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Sergei Fedorov

Sergei Viktorovich Fyodorov (Серге́й Викторович Фёдоров; born December 13, 1969) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player and the former head coach of CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) from 2021 to 2024. During his playing career, for which he is best known for his 13 seasons with the Detroit Red Wings, Fedorov was primarily a centre, but occasionally played as a winger or defenceman.

Fedorov was one of the first hockey players to defect from his native Soviet Union in order to play in the National Hockey League (NHL). While playing with Detroit, he won the Stanley Cup three times, as well as the Hart Memorial Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player in 1994. After leaving the Red Wings in the summer of 2003, Fedorov played stints with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Columbus Blue Jackets and Washington Capitals before retiring from the NHL in 2009. He played in over 1,200 NHL games and scored 483 goals in the NHL. He is a three-time Olympian, the first European-trained player to win the Hart Trophy and is considered to be one of the best playoff performers in NHL history. In 2017, Fedorov was named one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.

Fedorov was considered one of the best players in the world from the 1990s to the early 2000s. He last played for Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the KHL, where he was made captain in early September 2011. He was also an ambassador for Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Fedorov was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 9, 2015, and to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 2016.

Defection and career with the Red Wings
When he was just 16, Fedorov was already playing for CSKA Moscow in the Soviet Union with future NHL Hall-of-Famer Pavel Bure and Alexander Mogilny, among others. In 1989, Mogilny became the first Soviet superstar to defect in order to play in the NHL. Less than two months later, Fedorov was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the fourth round, 74th overall, of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. Red Wings general manager Jim Devellano had consulted team captain and future Hall-of-Famer Steve Yzerman about Fedorov, knowing that the two had played against each other in the World Championships. Yzerman told Devellano, "He's better than me."

Detroit sportswriter Keith Gave was asked by Wings executive vice-president Jim Lites to pass a secret message to Fedorov at an exhibition game in Helsinki where the Soviet national team was scheduled to play a Finnish elite-level club. Gave agreed to the mission, and in August 1989, managed to meet with Fedorov and teammate Vladimir Konstantinov, whom the Wings had also drafted, and slip them each a Red Wings media guide with a letter hidden inside. The letters made it clear that the Red Wings wanted both of them in Detroit and were willing to help them get there.

By July 1990, Fedorov had decided to defect. The Soviet national team came to North America to play in the 1990 Goodwill Games, and had scheduled an exhibition match in Portland's Memorial Coliseum on July 22, 1990. Jim Lites came to Portland, picked up Fedorov outside his hotel after the game, and brought him to Detroit in Red Wings owner Mike Ilitch's private jet.

Fedorov was described as "three great players in one". In his career, he "once held claim to the title of top player on the planet". Former Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman said Fedorov was the "best skater I've ever seen". During the 1993–94 season, Fedorov's outstanding play earned him the "oldest and most prestigious individual award in hockey", the Hart Memorial Trophy (awarded to the NHL's most valuable player), the Frank J. Selke Trophy (top defensive forward) and the Lester B. Pearson Award (awarded to the most outstanding player as selected by NHL players). He finished second in scoring behind the Los Angeles Kings' Wayne Gretzky with 56 goals and 120 points.

During the 1993–94 season, being interviewed before his game, Gretzky was talking about a December 17 game between the Red Wings and New York Rangers, saying, "[H]e had never seen a player dominate the game the way Sergei did." Later in the season, Gretzky also commented that he thought Fedorov was "the best player in the game at this point." Fedorov was introduced to Gretzky by Paul Coffey during the 1994 NHL All-Star Game, which led to him staying over at his Los Angeles home with his family for two weeks that year.

Playing in his second game after coming back from an injury, Steve Yzerman was asked about Fedorov's play during the season: "I've only seen two other players that can dominate a game like Sergei, and that's Wayne and Mario ... In my opinion, he's the best player in the League. He is different than Wayne and Mario because he dominates with his speed, and unbelievable one-on-one moves." Red Wings head coach Scotty Bowman was also asked in an interview during the season where he thought Fedorov ranked among the players and teams he has coached in his career: "He's right at the top. He's got the greatest leg strength I've seen in a player. His legs are phenomenal."

In the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season, Fedorov finished second on the Red Wings in points with 50 (20 goals and 30 assists) in 42 games. That season, in a game against Los Angeles on February 12, Fedorov scored all four of Detroit's goals in a 4–4 tie. Although the Red Wings lost the Stanley Cup Finals that year to the New Jersey Devils, Fedorov led the playoffs in all scoring with 24 points (seven goals and 17 assists). He also led the Stanley Cup Finals in goals and led the Red Wings in points.

Fedorov won another Selke Trophy in 1996 after scoring 39 goals and 107 points in 78 games, while playing stellar defensively. He finished in the top five for Hart Trophy voting and led Detroit in scoring, and helped them win the Presidents' Trophy. That season, Detroit set an NHL record for wins in a season with 62. He also signed a four-year deal that season to become the first non-North American spokesman for Nike, in which he made the "white skates" famous. The skates were different due to their unique colours and design, and he promoted it through a series of commercials for Nike. Steve Yzerman, speaking to a reporter on Fedorov a few weeks after turning the tide on a January 30 game that season that ended in a 4–2 victory for the Red Wings over the Toronto Maple Leafs, said, "Sergei is a game-breaker for us anytime he's on the ice ... He's the most talented player I've ever seen." The Red Wings' season ended in disappointment when they were defeated by the Colorado Avalanche in the Western Conference Finals, four games to two. Fedorov finished tied for the team lead with 20 points in 19 playoff games.

In the 1996–97 season, Fedorov played before the preseason started in August and September for Russia at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey. Later in the NHL season, he was a member of the Red Wings' first Stanley Cup championship team since 1955, leading the team playoff scoring with 20 points in 20 games, including 8 goals. He led the Stanley Cup Finals in points and in goals for a second time. Goaltender Mike Vernon won the Conn Smythe Trophy, "but many hockey insiders believe that Sergei deserved that honor". During the regular season, Fedorov had achieved the rare feat of scoring five goals in a single game, as he registered all of Detroit's goals in a 5–4 overtime win against the Washington Capitals on December 26, 1996. It was also the first time in NHL history that a player completed a quintet of goals in overtime, a feat since equaled only by the Rangers' Mika Zibanejad on March 5, 2020, also against the Capitals.

In the mid-1990s, Fedorov became part of the Red Wings' Russian Five, together with Igor Larionov at center, Vyacheslav Kozlov at left, and Viacheslav Fetisov and Vladimir Konstantinov on defense. The Wings won the Stanley Cup in 1997 and 1998.

After a lengthy holdout to start the 1997–98 season, Fedorov, a restricted free agent, signed an offer sheet with the Carolina Hurricanes worth up to $38 million, including bonuses. The Red Wings matched the offer on February 26, 1998, ending Fedorov's holdout. The offer included $14 million for signing and $2 million for 21 regular-season games. However, the most controversial part of the contract was a $12 million bonus payable immediately if Fedorov's team reached the 1998 conference finals—at the time, Detroit was already a Stanley Cup contender while Carolina was almost certain to miss the playoffs, so the clause was criticized for creating an unfair disadvantage for Detroit. Nevertheless, the Red Wings matched the offer and paid the bonus. The $28 million Detroit paid Fedorov for 43 total games in 1997–98 remains the largest single-season amount paid to an NHL player. Fedorov led the playoffs in goals and helped the Red Wings win their second consecutive Stanley Cup.

On February 14, 1999, Fedorov announced his entire base salary for the 1998–99 season—$2 million—would be used to create the Sergei Fedorov Foundation, a charity to assist Detroit-area children. During the 1990s, Fedorov was third in playoff scoring with 126 points, behind only Mark Messier (126) and Mario Lemieux (136). Fedorov is only the third player in NHL history to have four consecutive 20+ point playoffs, along with Mike Bossy and Bryan Trottier. He also led the NHL in plus-minus in the 1990s with a +221.

In 2001–02 season, Fedorov played with a star-studded roster that included newcomers Dominik Hašek, Luc Robitaille and Brett Hull, culminating with Fedorov winning his third Stanley Cup, where he led the Stanley Cup Finals again in points for a second time. During an interview with Hull days after the Red Wings' 2002 Stanley Cup championship win, he commented on Fedorov as a player and person: "[Fedorov's] maturity—not only on the ice, but off the ice—has grown immensely, and, like Stevie said, there's not too many guys in this league, if any, that have the skill that he does. And he's learned to use it over the years. I think everyone can see that." In the 2002–03 season, Steve Yzerman was injured for most of the season, and Fedorov led the team in scoring with 36 goals and 83 points in 80 games, also winning the inaugural Kharlamov Trophy, at the time awarded yearly to the top Russian player in the NHL.

At the 2002 NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition, Fedorov slapped the puck 101.5 mph in the net to win "Hardest Shot". Dominik Hašek later remarked of Fedorov's shot, "I know his shot, and I'm not surprised that he won it ... He can shoot from the blue line and he can score from the blue line." After an October 25, 2002, game between the Pittsburgh Penguins and Detroit, talking to reporters about Fedorov, Mario Lemieux said, "He was awesome. The way he skates, he's just dominating out there. Especially in the neutral zone, he picks up a lot of speed. You can't defend against that."

Fedorov signed a free-agent contract with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim for less than the Red Wings offered him after Detroit lost to Anaheim in the first round of the playoffs in 2003.

Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
In the 2003 off-season, Fedorov signed with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim after a long contract dispute with the Red Wings in which he rejected five-year, $50 million and four-year, $40 million contract offers. On December 3, 2003, Fedorov returned to Detroit for the first time since signing with the Ducks; he was booed heavily by Detroit fans every time he touched the puck in an eventual 7–2 Red Wings victory, during which he scored one of Anaheim's goals. He remained with Anaheim from 2003 to 2005. It was with the Ducks that Fedorov registered his 1,000th point in the NHL, becoming the first Russian-born and fifth European-born player to do so.

Some hockey legends in interviews throughout the years have commented on Fedorov's abilities, such as former Red Wings teammate Nicklas Lidström: "I think he's the best player in the League. He's real tough to defend against. He's got quickness to best you if you step up to him. It's tough to stop him." Former Boston Bruins legend Ray Bourque once said, "Sergei is a dominating player, a franchise player. When he makes a move on you, he has the ability to maintain his speed or even go faster. There aren't many defensemen who can keep up with him." Steve Yzerman and Wayne Gretzky speaking to Fox Sports columnist and Detroit radio host Art Regner in past interviews said they thought "Fedorov is the most talented player they've ever seen." After leaving the Red Wings (his first season with Anaheim, in which he scored 31 times), Fedorov had multiple injuries and his tally of 18 goals in 2006–07 was the most he scored until his retirement from the NHL in 2008–09.

Columbus Blue Jackets
In an unanticipated move, on November 15, 2005, Fedorov (along with a fifth-round draft pick) was traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for forward Tyler Wright and rookie defenceman François Beauchemin. As a Blue Jacket, Fedorov played his 1,000th NHL game on November 30, 2005, becoming the 13th European-born player to reach 1,000 NHL games and the 205th player overall to do so.

Brian Burke, who had just joined the team as general manager, found that Fedorov was less interested in contributing to the team, as he had with the Red Wings, than he was enjoying the nightlife in Los Angeles where he would be riding back in limos at 3 to 4am even on game days. Burke was so concerned that Fedorov 'was a bad influence in the dressing room,' and that 'other players were starting to follow his lead,' that he sent rookies Ryan Getzlaf and Corey Perry to the Ducks' AHL minor league team solely to get them away from Fedorov.

In a 2006 interview, former Detroit Red Wings head coach Scotty Bowman said, "[Fedorov was] one of my favorite players as a coach because he can do anything [asked of him on ice]." Bowman coached nine of Fedorov's 13 seasons with Detroit. During the late 1990s, Bowman experimented by using Fedorov on defense and pairing him with Larry Murphy. Red Wings Senior Vice-president Jim Devellano said, "I'm convinced if we left him there, he'd have won a Norris Trophy." Although he was effective playing defense, Fedorov stated he would rather play as a forward, though this did not prevent then-Blue Jackets head coach Ken Hitchcock from moving Fedorov to defense on occasion.

Washington Capitals
Approaching the NHL trade deadline in 2008, Fedorov was traded to the Washington Capitals in exchange for prospect Theo Ruth.

The following summer, Fedorov signed a one-year, $4 million contract with Washington. In 2008–09, what would become his final season in the NHL, Fedorov passed Alexander Mogilny for most goals scored by a Russian-born hockey player, a record that stood at 473 goals.

In a 2009 interview, Scotty Bowman recalled a conversation between Wayne Gretzky and himself: "I talked to Wayne Gretzky about that six or seven years ago and he said to me: 'I couldn't play forward and defence. Mario couldn't do it. Jagr couldn't play defence. But Sergei could. He was a hell of a player.'" A few years later, in a 2015 interview, Bowman stated he thought Fedorov "could have been an all-star defenceman, but he developed his offensive skills". On April 28, 2009, in one of his final games in the NHL, after scoring the game-winning goal in the 2009 playoffs against the New York Rangers in a 2–1 Game 7 contest, then-Capitals head coach Bruce Boudreau stated in a press conference, "Let's face it, sometimes experience pays off. He knew what he had to do, when to do it, and that's what makes him one of the greatest players, ever." Teammate Alexander Ovechkin added, "He's our leader ... He's our best guy in the locker room. He showed it. He's our best guy. He has more experience than anybody in this locker room. He knows how to play like that. He just shows his leadership."

In his book, Jeremy Roenick spoke about Fedorov being one of his top ten favourite players to play against: "He was a horse, bigger than you'd think he was. He could skate, handle the puck like a magician, and check you until you hated him. You didn't get a break when you played centre against Detroit in those days." He added, "Today we talk about Evgeni Malkin and Alex Ovechkin, but neither of those guys could skate with [Alexander] Mogilny or Fedorov or [Pavel] Bure."

Kontinental Hockey League
For the 2009–10 season, Fedorov returned to Russia, signing a two-year deal with Metallurg Magnitogorsk. He said that he wanted to fulfill his father's lifelong dream of having his two sons play on the same team. Early in the season, Fedorov scored his 1,500th point in official games.

Fedorov announced he would be returning to CSKA Moscow as a player on October 9, 2013. "The legs are still good," and, "I still train twice a week," Fedorov said in response to questions of him continuing his playing career. He would appear in his last two games of his career for CSKA at the 2013 Spengler Cup, registering three shots and one goal. However, he never appeared in a KHL game for the team.

International play
In the (U-20) 1987 World Junior Championships, Fedorov made his national team debut for the Soviet Union. The Soviet team was ejected (as well as Canada) for their part in the infamous "punch-up in Piestany" bench-clearing brawl during the final game. The fight is famous for officials having turned off the arena lights in a desperate attempt at ending the 20-minute melee. He played again with CSKA Moscow teammate Alexander Mogilny in the 1988 World Junior Championships; both made the tournament All-Star Team, finishing with a silver medal.

The Bure–Fedorov–Mogilny line made its international debut at the 1989 World Junior Championships in Anchorage, Alaska. The top line of CSKA Moscow teammates combined for a total 38 points and led the Soviet Union over Canada for the gold medal. The combination of the three formed was promising for head coach Viktor Tikhonov, with expectations to replace the previous top Soviet line, the K–L–M combination of Vladimir Krutov, Larionov and Makarov.

Later that year, Fedorov made his senior debut with the Soviet national team as a 19-year-old at the 1989 World Championships in Sweden. He played with the full roster Soviet Union team that won the gold medal over Canada in their final game, and played along aside club teammates Mogilny and Vladimir Konstantinov. He also led the team in goals (6) and was second in points (9). The Soviet Union would repeat gold at the 1990 World Championships in Switzerland against Czechoslovakia, with Pavel Bure playing on Fedorov's wing.

In the 1991 Canada Cup, the team representing the Soviet Union was missing most of its top stars due to severe political turmoil at home. Many players were declining to play for the team, and some were purposely left off the roster (such as Pavel Bure and Vladimir Konstantinov) for fears of defection. It was not known until weeks before the start of the tournament that they would even send a team. This was the final major senior event in which a team representing the Soviet Union would play. Fedorov was asked to join the team (one year after defection), which he accepted to represent his country. Though the team finished in fifth place, he did help hold an undefeated Canada to a 3–3 tie in Quebec City in their last game, where Fedorov was paired against tournament scoring leader Wayne Gretzky. In the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, Russia had played five preliminary games in order to set the groupings for the main tournament stage. Russia was the only team that went undefeated (winning against Finland (Moscow), Germany (Landshut), Sweden (Stockholm), USA (Detroit) and tied against Canada (Calgary). The United States, Sweden and Finland games saw the Bure–Fedorov–Mogilny line for the first (and only) time internationally at senior level, which was considered "perhaps the best forward line on earth" at the time. With Pavel Bure injured at the end of the game against the Americans, he was not able to play in the main tournament. One of Fedorov's goals came in the round robin of the tournament in the second period against Canada in Vancouver on a breakaway pass off the boards from defencemen Darius Kasparaitis, where he sprinted to the puck and shot it over the blocker of goaltender Curtis Joseph to tie the game. Fedorov and Mogilny played on the same line but it was Fedorov that led the team in scoring, although Russia would lose in the semi-finals against the United States after defeating Finland 5–0 in the quarter-finals.

On a team that was missing many of their top stars due to players declining and injuries, Fedorov with Pavel Bure and Mikhail Shtalenkov carried the team to a silver medal with Russia in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Fedorov and the Russians eliminated the Czech Republic in the quarter-finals 1–0, and ended the tournament winning a bronze medal in their final game, against Belarus.

In response on his decision to play hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Fedorov said, "I don't think it is appropriate to delay my decision about the Olympics any further. As much as I would enjoy representing my country in Italy, I'm afraid that at this point in the season my focus has to remain with the Columbus Blue Jackets... I feel that the most important thing is for me to continue to work towards being 100 percent healthy. My main priority and responsibility is to the Columbus Blue Jackets and I don't believe participating in the Olympics, which is a short, intense tournament, would be the best thing to do."

The Washington Capitals' trio of Alexander Ovechkin, Alexander Semin and Fedorov competed on the same line for Russia and won the gold medal at the 2008 World Championships, 5–4 in overtime against Canada; Fedorov passed to Ilya Kovalchuk to set up the game-winning goal. The tournament was held for the first time in Canada (in Quebec City) for the 100th anniversary celebrations. At the 2009 World Championships, Russia would repeat as champions after again defeating Canada in the final. Fedorov also played for Russia at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the oldest player in the tournament at age 40. Although Russia entered the competition ranked number one in the world, Russia was eliminated in the quarter-finals. Fedorov nonetheless finished the Olympics at a point-per-game pace and tied Alexander Ovechkin for second overall in team scoring.

On December 27, 2013, Fedorov played for CSKA Moscow in the 2013 Spengler Cup—in two games, he scored one goal.

Post-playing career
On November 9, 2015, Fedorov was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. During the weekend festivities, many of his past coaches and teammates commented on Fedorov's career. Scotty Bowman was speaking about having to put Sergei on defence when injuries were piling up: "He was the best defenseman in the league for a six-week period." Former teammate Brendan Shanahan said, "I'm convinced if Sergei played defense, he could have won a Norris Trophy ... He was so talented, so strong." Wayne Gretzky spoke on their friendship: "He was one of my closer friends that played on another team. Actually, the year he won the Hart Memorial Trophy I think it was, he lived with us for six weeks in the offseason and we trained together and spent a lot of time together." Alexander Ovechkin said he was "the best player I've ever played with. He was unbelievable. You put him in every position and he was going to be the best. His hockey sense was unbelievable. His shot and vision, unbelievable".

CSKA Moscow
Fedorov was general manager of CSKA Moscow from the 2012-13 KHL season to the 2016-17 KHL season.

On July 14, 2021, Fedorov was named head coach of CSKA. In his first two seasons, he brought CSKA to win back-to-back Gagarin Cup in 7 games. His contract was not renewed following a sub-par 2023–24 season, where CSKA was eliminated from the Gagarin Cup Playoffs in the first round by eventual finalists Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

Personal life
Fedorov was born to Viktor and Natalia Fedorov in Pskov. Fedorov claimed he and tennis star Anna Kournikova were married in 2001. Kournikova's representatives deny any marriage to Fedorov, however Fedorov's agent, Pat Brisson, claims that although he doesn't know when they got married, he knew "he [Fedorov] was married". Although she claims to have never married the hockey superstar, she did turn over her South Beach condo as part of the divorce. Fedorov was also romantically linked to actress Tara Reid in 2004.

Fedorov is presently married to Corrina Fedorov. Together they have a daughter named Aleksandra.

Fedorov also had a cereal named after him called Fedorov Crunch.

In 2006, Fedorov appeared in Soccer Aid, a football game that takes place in England pitting celebrities against each other to benefit UNICEF UK. He competed for the "rest of the world" squad.

On July 24, 2009, Fedorov filed a lawsuit against Joseph Zada for defrauding on an agreement to pay him $60 million to compensate him for the $43 million Fedorov invested with Zada over the past 11 years. The lawsuit was filed by Fedorov in Michigan. Fedorov won the suit but has been unable to collect on the judgment from Zada.

Fedorov continues his philanthropic endeavours via the Sergei Fedorov Foundation, a 501(c)(3) charitable foundation, which has donated over $800,000 to charities that mostly benefit children in need.

Fedorov currently serves as the head coach of CSKA Moscow. He resides in Moscow during hockey season and splits his summers between Detroit and Miami.

Sergei is the brother of former professional hockey player Fedor Fedorov.

Awards and achievements

 * World Junior Championships – 1988 All-Star Team
 * NHL All-Rookie team – 1991
 * NHL first All-Star team – 1994
 * NHL All-Star Game – 1992, 1994, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003
 * KHL All-Star Game – 2010, 2011, 2012
 * NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition – "Fastest Skater" Winner (1992, 1994), "Hardest Shot" Winner (2002)
 * Hart Memorial Trophy – 1994
 * Lester B. Pearson Award – 1994
 * Frank J. Selke Trophy – 1994, 1996
 * Master of Sport Award (Ice Hockey) – 1998
 * Kharlamov Trophy – 2003
 * Faith Towards Hockey Award – 2011
 * 1994 NHL Player of the Year by The Sporting News
 * 3-time NHL Stanley Cup Champion: 1997, 1998 and 2002
 * Inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2016

NHL records and accomplishments

 * List of NHL records (individual)
 * Previously tied the record for Regular season overtime goals (15)
 * First European-trained player to win the Hart Memorial Trophy
 * First Russian player to reach 1,000 NHL points
 * Largest single season amount paid to an NHL athlete ($28 million, 43 total games) (1997–98)
 * Previously tied the record for "Fastest Skater" in the 1996 NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition (13.510s '93 Gartner).
 * Won the Hardest Shot Contest in the 2002 All-Star game with a recorded speed of 101.5 MPH
 * The only player in NHL history with Frank J. Selke Trophy and Hart Memorial Trophy in the same year - 1994.
 * Oldest player in NHL history to score a Game 7 game-winning goal (39 years, 136 days, Washington–New York on April 28, 2009).

Regular season and playoffs
Bolded numbers indicate season/playoff leader

title: Sergei Fedorov


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Michael E. Brown

Michael E. Brown (born June 5, 1965) is an American astronomer, who has been professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since 2003. His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), including the dwarf planet Eris, which was originally thought to be bigger than Pluto, triggering a debate on the definition of a planet.

He has been referred to by himself and by others as the man who "killed Pluto",  because he furthered Pluto's being downgraded to a dwarf planet in the aftermath of his discovery of Eris and several other probable trans-Neptunian dwarf planets. He is the author of How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming, published in 2010. He was awarded the Kavli Prize (shared with Jane Luu and David C. Jewitt) in 2012 "for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system."

Early life and education
Brown was raised in Huntsville, Alabama, and graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School in 1983. He earned his A.B. in physics from Princeton University in 1987, where he was a member of the Princeton Tower Club. Brown completed his senior thesis, titled "Simulating the measurement of the correlation function of the Shane–Wirtanen galaxy counts", under the supervision of Edward Groth. He did his graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned an M.A. degree in astronomy in 1990 and a Ph.D. degree in astronomy in 1994.

Discoveries
Brown is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery or co-discovery of 29 minor planets, not counting Haumea (see list below). He is best known in the scientific community for his surveys for distant objects orbiting the Sun. His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Particularly notable are Eris, a dwarf planet and the only TNO known to be more massive than Pluto, leading directly to Pluto's demotion from planet status; Sedna, a planetoid thought to be the first observed body of the inner Öpik–Oort cloud; and Orcus. Brown's team famously named Eris and its moon Dysnomia with the informal names Xena and Gabrielle, respectively, after the two main characters of Xena: Warrior Princess. Together with Jean-Luc Margot in 2001, he also discovered Romulus and Linus, two minor-planet moons in the asteroid belt.

Haumea controversy
Brown and his team also had been observing the dwarf planet for approximately six months before its announced discovery by José Luis Ortiz Moreno and colleagues from the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain. Brown originally indicated his support for Ortiz's team's being given credit for the discovery of Haumea. However, further investigation showed that a website containing archives of where the telescopes of Brown's team had been pointed while tracking Haumea had been accessed eight times in the three days preceding Ortiz's announcement, by computers with IP addresses that were traced back to the website of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC, Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia), where Ortiz works, and to e-mail messages sent by Ortiz and his student. These website accesses came a week after Brown had published an abstract for an upcoming conference talk at which he had planned to announce the discovery of Haumea; the abstract referred to Haumea by a code that was the same code used in the online telescope logs; and the Andalusia computers had accessed the logs containing that code directly, as would be the case after an internet search, without going through the home page or other pages of the archives. When asked about this online activity, Ortiz responded with an email to Brown that suggested Brown was at fault for "hiding objects", and said that "the only reason why we are now exchanging e-mail is because you did not report your object." Brown says that this statement by Ortiz contradicts the accepted scientific practice of analyzing one's research until one is satisfied that it is accurate, then submitting it to peer review prior to any public announcement. However, the Minor Planet Center only needs precise enough orbit determination on the object in order to provide discovery credit, which Ortiz provided (see Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons to verify typical time scale of observation and publication of discoveries).

The then director of the IAA, José Carlos del Toro, distanced himself from Ortiz, insisting that its researchers have "sole responsibility" for themselves. Brown petitioned the International Astronomical Union to credit his team rather than Ortiz as the discoverers of Haumea. The IAU has deliberately not acknowledged a discoverer of Haumea. The discovery date and location are listed as March 7, 2003, at Ortiz's Sierra Nevada Observatory. However, the IAU accepted Brown's suggested name of Haumea, which fit the names of Haumea's two moons, rather than Ortiz's Ataecina.

Proposed ninth planet
In January 2016, Brown and fellow Caltech astronomer, Konstantin Batygin, proposed the existence of Planet Nine, a major planet between the size of Earth and Neptune. The two astronomers gave a recorded interview in which they described their method and reasoning for proposing Planet 9 on January 20, 2016.

Other work
In 2010 Brown published a memoir of his discoveries and surrounding family life, How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming.

Honors, awards and accolades
Brown was named one of Time 100 most influential people of 2006. In 2007 he received Caltech's annual Feynman Prize, Caltech's most prestigious teaching honor. Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown, discovered on April 28, 1998, was named in his honor. In 2012, Brown was awarded the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics.

Students and postdocs
Brown's former graduate students and postdocs include astrophysicists Adam Burgasser, Jean-Luc Margot, Chad Trujillo, Marc Kuchner, Antonin Bouchez, Emily Schaller, Darin Ragozzine, and Megan Schwamb. He also has created a course on Coursera.

Personal life
Brown married Diane Binney on March 1, 2003. They have one daughter.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michael E. Brown


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TDT (TV station)

TDT is a digital television station in Tasmania, Australia. It is jointly owned by WIN Corporation and Southern Cross Austereo, operating as Tasmanian Digital Television.

History
In Australia, the major capital cities, and a majority of the regional areas, are served by three commercial broadcasters. However, some less populated areas are only granted two licences (and until the early 2000s, one in some cases) because there is not enough advertising revenue in some areas to sustain three separate commercial broadcasters.

In 2002, WIN Television, who had a Nine Network affiliation in Tasmania, and Southern Cross Broadcasting (now Southern Cross Austereo), who had a Seven Network affiliation in Tasmania in combination with a Network Ten affiliation in other regions, lodged a joint application under the Broadcasting Services Act (1992) to establish a third commercial broadcaster in Tasmania. The application was successful with TDT launching on 22 December 2003 on LCN 5. The station was available in Hobart from its launch date and to north-eastern Tasmania (including Launceston) in August 2004, and in 2006 Kelcey Tier, Devonport. Rollout continued across the state over the following years including the rest of the north-west coast, the west coast and the east coast before the digital switchover in 2013.

TDT was the first digital-only commercial channel in Australia. TDT's effect on the digital television market in Tasmania was widely anticipated, as success or failure would strongly guide the digital plans of other broadcasters.

As part of the joint venture, Southern Cross Broadcasting is responsible for handling playout (from their Canberra facility), and transmits this signal via satellite to WIN Television transmission facilities in Tasmania. WIN Television handle the business administration and advertising sales for TDT.

In May 2016, WIN Television announced it was taking up a Network Ten affiliation across its stations from 1 July 2016, affecting its Tasmanian station TVT. With TDT's number two rating Ten content being taken by WIN, the Nine Network would have to sign a new deal with TDT to ensure its content continued to be seen by Tasmanians. Following intense negotiations which lasted until the last day, 30 June, a deal was made for TDT to become a Nine Network affiliate. As a result, from 2016 to 2021, TDT Nine rebroadcast the Nine Melbourne feed supplemented with local advertising. As a result of the 2021 affiliation swapback, from 2021 to present, TDT 10 rebroadcasts the 10 Melbourne feed supplemented with local advertising.

Programming
Following significant public speculation about how programming would be carried by the new station, one of two options were suggested: Southern Cross would drop one of its affiliations (either Seven or Ten) and TDT would pick it up; or TDT would also become a dual Seven and Ten affiliate, and carry the programs that Southern Cross opted not to broadcast.

Southern Cross did not want to disrupt its existing market-leading program line-up, so the agreement TDT signed with Ten allowed Southern Cross to have 'first pick' of Ten programming. If both networks wanted to broadcast a program, Southern Cross had to broadcast it at the same time as TDT. If Southern Cross wanted to broadcast a Ten program at a different time, TDT would usually broadcast an alternative program. Examples of this included Thank God You're Here, The Bold and the Beautiful, and The Wedge. Huey's Cooking Adventures was an exception, with both networks screening it at different times.

From its initial broadcast in late December 2003, to late January 2004, TDT showed a direct feed of ATV-10 in Melbourne. As access to the TDT Ten broadcast gradually spread across the state in the following years, Southern Cross agreed to progressively drop Ten programs from its line-up. Southern Cross dropped Rove Live and Totally Wild in 2004, Big Brother in 2006, The Bold and the Beautiful in 2007, Huey's Cooking Adventures, Australian Idol and Thank God You're Here in 2008 (though it returned in 2009 with the program's move to Seven), and Neighbours and The Simpsons in 2009. In 2009, the only Ten content broadcast by Southern Cross was AFL.

During the AFL season, TDT simulcast the Ten News Melbourne bulletin (presented by George Donikian and broadcast to Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) on Saturday nights at 6:00pm which complemented Ten's Saturday AFL coverage. On Sundays, Ten's national bulletin presented by Natarsha Belling from Sydney was broadcast.

On 1 July 2016, TDT started to rebroadcast the Nine Melbourne feed supplemented with local advertising. On 1 July 2021, the affiliation switch was reversed and TDT switched back to the 10 Melbourne feed.

News
In 2012, the station began airing short local news updates produced by Southern Cross Austereo from their studios in Canberra. Production was moved to Southern Cross' Hobart newsroom in October 2018 where they adopted a similar look to the network-produced local bulletins broadcast on Southern Cross' mainland Nine affiliate stations. The Tasmania updates are currently presented by Madeline Kerr.

As a Network 10 affiliate, TDT simulcasts the hour and a half-long 10 News First Melbourne from ATV-10 presented weekdays by Jennifer Keyte as well as their weekend bulletins from TEN-10.

TDT used to simulcast the hour-long Nine News Melbourne from GTV-9 when it was a Nine affiliate presented weekdays by Peter Hitchener as well as their weekend bulletins.

Availability
TDT is simulcast in digital standard definition and 1080p high definition (10 HD). TDT is broadcast in most areas across Tasmania. TDT is an affiliate of Network 10, also broadcasts most of 10's sub-channels (10 Bold, 10 Peach and 10 Shake) and carries their branding and most programs.

Main transmitters
Notes:
 * 1. HAAT estimated from http://www.itu.int/SRTM3/ using EHAAT.

title: TDT (TV station)


text:
Samael (band)

Samael is a Swiss metal band formed in Sion in 1987. Their current lineup includes founding members and brothers Vorphalack (Vorph) and Xytraguptor (Xy), guitarist Drop and bassist Ales. A few other members have been part of the band throughout the years: Rodolph H. (keyboards, 1993–1995), Kaos (guitar, 1996–2001), Mas (bass, 1991–2014) and Makro (guitar, 2002–2018).

Samael is known to incorporate metal, industrial, electronic and symphonic music into their sound and mix it with massive beats, martial rhythms and up-tempo or blast beat. One of the key elements that distinguishes Samael from traditional metal bands is the use of a drum machine in studio and live on stage.

Early years and two first albums, 1987–1993
Although Vorphalack jammed and played with his friend Pat on drums since April 1987, it was when his brother Xytraguptor first sat behind the drums kit on 14 July 1988 that Samael really started. The two brothers soon recorded and released a 7-inch EP with two original songs "Into the Pentagram" and "The Dark" and a cover from Hellhammer "The Third of the Storm". They played a few shows in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland before entering Taurus Studio in Geneva to record their first album. Samael became a trio when Masmiseîm joined the band as a bass player, the new formation played its first show in Poland. Worship Him (1991) become the first album released by Osmose Productions one year after being recorded. The band played a bunch of shows to promote the album including a short eastern tour with Napalm Death which ended with two shows in Moscow. Samael signed with Century Media and record their second album at T&T Studio in Gelsenkirchen with producer Waldemar Sorychta. Blood Ritual is released on 1 December 1992, a month later the band embarked on their first European Tour with label mates Unleashed and Tiamat. The 20-date tour ended in Belgium with an indoor festival with Fear Factory, Brutal Truth and Agnostic Front among other bands.

Ceremony of Opposites and Rebellion, 1994–1995
Recorded and mixed in 10 days in Woodhouse Studios in Hagen (Germany) Ceremony of Opposites was produced by Waldemar Sorychta and released on 18 February 1994. The addition of keyboards in every song is accountable for the recruiting of Rodolph H who joined the band as keyboards player. A few samples could be heard throughout the album and most notably the voice of Aleister Crowley on the song "Crown" and the beginning of "The Hut on the Hen's Legs (Baba Yaga)" of the Pictures at an Exhibition from Modest Mussorgsky in "Baphomet's Throne". The crunchy and aggressive guitar sound, the keyboards orchestration, the metallic sound of the drums and over the top screaming vocal turned it into a seminal black metal album.

The band got invited by Martin Eric Ain (Celtic Frost) to play at the Lucifer Rising convention in Zurich in March before they joined the Full of Hate Festival tour headlined by Morbid Angel and Cannibal Corpse. A video for the song "Baphomet's Throne" was shot during that tour. The tour was followed by Samael's first headliner tour in Europe with Grave, Massacra and Therion as supports. The same year the band did their first US tour: 23 dates in 23 days up and down the East Coast as support for Cannibal Corpse and continued that tour in Europe for another 41 shows.

February 1995 the band was back in studio to record the Rebellion mini album. Two new tracks, two re-arranged songs and a cover version of "I Love the Dead" from Alice Cooper. "Static Journey" were the first songs Samael recorded with programmed drums. The Rebellion Tour started in Europe with Sentenced and ended with two shows in Mexico.

Passage and Exodus, 1996–1998
The band decided to work with a drum machine after Rodolph left the band. Xy moved from the drums to the keyboards and programmed all the drums parts. Kaos joined the band as second guitarist and the band went back to Woodhouse Studios for a 3 weeks session. The first show with the drum machine and new line up was on 26 June in Z7 in Pratteln (Switzerland) as opener for Kreator, the following day Samael played in With Full Force festival alongside Ministry, Motörhead, and Front Line Assembly. Passage was released on 19 August 1996 and a full European tour followed with support from label mates Moonspell and Rotting Christ. A video was shot in Berlin for the song "Jupiterian Vibe" directed by Andreas Marshall.

Samael co-headlined the 1997 Full of Hate Festival tour with Obituary, Entombed, Crowbar and Strapping Young Lad completed the line up. Later on that year they took part in another tour festival across Germany alongside Kreator, Sodom, Exodus, Grip Inc. and In Flames. That summer the band played for the first and only time at Dynamo Open Air in Eindhoven as well as Wacken, Grasspop, and With Full Force festival. In the meantime Xy released on his own label a neo classical version of Passage under the name Xytras. Exodus mini album was released in April 1998, in June Samael played in Istanbul with Kreator.

Eternal, Black Trip DVD, 1999–2003
In Montreux (Switzerland) at the Mountain Studios, Samael recorded their new album with rock producer David Richards. The sound and the overall production of Eternal was very much rooted in the 1970s while the approach of the songs was very contemporary. The gap between the opening song "Year Zero" and "Infra Galaxia" or between the Deep Purple sounding "Radiant Star" and the electronic stamped "Ways" is very wide. The band toured in Europe with Grip Inc. and Lacuna Coil before going to the US with Dimmu Borgir, Monstrosity and Epoch of Unlight. The following summer they played with Iron Maiden at Artefact Fest in France.

Early 2002 Kaos departed from the band and was replaced by Makro. With the new line-up, the band played a couple of shows before the Summer Breeze Open Air which became the core of Samael's first DVD Black Trip. In the meantime, Vorph and Xy worked on an electronic project which was released in 2006 under the name Era One. In January 2003 Samael was back on the road with Cathedral and Without Face for the Redemption Tour, the tour then went to the US with Strapping Young Lad and Cathedral as supporting acts.

Reign of Light and Solar Soul, 2004–2008
Reign of Light was recorded and mixed during the summer 2004, first single "Telephath" came with a video and was released in September, the album was out in October. The band toured Europe with support acts Flowing Tears for the first part of the tour and Dagoba for the Scandinavian dates. Samael later supported Oomph! in Germany. The next year, the single "On Earth" which featured a cover of "I Feel you" from Depeche Mode was released. The band played summer festivals in Europe and Switzerland. In Paleo Festival in Nyon (Switzerland) they played before Rammstein, four songs of that performance ended up on a bonus DVD for a special edition of Reign of Light. In Paris, the band received an award from Hard Rock magazine for best industrial album. After a European tour with Obituary the band finished recording their following album.

In March 2007 Samael opened for Iggy Pop in Montana (Switzerland) where they played two new songs for the first time: "On the Rise", and "Slavocracy". Solar Soul was mixed in Sweden by Stefan Glaumann and was released on 1 June through Nuclear Blast worldwide. In July they played with Nine Inch Nails at Rock Oz'Arenes. In March 2008 they were back on the road with Gothminister and Sybreed. During the summer Vorph and Xy went to Sweden to mix with Frederic Nordström a side project that was recorded a long time ago. In September they returned to the US with Amorphis and Virgin Black. After that tour, as the final mastering for the side project was done it was decided that it would become the next Samael album.

Above and Lux Mundi, 2009–2014
Recorded in 1999, mixed in 2008, Above was released on 6 March 2009. It was described by the band as a tribute to their metal roots and they listed some of their influences on the CD booklet: Kiss, AC/DC, Venom, Slayer, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Impaled Nazarene, Motörhead, Black Sabbath, Bathory. Faster and more extreme than anything Samael released previously, the album surprised the critics and fans alike but it sent the band on a 90 more dates tour. First in Europe with Deicide, Vader, Devian and The Amenta, then in the US with Carcass, Suicide Silence and Psycroptic, and finally all across Europe with Paradise Lost and Ghost Brigade.

Lux Mundi was co produced by Xy and Waldemar Sorychta, it was recorded in Switzerland and mixed in England by Russ Russel. First the band released a mini album Antigod which featured two live tracks, a remix and new version of the song "Into the Pentagram" from their first album Worship Him (1991). Samael toured in Europe with Finntroll and Rotting Christ in support of that mini album. A video was shot in Sweden by Patrick Ulaeus for the song "Luxferre" (Latin for "light carrier"). On 29 April 2011 Lux Mundi was released. The band later toured in Europe with Keep of Kalessin and Melechesh.

Xy was asked by the city of Sion (Switzerland) to compose a piece of music for a sound and light show to be played in two consecutive summers. Recorded in Prague with 100 classical musicians that piece of music was released on CD under the name Sedunum. In 2013, Samael played the album Passage in its entirety at Inferno Festival Switzerland and at Metal Hammer Paradise in Germany. Bass player and long time Samael member Mas left the band in November 2014, he was replaced by Drop (ex-Sybreed).

Return to the past, 2015–2017
20 years after it was first released, Samael celebrated their album Ceremony of Opposites (1994) by playing the entire album live over 40 times in festivals in Europe and US and with short tours in Canada, Russia and Poland. The fact that the album was performed with a drum machine instead of real drums like it was on the original recording created a polemic within the older fans of the band.

In May 2017 the member of Samael launched a side project W.A.R. (Worship and Ritual), in order to perform their first two, more primitive black metal albums, live. In this group, the original members adopted their old stage names (Vorphalack and Xytraguptor) and Xy returned to playing drums. The first W.A.R. concerts happened in Les Caves du Manoir in Martigny (Switzerland) were the band performed for two consecutive nights.

Hegemony, 2017–present
The new album Hegemony was released on 13 October 2017. Before hand the band released lyrics video for the songs "Angel of Wrath" and "Red Planet", and a video for "Black Supremacy". In early 2018, a video with live footage was released for Rite of Renewal.

Members

 * Current
 * Michael "Vorph" Locher – guitars, vocals (1987–present)
 * Alexandre "Xytras" Locher – drums, drum programming, keyboards, samples (1988–present)
 * Thomas "Drop" Betrisey – guitars (2018–present), bass (2015–2018)
 * Ales Campanelli – bass (2020–present)

 * Former
 * Pat Charvet – drums (1987–1988)
 * Rodolphe "H." Bellina – keyboards, samples (1993–1996)
 * Frédéric "Kaos" Miniutti – guitars (1996–2002)
 * Christophe "Mas" Mermod – bass (1991–2015)
 * Marco "Makro" Rivao – guitars (2002–2018)
 * Pierre "Zorrac" Carroz – bass (2018–2020)

title: Samael (band)


text:
Zionsville

Zionsville or Zionville may refer to:

 * Zionsville, Indiana
 * Zionville, North Carolina
 * Zionsville, Pennsylvania

title: Zionsville


text:
Taittinger

Taittinger is a French wine family who are famous producers of Champagne. The estate is currently headed by Vitalie Taittinger, who is the daughter of Pierre-Emmanuel Taittinger (born 1953), a member of the consultative committee of the Banque de France. Its diversified holdings included Champagne Taittinger, Société du Louvre and Concorde Hotels, whose flagship is the famed Hotel de Crillon on the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France as well as the Loire Valley wine-producing firm of Bouvet-Ladubay, and a partnership in Domaine Carneros in California. All these holdings were sold to Starwood Capital in 2005. The family re-acquired the house of Champagne Taittinger in 2006 after securing financial support from the Crédit Agricole bank and also the backing of trade organisations.

Champagne production
Founded in 1734, the Taittinger Champagne house is based in Reims. The flagship wines of the house are the Comtes de Champagne (composed of 100% Chardonnay) and Comtes de Champagne Rosé (70% Pinot noir and 30% Chardonnay). In 2017, Taittinger planted its first vines in England, near a village in Kent, for its venture into English sparkling wine. The first bottle will be ready in 2023.

History
In 1734, Jacques Fourneaux established a wine-business in Champagne and worked closely with the Benedictine abbeys which, at that time, owned the finest vineyards in the region. After the First World War, the wine house was moved to a large mansion on the Rue de Tambour in which Theobald I of Navarre (1201–1253) had lived. A long-standing legend held that it was he who brought the Chardonnay grape from Cyprus on returning from a crusade in the Middle Ages. This claim has been disproved by using genetic analysis, ascertained at the University of California at Davis.

The Taittingers were a family of wine merchants who, in 1870, moved to the Paris region from the Lorraine in order to retain their French citizenship after the Franco-Prussian War and the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871).

In 1932, Pierre Taittinger bought the Château de la Marquetterie from the wine house of Forest-Fourneaux. It had been used as a command post during World War I and he had been laid up there after suffering a heart attack during combat. The vineyards of the château had been planted with Chardonnay and Pinot noir since the 18th century. This property had been developed by Brother Jean Oudart, a Benedictine monk, one of the founding fathers of champagne wine, and later it had belonged to the writer Jacques Cazotte.

From 1945 to 1960 the business was run by Pierre's third son François. Under his direction, the Taittinger cellars were established in the Abbey of Saint-Nicaise, built in the thirteenth century in Gallo-Roman chalk pits dating from the fourth century. After François' death in an accident, his brother Claude took over and directed the business from 1960 to 2005. It was during this time that Taittinger became a champagne house of world renown.

Champagne Taittinger was sold in July 2005 by the Taittinger family, along with its subsidiary, Société du Louvre, to the U.S. private investment firm Starwood Capital Group. Those in the profession (Champagne houses, wine-producers, cooperatives, distributors and customers) proposed that the objectives of short-term profitability, or even medium term, at any price, advocated by the then current managers of the business, were not compatible with the production of Champagne wine of quality, which takes time, trust and a large delegation of authority to the masters of the cellar. In addition, the arrival of investors completely foreign to the culture of Champagne could result in a major breakdown of the equilibrium of the industry.

Finally, on 31 May 2006, the Northeast Regional Bank of the Crédit Agricole, in collaboration with Pierre-Emmanuel Taittinger, bought the business for 660 million euros. The area covers 288.84 hectares of vineyards and has 12 to 13 million bottles in stock. The Château de la Marquetterie and its cellars were part of the overall purchase. The Starwood group retained some of the hotels, including luxury hotels Crillon, Lutetia and Martinez, and the hotel chains Campanile and Kyriad.

Claude Taittinger retired in 2006 and his nephew Pierre-Emmanuel Taittinger replaced him as head of the business.

In 2017, it was announced that Taittinger had become the first champagne house to plant vines in the UK. Champagne Taittinger entered into a joint venture with UK wine agents Hatch Mansfield and in 2015 bought up land in Chilham, Kent, to plant 40 hectares of vines over the next three years.

In October 2019 it was announced that Vitalie Taittinger would become president from December 31, 2019. She had been working for the company for 12 years and was director of marketing and communications.

title: Taittinger


text:
Talk:Institut Le Rosey

Top
Seja430 Please do not vandalise articles and be aware of sensitivities of individuals and families when updating information just based on Google data.Google is not Britannica and is just a collection of information without any oversight.If you feel that the article or data is incorrect because it cant be verified on "Google" then just remove it,but do not place information which can have other consequences to those concerned. Thank you.

Thanks for posting this TWICE here. I am really rather unclear as to why you so vigorously support this information. Please direct any other discussion on the matter to my talk page. --Seja430 05:06, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I was astonished to read the comments about Le Rosey. As a parent of a graduating student and as having experience of some of the top schools in Canada, USA, and the United Kingdom Le Rosey outshines any and all schools in these countries. Le Rosey instills a work ethic that can not be found in the other top schools of the world. Mr. Gudin, the Director of Le Rosey, is a man of his word, walks his talk and employs very fine teachers. Le Rosey is one of the finest schools in the world from both and educational institution not to mention sporting achievements. The Le Rosey students are not only educated but prepared for life after Le Rosey and are accepted at some of the finest Universities in the world. A quote from a leading collage at Oxford “ I would pick a Le Rosey student above most others……” As to the cost I feel this is the greatest gift I could give my son and pales into insignificants when you see what you get. Lloyd Lecuona

Moved a student from article space: I have found only one mention of Kerry at Le Rosey at, but that mention is just a comment on the entry on "Lennon, Sean". The entry on Kerry himself doesn't mention Le Rosey.
 * John F. Kerry, 2004 democratic presidential candidate.

However, Kerry was at the Institut Montana in Zugerberg, Switzerland, from September 1954 to June 1955 :, then click on "News". See also.

Unless somebody can provide evidence that Kerry also attended Le Rosey, I suggest that he be not included in the list of alumni of Le Rosey. Lupo 12:47, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

A bit biased
As a former Rosean myself, I will not dispute that the quality of education there is not the highest in the world (especially considering its fantastically high price tag). Nevertheless, unlike the vast majority of Wikipedia's articles, which present a wide range of far more controversial topics in a even-handed manner, I find this one to be a bit biased against the school. I will refrain from editing the text for now to see if others agree. Also, I can assure you that John Kerry did not attend Le Rosey. The previous post is correct, that he did attend another Swiss boarding school for a time in his childhood.

JOHN KERRY'S BROTHER SPENT A YEAR IN ROSEY. That's all! Swift

 * Indeed, the "The establishment is highly over-valued with no higher then mediocre results in any of the subjects." is clearly stating an opinion rather than a fact. Added NPOV flag. --Denoir 02:43, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I must agree. I am also a former student, and feel that not only are these biased statements rather unfounded, but that they have no place in this - or any other - Wikipedia article. -- Sgenevieve

I think this was written by a slightly resentful student
But, like the previous poster, i will refrain from editing the page. Despite the fact that its loaded with opinions and facts, the information is not entirely accurate, purely because it lacks presentation of any positive facts, and as a former rosean, i can assure you those facts exist. french is not ENFORCED upon students. The previous poster has spent 5 years at this school, and he's level of french is comparable to my level of Russian, or of Chinese... I await responses. Also i would suggest you checked the language, spelling, grammar and sytanx before you post something on a public page. Basically so that you dont make public the fact that you don't know ANY english. Gee perhaps you should let them enforce french upon you, given that english enforcement seems to be yielding rather poor results... Oh and incidentally, taking advantage of anonimity to publish insults is a great sign of cowardice. but some people get turned on by that, so whatever floats your boat.

 * It is kinda funny to see the previous person complaining about spelling when s/he made so many in his/her text.

Rosey is one of the best schools I know of.
I am also a former student and I can testify to the quality of my teachers and to the tremendously rich environment, full of students with many interests, including social and cultural. Most students speak French. I didn't when I entered school, but our teacher had a very good system and I can say that pretty soon I was speaking fluently. In addition, one shares meals with the teacher. By the way, the food was excellent; not at all what you would expect from a school's kitchen.

-- I would certainly hope that the food is good at the most expensive school in the world... (NBMATT (talk) 12:34, 15 March 2012 (UTC))

Pozzo di Borgo
"The Pozzos did not go to Rosey... Where do you get your info from?" - comment left by User:83.78.90.69 in article Pozzo di Borgo family, and moved here. Rd232 talk 11:41, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Just FYI... The Pozzo di Borgos attend(ed) schools in Paris. Boarding school isn't exactly the "done thing" in France, especially in Paris... However, I can definitely say that they were at a school much like Le Rosey (also bilingual).

Need for balance
Clearly everyone involved in this article is biased in some way by direct associations with the school. Whilst this may be the most obvious way of knowing facts about the place, it clearly leads to biased views, either for or against the school. People who come out of a boarding school environment generally feel one or the other, and not much in between- this article needs some balance and editing from someone who did not attend the school and is not linked directly with it. I did not think the article was massively against the school although there is clearly room for improvement and by the sounds of the discussion here that much is inaccurate. Re the first poster on this page, I would be extremely disappointed if an Oxford tutor said that and wonder if they can substantiate this comment. It sounds like this school clearly does a good job of preparing students for places like Oxford, but an Oxford tutor will look for the potential in every candidate, not just those who were subjected to years of preparation specifically for entry to top universities and who are at a high level to begin with.

The school sounds like an interesting place - some information on founders, more info on buildings, and factual information would greatly benefit this article.

overestimating the school
Having gone to many international schools and institutes around the world i can tell you that Le Rosey rises above the rest in presentation. However this is just (in my opinion) a thin layer, that hides the not so attractive side to this school. Many of the children adopt an expensive lifestyle, which is fine, but not when they inforce it upon others. Expensive weekends, and explicit money spending has given a bad name to Rosey graduates. I found that not all students we're spoilt, but a vast majority were.

Distinguished Alumni
BTW, while we're at it, can anyone verify that the New York Van Cortlandt family is still in existence? I saw that someone listed them here as alumni, but this cannot be verified so I removed it. I am convinced that the family is extinct. If anyone has any info, please share. Thesaunterer 00:42, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * That was my fault. I had conflated my cousins' Swiss boarding schools into one. Additionally, their last name excludes the final 't' and probably most of the Patroon heritage thereby implied. The young ladies in question attended Dwight and The American School in Switzerland, neither of which is Le Rosey at all. --Seja430 01:17, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Still biased, + contribution:
the sons Justo and Pasteur Obiang of Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (president of Equatorial Guinea) attended Rosey. They moved to College De Leman as of 2005.

Also the article remains biased:

"Invaluable to the students is a very high-quality education with an International Baccalaureate. However, as adults, having a worldwide network of former classmates at the highest levels of industry or government can be priceless."

Should be removed, whether these items are actually valuable/invaluable/whatever is debatable, as is the quality of an IB diploma. It should be removed, or changed, stating facts rather than opinion.

Also, the phrase is pleonastic, "invaluable to students is....However, as adults.....priceless.

I do believe that invaluable and priceless mean the same thing, why "however"?

Seja430 Please do not vandalise articles and be aware of sensitivities of individuals and families when updating information just based on Google data.Google is not Britannica and is just a collection of information without any oversight.If you feel that the article or data is incorrect because it cant be verified on "Google" then just remove it,but do not place information which can have other consequences to those concerned. Thank you.

I am well aware that Google is not Britannica, and am unsure of the "other consequences" to which you refer. Feel free to elaborate on my talk page. --Seja430 00:53, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Famous alumni - a target for hoaxes?
I have serious doubts as to the accuracy of this list. Many names are added by anons, and we have no way of verifying the claims. I think many of them are hoaxes. My suggestion would be to remove all the redlinked names. In fact, we could scrap the list altogether (though that would be a pity) and mention one or two names of people that we know went to school there in the main body of the article. AnnH ♫ 12:05, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added an invisible note saying:
 * I think we need to be very firm about this. I have sometimes hesitated in the past about removing something added by an anon (it's usually anons who add these hoaxes) when I didn't know for a fact that this person hadn't been educated at Rosey, but it's really better for the encyclopaedia if we leave out someone who studied there than if we include someone who didn't. AnnH ♫ 15:31, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I think we need to be very firm about this. I have sometimes hesitated in the past about removing something added by an anon (it's usually anons who add these hoaxes) when I didn't know for a fact that this person hadn't been educated at Rosey, but it's really better for the encyclopaedia if we leave out someone who studied there than if we include someone who didn't. AnnH ♫ 15:31, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. The burden is on those who add the material to provide verifiable citation to a reliable source. Tom Harrison Talk 16:58, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * In the interests of full disclosure, I've just added Mayuko Takata to the alumni list after fixing a link on her bio page. I'm not having too much luck finding an (English) source/verification link yet, but I'm still looking.  It's no hoax, so hopefully my addition won't get reverted.  PantsCorp 17:02, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Documented hoax
If you want proof that this section is a target for hoaxes, I offer this smoking-gun example: A new article in The New Yorker describes the repeated frauds of Samantha Azzopardi of Australia, describing how she once used a forged letter of reference from Le Rosey. Curious, I did a quick search of WP for more information about her, finding her mentioned in this very article: "Emily Samantha Azzopardi granddaughter of French billionaire Liliane Bettencourt also attends Le Rosey." It was added by an anon editor in Australia in March 2011. The timing (after the hoax she referenced Le Rosey in) suggests that Azzopardi may not have added it herself... or maybe she was setting up the next one. Regardless, I've just removed it as obviously untrue (and a BLP violation of Bettencourt). A shame the above statements of vigilance weren't followed up on. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 15:46, 31 December 2015 (UTC)

memo

 * Baron de Rede
 * Written by Andrea Di Robilant

 * and either of them is/was really notable? --Svartalf 18:09, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Brian Mullally, Kevin Mullally and le rosey
I have put in the link for Brian Mullally and Kevin Mullally several times, and it is removed. Why? There is proof that Brian Mullally went to le Rosey (the alumni page) and there is proof that Kevin Mullally is the Director of USAID in Rwanda and is obviously an American Diplomat. It was even printed in the washington post. If you simply google it, it is there. please respond. thank you. Mullally18@hotmail.com 22:41, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not finding anything. Could you give me a link? Tom Harrison Talk 22:49, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Please post the links to the exact pages here. Also, you may have noticed when you were adding that name that that section has an invisible note (i.e. one that you don't see when reading the page, but that you see when you open the edit box) warning editors that names added will be removed unless they give verification on the discussion page. By the way, your article on Keven Mullally has been deleted. Apparently it was a copyright violation. AnnH ♫ 22:53, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

continue
oh wow... i don't know how to redirect to another website where the other article is found... http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2005/pr050628.html how can i redirect to that website?

That works, but the page doesn't mention Institut Le Rosey. Tom Harrison Talk 23:53, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

How do i redirect this page? I'm not sure what you are asking. I went to the usaid link you provided, but didn't find any mention of Institut Le Rosey. For other links, just copy and paste from the address bar and we'll figure it out. If you want to get fancy, you can link to Google like this. Tom Harrison Talk 00:41, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Harold H. Tittman,III
I am an anon who changed the second to last alum from "William Tittman III; American diplomat" to "Harold H. Tittman III, American Diplomat; author." For verification see: _Inside the Vatican of Pius XII: The Memoir of an American Diplomat During World War II_ (New York: Image/Doubleday, 2004) Le Rosey with great affection on p. 56. 66.9.199.16 19:46, 2 July 2006 (UTC)ChasGall66.9.199.16 19:46, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks; I was easily able to search the book on online at amazon and confirm that. Tom Harrison Talk 21:29, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Wilding brothers
I don't understand why Michael and Christopher Wilding, sons of Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Wilding, were removed from the Notable Alumni list. I have a 1967 Rosey yearbook where they are listed as:  Mike and Chris Wilding, Los Angeles. Many others are listed as progeny of famous people and aren't Liz Taylor and Michael Wilding famous enough ? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mediacritic99 (talk • contribs) 06:52, 14 September 2006.

 * Hi, Mediacritic. Yes, sure they're famous enough, but as the first sentence of this policy document says, "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth. 'Verifiable' in this context means that any reader must be able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source." Because Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia "that anyone can edit", we're in constant danger of haoxes, and have to be very cautious about what we accept. Many of the editors who insert names of people who supposedly studied at Rosey are unregistered users, who add a lot of questionable information and then disappear.  Even the registered users can't be accepted without question.  Any practical joker can register a user name that guards his/her real-life identity, put a lot of nonsense into articles, and not be answerable to anyone. I did a search for the names of the Wilding brothers on Google, with "Rosey", and did not find any mention that they went to Rosey. So, while we thank you for your efforts, unfortunately we can't accept that edit unless the information is such that it can be checked by any reader. By the way, when you make an edit on a talk page, can you type four tildes  (~)  at the end.  They will automatically convert into your signature (linking to your user page) and the date. Thanks, and happy editing! AnnH ♫ 07:37, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Well, just because Google does not have them listed as going to Rosey seems to me to be an insufficient reason to remove them. How is a 1967 Rosey yearbook not sufficient proof ? Do you need a fax of the relevant page ? 24.18.221.180 04:21, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
 * could you please scan it and insert the image into this page? 128.54.77.34 06:41, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

What is crew?
Is it rowing? Please clarify in the article. OrchWyn 16:19, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Justine KASSA-VUBU
http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/KassaVubuEng.html

Alumni
There are a errors in the alphabetical listing of the alumni. Royals/Nobles are known by their first name and should be listed alphabetically by that name (ex. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent should be listed as an E (for Edward) not a D (for Duke). In the case of "Andrea di Robilant", the name should be listed with the R's (Robilant), not the D's (di). I will correct the previous errors, please leave comments here before editing. -- AJ24 15:28, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Also requiring attention is the following alumni that are not included in the Le Rosey article list. Respond if you find that any of the following names cannot be listed.

 * All three of the The Miller Sisters, the daughters of Robert W. Miller:
 * Pia Getty
 * Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece
 * Alexandra von Fürstenberg

The International Herald Tribune reports that Juan Carlos I of Spain attended Le Rosey briefly. Forbes has reported that the children of Adnan Khashoggi, David Niven, Elizabeth Taylor, and Roger Moore attended the school. -- AJ24 17:38, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Joe Dassin, musician
 * Rhonda Ross Kendrick, actress, daughteer of Diana Ross
 * Tracee Ellis Ross, actress, daughter of Diana Ross
 * David Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke, British Peer
 * Robin Russell, 14th Duke of Bedford
 * Michael Korda, former editor-in-chief of Simon & Schuster
 * Arpad Busson, French-Swiss financier
 * Egon von Fürstenberg, fashion designer
 * José Ferrer, Academy Award-winning actor
 * Members of the Iranian Royal Family, of the Pahlavī dynasty

 * I have no opinion on how Royals/Nobles should be listed. Everyone else listed should be supported by citation to a reliable source. I do not think it is useful to exhaustively list every person we can prove attended. The article should focus primarily on the school. The list of alumni is informative as far as it says something about the school and the people who attend. I think an illustrative dozen is plenty. We link to an 'official alumni page', and they are probably a better choice to maintain a complete list. Tom Harrison Talk 20:45, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I completely agree that the alumni list is far less important than the article text, however, the official alumni page does not provide a public record of its alumni. Furthermore, deciding who to list and not to list would be an ordeal. The alumni list seems to be the only (or most) accurate data in the entire article. The list is composed of a very diverse and highly important group, so consequently, naming only the most important or a "select list" would be near impossible. What I think is most important is eliminating the opinion factor that has always plagued the article. The article itself is very short in comparison to how much history the subject contains. On the matter of the alumni that I listed in the article's discussion page, I will be adding their names to the Le Rosey article unless there are any issues. If possible, it would be great if you could help out with improving the main text of Le Rosey's article, as it is lacking to say the very least. Thanks again, AJ24 21:10, 10 July 2007 (UTC).
 * I have made several major improvements to the article: adding inline citations, including history information, et al, while the article is still "under construction". If there are any issues with the improvements please do not hesitate to comment. Thank you. -- AJ24 04:55, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Moved from Talk pages of Xn4 and AJ24
Thanks for your recent contribution to the Institut Le Rosey article. As a precaution due to past severe vandalism, most edits need to be cleared by a consensus on the article's discussion page. Currently, we are discussing the list of Le Rosey alumni and are adding referenced alumni to the list. We have yet to move into the main text of the article. The Le Rosey article is unique in that there is very little public information available about the subject of the article and there are even fewer individuals who have even heard of the subject. For future contributions please bring it up in the discussion page. Many thanks, AJ24 23:35, 10 July 2007 (UTC).

 * I beg your pardon, but would you mind explaining these statements? There is nothing at the head of the Institut Le Rosey page to say that all edits will be reverted by 'us' unless cleared by 'us', and the notion that "most edits need to be cleared by a consensus on the article's discussion page" strikes me as not being how Wikipedia works! Regards, Xn4 23:53, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I do not see how you could be angry. I informed you that signficant changes need to be addressed on the discussion page before being made. Your edits were significant. As for your assertion that it is not Wikipedia policy to operate that way, you should know that Wikipedia is about working together with fellow Wikipedians so that the articles are as neutral as possible. It is very obvious that the article needs to be edited, but editing the Le Rosey article must be done orderly and with more than one opinion. "Cleared" was perhaps the wrong word to use, but regardless of my wording, it is always appropriate to read the discussion page of any article before editing it. If you had, you would have noticed there are many issues being discussed that require the opinions of many Wikipedians. I invite you to join in on the discussion. I am very sorry if it seems that I was brushing off your edits. Editing the Le Rosey article needs to be done in steps. Sorry for the confusion, -- AJ24 00:46, 11 July 2007 (UTC).

 * Well, thank you for your apology, AJ24, but I don't see any anger in my comments above! It isn't at all clear to me who you mean by 'we'. Vandalism should be reverted, no doubt, and wrong edits should be corrected, but reasonable ones should be accepted or else improved on. You say "editing the Le Rosey article must be done orderly and with more than one opinion", and I can agree with the first part of that, but on the second part of it it is hard to see why that should apply to this article and not to all others. Regards, Xn4 01:25, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * On a different topic, inline citations are not suitable for the Le Rosey article's alumni list. Related alumni lists do not feature inline citations. I have written several times that significant edits need to be discussed, it's not Wikipedia policy or a rule, it's just common courtesy. I'm not about to undo your edits, however, the article is going to end up in shambles if there's no communication between fellow editors. It would be appropraite if you, yourself, removed the citations for the time being. There are many, many issues on the discussion page that need input and opinions, it would be very helpful if you could concentrate on the issues at hand. It takes much less time for multiple users to work on one issue than for several users to work on different issues. Please add your input/comments to the Le Rosey article's discussion page, as opinions are badly needed. Thanks again, AJ24 04:15, 11 July 2007 (UTC).

 * With all due respect, I can't agree at all that "inline citations are not suitable for the Le Rosey article's alumni list". The policies of Wipidia apply to all of its articles, including Institut Le Rosey. Per Verifiability, The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth. "Verifiable" in this context means that any reader should be able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source. Verifiability is one of Wikipedia's core policies.

 * I also can't agree that "Related alumni lists do not feature inline citations." Wikipedia lists are articles (or parts of them) and all policies apply. See, for example, List of notable Old Alleynians, which is one of the better lists in that regard. Completely unreferenced articles (as Le Rosey's was until yesterday) should really be marked Unreferenced, because in Wikipedia's terms they are not worthy of an encyclopedia. Strictly speaking, the Le Rosey article should have been so marked. Regards, Xn4 12:38, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * "Verifiable" in this context means that any reader should be able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source" and "Editors should provide a reliable source for quotations and for any material that is challenged or is likely to be challenged". Inline citations on just some of the alumni, instead of all or most, implies that not all of the names can be verified by a published source. All of the names on the list have have been found from a major newspaper and/or news organization. None of the names of the current list have been challenged. If a Wikipedian were to google their name and "Le Rosey" together there would be multiple, reliable sources to confirm their attendance. That is verifiability. More popularly read articles like the list of old Etonians, old Harrovians, and Harvard University people do not use inline citations, and are seen by countless more Wikipedians than the Le Rosey article. Again, you seem to have failed to pay attention to the prior discussion that focused on step by step contributions to the Le Rosey article. An inline citation of Juan Carlos I of Spain, Elizabeth Taylor's children, Bruce Johnston's son, etc, would be appropriate. There are 10 different reputable websites that tell you all about the Aga Khan attending Le Rosey. Again, it would be appropriate if you undid your edits and discussed changes on this talk page. It would be greatly and sincerely appreciated. What needs to be worked on is finding sources for the alumni on the talk page, as alumni listed on the Le Rosey article page have already been thoroughly verified. Inline citations are needed far more in the text than in a list of alumni, which is really overly unnecessary. I have found multiple, reputable sources that all 3 Miller Sisters attended, so I will go ahead and insert their names. What also needs to be worked on is the school's history: the founding, Henri Carnal and his successors, school curriculum, notable events, etc. Again, it would be greatly appreciated if you concentrated on the more pressing issues, and not concentrate on things that have already been accomplished. Many thanks, AJ24 14:52, 11 July 2007 (UTC).
 * The list of alumni is part of what you call "the text", and I don't agree with your view that some facts need to be referenced and others don't. The question is not whether facts "have already been thoroughly verified" by someone somewhere (but without details having been provided), nor whether information has or has not been "challenged". The references I have added are the only ones on the page so far and are appropriate. If you remove them, please add the Unreferenced template to the page. Xn4 15:36, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The article information has always been referenced to the most accurate and credible information: the Le Rosey website. -- AJ24 15:44, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I take your point, and the external link to that web site is indeed helpful, but one external link to another site to be searched for the verification of particular facts is not strictly a reference. See Citing sources -

 * "The principle Wikipedia works to is that every useful piece of information that someone knows should have been written about somewhere already and therefore the best way to prove the information here is to reference that source.

 * In detail, the purpose of citation is:

 * To improve the overall credibility and authoritative character of Wikipedia.
 * To credit a source for providing useful information and to avoid claims of plagiarism.
 * To show that your edit is not original research.
 * To ensure that the content of articles is credible and can be checked by any reader or editor.
 * To help users find additional reliable information on the topic.
 * To reduce the likelihood of editorial disputes, or to resolve any that arise.
 * To ensure that material about living persons is reliably sourced and complies with Biographies of living persons."

 * Xn4 17:34, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

GA fail
This article is not comprehensive and needs to be carefully copy edited. The editors might take a look at some of the FA university articles; that might help them structure this page better. Awadewit | talk  09:03, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The "History" section should be expanded to include details other than dates and names.
 * There should be some discussion of academics. What kinds of courses are offered? What kind of curriculum is followed in the elementary school and secondary schools? etc.
 * There should be some discussion of student life. What kinds of clubs and activities are there? What kinds of athletics programs are there?
 * The list of alumni is too long - either create a separate page or drastically reduce it to a paragraph. (Yes, all alumni claims have to be sourced.)
 * Many sections of the article read like prose lists. Remove some of the statistics and explain the rest in relation to each other or some common benchmark, so that the reader isn't overwhelmed.
 * The article needs to be carefully copy edited.

Assess
Top importance as it is one of the most exclusive and expensive schools in the world with a glittering gallery of jet set alumni and lots of monarchs and other royalty. Well written and well referenced article which has improved enormously since its failed GA nomination back in July. It must now be very close to GA. A few current pictures of the school and its two campuses would be helpful. Ensure that all the pics you use are out of copyright (70 years after the death of the photographer in Europe which would appear to rule out the 1965 picture). You need to decide whether to use British/English or American/English spelling (eg, centre or center, programme or program). British/English is surely more appropriate for a European school and is the spelling used on the school's own website. Good luck! Dahliarose 19:49, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You can, of course, upload recent pictures, so long as there is no copyright problem. The best thing is often to take the picture yourself, or else to get another user to take it, so that you can donate it and use one of the two public domain templates below. Xn4  19:14, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 *   gives -
 * I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible, I grant any entity the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.
 *   gives -
 * This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Xn4. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible, the creator grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. Subject to disclaimers.

Fair use rationale for Image:InstitutleRosey.JPG
Image:InstitutleRosey.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. — Save_Us _ 229  21:11, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Tuition CHF to USD...
How would it be possible for 90,000CHF to equal 109,000USD while 20,000CHF equals 19,000USD?

C'mon, people... (NBMATT (talk) 12:33, 15 March 2012 (UTC))

Contradiction
There is a contradiction in this article. In the introduction, it states that Le Rosey is the most expensive school. However, in the "Tuiton Fees" section, the article states that the Le Rosey is the second most expensive school in the world, after the Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil. I do not know which is true, so I have refrained from editing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.82.15.135 (talk) 02:54, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I am not interested in the slightest degree in all this pathetic snobbery. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.176.252.226 (talk) 13:57, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Onassis
Does anyone have an RS for Alexander Onassis being an alumni of Le Rosey? Gareth E Kegg (talk) 16:05, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * He was only there for four hours. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.69.250 (talk) 11:58, 1 November 2015 (UTC)
 * See "Martha Gellhorn, A Life", which implies that Alexander Onassis was at Le Rosey. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.69.250 (talk) 12:08, 1 November 2015 (UTC)
 * See the edit of 89.216.32.232 on 5/7/2012. He seems to know about the four hours. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.69.250 (talk) 12:22, 1 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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1967
Apparently, Le Rosey became co-educational in 1967. This should be in the article, somewhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.159.119.123 (talk) 11:55, 26 August 2016 (UTC)
 * It is there now.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Institut Le Rosey