and public official coincided during a visit by President James Monroe. The two men were almost constantly in each other's company for the week-long visit, and a few months later (1818), Monroe appointed Bulfinch the successor to Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764–1820) as Architect of the Capitol in Washington, DC (the Capitol Building had been partially burned by the British in 1814.) In this position, he was paid a salary of $2,500 per year plus expenses.

He was also a founding member of The Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture (M.S.P.A.), one of the earliest agricultural societies in the United States. The Society was incorporated by an act of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on March 7, 1792.

As Commissioner of Public Building, Bulfinch completed the Capitol's wings and central portion, designed the western approach and portico, and constructed the Capitol's original low wooden dome to his own design (replaced by the present cast-iron dome completed in the mid-1860s). In 1829 Bulfinch completed the construction of the Capitol, 36 years after its cornerstone was laid. During his interval in Washington, Bulfinch also drew plans for the State House in Augusta, Maine (1829–1832), a Unitarian Church and prison in Washington, D.C.. In 1827, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary member. He returned to Boston in 1830, where he died on April 15, 1844, aged 80, and was buried in King's Chapel Burial Ground in Boston. His tomb was later moved to Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1943, a United States Liberty ship named the SS Charles Bulfinch was launched. The ship was scrapped in 1971.

Designs
Designs marked with an asterisk (*) have been attributed to Bulfinch, though are not confirmed to have been designed by the architect

 * Second meeting house of the Hollis Street Church (1788), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Meeting House (1789- 1792), Taunton, Massachusetts
 * Bulfinch Church (1790-1793), Pittsfield, Massachusetts
 * Beacon Hill Memorial (1791), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Joseph Coolidge House (1792), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Federal Street Theatre (1793), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Tontine Crescent (1793-95), Boston, Massachusetts
 * First Harrison Gray Otis House (1795–96), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Massachusetts State House (1795–1798), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Old Connecticut State House (1796), Hartford, Connecticut
 * Dedham Community House (1798), Dedham, Massachusetts
 * Second Harrison Gray Otis House (1800–1802), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Holy Cross Church (1800-1803), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Worcester County Courthouse (1801-1803) Worcester, Massachusetts
 * St. Stephen's Church (1802-1804), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Amory–Ticknor House (1804), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Nichols House (1804), Boston, Massachusetts
 * 51–57 Mount Vernon Street (1804), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House* (1804-1805), Boston, Massachusetts
 * 13-17 Chestnut Street (1804-1805), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Newburyport Superior Courthouse (1805), Newburyport, Massachusetts
 * Stoughton Hall, Harvard University (1805), Cambridge, Massachusetts
 * Third Harrison Gray Otis House (1806), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Faneuil Hall expansion (1806), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard* (1805-1806), Brooklyn, New York
 * Second steeple of Old North Church* (1806), Boston, Massachusetts
 * India Wharf (1807), Boston, Massachusetts
 * 87 Mount Vernon Street (1807), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Third meeting house of the Federal Street Church (1809), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Massachusetts Bank (1809) Boston, Massachusetts
 * Boylston Market (1810), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Suffolk County Courthouse (1810), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Essex Bank (1811), Salem, Massachusetts
 * University Hall, Harvard University (1813–1815), Cambridge, Massachusetts
 * New South Church (1814), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Manufacturers & Mechanics Bank (1814-1815), Boston, Massachusetts
 * Middlesex County Courthouse (1814-1816), Cambridge, Massachusetts
 * First Church of Christ, Unitarian (1816), Lancaster, Massachusetts
 * Salem Town Hall (1816–17), Salem, Massachusetts
 * Chapel and library, Andover Theological Seminary (1817-1818), Andover, Massachusetts
 * Massachusetts General Hospital, Bulfinch Building (1818-1823), Boston, Massachusetts
 * United States Capitol alterations (1822-1823), Washington, D.C.
 * First Unitarian Church (1821-1822), Washington, D.C
 * The George Washington University, Columbian College (1821-1822), original building, Washington, D.C.
 * U.S. Capitol Gatehouses and Gateposts (1827), Washington, D.C.
 * Maine State House (1832), Augusta, Maine

title: Charles Bulfinch


text:
Ponderosa

Ponderosa may refer to:

Places

 * Ponderosa, California, a census-designated place in Tulare County, California, United States
 * Ponderosa, New Mexico, a census-designated place in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States
 * Village of Ponderosa, a New Urbanism-inspired community in West Des Moines, Iowa, United States

Entertainment

 * Fictional family of drug aficionados, punks, and cats, on the show It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia
 * Ponderosa (TV series), a 2001–2002 television series that was the prequel to Bonanza
 * Ponderosa, fictional ranch bordering the northeast side of Lake Tahoe in the American television series Bonanza
 * Ponderosa, a title used for reruns of the American television series Bonanza during the summer of 1972
 * Ponderosa, an American Southern rock band
 * Ponderosa, a track on the album Maxinquaye by Tricky

Schools

 * Ponderosa Elementary School (South San Francisco), an elementary school located in South San Francisco, California, United States
 * Ponderosa High School (California), a member of the El Dorado Union High School District in Shingle Springs, California, United States
 * Ponderosa High School (Colorado), a public high school in Parker, Colorado, United States

Plants

 * Ponderosa pine, a widespread and variable pine native to western North America

Other

 * Ponderosa (Sheffield), an open space / recreation area in Sheffield, England
 * Ponderosa (typeface), Adobe's version of French Clarendon XXX Condensed
 * Ponderosa lemon (limon × medica), a citrus species thought to be a hybrid of a lemon and a citron
 * Ponderosa Lodge, an historic lodge in Black Forest, Colorado
 * Ponderosa Park (disambiguation)
 * Ponderosa Ranch, a real-life amusement park which was located on the set of the fictitious setting of the television series Bonanza
 * Ponderosa Ranch Airport, a private airport located 7 miles south of Seneca in Grant County, Oregon, United States
 * Ponderosa Steakhouse, a restaurant chain that primarily serves steaks
 * Ponderosa Stomp, an annual American roots music festival dedicated to recognizing the architects of rock-n-roll, blues, jazz, country, swamp pop and soul music
 * Ponderosa Sun Club, a nudist resort in Roselawn, Indiana, United States

title: Ponderosa


text:
Simply connected space

In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected ) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question. Intuitively, this corresponds to a space that has no disjoint parts and no holes that go completely through it, because two paths going around different sides of such a hole cannot be continuously transformed into each other. The fundamental group of a topological space is an indicator of the failure for the space to be simply connected: a path-connected topological space is simply connected if and only if its fundamental group is trivial.

Definition and equivalent formulations
A topological space $$X$$ is called if it is path-connected and any loop in $$X$$ defined by $$f : S^1 \to X$$ can be contracted to a point: there exists a continuous map $$F : D^2 \to X$$ such that $$F$$ restricted to $$S^1$$ is $$f.$$ Here, $$S^1$$ and $$D^2$$ denotes the unit circle and closed unit disk in the Euclidean plane respectively.

An equivalent formulation is this: $$X$$ is simply connected if and only if it is path-connected, and whenever $$p : [0, 1] \to X$$ and $$q : [0, 1] \to X$$ are two paths (that is, continuous maps) with the same start and endpoint ($$p(0) = q(0)$$ and $$p(1) = q(1)$$), then $$p$$ can be continuously deformed into $$q$$ while keeping both endpoints fixed. Explicitly, there exists a homotopy $$F : [0,1] \times [0,1] \to X$$ such that $$F(x,0) = p(x)$$ and $$F(x,1) = q(x).$$

A topological space $$X$$ is simply connected if and only if $$X$$ is path-connected and the fundamental group of $$X$$ at each point is trivial, i.e. consists only of the identity element. Similarly, $$X$$ is simply connected if and only if for all points $$x, y \in X,$$ the set of morphisms $$\operatorname{Hom}_{\Pi(X)}(x,y)$$ in the fundamental groupoid of $$X$$ has only one element.

In complex analysis: an open subset $$X \subseteq \Complex$$ is simply connected if and only if both $$X$$ and its complement in the Riemann sphere are connected. The set of complex numbers with imaginary part strictly greater than zero and less than one furnishes an example of an unbounded, connected, open subset of the plane whose complement is not connected. It is nevertheless simply connected. A relaxation of the requirement that $$X$$ be connected leads to an exploration of open subsets of the plane with connected extended complement. For example, a (not necessarily connected) open set has a connected extended complement exactly when each of its connected components is simply connected.

Informal discussion
Informally, an object in our space is simply connected if it consists of one piece and does not have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughnut nor a coffee cup (with a handle) is simply connected, but a hollow rubber ball is simply connected. In two dimensions, a circle is not simply connected, but a disk and a line are. Spaces that are connected but not simply connected are called non-simply connected or multiply connected.

The definition rules out only handle-shaped holes. A sphere (or, equivalently, a rubber ball with a hollow center) is simply connected, because any loop on the surface of a sphere can contract to a point even though it has a "hole" in the hollow center. The stronger condition, that the object has no holes of dimension, is called contractibility.

Examples

 * The Euclidean plane $$\R^2$$ is simply connected, but $$\R^2$$ minus the origin $$(0, 0)$$ is not. If $$n > 2,$$ then both $$\R^n$$ and $$\R^n$$ minus the origin are simply connected.
 * Analogously: the n-dimensional sphere $$S^n$$ is simply connected if and only if $$n \geq 2.$$
 * Every convex subset of $$\R^n$$ is simply connected.
 * A torus, the (elliptic) cylinder, the Möbius strip, the projective plane and the Klein bottle are not simply connected.
 * Every topological vector space is simply connected; this includes Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces.
 * For $$n \geq 2,$$ the special orthogonal group $$\operatorname{SO}(n, \R)$$ is not simply connected and the special unitary group $$\operatorname{SU}(n)$$ is simply connected.
 * The one-point compactification of $$\R$$ is not simply connected (even though $$\R$$ is simply connected).
 * The long line $$L$$ is simply connected, but its compactification, the extended long line $$L^*$$ is not (since it is not even path connected).

Properties
A surface (two-dimensional topological manifold) is simply connected if and only if it is connected and its genus (the number of of the surface) is 0.

A universal cover of any (suitable) space $$X$$ is a simply connected space which maps to $$X$$ via a covering map.

If $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are homotopy equivalent and $$X$$ is simply connected, then so is $$Y.$$

The image of a simply connected set under a continuous function need not be simply connected. Take for example the complex plane under the exponential map: the image is $$\Complex \setminus \{ 0 \},$$ which is not simply connected.

The notion of simple connectedness is important in complex analysis because of the following facts:
 * The Cauchy's integral theorem states that if $$U$$ is a simply connected open subset of the complex plane $$\Complex,$$ and $$f : U \to \Complex$$ is a holomorphic function, then $$f$$ has an antiderivative $$F$$ on $$U,$$ and the value of every line integral in $$U$$ with integrand $$f$$ depends only on the end points $$u$$ and $$v$$ of the path, and can be computed as $$F(v) - F(u).$$ The integral thus does not depend on the particular path connecting $$u$$ and $$v,$$
 * The Riemann mapping theorem states that any non-empty open simply connected subset of $$\Complex$$ (except for $$\Complex$$ itself) is conformally equivalent to the unit disk.

The notion of simple connectedness is also a crucial condition in the Poincaré conjecture.

title: Simply connected space


text:
Talk:Simply connected space

Mathworld bug
The article said:
 * A subset X of Euclidean 2-space R2 is simply connected if and only if both X and R2 - X are connected.

I tried to correct this yesterday by changing "subset" to "bounded subset" and "connected" to "path-connected", but it's still wrong. It is possible to construct a bounded simply connected subset of the plane with disconnected complement. --Zundark, 2002 Feb 19

Thanks for finding the bug. I mindlessly copied it from Mathworld. Maybe we need X to be open? AxelBoldt

Never trust Mathworld. I think

 * A bounded open subset X of Euclidean 2-space R2 is simply connected if and only if both X and R2 - X are connected.

may be correct, but we need to check it before adding it to the article. --Zundark, 2002 Feb 19

SU(N) is not simply connected?
There was the statement in the article (before I deleted it) that SU(N) is simply connected. But in general it is not! Since for some N it has nontrivial fundamental group. The only case is N=2 (when it is 3-sphere). Am I right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.124.167.14 (talk) 13:37, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

 * No. A 3-sphere is certainly simply connected, although that is not to say that its other homotopy groups are non-trivial (for example, the third homotopy group of this space is isomorphic to the additive group of the integers). I should also point out that formally, SU(2) is not the 3-sphere (as a subspace of $$R^8$$) but rather diffeomorphic to it. But as far as simple connectedness goes, this is irrelevant. The reason for making this point is that SU(2) has applications in other branches of mathematics - not solely topology. -- PS T  11:53, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok, thanks for the answer. It is realy the fact that $$\pi_3(SU(N))$$ is isomorphic to Z - additive group of the integers (for N equal to or greater than 2). But where can I find the elementary proof of the SU(N) simple connectedness (i.e. $$\pi_1(SU(N))$$ triviality)? The matter for my hesitations is the reminiscence for $$\pi_1(U(N))$$ to be isomorphic to Z.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.46.33.25 (talk) 16:35, 2 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I do not know it to be too hard to prove it yourself - at least if you have an intuitive understanding of SU(N). If you want the proof, and similar properties about these matrix groups, any good textbook on differential geometry will do (or differential topology). By good textbook, I mean a graduate level book (such as a book in the series "Graduate texts in mathematics" or one that has a thorough treatment of algebraic topology also). -- PS T  01:33, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Assuming n ≥ 2, SU(n) is a fibre bundle over the sphere S2n-1, with fibre = SU(n-1). This implies there is an exact sequence of homotopy groups:

 * (*)       π1(SU(n-1)) → π1(SU(n)) → π1(S2n-1)) = {1}

 * . Since the last group is the trivial group, it follows from exactness that the first map π1(SU(n-1)) → π1(SU(n)) must be onto. But since we know that for n=2, SU(2) = S3 is indeed simply-connected, (*) implies that the map {1} = π1(SU(2)) → π1(SU(3))  is onto, and hence π1(SU(3)) = {1}, too.  Continuing this way, we see that  (*) tells us that π1(SU(n-1))  = {1} always implies π1(SU(n)) = {1} (for n ≥ 3), and hence SU(n) is simply-connected for all n ≥ 2.

 * On the other hand, SU(1) is the trivial group {1} which is simply connected as well.Daqu (talk) 18:30, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

a hollow ball is?
I smell inconsistency: a hollow ball (in 3D) can't be simply connected any more than a circle (in 2D). Whether or not they have a hole depends on your definition of hole.

 * Yes, it depends on your definition of a hole, which is why we give a formal of definition of simply connected which is unambiguous. A hollow ball (a sphere) is simply connected - it's intuitively obvious that a circle on a sphere can be contracted to a point. --Zundark 15:52 Nov 28, 2002 (UTC)

(I'm here to look up these concepts because the descriptions are infinitely better than those in the books of our math library's geometry/topology section, but there seems to be an imperfection here.)

The definition given is over my head: why involve the circle? If "simply connected" is meant to express the notion "completely filled up", isn't it better to define it as a connected subspace of which the complement's interior is also connected, or something like that?

 * Your definition does not give an intrinsic property of the space, it gives a property of the embedding of the space in some larger space. The idea of "simply connected" is that there is a path from every point to every other point (this is path-connectedness) and that there is essentially only one such path (thus "simply" connected), in the sense that any two paths from A to B can be deformed into one another. --Zundark 15:52 Nov 28, 2002 (UTC)

Zundark, if you're right about the 3-sphere, then the bit on the Poincaré Conjecture at Clay Mathematics Institute needs to be corrected. It says, "In topology, a sphere with a two-dimensional surface is essentially characterized by the fact it is simply connected. The Poincaré conjecture is that this is also true for spheres with three-dimensional surfaces. The question has been solved for all dimensions above three. Solving it for three is central to the problem of classifying 3-manifolds." I don't know enough about the topic to correct it. -FM (FunnyMan3595 22:20, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC))

The point here is not that we don't know the fundamental group of the 3-sphere (we certainly do). It is the characterisation of the 3-sphere by topological invariants - which goes the other way.

Charles Matthews 22:23, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

(Charles beat me to it, but I'll post my reply anyway, as I've typed it out.) What the Clay Mathematics Institute says is correct. It's easy to prove that the 3-sphere is a simply connected compact 3-manifold without boundary, but the Poincaré Conjecture says that these properties characterize the 3-sphere - that is, any space with all these properties is (homeomorphic to) a 3-sphere. --Zundark 22:31, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Ahh, you answered the question I was about to ask while I was typing it. Someone should probably (and I hope I'm right on this) put up a page at characterize/characterization explaining the term, it would have helped my confusion. Every time Charles opens his mouth I feel like a babbling idiot... guess now I know how the non-math majors feel when I open mine. :) -FM (FunnyMan3595 22:40, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC))

multiply connected???
"Multiply Connected" seemed to be in general use up until about 1980: the term is definitely used but definitely "old fashioned" RodVance (talk) 02:36, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

Is this term really in use? it is usually not simply conneced At least it should say "rearly", but it is safe to remove it.

Tosha 18:40, 8 May 2004 (UTC)

I knew the term - perhaps it is just old-fashioned.

Charles Matthews 08:20, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Probably old-fashioned. I've seen the term in some old books. BTW it would be nice if the article explained the rationale or etymology behind the term "simply connected". My guess is that the connection between any two points is "simple" since the connecting path is unique up to homotopy, and in "multiply" connected spaces there exists several essentially different paths. Can anyone confirm this?Punainen Nörtti 13:37, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that's right. The article already says this at the end of the second paragraph in the Formal definition and equivalent formulations section. --Zundark 15:04, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

The explanation in the introduction is confusing
I don't like the explanation of simple connectedness given in the introduction. It attempts to explain the concept without being formal, but is imprecise, long and confusing.
 * Why give an explanation of connected space at all? It doesn't belong here. What's more, it is not rigourous. Imagine the object {M \in R^3, d(O,M) <= 1 and d(O,M) \ne 0.5}, a ball with a sphere missing inside. The inside ball can't move. It is true it can still spin, but this could be prevented easily by changing a little the shape of the object.
 * The illustration with a string is too long and imprecise. It could be misleading, because people will think they can only insert the string at the boundary of the object (imagine a 3D object in 3D space). "Feeding some extra string" is also imprecise.

I think we should give a more mathematical definition in the introduction to begin with. To aid non mathematically inclined people, we could give a few diagrams of simply connected and non-simply connected spaces, and show how a path can be deformed in an example. --Bernard Helmstetter 16:16, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't understand that section either. It seems to me that it tries to examine whether the complement of the space is simply connected. But again, my English is not perfect. \Mike(z)  17:33, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

No link with the previous discussion: is the Mandelbrot space simply connected? It would be a nice example in the appropriate section. --Bernard Helmstetter 16:16, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

New intro
I just rewrote the intro (had been "insert a string in the object", now is "imagine object as aquarium with diver, magic loop of string"). I hope it's better. I'm not quite sure how to convey the idea that the string will never get hung up on obstacles (for example, think of a 3D donut glued to a flat piece of plywood; the union is simply connected), without making too big a deal of it and making the reader wonder, "So when are obstacles important?"

I removed the "Naming" section, which had been
 * In topology, a connection is often referred to as a handle. This is probably a reference to the way that a (singly-connected) beaker can be topologically turned into a (doubly-connected) teacup by the addition of a handle.
 * In theoretical physics, an additional connection is known as a wormhole.

The article never defines connection, although I assume a connection is something like an equivalence class of paths between two fixed points that can deform into each other. Except I'm fairly certain that a "wormhole" is really another name for a handle-shaped hole, and not for the connection itself. A wormhole would be a connection in the complementary space, right? Anyway, the section seems unnecessary and doesn't make sense as written, so, I commented it out. --Quuxplusone 23:13, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

What about spaces that aren't path-connected?
The introduction seems to include those, while in the example section, they seem to be excluded, ipso facto.

So, what's the deal? Are both definitions in use? Should we say that the term is usually reserved for CW complexes, or complex domains?

RandomP 16:42, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Path-connectedness is always required for simply connected spaces, and this is how the article defines the term. (The introduction isn't meant to be rigorous, but feel free to change it if you think it's unclear or misleading.) The term isn't usually reserved for CW complexes, or complex domains. --Zundark 18:49, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hrm. The introduction isn't just not rigorous, it's incorrect, then.  I don't think that's acceptable, even in this case (my impression is that non-path-connected connected spaces are thought of as less of a pathology nowadays than they used to be).

 * RandomP 19:53, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

I think the assumption that the space is path-connected should be removed. A space is simply-connected if any closed curve in it is null-homotopic. Thus for instance a union of two disjoint closed discs in the plane is simply-connected, but not connected. Standard literature, especially on Lie groups, makes this distinction, often talking about a "connected, simply-connected" Lie group.

user:AMAN I think even if we remove the " path connected" constrain from the definition, then also the way rest of the definition goes itself will imply that it is path connected. So if simply connected region itself will be path connected. A union of two disjoint discs also cant be simply connected as by definition " if every simple closed curve in D encloses only points that are in D, it is simply connected". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.78.172.162 (talk) 12:33, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

Connected space
Shouldn't Connected space be mentioned at least once in this article? --Abdull 15:08, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

R² not, but R³
It is not obvious to me why R² minus (0,0) is not simply connected, but R³ minus (0,0,0) is. Maybe someone can prove it? --Abdull 11:04, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The easiest proof proceeds via showing that the first is homotopy equivalent to the circle, while the second is homotopy equivalent to the 2-sphere; this implies that the fundamental group of the first is infinite, while the fundamental group of the second is trivial.  A path-connected space is simply connected iff its fundamental group is trivial.

 * Intuitively: if you have a loop in either space, you can "shrink" it so that it will actually be on the unit sphere of the respective vector space - it's clear where to map each point, since there is exactly one ray through every point, and every ray intersects the sphere in exactly one point.  It's furthermore easy to see that every loop in the sphere arises in such a manner.  The difficult bit is showing that the two-sphere is simply connected, since you need to show that you can deform every loop on it not to be surjective (see Peano curve for why this is necessary);  thankfully, such a proof succeeds, and the result stands.

 * Hope this helps!

 * RandomP 11:34, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Is a cylinder simply connected?
I think it is. If so, it ought to be listed as such in the "Examples" section of this article.

I answered my own question. The answer is no, as there are definitely two different paths along a cylinder between any two points on that cylinder that can't be deformed into each other. Kevin Lamoreau 02:23, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

The cylinder is homeomorphic to S1 X R so can't be simply connected (it is a simple result that the fundamental group of X X Y (where X and Y are topological spaces), is isomorphic to the direct product of the fundamental group of X with that of Y). The circle is not simply connected (well known); its fundamental group is the integers.

Topology Expert (talk) 06:57, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

introduction
While the introduction is not incorrect, the standard definition of simply-connected space is given in terms of contractibility of loops in a pointed space (rather than paths between two points). Thus a space is simply connected if all loops (passing through a fixed point in the space) can be continuously deformed and contracted to a point. More formally, the first homotopy group of the space is trivial. - Subh83 (talk | contribs) 17:50, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Lie Theory
The statement "In Lie theory, simple connectedness is prerequisite for working of important Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula." is made. This is either misleading or vacuous: the Campbell Baker Hausdorff formula is defined for small enough neighbourhoods of the identity (small enough that the matrix log series coverges in the adjoint representation of the group and a few other requirements), and the neighbourhoods one talks about are "automatically" simply connected by dint of the fundamental local homeomorphism of a Lie group with open neighbourhoods of the origin ℝ^N that the group gets through its charts. I mean, one could use open, non-simply connected neighbourhoods if one really wanted to as long as they were small enough in the sense above, and of course one can always carve out a simply connected open neighbourhood of the origin from the non-simply connected one and restrict discussion to the latter neighbourhood. This is what I mean by "the statement is vacuous": it is not needed to prove the CBH formula. What the comment's poster might be thinking of is that simple connectedness is prerequisite for the lifting of a homomorphism between two Lie groups' Lie algebras to a homomorphism between the Lie groups themselves: the preimage of the homomorphism must be a simply connected Lie group: see chapter 9 of Stillwell, "Naive Lie Theory" for a readable explanation. --RodVance (talk) 02:49, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I deleted the line. Sean Eberhard (talk) 12:55, 14 April 2015 (UTC)

Gives a characterisation of simply connected subsets of $$\mathbb C$$ and then contradicts it
The following sentences are contradictory:

> In complex analysis: an open subset $$X\subseteq\mathbb{C}$$ is simply connected if and only if both X and its complement in the Riemann sphere are connected. The set of complex numbers with imaginary part strictly greater than zero and less than one, furnishes a nice example of an unbounded, connected, open subset of the plane whose complement is not connected.

-- Svennik (talk) 13:03, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Actually, I see now that the example given is simply connected in the Riemann Sphere (it does not include the point at $$\infty$$). Pictured on a sphere, the "width" of the band approaches zero as the band approaches the point at infinity. As a result, the complement is (just about) connected. --Svennik (talk) 13:10, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

as a layperson, this article is unreadable
Most importantly, what does "path" mean?

How come a path can't change what its endpoints are but also the definition is something about shrinking a circle down to a point? nhinchey (talk) 00:33, 28 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I have added a missing link to Path (topology) in the lead section and another missing link to Loop (topology). This doesn't really help much with the general level of this article, I'm afraid. The article isn't really helping by using different definitions in the lead section and in the first paragraph of . However, that section does mention the definition using homotopic paths given in the lead section as an equivalent definition. The article used to be more approachable, I think. See for example . – Tea2min (talk) 06:56, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

image ambiguity, especially in search results
The image at the forefront of this article probably shouldn't be a counterexample, even if it almost certainly has a place elsewhere in the article. Not only does this lead to a visual conflict and possible confusion while reading, but it also causes problems when this page shows up in search results, as is often the case when someone looks for information on this topic. The problem is exemplified by this google search result as the image shows up by itself, sans clarifying caption, with the erroneous title of "simply connected space," which it explicitly is not. I have given similar feedback to google on this issue of the image being an incorrect search result, but it seems like the problem is mostly on this end. The article should probably be mostly about what the subject is and only parenthetically what it isn't. ZephyrCubic (talk) 18:56, 29 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simply connected space