text:
User:Eloquence/Positive feedback

Regarding the fourth generation Main Page
(The new Main Page is mostly my work.)

 * 1) Congrats on the new-look main page - much more professional looking! dramatic 20:11, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Looks good. The division into a normal and a community main page is also a good step towards a more "professional" look. Thanks. DrZ 20:56, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) It's a lot clearer. Much less busy. And with pictures. Ooooh. And spaces between lines. Aaaah. It might be good to have an in-depth front page, too. Good work overall, IMO. Mr. Jones 21:34, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Congrats on the new main page, it's looking fab! -- Graham :) 21:41, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) I agree - it looks fantastic. Keeping it up to date might be a challenge, but I think it can be done. Ambivalenthysteria
 * 6) At first I thought "ugh!" then "wow, that's gonna be a lot of work, summarizing everything every day, glad I'm not an admin," and finally "y'know, I think I like it!" :)  It's growing on me.  Good work!  --zandperl 02:17, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Excellent. Thank you! MH 11:31, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) It looks fantastic. Very professional. Jpo 16:01, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Amazing redesign. -Itai 16:04, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) I think it should fit on a single view, but I love the new layout. —Noldoaran (Talk) 02:50, Feb 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) I'd just like to say that I really like having full sentences for "In the news" - as it was before, it was like solving a mystery to figure out *why* something was in the news. →Raul654 20:48, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Just want to say the new layout looks more modern and much nicer than the previous cluttering one. Particularly pictures are eye-catching. It's very good. -- Taku 22:15, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) It works like the glossy paper wrapper on a book. It's much more accessible to a first-time user. Wetman 22:23, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Agreed. Kent Wang 22:28, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 15) I really like the new layout. Nice work! Tannin
 * 16) The new design looks great! In following its development as a test page, I didn't think it was ready yet, but I've definitely reconsidered. I like the commitment to Today in history. We also need to do more to keep our news section up-to-date, with heavier turnover than we had under the old design. All this means we need quite a few sysops working on it regularly. The design change has generated some enthusiasm, now we need sustained interest. --Michael Snow 23:03, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 17) I like the new main page a lot. It looks better, it's more categorized, and easier to access for first time users.  The pictures of the featured articles, news, etc makes it much more professional.  It does not have some of the categories the old one does eg: Welcome, newcomers however I don't mind.  The only thing I think would be nice is have an old version main page at least temporarily until people get used to the new one. ZackDude 23:38, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 18) I'm very happy overall with the new front page. Although total information content has dropped (with the movement of many things to the Community Main Page), it really grabs your attention with the photographs and immediately relevent facts. Derrick Coetzee 00:04, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 19) Simply put: nice job guys. - anon
 * 20) I really enjoy the look, though I'd shave a bit off the top (ie, move the Welcome to Wiki to a sidebar) and reduce the size of the topic boxes just a bit if I could get four boxes showing instead of just two (on my 17" monitor). Keep working on it! Denni 00:41, 2004 Feb 24 (UTC)
 * 21) The main page is lovely. The pictures are especially nice although maybe a little bit much.-Alex S 01:41, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 22) Creates a much better first impression. Looks more professional and modern. Well done guys. Splitting the community from encyclopedia elements is retrospectively a rather sensible move. ChrisG 01:59, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 23) Congratulations Eloquence (and others). Your hard work over the last week and a half have paid-off.The new main page moves us foward by a decade. mydogategodshat 02:41, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 24) Very professional looking. Should attract users of the encyclopedia (not just editors) and all to explore. Disagree with others that think it is a disaster. It looks great! - Marshman 02:35, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 25) No matter earlier discussion regarding the Plain vanilla main page, I would like to thank all people who volunteered their time and effort to make the new main page possible. Indeed, it's more beautiful. But we may still need to have something simpler for users with old computers, PDAs, etc. So, an additional plain vanilla main page wouldn't hurt, if we can maintain it. Optim 03:25, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 26) I'm a fan oof wikipedia anyway - but now have good reason to have it as my start page, great work and the new look is informative and attractive. Thanks to all those who put it together, as well as to all who participate in wikipedia and this resource! corqspy
 * 27) I like the new look of the main page. Congratulations and thank you, it is a huge improvement. -- Baldhur 11:13, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 28) This new frontpage is much more attractive! And it's a great idea to add a sample article... It's nice to read about other topics of ours without looking for it! Definitely, I love it! -pycoucou
 * 29) I loooove it! --Ryan and/or Mero 12:33, Feb 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * 30) Great new front page! Can we archive the subject mentioned in "Did you know..." and "Featured article", so that we don't repeat topics too quickly. Either archive the actual paragraphs of text used, or even just the topics in a list. -- user:zanimum
 * 31) But overall - a nice piece of work! Mikez 14:23, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 32) The new frontpage (2004-02-24) is great! It lets you go deep into the content, and just asks you to come back to see what's new. (..) Tero 14:49, 2004 Feb 24 (UTC)
 * 33) I like it! However there is too much focus on daily content updates, IMO - a bit different wording would be needed so we don't get mud on our face if we update a section too slowly. For example "this day in history" should be replaced by "Recent anniversaries" or something like it. (NOTE: This has been fixed) --mav 10:53, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 34) The Main Page is so much cooler than the previous Main Page.  Thank you, it makes Wikipedia make really professional.  RickK 07:26, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * 35) Great job w the front page, I think your going to attract ALOT more people w this format than the last one, its awesome! Woo-hoo! Sam Spade 08:57, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Miscelanneous
Do you collect barnstars? Here, have one, for your excellent work on #wikipedia!

Fennec 02:14, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * And for coding, and running the down-server, and everything else. Thank you! - Hephaestos|§ 02:18, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, guys! :)--Eloquence* 02:48, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)

Wikiquote box
Hi Erik. Just wanted to say that I think the Wikiquote box is a great idea. Danny 10:09, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

And I just wanted to agree. On biography pages, I always feel that a quotes section detracts from the overall article quality, whereas this enhances it. In fact, I believe it merits this barnstar. Filiocht 10:39, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Whee, thanks! :) Credit also goes to User:Topbanana who created a list of Wikipedia pages that have a Wikiquote equivalent.--Eloquence*

It is a great idea.-- user:zanimum

Wanted to add my priase, the wikiquote box is an excellent addition! — siro χ  o  20:45, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)

Yes, great job! I love it! --[[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 00:20, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii
. These are definitely the best pictures I've ever seen and I want to thank you for letting me discover them.]]

title: User:Eloquence/Positive feedback


text:
Ted Jolliffe

Edward Bigelow Jolliffe (March 2, 1909 – March 18, 1998) was a Canadian social democratic politician and lawyer from Ontario. He was the first leader of the Ontario section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and leader of the Official Opposition in the Ontario Legislature during the 1940s and 1950s. He was a Rhodes Scholar in the mid-1930s, and came back to Canada to help the CCF, after his studies were complete and being called to the bar in England and Ontario. After politics, he practised labour law in Toronto and would eventually become a labour adjudicator. In retirement, he moved to British Columbia, where he died in 1998.

Early life and education
His family had lived in Ontario for generations. His parents, the Reverend Charles and Gertrude Jolliffe, were missionaries for the Methodist Church of Canada, and were living near what was then known as Luchow, China. He was born at the Canadian Missionary hospital in Luchow, near Chunking on March 2, 1909. He was home-schooled in China by his mother until his early teens. When his family returned to Ontario, he attend Rockwood Public School and then went to high school at Guelph Collegiate Institute. He was an undergraduate at the University of Toronto's Victoria College, the United Church College. He became the head of the Victoria Student Council, and was a member of the Hart House Debates Committee. In 1930, he won the Maurice Cody scholarship, and then became one of Ontario's Rhodes Scholars that same year. He attended Christ Church, Oxford University for three years. As a member of Oxford's Labour Club, he met David Lewis, the club's leader and a fellow Canadian. Together they fought the Communist Red October club and fascists such as Lord Haw-Haw–William Joyce. Both he and Lewis planned a 'silent' protest at Joyce's February 1934 speech at Oxford. They carefully made sure that enough members from the Labour Club attended the meeting, and then in groups of two or three, strategically walked out of the speech, across the creaking wooden floors, effectively blotting out Joyce's speech. The Blackshirts in the audience then caused riots in the street after the meeting and Jolliffe and Lewis were in the thick of it.

His Oxford experiences made him a socialist and he joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation shortly after it was formed in 1932 during his summer vacation. He helped form an overseas branch of the CCF at Oxford that year. He was called to the bar in England, and was the first Canadian to win the Arden scholarship. When Jolliffe permanently returned from Oxford, he worked as the CCF's Ontario organizer and was called to the bar in Ontario and practised law in Toronto from 1938 onwards.

He was a candidate in the 1935 Canadian election in the Toronto riding of St. Paul's, placing fourth. He ran again in the 1940 federal election, this time in the York East electoral district. He was noted for calling out the former federal Conservative government for neglecting World War I soldiers on their return home, and that this time, "proper measures be taken to protect the future of Canadian soldiers and their dependents." He countered that a C.C.F. government would stop war profiteering and the protect the interests of the country's soldiers and "small taxpayers." He was soundly defeated, like every other Ontario CCF candidate, placing a distant third.

Leader and 1943 election
He became the first leader of the Ontario CCF in 1942. The following year, he led the party to within five seats of victory with 34 seats and 32% of the vote in the election of 1943 that elected a Conservative minority government under George Drew. He won the York South seat, and became its Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP).

1945 "Gestapo" campaign
In the 1945 Ontario election, Drew ran an anti-Semitic, union bashing, Red-baiting campaign. The previous two years of anti-socialist attacks by the Conservatives and their supporters, like Gladstone Murray and Montague A. Sanderson, were devastatingly effective against the previously popular CCF. Much of the source material for the anti-CCF campaign came from the Ontario Provincial Police(OPP)'s Special Investigation Branch's agent D-208: Captain William J. Osbourne-Dempster. His office was supposed to be investigating war-time 5th column saboteurs. Instead, starting in November 1943, he was investigating, almost exclusively, Ontario opposition MPPs, mainly focusing on the CCF caucus. The fact that Jolliffe knew about these 'secret' investigations as early as February 1944 led to one of the most infamous incidents in 20th-century Canadian politics.

May 24, 1945 radio speech
As can be discerned from the previous description, the 1945 campaign was anything but genteel and polite. Jolliffe replied by giving a radio speech (written with the assistance of Lister Sinclair) that accused Drew of running a political Gestapo in Ontario. In the speech excerpt below, Jolliffe alleged that a secret department of the Ontario Provincial Police was acting as a political police – spying on the opposition and the media.

It is my duty to tell you that Colonel Drew is maintaining in Ontario, at this very minute, a secret political police, a paid government spy organization, a Gestapo to try and keep himself in power. And Col[onel] Drew maintains his secret political police at the expense of the taxpayers of Ontario – paid out of the Public Funds... Now all through this election campaign, you've been hearing that the real issue is freedom versus dictatorship.... And I quite agree; there certainly is a very grave danger; and when you've heard all the facts, true facts, supported by affidavits, about Col[onel] Drew's Ontario Gestapo – Well, I'll let you decide for yourselves where the danger of dictatorship is coming from.

The dramatic tone of the speech is Sinclair's, as at the time, he was a dramatist, mostly writing for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). At the time, there was speculation among CCF supporters as to whether or not the speech damaged the party's reputation. But as Gerald Caplan maintains in his book The Dilemma of Canadian Socialism, the CCF was already at 21 percent in popular support in the Gallop poll just prior to the speech. On election day, they received 22 percent of the popular vote, so at best it added an extra percentage point of support. At worst, it didn't have an effect, which is highly unlikely.

Jolliffe's inflammatory speech became the main issue of the campaign, and dominated coverage in the media for the rest of the election. Drew, and his Attorney-General Leslie Blackwell vehemently denied Jolliffe's accusations, but the public outcry was too much for them to abate. On May 28, 1945, they appointed a Royal Commission to investigate these charges. Jolliffe's CCF and the Ontario Liberal party wanted the election suspended until the Commission tabled its report. Drew ignored these requests and continued to hold the election on its original date, despite it being many months before the Commission's findings could be made available.

Election Day, June 4, 1945
Jolliffe's CCF went from 34 seats to 8, but almost garnering the same number of actual votes cast, though their percentage of the popular vote dropped from 32 to 22 percent. Drew, with his attack campaign, successfully drove the voter turn-out up, thereby driving the CCF's percentage and seat totals down.

Monday, June 4, 1945, was one of Ontario's most important elections in the 20th century according to Caplan and David Lewis. It shaped the province for the next 40 years, as the Conservatives won a massive majority in the Legislature, and would remain in government for the next 40 consecutive years.

After going from 34 seats to 8, as Caplan puts it, "June 4 and June 11 [federal election], 1945, proved to be black days in CCF annuals: Socialism was effectively removed from the Canadian political agenda." The CCF would never fully recover from this defeat and would eventually cease as a party and morph into the Ontario New Democratic Party. Only then, and in the 1970s, did a social democratic party attain the popularity it had under Jolliffe in 1943.

For Ted Jolliffe, another election consequence was his tenure as the MPP from York South ended, at least for the time being. He lost the election but did better than any other CCF candidate in Toronto or in the outlying Yorks.

LeBel Royal Commission
Drew appointed Justice A.M. LeBel as the Royal Commissioner. His terms of reference were restricted to the question of whether Drew was personally responsible for the establishment of "a secret political police organization, for the purpose of collecting, by secret spying, material to be used in attempt to keep him in power. " Wider questions like why the OPP, Ontario Civil Servants, were keeping files on MPPs were not allowed.

Jolliffe would act as his own counsel throughout the commission, but was assisted by fellow CCF lawyer, Andrew Brewin. Both he and Brewin were able to establish, from several eyewitnesses, that agent D-208, Dempster, was spying on the CCF. What they could not prove, because they did not have access to the information in 1945, were the letters that Drew wrote to his supporter M.A. (Bugsy) Sanderson suggesting that he would finance any lawsuits or other charges stemming from the information provided by Dempster in his advertisements. Sanderson was, in late 1943 to 1945, along with Gladstone Murray, leading the libelous advertisement campaigns against the CCF in newspapers and bill-boards, with information gleaned from Dempster's briefings. Jolliffe presented several witnesses that claimed to have seen these documents. But Jolliffe could not produce the actual letter, and Drew would deny ever writing it.

On October 11, 1945, Justice LeBel issued his report that essentially exonerated Drew and Blackwell. Due to Jolliffe presenting only circumstantial evidence that linked Drew to Dempster, Murray and Sanderson, the Commissioner found the information unconvincing, even though LeBel believed Dempster's interaction with Sanderson and Murray was inappropriate.

Jolliffe's motives regarding his accusations, as well as his choice of words, would be questioned for many years afterwards. That would change. In the late 1970s, when David Lewis was doing research for his Memoirs he came across archival evidence proving the charge. Due to Lewis's discovery, Drew's son Edward, placed extremely restrictive conditions on his father's papers housed in the Public Archives of Canada that continue as of 2010.

As Lewis pointed out in his memoirs, "We found that Premier Drew and Gladstone Murray did not disclose all information to the Lebel Commission; indeed, they deliberately prevaricated throughout. The head of the Government of Ontario had given false witness under testimony.... The perpetrator of Ontario's Watergate got away with it."

Jolliffe faced a leadership challenge in 1946, but was re-elected CCF leader.

1948 re-elected MPP
As a result of the 1948 Ontario election, the CCF recovered, winning 21 seats. Jolliffe again became Leader of the Opposition in Ontario and Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for York South. In 1951, however, as a result of the Cold War and the "red scare", the CCF and labour movement acted to purge individuals (including CCF MPP Robert Carlin) suspected of being under Communist influence. Among the general public, support for socialism suffered: the CCF was reduced to only two seats in the 1951 election. Jolliffe lost his own seat and resigned as party leader in August 1953 in order to focus on his law practice.

Post MPP career
He returned to his previous career as a labour lawyer, founding the firm Jolliffe, Lewis and Osler with fellow CCF activist and future New Democratic Party leader, David Lewis in 1945. In the 1950s and 1960s, the firm assisted the United Steelworkers union in their fight with the Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers union in Sudbury, Ontario. In 1968, he was appointed Chief Adjudicator under the (federal) Public Service Staff Relations Act, a position he held until 1978. He then became active as a labour arbitrator until his retirement. In 1972, an historical novel he wrote, entitled The First Hundred, was published by McClelland and Stewart Limited.

Ted Jolliffe was the first social democratic leader of the opposition in Ontario's Legislature in 1943. He lived long enough to see Bob Rae and the NDP form the Ontario government in September 1990. He died on March 18, 1998, in Salt Spring Island, British Columbia.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ted Jolliffe


text:
User:Björn Sandberg~enwiki

Interests: History, Astronomy, the space program, various other stuff

title: User:Björn Sandberg~enwiki


text:
Shades of gray (disambiguation)

Shades of gray or shades of grey refers to variations of the color gray.

Shades of gray, Shades of grey or variations may also refer to:

Film and television

 * Shades of Gray (PMF 5047), a 1948 documentary produced as part of the U.S. Army's Professional Medical Film series
 * "Shades of Gray" (Heroes), the nineteenth episode of the third season
 * "Shades of Gray" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), the twenty-second episode of the second season
 * "Shades of Gray", the tenth episode of the first season of Danny Phantom
 * "Shades of Gray", episode 110 of the seventh season of Homicide: Life on the Street
 * "Shades of Grey", the fourth episode of the second season of The Joy of Painting
 * "Shades of Grey", the eighteenth episode of the third season of Stargate SG-1
 * "Shades of Gray", the sixth episode of the first season of Voltron: The Third Dimension

Literature

 * Shades of Gray, a superhero novel by Jackie Kessler and Caitlin Kittredge
 * Shades of Gray (Reeder novel), 1989 children's historical novel by Carolyn Reeder
 * Shades of Gray Comics and Stories, a comic book written and drawn by Jimmy Gownley
 * Shades of Grey: Glasgow, 1956–1986, a collection of photographs by Oscar Marzaroli including an essay by William McIlvanney
 * Shades of Grey, a 2009 novel by Jasper Fforde

Albums

 * Shades of Grey (Al Grey album), 1965
 * Shades of Gray (The Choir album), 1986
 * Shades of Grey, by Autumn's Grey Solace, 2006
 * Shades of Grey, by Braille, 2004

Songs

 * "Shades of Gray" (song), by the Monkees, 1967
 * "Shades of Grey" (Delilah song), 2012
 * "Shades of Gray", by Amanda Marshall from Tuesday's Child, 1999
 * "Shades of Gray", by Amorphis from Circle, 2013
 * "Shades of Grey", by Billy Joel from River of Dreams, 1993
 * "Shades of Gray", by Black Label Society from Catacombs of the Black Vatican, 2014
 * "Shades of Grey", by Drake Bell, 2010 (unreleased)
 * “Shades of Grey”, by Oliver Heldens and Shaun Frank, 2015
 * "Shades of Grey", by Overkill from I Hear Black, 1993
 * "Shades of Gray", by Robert Earl Keen from Picnic, 1997
 * "Shades of Grey", by Sam Sparro from Return to Paradise, 2012
 * "Shades of Grey", by Symphony X from Symphony X, 1994

title: Shades of gray (disambiguation)


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Michael Cassidy (Canadian politician)

Michael Morris Cassidy (born May 10, 1937) is a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1984, and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1988. Cassidy was the leader of the New Democratic Party of Ontario from 1978 to 1982.

Background
Cassidy was born in Victoria, British Columbia, the son of Beatrice Pearce and Harry Cassidy, who was a founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a one-time candidate for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party, and dean of the School of Social Work at the University of Toronto. After graduating from the University of Toronto Schools, he attended the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto, and the London School of Economics. Cassidy worked as a journalist before entering political life, and was bureau chief of the Financial Times in Ottawa for a period.

Politics
Cassidy was elected as an Ottawa alderman in January 1970. The following year, he was elected to the Ontario legislature for Ottawa Centre in the 1971 provincial election. Cassidy defeated Progressive Conservative candidate Garry Guzzo, who later served in the legislature from 1995 to 2003, by 182 votes. He did not immediately resign from his council seat, and held both positions until the provincial government banned concurrent tenure in 1972. Focussing on provincial politics, Cassidy was re-elected with an increased majority in the 1975 election, in which the NDP under Stephen Lewis reduced the Conservatives to a minority government and became the official opposition in the legislature.

The NDP fell back to third place, behind the Liberal Party, in the 1977 provincial election, and Lewis resigned as leader the following year. Cassidy entered the contest to succeed him and defeated Ian Deans and Michael Breaugh in February 1978. He had a difficult job following Lewis, who was a charismatic and dynamic figure. Cassidy, by comparison, had a rather dry personality. He was also the most left-wing of the three leadership candidates, and was not fully trusted by the party establishment. Cassidy's policy advisor in the leadership campaign was James Laxer, a former leader of The Waffle NDP faction which had separated from the party in 1974. Some members of the NDP caucus considered his election as a serious mistake and encouraged him to resign before contesting an election. Cassidy ignored this advice and remained as leader.

The NDP fared poorly in the 1981 election, falling from 33 seats to 21. Their decline allowed the Progressive Conservatives to regain a majority government, while the Liberals neither gained nor lost seats. Cassidy faced a difficult re-election in Ottawa Centre, defeating PC candidate David Small by only 599 votes. He stepped down as leader after the campaign, and was replaced in 1982 by Bob Rae. Donald C. MacDonald, another former NDP leader, would later describe Cassidy's leadership as "an unhappy interlude for both him and the party". (MacDonald, The Happy Warrior, p. 186.)

Cassidy then resigned as Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in 1984 to enter national politics. He campaigned for the federal New Democratic Party in the 1984 election, defeating Progressive Conservative candidate Dan Chilcott by 54 votes to win the Ottawa Centre riding; two-term Liberal MP John Leslie Evans fell to third place. He served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. He lost his seat in the 1988 election, coming 762 votes behind Liberal challenger Mac Harb.

Cassidy was appointed to the board of directors of Ontario Hydro in the early 1990s, during Bob Rae's tenure as premier. He was fired without notice on January 10, 1996 by the Progressive Conservative government of Mike Harris, but was reinstated by a court order on January 19. Cassidy opposed the Harris government's plan to restructure and partially privatize the Crown corporation, and remained a director until 1997.

Later life
In 2005, Cassidy became involved in a battle to protect Tay River and the surrounding area from exploitation by multinational developers. He published an essay on the controversy in October 2005. Cassidy has also operated the Ottawa-based Ginger Group Consultants firm, providing lobbying, strategic planning and public relations work for labour organizations and related groups.

He was elected to Council in the Township of Lanark Highlands in 2003 but was defeated in 2006.

title: Michael Cassidy (Canadian politician)


text:
User:23lawrencelaw

May I know whether you have the copywrite to post those photos? Thanks

title: User:23lawrencelaw


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Wikipedia talk:Main Page alternatives/(simple layout)

I created this version of the Main Page with the hope that it will be useful to users with really old browsers and those that have low resolution screens. --mav

 * Its very good for the laptop, please keep it --BozMo|talk 15:33, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

it will be goog for ie 2. --Jew 10:10, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

All discussion not specifically related to page layout should occur on Talk:Main Page.

moved from the village pump I noticed the new front page design which has the ability to switch between a table version and nontable version. I was just wondering why the nontable version is so neutered? A CSS version of the table-based design is perfectly possible. I'm fairly into the whole "CSS thing" so I was wondering if there's some sort of place where this type is decided or where people can contribute? -- 132.162.225.93 06:12, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I just want to let people know that I like this non-table version even though I use a high resolution. I have never liked a cluttered table versions, both new and old ones and this is nice and like the new main page, has nice information like in the news and a summary of a featured article. -- Taku 23:28, Mar 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * I also like it on a high-res monitor. (I use the normal main page more often, though, out of habit.)  As for the CSS question, CSS also isn't supported in really old browsers, and doesn't do much for people who don't like table layout or have tiny screens. +sj+ 06:31, 2004 May 22 (UTC)

I hate tables, fonts, colors, CSS, javascripts, Java applets, align= ... everything other than contents. I am using a 15" LCD. I tried my best to make my Netscape 4.8 behave more like Lynx -- the plain-text browser. Why can't they stop fooling around with the layout? This stupid edit box doesn't even do word-wrap. This is lousy.

Something is wrong with both the alignment and the fontsize
I can't figure out what, though.

Here is a screenshot from Camino (Gecko) 0.7:

✏ Sverdrup 20:17, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I see the same thing - even past version I know looked OK such as are all messed up. Everything works fine in the old skin see:

 * [[Image:Maveric149-temp.png|300px|]]

 * So it must be the new skin. --mav 04:33, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for this version
This page loads much faster and is much more readable than the normal main page on my PDA. which has only.VGA resolution.gadfium 01:38, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I'm using Palm Web Pro, and I can't find a page anywhere on the site that gives me a search form. I can see everything else on the page, but not the search form. Makes an encyclopedia sort of useless.

Protection
Hey, why is this page protected? I can't edit! -- Taku 04:54, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it was protected simply because the main page is. I personally don't find it justified, considering the main page was protected because it is our welcome mat and a target for vandalism, but this page is not. Because it was not even correctly listed at Protected pages, as policy mandates, I have unprotected it. If a protection war ensues, feel free to visit  Protected pages and complain. Deco 07:44, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

page name
the purpose of this page seems not to be to eliminate tables, but to eliminate elaborate layout. Perhaps the name should reflect this fact. We could name it Main Page (simple layout) or perhaps beacsue of lack of layout it loads faster we could name it Main Page (fast). Other names which come to mind: Main Page (less layout), Simple Main Page. Any comments? --MarSch 14:25, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

 * well, if noone has any ideas, I guess I'll have to be bold.... --MarSch 09:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

portals
I've added a new template with portals. Please give your opinion about it. --MarSch 09:16, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

featured picture
I've added a featured picture section, but it will only work today so far. This is because the ordinary POTD templates feature a box and heading, making them incompatible with this page. Please help find a solution --MarSch 11:57, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Two featured articles?
Why are there two sections for featured article? --Puzzlet Chung 16:13, 6 December 2005 (UTC)


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SMRT Corporation

SMRT Corporation is a multi-modal public transport operator in Singapore operating bus and rail services. A subsidiary of the Government of Singapore's Temasek Holdings, it was established on 6 August 1987 and listed on the Singapore Exchange from 26 July 2000 until 31 October 2016. It is one of the two major operators of Singapore's rail services along with SBS Transit.

Besides public transport, SMRT Corporation is involved in leasing advertising and commercial spaces within the transport network it operates, as well as in engaging operations and maintenance services, project management and engineering consultancy in Singapore and overseas. It also operates other transport services under its subsidiary Strides.

Background
In 1967, city planners forecast a need for a rail-based urban transport system in Singapore by 1992. Initial opposition by prominent ministers, among them Finance Minister Goh Keng Swee and Trades and Industry Minister Tony Tan, nearly shuttered the program due to financial grounds and concerns of jobs saturation in the construction industry. Goh instead endorsed the idea of an all-bus system recommended by Harvard University specialists, who argued would reduce the cost by 50% compared to the proposed MRT system. Public opinion was split on the matter, with several expressing concerns on the high cost and others being more focused on increasing the standard of living. Following a debate on whether a bus-only system would be more cost-effective, Communications Minister Ong Teng Cheong came to the conclusion that an all-bus system would be inadequate, as it would have to compete for road space in a land-scarce country. Ong was an architect and town planner by training and through his perseverance and dedication became the main figure behind the initial construction of the system.

Singapore's MRT infrastructure is built, operated, and managed in accordance with a hybridised quasi-nationalised regulatory framework called the New Rail Financing Framework (NRFF), in which the lines are constructed and the assets owned by the Land Transport Authority, a statutory board of the Government of Singapore.

Mass Rapid Transit Corporation
The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC) was established on 14 October 1983 and took over the roles and responsibilities of the former provisional Mass Rapid Transit Authority.

On 7 November 1987, the MRTC commenced operating services on Singapore's first Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) section, consisting of five stations from Yio Chu Kang to Toa Payoh. On 1 September 1995, MRTC, along with Roads & Transportation Division of the Public Works Department and Land Transportation Division of the Ministry of Communications, merged to form the Land Transport Authority. The operations of the MRT system were regrouped under SMRT Limited, as a private state-owned company owned by the government's investment arm Temasek Holdings.

Privatisation
In 1998, ownership of the rail assets encompassing the operation of the MRT system network were transferred to SMRT Limited. The process was executed under a License and Operating Agreement, which stated the maintenance obligation of SMRT Limited covering the infrastructures and assets of the transit system. On 26 July 2000, SMRT Limited was listed on the Singapore Exchange as SMRT Corporation, with Temasek Holdings selling 33% of its shares.

In July 2001, SMRT launched a takeover bid for Trans-Island Bus Services (TIBS) that was accepted. The transaction was completed in December 2001, with TIBS being operated as a wholly owned subsidiary. As part of a corporate rebranding programme, TIBS was rebranded as SMRT Buses in May 2004.

Nationalisation
In September 2016, Temasek Holdings completed a successful takeover bid for the 46% of SMRT that it did not own which resulted in SMRT being delisted from the Singapore Exchange and returning to government control. All its train operating assets were sold to the government under the Land Transport Authority's new Rail Financing Framework. The bus operating assets were also sold to the government under Land Transport Authority's Bus Contracting Model.

Being asset light will allow SMRT to focus on the operational reliability of the public transport system and its business ventures overseas.

The buy-out was approved by the High Court of Singapore and the last day of trading of SMRT shares was 18 October 2016.

From 1 October 2016, the Land Transport Authority assumed all the rail operating assets from SMRT under a New Rail Financing Framework that allows the company to focus on its operational reliability.

Post nationalisation
In 2023, SMRT Corporation merged its taxi operations under Strides Taxi with Premier Taxis to form Strides Premier.

Operations
SMRT's primary business is providing public-transport services in Singapore, with operations in the following (as of 2015):
 * SMRT Buses – a fleet of up to 1,200 buses, serving the majority of housing estates in northern and north-western Singapore.
 * SMRT Trains – 119 stations along the North South, East West, Circle and the Thomson–East Coast lines of the MRT network. Also operates 13 stations along the Bukit Panjang LRT line.

title: SMRT Corporation


text:
Talk:Bertel Thorvaldsen

Untitled
Very few people out of Carrara, my city, know that there are some beautiful terracotta reliefs, by Thorvaldsen and his best pupil Pietro Tenerani of Carrara made when the danish sculptor was in my town for marble. The reliefs are on the facade of an old bilding, once sculptor Vaccà house and atelier,near Cybo-Malaspina castle, since eighteen century the Fine Art Academy of Carrara. friendly Prof. Renato Vita I.I.S. "Leonardo da Vinci", Villafranca Lunigiana, Massa-Carrara

Spelling Thorwaldsen vs. Thorvaldsen
Rival article:

There is another article on this artist, under a variant (incorrect?) name: "Bertel Thorwaldsen." Should that title be corrected, and the two articles merged? Logologist 18:37, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Parallel article is now redirected. Lee M 18:48, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Here's the relevant discussion from the parallel article:
 * It appears that his name was spelled with a "v": Thorvaldsen.  Should the title be corrected--and perhaps this article merged with the "Bertel Thorvaldsen" article?  Logologist 18:23, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes. Lee M 00:31, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I think there is a pretty good chance that he himself spelled it Thorwaldsen. Danish spelling reforms dropping the W from normal use came after his time. Gene Nygaard 14:45, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Before the early nineteenth century, Danish spelling was a complete mess, and Rasmus Rask was the first to begin standardizing it. This happend in the early nineteenth century. Before that, both the V and W were used for the same sound (IPA: /v/) but since then, the W was limited to proper names derived from German. Other Germanisms weeded out included the use of Sch instead of Sk (IPA: /sk/). Reading through a sixteenth-century text is even worse, with the spelling being a mix of Latin and German practices. Rasmus Rask made an early attempt to standardize Danish spelling, but the first government-approved standard was only introduced after the reform of 1875. The W never died out completely due German proper names, e.g. the important Reventlow (sic!) family. Until the spelling reform of 1980, the W was merely considered a variation of the V, not an actual letter in its own right. No doubt people used both forms during the (first) part of his life, starting somewhere around the 1830s, it would most likely have been considered incorrect to use a "W". Valentinian (talk) / (contribs) 23:08, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Additional text
The following is material from the parallel article which was not merged with this article because it was semi-redundant, but included here for completeness: On the whole Thorwaldsen was the most successful of all the imitators of classical sculpture, and many of his statues of pagan deities are modelled with much of the antique feeling for breadth and purity of design. His attempts at Christian sculpture, such as the tomb of Pius VII in St Peter's and the "Christ and Apostles" at Copenhagen, are less successful, and were not in accordance with the sculptor's real sympathies, which were purely classic.

Thorwaldsen worked sometimes with feverish eagerness; at other times he was idle for many months together. A great number of his best works exist in private collections in England. His not very successful statue of Lord Byron, after being refused a place in Westminster Abbey, was finally deposited in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. The most widely popular among Thorwaldsen's works have been some of his bas-reliefs, such as the "Night" and the "Morning," which he is said to have modelled in one day.

LEGO
A group at the new Önsta-Gryta church (opened at Easter, 2007) of Önsta Parish in Västerås, Sweden, is planning in the fall 2007 to build a copy of Thorvaldsen's Christ in all-white LEGO. Some 20,000 bricks will be required for the man-size statue, and they are asking for donations of LEGO bricks. Reference:. According to the parish newsletter issue 4/2007 (församlingsblad (PDF), julen 2007), a project group at ABB Industrigymnasium highschool in Västerås has made a 3D scan of a copy of the statue. The resulting 3D model has been sliced into 221 horizontal planes. Each slice, corresponding to a unit height LEGO brick, is then segmented into squares corresponding to 2×2 sized LEGO bricks. --LA2 12:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Nu är Lego-Jesus på plats, Swedish news website Nyheter24, April 12, 2009. --LA2 (talk) 16:30, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Icelandic?
His father was icelandic yes, but Thorvaldsen never set foot on Iceland and Iceland was a part of Denmark-Norway at that time. The article gives much too much weight to his icelandic heritage, which by no means was an important influence on his work - it would be more reasonable to describe him as danish/italian - he lived 40 years in Rome and his work is distinctly in a neo-classicist tradition.·Maunus· ƛ · 14:38, 4 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Not only was he most likely born in Iceland but his father was a great wood carver and an obvious source of his artistic skills.-130.208.183.161 (talk) 08:24, 4 August 2010 (UTC)
 * There is no evidence to suggest that he was born or Iceland, or ever visited Iceland for that matter. His father's skill or influence has little relevance for the question of his son's nationality.User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 23:53, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Maybe the article should have even more Icelandic twist. It seems that the name Bertel Thorvaldsen is an Icelandic name and the article should be marked with the template Icelandic name. Likewise, all references to Thorvaldsen in the article body should be removed and replaced with Bertel. -- Petri Krohn (talk) 21:42, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Thorvaldsen is not an Icelandic name, but a Danish one - the corresponding Icelandic name would be Þorvaldsson. But his fathers name was not Thorvald but Gottskalk, so if he had been named according to Icelandic patronymic naming custom his name would have been Bertel Gottskalkson. But he was not, he was named according to Danish naming family custom and his fathers Icelandic surname was Danified to its Danish equivalent and became a family name.User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 23:53, 26 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The most commonly used form of his name in Danish as well as in English is the non-Icelandic (referring to Thorvaldsen as a surname). This was even the case during his own lifetime as can be seen in the letter archive of his personal letters where everyone refers to him as "Thorvaldsen" in letters that Thorvaldsen himself received. So in my opinion replacing the current form with the Icelandic one would be undue weight. --Saddhiyama (talk) 13:56, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

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E book available
The following is now available in English from Amazon - currently E-book only as paperback (2019) reissue is out of stock. I get lost trying to see where it would fit in the current article, so please may I leave that to others?

 * The Life of Thorvaldsen, Collected from the Danish of J. M. Thiele, by M. R. Barnard Paperback – 8 Aug. 2019 This is a reproduction of the original artefact from 1865 translated by M R Barnard.

If someone has a copy, and can authenticate the story of the cakes at Malta - see Lorentz Fisker - a better reference on Lorentz Fisker's page would be appreciated! Viking1808 (talk) 10:49, 11 June 2020 (UTC)

birth date
The article has an entire paragraph about his birth date being unknown, yet there is one given in the infobox and at the beginning of the article (without a citation). So what is it? --jonas (talk) 19:02, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bertel Thorvaldsen


text:
Miner 2049er

Miner 2049er is a platform game developed for Atari 8-bit computers by Bill Hogue and released by his company, Big Five Software, in 1982. The player controls Bounty Bob through multiple levels of a mine, with the goal of traversing all of the platforms while avoiding or defeating enemy mutants. At a time when "climbing games" such as Donkey Kong had four screens, Miner 2049er had ten.

The game was Hogue's first for the Atari 8-bit line, and his first in color, following a string of games for the black-and-white TRS-80. It shipped on a custom 16 kilobyte ROM cartridge compared to the standard 8 kilobyte Atari computer cartridges. The game was ported to the TI-99/4A, IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Commodore 64, and VIC-20 computers as well the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, ColecoVision, and Super Cassette Vision consoles. The Atari 2600 version was split into two separate releases, each containing three levels.

Miner 2049er received positive press throughout 1983, appearing on best-of lists, with critics complimenting its colors, game design, and originality. The game influenced other platform games of the 1980s, such as Manic Miner. Video magazine's editors commented on the game's popularity in January 1984, declaring it "the most widely played home electronic game of all time" and that "no home-arcade title has had the impact" that Miner 2049er had. While the game received positive reviews in retrospectives from IGN and AllGame, Richard Stanton, in his book A Brief History of Video Games (2015), stated that Miner 2049er ended up mostly forgotten in the wake of Super Mario Bros. (1985).

Gameplay

Miner 2049er features Bounty Bob, who has chased an evil miner into a series of uranium mines. To complete a stage, Bob must survey the mine by moving left and right across every part of the floor of each level. The levels are full of hazards, including gaps in platforms, slides, radioactive waste, and mutants. The mutants can kill Bob by touching him, but they can be defeated if Bob collects prospecting gear, such as candles and drills, and then touches the mutants. Other game elements include lifts, cannons, and transporters, which can rapidly move Bob to different parts of the screen.

The original and Atari 5200 versions of the game have ten levels, but this varies in the ports. The Atari 2600 version has three (and there is a Volume II cartridge with three more), ColecoVision has eleven, and the TI-99/4A has eight.

Development
Miner 2049er was programmed by Bill Hogue of Big Five Software of Van Nuys, California. The game was Hogue's first for Atari computers, following games he developed for TRS-80 computers. His team chose to develop for the Atari system, as they felt it was the best combination of graphics and sound. The graphics and audio in the game are credited to Curtis A. Mikolyski, Jeff Konyu, Kelly Bakst, and Hogue. It was the group's first color computer game. Hogue stated that he was obsessed with the advanced color capabilities of the Atari computers: 15 different colors on the screen at any one time. A black-and-white version was developed for TRS-80 computers, but it was never released. The game was released on a 16-kilobyte ROM cartridge—a large amount of storage at the time, with other games for the Atari 400 and 800 computers such as Star Raiders and Missile Command requiring only 8-kilobyte ROMs. The group designed their own circuit boards to store the game at this size. The game was written in assembly language on an Atari computer. Hogue wanted to blend together the elements he found fun from different arcade games; specifically, the climbing from Donkey Kong (1981) and both traversing the entire screen and enemies who can be made vulnerable from Pac-Man (1980). He recollected that "I was never very good at Pac-Man, so I'm not sure why I borrowed any elements from the game." The gameplay was developed first, followed later by the mining theme and narrative. Some versions of the game feature the song "Clementine" while others do not.

Mike Livesay designed the adaptations of the game for the Apple II computer and for Colecovision. Livesay initially approached Micro Fun about adapting the game for Colecovision but was turned down by the company, which stated that they did not want third-party games. Despite this, Livesay reverse-engineered the Colecovision and developed his own kit for it based on the Apple II. Livesay eventually got Micro Fun to agree to do the Colecovision version of the game, allowing him time to make more levels for it. He later recalled that "six months later I was making $15,000 a month in royalties, which was a huge amount for a single, 24-year-old kid in the early '80s."

Release
Miner 2049er was released for Atari computers in December 1982. This version of the game sold well, with one review stating that it sold in similar quantities to the highly publicized Ultima II. In 1983, the game was released for various systems, including the Atari 2600 in May, the Atari 5200 in July, the Colecovision in August, the TI-99/4A for October, and the IBM PC by November. The game was the first independently produced game released for the Atari 5200 and the ColecoVision. The game would be released in Japan for systems like the Super Cassette Vision.

Joaquin Boaz said in InfoWorld that Miner 2049er was "selling like crazy". Computer Entertainer reported that the ColecoVision version of the game by Micro Fun was the number-one-selling video game of the year. In Video's Arkie Awards from January 1984, the game was described as "the most widely played home electronic game of all time", and the article also said that "no home-arcade title has had the impact" that the game had had to date. In a 2007 interview, Hogue reflected on the popularity of the game, saying that it was "a simple game and it's clear at first glance what needs to be done to finish a level. But as you're playing along you discover it wasn't quite as easy as you thought."

In 2001, Hogue released the game and its sequel, Bounty Bob Strikes Back!, for free online with an embedded Atari 8-bit computer emulator. Hogue said that he released it this way, as opposed to releasing the games' ROMs, as "I'd spent so much time back in the Eighties tweaking those color registers to achieve perfection and I wanted to see the game that way again." Magmic released the game for mobile devices in 2007. The mobile version of the game featured a new, contemporary version of the game as well as the original, which was coded from scratch. Both the Atari 800 and Atari 2600 versions of Miner2049er were included as part of the Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration (2022) compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Steam, and Xbox One.

Reception
Tom Hudson in ANALOG Computing had trouble believing that the game fit on a 16K cartridge and said that it was "one of those rare games which looks as if it were designed, not just thrown together." He noted that the mine and Bob weren't "just one-color graphics, but detailed multicolor objects" and that "the game itself was not abandoned in favor of graphics". Boaz declared the game to be a "gourmet's delight that offers many, many levels of challenge" and applied "skillful use of colors" with its randomly generated palettes that broke up the monotony. A reviewer credited as "MTY" in the magazine Softline found that despite being similar to Donkey Kong, Pac-Man, and Apple Panic, the game was original and that "unlike many arcade games, Miner doesn't require you to get faster as the pace picks up in order to attain the next level. It requires you to develop the different skills needed to survive."

Computer Entertainer declared Bill Hogue the designer of the year in their 1983 awards listing. Miner 2049er was awarded "1984 Electronic Game of the Year" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards. Scott Mace listed it as the "best arcade-type computer game" of 1983. InfoWorld praised its unique gameplay elements, action, and humor, saying that "you won't find anything like Miner in the arcades. That in itself is cause for celebration." It noted that in a year of "endless adaptation of arcade games, some good, most bad", that the game out-donkey-kongs' Donkey Kong".

Reviewing the VIC-20 version, The Video Game Update found the game "addictive" with graphics that were "less than outstanding", but said that "there are enough challenges in this game to keep the player busy for many, many hours of frustration and triumph." The magazine also reviewed the Atari 2600 version, noting that the limitations of the Atari 2600 system meant that the graphics were "sacrificed somewhat" and the game was "considerably slower and less fluid than in the original computer game, but this version is still a very good game in its own right." The publisher declared the Intellivision version to be the "best climbing game yet" for the system.

In retrospective reviews, Computer and Video Games gave the Colecovision version an 82% rating in 1989, recommending it for fans of traditional platform games as one of the best on the system. Brett Alan Weiss reviewed the Atari 5200 version, declaring it "one of the best games of the early 1980s", noting that it was fast-paced, intricately designed, and a very long and diverse game. He said that unlike those in Donkey Kong, pathways were not immediately obvious, and this made the game fun and more challenging. Levi Buchanan of IGN declared the mobile version to be "a pixel-perfect recreation of the original", finding the controls responsive for a mobile game. He found that the game was fun in 1984 and was also fun in 2007, and that the game merited a new audience. He recommended it for fans of games like Donkey Kong and BurgerTime. The mobile version was later released for iOS.

Legacy
Multiple games were directly influenced by Miner 2049er, such as Manic Miner, with its underground setting and oxygen levels measured with a timer. Matthew Smith, the creator of Manic Miner said that Miner 2049er was a major influence on his games and that Big Five Software made the best games on the Tandy. A follow-up titled Scraper Caper was announced in 1983 but never released. Hogue later claimed to have thrown away the disks and tapes containing Scraper Caper.

Livesay was working on a game for Micro Fun titled Miner 2049er II, a title unrelated to Scraper Caper. It was set to be released for the Apple II, Commodore 64, Colecovision, and IBM PC. It was released for the Apple II in the fourth quarter of 1984.

The next game in the series was Bounty Bob Strikes Back!, released in 1985. Hogue stated that following the video game crash of 1983 and the release of Bounty Bob Strikes Back!, Big Five Software started scaling back their company operations until it was run out of Hogue's home; he eventually closed the company.

Richard Stanton, in his book A Brief History of Video Games (2015), stated that Miner 2049er contributed to the popularity of platform games on systems like the ZX Spectrum. Mindscape released a version of the game for the Game Boy in the early 1990s. Hogue recalled that the Game Boy version was "a really poor sales performer". Following the release of Super Mario Bros. (1985), Stanton said that Miner 2049er was "forgotten" and that Nintendo's game made it "look like a fossil".

title: Miner 2049er


text:
Magnetic cartridge

A magnetic cartridge, more commonly called a phonograph cartridge or phono cartridge or (colloquially) a pickup, is an electromechanical transducer that is used to play phonograph records on a turntable.

The cartridge contains a removable or permanently mounted stylus, the tip - usually a gemstone, such as diamond or sapphire - of which makes physical contact with the record's groove. In popular usage and in disc jockey jargon, the stylus, and sometimes the entire cartridge, is often called the needle. As the stylus tracks the serrated groove, it vibrates a cantilever on which is mounted a permanent magnet which moves between the magnetic fields of sets of electromagnetic coils in the cartridge (or vice versa: the coils are mounted on the cantilever, and the magnets are in the cartridge). The shifting magnetic fields generate an electrical current in the coils. The electrical signal generated by the cartridge can be amplified and then converted into sound by a loudspeaker.

History
The first commercially successful type of electrical phonograph pickup was introduced in 1925. Although electromagnetic, its resemblance to later magnetic cartridges is remote: it employed a bulky horseshoe magnet and used the same single-use steel needles which had been standard since the first mechanical transfer disc record players appeared in the 1890s. This early type of magnetic pickup dominated the market well into the 1930s, but by the end of that decade it had been superseded by the comparatively lightweight piezoelectric crystal pickup type,.however the use of short-lived disposable metal needles remained standard. During the years immediately following World War II, as old record players with very heavy pickups were replaced, precision-ground and long-lasting stylus tips made of sapphire or the exotic hard metal osmium were increasingly popular. However, records made for home use were still made of the same abrasive shellac compound formulated to rapidly wear down the points of steel needles to fit the groove.

The introduction of the 33$1⁄3$ rpm record LP "album" in 1948 and the 45 rpm record "single" in 1949 prompted consumers to upgrade to a new multi-speed record player with the required smaller-tipped "microgroove" stylus. Sapphire and diamond then became the standard stylus tip materials. At first, the new styli came installed in smaller, lighter piezoelectric crystal or ceramic cartridges of the general type found in inexpensive self-contained portable record players throughout the phonographic era. Ceramic cartridges continue to be used in most of the "retro" and compact record players currently being made, in part because they are comparatively robust and resistant to damage from careless handling, but mostly because they are inexpensive. However, during the 1950s, a new generation of small, lightweight, highly compliant magnetic cartridges appeared and quickly found favor among high-fidelity enthusiasts because of their audibly superior performance. The high compliance also reduced record wear. They soon became standard in all but the cheapest component audio systems and are the most common type of pickup cartridge in use today.

Design and construction
The cartridge consists of several components: the stylus, cantilever, magnets, coils and body. The stylus is the part that, when in use, is the interface with the record surface and tracks the modulations in the groove. It is typically made of a small polished diamond or other industrial gemstone. The cantilever supports the stylus, and transmits the vibrations from it to the coil/magnet assembly. The former is typically made of boron or aluminium, and previously beryllium although some manufacturers market models with exotic gemstone cantilevers. Most models of moving magnet cartridges have detachable stylus–cantilever sub-assemblies that allow for their replacement without the need to remove and replace the entire cartridge when the stylus has become worn.

Coupled to the tonearm, the cartridge body's function is to give the moving parts a stationary platform so that they can track the groove with precision.

Types
In high-fidelity systems, crystal and ceramic pickups have been replaced by the magnetic cartridge, using either a moving magnet or a moving coil.

Compared to the crystal and ceramic pickups, the magnetic cartridge usually gives improved playback fidelity and reduced record wear by tracking the groove with lighter pressure. Magnetic cartridges use lower tracking forces and thus reduce the potential for groove damage. They also have a lower output voltage than a crystal or ceramic pickup, in the range of only a few millivolts, thus requiring greater amplification.

Moving Magnet (MM) and Moving Iron (MI) cartridges
In a moving magnet cartridge, the stylus cantilever carries a tiny permanent magnet, which is positioned between two sets of fixed coils (in a stereophonic cartridge), forming a tiny electromagnetic generator. As the magnet vibrates in response to the stylus following the record groove, it induces a tiny current in the coils.

Because the magnet is small and has little mass, and is not coupled mechanically to the generator (as in a ceramic cartridge), a properly adjusted stylus follows the groove more faithfully while requiring less tracking force (the downward pressure on the stylus).

Moving iron and induced magnet types (ADC being a well-known example) have a moving piece of iron or other ferrous alloy coupled to the cantilever (instead of a magnet), while a permanent, bigger magnet is over the coils, providing the necessary magnetic flux.

Moving Coil (MC) cartridges
The MC design is again a tiny electromagnetic generator, but (unlike an MM design) with the magnet and coils reversed: the coils are attached to the cantilever, and move within the field of a permanent magnet. The coils are tiny and made from very fine wire.

Since the number of windings that can be supported in such an armature is small, the output voltage level is correspondingly small. The resulting signal is only a few hundred microvolts, and thus more easily swamped by noise, induced hum, etc. Thus it is more challenging to design a preamplifier with the extremely low noise inputs needed for moving-coil cartridge, therefore a "step up transformer" is sometimes used instead.

However, there are available many "high output" moving coil cartridges that have output levels similar to MM cartridges.

Moving coil cartridges are extremely small precision instruments and are therefore generally expensive, but are frequently preferred by audiophiles due to a subjectively better performance.

Moving Micro Cross (MMC) cartridges
The MMC design was invented and patented by Bang & Olufsen. The MMC cartridge is a variation of the Moving Iron (MI) design. Magnets and coils are stationary while a micro cross moves with the stylus, thereby varying the distances between the arms of the cross and the magnets. It is claimed that the MMC design allows for superior channel separation, since each channel's movements appear on a separate axis.

Moving Magnet vs. Moving Coil
Moving magnet cartridges are more commonly found at the 'lower-end' of the market, while the 'higher-end' tends to be dominated by moving coil designs. The debate as to whether MM or MC designs can ultimately produce the better sound is often heated and subjective. The distinction between the two is often blurred by cost and design considerations - e.g. can an MC cartridge requiring another step-up amplification outperform well made MM cartridges that need simpler front-end stages?

 * MC cartridges offer very low inductance and impedance, which means that the effects of capacitance (in the cable that goes from the cartridge to the preamp) are negligible, unlike MM cartridges, which comparatively sport very high inductance and impedance. In the latter, cable capacitance can negatively affect the flatness of frequency response and linearity of phase response. This would account for a potential sonic advantage to MC types.
 * It is generally believed that MC cartridges sport lower moving masses. However, quality MM cartridges are able to offer as low or lower moving mass than some MC cartridges. For example, the state-of-the-art Technics EPC-100CMK4 with 0.055 mg of effective tip mass, of moving magnet design. Comparatively, the popular Denon DL-301 moving coil cartridge has an effective tip mass of 0.270 mg.
 * To discriminate cartridges by engine (MC vs MM) overlooks the fact that the stylus tip shape (conical vs elliptical vs advanced shapes), mounting (bonded vs nude), cantilever material (aluminum vs boron vs beryllium) and cantilever design (solid rod vs rolled tube) have a significant influence in the sound, and this may account for more variation of sound quality than the engine type used.

MM cartridges generally have output of 3-6 mV, compatible with the MM inputs of preamplifiers. MC cartridges come in two varieties, low output (usually < 1.0 mV) and high output (more than 1.5 mV); there are also some with very low output (0.3 mV or less). High output MC cartridges are a concession to compatibility with older preamp MM inputs; low output MC cartridges may generate excessive noise or have insufficient preamp gain to drive amplifiers to their rated output if used on MM inputs. Most solid state preamplifiers have separate high gain, low noise MC inputs to accommodate these. Cartridges with very low output need a separate pre-phono amplification stage before input to an MC or MM preamplifier stage.

"London Decca" Cartridges
The Decca phono cartridges were a unique design, with fixed magnets and coils. The stylus shaft was composed of the diamond tip, a short piece of soft iron, and an L-shaped cantilever made of non-magnetic steel. Since the iron was placed very close to the tip (within 1 mm), the motions of the tip could be tracked very accurately. Decca engineers called this "positive scanning". Vertical and lateral compliance was controlled by the shape and thickness of the cantilever. Decca cartridges had a reputation for being very musical; however early versions required more tracking force than competitive designs - making record wear a concern.

title: Magnetic cartridge


text:
Talk:Academy Awards/Archive 1

This is a good place
This is a good place for general "committee" discussions on how the various sub-articles are to be organized, or to telegraph each other's work plans to avoid duplicating each other's efforts. Eclecticology

 * Good idea. I'm working now on the supporting actress nominees and screen plays - original Danny

I've gone as far as I reasonably can with Best Picture and Animated short. As I indicated once before my easy information source only goes to 1987, and even though I could slowly pick off the info from IMDB, my time would be better spent for now developing other categories. Hint! Hint! to other than Danny, who's already contributing a lot.

In the near term I'm looking to insure that there is a separate article for every Best Picture Oscar winner, and for every nominee with an ambiguous title, but that's a one off sort of thing as and when the spirit moves me.

The categories that I'm considering to develop next: Foreign Language Films and I may look into some of the technical awards.

Does anyone have any idea just how much about a single move should go into these listings? With Best Picture I followed the pattern: Title, Production Company(-ies), nationality (sometimes), producer(s). With Best Foreign Language Film I'm looking to add Original Title (often), nationality (always), and language (sometimes). The person who first set up the category for Wikipedia was showing directors instead of producers. Should we show both? Eclecticology

Moved from Talk:Academy Awards/Best Picture

One thing, -- I think that, when you first create all these potential links, they should be disambiguous -- Lots of these films have titles that have been duplicated, or that are also books or plays. I would pipeline the links from the get-go. JHK Eclecticology
 * I try to disambiguate whenever it seems appropriate, but sometimes it's hard to know when that is going to be needed. For the vast majority, the names or titles are unique anyway.  I've also favoured putting films of the same name on the same page; at other times the book and the film are so interdependent that they should be together.  This can give a great overview of how a subject was trated at different times.  See Hamlet.  In any event I plan to approach the issue pragmatically on a case by case basis.

"Academy Awards are nicknamed "Oscars", which is also the nickname of the statuette (the name is told to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said: "It looks just like my uncle Oscar!")."
 * I was under the impression Bette Davis thought it resembled her husband or ex-husband when viewed from the rear.? --1 Lucky Texan

- I was about to change a few of the sub-pages to get rid of the "/" but immediately ran into an interesting little problem. Do we use "Academy Award for Best Picture" or "Academy Award for best picture". An argument can be made for either format. I'll wait a few days to see comments before I change anything. Eclecticology, Friday, July 12, 2002

I think that's the formal title in caps: here's a cached version of an official press release:

And either way, we'll probably have to link them both and make one redirect to the other, but they're both more natural links than the piped subpage option. Koyaanis Qatsi, Friday, July 12, 2002
 * Thanks, I looked at the Oscar site, but if you go further on the site to http://www.oscars.org/74academyawards/index.html you find that even the Academy itself is not consistent with its usages. Also very few of the award categories include the word "best". We might be stuck with using common sense.  In a Dilbertian universe its the technique used when all others have failed. Eclecticology, Friday, July 12, 2002

eh, what a mess. --Koyaanis Qatsi
 * I wonder whether the piping is necessary on this page. It seems to me that on the main Academy Awards page list it would be good to have the article titles appear as they really are.  For now I'll be working down from Foreign language Film to de-sub page, and leave the top part to you. Eclecticology, Saturday, July 13, 2002

Ok then. Thanks. Koyaanis Qatsi - Question: "Academy Award of Scientific or Technical Merit" does not return any results in Google; neither does "Academy Award for Scientific or Technical Merit." I'd like a phrase that works well in a regular sentence (for instance, unlike "won an award for Academy Awards/Scientific or Technical Merit") but that means we have to coin a phrase. Should we continue in the pattern of using "for", back off on that one, or adopt some other solution entirely? Koyaanis Qatsi
 * I've puzzled over this one myself. These three categories are handled very differently from the rest.  They began in 1931 as "Scientific or Technical Awards", and imaginatively called Class I, Class II and Class III.  The names were not changed until 1978.  The Class I is now the "Academy Award of Merit" which clearly sounds more impressive when you consider that these awards are handed out at a separate event from the one we all know and watch.  The "Scientific and Engineering Award" and the "Technical Achievement Award" are less well know, and several are given each year.  There is no element in these names that wouldn't give thousands of irrelevent hits on Google.  The article titles that I suggested did have a made up element to them already, but as long as these articles have no content changing them is easy.

 * We all have different search habits. I mostly avoid exact phrases, especially when they're long.  That would give me a far too narrow range of results, and I might miss otherwise good sites which happen to have their spelling a little different.  If I were searching for this material I would begin with the exact phrase "Academy Award" in the first instance, and then use one of the other terms in the "search within these results" function.  It works.  So I think that the term "Academy Award" is a must for inclusion in all the awards -- after that??  Eclecticology, Tuesday, July 16, 2002

 * PS The IMDb naturally has a list of all the winners of these technical awards, but very few entries include hyper-links to the winners. At that rate your fears about how to make entries in the winners' pages are not likely to be a real worry. -- Ec.

try www.littlegoldenguy.com Danny

Interchangable use of Academy Award and Oscar
I've seen "Academy Award" and "Oscar" used interchangeably (for example, in the new article on Frances McDormand). Should they be? Most people use the words interchangeably, but I didn't know if we ought to choose one for simplicity's sake, and to limit confusion for the many people worldwide who pay little attention to the AMPAS's awards, let alone their nickname? Jwrosenzweig 21:19 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, at least in the same article with all parts written by the same person. Being properly chastened, I've changed Frances McDormand accordingly. Bill 21:31 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Academy Awards/Archive 1


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Talk:Maggie Simpson

"Margaret"
Yes, "Maggie" is one of several nicknames for "Margaret". It does not follow, however, that everyone called "Maggie" is actually named "Margaret", especially in a cartoon.

Is this discussed either in-universe or in a reliable source? - Sum mer PhD v2.0 16:54, 8 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, this was confirmed in "Mother Simpson" :

Homer: I don't like your attitude, you water-cooler dictator. What do you have in that secret government file anyway? I have a right to read it. Bureaucrat: [spinning monitor around] You sure do. Homer: [reading] "Wife: Marjorie. Children: Bartholomew, Lisa" -- aha! See? This thing is all screwed up! Who the heck is Margaret Simpson? Bureaucrat: Uh, your youngest daughter. Homer: [mocking] "Uh, your youngest daughter".

 * Also in Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily

Homer: Well, wait a minute! OK, I'm not going to win "Father of the Year". In fact, I'm probably the last guy in the world who should have kids. I - [the judge looks at him sternly] Er, well, er, wait...can I start again? Fathering children is the best part of my day. I'd do anything for Bart and Lisa! Judge: And, er, Margaret? Homer: Who? Lady, you got the wrong file. Marge: [whispering] It's Maggie! Shivertimbers433 (talk) 03:01, 30 May 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:23, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Maggie Simpson.jpg

Inspiration for Maggie
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/features/2002/animated_encounters/groening/groening_answers3.shtml

"She was based on Popeye's baby Sweetpea, if you remember from the old Popeye cartoons."

"Suck Suck"
How much of a copyright nightmare would it be to include a sound file of her "suck suck"? Americanfreedom (talk) 20:36, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

Future Maggie?
There are episodes that project into the future, where Maggie appears as a young adult, speech and all. Shouldn't there be a section on this? Koro Neil (talk) 02:42, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maggie Simpson


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Floralia

The Floralia was a festival of ancient Roman religion in honor of the goddess Flora, held on 27 April during the Republican era, or 28 April in the Julian calendar. The festival included Ludi Florae, the "Games of Flora", which lasted for six days under the empire.

The festival had a licentious, pleasure-seeking atmosphere. In contrast to many festivals which had a patrician character, the games of Flora were plebeian in nature.

Flora
Flora is one of the most ancient goddesses of Roman religion and was one of fifteen deities to have her own state-supported high priest, the flamen Florialis. A goddess of flowers, vegetation, and fertility, she received sacrifices (piacula) in the sacred grove of the Arval Brothers, an archaic priesthood. Her altar at Rome was said to have been established by the Sabine king Titus Tatius during the semi-legendary Regal period. Flusalis (linguistically equivalent to Floralia) was a month on the Sabine calendar, and Varro counted Flora among the Sabine deities.

Temples of Flora
The Temple of Flora was built in Rome upon consultation with the Sibylline Books shortly after a drought that occurred around 241–238 BCE. The temple was located near the Circus Maximus on the lower slope of the Aventine Hill, a site associated with the plebeians of Rome. Games were instituted for the founding day of the temple (28 April), and were held only occasionally until continued crop damage led to their annual celebration beginning in 173.

Flora Rustica ("Rural Flora") had another temple on the Quirinal Hill, the Temple of Flora Rustica, which may have been the location of the altar erected by Tatius.

Games
The games (ludi) of Flora were presented by the plebeian aediles and paid for by fines collected when public lands (ager publicus) were encroached upon. Cicero mentions his role in organizing games for Flora when he was aedile in 69 BC. The festival opened with theatrical performances (ludi scaenici), and concluded with competitive events and spectacles at the Circus and a sacrifice to Flora. In AD 68, the entertainments at the Floralia presented under the emperor Galba featured a tightrope-walking elephant.

Participation of prostitutes
Prostitutes participated in the Floralia as well as the wine festival (Vinalia) on 23 April. According to the satirist Juvenal, prostitutes danced naked and fought in mock gladiator combat. Many prostitutes in ancient Rome were slaves, and even free women who worked as prostitutes lost their legal and social standing as citizens, but their inclusion at religious festivals indicates that they were not completely cast out from society.

Observances
Ovid says that hares and goats—animals considered fertile and salacious—were ceremonially released as part of the festivities. Persius says that the crowd was pelted with vetches, beans, and lupins, also symbols of fertility.

In contrast to the Cerealia, when white garments were worn, multi-colored clothing was customary. There may have been nocturnal observances, since sources mention measures taken to light the way after the theatrical performances.

A rite called the Florifertum is described by one source as involving the bearing (fert-) of wheat ears (spicae) into a shrine (sacrarium). It is unclear whether the offering was made to Flora or to Ceres, or whether if made to Flora it occurred on 27 April or 3 May. Ovid describes a florifertum in honor of Juno Lucina on 1 March, a date also celebrated as the dies natalis ("birthday") of Mars in whose conception Flora played a role.

title: Floralia


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User:DMaclKnapp

A probably obsolete American contrarian helping his wife run a restaurant on Ko Sichang, a small island in the Bight of Bangkok.

My interests are cooking, Thai history, photography, canoeing and kayaking, nature and the evolution of human behavior.

title: User:DMaclKnapp


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Jetstar

Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd, operating as Jetstar is an Australian low-cost airline headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas, created in response to the threat posed by the airline Virgin Blue (now known as Virgin Australia). Jetstar is part of Qantas' two brand strategy of having Qantas Airways for the premium full-service market and Jetstar for the low-cost market. As of June 2015, Jetstar was carrying 8.5% of all passengers travelling in and out of Australia.

The airline operates an extensive domestic network as well as regional and international services from its main base at Melbourne Airport, using a mixed fleet consisting of the Airbus A320 family and the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Like its Qantas parent, Jetstar competes with Virgin Australia. Qantas, through the Jetstar Group, also has stakes in airlines Jetstar Asia Airways and Jetstar Japan.

History
The airline was established by Qantas in 2001 as a low-cost domestic subsidiary. Qantas had previously acquired Impulse Airlines on 20 November 2001 and operated it under the QantasLink brand, but following the decision to launch a low-cost carrier, re-launched the airline under the Jetstar brand. Domestic passenger services began on 25 May 2004, soon after the sale of tickets for its inaugural flight in February 2004. International services to Christchurch, New Zealand, commenced on 1 December 2005. Although owned by Qantas, its management operates largely independent of Qantas through the company formerly known as Impulse Airlines.

Originally the airline was headquartered on the grounds of Avalon Airport near Melbourne, and started flying out of Avalon Airport in mid-2004,  but has since relocated its registered office to the Melbourne central business district.

Reserved seating is provided on all routes and on 4 October 2006, Jetstar became the first Australian airline to allow customers to select their seat upon booking. Sister airline Jetstar Asia Airways took off from its Singapore hub to Hong Kong on 13 December 2004. This marked Qantas' entry into the Asian low-cost market and signified its intention to battle key competitor Singapore Airlines on its home ground. Qantas has a 49% stake in Jetstar Asia's ownership. On 1 December 2005, Jetstar commenced operations from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and the Gold Coast to Christchurch in New Zealand. On 7 December 2005, it was announced that Jetstar would establish the world's first global low-cost airline. At the end of 2005, it was announced that Jetstar would fly to Perth from Avalon Airport.

In July 2006, Jetstar and Jetstar Asia were brought together under the "Jetstar" brand. Online bookings for both carriers were integrated into Jetstar.com.

In July 2007, Qantas acquired an 18% stake in Vietnam's Pacific Airlines, to increase to 30% by 2010. The airline was relaunched on 23 May 2008 as Jetstar Pacific.

On 1 August 2008, Jetstar announced that it had signed an agreement with the Northern Territory Government to make Darwin International Airport an international hub with plans for seven aircraft to be based in Darwin. Under the agreement, Jetstar would be required to base three aircraft at Darwin by June 2009, with a further four by June 2012, with the Northern Territory Government to provide $5 million to set up the hub and a further $3 million for promotion of the new routes. In December 2013, Jetstar announced that it would be closing the Darwin base in May 2014 and re-positioning the based aircraft to Adelaide. Flights to Tokyo via Manila were to be discontinued while services to Singapore would be operated by Jetstar Asia with Singapore-based aircraft. The base closure was attributed to cost-cutting measures by parent company Qantas as well as increased competition from the re-introduction of flights by Asian carriers into Darwin airport.

On 28 April 2009, Jetstar commenced daily direct services from Auckland to the Gold Coast and Sydney. On 10 June 2009, Jetstar commenced domestic New Zealand flights between Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Queenstown using Airbus A320 aircraft; services to Dunedin commenced later. Jetstar replaced Qantas subsidiary Jetconnect on these routes.

From 1 February 2011, Jetstar started its co-operation with the oneworld alliance, allowing people booking an itinerary with a full oneworld member to include a Jetstar flight in the itinerary. However, the flight must be sold via Jetstar's corporate parent Qantas, under a QF flight number.

In August 2011, Jetstar's parent Qantas announced that it would set up a new airline to be called Jetstar Japan, a joint venture of Jetstar, Japan Airlines, and Mitsubishi. The airline was expected to start operating in December 2012, but then launched ahead of schedule on 3 July 2012.

In March 2012, another Asian Jetstar branded airline was announced, Jetstar Hong Kong, a strategic partnership between Qantas and China Eastern Airlines, which was expected to commence operations in 2013. Although it took delivery of aircraft, Jetstar Hong Kong never commenced operations due to a revoked licence application.

In November 2013, Jetstar moved its head office from Melbourne's CBD to the suburb of Collingwood. In February 2014, Jetstar signed a codeshare agreement with Emirates Airlines as a continuation of the agreement between Emirates and Qantas, Jetstar's parent airline.

In mid-2014, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) took legal action against Jetstar and competitor Virgin Australia in respect of drip pricing. In November 2015 the Federal Court of Australia found that the ACCC's claims that the two airlines engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct by carrying out drip pricing were proven. In September 2022, Stephanie Tully was appointed as the new CEO of Jetstar.

New Zealand operations
In June 2015, Jetstar announced that it would commence regional services in New Zealand, beginning in December 2015. The new services would be flown by five turboprops Bombardier Dash 8s operated by Eastern Australia Airlines—one of Qantas' subsidiary regional airlines—under the Jetstar brand. At least four new destinations would be served initially, with Hamilton, Rotorua, New Plymouth, Napier, Palmerston North, Nelson and Invercargill named as the cities under consideration. On 31 August 2015, Jetstar announced it had selected the first four regional centres it would serve at the commencement of operations on 1 December; these were Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, and Palmerston North. All four cities had services to Auckland; Nelson also had services to Wellington.

Jetstar announced in November 2019 that they would be ceasing all of their regional routes in New Zealand because the routes were loss-making.

In mid-March 2020, Jetstar suspended their New Zealand operations in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. On 15 August, Jetstar suspended its domestic operations in New Zealand after the Government implemented social distancing rules in response to a second outbreak in Auckland that month. The airline attracted criticism after it refused to offer cash refunds to passengers whose flights were affected by the cancellation, instead offering travel vouchers or to change dates.

In mid-September 2020, Jetstar announced that it was resuming domestic flights in New Zealand after the New Zealand Government eliminated physical distancing requirements on aircraft.

In late May 2024, Jetstar Flight JQ225 slid of the runway at Christchurch Airport, after suffering steering issues caused by a possible hydraulic leak. The Civil Aviation Authority commenced an investigation into the incident.

Corporate affairs
The key trends for the Jetstar Group are (as of the financial year ending 30 June):

Codeshare agreements
, Jetstar Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * American Airlines
 * Emirates
 * Fiji Airways
 * Finnair
 * Japan Airlines
 * Jeju Air
 * Jin Air
 * LATAM Chile
 * LOT Polish Airlines
 * Qantas

Current fleet
, Jetstar operates the following aircraft:

Fleet development
In October 2011, Qantas placed an order for 110 A320s, with 11 allocated to a planned new Qantas Group premium airline in Asia (never actually established) and 99 to various Jetstar-branded airlines including Jetstar Hong Kong, which received aircraft but never commenced operations. The order consisted of 32 A320ceos and 78 A320neos, with scope to convert some to A321s.

In 2014 Qantas ordered another 21 A320neos, taking the total on order to 99.

In 2016 the operator or operators of the A320neos and A321neos (Jetstar group airline or airlines, or Qantas mainline) remained unspecified.

In November 2017 the order consisted out of 54 A320neos and 45 A321neos as some of the A320neo orders were converted to A321neos.

In February 2018 eighteen of the orders were converted to A321LRs to allow Jetstar Airways to deploy some of its Boeing 787s onto other routes.

In June 2019, at the Paris Air Show, Qantas Group converted 26 A321Neo orders to the A321XLR and 10 A321neo to the A321LR. In addition 10 further A321XLRs were ordered. Total orders for the A320neo family were 109: 45 A320neos, 28 A321LRs, and 36 A321XLR. How these planes will be distributed throughout the Qantas Group has not been announced; some of the A321XLRs have been earmarked for Qantas by Ex-CEO Alan Joyce. The rest of the aircraft will be allocated to their Jetstar subsidiaries. In July 2022 the airline took its first A321LR.

In November 2023, Jetstar announced a major revamp of its fleet of 11 787-8 Dreamliners from late 2025. The multi-million dollar aircraft upgrade will have new RECARO Seats in business and economy (including the business class offering increased from 21 to 44), a lie-flat crew rest area, wi-fi connectivity and a new livery to match the A321LR.

Former fleet
Jetstar formerly operated the following aircraft:

Marketing and sponsorship
From 2004 to 2006, the airline's mascot, Julie The Jetstar Girl, was played by actress Magda Szubanski.

The advertising slogan of Jetstar is "All day every day low fares". In 2006, the jingle "Let's Fly Jetstar tonight" and the use of Szubanski ceased and was replaced with "It's All About Choice / Fly Away" (later "Low Fares, Good Time").

Jetstar Airways was the major sponsor of the National Rugby League team, the Gold Coast Titans from 2008 until 2012. In July 2008 Jetstar Airways was named the Official Airline of the Australian national rugby league team. One of its A320s was decorated with special decals to advertise the relationship.

In-flight service
On all domestic routes Jetstar has a buy on board single class service offering food and drinks for purchase.

On all Boeing 787 international routes, Jetstar offers a two-class service.

Jetstar offers Business Class on its B787-8 aircraft. The Business Class cabin is fitted with 21 leather premium class seats in a 2-3-2 configuration, similar to Qantas domestic Business Class or Qantas international premium economy class. The service is inclusive of all meals and beverages, in-flight entertainment, and includes an increased baggage allowance of 30 kg. Business Max fares also include Qantas Club lounge access where available, and earn Qantas Frequent Flyer points.
 * Business Class

Jetstar offers either pre-purchased meals on wheels or buy on board service with food and beverages.
 * Economy Class

In-flight entertainment

The airline has an eponymously named inflight magazine. In November 2011, Jetstar became the first airline to offer passengers iPads for use as in-flight entertainment devices. The units, which are pre-loaded with movies, games, and magazines, are provided on flights over two hours duration and are available for a fee in Economy Class but are complimentary in the international Business Class cabin, although some aircraft have seat back entertainment screens. The options available are changed on a bi-monthly basis depending on customer feedback forms which are collected by head office through a random selection process.

Jetstar's Boeing 787 aircraft are fitted with 10-inch seat-back on-demand entertainment screens in business class and 9-inch screens in economy class.

Television series
The Nine Network began airing the series Going Places from October 2007. The eight-part series depicted the everyday lives of selected members of Jetstar's Melbourne airport staff. The show followed the dramas of the check-in staff mid-flight, and new international recruits.

Jetstar Group
In addition to owning 100% of Jetstar Airways in Australia, the Qantas Group owns varying stakes in other Jetstar-branded airlines in the Asia-Pacific region. These airlines represent a strategy to provide better growth for the Qantas Group by accessing the intra-Asia market: exploiting both its faster growth and/or its under-penetration by low-cost airlines.

Qantas partners with local investors as both a means to overcome foreign ownership or traffic rights restrictions and to keep the ventures "capital light", i.e. reduce the capital investment required by Qantas and keep assets such as aircraft off the Qantas balance sheet.

From 2008 to 2020, the Group also consisted of Jetstar Pacific, a Vietnamese subsidiary which is also co-owned by Vietnam Airlines (nearly 70%). However, since July 2020, this carrier left the Jetstar Group and rebranded to Pacific Airlines.

The Jetstar Group consists of the following airlines: The Jetstar Group is headed by CEO Stephanie Tully.

The final two aircraft (9V-VLA and 9V-VLB) were transferred from the Valuair AOC to the Jetstar Asia Airways AOC (as 9V-VLE and 9V-VLF) during April 2010. Although Jetstar Asia Airways generally maintains two aircraft in a hybrid Jetstar/Valuair livery, they sit on the Jetstar Asia Airways AOC.

The Jetstar financial results include Jetstar Airways, Jetstar Asia Airways and Valuair as consolidated entities in the Qantas Group accounts. Despite Qantas owning only a minority stake in Jetstar Asia Airways and Valuair (51% owned and effectively controlled by Singaporean nationals as required under Singapore aviation regulations), Australian accounting standards have required them to be treated as consolidated entities since 8 April 2009. Jetstar Pacific Airlines and Jetstar Japan are treated as investments in associates and not consolidated in the Qantas Group accounts.

title: Jetstar


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Talk:Offensive wand

Not sure that these wands deserve their own article... perhaps a comment in Nethack? Looks a little like promotion for the link too. akaDruid 11:18, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Offensive wand


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Talk:Millennium Star

(First comments)
Not sure that the last sentence is right: The largest cut white (D) diamond by weight is the 1991 heart-shaped 273.85-carat Centenary diamond

The Cullinan I or the Star of Africa in the British Crown Jewels is the largest cut white diamond, more than 500 carat...! michael_nord@hotmail.com

The Cullinan I is no a top colour (D) diamond. Daevas 17:37, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Why is there no picture of the Millennium Star? There's a picture of the Heart of Eternity. Why is it called a "star" when it's obviously a pear shape? Why didn't they just cut it round? Does anyone know about this? ForestAngel 20:53, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:De Beers Millenium Star.jpg
Image:De Beers Millenium Star.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:34, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Puzzle
As there is only one diamond mine in Mbuji-Mayi, I am not sure why the mine of origin is unknown. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.82.65.25 (talk) 14:11, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Which English?
The text would seem to be in American English; is that appropriate? the strongest national tie for this stone would be South Africa, I would think; don't they use Commonwealth English there? Moonraker12 (talk) 23:05, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Millennium Star