text:
User talk:Bovlb

Wikidata weekly summary #608
Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.

A big thank you to everyone who contributed to the newsletter this year!👏🙏 As we step into 2024, we'd love to hear what changes you would like to see in the newsletter. Share your wishlist here: What changes would you like to see in the newsletter in 2024?"
 *  Welcome to 2023’s Final Weekly Summary!

 *  Discussions
 * Open request for adminship: EPIC (RfP scheduled to end after 26 December 2023 20:34 UTC)
 * New requests for permissions/Bot: Balyozbot. Tasks:
 * 1) Import sitelinks, labels, descriptions from ku wikipedia pages which use the template w:ku:Template:Înterwîkî etîket û danasîn. (There are over 1800 articles that use this template waiting to be connected to Wikidata at the moment.)
 * 2) Add sitelinks to kuwiktionary / kuwikipedia categories / create an item for the category if necessary. I have been doing this manually for quite some time using Quickstatements but since I need to get permission for the first task, I will be handling them using a bot as well.

 *  Events
 * Upcoming: Introducing WMF Wishathon for Wikimedia’s Community Wishlist! "focused on bringing together people who already contribute to technical aspects of the Wikimedia projects, who know how to find their way on the technical ecosystem, and who are able to work or collaborate on projects rather autonomously." March 15th to 17th, 2024.
 * Ongoing: Weekly Lexeme Challenge #122: Rock-forming minerals

 *  Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Blogs
 * African Librarians empowered to share knowledge and enhance information visibility through AfLIA Wikidata Online Course --> The "Promoting Open Knowledge Practices in African Libraries through Wikidata" project, executed by AfLIA with support from the Wikimedia Foundation, trained African librarians on using Wikidata to enhance the visibility of library collections and close the knowledge and gender gap on Africa. The course was facilitated by experienced African Wikimedian editors and included diverse strategies for learner engagement and support.
 * Papers: Increasing Coverage and Precision of Textual Information in Multilingual Knowledge Graphs by (Conia et al, 2023) --> This paper introduces a novel task of automatic Knowledge Graph Enhancement (KGE) to bridge the gap in the quantity and quality of textual information between English and non-English languages in Wikidata. It presents M-NTA, an unsupervised approach that combines Machine Translation, Web Search, and Large Language Models to generate high-quality textual information, and studies its impact on Entity Linking, Knowledge Graph Completion, and Question Answering tasks.
 * Videos
 * Wikidata, Wikisource and Wiktionary: Wikisource for DH (WiSe 2023) --> The lecture "Fundamentals and application-oriented methods of the Digital Humanities" by Kay-Michael Würzner is designed as a series of lectures in which teachers in the "Digital Humanities" course present their fields of work and key topics and present them for discussion.
 * Empowering Open-Source Generative AI by Integrating the Wikidata knowledge graph --> Generative AI has changed the information ecosystem, and open-source knowledge graphs like Wikidata can become invaluable assets, propelling a myriad of applications forward. Jonathan Fraine & Lydia Pintscher present the practical integration of Wikidata's open-source, open-access knowledge graph to empower Generative AI applications. Harnessing the real-time updated, structured data encapsulated within Wikidata, they explore automated content creation, data augmentation, and semantic analysis, underpinning the generative paradigms. Through a blend of theoretical insights and real-world applications, they elucidate how to leverage Wikidata to elevate generative AI applications, breaking down existing data silos, and fostering a collaborative ecosystem within our global community of developers and contributors.
 * Wiki Indaba 2023 - African content on Wikidata --> Discussion with Alice Kibombo, Georges Fodouop and Jesse Asiedu-Akrofi, about Wikidata for African Librarians during the Wiki Indaba conference, that took place between 3-5 November 2023 in Agadir, Morocco.
 * No Time to Wait - S07E10 - ACMI // Wikidata - Paul Duchesne + Simon Loffler --> Report on recent residency program to extensively link together collection data from ACMI with Wikidata. This work has allowed the organisation to import vast quantities of data and media to enrich their own internet collection experience, as well enable writing information back to source and federating with other linked institutions.
 * Wiki(s)data #5: Wikidata Live editing (in Italian) --> The ontology of Wikidata: how to interact with it for a better quality, by Epìdosis
 * Notebooks
 * Map of K-Pop Idols --> An interactive map where each red dot represents a K-pop Idol (a singer or musician in South Korean Pop music) you are able to click on.
 * Disney as the Mega Corporation it is Today --> Disney has greatly evolved from the simple animation company that first debuted in 1923 with its signature Steamboat Willie animation. This analysis details some of the major acquisitions Disney has chosen to help expand its reach as a media and entertainment company.
 * The Gender-Equality Gap in STEM Awards --> A network graph and multiple data visualizations on UCLA's alumnni awards based on gender.
 * Exploring The Belichick Coaching Tree --> This analyses details the coaching tree of the prolific American Football coach Bill Belichick.
 * State of statues in the US --> Map of how many statues there are, who is depicted in the statues, their genders, and where the statues are concentrated.
 * An Analysis on Nepo Babies: Net Worths and Fame --> This work uses Wikidata to analyze the influence and success of children of famous actors (nepo babies) in the entertainment industry, and compares the careers and net worth of these children with their parents to understand the impact of nepotism on their success.

 *  Tool of the week
 * Cersei - is a tool designed for importing or scraping data from various third-party sources, using source-specific Python code. It can use a "headless browser" to scrape complicated websites that rely on eg JavaScript to navigate. It can therefore access data sources that can not be accessed via eg Mix'n'match. The data from sources can be updated regularly, either for everything, or just changed entries (if the source has a "recent changes" equivalent).
 * Wikidata:Zotero/Cita - is a Wikidata addon for Zotero that adds citations (i.e., what other items an item cites) metadata support to this open source reference management software, using cites work (P2860) information available from Wikidata, and enabling users to easily contribute missing data.

 *  Other Noteworthy Stuff =
 * Job opening: Data Scientist / Knowledge Engineer to use Wikidata as a foundational layer for an US National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Prototype Open Knowledge Network.

 *  Did you know?

 * Newest properties:
 * General datatypes: none
 * External identifiers: WHDLoad database ID, Shanghai Library movie ID, PCSX2 Wiki ID, KRS number, Twitch numeric channel ID, RPCS3 Wiki ID, Black Games Archive ID, Citra compatibility database ID, DraCor ID, ORBi article ID, IGN wiki article ID, AreWeAntiCheatYet ID, RPGFan game ID, Arcade Hub ID

 * New property proposals to review:
 * General datatypes:
 * Laws of Malaysia URL ( Uniform Resource Locator for laws of Malaysia )
 * production manager ( manager that is responsible for the administration of a feature film or television production; oversees production plans, controls resources, initiates production, ensures ongoing operations, monitors schedules and expenditures, and creates a detailed production schedule and budget )
 * External identifiers: Schnittberichte.com ID, National Library of Malaysia OPAC ID, HistoriaGames series ID, Kemono Games game ID, Internet Game Database event ID, GamesMeter ID, Walk Score ID, Malaysia company new number, Am Faclair Beag ID, xemu compatibility database ID, Sofascore player ID, GameGear.jp ID, RPGWatch IDs, Team England ID, TORCH taxon ID, ScummVM ID, Abandonware France IDs

 * Query examples:
 * Distribution of the different tram gauges in Germany (source)
 * Scale of stampedes reported on Wikidata (source)
 * Timeline of the Christmas movies (source)
 * Christmas traditions around the world (with pictures) (source)
 * Newest WikiProjects: WikiProject Städel Museum Wikidata Clean-Up - This WikiProject from the Städel Museum aims to actively participate in the Wikimedia community by maintaining and updating the quality of its data. This includes their collection of public domain art, which has been digitized and made freely available for public use. The project focuses on ensuring that the most current and high-quality data, including high-resolution images and improved metadata, are available on platforms like Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata.
 * Newest database reports: children of dead mothers - List of mother-children pairs, where death date of parent < birth date of child
 * Showcase Items: Esperanto (Q143) - international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof
 * Showcase Lexemes: L1222568 (বড়দিন) - Bengali noun for 'Christmas'

 *  Development
 * Due to the winter holidays, the development team is taking a break and no deployment is happening for Wikidata at the moment.

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

Read the full report · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)
 *  Monthly Tasks
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Comment on property proposals: all open proposals
 * Contribute to a Showcase item.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Wikidata weekly summary #609
Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.

 *  Discussions
 * Open request for adminship: WikiBayer (RfP scheduled to end after 8 January 2024 12:01 UTC)
 * Closed request for adminship: EPIC (closed as successful). Welcome onboard \o/
 * New requests for permissions/Bot: HVSH-Bot . Task: Import data about politicians from the Q119949776, now only partially online available.

 *  Events
 * Upcoming: The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 17:00 UTC, 17th January 2023 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
 * Ongoing: Weekly Lexeme Challenge #123: Ologist

 *  Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Papers: Improving maintenance of community-based knowledge graphs. This paper by Nicolas Ferranti addresses the critical issue of data quality in open knowledge graphs, with a specific focus on Wikidata. It aims to formalize Wikidata's unique approaches to assess and resolve data inconsistencies, proposing a semi-automatic refinement pipeline to empower the Wikidata user community in maintaining and enhancing the reliability of this extensive collaborative knowledge graph.
 * Videos: WikidataCon 2023 Day 1.5 - The past and future of Wikidata. In this video Lydia Pintscher takes a moment to review the major events of Wikidata over the past few years. Then turns to look forward and predict what Wikidata's prospects will be over the next year.

 *  Tool of the week
 * WICA: Wikidata's insights for created articles is an updated version of an old tool. It now includes many new features to analyse your list of created articles using Wikidata properties.

 *  Did you know?

 * Newest properties:
 * General datatypes: none
 * External identifiers: Shamela book edition ID, HistoriaGames series ID, Schnittberichte.com title ID, Kemono Games game ID, Internet Game Database event ID, Xemu compatibility database ID, GamesMeter game ID, GameGear.jp ID, Walmart product ID, Swissubase person ID, RPGWatch game ID, RPGWatch company ID, RPGWatch press ID, Indie DB company ID, NIWA article ID, turismoroma.it place ID, ScummVM ID, ORBi author ID, Abandonware-France video game series ID, Abandonware-France video game compilation ID, Abandonware-France person ID, Abandonware-France company ID, Abandonware-France magazine ID, Abandonware-France award ID, Kanjipedia word ID, Moviefone movie ID, South African NPO number, Nigerian registered company ID, Abandonware-France video game ID, AFJV directory ID

 * New property proposals to review:
 * General datatypes:
 * Nonprofit Status ( Indicating the legal and tax status of a non-profit organization (specific to served legal areas, aka. Countries). Addition to . to nonprofitStatus from schema.org. Organizations can have multiple Nonprofit Status from different countries. )
 * International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations ( for  created by the  and adapted by the . )
 * creative director ( person who makes high-level creative decisions, oversees the creation of creative assets such as adverts, products, events or logos and guides and directs the creative people who create the end result )
 * television judge
 * External identifiers: SERNEC taxon ID, Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria taxon ID, Rhineland-Palatinate school ID, nebula channel id, Deutsche Bahn station number, ISzDb series ID, BG localisation unit ID, Cathopedia article ID, Native Plants Hawaii ID, Taiwan Biographical Database ID, Penstemon Database ID, Wikisage ID

 * Query examples:
 * Visual artists whose works will enter the Public Domain in Mexico on January 1, 2024 (source)
 * Top music album languages found on Wikidata right now (Week 52, 2023) (source)
 * Western composers until the end of the Renaissance (source)
 * Newest database reports: Merge candidates: Identical birth and death dates
 * Showcase Items: Team Fortress 2 (Q382108) - team-based first-person shooter multiplayer video game.
 * Showcase Lexemes: ورھا لگّݨ / ਵਰ੍ਹਾ ਲੱਗਣ (L907713) - Punjabi verb expressing the setting in of a new year.

 *  Development
 * The development team is just returning from the winter holidays so there is no development update at the moment.

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 *  Monthly Tasks
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Comment on property proposals: all open proposals
 * Contribute to a Showcase item.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Read the full report · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)

Wikidata weekly summary #610
Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.

 Discussions
 * Closed request for adminship: WikiBayer (closed as successful). Welcome onboard \o/
 * New requests for permissions/Bot: So9qBot 9. Task: Add DDO identifier to Danish lexemes.

 Events
 * Upcoming:
 * The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 16:00 UTC on Wednesday, 17th January 2024 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
 * Wiki Mentor Africa (WMA) Hackathon, 19th to 21st January 2024
 * Forschungsdatenmanagement: Wikidata as a collaborative information resource on research data management (German), takes place online, Wednesday 10th January 2024, 10-11am (CET).

 Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Blogs: PubChem on Wikidata – What is the state of coverage? by Tiago Lubiana. In summary, Wikidata has good coverage of the structured chemical data in PubChem, though there are improvement points. PubChem displays, and will always display, textual information and vendor-specific data that do not fit Wikidata, but they are complementary tools in the ecosystem of open chemical data.
 * Papers
 * Linked data: un’opportunità per il riuso (Q124079430) "scientific article published in 2023" (paper in Italian) - deals with linked data in library catalogues, with many mentions of Wikidata.
 * Automatically Constructed Indonesian Question Answering Dataset by Leveraging Wikidata by K. Doxolodeo & A.A. Krisnadhi - researchers have created a new Indonesian Question Answering dataset that is produced automatically end-to-end using Context Free Grammar, the Wikipedia Indonesian Corpus, and the concept of the proxy model
 * LIS Journals’ Lack of Participation in Wikidata Item Creation by Eric Willey & Susan Radovsky, discusses the gap of Wikidata items being created for scholarly articles by the scholar's themselves and if this can lead to inconsistent or inaccurate data model.
 * Quantifying Americanization: Coverage of American Topics in Different Wikipedias: this paper asks whether there is an americanisation bias in the content created by the communities. By Piotr Konieczny & Włodzimierz Lewoniewski.
 * Videos
 * Map Kerala Initiative is an opendata portal geospatial map powered by Wikidata and OpenStreetMap, introduced by Manoj Karingamadathil.
 * This video on Biodiversity Explorations with Machine Learning: Biodiversity Data Access Functions shows how Wikidata is being used to populate species entity profiles at Wolfram U, presented by Jofre Espigulé-Pons.
 * Notebooks: Wikipedia article as a timeline - This tool transforms a Wikipedia article in a timeline by parsing all internal links in a Wikipedia article and retrieving the date corresponding to each internal link using the point in time (P585) property in Wikidata.

 Tool of the week  Map your list of created articles - a notebook display of geolocated articles on a map created by a user per chosen project and batch (featured/good article).

 Other Noteworthy Stuff  Wikimedia Indonesia and Wikimedia Deutschland ended their partnership within the project Software Collaboration for Wikidata prematurely. Read their joint statement here.

 Newest properties and property proposals to review

 * Newest General datatypes:
 * Flora of the Hawaiian Islands URL ( URL of the entry for a plant genus, species, subspecies, or variety in the Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website )
 * (Montana Plant Life URL ( URL for a plant family, genus, or species on the Montana Plant Life website )
 * plate(s) ( plate number(s) in the reference source being cited to support the statement being made )
 * Newest External identifiers: Abandonware-France book ID, MilliBase taxon ID, Monasticon Hibernicum database ID, Rhineland-Palatinate school ID, Enciclopedia di Roma monument ID, Enciclopedia di Roma street ID, Mid-Atlantic Herbaria Consortium taxon ID, The Criterion Collection spine number

 * New General datatypes property proposals to review:
 * Water bottle volume ( Volume of the water bottle )
 * Is it metric? ( To check if it's a metric. )
 * Anti-Cheat software used ( anti-cheat solution used by this multiplayer video game )
 * New External identifier property proposals to review: turismo.marche.it place ID, Joseph Smith Papers person ID, Team Scotland ID, Globoplay ID, DoblajeVideojuegos game ID, National Natural Parks System ID, Commonwealth Games Australia ID, Adventure-Treff game ID, TouchArcade game ID, Mod.io ID, The Models Resource game ID, The Models Resource entity ID, tourist information point number, Jinji Koshinjyo ID, Bandcamp track ID

''' Did you know? '''
 * Query examples:
 * Average age of supporters of Gérard Depardieu according to Appel de 50 personnalités du monde de la culture (source)
 * Map of running/out of service railway stations in France
 * Bridges in the UK with photos (source)
 * Programming languages influenced by Niklaus Wirth (directly or indirectly) (source)
 * Newest WikiProject: Podcast Episodes 2024 - The goal of this project is to add episode pages for individual podcasts.
 * Newest database report: children of unborn parents
 * Showcase Item: Helsinki (Q1757) - capital and most populous city of Finland
 * Showcase Lexeme: Allah korusun (L1226849) - Turkish for 'God forbid'

 Development
 * IP masking/temporary accounts: We are adjusting Wikibase to be prepared for the upcoming changes to no longer expose IP addresses for non-logged-in users (T351968)
 * Dumps/lex. data: We’re adjusting how empty lists of Forms and Senses are represented in JSON dumps (T305660)
 * Wikibase REST API:
 * We finished the work on making it possible to get all sitelinks of an Item (T344041)
 * We are working on getting a sitelink for a given wiki (T344039)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 Weekly Tasks
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Comment on property proposals: all open proposals
 * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
 * Participate in this week's Lexeme challenge: Ologies
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Read the full report · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)

Wikidata weekly summary #612
''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week. Translations are available.''

 Discussions
 * New request for comments: Domain name as data (Summary: How should Wikidata store the domain name associated with an item? There are many properties for URLs, but a domain name is a different value.)

 Events
 * Past
 * Wikidata+Wikibase office hour session log: Telegram office hour 2024-01-17
 * PLW 2024: Provenance loves Wiki - Fri. 12th - Sun. 14th January. If you missed the event, catch up by reading the slides, Notes and watching the recordings on the Project page
 * Next: Linked Open Data in Heritage Workshop > Jan. 23rd, 13:00 - 15:00 CET. If you are in the Maastricht University Faculty and want to know enhance heritage research, improve data management, connectivity and visualisation, register for the Workshop.

 Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Blogs
 * Languages with the best lexicographic data coverage in Wikidata 2023
 * Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective --> interview with Epìdosis where they discuss the challenges and opportunities of working with catalogues on Wikidata.
 * Papers
 * The reconciliation of SBN authority records with Wikidata. Progresses and perspectives after a decade of work (2013-2023) (Q124289369) (Italian title: Riconciliare le voci di autorità in SBN con Wikidata. Progressi e prospettive dopo un decennio di lavoro (2013-2023)) (paper in Italian) - deals with the reconciliation of the authority file of the biggest Italian collective library catalogue (OPAC SBN) with Wikidata
 * The evolution of authority work in SBN. From origins to Alphabetica and future prospects (Q124289388) (Italian title: L’evoluzione dell’authority work in SBN. Dalle origini ad Alphabetica e prospettive future) (paper in Italian) - deals with the evolution of the authority work in the biggest Italian collective library catalogue (OPAC SBN), with many references to Wikidata
 * Biological Pathway Abstractions: From 2D drawings to Multidimensional Linked Data > this thesis by Andra Sachinder Waagmeester discusses the utility of using Wikidata as a Knowledge Graph for Life Sciences.
 * Videos
 * "From Wiki to Digital Humanities - Establishing a Literature Index Network" Symposium(Taiwanese) from Wang Shiqing. A scholar of Taiwanese history, this symposium explores linking their historical and academic research with Wikidata.
 * Semantic MediaWiki Con 2023
 * AskWikidata: Natural language queries to Wikidata, a naive prototype created by Senior Software Engineer for Wikidata, Robert Timm. Want to try? (Google Colab)
 * Fixing Wikidata: by viewing it as a series of tables by Yaron Koren, who challenges that Wikidata can become more useful with more structured editing and querying practices.

 Tool of the week
 * Wikimedia Commons based streaming services by Magnus: WikiFlix for movies and the companion tool WikiVibes for audio.

 Other Noteworthy Stuff
 * Wikimedia Deutschland hiring:
 * Software Engineer, Wikidata
 * Software Engineer, Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects
 * Senior Software Engineer, Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects

 Newest properties and property proposals to review

 * Newest General datatypes:
 * underlying structure ( an instance of the subject becomes an instance of the object if some of its data are lost )
 * working memory type ( specifies the type of working memory of this data object )
 * production manager ( manager that is responsible for the administration of a feature film or television production )
 * simulate ( the element imitates or makes the value of the property appear real )
 * Philippine middle name ( maternal surname generally placed in the middle of this person's name )
 * Newest External identifiers: ISzDb series ID, IFTTT service ID, National-Football-Teams.com team ID, Moviefone person ID, Commonwealth Games Australia athlete ID, Team Scotland athlete ID, Kicker team ID, goalzz.com team ID, vesti.kz team ID, Am Faclair Beag ID, tourist information point number, Alexandria.dk person ID, Babelio serial ID, Moviebuff ID, RCS number, Sayed Ganj Balochi Glossary ID, Vazhaju Word ID, Stage, Qué series ver ID

 * New General datatypes property proposals to review:
 * If non-metric
 * civil rank ( non-military rank of a civil office holder in Russian Empire )
 * New External identifier property proposals to review: PhoneScoop phone ID, TopKar ID, IFOPT stop identifier, Flashback lexicon ID, Letterboxd director ID, Letterboxd user ID, HbVar ID, MobiTUKI Swahili-English Dictionary entry, HistoryMakers Digital Archive Maker ID, Wörterbuch zur Verbvalenz sense ID, Euro+Med PlantBase taxon ID, Code de la collectivité territoriale ayant les compétences départementales, Dansk Forfatterleksikon ID

You can comment on all open property proposals!

''' Did you know? '''
 * Query examples:
 * Distance between the birthplace of UK ministers and London (source)
 * Map of countries receiving the Nobel peace prize
 * People who have returned to being their country’s head of government after the longest gap
 * Newest WikiProjects: WikiProject Media art - to work together with initiatives archiving media art and find common best practices.
 * Newest database reports: Count of Senseless Lexemes per language
 * Showcase Items: Mona Lisa (Q12418) - oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci
 * Showcase Lexemes: grilldress (L1131949) - track suit for grilling in Bokmål

 Development
 * IP Masking: We are continuing to adapt Wikibase to the upcoming IP Masking feature. We worked on hiding warnings about IP addresses being saved when they don’t apply (T353807, T352006) and creating temporary accounts when editing (T354730)
 * Wikibase REST API:
 * We continued working on the ability to get a sitelink for a given site (T344039)
 * We started working on the ability to remove a sitelink for a given wiki (T344685)
 * We worked on fixing a bug where the REST API PUT request does not handle statement on Items with lowercase statement IDs (T352644)
 * mul language code: We did user testing to find any remaining issue before release

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 Weekly Tasks
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
 * Participate in this week's Lexeme challenge: Cinematography
 * Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Read the full report · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) -MediaWiki message delivery (Yɛltɔɣa) 17:13, 15 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)

Wikidata weekly summary #634

'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week. This is the Wikidata summary of the week before 2024-07-01. Please help Translate.''

  Discussions
 * New requests for permissions/Bot:
 * DifoolBot 4 Task(s) - Split single references containing multiple reference URLs into multiple references.
 * Bot Bozze Task(s) - Add sitelinks to itwiki draft articles after they've been moved to the main namespace.
 * New request for comments: Spelling convention for labels and descriptions in English - RfC started 2024-06-25. This RfC requests feedback and input for finding consistency in spelling convention as English has multiple regional variations.

 Events
 * Past: The Lexicodays 2024 was an online event designed to offer a discussion space for the Wikidata community about Lexicographical Data. An archive of some of the slides and session recordings are here c:Category:Lexicodays 2024. More will be added as they become available.
 * Upcoming:
 * The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 16:00 UTC on Wednesday, 10th July 2024 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
 * Talk to the Search Platform / Query Service Team—July 3, 2024
 * Botany-focused Wikidata online workshop online as part of the #IBC2024. Date: Tuesday 9th July at 9pm NZST (GMT+12) / 11 am central Europe. Register here!

 Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Blogs
 * Querying for audio on Wikidata - This blog post discusses using SPARQL queries on Wikidata to find audio recordings, focusing on musical compositions and their associated genres.
 * Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: Why Wikimedia is an antidote to disinformation - The blog post highlights how Wikidata, as a central storage repository, plays a crucial role in countering disinformation by providing reliable, structured data for Wikimedia projects and beyond.
 * Diff Blog: Imagining a Wikidata future for librarians together - the sixth and final blog post from the LD42023 conference. Silvia Gutiérrez (WMF) and Giovanna Fontenelle (WMF) document the results of the collaborative session on building a bridge between the Library-Wikidata community and WMF.
 * Census IDs are Now Wikidata External Identifiers
 * Library Knowledge as Linked Data: A Wikidata Approach: Contributing to a shared data commons. David Erlandson describes the experiences of using Wikidata for the pilot Program for Cooperative Cataloging to "accelerate the movement towards ubiquitous identifier creation and identity management at the network level".
 * Papers
 * Mapping the Past: Geographically Linking an Early 20th Century Swedish Encyclopedia with Wikidata - This paper describes the extraction of location entries from a prominent Swedish encyclopedia and sheds light on selection and representation of geographic information in the Nordisk Familjebok. By A. Ahlin, A. Myrne & P. Nugues.
 * Papers from the just-ended Wiki Workshop 2024
 * Do LOD Conventions Impede the Representation of Diversity? The Case of Disabled Actors in DBpedia and Wikidata?
 * SPARQL for LIS Analytics: Exploring Gender Representation amongst PCC Wikidata Pilot Participant
 * Wikidata Vandalism Detection with Graph-Linguistic Fusion
 * Wikidata Quality Toolkit: Entity Schema Generator Demonstration (tool demonstration)
 * Videos
 * Wikidata Knowledge Graph to Enable Equitable and Validated Generative AI - Wikimedia Deutschland's Jonathan Fraine and Lydia Pintscher show how Wikidata can be used to provide well-cited information and how semantic search can augment generative AI inference. Presented at the Open Source GenAI & ML Summit.
 * Wikidata Editing LIVE at Lexico Days 2024 - User:Abbe98 and User:JanAinali are back for another session of live-editing, focused on lexicographical data, during the Lexico Days 2024 event that took place this last weekend, June 28 - June 30.
 * Get more out of Wikidata with Resonator - Rachel Hendrick and Gary Price of LibTech Tools walk through Resonator and point out the best ways to use it. Resonator is available on ToolForge.
 * Knowledge Integrity: Reliability- Wikidata Vandalism Detection with Graph Linguistic Fusion - Diego (WMF) and Mykola Trokhmovych showcase their work on building a model to help Wikidata editors identify edits that require patrolling, as part of the [Wiki Workshop 2024.
 * Inclusion of Communities: Using Wikibase to Leverage Community Sourced Data Initiatives - Erin Yunes talks about their work in using Wikibase Cloud as part of the Compel project (COmputer Music Preservation Electronic Library).
 * (es) ¿Cómo fortalecer el dominio público con Wikidata? - This Wikitools Workshop hosted by Jorge Gemetto is on Paulina, a tool for exploring and accessing public domain information on authors and their works.

 Tool of the week
 * Automatic Structuring of text for Wikidata - User:BrokenSegue introduces their new tool.
 * User:Zvpunry/CreateNewItem - This is a User script to easily add a new Item while editing a Statement and noticing that the desired Item is missing.

 Other Noteworthy Stuff
 * The second iteration of the Wikidata:Open Online Course has begun. Class will continue until August 11. Whether you're a beginner taking your first steps, an individual in need of a refresher on Wikidata concepts, or a seasoned trainer looking to level up your skills - this course is right for you.

 Newest properties and property proposals to review

 * Newest General datatypes:
 * showrunner ( person who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a television show )
 * music mood ( qualifier carrying an emotion (mood) relevant to a musical audio recording )
 * coin edge ( image or images that show the edge of a coin )
 * ozone depletion potential ( relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer relative to CFC-11 )
 * Newest External identifiers: Locomotive Yaroslavl HC player ID, Orthoptera Species File taxon ID (new), Flown From the Nest person ID, Online Swahili - English Dictionary ID, A Dictionary of Plant Sciences ID, A Dictionary of Zoology ID, A Dictionary of Contemporary Icelandic ID, Seret film ID, Limited Liability Partnership Identification Number, Paleobiology database reference ID, PNG School Code, Téarma ID, IMAIOS entity ID, Naturalis Repository ID, English-Spanish Dictionary ID, Vikidia article ID, thisisbasketball.be player ID, poblesdecatalunya.cat ID, Oqaasersiorfik ID, MNAHA person ID, Greenlandic-English Dictionary ID, Te Aka Māori Dictionary ID, Tropicos person ID, He Pātaka Kupu ID, vehicle keeper marking (VKM), AllGame style ID, FC Metz player ID, MoFo ID, itch.io numeric ID, filmas.lv film ID, filmas.lv person ID, filmas.lv studio ID, Cockroach Species File taxon ID (new), Lygaeoidea Species File taxon ID (new), Phasmida Species File taxon ID (new), Psocodea Species File taxon ID (new), Spanish-English Dictionary ID, Norwegian National Museum producer ID, Burgenwelt ID, Irish-English Dictionary ID, Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini ID, Tommaseo-Bellini Online ID, danskfodbold.com player ID, DAKA Danish-Greenlandic Dictionary ID, DAKA Greenlandic-Danish Dictionary ID, Canadian Great War Project person ID, English-Irish Dictionary ID, PMC journal ID, Census ID, Douban personage ID, Avibase person ID, Brezhoneg21 ID, European Education Thesaurus ID, Cineuropa distributor ID, Cineuropa production company ID, OpenCitations Meta ID, IGN franchise ID, Federal Reserve Subject Taxonomy ID, Farhang-i forsī ba rusī ID, Devri ID, Cambridge University Press ID, Canadian Virtual War Memorial ID, Personnel Records of the First World War ID, Fowler’s Concise Dictionary ID, NooSFere publisher ID, Plex person key, BHMPI OBJ ID, Index Fungorum person ID, stiga.trefik.cz player ID, UNIBO professor ID, Cineuropa international sales agent ID, Mapes de Patrimoni Cultural ID

 * New General datatypes property proposals to review:
 * number of local branches ( number of branches of this organization at the lowest (local) level )
 * KANAL inventory ID ( inventory number of a creative work assigned by KANAL )
 * Tüik mahalle id ( Identifier of neighborhoods in Turkey in TÜİK  database )
 * New External identifier property proposals to review: Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: English-French ID, Biodiversity Information System for Europe ID, Elonet company ID, Numista issuer ID, Overcast episode ID, Metamath statement label, Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: English-German ID, Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary: English-Italian ID, Il Nuovo DOP ID, FEI horse ID, Google Play author ID, identifiant d'une personne sur Archelec, Standard Ebooks ID, Lojas com História ID, RGALI person ID, RGALI organization ID, Hebrew Academy term ID, milononline.net entry ID, KANAL identifier, LAGL author ID, Alle Burgen, FC Krasnodar player id, Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary: Italian-English ID, Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: German-English ID, Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: French-English ID, Manhom Arabic Profile ID, GOArt databas, ArchWiki article, Star Wars.com, identifikátor filmu ve Filmové databázi (FDb)

You can comment on all open property proposals!

''' Did you know? '''
 * Query examples:
 * Number of people who are both politicians and musicians by political spectrum (source)
 * Lexeme coverage of Indonesian languages
 * UK MPs and their office start/end years (source)
 * Newest WikiProjects: Inuktitut - This is the space to organize work to assure that the sum of all knowledge and the supporting infrastructure for necessary services are available in Inuktitut (ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ, Inuktitut).
 * Newest database reports: Merge candidates based on same pattern
 * Showcase Items: Montblanc (Q761735) - town in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia
 * Showcase Lexemes: gbuɣi (L725113) - Dagbanli verb, translates to "vomiting" and "sprouting"

 Development
 * EntitySchemas:
 * We worked around an issue where EntitySchema pages were no longer considered “content” and had become unsearchable (T368010)
 * We prepared for the release of the new datatype on July 2nd.
 * mul language code: We are working on the last remaining blocker before rolling out the first stage to Wikidata (T362917)
 * Wikibase REST API: We are continuing to rework API errors (T366911, T366239)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 Weekly Tasks  · Unsubscribe · Help translate · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) ·
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
 * Participate in this week's Lexeme challenge:
 * Govdirectory weekly focus country: Argentina
 * Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Wikidata weekly summary #635
<div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">

<div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week. This is the Wikidata summary of the week before 2024-07-08. Please help Translate.'' <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;">

 Events
 * Upcoming:
 * The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 16:00 UTC on Wednesday, 10th July 2024 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
 * Registration for Wikimania 2024 is open! In-person participants: please register until 26 July, 11:59 p.m., UTC. Virtual participants can register anytime. If you received a scholarship from the Wikimedia Foundation, you will receive an email with a registration code and instructions.

 Tool of the week
 * User:Teester/EntityShape.js - a userscript that adds an input box to a Wikidata page wherein you can enter an EntitySchema (such as E10). When you click "Check", checks whether each statement and property conforms to the schema. It then displays a summary at the top of the Item for each property indicating whether they conform or not. It also adds a badge to each statement and each property on the page indicating whether they conform or not.

 Other Noteworthy Stuff
 * Wikidata teams' development goals for the third quarter of 2024 have been updated: Wikidata:Development plan

 Newest properties and property proposals to review

 * Newest General datatypes:
 * music mood ( qualifier carrying an emotion (mood) relevant to a musical audio recording )
 * coin edge ( image or images that show the edge of a coin )
 * ozone depletion potential ( relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer relative to CFC-11 )
 * EntitySchema for class ( schema that members of a class should conform to )
 * Newest External identifiers: Naturalis Repository ID, English-Spanish Dictionary ID, Vikidia article ID, thisisbasketball.be player ID, poblesdecatalunya.cat ID, Oqaasersiorfik ID, MNAHA person ID, Greenlandic-English Dictionary ID, Te Aka Māori Dictionary ID, Tropicos person ID, He Pātaka Kupu ID, vehicle keeper marking (VKM), AllGame style ID, FC Metz player ID, MoFo ID, itch.io numeric ID, filmas.lv film ID, filmas.lv person ID, filmas.lv studio ID, Cockroach Species File taxon ID (new), Lygaeoidea Species File taxon ID (new), Phasmida Species File taxon ID (new), Psocodea Species File taxon ID (new), Spanish-English Dictionary ID, Norwegian National Museum producer ID, Burgenwelt ID, Irish-English Dictionary ID, Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini ID, Tommaseo-Bellini Online ID, danskfodbold.com player ID, DAKA Danish-Greenlandic Dictionary ID, DAKA Greenlandic-Danish Dictionary ID, Canadian Great War Project person ID, English-Irish Dictionary ID, PMC journal ID, Census ID, Douban personage ID, Avibase person ID, Brezhoneg21 ID, European Education Thesaurus ID, Cineuropa distributor ID, Cineuropa production company ID, OpenCitations Meta ID, IGN franchise ID, Federal Reserve Subject Taxonomy ID, Farhang-i forsī ba rusī ID, Devri ID, Cambridge University Press ID, Canadian Virtual War Memorial ID, Personnel Records of the First World War ID, Fowler’s Concise Dictionary ID, NooSFere publisher ID, Plex person key, BHMPI OBJ ID, Index Fungorum person ID, stiga.trefik.cz player ID, UNIBO professor ID, Cineuropa international sales agent ID, Mapes de Patrimoni Cultural ID, Il Nuovo DOP ID, RGALI person ID, RGALI organization ID, Archelec person ID, Lojas com História ID, milononline.net entry ID, Hebrew Academy term ID, LAGL author ID, KANAL ID, Google Play author ID, Overcast episode ID, ArchWiki article, Valencian Library ID, Star Wars.com ID

 * New General datatypes property proposals to review:
 * number of local branches ( number of branches of this organization at the lowest (local) level )
 * KANAL inventory ID ( inventory number of a creative work assigned by KANAL )
 * Tüik mahalle id ( Identifier of neighborhoods in Turkey in TÜİK  database )
 * myfixguide.com ( Photos about how to disassemble hardware )
 * date de vote ( vote date, date on which people decided or casted their ballot )
 * Sandbox-EntitySchema ( Sandbox property for value of type "EntitySchema" )
 * Imperial University of Dorpat student ID ( matriculation number of a student of the Imperial University of Dorpat )
 * indexer ( entity responsible for compiling an index of a book, database, website or other forms of media publications in the form of a methodical arrangement of records designed to enable users to locate information quickly. Example: Hazel K. Bell (Q70226489) )
 * WorldCyclingStats ID ( identifier on the website WorldCyclingStats (www.worldcyclingstats.com) )
 * New External identifier property proposals to review: Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: English-French ID, Biodiversity Information System for Europe ID, Elonet company ID, Numista issuer ID, Metamath statement label, Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: English-German ID, Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary: English-Italian ID, FEI horse ID, Standard Ebooks ID, Alle Burgen, FC Krasnodar player id, Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary: Italian-English ID, Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: German-English ID, Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: French-English ID, Manhom Arabic Profile ID, GOArt databas, identifikátor filmu ve Filmové databázi (FDb), identifikátor osoby ve Filmové databázi (FDb), ScienceDirect journal ID, Iraqnla Book ID, islamway authority ID, Hermitage Museum artist ID, Coptic Dictionary Online ID, autoritateak.eus, Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts artist ID, Thinkwiki article

You can comment on all open property proposals!

''' Did you know? '''
 * Query examples:
 * Cumulative experience of UK MPs on election day (since 1922) (source)
 * Location of GLAMs with open access policies
 * Images of biologists by height
 * Newest database reports: User:Pasleim/commonsmerge - Merge candidates based on same commons category
 * Showcase Items: Ferdinand Magellan (Q1496) - Portuguese explorer in the service of Spain
 * Showcase Lexemes: bergkant (L1083157) - Nynorsk noun, translates to "the top edge of a mountain"

 Development
 * EntitySchemas: The new datatype to link to EntitySchemas in statements has been released.
 * mul language code: We are preparing the release.

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 Weekly Tasks  <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">· Unsubscribe · Help translate · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) (Talk) · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:32, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
 * Participate in this week's Lexeme challenge:
 * Govdirectory weekly focus country: Armenia
 * Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

Wikidata weekly summary #536
<div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">

<div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week. This is the Wikidata summary of the week before 2024-07-15. Please help Translate.'' <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;">

 Discussions
 * New requests for permissions/Bot: SpinachBot - Task/s: AI agent-enabled question answering through the creation and execution of complex SPARQL queries on Wikidata. Users tag the bog with wikidata-related questions, and it tries to come up with an answer by iteratively creating SPARQL queries.

 Events
 * Past: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour session log: Telegram office hour 2024-07-10

 Press, articles, blog posts, videos
 * Blogs
 * An Intelligent System: What I learned through taking an introductory Wikidata course - The author, Anne-Christine Hoff, dispels misconceptions about Wikidata. She highlights that it is a relational communication system, not solely bot-driven, and allows users worldwide to add localized data in multiple languages, creating a self-structuring repository of information
 * Merge and diff - blog post by Magnus about adding new properties (taxon data speficially, NCBI, GBIF, and iINaturalist) to the AC2WD tool. If you have the user script installed on Wikidata (see tool below), AC2WD will automatically show up on relevant taxon items.
 * Documenting Women Artists Through Wikidata - this project reveals how works by women artists can be given greater public visibility.
 * Dagbani Lexemes (how-to-workshop in Dagbanli) - increase the vocabulary and standardize existing entries.
 * Papers: Automatic Generation of Hindi Wikipedia Pages" based on information from Wikidata
 * Videos
 * Online workshop Upskilling in Wikidata for maximum impact IBC 2024 - Recording of the virtual Wikidata workshop given on the 9th of July 2024. An onboarding and introductory event in anticipation of a full in-person workshop to be held at the International Botanical Congress 2024 in Madrid on the 21st of July 2024
 * Connecting University Art Collections Wikidata Demo
 * Notebooks
 * Collection of notebooks about the Tour de France
 * Computing Jaccard similarity index between Wikidata items based on properties used in statements.

 Tool of the week
 * Relationships between two Wikidata items a new tool hosted on Observable which looks at all statements involving a pair of Wikidata items.
 * User:Magnus Manske/ac2wd.js - This script adds an "AC2WD" link in the tools sidebar. When you click on it, it uses the AC2WD tool to check the item for certain Authority Control IDs (eg VIAF). It then checks these AC datasets for statements (and more AC IDs). It will then add any new information it found as new statements, or add more references to existing statements where possible. A green checkmark will be appended to the link if data was added (reload the page to see), otherwise a "—" if no new data was available.

 Other Noteworthy Stuff
 * OpenRefine 3.8.2 was released
 * Awesome Wikidata: Shape Expressions (Entity Schemas) - Tools for creating, editing, and generating entity schemas

 Newest properties and property proposals to review

 * Newest General datatypes:
 * music mood ( qualifier carrying an emotion (mood) relevant to a musical audio recording )
 * coin edge image ( image or images that show the edge of a coin )
 * ozone depletion potential ( relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer relative to CFC-11 )
 * EntitySchema for class ( schema that members of a class should conform to )
 * writing technique ( technique used for writing on stone, paper or other support )
 * last appearance ( last work featuring a fictional character or item )
 * Tüik mahalle ID ( identifier of neighborhoods (mahalle) in Turkey in TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute) database )
 * Sandbox-EntitySchema ( Sandbox property for value of type "EntitySchema" )
 * myfixguide.com ( photos about how to disassemble hardware )
 * indexer ( entity responsible for compiling an index of a book, database, website or other forms of media publications in the form of a methodical arrangement of records designed to enable users to locate information quickly )
 * Newest External identifiers: Irish-English Dictionary ID, Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini ID, Tommaseo-Bellini Online ID, danskfodbold.com player ID, DAKA Danish-Greenlandic Dictionary ID, DAKA Greenlandic-Danish Dictionary ID, Canadian Great War Project person ID, English-Irish Dictionary ID, PMC journal ID, Census ID, Douban personage ID, Avibase person ID, Brezhoneg21 ID, European Education Thesaurus ID, Cineuropa distributor ID, Cineuropa production company ID, OpenCitations Meta ID, IGN franchise ID, Federal Reserve Subject Taxonomy ID, Farhang-i forsī ba rusī ID, Devri ID, Cambridge University Press ID, Canadian Virtual War Memorial ID, Personnel Records of the First World War ID, Fowler’s Concise Dictionary ID, NooSFere publisher ID, Plex person key, BHMPI OBJ ID, Index Fungorum person ID, stiga.trefik.cz player ID, UNIBO professor ID, Cineuropa international sales agent ID, Mapes de Patrimoni Cultural ID, Il Nuovo DOP ID, RGALI person ID, RGALI organization ID, Archelec person ID, Lojas com História ID, milononline.net entry ID, Hebrew Academy term ID, LAGL author ID, KANAL ID, Google Play author ID, Overcast episode ID, ArchWiki article, Valencian Library ID, Star Wars.com ID, ScienceDirect journal ID, Filmová databáze film ID, Filmová databáze person ID, FC Krasnodar player ID, Iraqnla book ID, All castles, Italian-English Dictionary ID, islamway authority ID, Metamath statement ID, Imperial University of Dorpat student ID, Coptic Dictionary Online ID, English-Italian Dictionary ID, autoritateak.eus ID, Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts artist ID

 * New General datatypes property proposals to review:
 * number of local branches ( number of branches of this organization at the lowest (local) level )
 * KANAL inventory ID ( inventory number of a creative work assigned by KANAL )
 * date de vote ( vote date, date on which people decided or casted their ballot )
 * WorldCyclingStats ID ( identifier on the website WorldCyclingStats (www.worldcyclingstats.com) )
 * New External identifier property proposals to review: Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: English-German ID, FEI horse ID, Standard Ebooks ID, Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: German-English ID, Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: French-English ID, Manhom Arabic Profile ID, Hermitage Museum artist ID, Thinkwiki article, Wiley Online Library journal ID, identifier of the educational center of resistance and deportation of Landes, Nintendo Life company ID, SideReel series ID, SideReel series URL slug, Helveticat ID, africanmusiclibrary.org artist id, Museums in Russia ID, Hawramani Arabic Lexicon entry ID, ARABTERM entry ID, The New Mithraeum ID, Frauen im Widerstand ID, Stichting Erfgoed Nederlandse Biercultuur beer ID, Taylor & Francis journal ID, JTA Sightseeing Database ID, Emerald Group Publishing journal ID

You can comment on all open property proposals!

''' Did you know? '''
 * Query examples:
 * Arabic periodicals known to Wikidata (source)
 * X account of politicians
 * Characters whose actors died recently
 * Newest WikiProjects: Human Cells - dedicated to improve our coverage of information about these fundamental entities that compose organisms. The project focuses mainly on two kinds of cell classes: species-agnostic classes, such as neutrophil (Q188417), and human-specific classes, such as human neutrophil (Q101405102).
 * Newest database reports: Descriptions containing Q-Id
 * Showcase Items: Lucy (Q13365715): female given name
 * Showcase Lexemes: Nachbar (L230775): "someone nearby" in German

 Development
 * Wikibase REST API: Continuing to improve error handling and error messages.
 * EntitySchemas: Fixed issues that popped up after release (T369149, T369155, T368010)
 * Query Service graph split: Adapting constraints that make use of the Query Service to be able to deal with 2 endpoints (T369079)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

 Weekly Tasks  <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">· Unsubscribe · Help translate · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) (Talk) · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:18, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
 * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
 * Govdirectory weekly focus country: Albania
 * Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
 * Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
 * Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
 * Help write the next summary!

title: User talk:Bovlb


text:
User talk:Vivekb

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:58, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Vivekb


text:
User talk:Tddpirate

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:59, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tddpirate


text: User talk:RadioYeti

title: User talk:RadioYeti


text:
Alexander Godfrey

Alexander Godfrey (c.1756–1803) was an 18th-century British privateer during the War of the Second Coalition against France and Spain.

Godfrey was born in Chatham, Massachusetts in c.1756, and later moved to Nova Scotia. In 1791 he married Phoebe West.

By 1800, Britain was at war with France and Spain, both of which had a significant naval and commercial maritime presence in the Americas. Godfrey obtained a letter of marque to serve as a privateer for Britain, and put to sea in command of Rover, a 14-gun brig. In 1800, while possibly in company with other vessels, Rover encountered and defeated three Spanish warships; in recognition of which Godfrey was offered a Royal Navy commission. Godfrey subsequently paid £850 to purchase one of the Spanish vessels when it was sold as a prize, then sailed it Halifax, Nova Scotia for resale at £1000.

Godfrey died of yellow fever in Jamaica in 1803. His only child Ruth, who died of burns, is buried in Liverpool, Nova Scotia's historic cemetery.

title: Alexander Godfrey


text:
User talk:Burmagroup

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 18:02, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Burmagroup


text:
User talk:Conrad Leviston~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 18:02, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

History of Queensland
The History of Queensland article has finally become the current Australian Collaboration. As you voted for it, you might like to visit and improve the article as you see fit. Thanks --Scott Davis Talk 14:52, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Conrad Leviston! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:35, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Herbie Flowers -
 * 2) Erkki-Sven Tüür -

Constellations Task Force activity
Hello there! As part of an effort to determine how many active editors are present in the astronomy-related WikiProjects, changes have been made to the list of members of the Constellations taskforce of WikiProject Astronomy. If you still consider yourself to be an active editor in this task force, it would be appreciated if you would please edit the list so that your name is moved to the 'active users' section - thus a clearer idea of the number of active editors can be determined. Many thanks in advance!

Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of WikiProject Astronomy at 16:02, 26 December 2010 (UTC).

Wikipedia Day Melbourne Meetup
Hi there. Just inviting you to the Melbourne meetup this Sunday at 11am, to celebrate our 11th anniversary. Details on that page. Hope to see you there! SteveBot (talk) 01:53, 11 January 2012 (UTC) (on behalf of Steven Zhang)

February Melbourne Meetup
Hi All. Just letting you know that we have another meetup planned for Melbourne, on Sunday, 26th February at 11am. More details can be found at the meetup page. Pizza will be provided. Look forward to seeing all of you there :-) SteveBot (talk) 22:54, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup
Hey all, just a reminder that there's a meetup tomorrow at 11am in North Melbourne. There are more details at the meetup page. Hope to see you tomorrow! SteveBot (talk) 04:21, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

Meetup invitation: Melbourne 26
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup next Sunday (6 January). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 26. Hope to see you there! John Vandenberg 05:06, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

(this automated message was delivered using replace.py to all users in Victoria)

Language-population update project
Hi. The 18th edition of Ethnologue just came out, and if we divide up our language articles among us, it won't take long to update them. I would appreciate it if you could help out, even if it's just a few articles (5,000 articles is a lot for just me), but I won't be insulted if you delete this request.

A largely complete list of articles to be updated is at Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 17. The priority articles are in Category:Language articles with old Ethnologue 17 speaker data. These are the 10% that have population figures at least 25 years old.

Probably 90% of the time, Ethnologue has not changed their figures between the 17th and 18th editions, so all we need to do is change "e17" to "e18" in the reference (ref) field of the language info box. That will change the citation for the artcle to the current edition. Please put the data in the proper fields, or the info box will flag it as needing editorial review. The other relevant fields are "speakers" (the number of native speakers in all countries), "date" (the date of the reference or census that Ethnologue uses, not the date of Ethnologue!), and sometimes "speakers2". Our convention has been to enter e.g. "1990 census" when a census is used, as other data can be much older than the publication date. Sometimes a citation elsewhere in the article depends on the e17 entry, in which case you will need to change "name=e17" to "name=e18" in the reference tag (assuming the 18th edition still supports the cited claim).

Remember, we want the *total* number of native speakers, which is often not the first figure given by Ethnologue. Sometimes the data is too incompatible to add together (e.g. a figure from the 1950s for one country, and a figure from 2006 for another), in which case it should be presented that way. That's one use for the "speakers2" field. If you're not sure, just ask, or skip that article.

Data should not be displayed with more than two, or at most three, significant figures. Sometimes it should be rounded off to just one significant figure, e.g. when some of the component data used by Ethnologue has been approximated with one figure (200,000, 3 million, etc.) and the other data has greater precision. For example, a figure of 200,000 for one country and 4,230 for another is really just 200,000 in total, as the 4,230 is within the margin of rounding off in the 200,000. If you want to retain the spurious precision of the number in Ethnologue, you might want to use the sigfig template. (First parameter in this template is for the data, second is for the number of figures to round it off to.)

Dates will often need to be a range of all the country data in the Ethnologue article. When entering the date range, I often ignore dates from countries that have only a few percent of the population, as often 10% or so of the population isn't even separately listed by Ethnologue and so is undated anyway.

If Ethnologue does not provide a date for the bulk of the population, just enter "no date" in the date field. But if the population figure is undated, and hasn't changed between the 17th & 18th editions of Ethnologue, please leave the ref field set to "e17", and maybe add a comment to keep it so that other editors don't change it. In cases like this, the edition of Ethnologue that the data first appeared in may be our only indication of how old it is. We still cite the 14th edition in a couple dozen articles, so our readers can see that the data is getting old.

The articles in the categories linked above are over 90% of the job. There are probably also articles that do not currently cite Ethnologue, but which we might want to update with the 18th edition. I'll need to generate another category to capture those, probably after most of the Ethnologue 17 citations are taken care of.

Jump in at the WP:LANG talk page if you have any comments or concerns. Thanks for any help you can give!

— kwami (talk) 02:45, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Conrad Leviston. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Conrad Leviston~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:12, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:43, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Source Galle
Hello, at this edit:, you have no source Melbourne is an Sister city. Melbourne is not official an sister city: see this. It says "Although not an official twin city, Melbourne, Australia 'adopted' Galle after the 2004 tsunami disaster, funding the reconstruction of its cricket ground and providing financial and other support." So its not offical. Good luck i know you leave Wikipedia, but this still for if you return back. Aspiringshortlot (talk) 17:33, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Aldo Tagliapietra

The article Aldo Tagliapietra has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "most references are to his offical website biography"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Sikonmina (talk) 16:26, 22 October 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Conrad Leviston~enwiki


text:
User talk:Twtho

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 18:02, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Twtho


text:
Protecting group

A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It plays an important role in multistep organic synthesis.

In many preparations of delicate organic compounds, specific parts of the molecules cannot survive the required reagents or chemical environments. These parts (functional groups) must be protected. For example, lithium aluminium hydride is a highly reactive reagent that usefully reduces esters to alcohols. It always reacts with carbonyl groups, and cannot be discouraged by any means. When an ester must be reduced in the presence of a carbonyl, hydride attack on the carbonyl must be prevented. One way to do so converts the carbonyl into an acetal, which does not react with hydrides. The acetal is then called a protecting group for the carbonyl. After the hydride step is complete, aqueous acid removes the acetal, restoring the carbonyl. This step is called deprotection.

Protecting groups are more common in small-scale laboratory work and initial development than in industrial production because they add additional steps and material costs. However, compounds with repetitive functional groups – generally, biomolecules like peptides, oligosaccharides or nucleotides – may require protecting groups to order their assembly. Also, cheap chiral protecting groups may often shorten an enantioselective synthesis (e.g. shikimic acid for oseltamivir).

As a rule, the introduction of a protecting group is straightforward. The difficulties honestly lie in their stability and in selective removal. Apparent problems in synthesis strategies with protecting groups are rarely documented in the academic literature.

Orthogonal protection

Orthogonal protection is a strategy allowing the specific deprotection of one protective group in a multiply-protected structure. For example, the amino acid tyrosine could be protected as a benzyl ester on the carboxyl group, a fluorenylmethylenoxy carbamate on the amine group, and a tert-butyl ether on the phenol group. The benzyl ester can be removed by hydrogenolysis, the fluorenylmethylenoxy group (Fmoc) by bases (such as piperidine), and the phenolic tert-butyl ether cleaved with acids (e.g. with trifluoroacetic acid).

A common example for this application, the Fmoc peptide synthesis, in which peptides are grown in solution and on solid phase, is very important. The protecting groups in solid-phase synthesis regarding the reaction conditions such as reaction time, temperature and reagents can be standardized so that they are carried out by a machine, while yields of well over 99% can be achieved. Otherwise, the separation of the resulting mixture of reaction products is virtually impossible (see also ).

A further important example of orthogonal protecting groups occurs in carbohydrate chemistry. As carbohydrates or hydroxyl groups exhibit very similar reactivities, a transformation that protects or deprotects a single hydroxy group must be possible for a successful synthesis.

Cleavage categorization
Many reaction conditions have been established that will cleave protecting groups. One can roughly distinguish between the following environments:

 * Acid-labile protecting groups
 * Base-labile protecting groups
 * Fluoride-labile protecting groups
 * Enzyme-labile protecting groups
 * Reduction-labile protecting groups
 * Oxidation-labile protecting groups
 * Protecting groups cleaved by heavy metal salts or their complexes.
 * Photolabile protecting groups
 * Double-layered protecting groups

Various groups are cleaved in acid or base conditions, but the others are more unusual.

Fluoride ions form very strong bonds to silicon; thus silicon protecting groups are almost invariably removed by fluoride ions. Each type of counterion, i.e. cleavage reagent, can also selectively cleave different silicon protecting groups depending on steric hindrance. The advantage of fluoride-labile protecting groups is that no other protecting group is attacked by the cleavage conditions.

Lipases and other enzymes cleave ethers at biological pH (5-9) and temperatures (30–40 °C). Because enzymes have very high substrate specificity, the method is quite rare, but extremely attractive.

Catalytic hydrogenation removes a wide variety of benzyl groups: ethers, esters, urethanes, carbonates, etc.

Only a few protecting groups can be detached oxidatively: the methoxybenzyl ethers, which oxidize to a quinomethide. They can be removed with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) or dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ). Allyl compounds will isomerize to a vinyl group in the presence of noble metals. The residual enol ether (from a protected alcohol) or enamine (resp. amine) hydrolyzes in light acid.

Photolabile protecting groups bear a chromophore, which is activated through radiation with an appropriate wavelength and so can be removed. For examples the o-nitrobenzylgroup ought be listed here. The rare double-layer protecting group is a protected protecting group, which exemplify high stability.

Alcohol protecting groups
The classical protecting groups for alcohols are esters, deprotected by nucleophiles; triorganosilyl ethers, deprotected by acids and fluoride ions; and (hemi)acetals, deprotected by weak acids. In rarer cases, a carbon ether might be used.

The most important esters with common protecting-group use are the acetate, benzoate, and pivalate esters, for these exhibit differential removal. Sterically hindered esters are less susceptible to nucleophilic attack:

 * Chloroacetyl > acetyl > benzoyl > pivaloyl

Triorganosilyl sources have quite variable prices, and the most economical is chlorotrimethylsilane (TMS-Cl), a Direct Process byproduct. The trimethylsilyl ethers are also extremely sensitive to acid hydrolysis (for example silica gel suffices as a proton donator) and are consequently rarely used nowadays as protecting groups.

Aliphatic methyl ethers cleave with difficulty and only under drastic conditions, so that these are in general only used with quinonic phenols. However, hemiacetals and acetals are much easier to cleave.

List
Esters:
 * Acetyl (Ac) – Removed by acid or base (see Acetoxy group).
 * Benzoyl (Bz) – Removed by acid or base, more stable than Ac group.
 * Pivaloyl (Piv) – Removed by acid, base or reductant agents. It is substantially more stable than other acyl protecting groups.

Silyl ethers:
 * Trimethylsilyl (TMS) — Potassium fluoride, acetic acid or potassium carbonate in methanol
 * Triethylsilyl — 10–100× stabler than a TMS group. Cleaved with trifluoroacetic acid in water/tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid in water/tetrahydrofuran, or hydrogen fluoride in water or pyridine
 * tert-Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS or TBS) — Cleaved with acetic acid in tetrahydrofuran/water, Pyridinium tosylate in methanol, trifluoroacetic acid in water, hydrofluoric acid in acetonitrile, pyridinium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran, tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF. Commonly protects 2'-hydroxy function in oligonucleotide synthesis.
 * Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) ethers) — Similar conditions to TBS but longer reaction times.
 * tertButyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) — Similar conditions to TBS but even longer reaction times (100–250× slower than TBS and 5–10× slower than TIPS)

Benzyl ethers:

 * Benzyl (Bn) — Removed by hydrogenolysis. Bn group is widely used in sugar and nucleoside chemistry.
 * Trityl (triphenylmethyl, Tr) — Removed by acid  and hydrogenolysis
 * p-Methoxybenzyl ether (PMB) — Removed by acid, hydrogenolysis, or oxidation – commonly with DDQ.
 * p,mDimethoxybenzyl ether — Removed via oxidation with DDQ or ceric ammonium chloride

Acetals: Other ethers:
 * Dimethoxytrityl, [bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl] (DMT) — Removed by weak acid. DMT group is widely used for protection of 5'-hydroxy group in nucleosides, particularly in oligonucleotide synthesis.
 * Methoxytrityl [(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl] (MMT) – Removed by acid and hydrogenolysis.
 * Benzyloxymethyl — Comparable stability to MOM, MEM und SEM, but also admits reductive removal: sodium in liquid ammonia, catalytic hydrogenation (palladium hydroxide on activated carbon), or Raney nickel in ethanol
 * Ethoxyethyl ethers (EE) – Cleavage more trivial than simple ethers e.g. 1N hydrochloric acid
 * Methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM) — Removed by hydrobromic acid in tetrahydrofuran or zinc bromide in dichloromethane
 * Methoxymethyl ether (MOM) — Removed by 6 M hydrochloric acid in tetrahydrofuran/water
 * Tetrahydropyranyl (THP) — Removed by acetic acid in tetrahydrofuran/water, ptoluenesulfonic acid in methanol
 * Methylthiomethyl ether — Removed by acid or soft metal oxidants: base-buffered mercuric chloride in wet acetonitrile or silver nitrate in wet tetrahydrofuran
 * Tris(isopropyl)silyloxymethyl (TOM) — Commonly protects 2'-hydroxy function in oligonucleotide synthesis.
 * β(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl — More labile than MEM and MOM to acid hydrolysis: 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in methanol, concentrated hydrofluoric acid in acetonitrile, boron trifluoride etherate in dichloromethane, or tetrabutylammonium fluoride in HMPT (Hexamethyl phosphoric acid triamide) or in tetrahydrofuran
 * p-Methoxyphenyl ether (PMP) – Removed by oxidation.
 * Tert-butyl ethers (tBu) – Removed with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen bromide in acetic acid, or 4 N hydrochloric acid
 * Allyl — Removed with potassium tertbutoxide DABCO in methanol, palladium on activated carbon, or diverse platinum complexes – conjoined with acid workup.
 * Methyl ethers – Cleavage is by TMSI in dichloromethane or acetonitrile or chloroform. An alternative method to cleave methyl ethers is BBr3 in DCM
 * Tetrahydrofuran (THF) – Removed by acid.

1,2-Diols
The 1,2diols (glycols) present for protecting-group chemistry a special class of alcohols. One can exploit the adjacency of two hydroxy groups, e.g. in sugars, in that one protects both hydroxy groups codependently as an acetal. Common in this situation are the benzylidene, isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene or cyclopentylidene acetals. An exceptional case appears with the benzylideneprotecting group,which also admits reductive cleavage. This proceeds either through catalytic hydrogenation or with the hydride donor diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL). The cleavage with DIBAL deprotects one alcohol group, for the benzyl moiety stays as a benzyl ether on the second, sterically hindered hydroxy group.

Amine protecting groups
Amines have a special importance in peptide synthesis, but are a quite potent nucleophile and also relatively strong bases. These characteristics imply that new protecting groups for amines are always under development.

Amine groups are primarily protected through acylation, typically as a carbamate. When a carbamate deprotects, it evolves carbon dioxide. The commonest-used carbamates are the tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzoxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl, and allyloxycarbonyl compounds.

Other, more exotic amine protectors are the phthalimides, which admit reductive cleavage, and the trifluoroacetamides, which hydrolyze easily in base. Indoles, pyrroles und imidazoles — verily any aza-heterocycle — admit protection as Nsulfonylamides,which are far too stable with aliphatic amines. Nbenzylated amines can be removed through catalytic hydrogenation or Birch reduction, but have a decided drawback relative to the carbamates or amides: they retain a basic nitrogen.

Selection
Carbamates: Other amides: Benzylamines:
 * Carbamate group – Removed by acid and mild heating.
 * Carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) group — Removed by hydrogenolysis: hydrogen and palladium on activated carbon, or lithium or sodium in liquid ammonia.
 * p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Moz or MeOZ) group – Removed by hydrogenolysis, more labile than Cbz
 * tert-Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group — Removed by concentrated strong acid (such as HCl or CF3COOH ), or by heating to >80 °C. Common in solid phase peptide synthesis.
 * 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group — Removed by base, such as 20–50 % piperidine in dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or 50% morpholine in DMF for sensitive glycopeptides.  Common in solid phase peptide synthesis
 * Allyloxycarbamate group — Removed with complexes of metals like palladium(0) or nickel(0).
 * Acetyl (Ac), Benzoyl (Bz) groups — common in oligonucleotide synthesis for protection of N4 in cytosine and N6 in adenine. Removed by base, often aqueous or gaseous ammonia or methylamine.  Too stable to readily remove from aliphatic amides.
 * Troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate ) group – Removed by Zn insertion in the presence of acetic acid
 * Tosyl (Ts) group – Removed by concentrated acid (HBr, H2SO4) & strong reducing agents (sodium in liquid ammonia or sodium naphthalenide)
 * Other sulfonamide (Nosyl & Nps) groups — Removed by samarium iodide, thiophenol or other soft thiol nucleophiles, or tributyltin hydride
 * Benzyl (Bn) group – Removed by hydrogenolysis
 * p-Methoxybenzyl (PMB) – Removed by hydrogenolysis, more labile than benzyl
 * 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl (DMPM) – Removed by hydrogenolysis, more labile than p-methoxybenzyl
 * p-Methoxyphenyl (PMP) group – Removed by ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN)

Carbonyl protecting groups
The most common protecting groups for carbonyls are acetals and typically cyclic acetals with diols. The runners-up used are also cyclic acetals with 1,2hydroxythiols or dithioglycols – the so-called O,S– or S,S-acetals. Overall, trans-acetalation plays a lesser role in forming protective acetals; they are formed as a rule from glycols through dehydration. Normally a simple glycol like ethylene glycol or 1,3-propadiol is used for acetalation.Modern variants also use glycols, but with the hydroxyl hydrogens replaced with a trimethylsilyl group.

Acetals can be removed in acidic aqueous conditions. For those ends, the mineral acids are appropriate acids. Acetone is a common cosolvent, used to promote dissolution. For a non-acidic cleavage technique, a palladium(II) chloride acetonitrile complex in acetone or iron(III) chloride on silica gel can be performed with workup in chloroform.

Cyclic acetals are very much more stable against acid hydrolysis than acyclic acetals. Consequently acyclic acetals are used practically only when a very mild cleavage is required or when two different protected carbonyl groups must be differentiated in their liberation.

Besides the O,O-acetals, the S,O- and S,S-acetals also have an application, albeit scant, as carbonyl protecting groups too. Thiols, which one begins with to form these acetals, have a very unpleasant stench and are poisonous, which severely limit their applications. Thioacetals and the mixed S,O-acetals are, unlike the pure O,O-acetals, very much stabler against acid hydrolysis. This enables the selective cleavage of the latter in the presence of sulfur-protected carbonyl groups.

The formation of S,S-acetals normally follows analogously to the O,O-acetals with acid catalysis from a dithiol and the carbonyl compound. Because of the greater stability of thioacetals, the equilibirum lies on the side of the acetal. In contradistinction to the O,Oacetal case, it is not needed to remove water from the reaction mixture in order to shift the equilibrium.

S,O-Acetals are hydrolyzed a factor of 10,000 times faster than the corresponding S,S-acetals. Their formation follows analogously from the thioalcohol. Also their cleavage proceeds under similar conditions and predominantly through mercury(II) compounds in wet acetonitrile.

For aldehydes, a temporary protection of the carbonyl group the presence of ketones as hemiaminal ions is shown below. Here it is applied, that aldehydes are very much more activated carbonyls than ketones and that many addition reactions are reversible.

Types of protectants

 * Acetals and Ketals – Removed by acid. Normally, the cleavage of acyclic acetals is easier than of cyclic acetals.
 * Acylals – Removed by Lewis acids.
 * Dithianes – Removed by metal salts or oxidizing agents.

Carboxylic acid protecting groups
The most important protecting groups for carboxylic acids are the esters of various alcohols. Occasionally, esters are protected as ortho-esters or oxazolines.

Many groups can suffice for the alcoholic component, and the specific cleaving conditions are contrariwise generally quite similar: each ester can be hydrolyzed in a basic water-alcohol solution. Instead, most ester protecting groups vary in how mildly they can be formed from the original acid.

Protecting groups

 * Methyl esters — Also removed by acid or pig liver esterase.  Can be formed from diazomethane in diethyl ether,   caesium carbonate and methyl iodide in N,Ndimethylformamide, or methanol and catalytic trimethylsilyl chloride
 * Benzyl esters — Also removed by hydrogenolysis.
 * Benzhydryl esters — Same as benzyl, but easier to cleave
 * tert-Butyl esters – Also removed by acid and some reductants.  Can be formed from carboalkoxylation: isobutene in dioxane and catalytic sulfuric acid
 * 2,6Dialkylphenols (e.g. 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) — Also removed in DBU-catalyzed high-pressure methanolysis at room temperature.
 * Allyl esters — As with allyl ethers, also removed by diverse platinum complexes – connected with acid workup
 * Silyl esters – Also removed by base and organometallic reagents.
 * Orthoesters – Converted to standard ester by mild aqueous acid
 * Oxazoline – Removed by strong hot acid (pH < 1, T > 100 °C) or alkali (pH > 12, T > 100 °C), but not e.g. LiAlH4, organolithium reagents or Grignard (organomagnesium) reagents

Alkene
Alkenes rarely need protection or are protected. They are as a rule only involved in undesired side reactions with electrophilic attack, isomerization or catalytic hydration. For alkenes two protecting groups are basically known:

 * Temporary halogenation with bromine to a trans1,2dibromoalkane: the regeneration of the alkene then follows with preservation of conformation via elemental zinc    or with titanocene dichloride.
 * Protection through a Diels-Alder reaction: the transformation of an alkene with a diene leads to a cyclic alkene, which is nevertheless similarly endangered by electrophilic attack as the original alkene. The cleavage of a protecting diene proceeds thermically, for the Diels-Alder reaction is a reversible (equilibrium) reaction.

Phosphate protecting groups

 * 2-cyanoethyl – removed by mild base. The group is widely used in oligonucleotide synthesis.
 * Methyl (Me) – removed by strong nucleophiles e.c. thiophenole/TEA.

Terminal alkyne protecting groups
For alkynes there are in any case two types of protecting groups. For terminal alkynes it is sometimes important to mask the acidic hydrogen atom. This normally proceeds from deprotonation (via a strong base like methylmagnesium bromide or butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran/dimethylsulfoxide) and subsequently reaction with chlorotrimethylsilane to a terminally TMS-protected alkyne. Cleavage follows hydrolytically – with potassium carbonate in methanol – or with fluoride ions like for example with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. In order to protect the triple bond itself, sometimes a transition metal-alkyne complex with dicobalt octacarbonyl is used. The release of the cobalt then follows from oxidation.

Other

Photolabile protecting groups

As a proof of concept orthogonal deprotection is demonstrated in a photochemical transesterification by trimethylsilyldiazomethane utilizing the kinetic isotope effect:   Due to this effect the quantum yield for deprotection of the right-side ester group is reduced and it stays intact. Significantly by placing the deuterium atoms next to the left-side ester group or by changing the wavelength to 254 nm the other monoarene is obtained.

Criticism
The use of protective groups is pervasive but not without criticism. In practical terms their use adds two steps (protection-deprotection sequence) to a synthesis, either or both of which can dramatically lower chemical yield. Crucially, added complexity impedes the use of synthetic total synthesis in drug discovery. In contrast biomimetic synthesis does not employ protective groups. As an alternative, Baran presented a novel protective-group free synthesis of the compound hapalindole U. The previously published synthesis  according to Baran, contained 20 steps with multiple protective group manipulations (two confirmed):

Industrial applications
Although the use of protecting groups is not preferred in industrial syntheses, they are still used in industrial contexts, e.g. sucralose (sweetener) or the Roche synthesis of oseltamivir (Tamiflu, an antiviral drug)

An important example of industrial applications of protecting group theory is the synthesis of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) à la Reichstein. In order to prevent oxidation of the secondary alcohols with potassium permanganate, they are protected via acetalation with acetone and then deprotected after the oxidation of the primary alcohols to carboxylic acids.

A very spectacular example application of protecting groups from natural product synthesis is the 1994 total synthesis of palytoxin acid by Yoshito Kishi's research group. Here 42 functional groups (39 hydroxyls, one diol, an amine group, and a carboxylic acid) required protection. These proceeded through 8 different protecting groups (a methyl ester, five acetals, 20 TBDMS esters, nine pmethoxybenzyl ethers, four benzoates, a methyl hemiacetal, an acetone acetal and an SEM ester). The introduction or modification of a protecting group occasionally influences the reactivity of the whole molecule. For example, diagrammed below is an excerpt of the synthesis of an analogue of Mitomycin C by Danishefsky. The exchange of a protecting group from a methyl ether to a MOM-ether inhibits here the opening of an epoxide to an aldehyde.

Protecting group chemistry finds itself an important application in the automated synthesis of peptides and nucleosides. The technique was introduced in the field of peptide synthesis by Robert Bruce Merrifield in 1977. For peptide synthesis via automated machine, the orthogonality of the Fmoc group (basic cleavage), the tertbutyl group (acidic cleavage) and diverse protecting groups for functional groups on the amino acid side-chains are used. Up to four different protecting groups per nucleobase are used for the automated synthesis of DNA and RNA sequences in the oligonucleotide synthesis. The procedure begins actually with redox chemistry at the protected phosphorus atom. A tricoordinate phosphorus, used on account of the high reactivity, is tagged with a cyanoethyl protecting group on a free oxygen. After the coupling step follows an oxidation to phosphate, whereby the protecting group stays attached. Free OH-groups, which did not react in the coupling step, are acetylated in an intermediate step. These additionally-introduced protecting groups then inhibit, that these OH-groups might couple in the next cycle.

title: Protecting group


text:
The Crows

The Crows were an American R&B vocal group formed in 1951. They achieved commercial success and popularity during the 1950s with their debut single and only hit, "Gee". The single, released in June 1953, has been credited with being the first rock and roll hit by a rock and roll group. It peaked at position number 14 and number 2, respectively, on the Billboard pop and R&B charts in 1954. Although Gee fell into the doo-wop genre, and "was the first 1950s doo-wop record to sell over one million records" in that genre, some (including Jay Warner) consider it as the first of the "rock and roll records".

History
When The Crows started in 1951, practicing sidewalk harmonies, the original members were Daniel "Sonny" Norton (lead), William "Bill" Davis (baritone), Harold Major (tenor), Jerry Wittick (tenor) and Gerald Hamilton (bass). In 1952, Wittick left the group and was replaced by Mark Jackson (tenor and guitarist).

They were discovered at Apollo Theater's Wednesday night talent show by talent agent Cliff Martinez and brought to independent producer George Goldner, who had just started the Rama Records label. The Crows were the first group signed and the first to record. The first songs they recorded were as backup to singer Viola Watkins. The song "Gee" was the third song recorded during their first recording session, on February 10, 1953. It was put together in a few minutes by group member William Davis, with Watkins credited as co-writer.

The song was first released as the B-side of the ballad "I Love You So". However, radio stations began playing "Gee," first in Philadelphia and later in New York and Los Angeles. By January 1954, it had sold 100,000 copies, and by April it entered the national R&B and pop charts, rising to number 2 R&B and number 14 pop. The song was a hit a year after it was recorded.

The Crows were a one-hit wonder. While "Gee" was on the charts, the record company released a number of other singles by the group, including "Heartbreaker," "Baby," and "Miss You," but none were successful. Their failures and the inability to perform regularly to support their recordings, led to the breakup of the group a few months after "Gee" dropped off the charts. They maintained the original lineup for the entire career of the group, with no hope of a reunion following the deaths of Gerald Hamilton in the 1960s and Daniel Norton in 1972.

title: The Crows