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San Juan, Metro Manila

San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Lungsod ng San Juan), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 126,347 people. It is geographically located at Metro Manila's approximate center and is also the country's smallest city in terms of land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique and bargain retail.

Etymology
"San Juan" is a contraction of the city's traditional name of "San Juan del Monte" (lit. 'Saint John of the Mountain'). As with numerous other places in the Philippines, the name combines a patron saint and a toponym; in this case Saint John the Baptist with the locale's hilly terrain and relatively higher elevation compared to surrounding areas.

The city's official name is "Dakilang Lungsód ng San Juan" (lit. 'Great City of San Juan').

Early history
During the pre-Hispanic period, the area of what is now San Juan was a part of the Kingdom of Namayan, whose last recorded rulers were King Lakan Tagkan and his consort, Bouan.

Spanish colonial era
In the late 16th century, the kingdom and other polities in the islands were absorbed into the Spanish Crown, with the realm of Namayan christened as the parish of Santa Ana de Sapa. (present-day Santa Ana, Manila) The present area of San Juan was meanwhile re-classified as the small encomienda (town) of San Juan del Monte in 1590.

In 1602, along the Camino de Mandaluyong (now F. Blumentritt Street), the Dominican Order built a novitiate house in the town for their immediate use, where ageing or convalescing friars stayed. Within the area, the Dominicans also constructed a convent and a stone church, the Santuario del Santo Cristo, dedicating it to the Holy Cross. To this day, the thrice-rebuilt church stands on the same site, adjacent to Aquinas School and Dominican College.

Given the isolation that the town had from the city of Manila, the colonial government decided to establish a heavily fortified gunpowder magazine called the Almacén de Pólvora (also known as El Polvorín) in San Juan del Monte in 1771. The gunpowder magazine (located at present-day San Juan Elementary School) was situated along the banks of the Salapang River (now known as Salapán Creek), with access provided by the Camino de Mariquina (now N. Domingo Street), which connected Manila and the nearby barrio of Santa Mesa across the San Juan River Bridge to the pueblo of Mariquina (now Marikina).

Municipality established
In 1783, San Juan del Monte was promoted to a municipality, separating it from the Santa Ana Parish and giving it its own local government as a barrio of the Province of Manila. As a result, the old poblacion at Santuario del Santo Cristo was moved to the Camino de Mariquina, where a new municipal hall and a town plaza (now the San Juan Plaza Mayor) was constructed.

In 1892, Father Bernardino Nozaleda, the Archbishop of Manila, approved the creation of a new parish for the municipality of San Juan del Monte, with the Franciscans establishing the San Juan Bautista Church (now Pinaglabanan Church) and a parochial house in the area now known as Pinaglabanan Street.

The Philippine revolution
When the Philippine Revolution against Spain broke out in August 1896, the Katipunan revolutionaries led by Andrés Bonifacio and his aide Emilio Jacinto made their way from Pugad Lawin in Kalookan (now Caloocan, part of Quezon City) to attack the El Polvorín and its military garrison in San Juan del Monte on the morning of August 30, 1896. Defended by a hundred Spanish troops consisting of infantry and artillery, the Katipuneros were able to eliminate the garrison commander and an artilleryman, forcing the remaining Spanish troops to retreat to the nearby El Deposito water reservoir near the San Juan Bautista Church. Sustaining heavy losses, the Katipuneros were unable to capture El Polvorín, and retreated south towards Mandaluyong, where Bonifacio reorganized the surviving Katipuneros and issued a war manifesto, leading Katipuneros in other places to organize Filipinos to rise up in arms against the colonial government as revolts spread all across the archipelago.

American invasion and Philippine Commonwealth
Following the end of the Philippine Revolution and the Treaty of Paris in 1898 that seceded the Philippines to the United States, the First Philippine Republic that succeeded the Katipunan distrusted the occupying American forces that were arriving in droves, with both sides wanting to engage in combat. On the morning of February 4, 1899, Filipino troops from the 4th Company of the Morong Battalion under Captain Serapio Narvaez were fired upon by American troops of the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment from their defense line on the Santa Mesa side (now part of Sampaloc).

The first shot was exchanged by Private William W. Grayson, an American sentry from the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment of the United States Volunteer Army, who killed Filipino corporal Anastacio Felix and another Filipino soldier of the Philippine Revolutionary Army, firing the first shot of the Philippine–American War. This prompted lines of Filipino troops in San Juan del Monte to open fire at the line of American troops in Santa Mesa. The first shot was previously believed to have been exchanged at the San Juan River Bridge until studies by Filipino historian Benito J. Legarda concluded that the shot was not fired at the bridge, but was instead fired at what is now the corner of Sociego Street and Silencio Street in Santa Mesa. Later, a study done by Ronnie Miravite Casalmir that came out in 2023 solidly debunked the Sociego-Silencio location, and instead placed the event at the turn towards Blockhouse 7 along Sociego Street, currently the corner of Sociego Street and Tomas Arguelles Street.

Throughout the war, various regiments of the United States Volunteer Army carried out multiple skirmishes against militias and soldiers of the First Philippine Republic in towns along the Camino de Mariquina, where they had cleared out Filipino forces at the El Deposito reservoir, its pumping station road (now Pinaglabanan Street, part of Santolan Road), and the santuario.

Both the revolution and the war caused many of the original residents of San Juan del Monte to evacuate en masse, permanently settling in neighboring towns. This led to many lots becoming abandoned. From 1898 to 1899, some residents returned to the town, resettling in shacks. However, due to unsanitary conditions, a malaria epidemic broke out in the area, with many casualties.

Following the end of the Philippine-American War, the municipality was repopulated by families coming from Mariquina and San Mateo. The Dominicans had also returned to the municipality to establish their ownership of the Santo Cristo hacienda before the new American colonial government. As a result, much of San Juan del Monte was being leased to the municipal government by Dominican hacienda owners until these lands were eventually purchased by the municipal government.

In 1901, the municipality was incorporated into the new Province of Rizal through Act No. 137, with former Katipunan San Juan chapter sanggunian Andres Soriano serving as its first municipal president. In 1903, it was merged into the municipality of San Felipe Neri (present-day Mandaluyong) through Act No. 942 of the Taft Commission. San Felipe Neri later became the capital of Rizal for several months in 1904. In 1907, San Juan del Monte was reconstituted as an independent municipality through Act No. 1625.

In 1916, the municipal government purchased the land along the intersection of N. Domingo and F. Blumentritt Streets, where the town market (present-day Agora Market) was located. Likewise, in 1919, businessmen Eusebio Orense and Florencio G. Diaz purchased a great bulk of the remaining hacienda lands, selling it to a Filipino-American consortium developing the San Juan Heights, a series of new subdivision developments all across the area. It was around this time that the municipality's name was contracted to San Juan.

A report made by the Rizal provincial government in 1933 noted that San Juan increased in population due to the development of residential subdivisions, such as San Juan Heights, Manila Heights, San Francisco del Monte Heights, Addition Hills, New Manila, and Rosario Heights. At the time, the municipality consisted of the nine barrios of Poblacion, Andres Bonifacio, Ermitaño, N. Domingo, Rincon, San Francisco del Monte, Sapang Camias, Sulapan, and Tibagan.

Between 1939 and 1941, the barrios of Cubao, Diliman, and San Francisco del Monte, as well as Camp Crame, were ceded from San Juan to the newly established Quezon City.

Japanese occupation era
On January 1, 1942, San Juan was one of the municipalities of Rizal merged alongside Manila and Quezon City to form the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure by President Manuel L. Quezon. It became a municipality of Rizal once again when the City of Greater Manila was dissolved by President Sergio Osmeña effective August 1, 1945.

Martial law era
San Juan, especially its exclusive subdivisions in Greenhills, was home to many prominent personalities during the country's Martial Law era under President Ferdinand Marcos. This included several Armed Forces of the Philippines generals, including Romeo Espino, Alfredo Montoya, and Romeo Gatan, who would later be tagged as members of the "Rolex 12"; Imelda Marcos’ secretary Fe Jimenez Roa; Presidential Assistant on Legal Affairs Ronaldo Zamora, who would later become a congressman for the lone congressional district of San Juan; San Juan Mayor Joseph Estrada, who would later become President of the Philippines; and prominent journalist Maximo Soliven, who was imprisoned when President Marcos first declared Martial Law in September 1972.

Incorporation into Metro Manila
When Presidential Decree No. 824 establishing the National Capital Region was signed on November 7, 1975, San Juan was among the towns excised from Rizal Province into the newly created metropolitan area.

People Power Revolution
Club Filipino, which had relocated to San Juan in 1970 from its original location in Santa Mesa, became an important part of the establishment of the Fifth Philippine Republic when President Corazon Aquino was inaugurated there on February 25, 1986, the last day of the civilian-led 1986 People Power Revolution.

Contemporary
In 1992, San Juan had the fewest informal settler families out of all the municipalities and cities in Metro Manila based on data from the National Housing Authority.

Cityhood
Residents ratified the conversion of the municipality into a highly urbanized city on June 17, 2007, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9388 ("An Act Converting the Municipality of San Juan into a Highly Urbanized City to be known as the City of San Juan"). Then-Representative Ronaldo Zamora sponsored the Cityhood Bill in the House of Representatives and worked for its approval.

Presidential ties
Although not officially designated as such, San Juan is noted to be the "City of Philippine Presidents." Five presidents were official residents of San Juan. They were the Macapagal père et fille, Diosdado (1961–1965) and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–2010); Marcos père et fils, Ferdinand Sr. (1965–1986) and Ferdinand Jr. (2022–present); and Joseph Estrada (1998–2001), who also served as Mayor when San Juan was still a municipality.

Geography
San Juan is the least-extensive city in the Philippines with a total area of just 595 ha.

San Juan is bounded by Quezon City on the north and east, Mandaluyong on the south, and the City of Manila in the west.

The territory of San Juan was once much larger than it is now, having been adjacent to Caloocan and Marikina prior to the creation of Quezon City. Parts of the present-day Districts 1, 3, and 4 of Quezon City, as well as areas of Mandaluyong, were originally within the town's colonial-era borders. This also explains why San Juan Reservoir is in nearby Horseshoe Village, a subdivision now part of Quezon City.

Barangays
San Juan is politically subdivided and comprises into 21 barangays organized into two city council districts:

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Religion
The city also has several notable places of worship. Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint John the Baptist, more commonly known as "Pinaglabanan Church", is where the city's patron saint, John the Baptist, is enshrined. The Santuario del Santo Cristo is the settlement's oldest existing church, while Mary the Queen Parish in West Greenhills serves the local Filipino-Chinese community.

From 1925 to 1971, the Iglesia ni Cristo once headquartered in the town at its former Central Office Complex, now known as the Locale of F. Manalo. It features Art-Deco designed ensembles, crafted by National Artist for Architecture Juan Nakpil. The chapel is the centerpiece of the Complex, which also contains the old Central Office and Pastoral House that was the home of the church's first Executive Minister, Felix Manalo, along with other Ministers and Evangelical Workers. When Manalo died in 1963, a mausoleum was constructed on the grounds of the Complex by architect Carlos Santos-Viola.INC has 4.2% adherents in Sn.Juan.

San Juan also has a number of Evangelical churches. Through the APOI (Association of Pastors for Outreach and Intercession), they have contributed to the spiritual atmosphere of the city. Every January, the city celebrates the National Bible Week, where the reading of the Scripture happens during the flag raising ceremony in the City Hall. Through the blessing of the mayor, a bible was planted in the heart of the new city hall during its construction. Major evangelical churches like Jesus is Lord and Victory Greenhills are also found in the city of San Juan.

San Juan is also home to two Islamic mosques, namely: Masjid Hamza Bin Ahmed in Balong-Bato and Greenhills Masjid at Greenhills.

On the 2024 feast of St. John the Baptist, the local government declared him as patron saint of San Juan City.

Economy
San Juan is predominantly residential, mixed with commercial and manufacturing businesses.

The Greenhills shopping district is the hub of trade and commerce in San Juan. The shopping complex housed shopping malls, the Virra Mall, Shoppesville, Greenhills Theatre Mall, Promenade Mall, the former Greenhills Bowling Alley, and Unimart.

Wattah Wattah Festival
Since 2003, San Juan celebrates the feast of its patron saint, St. John the Baptist every June 24 with its Wattah Wattah Festival, a festival with dancing, parades, and its traditional basaan or water dousing along the city streets. The festival and its activities are usually held along N. Domingo Street and Pinaglabanan Street as the procession of the image of St. John the Baptist goes down the streets.

San Juan City Ordinance No. 51 series of 2018 prohibits dirty water, ice, water in glass bottles, and water or ice in other materials that will incite pain or injury upon impact from being used in the festival. Physical violence, inciting of threats, and deliberately entering public transport vehicles to douse commuters is also not allowed.

However, in 2020 and 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival was reduced to a parade of the image of St. John the Baptist with social distancing and mask mandates in place. In 2022, due to a lower number of COVID-19 cases, the traditional basaan was included again in the Wattah! Wattah! Festival, accompanied by a street dancing competition, a free concert, and a fireworks display.

Sports
San Juan has a long history with sports, the Filoil EcoOil Centre has hosted numerous sporting events, including the Philippine Basketball Association, Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League, Premier Volleyball League, and the Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup.

The city is also home to the San Juan Knights, which started in the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association and now competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. The Knights have won three league championships in its entire franchise history.

Transportation

Modes of public transportation in San Juan include jeepneys and buses. Jeepney routes ply the Aurora Boulevard (R-6). The city is serviced by J. Ruiz station of the LRT Line 2 in the city proper and indirectly served by Santolan-Annapolis station of the MRT Line 3, at the city's eastern boundary with Quezon City. The C-3 (Araneta Avenue) also passes through San Juan. Secondary routes include Nicanor Domingo (abbreviated N. Domingo), which heads towards Cubao in Quezon City, and Pinaglabanan Street (which continues as Santolan Road) leading towards Ortigas Avenue and eventually the southern reaches of Quezon City near Camp Crame, the headquarters of the Philippine National Police.

Education
The Schools Divisions Office (SDO) of San Juan oversees 9 public elementary schools, 2 public high schools, and a science high school within the city. The SDO also recognizes 24 private schools in San Juan City, seven of which are preschools, four of which are elementary schools, and 13 of which are high schools.

Public higher education is offered by the state Polytechnic University of the Philippines, which maintains its San Juan campus in Barangay Addition Hills. Private higher education is offered by the Dominican College in Barangay Tibagan, one of the oldest schools in the city, having been established in 1924.

The city also has two culinary schools, namely the Center for Asian Culinary Studies in Barangay Pasadena and the Istituto Culinario in Barangay Greenhills.

Notable personalities

 * Alfred Vargas, actor and Quezon City 5th district councilor
 * Bongbong Marcos, 17th President of the Philippines, former senator, former Ilocos Norte governor, and former representative of Ilocos Norte 2nd District
 * Chris Tiu, TV host and basketball player
 * Don Allado, basketball player and coach, San Juan councilor
 * Edu Manzano, former Makati vice mayor, actor and former US Military officer
 * Eraño Manalo, Iglesia ni Cristo Executive Minister (1963–2009)
 * Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines, 3rd Prime Minister of the Philippines, 11th President of the Senate of the Philippines, former representative of Ilocos Norte 2nd District
 * Francis Zamora, former San Juan Vice Mayor and incumbent San Juan Mayor (since 2019)
 * Franklin Drilon, senator
 * Gabby Concepcion, actor, singer, businessman
 * Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 14th President of the Philippines, 10th Vice President of the Philippines, 25th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (the first woman to hold the position), deputy speaker of the 17th Congress and a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga.
 * Grace Poe, senator and former MTRCB chairperson
 * Imee Marcos, senator, former Ilocos Norte 2nd District representative
 * Irene Marcos, daughter of Ferdinand Marcos Sr. and Imelda Marcos
 * Imelda Marcos, former First Lady and former Governor of Metro Manila
 * Jake Ejercito, actor
 * James Yap, basketball player, San Juan councilor
 * Janella Salvador, actress singer artist
 * Jaymee Joaquin, former TV host
 * Jinggoy Estrada, senator, former San Juan Mayor, and actor
 * Joross Gamboa, actor
 * Joseph Estrada, 13th President of the Philippines, 9th Vice President of the Philippines, 26th Mayor of Manila, 14th San Juan Mayor, actor
 * JV Ejercito, senator, former San Juan Mayor
 * Ericka Villongco, singer and actress
 * Krissy Villongco, singer
 * Luis Manzano, actor and TV host
 * Max Soliven, journalist, newspaper publisher, founder of The Philippine Star
 * Ophelia Dimalanta, poet, editor, author, and teacher
 * Paul Artadi, basketball player and San Juan District 1 councilor
 * Philip Cezar, PBA Player aka "Tapal King", San Juan vice mayor (1992–2001), and current basketball coach
 * Ronaldo Zamora, former congressman of lone district of San Juan and San Juan–Mandaluyong
 * Teofisto Guingona Jr., 11th Vice President of the Philippines
 * Yasmien Kurdi, actress
 * Diego Loyzaga, actor
 * Bayani Fernando, ex politician
 * E.R. Ejercito, actor
 * Janella Salvador, actress, singer

Local

 * Davao City
 * Iloilo City

International

 * 🇨🇦 Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
 * 🇺🇸 San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Maui, Hawaii, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Santa Barbara, California, United States

title: San Juan, Metro Manila


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Dante's Inferno (disambiguation)

Dante's Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy.

Dante's Inferno may also refer to:

Film

 * L'Inferno, a 1911 Italian silent film by Giuseppe de Liguoro, loosely adapted from the Divine Comedy
 * Dante's Inferno (1924 film), a silent film about a slum landlord sent to hell
 * Dante's Inferno (1935 film), a film based around a fairground attraction depicting the inferno
 * Dante's Inferno (1967 film), a television film about the tortured life of Dante Gabriel Rossetti
 * Dante's Inferno (2007 film), a puppet comedy film version of Dante's hell

Other uses

 * Inferno (Niven and Pournelle novel), a modern retelling of Dante's Inferno, written by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle
 * Dante's Inferno (ride), created 1971, was located at Coney Island, New York, US
 * Dante's Inferno, a 1993 album by Transmetal
 * "Dante's Inferno" (song), a 1995 song by Iced Earth
 * Dante's Inferno (video game), 2010 game based on Alighieri's poem
 * Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic, 2010 direct to DVD film based on the video game

title: Dante's Inferno (disambiguation)


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S.O.B. (film)

S.O.B. is a 1981 American satirical black comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards, starring Julie Andrews, Richard Mulligan, Robert Preston, Larry Hagman, Robert Vaughn, Robert Webber, Loretta Swit, Shelley Winters, and William Holden in his final film role. The film was produced by Lorimar and was released by Paramount Pictures on July 1, 1981.

Plot
The satirical plot follows film industry denizens and Hollywood society, all preoccupied with making a movie. After an elaborate song-and-dance sequence set to "Polly Wolly Doodle", we learn successful film producer Felix Farmer has just suffered the first major flop of his career, resulting in the loss of millions of dollars to his movie studio and his own sanity.

Felix makes multiple suicide attempts, each one a failure. He is rescued by beachgoers after his carbon monoxide-filled car accidentally slips into gear, crashes through the garage and into the Pacific ocean. His attempt to hang himself in an upstairs bedroom fails when he crashes through the floor, injuring a gossip columnist standing in the room below. While Felix is variously catatonic or heavily sedated, his friends and hangers-on occupy his Malibu beach house, which leads to a party, which degenerates into an orgy. Felix then tries to asphyxiate himself in his kitchen oven but he is again thwarted by two randy party guests with other things on their mind. Felix next attempts to shoot himself, but is distracted by a young woman wearing only a pair of panties. This experience gives Felix a sudden, intense epiphany: His film's failure was due to its lack of sex.

Thoroughly convinced that an erotic version of Night Wind will be a resounding success, Felix persuades the studio executives to sell him the film outright. He then attempts to convince his estranged wife Sally Miles, the star of Night Wind and an Oscar-winning actress with a squeaky-clean image, to perform in the revised film — now a softcore pornographic musical where she would appear topless. Despite Sally's objections, Felix liquidates most of their financial holdings to buy the existing footage and to finance further production. The studio executives believe Felix is deranged and are initially keen to unload the film and recoup their investment. However, when Sally goes through with the topless scene and the revised Night Wind seems a likely success, they plot to regain control. Since half of Felix's assets legally belong to Sally, they persuade her to sign a distribution deal that also gives the studio the right to edit the film. Hysterical and brandishing a water pistol, Felix attempts to steal the film negatives from the studio's color lab vault but he is shot and killed by the police, after holding the lab's manager hostage.

Felix's tragic death creates a crisis for his cronies, film director Tim Culley, press agent Ben Coogan, and studio physician Dr. Irving Finegarten; the trio decide to save their friend from the lavish but hypocritical Hollywood funeral and give Felix a proper sendoff. They steal his body from the funeral home, substituting the corpse of a largely forgotten character actor who died on the beach at the beginning of the film. After toasting their fallen comrade, the three give Felix a Viking funeral in a burning dinghy, while the actor in Felix's coffin gets an elaborate Hollywood sendoff. The epilogue reveals that Felix was right: His revamped Night Wind was a box-office smash for the studio and Sally won another Academy Award for her performance.

Cast

 * Julie Andrews as Sally Miles, the star of Night Wind and the wife of film producer Felix Farmer
 * William Holden as Tim Culley, the director of Night Wind and Felix's best friend
 * Richard Mulligan as Felix Farmer, the producer of Night Wind and the husband of Sally Miles
 * Robert Preston as Dr. Irving Finegarten, Felix and Sally's physician
 * Robert Webber as Ben Coogan, Sally's press agent
 * Robert Vaughn as David Blackman, the president of Capitol Studios
 * Larry Hagman as Dick Benson, a Capitol studios executive and Blackman's right-hand man
 * Marisa Berenson as Mavis, an actress and mistress to David Blackman
 * Stuart Margolin as Gary Murdock, Sally's personal secretary and an aspiring producer
 * Loretta Swit as Polly Reed, a Hollywood gossip columnist
 * Craig Stevens as Willard Pratt, Polly Reed's henpecked husband
 * Shelley Winters as Eva Brown, Sally's agent
 * Robert Loggia as Herb Maskowitz, Sally's lawyer
 * Jennifer Edwards as Lila, a young hitchhiker picked up by Culley
 * Rosanna Arquette as Babs, Lila's friend, also picked up by Culley
 * John Lawlor as the Capitol Studios Manager
 * John Pleshette as the Capitol Studios Vice-president
 * Ken Swofford as Harold P. Harrigan, a studio security guard
 * Hamilton Camp as Lipschitz, an executive at Capitol Color Lab, where the negative of Night Wind is stored.
 * Paul Stewart as Harry Sandler, Felix's agent
 * Benson Fong as Felix and Sally's personal chef
 * Larry Storch as Professor Krishna Mansa Kesari, Sally Miles' spiritual guru, who officiates at Felix's funeral.
 * Mimi Davis as Joyce Benson, Dick's wife and Sandler's daughter
 * David Young as Sam Marshall, a popular young actor
 * Byron Kane as the Funeral Director
 * Virginia Gregg as the Funeral Director's Wife
 * Herb Tanney as Burgess Webster (as Stiffe Tanney)
 * Joe Penny as Officer Buchwald, a police officer called to the Farmer residence
 * Erica Yohn as Agnes, the costume designer of Night Wind
 * Colleen Brennan as Tammy Taylor (as Katherine MacMurray)
 * Charles Lampkin as Felix and Sally's Butler
 * Bert Rosario as the Mexican Gardener
 * Gene Nelson as Clive Lytell

Title
"S.O.B." (in the film) stands for "Standard Operational Bullshit" and refers to misinformation being the norm. The abbreviation means "sexually oriented business" (if pertaining to strip clubs) and more generally "son of a bitch" (a ruthless person).

A Spanish dub of the film keeps the abbreviation S.O.B., claiming that it stands for "Sois honrados Bandidos" (You Are Honest Crooks). The Argentine title for the movie was changed to Se acabó el mundo (The World is Ended), having no relation to the original title.

Three years later, when Edwards had his name removed from the writing credits of 1984's City Heat, he was billed under the pseudonym Sam O. Brown. (S.O.B.)

Influences
When writing the screenplay, Edwards drew upon several of his own experiences as a film maker. The character of Felix Farmer is a person not unlike Edwards, while actress Sally Miles bears certain similarities to real-life wife Julie Andrews (who plays her).

The story of S.O.B. parallels the experiences of Edwards and Andrews in their infamous, but Academy Award-nominated, failure, Darling Lili. Intended to reveal Andrews' heretofore unseen wicked and sexy side, that film had a troubled shoot, went significantly over budget, and was subjected to postproduction studio interference. The early 1970s brought more bad news for Edwards; he made two films for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Wild Rovers, a Western with William Holden and Ryan O'Neil and The Carey Treatment with James Coburn. Once again, studio interference occurred during postproduction of both films, which were edited without any input from Edwards. Both movies opened to negative reviews and poor business. Hit hard financially and personally by these events, Edwards moved to Europe to work independently, away from the meddling and restrictions of the Hollywood studios. The plan worked, leading to several successful projects, including three very profitable Pink Panther sequels starring Peter Sellers.

In S.O.B., Andrews's character agrees (with some pharmaceutical persuasion) to "show my boobies" in a scene in the film-within-the-film. For this scene, comedian Johnny Carson thanked Andrews on the Academy Awards for "showing us that the hills were still alive," alluding to a famous line from The Sound of Music opening sequence.

Production
S.O.B. had been in development by Edwards since 1976. In 1979, the film was set for preproduction at Orion Pictures with distribution by Warner Bros., Edwards's third film with Orion after 10 and The Ferret, which was due to star Dudley Moore. In July 1979, Orion put the film into turnaround. Later that year, Edwards signed a deal with Lorimar through United Artists set to distribute. In January 1980, Variety announced that Cloris Leachman and David Callan had been named among the cast members, but neither ultimately appeared in the film; Variety also reported that Joel Grey had turned down a role in S.O.B. In 1981, Lorimar's distribution agreement with UA ended and Lorimar began distributing their films through Paramount Pictures. Paramount released S.O.B. in July, 1981, though much animosity still existed between Edwards and Paramount over the Darling Lili debacle.

Filming of S.O.B. took place between March and July 1980 in Los Angeles, Malibu, and Santa Monica on a budget of $12 million.

Critical response
S.O.B. was released in July 1981, with critical opinion of the film sharply divided. Remarkably, the screenplay was nominated for both a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen, and a Razzie Award for Worst Screenplay. It was also nominated for a Razzie for Worst Director and a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical.

S.O.B. currently holds an 81% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 26 reviews, with an average rating of 6.90/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A sustained blast of unbridled vitriol from writer-director Blake Edwards, S.O.B. is one of the blackest – and most consistently funny – Hollywood satires ever put to film."

Vincent Canby, writing for The New York Times, described S.O.B. as "a nasty, biased, self-serving movie that also happens to be hilarious most of the time...It's difficult to remember a film as mean-spirited as S.O.B. that also was so consistently funny." Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel, then hosts of the PBS film review program Sneak Previews, both gave S.O.B. a positive review.

Box office
The film grossed $3,116,078 over the five-day 4th of July holiday weekend and went on to gross $14.8 million in the United States and Canada. The Village Voice dubbed the film a box-office flop.

Television version
Broadcast television prints of S.O.B. contain alternate takes and edits of several scenes originally containing sex and nudity, such as the party and orgy scenes and  Night Wind's erotica dream sequence where Julie Andrews exposes her breasts. The television version contains a scene where Robert Vaughn, as studio head David Blackman, receives a phone call while in bed with his mistress, and is simply seen naked from the waist up. In the original theatrical print, he is wearing a bustier and nylon stockings.

Home media
The original video release was made by CBS Video Enterprises in 1982, on both VHS and CED Videodisc, and was later reissued on VHS by CBS/Fox Video in the mid-1980s. Warner Bros. bought ancillary rights in 1989 with their purchase of Lorimar, and the film was released on Laserdisc through Warner Home Video in 1990. Warners released a DVD edition in 2002 and reissued in 2012.

title: S.O.B. (film)


text:
Talk:Vetter

I think this page should be added to the end of "wight" with a line drawn between them, since they both descend from the same Germanic root.

title: Talk:Vetter


text:
User:Capitalistroadster

Hello, I am a 58-year-old male from Canberra, Australia.

My interests are:

 * Sport especially rugby union, rugby league cricket and AFL;
 * pop music;
 * literature;
 * history;
 * politics; and
 * general knowledge

I have been on the Australian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? where I won $16000 Australian.

Licensing
For the record my articles are released under the.

Renovation Rescue
Made significant improvements to the following articles:

 * Lee David Zlotoff

 * Shane Cooper

 * Kent Brewster

 * Gary E. Luck

 * London Calling (song)

 * Violet Scene

 * Shelly Kagan

 * Hagen Kleinert

 * Samantha Runnion

 * Jason Kottke

 * Me so horny

 * Lil' Scrappy

 * Ministry of Justice of Cameroon

 * Rade

 * Pauline LaFon Gore

 * Carl Meinhof

 * Dorothy Tillman

 * The Cherry Orchard

 * Intruder in the Dust

 * Gabor A. Somorjai

 * Glebe Point Road

 * Martin Pike

 * False flag

 * Ballarat Cricket Association

 * Bouncing stones

 * Omaha Riot

 * Cheeses...(of Nazareth)

 * Karen Holvik

 * Peter Goodall

 * Naomi Halas

 * Donkey vote

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 * Qormi

 * Berridale

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 * Mau Maus

 * Scythian art

 * Tartare

 * Contour plowing

 * Hot 100 No. 1 Hits of 1952

 * Petrodollar recycling

 * Llanero

 * I Ran (So Far Away)

 * Paul Mirengoff

 * Philippe Garrel

 * Israeli Army diet

 * Better Off Alone

 * Renée Fleming

 * Tony Peña

 * Chelsea F.C.

 * Vicente Fox

 * Sabrina Harman

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 * People Like Us (musician)

 * Washington Gladden

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 * Tarutius

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 * Murder City Devils

 * Doreen Chanter

 * Halo (movie)

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 * Richard Eberhart

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 * Luther Vandross

 * Cross Movement

 * Renaldo "Obie" Benson

 * Gail Kelly

 * Hank Stram

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 * L. Patrick Gray

 * Abbey of Kells

 * Gibellina

 * Lillian Gordy Carter

 * Ronald Wilson

 * Amy Gillett

 * The B-Sides

 * I've got a lovely bunch of coconuts

 * All Together Now (The Beatles)

 * Eugene Record

 * She Loves You

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 * Peppino Gagliardi

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 * Gerald gradwohl

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 * "Smilin" Jack Smith (music)

 * Red Buttons

 * Gerald Gidwitz

Hopefully Not VfD bait

 * Joyful Child Foundation

 * Peter J. Brennan

 * Brides of Destruction

 * Solar car

 * Vladimir Korolenko

 * The Giaour

 * Mercy seat

 * Canboulay Riots/Temp

 * Daintree

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 * Daintree, Queensland

 * The Economic Consequences of the Peace/temp

 * John Hornby

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 * Religion in Norway

 * Lindsay Gaze

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 * Walk Like an Egyptian

 * Every Tuesday Sometimes Sunday

 * Ted Chapman

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 * Bruce Bolt

 * Pat McCormick

 * Pat McCormick (comic)

 * Chocolate City

 * Dick Heyward

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 * Russian architecture

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 * Harvey Jackson III

 * The Duprees

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 * Shirley Horn

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 * Matt Carroll (producer)

 * Fendalton Open Air School

 * Barry Wood (cricketer)

 * Pat Rupp

 * Reginald Swartz

 * Wu Xianghu

 * Nadira

 * Nadira (actress)

 * Ibolya Csák

 * Dick Harmon

 * Paul Morris

 * Paul Morris (musician)

 * John Belluso

 * Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez

 * Alan Levin

 * Alan Levin (filmmaker)

 * Bob Lewis

 * Bob Lewis

 * Robert Lewis

 * Terry Roberts

 * Bill Cowsill

 * Bill Miller

 * Lake Jindabyne

 * Sid Feller

 * Hisham Hafiz

 * Otis Chandler

 * A is for Anzac

 * Bill Wyllie

 * Bill Hartman

 * King Floyd

 * Hilton Wick

 * Wallace Rae

 * Charles Schepens

 * Aaron Peterson

 * Colin Wallace (cricketer)

 * Florence Mars

 * Chris Woo

 * Alison Galloway

 * Ed Casey

 * Stella Sigcau

 * Johnny Paris

 * Billy Walker

 * Mahmoud Majzoub

 * Judith Moore

 * Ted Berkman

 * Neville Amadio

 * Archibald Peake

 * 1813 in Australia

 * Charles McDonald

 * 1851 in Australia

 * Nicky Barr

 * Ahmed Reda Madouni

 * 1918 in Australia

 * Nguyen Minh Triet

 * My Island Home/Temp

References Please

 * Celia Cruz

 * Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not

 * Nanotechnology

 * Great Society

 * Shaun Hart

 * Kenneth Noland

 * Fort Lewis

 * Toy

 * San Bartolo, Totonicapán

 * Screaming jelly babies

 * Insulin pump

 * Louis Jones

 * Sherbet (band)

 * Larry Black

 * Detroit Pistons

 * John Prentice (footballer)

 * The Village Gate

 * J Dilla

 * Norman Shumway

 * Butch Harmon

 * Lennart Meri

 * Corkman Irish Pub

 * Jean Bernard (physician)

 * Yitzhak Ben-Aharon

 * Lloyd Bentsen

 * Sherman Skolnick

 * Anderson Mazoka

 * Ian Copeland

 * Clifford Antone

 * Tropical fish

 * Édouard Michelin (born 1963)

 * Tony Sardisco

 * Steve Mizerak

 * Rocío Jurado

 * Vince Welnick

 * Hilton Ruiz

 * Yarra River

 * John Roberts (businessman)

 * Hiroyuki Iwaki

 * Alexander John Ellis

 * John Alcock (aviator)

 * Raymond Devos

 * Bussunda

 * Bob Weaver

 * David Cotterill

 * Louis B. Sohn

 * Donald Reilly

 * Grady Johnson

 * Enzo Siciliano

 * Lebanon, Indiana

 * Ralph Ginzburg

 * Wilbert Hopper

 * Hans Gmoser

 * Joyce Hatto

 * Carrie Nye

Let's Talk

 * Robert Sterling

 * June 2006 GTA terrorism arrests

 * Arthur Widmer

 * Steven Boghos Derounian

 * Islamic Courts militia

 * Always (song)

 * Happy Together (song)

 * Johnny Grande

 * Paul H. Carr

 * Tour d'Argent

 * Michael Murphey

 * The Twelve Apostles, Victoria

 * Mike Quarry

 * Ingo Preminger

 * Palmerston, Australian Capital Territory

 * Bodyjar

 * Philip Merrill

 * Cibolo, Texas

 * Thomas McCosker

 * Arthur Franz

 * Budhi Kunderan

 * Denice Denton

 * Marí Alkatiri

 * Lyle Stuart

 * Sedley Alley

 * Charles Barrow

 * Randy Walker

 * George Unwin

 * Johnny Jenkins

 * Lloyd Richards

 * Ramai Pandit

 * Tom Weir

Anus Language
Thanks for the heads up--changed my vote--eleuthero 18:47, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm adding my commendations too. I sometimes get a little too impulsive when doing RC patrol - thanks for keeping me on my toes. --Bachrach44 19:59, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

First Family of the United States
Hey, someone redirected the entire First Family of the United States article into First Family. I just wanted to let you know, seeing as more people voted to keep it than to redirect. I'm reposting it. History21 16:56, 20 February 2006 (UTC)History21

This article was nominated for speedy deletion as a biography with no assertion of notability. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? where I won $16000 Australian is an assertion of notability. However, it has been listed for prod as there is little verifiable evidence in a Google search see link title

*** Important - Your input requested ASAP ***
Please see this Deletion review.

Merecat 00:26, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Request
Could you look at this article Articles for deletion/Fred Carama (2nd nomination) ? Thanks for your time. --Strothra 06:15, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

AfD Symbols
Here are the symbols for further use.

Ballydougan
Thanks that looks much better than the advert before and therefore, as it is a complete different content, I'll make a comment to that effect on the AfD page.

But are you sure Ballydougan is actually "a town" and not just a name for an area? I couldn't find a reference to that, the pottery etc. seems to be in a town/village named "Craigavon": Ballydougan Pottery, 171 Plantation Road, Craigavon, Co Armagh BT63 5NN

In any case thanks for your help Optimale  Gu 11:12, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Deletion review for Arbor View High School
Please be aware that this discussion has closed and is now being reviewed at Deletion_review/Log/2006_June_29. Silensor 22:34, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Advance Australia..
I had a big almanac of events in Australian in 1989 with a list of dates in the back. I'm not sure how reliable it is.--Peta 04:47, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

AFD - Aquinas College stuff
Yes, while i respect your opinion - the college dux is verifiable via the Aquinas College annual from that respective year. Alot of the information on that article is from primary sources and i am willing to accept that, but it is all verifiable and i believe it should be on the Aquinas College page on wikipedia. Smbarnzy 12:53, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Smile

has smiled at you! Smiles promote WikiLove and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! Smile at others by adding {{subst:Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message. Capitalistroadster 09:22, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Lenny Loosejocks
An editor has asked for a deletion review of Lenny Loosejocks. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. Kc4 17:09, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Carl XIV Gustaf
I understand that the item seems silly, but the King is not just a simple "supporter", but an honorary member by long tradition where the King is expected to represent the club on official occasions. The news that he personally cares more for the revaling club brings with it complicated implications. That's why this was top news item of the day. Thanks for your care. --Camptown 10:22, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Afd Noel Gray
Thanks for your contribution and for listing this in the Australian log. I was closely associated with Telectronics from 1964 -1988 and a good friend of the late Noel Gray. Sadly, some 14 years after his resignation from the company he and son Chris elected to rewrite history in a private booklet "Telectronics The Early Years" which angered many. It is my opinion that Noel's contribution in co-founding and funding the initial years of the company's research and development is worthy of recognition by way of a Wikipedia article. I, and several others, could write or rewrite the article objectively; but, it seems that would be contradictory to the requirement for a neutral point of view because of our close association. Opinion welcome. QRS 06:00, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Your removal of item regarding Palestinian health
Your description of your edit was extremely misleading - indeed false
 * Aa42john (talk) 21:01, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

Subpages

 * User:CapitalistRoadster/people
 * User:CapitalistRoadster/sports

title: User:Capitalistroadster


text:
Navotas

Navotas, officially the City of Navotas (Lungsod ng Navotas), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 247,543 people.

It was formerly part of the Province of Rizal in southern Luzon. It comprises what is known as the CAMANAVA area along with the cities of Caloocan, Malabon, and Valenzuela.

It is known as the Commercial Fishing Hub of the Philippines, for the city has the third largest fish port in Asia and the largest in Southeast Asia. Although it was established on February 16, 1859, Navotas celebrates its foundation day every January 16, the day in 1906 when it finally separated from Malabon. Navotas became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.

Etymology
Navotas was once part of Malabon. According to one legend, the long and narrow delta extended unbroken from north to south along the seashore. The strip of land between the former district of Tondo, Manila and this town was eaten away by the sea until an opening was made. Water began to flow through the opening. The geographical change prompted the people to refer to the place as "butas", "nayon ng butas", or "nabutas", a Tagalog word that means breached or pierced through. What began as a natural channel developed into a regular waterway, now known as the Navotas River. In later years, the place came to be known as "Nabotas", then "Navotas".

It was also known as Hacienda de Navotas. It was once owned by the Dominican friars until it was sold to the Pascual family during the early days of the American regime and developed into a residential estate.

San Jose de Navotas was the name given to the locality after its patron saint, Saint Joseph. On June 11, 1859, a "Superior Decreto" established a new parish and municipality under the supervision of Friar Matias Navoa. The populace was divided into two distinct groups, the naturales (locals) and the mestizos. Mariano Estrellas was the gobernadorcillo (petty governor) of the naturales and Mariano Israel, of the mestizos. Today, because records are incomplete, recognition is only given to the gobernadorcillos for the mestizos. A school in honor of San Jose was built and known as "San Jose Academy."

Spanish colonial era
The movement for the separation of barrios San Jose de Navotas and Bangkulasi from Tambobong (now Malabon), then a town in the province of Tondo (later Manila), began on December 20, 1827. Led by the principales of such barrios, such separation was petitioned before the Spanish colonial government when the locals experienced difficulties in doing business transactions and accessing Tambobong's poblacion across what is now the Navotas River for religious events.

On February 16, 1859, the petition was finally granted, separating both barrios from Tambobong to form a new distinct town. The town initially composed of four barrios (villages): San Jose, Tangos, Bangkulasi, and Tanza. Later on June 11, the Real Audiencia enacted a Superior Decreto, which established the San Jose de Navotas Parish with a church and parochial school.

On August 6, 1898, Navotas joined the revolutionary government of General Emilio Aguinaldo.

American occupation
On June 11, 1901, Navotas was eventually incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal with the enactment of Act No. 137.

On October 12, 1903, the town was returned to Malabon by virtue of Act No. 942. On January 16, 1906, Navotas regained its independent municipality status with the enactment of Act No. 1442 which separated it from Malabon.

Philippine independence
On November 7, 1975, Navotas was transferred from the province of Rizal to the newly formed National Capital Region or Metro Manila, by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824.

Cityhood
On June 24, 2007, Navotas became a highly urbanized city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9387 dated March 10, 2007, after a plebiscite was conducted.

Topography
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km. It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by the cities of Malabon and Caloocan and bodies of water such as Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay. Islands encompassed by the city include Navotas Island, where the city proper is located, and Isla Pulo.

Land reclamation, which includes the Navotas Fish Port Complex, had increased the city's land area. Projects such as the Navotas Boulevard Business Park and the Navotas Fish Port Complex expansion by the Philippine Fisheries Development Authority are expected to add up to 680 ha to the city's land area.

Barangays
Navotas is politically subdivided into 2 districts, with 18 barangays: Population Changes

Some barangays in Navotas experienced dramatic population change between 2010 and 2020. This is because of an ongoing effort by the government to relocate informal settlers from hazard-prone areas to socialized housing built in Barangay Tanza 2.

Navotas East
Navotas East is bounded by Barangay Sipac-Almacen to the north, Barangay Tañong of Malabon (via Estrella Bridge over Navotas River) to the east, Barangay Navotas West to the west, and Brgy. Bagumbayan North to the south. Their patron saint is San Ildefonso.

San Jose
The name of Barangay San Jose was derived from the Diocesan Shrine and Parish of San Jose de Navotas, the first place of worship in the town.

San Roque
Barangay San Roque is bounded by Tangos South to the northwest and north, Tangos North and Tanza, Navotas (via Badeo 5) to the northeast, Brgy. Hulong Duhat, Malabon and Brgy. Flores, Malabon in Malabon to the east (via Navotas River, Badeo 4), Manila Bay to the west and Brgy. Daanghari to the south. Its name is derived from San Roque de Navotas Parish, the first place of worship in the town.

It is famous for its annual fiesta, every last Saturday and Sunday of the month of January. Every fiesta the whole barangay (including Brgy's Tangos North and Tangos South) is filled with stalls and stores. Also every fiesta of San Roque, A. Dela Cruz St. is full of stalls which sell kalamay, from Batangas.

Sipac-Almacen
Barangay Sipac-Almacen is famous for the location of the Navotas City Hall and some points of interest like Navotas National High School, the main high school of Navotas, Navotas Playground, Jollibee, McDonald's and others.

Former Barangays
Until 2018 Navotas had 14 barangays.

Northbay Boulevard South
In accordance with Republic Act No. 10933, approved by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 23, 2017, and ratified in a plebiscite on January 5, 2018, Northbay Boulevard South was divided into Barangays NBBS Kaunlaran, NBBS Dagat-dagatan, and NBBS Proper.

Tangos
Pursuant to Republic Act No. 10934, approved by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 23, 2017, and ratified in a plebiscite on January 5, 2018, Tangos was divided into Barangays Tangos North and Tangos South.

Tanza
Barangay Tanza occupied the northernmost portion of the city, including Isla Pulo which is separated from the city proper, and was bounded by Barangay Binuangan and Salambao in Obando, Bulacan to the north, Manila Bay and Barangay San Roque to the west, Barangay Hulong Duhat and Dampalit, Malabon to the east, and Barangay Tangos to the south.

By virtue of Republic Act No. 10935, approved by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 23, 2017, and ratified in a plebiscite on January 5, 2018, Tanza was divided into Barangays Tanza 1 and Tanza 2.

Both Tanza 1 and Tanza 2 are accessible via Badeo 5 in Barangay San Roque, Navotas and the Tanza-Malabon Bridge in Barangay Hulong Duhat in Malabon.

Fishing and Aquaculture
Navotas has been dubbed as the Fishing Capital of the Philippines. The city is home to the Navotas Fish Port Complex, which is considered as the Philippines's premier fish center.

Shipbuilding and repair
In the ship repair sector, the Navotas complex is expected to accommodate 96 vessels for repair.

Political profile
With regards to the separation of Navotas from Malabon in 1859 and the organization thereof as a distinct municipality or "pueblo" with its own government and church, this town was headed by the gobernadorcillos who exercised executive and judicial functions. However, as this locality was composed of two groups the naturales and the mestizos, each of which had its own gobernadorcillo appointed by the governor-general who was the supreme authority in all local matters, since the inhabitants did not allow choosing their officials. This political system was somehow revoked at the end of the Spanish Regime through the Maura Law of 1883, which guided some of the selected officials to the supervision of an insular authority. During the revolutionary period (from 1898 to 1902), as the democratic system of local governance was being established via the First Philippines Republic and Malolos Constitution, people of Navotas with high character, social position and honorable conduct gathered in a meeting and elected the chief of the town, the headman of the barrio (barangay) and three officials viz., for police and internal order, justice and civil registry, and taxes and property. In this situation, these elected officials constitute an assembly wherein the chief of the town was the president, the headman, the vice-president, and the justice officer the secretary. In this period, the name of Navotas LGU and its head were changed from "pueblo to municipality" and from "President to Mayor". Philippine Commission, which exercised supervision over local government, appointed the first local official. Gradually, election of officials was allowed.

During the period of the Philippine Commonwealth (from 1935 to 1945), the 1935 constitution ushered. This provided that the President of the Philippines should exercise general supervision over all local governments. This allowed Navotas to have three leaders. This trend from 1946 to 1972 (during the second Philippine Republic) was toward decentralization. Congress passed laws giving more autonomy to Local Government Units through the grant of additional powers and lessening of national control affairs. This created four Mayors of Navotas. During the Martial Law Period, President Marcos had changed the structure and functions of LGU's, thus decentralization suffered the set back with the concentration of power on his hands. After December 31, 1975 (expiration of tenure of office of the local elective officials), the President assumed the power of appointment of the officials as authorized by the people in a referendum held on February 27, 1975. During the Marcos Regime, Navotas had two Mayors.

Navotas was proclaimed as a full-fledged city by virtue of RA 9387 that converted the municipality of Navotas into a highly urbanized city. A plebiscite was held on June 24, 2007, which was ratified the conversion of Navotas into a highly urbanized city.

Education
Navotas has 15 public elementary schools and 6 public secondary schools including Navotas National High School and Kaunlaran High School. The Navotas Polytechnic College located at the North Bay Boulevard South in Kaunlaran Village is owned and operated by the city.

Sports
Navotas was home to the Navotas Uni-Pak Sardines, a founding member of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League during its inaugural season and played for three seasons until the 2019–20 season.

Transportation

Transportation in Navotas is composed of different vehicles.

Notable personalities

 * Lean Alejandro, student leader and left-wing nationalist political activist
 * Luz Oliveros-Belardo, National Scientist of the Philippines for Phytochemistry
 * Engracia Cruz-Reyes, chef and entrepreneur
 * Jorella Marie de Jesus, professional volleyball player
 * Froilan Baguion, professional basketball player
 * Gerald Santos, singer and actor
 * Jelo Acosta, rapper & actor
 * Wendy Valdez, beauty queen, and an actress.
 * Ate Negi, Comedian, Host

Sister cities

 * 🇵🇭 Parañaque, Philippines
 * 🇵🇭 Manila, Philippines

title: Navotas


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Children's Day (Japan)

Children's Day (こどもの日) is a public holiday in Japan which takes place annually on May 5 and is the final celebration in Golden Week. It is a day set aside to respect children's personalities and to celebrate their happiness. It was designated a national holiday by the Japanese government in 1948, but has been a day of celebration in Japan since ancient times.

Children's Day has officially been a day to wish for the happiness of both male and female children since 1948, but its origin, Tango no Sekku, was a day for boys from the Kamakura period in the 12th century to the mid-20th century, and the customs of Children's Day still retain vestiges from that time.

History
The day was originally called Tango no sekku (端午の節句) – one of the five annual ceremonies held at the imperial court – and was celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon in the Lunisolar calendar.

Tango no Sekku was originally a day for women to purify the house by thatching the roof with irises, which were believed to be effective in repelling evil spirits, and for women to rest their bodies, but it was changed to a day for boys in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) when the samurai class took control of the government. The reason for this was that the iris was a plant that represented the samurai because its leaves were shaped like the blade of a Japanese sword, and the word shōbu (尚武), which means "to value military affairs", had the same pronunciation as iris (菖蒲) and was therefore considered an auspicious plant for the samurai. Since this period, yabusame (Japanese horseback archery) was held on May 5 as a way to ward off evil spirits.

The custom of displaying mini Japanese armor and kabuto (helmets) on Children's Day, called Gogatsu Ningyo (May doll), has its origins in the Kamakura to Muromachi periods (1333–1573). Samurai used to take their armor, kabuto, and Japanese swords out of their storage boxes in May before the rainy season to take care of them. Since this was the time of the Tango no Sekku, they began to display armor, kabuto, and Japanese swords in the hope of protecting their children.

During the Edo period (1603–1867), Tango no Sekku celebrations became extravagant, and samurai households began to display samurai dolls (Musha Ningyo, 武者人形) in addition to real armor, kabuto, and Japanese swords. Ordinary households began to display paper kabuto. The custom of bathing in the bathtub with irises on May 5 began in this period.

The custom of decorating koinobori (carp streamers) on Children's Day originated in the Edo period (1603–1867). During the Edo period, samurai households began to decorate their yards with nobori or fukinuke (吹貫) flags, which were colored with mon (family crests) to represent military units, during Tango no Sekku. The nobori and fukinuke were then merged, and the first koinobori appeared in Edo (now Tokyo). The colorful koinobori as we know them today became popular from the Meiji era (1868–1912).

After Japan switched to the Gregorian calendar, the date was moved to May 5. Until 1948, Children's Day was known as Boys' Day (also known as Feast of Banners), celebrating boys and recognizing fathers, as the counterpart to Hinamatsuri, or "Girl's Day" on March 3. In 1948, the name was changed to Children's Day to include both male and female children, as well as recognizing mothers along with fathers and family qualities of unity.

In the Showa era (1926–1989), the popularity shifted from samurai dolls to miniature armor, and since the 21st century, miniature kabuto have become popular, probably due to the size of Japanese houses.

Celebration
On this day, families raise the koinobori, carp-shaped windsock (because of the Chinese legend that a carp that swims upstream becomes a dragon and flies to Heaven, and the resemblance of the waving windsock to swimming fish), with a black carp for the father, a red or pink for the mother, and one carp (usually blue, and sometimes green and orange too) for each child. Traditionally, when celebrated as Boys' Day, the red koinobori was for the eldest son with blue and additional colors for younger brothers.

In modern times, Japanese families usually display miniature Japanese armor and kabuto called Gogatsu Ningyo (May doll) on Children's Day. These dolls are usually made in the style of ō-yoroi or dō-maru popular in the Heian (794–1185) and Kamakura periods (1185–1333), which is more showy in appearance than the tōsei gusoku style armor of the Sengoku period. There are also kabuto made to fit the size of a boy's head that can actually be worn. The formal Gogatsu Ningyo is displayed on a tiered shelf with a yumi (bow), tachi (long sword), Japanese war fan, and jingasa (samurai hats).

Until the Edo period, samurai dolls were more common than miniature armor and kabuto, and the Japanese folk heroes Momotarō, Kintarō, Ushiwakamaru, Benkei, Emperor Jinmu, and Shoki were often chosen as subjects.

Kashiwa mochi (sticky rice cakes filled with red bean jam and wrapped in oak leaves) and chimaki (sticky sweet rice wrapped in an iris or bamboo leaf) are traditionally served on this day. The oak leaf used for kashiwa mochi is said to be a tree whose old leaves do not fall off until new leaves appear, and is considered a good-luck charm representing prosperity of offspring.

Since irises are believed to have medicinal properties and to ward off evil, they are used for various purposes on May 5. For example, people would take a bath with irises in the bathtub, soak thinly sliced iris roots or leaves in sake and drink it, or put irises in thin washi (Japanese traditional paper) before putting it in their pillows and going to bed.

title: Children's Day (Japan)


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Black Cat (manga)

Black Cat (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kentaro Yabuki. It was originally serialized in publisher Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 2000 to June 2004, with the chapters later collected into twenty tankōbon (bound volumes) by Shueisha. The story centers on a man named Train Heartnet who withdrew from an elite group of assassins called the Chronos Numbers to become a bounty hunter.

The series was adapted into a twenty-four episode anime television series by studio Gonzo, which originally aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) from October 2005 to March 2006. The manga was licensed for English-language publication in North America by Viz Media and in Australasia by Madman Entertainment. Funimation Entertainment licensed the anime for an English dub and North American broadcast on their own Funimation Channel, with Madman releasing it in Australasia and MVM Films in the United Kingdom.

In Japan, the Black Cat manga sold over 12 million copies, while in North America several volumes have been featured in weekly top ten lists of best-selling manga. The anime has also been popular in both Japan and North America. Manga and anime critics had praise for Black Cat action, differing views on the artwork and characters, and mainly negative comments for its plot which has been criticized for having typical elements of shōnen manga (targeted at boys).

Plot
Set in a fictional universe, Train Heartnet, once an assassin for Chronos, an organization bent on world peace that rules one third of the world's economy, is now an easygoing Sweeper (licensed bounty hunter) traveling with his partner Sven Vollfied. They meet and team up with professional thief Rinslet Walker in order to break into an arms dealer's home and obtain some data, but encounter a human bio-weapon named Eve that was created using nanotechnology. Sven and Train ultimately decide to free Eve from her owner and train her to be a Sweeper. Rinslet is kidnapped by Creed Diskenth, a former Chronos assassin that killed Train's friend Saya Minatsuki for changing Train's outlook on life and which contributed to him leaving Chronos, to persuade Train to join his group the Apostles of the Stars in order to overthrow Chronos and start a world revolution. The duel ends as a draw, with both Creed and Train injured.

The Apostles of the Stars launch their first attack on the World Summit, killing the leaders from 20 top nations, causing Chronos to declare war on them. Chronos even notify Train of a new Sweeper bounty on Creed in order to gain his help, though he resists, planning to go after him on his own terms. Chronos assassin Jenos Hazard is sent to hire Rinslet to gather information on the Apostles, however, this is really in order to use her as bait to lure Creed out of hiding and force Train to get involved, who was lured to the same area via false Sweeper intel. Jenos and the other two members of the special unit Cerebus launch an assault on Creed's lair, that results in it being turned to rubble, while Train simply rescues Rinslet and leaves. Creed then tries to kill Sven, believing he is holding Train back from joining him, but accidentally shoots Train with a nanomachine-enhanced bullet that has the unplanned effect of reverting his body to that of a child. In order to return Train to normal, Train, Sven and Eve visit nanotechnology expert Dr. Tearju, who is also Eve's creator. While there, the Apostles of the Stars attack to force Tearju to join them in order to grant Creed eternal life through nanomachines, but are defeated by a returned Train who can now fire a railgun shot thanks to the nanomachines. However, Eathes was able to copy Tearju, gaining all of her knowledge, and Train, Sven and Eve finally decide to put a stop to Creed.

They team up with a group called the Sweeper Alliance to storm the Apostles of the Stars' island, organized by Chronos assassin Lin Shaolee in disguise to act as decoys for Chronos' own attack. Separated upon arriving, Train, Sven and Eve each get involved in fights with members of the Apostles, while Chronos, who landed after them, get to Creed first. Sephiria Arks faces off against Creed, but loses. Sven, Eve and Chronos then fight bio-warrior weapons fused with nanotechnology, while Train begins his battle with Creed. Creed has obtained immortality, although he reveals to Train his only weakness; his brain cannot be repaired like the rest of his body. Train defeats Creed using one last full-powered railgun shot to destroy his Imagine Blade and Eve uses her own nanomachines to take those that give Creed immortality out of his body. Train and Sephiria allow Creed to walk away, and the survivors of the Apostles of the Stars are shown on the run or hiding.

Production
Six months before Black Cat began, Kentaro Yabuki's one-shot version titled Stray Cat was published. While it already included Sweepers and Tao, Train and Sven were Delivery Men instead. With Black Cat he wanted to expand on ideas he used in his previous serial Yamato Gensoki; an assassin betraying an organization, and the use of chi or life energy. His weekly schedule was four days to write the chapter and two to draw it, taking one day off. When the manga ended serialization, Yabuki expressed desire to make a sequel labeling this series as "Part 1". As he was not sure if there could be a sequel, he still remarked that the characters of Train Heartnet and Eve may appear in other titles he will create in the future.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Kentaro Yabuki, Black Cat was originally serialized in Shueisha in the shōnen manga anthology Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 11, 2000, to June 14, 2004. Its 185 chapters were collected into 20 tankōbon (bound volumes) by Shueisha, released from January 6, 2001, to October 4, 2004. The series was re-released in twelve bunkobon format volumes, published from September 16, 2005 to February 17, 2006. Black Cat has also been published as part of the Shueisha Jump Remix series of magazine-style books. Nine volumes were released between March 24, and July 19, 2008.

It was licensed in English in North America by Viz Media as they first announced at the 2005 San Diego Comic-Con International. The first volume released on March 7, 2006 with the final volume released on May 5, 2009. Madman Entertainment published Viz's English release in Australia and New Zealand, from September 10, 2008 to June 10, 2009. The series was published in Chinese by Tong Li Publishing, in Dutch by Glénat Benelux, in French by Glénat, in German by Carlsen Comics, and in Italian by Star Comics.

Anime
A 24-episode animated adaptation of the manga was produced by Shueisha, GDH, Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), and Gonzo. It is directed by Shin Itagaki, with Shūichi Kōyama handling series composition, Yukiko Akiyama designing the characters and Taku Iwasaki composing the music. The series was broadcast on TBS from October 6, 2005 to March 30, 2006. Episode fifteen was not broadcast by TBS, but only included in the DVD release in Japan. On its airing on Animax all episodes were broadcast. The series was released across twelve Region 2 DVD volumes from December 21, 2005 to November 22, 2006 by GDH. Each volume was also published by Animate and Movic in Premium Edition which included various extras. The DVD volumes were gathered in a limited release DVD box set by Gonzo on April 23, 2008.

The anime was licensed for an English-language dubbed release by Funimation Entertainment in June 2006. The episodes were later broadcast on the Funimation Channel. The series was then released across six Region 1 DVD volumes released between December 19, 2006 and July 24, 2007. The DVDs were gathered in a box set and released on March 18, 2008. On May 29, 2012, Funimation re-released the box set in a "Super Amazing Value Edition" (S.A.V.E.) edition. Madman Entertainment distributed a box set of the series in the PAL region on September 17, 2008, while MVM Films released it on November 15, 2010 in the United Kingdom.

An anime soundtrack entitled Black Cat Original Soundtrack Nikukyu was released on March 15, 2006 by EMI Music Japan. It contains the anime's background music that was composed by Taku Iwasaki, and the three pieces of theme music used for the series: the opening theme by Yorico, the first ending theme  by Puppypet, and the second ending theme  by Ryōji Matsuda.

Other media
Tomohito Ōsaki wrote three light novels based on the series. Simply titled Black Cat and Black Cat 2, the first two were released on March 10, and August 25, 2003. Titled, the last one that serves as the sequel to the manga, was released in Japan on October 24, 2005.

In 2005, there were three drama CDs, simply titled Black Cat 1–3, released by Shueisha on February 28, July 1, and October 4, respectively. An internet radio program was broadcast from March 30, to September 28, 2006, by the Onsen and hosted by Takashi Kondō and Misato Fukuen, the voice of Train and Eve respectively. Later, Frontier Works collected in into three CDs and released on October 21, November 18, and December 16, 2006.

There have been two video games based on the series released in Japan. was released for the PlayStation 2 on March 30, 2006 by Capcom. was released for the Nintendo DS on June 21, 2007 by Compile Heart. Characters of the Black Cat series have also made appearances in the games Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars. In Japan, various other types of merchandise were released, including action figures, plush dolls, key chains, clothing, cosplay pieces, and a trading card game by Movic.

Public response
Black Cat's twenty volumes have sold over 12 million units in Japan. Volumes from Viz's English publication of the series have also featured in best-selling manga rankings such as The New York Times as well as Nielsen BookScan. During 2006, Black Cat was North America's 9th best manga property, according to ICv2. In ICv2's Top 50 Manga, Black Cat was listed as the 15th manga property from North America during the first half of 2008. In ICv2's Top 25 Manga Properties Q1 2009, it was the 22nd best manga property from North America during 2009's first quarter.

The Black Cat anime premiered in Japan with a 3.4 percent television viewership rating. In 2006, Japanese television network TV Asahi conducted a "Top 100" online web poll, and Black Cat placed 93rd. In the subsequent year, it ranked 17th in a "Top 20" poll conducted by Japanese anime magazine Animage. Navarre Corporation cited the DVD releases of Black Cat as one of the reasons for Funimation's profit increase during the last quarter of 2006. The anime was listed as North America's 22nd anime property in summer 2008.

Critical response
The manga has been praised for its fast-paced action, which "epitomizes the action genre", according to Anime News Network's Carlo Santos. Alexander Hoffman from Comics Village praised Yabuki for starting the story off with action rather than having a large amount of "info-dumps" for extensive character introductions. Writing for Manga Life, Michael Aronson commended it for having a restrained pace, layout and action scenes, calling it "more western" than Japanese because of it. Holly Ellingwood of Active Anime commented that Black Cat "knows how to pack the action and the excitement to good effect, visuals and nail-biting suspense." Sheena McNeil stressed that despite its flaws the series' action "makes it all worth reading." Ken Haley of Pop Culture Shock said that "writing and characterization-wise" it is a typical shōnen manga. Santos, Hoffman and McNeil criticized its plot for being "predictable", clichéd, and "not terribly original" respectively. Leroy Douresseaux of Comic Book Bin called it "an easy going version of Bleach", while Hoffman found it reminiscent of Cowboy Bebop, and McNeil compared it to Dragon Ball Z.

Santos called its art "plain", while McNeil commented that it "is very nice" but "there's nothing wow-ing about it," and likewise Haley considered the art sufficient enough to get "the job done", but that none of the characters are "cool or eye-catching". Conversely, Hoffman labeled the art "expressive", and Douresseaux deemed the character designs "imaginative." While Aronson and Hoffman dubbed the characters "likeable" and "memorable," Douresseaux asserted Yabuki "create[d] a joyful jumble of motivations and backstabbing" for them. On the other hand, Santos affirmed they "just don't feel real" as their motivations "aren't emotionally moving in any way; they're just plot points that give the characters motivation."

The contrast between "Train's seriousness and Sven's comedy" was appreciated by Sandra Scholes of Active Anime. Margaret Viera of the same site hailed its comedy usage as "well done and perfectly placed within the storyline." Its mixture of genres was appreciated by Scholes, as well as by IGN's Jeff Harris who said "it never appears too overdone." Ross Liversidge of UK Anime Network, however, commented that this makes it "a little hard to discern what the series is aiming for." While Stig Høgset, writing for THEM Anime Reviews, said the supernatural powers are "kept at a fairly realistic level", Liversidge felt the anime's ending was "just slightly too fantastical to be taken seriously." Høgset and Harris praised the show's imagery, with the latter claiming that it has a "story that in many ways improves on the original manga and fixes some of its problems."

title: Black Cat (manga)