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Fabliau

A fabliau (plural fabliaux) is a comic, often anonymous tale written by jongleurs in northeast France between c. 1150 and 1400. They are generally characterized by sexual and scatological obscenity, and by a set of contrary attitudes—contrary to the church and to the nobility. Several of them were reworked by Giovanni Boccaccio for the Decameron and by Geoffrey Chaucer for his Canterbury Tales. Some 150 French fabliaux are extant, the number depending on how narrowly fabliau is defined. According to R. Howard Bloch, fabliaux are the first expression of literary realism in Europe.

Some nineteenth-century scholars, most notably Gaston Paris, argue that fabliaux originally came from the Orient and were brought to the West by returning crusaders.

History and definition of the genre
The fabliau is defined as a short narrative in (usually octosyllabic) verse, between 300 and 400 lines long, its content often comic or satiric. In France, it flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries; in England, it was popular in the 14th century. Fabliau is often compared to the later short story; Douglas Bush, longtime professor at Harvard University, called it "a short story broader than it is long."

The fabliau is remarkable in that it seems to have no direct literary predecessor in the West, but was brought from the East by returning crusaders in the 12th century. The closest literary genre is the fable as found in Aesop "and its eastern origins or parallels," but it is less moral and less didactic than the fable. The word is a northern French diminutive from fable.." In terms of morality it is suggested to be closer to the novel than to the parable: "the story is the first thing, the moral the second, and the latter is never suffered to interfere with the former." Still, according to Robert Lewis, "some two-thirds of the French fabliaux have an explicit moral attached to them."

The earliest known fabliau is the anonymous Richeut (c. 1159–1175 ); one of the earliest known writers of fabliaux is Rutebeuf, "the prototype of the jongleur of medieval literature."

The genre has been quite influential: passages in longer medieval poems such as Le Roman de Renart as well as tales found in collections like Giovanni Boccaccio's Decamerone and Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales have their origin in one or several fabliaux. Additionally, the medieval church also found use for the fabliau form. Noting its popularity, the church turned to their own form of minstrelsy similar to the fabliau that espoused "worthy thoughts" rather than the "ribaldry" a more typical fabliau would couch its moral in.

When the fabliau gradually disappeared, at the beginning of the 16th century, it was replaced by the prose short story, which was greatly influenced by its predecessor. Famous French writers such as Molière, Jean de La Fontaine, and Voltaire owe much to the tradition of the fabliau.

Cast of characters, audience
Typical fabliaux contain a vast array of characters, including cuckolded husbands, rapacious clergy, and foolish peasants, as well as beggars, connivers, thieves, and whores. Two groups are often singled out for criticism: the clergy and women. The status of peasants appears to vary, based on the audience for which the fabliau was being written. Poems that were presumably written for the nobility portray peasants (vilains in French) as stupid and vile, whereas those written for the lower classes often tell of peasants getting the better of the clergy.

The audience for fabliaux is estimated differently by different critics. Joseph Bédier suggests a bourgeois audience, which sees itself reflected in the urban settings and lower-class types portrayed in fabliaux. On the other hand, Per Nykrog argues that fabliaux were directed towards a noble audience, and concludes that fabliaux were the impetus for literary refreshment.

Subject matter
The subject matter is often sexual: fabliaux are concerned with the elements of love left out by poets who wrote in the more elevated genres such as Ovid, who suggests in the Ars Amatoria (II.704–5) that the Muse should not enter the room where the lovers are in bed; and Chrétien de Troyes, who maintains silence on the exact nature of the joy discovered by Lancelot and Guinevere in Le Chevalier de la Charrette (4676–4684). Lais and fabliaux have much in common; an example of a poem straddling the fence between the two genres is "Lecheor".

Fabliaux derive a lot of their force from puns and other verbal figures; "fabliaux . . . are obsessed with wordplay." Especially important are paranomasia and catachresis, tropes which disrupt ordinary signification and displace ordinary meanings —by similarity of sound, for instance, one can have both "con" and "conte" ("cunt" and "tale") in the same word, a common pun in fabliaux.

Bacon is one of the commonest foodstuffs in, and a common subject in, the fabliaux.

Form
The standard form of the fabliau is that of Medieval French literature in general, the octosyllable rhymed couplet, the most common verse form used in verse chronicles, romances (the romans), lais, and dits. They are generally short, a few hundred lines; Douin de L'Avesne's Trubert, at 2984 lines, is exceptionally long.

Authors and tales
Famous writers of fabliaux include Jean Bodel, Garin, Gautier le Leu, Rutebeuf, Enguerrant le Clerc d'Oisi and Douin de L'Avesne.

Some representative tales:

"Gombert et les deus clers"
A well-known storyline is found in "Gombert et les deus clers" ("Gombert and the two clerks"). Two traveling clerks (students) take up lodging with a villain, and share the bedroom with Gombert, his beautiful wife, and their two children—one teenage girl, and one baby. One of the clerks climbs into bed with the teenage daughter and, promising her his ring, has his way with her; the other, while Gombert is "ala pissier" ("gone pissing", 85), moves the crib with the baby so that Gombert, on his return, lies down in the bed occupied by the clerks—one of whom is in bed with his daughter, while the other is now having sex with Gombert's wife, who thinks it is Gombert come to pleasure her. When the first clerk returns to his bed where he thinks his friend still is, he tells Gombert all about his adventure: "je vien de fotre / mes que ce fu la fille a l'oste" ("I've just been fucking, and if it wasn't the host's daughter", 152–53). Gombert attacks the first clerk, but ends up being beaten up by both.

The tale is found practically unchanged in Boccaccio's Decameron and in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Reeve's Tale".

"L'enfant de neige"
In "L'enfant de neige" ("The snow baby"), a black comedy, a merchant returns home after an absence of two years to find his wife with a newborn son. She explains one snowy day she swallowed a snowflake while thinking about her husband, which caused her to conceive. Pretending to believe the "miracle", they raise the boy until the age of 15 when the merchant takes him on a business trip to Genoa. There, he sells the boy into slavery. On his return, he explains to his wife that the sun burns bright and hot in Italy; since the boy was begotten by a snowflake, he melted in the heat.

"Bérangier au lonc cul" (Bérangier of the long arse)
"De Bérangier au lonc cul" is a medieval French fabliau. There are two versions of the fabliau: one by Guerin and one anonymous. In summary, the story begins when a rich earl marries his daughter off to a "young peasant" and deems him a knight. The knight abandons the code of chivalry and lazes around for the first ten years of the marriage. When his wife, tired of his demeaning attitude and lazy nature, speaks of the greatness of the knights in her family, the husband decides to prove himself a worthy knight. He dresses in armor and goes into the forest on horseback. Once in the forest, he hangs his shield on the lowest branch of a tree and beats it until it looks as if it endured a great battle. The knight returns to his wife, shows her his bruised armor, and gloats about his victories. After a few trips into the forest, the wife begins to wonder why the knight himself is unscathed while his armor is in shambles. The next day, she suggests he take servants with him. When he refuses, the lady dresses in a full body suit of armor and follows him into the forest. When she sees him beating his own shield, she steps into sight and threatens to kill him for his dishonor to chivalry. The knight does not recognize his wife's voice. He begs for "pity" and offers to do anything to avoid conflict. His wife, disguised as a mighty knight, gives him the option of jousting her, in which he will surely die, or kissing her arse. Out of cowardice, the knight chooses to kiss her arse. She hops off her horse and pulls down her pants. While the knight should have recognized her female genitalia, he remarks that she has a long arse. Before she leaves, she tells him, "I'm Bérangier of the Long Ass, Who puts shame to the chickenhearted." The wife returns home and sleeps with a valiant knight. When her husband arrives from the forest, he rebukes her. However, that was his last demeaning remark to her. She tells him she met Bérangier and learned of her husband's cowardice. To protect his own name, the knight is forced to succumb to his wife's wishes. Her cleverness leads her to do as she pleased for the rest of her life, and her husband lives in shame.

Other examples
Other popular fabliaux include:

 * "La vielle qui graissa la patte de chevalier" ("The old woman who paid the knight for favors.")
 * "Le Pauvre Clerc" ("The poor clerk")
 * "Le Couverture partagée" ("The shared covering")
 * "Le Pretre qui mangea les mûres" ("The priest who ate mulberries")
 * "La crotte" ("The turd")
 * "Le Chevalier qui fit les cons parler" ("The Knight who made cunts speak") by Guèrin
 * (Dit de) La vieille Truande ("The old beggar woman")
 * "Du prestre ki abevete" ("The priest who peeked") by Guèrin

title: Fabliau


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Talk:South Wairarapa District

Untitled
We may want to convert this to the "district" rather than the territorial authority. Most other councils seem to have their cities or districts as the name of the page. I won't mind if someone gets in and does it - but change the link to it accordingly. :robinp 08:19, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I've changed the page content to make the TA a component rather than the subject of the page. I haven't tidied all the links yet (I just left the existing ones as they were).  I think this TA is a little different to most others because it is not centred on one or even two towns or districts as its identity.   Anyway I hope the changes help address the concern.  --Januarian (talk) 10:06, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Regional status
Some bias should be removed here. Featherston and most of the Wairarapa have always lain in Wellington, either as a province or the modern region. The article is very POV on this subject. Enzedbrit 11:25, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Revisions since your comment seem to have addressed this. However, I have crafted some words that show the close links between the district and Wellington.  I think the wording now is more reflective of the current reality/practice.  Implying that Featherston is primarily part of Wellington and only weakly related to Wairarapa is a difficult position to sustain.  There are numerous combinations of living, working, and using services that don't support that argument.  Just one example is the Wairarapa District Health Board.  --Januarian (talk) 10:06, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:South Wairarapa District


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Solandra maxima

Solandra maxima is a flowering plant in the Solanaceae family. It is also known as cup of gold vine, golden chalice vine, or Hawaiian lily, is a vigorous vine which is endemic to Mexico and Central America. It has very large yellow flowers and glossy leaves. It is often planted as an ornamental plant.

Description
It is a fast-growing, 12 m (40 ft) tall climbing vine, which is often pruned back in cultivation to a shrub with overhanging twigs. All parts of the plant are poisonous. The leaves are alternately arranged, broad-elliptical to oblong, 5-18 × 2-9 cm in size, leathery, glossy on top and usually short-acuminate.

Flowers
The funnel-shaped flowers are usually solitary. The calyx is 5-8 cm long, pentagonal and consists of three to five cusps. The corolla is 15-24 cm long and consists of large, rounded, 8-15 cm wide lobes. The flower is creamy white to light yellow at the start of flowering and changes color to ocher to orange during flowering. Violet or brown bands run deep into the flower tube across the center of the corolla. Five stamens protrude from the flower tube. The flowers open in the evening, exuding a pungent scent. This attracts bats as pollinators. The fruits are round, up to 7 cm large berries on which the sepals are preserved.

title: Solandra maxima


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Tupolev Tu-126

The Tupolev Tu-126 (NATO reporting name: Moss) was an airborne early warning and control aircraft developed from the Tupolev Tu-114 airliner by the Tupolev design bureau. It was in service with the armed forces of the Soviet Union from 1965 to 1984.

Design and development
In 1958 increasing concern over the threat of an American nuclear strike against the USSR from the north led to a new requirement for an airborne radar system, which would avoid the problems and expense of attempting to create a land-based radar system to cover all of the enormous Soviet northern coast. The Tupolev Design Bureau was ordered to design an AEW&C aircraft. After trying to fit the projected radar instrumentation in a Tu-95 and a Tu-116, a decision was made to use the Tupolev Tu-114 with its wider fuselage instead. This solved problems with cooling and operator space that existed with the narrower Tu-95 and Tu-116 designs. To adhere to the flight range requirements, the plane was fitted with an air-to-air refuelling probe. The Tu-126 had a crew of 12 and carried the Liana radar (NATO reporting name Flap Jack) in a rotodome mounted above the fuselage. It had no look-down capability, so the switch by NATO to low level penetration made it fairly irrelevant.

The first prototype Tu-126 flew on 23 January 1962. Testing, which continued through the autumn of 1964, showed that while the radar was effective over water, performance was poorer over land. It was also found that the large contra-rotating propellers of the four engines seriously compromised the performance of the radar. This problem was only marginally countered by the installation of a new radar called Shmel.

Operational history
The Tu-126 entered service in 1965, although it was only identified by Western intelligence in 1968 after appearing in a Soviet documentary film. Eight production aircraft were built in addition to the prototype from between 1965 and 1968 and all were nominally based at Šiauliai Air Base. Western intelligence estimated that its radar performance was inferior to Western equivalents, that it was unable to detect cruise missiles or small aircraft at low level. However, it was assessed that the Tu-126 had powerful jamming equipment. The Tu-126 was used by the Soviet Air Force, until being replaced by the Beriev A-50. The last Tu-126 was retired in 1984.

Operators

 * Soviet Air Forces
 * Soviet Air Defence Forces
 * Egyptian Air Force
 * Indian Air Force
 * Egyptian Air Force
 * Indian Air Force
 * Indian Air Force

title: Tupolev Tu-126


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Stephen Fleming

Stephen Paul Fleming (born 1 April 1973) is a cricket coach and former captain of New Zealand Cricket Team. He was a left-handed opening batter and an occasional right arm slow medium bowler. He is New Zealand's second-most capped Test cricketer with 111 appearances. He is also the team's longest-serving and most successful captain with 28 test victories and lead the team to win the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the team's first ICC trophy. Fleming captained New Zealand in the first ever Twenty20 International against Australia in 2005.

Fleming retired from international cricket on 26 March 2008. He played in the inaugural season of the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings and became the team's coach in 2009. He is the current head coach of Chennai Super Kings and has coached them to five IPL and two Champions League T20 titles. He also serves as the head coach of other Super Kings franchises, Joburg Super Kings in SA20 and Texas Super Kings in Major League Cricket. He served as the coach of Melbourne Stars in the Big Bash League from 2015 to 2019. Fleming was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to cricket, in the 2011 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Early and personal life
Fleming was born on 1 April 1973 in Christchurch to Pauline Fleming and Gary Kirk. Pauline raised him as a single mother, and he did not meet his father until he was 16. Fleming played rugby for Cashmere High like his father.

On 9 May 2007, Fleming married his long-term partner Kelly Payne in a ceremony in Wellington. The couple have a daughter, born in 2006, and a son, in 2008.

Domestic career
Fleming has played county cricket in England for Middlesex, Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire. He captained Nottinghamshire to County Championship victory in 2005, their first Championship title in 18 years.

International career
A left-handed batsman, Fleming made his test debut in March 1994 in the home series against India winning the Man of the Match award on debut after scoring 92. He made his ODI debut on 25 March 1994 in the first match of the ODI series that followed and scored an unbeaten 90. In England's tour of New Zealand in 1996–97, he scored his maiden test century in the first test at Auckland. In the third Test of the series, he took over the captaincy from Lee Germon becoming New Zealand's youngest captain at 23 years and 321 days. He led the New Zealand team to a bronze medal in the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

Fleming led the team to win the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy, which was New Zealand's first ICC trophy. Fleming became New Zealand's most successful test captain in September 2000 with a victory over Zimbabwe which was the 12th win under his captaincy overtaking Geoff Howarth and finished with 28 wins, the most by a New Zealand captain. Fleming's scored his best ODI score with an unbeaten 134 to help New Zealand beat hosts South Africa in the 2003 Cricket World Cup. Chasing a rain adjusted target of 229 off 39 overs, Fleming hit 134 off just 132 deliveries as New Zealand cruised to a 9-wicket victory. In February 2005, Fleming captained New Zealand in the first ever Twenty20 International against Australia. In the second Test between New Zealand and South Africa at Cape Town in April 2006, Fleming scored his 3rd Test double-century and became the first New Zealander to achieve this feat.

On 25 October 2006, Fleming captained his country for the 194th time in an ODI overtaking Arjuna Ranatunga for most matches as a captain and finished with 218 games as a captain, a record which has since been eclipsed only by Ricky Ponting. He captained the side in the 2007 World Cup and scored 353 runs at an average of 39.22, leading the team to the semi-finals. On 24 April 2007, Fleming resigned as captain in a post-match press conference held after the semi-Final defeat to Sri Lanka. In September 2007, Fleming was replaced by Daniel Vettori as the New Zealand captain. Fleming confirmed his retirement from the New Zealand team at the end of England's 2008 tour of New Zealand to spend more time with his family, and to play for the Indian Premier League. Fleming scored over 7000 runs in test cricket and took over 170 catches, the third highest Test aggregate for a non-wicket keeper.

IPL career
Fleming was acquired by Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for US$350,000 for the inaugural season of Indian Premier League. He played just one season and scored 196 runs in ten matches with CSK finishing as runners-up.

Coaching
Fleming was appointed as the head coach of Chennai Super Kings in 2009 when he retired as a player. Under his coaching, CSK won the 2010 season and qualified for Champions League Twenty20. Chennai won the 2010 Champions league. Fleming coached CSK to its second consecutive IPL title in 2011 and its second Champions League Twenty20 title in 2014.

Following the two-year suspension of Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals, two new franchises Rising Pune Supergiants and Gujarat Lions were established for the 2016 Indian Premier League season. Supergiants appointed Fleming as the head coach. Fleming returned to Chennai Super Kings for the 2018 season. Fleming coached CSK to its third IPL title in 2018. Fleming led CSK to the title again in 2021 and 2023 IPL. CSK became the most successful IPL franchise with five title wins and ten final appearances during his stint as head coach. He was appointed as the head coach of other Super Kings franchises, Joburg Super Kings of SA20 in 2022 and Texas Super Kings of Major League Cricket in 2023.

Business interests
Fleming has been involved in setting up CricHQ with the company's CEO Simon Baker and former New Zealand cricket captain Brendon McCullum. Fleming is one of the investors and a director in the company. In June 2015, the company raised US$10m from Singapore private equity firm Tembusu Partners.

Playing style
Fleming was an elegant left handed batter and played shots such as the flick off the pads, straight drive, cover drive and cut shots. He was also a prolific slip catcher and was particularly noted for his captaincy, having been praised by Shane Warne as the "best captain in world cricket".

Centuries
Fleming, a left-handed batsman, has made 17 centuries in international cricket nine in Test matches and eight in One Day Internationals  and sits ninety-sixth in the list of century-makers in international cricket.

 * Test

 * ODI

Captaincy
Fleming had captained New Zealand in 303 matches including 80 Test matches, 218 ODIs and 5 T20Is, a New Zealand record and the third highest ever.

Records and achievements

 * Tests
 * Most wins by a New Zealand captain (28)
 * Second most number of matches as captain (80)
 * Third most runs for New Zealand (7172)
 * Third most matches for New Zealand (111)
 * Most fifties for New Zealand (46)

 * ODIs
 * Most wins by a New Zealand captain (98)
 * Second most number of matches as captain (218)
 * Third most runs as captain (6295)
 * Most matches for New Zealand (279)
 * Second most runs for New Zealand (8007)
 * Second most fifties for New Zealand (49)

 * Combined
 * Third most international matches as captain (303)
 * First non-wicket keeper to take 300 catches in international matches

Honors
Fleming was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to cricket, in the 2011 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Player

 * New Zealand
 * ICC Champions Trophy: 2000
 * Commonwealth Games: 1998 (Bronze)

 * Nottinghamshire
 * County Championship: 2005

Coach

 * Chennai Super Kings
 * Indian Premier League: 2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023
 * Champions League: 2010, 2014

Controversies
In 1995, Fleming was caught and admitted to smoking marijuana with teammates Matthew Hart and Dion Nash while on tour at their hotel.

title: Stephen Fleming


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Talk:Lagardere Active

Made a redirect in response to listing on cleanup. It's more than a year since either this Lagardere Media were updated. I've merged

Subdivisions:

 * Lagardere Active Pub (Advertising)

into the parent article. Andrewa 08:36, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lagardere Active


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Miagao

Miagao (also written Miag-ao), officially the Municipality of Miagao (Banwa kang Miagao; Banwa sang Miagao; Bayan ng Miagao), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 68,115 people.

Miagao is considered as the "Onion Capital of the Visayas". The town center of the municipality lies on the western bank of the Tumagbok River, the largest river in the municipality. The poblacion is made up of eight barangays.

The town holds their patronal fiesta in honor of St. Thomas of Villanova (more commonly known as Santo Tomas de Villanueva) every September 22 that lasts several days. The town is also the location of one of the Baroque Churches of the Philippines, the Miagao Church, which was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The entire town of Miagao was later inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage City and became a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC).

Etymology
The name of Miagao has many disputed etymologies. One of the most popular, and probably the most widely accepted version is that the name of the town was derived from a plant named Miagos. Miagos or Osmoxylon lineare is a flowering plant from the family Araliaceae that used to grow abundantly in the area when the Spaniards came. Because of its abundance in the area, the Spaniards named the place Miagos which later became Miagao. Another version, according to Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Torres of Igbaras, is that a native named "Miyagaw" was asked by the Spaniards for the name of the place but gave his name instead.

History

A settlement in Damilisan were recorded by Spanish Map early in 1700 with 13,493 people and 2,974 houses. Miagao gained its independence as a municipality in 1716. Prior to that, it used to be a part of an arrabal of four different towns in southern Iloilo. Until 1580, Miagao was an arrabal of Oton. From 1580 until 1652, it was an arrabal of Tigbauan. It was an arrabal of Suaraga (now San Joaquin) from 1652 to 1703 and before becoming independent, it became an arrabal of Guimbal from 1703 to 1716. In 1731, Miagao had its first capitan and teniente mayor (now equivalent to mayor and vice mayor) after an election was held in Guimbal under the supervision of Victorino C. Ma., an authorized representative of the governor.

Topography
Miagao is a coastal town with a hilly to mountainous terrain. Most of the flat areas in the municipality are found either in coasts or along the town's major rivers which include the Naulid, Tumagbok, Oyaoy, Bacauan, Tabunacan, Oyungan, Lanutan, and San Rafael rivers. A mountain range forms a natural boundary between Miagao and the province of Antique to the north.

The highest point in the municipality is the summit of Mount Tulajon, locally spelled as Tulahong, at 1,100 meters asl located in Barangay Ongyod.

Climate
The municipality has a type I climate based on PAGASA's climate classification chart. The climate of Miagao is greatly affected by north-east and south-west monsoons. The town experiences a pronounced wet season from May to October and a dry season from November to April. The coolest months are the months of December to February while the hottest months are the months of April and May.

Barangays

Miagao is politically subdivided into 119 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

It has more barangays than any other municipality in the Philippines. The municipality has 22 coastal barangays and 97 landlocked barangays.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Miagao was 68,115 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

Almost all people in Miagao speak Kinaray-a as it is the primary language of the municipality. Hiligaynon is spoken as a second language by many and is especially useful when going to Iloilo City where Hiligaynon is the dominant language.

Healthcare

The municipality's healthcare services is under the management of the Miagao Municipal Health Office (MHO), headed by its Municipal Health Officer, Rural Health Physicians, Nurses, Midwives, and other allied health workers and staff. The MHO is directly under the administration of the Local Government Unit.

The Municipal Health Office ensures that the delivery of basic services and provisions of adequate facilities relative to health services provided under Section 17 of the Universal Healthcare Law of the Philippines (Population-based Health Services) are effectively implemented.

The main components of the Municipal Health Office include the following:
 * MHO Office including the headquarters of its different health programs
 * First-aid Clinic
 * Out-patient Clinic
 * Birthing Clinic
 * Animal Bite Treatment Center
 * DOTS Center and COVID-19 Swabbing Center
 * The 19 Barangay Health Stations (BHS) spread across the municipality
 * The Main Health Center (MHC) caters to three BHS, namely: MHC-A, MHC-B, and MHC-C

There are also other private medical, dental and veterinary clinics, laboratories, and pharmacies located primarily in the poblacion area.

Agriculture

The municipality of Miagao is a largely agricultural town. Around 52% of the municipal land area is classified as agricultural and around 40% of the total land area is planted. Rice is the primary crop of the town while corn is considered as a secondary crop.

Miagao is hailed as the "Onion Capital of the Visayas" because it is the largest producer of bulb onion not only in Western Visayas but in the whole Visayas and Mindanao. In 2022, 92% of the region's onion production was produced by the municipality of Miagao which targets to further increase production by expanding the plantation area.

Other crops produced by the municipality include eggplants, peanuts, monggo, tomatoes, root crops, and bamboo.

Banks
Miagao is a financial center in southern Iloilo. The town has a total of five banks.

The instance of these ATMs being offline is quite high due to poor maintenance, overuse (due to proximity from UP Visayas, 4Ps beneficiaries and people here withdrawing huge sums of money), and faulty Internet and power connections. Avoid withdrawing near and after the 15th and 30th days of the month because people will drain the machines with cash because it is payday, also avoid the Land Bank ATM during the 2nd-3rd week of the month because of 4Ps beneficiaries claiming their monthly government dole out. If it is a real necessity to use ATMs at these times, prepare for queues that may last for hours, people holding "reservations" in their spot, people cutting in line, and the tinge of disappointment when the machine suddenly switches offline after the business day either because it ran out of cash or overused.

Public Transport
Miagao is strategically located along the Iloilo-Antique road. Because of this, transportation is not a big problem in the municipality. The town proper is 40 km from Iloilo City and 57 km from San Jose de Buenavista, the capital of Antique.

Buses
Several bus companies operate in Miagao. Buses that ply the Iloilo-Antique, Iloilo-Caticlan via San Jose, and Iloilo-Manila routes pass by the municipality every day. Ceres Liner by Vallacar Transit passes by Miagao almost every 30 minutes on its way to Iloilo from Antique and vice versa.

Manila bound buses also pass by Miagao. Dimple Star Transport, Gasat/Valisno Transport, and Ceres Liner pass by Miagao every morning on their way to Manila. In addition, RM Liner also heads to Manila everyday but passes by Miagao early in the evening.

Jeepneys
Jeepneys serve the Miagao-Iloilo City route more frequently than buses. The typical jeepney can contain around 22 to as many as 34 or more passengers. The town is mainly served by Miagao-Iloilo City bound jeepneys but San Joaquin-Iloilo City bound jeepneys also serve the area. These jeepneys generally pass by every 10–20 minutes so catching a jeepney bound for Iloilo City is not a problem. Several mountain barangays of Miagao are also served by jeepneys because smaller modes of transportation aren't usually strong enough to climb steep and unpaved roads. In that case, habal-habal or plain motocycles can also be used.

Jeepneys serving the hinterlands of the municipality include regular routes from the poblacion area to the following barangays:
 * Miagao - Tiglawa/Banga via Banbanan/Cavite
 * Miagao - San Jose via Banbanan
 * Miagao - Tigmarabo via Banbanan/Oya-oy
 * Miagao - Tig-amaga/Pudpud via Ticdalan
 * Miagao - Tigmalapad/Igbita
 * Miagao - Bacolod (barangay)
 * Miagao - Dalije via Bacolod
 * Miagao - Alimodias via Olango/Bacolod (rainy season) or via Pudpud (dry season)
 * Miagao - Tigbagacay/Naclub
 * Miagao - Maricolcol/Baraclayan

Tricycles
Tricycles are the most common form transportation in the municipality. These are the Philippines' version of tuk-tuk in other Asian countries. Tricycles are often limited to operate within the municipality but special and private trips to other places are allowed. Miagao has established several tricycle routes in the municipality. Tricycles are color-coded to indicate the route assigned to them. Yellow ones are northbound while blue ones are southbound. Green tricycles are bound to the mountain barangays of the town passing through barangay Mat-y. Tricycles assigned to operate within the town proper are colored red. The following table shows the routes of all tricycles-for-hire within the municipality of Miagao.

Government
As with other municipal/city level political administration in the country, Miagao is governed by popularly elected Mayor, Vice Mayor, and eight Sangguniang Bayan (SB) Members. The current government officials of the municipality are listed below.

Elected officials
Members of the municipal council (2022-2028):
 * Mayor: ENGR. Oscar "Richard" S. Garin Jr.
 * Vice Mayor: Macario Napulan, M.D.
 * SB Members:
 * Hon. Japhet Grace N. Moleta, RN, MPG
 * Hon. Jun Carlu A. Napulan, MD.
 * Hon. Gemma Rei S. Nismal
 * Hon. Aaron M. Noble
 * Hon. Cezar N. Florece
 * Hon. Mario Thomas Nicolas P. Torrecampo
 * Hon. Ma. Salve N. Pechayco, MD
 * Hon. Richard E. Esposo
 * Ex-Officio Member
 * Junjun Galvez (LNB President)

Miag-ao Church
The Miagao Church, or the Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva, was built in 1786 by Spanish Augustinian missionaries and was declared as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Baroque Churches of the Philippines" in 1993. On the front facade, which is flanked by two watchtower belfries, one can see the unique blending of Spanish and native influences.

The central feature of the bas-relief facade is a large coconut tree which reaches almost to the apex. While an integral part of the Philippine landscape, the coconut tree is also the subject of lore. According to an old Philippine legend, the coconut tree was the only bequest from a loving mother to her two children, a tree which sustained them for life. On the church's facade the coconut tree appears as the "tree of life" to which St. Christopher carrying the Child Jesus on his shoulder is clinging to. The lesser facades feature the daily life of Miagaowanons during the time. Also depicted are other native flora and fauna, as well as native dress.

The church and its watchtowers were also built to defend the town and its people against raids by the Moro people. It therefore has thick walls and, reportedly, secret passages. Indeed, stretching along the Iloilo coast are defensive towers, but none that equal the size of the Miagao. It is because of this defensive purpose that it is sometimes referred to as the Miag-ao Fortress Church.

Education
The primary and secondary education in the municipality of Miagao is under the jurisdiction of the Division of Iloilo under the Department of Education Region 6. Miagao is subdivided into two school districts namely, Miagao East and Miagao West. The schools under each district as well as private, secondary, and tertiary schools in the municipality are listed below.

Elementary education
Miagao East elementary schools: • Aguiauan ES

• Bacauan-Mambatad ES

• Guibongan-Igtuba ES

• Indag-an-Tanagan ES

• Kirayan ES

• La Consolacion ES

• Malagyan ES

• Miagao (East) Central ES

• Miranda ES

• Monteclaro ES

• Pungtod-Caitib ES

• San Jose ES

• Ticdalan ES

• Tigmarabo ES

• Valencia ES Miagao West elementary schools: • Alimodias ES

• Bacolod ES

• Cadoldolan ES

• Dalije ES

• Diday ES

• Igbita-Tigmalapad ES

• Igdulaca ES

• Igpajo ES

• Ilog-ilog ES

• Jesus Nievales Memorial ES

• Miagao West Central ES

• Naclub ES

• Olango ES

• Oyungan ES

• San Fernando ES

• San Rafael ES

Private primary schools:
 * Kaunlaran Learning Center (KLC)
 * Acorn Dale Montessori

Secondary education
Secondary schools:
 * Alejandro Firmeza Memorial NHS
 * Bacolod NHS
 * Kirayan NHS
 * Miagao NHS
 * Palaca-Damilisan NHS
 * San Jose NHS
 * San Rafael NHS
 * Supt. Arsenio M. Napud Memorial NHS

Private secondary schools:
 * Doanne Christian Fellowship Academy
 * Kaunlaran Integrated School Foundation INC
 * St. Louise de Marillac School of Miagao

Colleges and Universities

 * University of the Philippines Visayas

The Miagao campus of the University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV) spreads out over 12 km2 on the outskirts of the town proper. This is the main campus of UPV which is composed of the UPV Tacloban College (UPVTC) in Tacloban City, UPV College of Management (CM) in Iloilo City, UPV High School in Iloilo (UPVHSI) in Iloilo City, UPV College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), UPV School of Technology (SoTech), and the flagship college of this campus, the UPV College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (CFOS) which focuses on marine science, aquaculture, fish processing, natural products development, and post-harvest/food science. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Thailand and Cambodia sent exchange students to the school to study fish and rice production, and after graduating returned home where they began out-producing and out-exporting the Philippines in these commodities.

 * Iloilo Science and Technology University - Miagao Campus

The Iloilo Science and Technology University - Miagao Campus (formerly Southern Iloilo Polytechnic College) is one of the tertiary institutions in the municipality. The college started as Miagao Regional High School in 1945 and became the Miagao Vocational School in 1958. In 1984, Miagao Vocational School was converted to Southern Iloilo Polytechnic College (SIPC) to meet the demands of the changing times and for expansion purposes. SIPC was then integrated to Western Visayas College of Science and Technology (now Iloilo Science and Technology University) on November 24, 2000, by virtue of the Republic Act(RA) No. 7722, otherwise known as the “Higher Education Act of 1994 and RA No. 8292". Currently, the school offers courses in the fields of electronics and technology, hospitality, and primary and secondary education.

Media

 * DYUP-FM 102.7
 * DYUP-AM 873
 * Hot-FM Miag-ao
 * Falconite – FM/AM Miagao

title: Miagao


text:
Assembly of the Poor

The Assembly of the Poor (สมัชชาคนจน) (AOP) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Thailand. Its aim is to help those affected by development projects and industries to become involved in the process of development, so that they benefit from those projects.

The Assembly of the Poor is intended to be a political voice for villagers and marginalized members of society. As an organization, it is allied with other NGOs in Thailand. When the Assembly of the Poor first began, it was accused of dismantling Thailand's unity and the democratic principles of Thai ideologies. The non-governmental organization is an amalgamation of seven districts representing every region of Thailand. It is composed of urban and rural small-scale agriculturists and manual labourers. Due to its variety of members, the Assembly is able to transcend regional and class divisions.

Background
In the 1950s, Thailand underwent a plan of development, supported by the World Bank, intended to help the country industrialize. Subsequent foreign investment in the company's economy assisted it towards meeting its goals, but while it would by the 1990s be considered a leader among developing nations along with other Southeast Asian countries, development was uneven through the country, with unequal distribution of wealth and technology. The agricultural community, which had sacrificed natural resources and contributed significant capital to the development of infrastructure saw few gains for themselves.

Formation
The Assembly of the Poor grew out of this unrest, beginning with villagers angry about the local impact of the Pak Mun Dam. One of the co-founders of the group, Vanida Tantiwittayapitak had become involved in Pak Mun after her relocation to the country following the Thammasat University massacre. While it started as a rural assembly, city workers were also welcomed.

The grassroots organization became official on international Human Rights Day, 10 December 1995, becoming the first rural political voice after the 1975 suppression of the Peasants' Federation. This took place on the opening day of their first conference, "Assembly of the Poor: The consequences of Large-Scale Development Projects", held at Thammasat University and intended to coincide with the ASEAN Summit scheduled in Bangkok on 14–15 December.

Conference attendees spent several days developing the "Mun River Declaration", which both announced their existence and criticized the prioritization of industrial development at the expense of local communities. It also fired a warning shot across the bow of government, forming a petition detailing their grievances to the government, punctuated by a march through Bangkok of hundreds of AOP members and sympathizers.

Goals
The Assembly of the Poor's first strategy connected the issues suffered by local communities to national policy. Their second was to create a sense of shared identity among those who identified themselves as suffering from developmental policies or being excluded from developmental benefits. AOP demands compensation for those injured by developmental strategies and access to resources by their own communities, but does not limit its political activities to self-interest.

Challenges
According to the Bangkok Post the recent issues in Thailand have a lot to do with the political actors trying to undermine the AOP. The lack of unity among the poor poses a major obstacle in the battle for a more democratic society. In the 21st century, political divisions in Thailand have weakened the movement. In order for the NGO to continue in a positive direction the Bangkok Post stated they must focus on:
 * 1) Natural resources
 * 2) Protection of local people's rights to manage those resources
 * 3) The movement of certain issues to the forefront of their political voice.
 * 4) Community rights
 * 5) An aggressive tax rate on land holdings
 * 6) Establishment of a land development fund
 * 7) Fair land distribution

title: Assembly of the Poor


text:
The Seven Dials Mystery

The Seven Dials Mystery is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by William Collins & Sons on 24 January 1929 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year.

In this novel, Christie brings back the characters from an earlier novel, The Secret of Chimneys: Lady Eileen (Bundle) Brent, Lord Caterham, Bill Eversleigh, George Lomax, Tredwell, and Superintendent Battle.

The novel received mostly unfavourable reviews. One reviewer noted a change in style ("Less good in point of style") but felt the novel "maintains the author's reputation of ingenuity." Another was quite disappointed in the change in style from some of her earlier novels, saying that she had "deserted the methodical procedure of inquiry into a single and circumscribed crime for the romance of universal conspiracy and international rogues." Another felt that the story started out well, but then earned sharp criticism for the author as "she has carefully avoided leaving any clues pointing to the real criminal. Worst of all, the solution itself is utterly preposterous." In 1990, this novel was considered to have the same characters and house parties as The Secret of Chimneys "but without the same verve and cheek."

Plot summary
Sir Oswald and Lady Coote host a party at the stately home Chimneys, which they have rented for the season. The guest list includes Gerry Wade, Jimmy Thesiger, Ronny Devereux, Bill Eversleigh, and Rupert "Pongo" Bateman. Since Wade has a bad habit of oversleeping, the others play a joke on him by placing eight alarm clocks in his room and timing them to go off at intervals. The next morning, a footman finds Wade dead in his bed, with chloral on his nightstand. Thesiger notices that one of the eight alarm clocks is missing. It is later found in a hedge.

Lord Caterham and his daughter Lady Eileen “Bundle” Brent move back into Chimneys. When Bundle drives to London to see Eversleigh, Ronny Devereux jumps out in front of her car. Before he dies, Devereux mutters "Seven Dials..." and "Tell...Jimmy Thesiger." Bundle gets his body to a doctor, who tells her that her car did not hit Devereux; he was shot.

Seven Dials turns out to be a seedy nightclub and gambling den. Bundle recognizes the doorman as Alfred, a footman from Chimneys. Alfred tells her that he left Chimneys for far higher wages offered by Mosgorovsky, owner of the club. Alfred takes Bundle into a secret room, where she hides in a cupboard and witnesses a meeting of seven people wearing hoods with clock faces. They talk of the always-missing "Number Seven", and about an upcoming party at Wyvern Abbey, where a scientist called Eberhard will offer a secret formula for sale to the British Air Minister.

At the party, the formula is stolen and Jimmy Thesiger is shot in his right arm. Thesiger tells how he fought a man who climbed down the ivy. The next morning, Battle finds a charred left-handed glove with teeth marks in the fireplace. He theorizes that the thief threw the gun onto the lawn from the terrace and then climbed back into the house via the ivy. Bundle’s father reports that Bauer, the footman who replaced Alfred, is missing.

Ronny Devereux's executors have sent Eversleigh a letter written by Devereux. Thesiger rings up Bundle and Gerry Wade's sister Loraine and tells them to meet him and Eversleigh at the Seven Dials club. Bundle shows Thesiger the room where the Seven Dials meet. Loraine finds Eversleigh unconscious in the car and they take him into the club.

Someone knocks Bundle unconscious and she comes round in Eversleigh's arms. Mr Mosgorovsky takes them into the meeting of the Seven Dials, where Number Seven is revealed as Superintendent Battle. He reveals that they are a group of people doing secret service work for the government. Battle tells Bundle that the association has succeeded with their main target, an international criminal whose stock in trade is the theft of secret formulae: Jimmy Thesiger was arrested that afternoon with his accomplice, Loraine Wade. Battle explains that Thesiger killed Wade and Devereux when they got onto his track. Devereux took the eighth clock from Wade's room to see if anyone reacted to there being "seven dials". At Wyvern Abbey, Thesiger stole the formula, passed it to Loraine, then shot himself in his right arm and disposed of his left-hand glove using his teeth. Eversleigh feigned unconsciousness in the car outside the Seven Dials club. Thesiger never went for a doctor, but hid in the club, and knocked Bundle unconscious. Bundle takes Wade's place in the Seven Dials and marries Bill Eversleigh.

Characters

 * Sir Oswald Coote: self-made millionaire.
 * Maria, Lady Coote: his wife.
 * Tredwell: the butler at Chimneys.
 * MacDonald: head gardener at Chimneys.
 * Rupert Bateman: Sir Oswald’s secretary. Was at school with Jimmy Thesiger, and called Pongo.
 * Helen, Nancy and Vera “Socks” Daventry: Guests of the Cootes’ house party at Chimneys,
 * Bill Eversleigh: guest at the house party, works at the Foreign Office for George Lomax.
 * Ronny Devereux: guest at the house party, later murdered.
 * Gerald Wade: guest at the house party, later murdered.
 * Loraine Wade: his step-sister.
 * Jimmy Thesiger: guest at the house party and later at Wyvern Abbey, and man about town; a murderer and thief.
 * Stevens: Jimmy’s manservant.
 * Clement Edward Alistair Brent, 9th Marquis of Caterham: Father of Bundle, owner of Chimneys.
 * Lady Eileen "Bundle" Brent: his daughter and a sometime amateur detective.
 * Superintendent Battle: from Scotland Yard.
 * Alfred: former footman at Chimneys, now working at Seven Dials night club.
 * John Bauer: His replacement at Chimneys.
 * George Lomax: Under-secretary for State for Foreign Affairs, host at Wyvern Abbey.
 * Sir Stanley Digby: Air Minister for the British government, guest at Wyvern Abbey.
 * Terence O’Rourke: guest at the party at Wyvern Abbey.
 * Countess Radzky: guest at Wyvern Abbey, revealed later as the New York actress Babe St Maur.
 * Herr Eberhard: German inventor.
 * Mr Mosgorovsky: owner of the Seven Dials night club, and a member of the group.
 * Count Andras and Hayward Phelps: members of the Seven Dials group.

Literary significance and reception
The review in the Times Literary Supplement issue of 4 April 1929 was for once markedly unenthusiastic about a Christie Book: "It is a great pity that Mrs Christie should in this, as in a previous book, have deserted the methodical procedure of inquiry into a single and circumscribed crime for the romance of universal conspiracy and international rogues. These Gothic romances are not to be despised but they are so different in kind from the story of strict detection that it is unlikely for anyone to be adept in both. Mrs Christie lacks the haphazard and credulous romanticism which makes the larger canvas of more extensive crime successful. In such a performance bravura rather than precision is essential. The mystery of Seven Dials and of the secret society which met in that sinister district requires precisely such a broad treatment, but Mrs Christie gives to it that minute study which she employed so skilfully in her earlier books." The review concluded, "There is no particular reason why the masked man should be the particular person he turns out to be".

The review in The New York Times Book Review of 7 April 1929 began "After reading the opening chapters of this book one anticipates an unusually entertaining yarn. There are some very jolly young people in it, and the fact that they become involved in a murder mystery does not dampen their spirits to any great extent." The uncredited reviewer set up the plot regarding Gerald Wade being found dead and then said, "Thus far the story is excellent; indeed it continues to promise well until the time comes when the mystery is to be solved. Then it is seen that the author has been so keen on preventing the reader from guessing the solution that she has rather overstepped the bounds of what should be permitted to a writer of detective stories. She has held out information which the reader should have had, and, not content with scattering false clues with a lavish hand, she has carefully avoided leaving any clues pointing to the real criminal. Worst of all, the solution itself is utterly preposterous. This book is far below the standard set by Agatha Christie's earlier stories."

The Scotsman of 28 January 1929 said, "Less good in point of style than some of her earlier novels, The Seven Dials Mystery…maintains the author's reputation of ingenuity." The review went on to say that, "It is an unusual feature of this story that at the end, the reader will want to go back over the story to see if he has had a square deal from the author. On the whole he has."

Robert Barnard noted that this novel had the "Same characters and setting with Chimneys" and then concluded his view of it by adding "but without the same verve and cheek."

Publication history
The first UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.

 * 1929, William Collins and Sons (London), 24 January 1929, Hardback, 282 pp
 * 1929, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1929, Hardback, 310 pp
 * 1932, William Collins and Sons, February 1932 (As part of the Agatha Christie Omnibus of Crime along with The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, The Mystery of the Blue Train and The Sittaford Mystery), Hardback (Priced at seven shillings and sixpence)
 * 1948, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 687), 247 pp
 * 1954, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 189 pp
 * 1957, Avon Books (New York), Paperback
 * 1962, Pan Books, Paperback (Great Pan 571), 207 pp
 * 1964, Bantam Books (New York), Paperback, 184 pp
 * 2010, HarperCollins; Facsimile edition, Hardcover: 288 pages, ISBN 978-0-00-735458-0

In her autobiography, Christie states that this book was what she called “the light-hearted thriller type”. She went on to say that they were always easy to write as they didn’t require too much plotting or planning, presumably in contrast to the very-tightly planned detective stories. She called this era her “plutocratic” period in that she was starting to receive sums for American serialisation rights which both exceeded what she earned in the UK for such rights and was, at this time, free of income tax. She compared this period favourably with the time at which she wrote these comments (1950s to 1960s) when she was plagued with income tax problems which lasted for some twenty years and ate up most of what people presumed was a large fortune.

Dustjacket blurb
The blurb of the first edition (which is carried on both the back of the dustjacket and opposite the title page) reads: "When Gerald Wade died, apparently from an overdose of sleeping draught, seven clocks appeared on the mantelpiece. Who put them there and had they any connection with the Night Club in Seven Dials? That is the mystery that Bill Eversleigh and Bundle and two other young people set out to investigate. Their investigations lead them into some queer places and more than once into considerable danger. Not till the very end of the book is the identity of the mysterious Seven o’clock revealed."

1981
Following the success of their version of Why Didn't They Ask Evans in 1980, The Seven Dials Mystery was adapted by London Weekend Television as a 140-minute television film and transmitted on Sunday 8 March 1981. The same team of Pat Sandys, Tony Wharmby and Jack Williams worked on the production which again starred John Gielgud and James Warwick. Cheryl Campbell also starred as "Bundle" Brent. The production was extremely faithful to the book with no major deviations to the plot or characters.

This second success of adapting an Agatha Christie book led to the same company commissioning The Secret Adversary and Agatha Christie's Partners in Crime for their 1983 transmission.

The production was first screened on US television as part of Mobil Showcase in April 1981.

 * Adaptor: Pat Sandys
 * Executive Producer: Tony Wharmby
 * Producer: Jack Williams
 * Director: Tony Wharmby

 * Cast
 * John Gielgud as Marquess of Caterham The Manor, Long Crendon - geograph.org.uk - 165967.jpg Manor in Buckinghamshire doubled as Chimneys ]]
 * Harry Andrews as Superintendent Battle
 * Cheryl Campbell as Lady Eileen 'Bundle' Brent
 * James Warwick as Jimmy Thesiger
 * Terence Alexander as George Lomax
 * Christopher Scoular as Bill Eversleigh
 * Lucy Gutteridge as Lorraine Wade
 * Leslie Sands as Sir Oswald Coote
 * Joyce Redman as Lady Coote
 * Brian Wilde as Tredwell
 * Rula Lenska as Countess Radzsky
 * Noel Johnson as Sir Stanley Digby
 * Robert Longden as Gerry Wade
 * John Vine as Ronny Devereux Glynde Place2.jpg in East Sussex doubled as Wyvern Abbey ]]
 * James Griffiths as Rupert 'Pongo' Bateman
 * Hetty Baynes as Vera
 * Sarah Crowden as Helen
 * Lynne Ross as Nancy
 * Thom Delaney as Terence O'Rourke
 * Norwich Duff as Howard Phelps
 * Sandor Elès as Count Andras
 * Douglas W. Iles as John Bauer
 * Charles Morgan as Dr. Cartwright
 * John Price as Alfred
 * Roger Sloman as Stevens
 * Jacob Witkin as Mr. Mosgorovsky

Netflix
Chris Chibnall will adapt the novel for Netflix with Chris Sweeney as director and Suzanne Mackie as executive producer.

The series will star Mia McKenna-Bruce, Helena Bonham-Carter and Martin Freeman.

title: The Seven Dials Mystery


text:
Talk:Sportpalast speech

Untitled
I've simply copied the alleged context from the edit summary. I don't know whether it's accurate, and I don't think the article as it stands should be kept. But I hope this edit might help the possible deletion process. Andrewa 08:52, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The Speech text is now at WIkiSource. I would do an inter-Wiki link, but in truth I do not know how to. Paul, in Saudi 16:43, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Transcription/translation
I think the web sites including the text of this important speech seem to be mis-transcribed — so I suspect a mis-transcription in the German version that's crept into the English transcription.

There is an good quality audio/video excerpt of Goebbels' speech at the German Bundestag (parliament) site:
 * http://www.bundestag.de/bau_kunst/ausst/wege/katalog/5_1.html

I am not a fluent German speaker, but the part of the speech that's transcribed as

 * Glaubt ihr mit dem Führer und mit uns an den endgültigen Sieg des deutschen Volkes?

 * [Do you believe with the Führer and with us in the final victory of the German people?]

I, however, hear the words

 * Glaubt ihr mit dem Führer und mit uns an den endgültigen Sieg des deutschen Waffen?

 * [Do you believe with the Führer and with us in the final victory of German weapons?]

See the following, which all give the former transcription (which I think is in error):
 * http://www.wk-2.de/totaler_krieg_sportpalastrede.html
 * http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/dokumente/sportpalastrede/
 * Sportpalastrede page on the German Wikipedia

The following looks to be the most complete English translation available (most transcriptions in both German and English seem to be excerpts). This version is consistent with the original German given in the other sites but, as with the others, does not match what I hear in the audio clip.
 * http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goeb36.htm

(This is an excellent site about German propaganda, by the way.)

Does anyone know any source of the entire speech in audio or video form?
 * JonRoma 04:43, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi JonRoma: You're right, it's correct, the "German weapons" are clearly audible, not people. I detected, however, another mistake in the translation. The very last sentence Goebbels said was "Nun Volk steh auf und Sturm brich los!". That was translated as "Now, nation stand up and LET THE storm break lose". That's wrong. With "...und Sturm brich los!", Goebbels directly addressed the "storm" he hoped for as if he tried to conjure it personally. The correct translation of that last sentence is "Now [German] People, stand up and storm, break lose!" (It's not in this video from your link unfortunately). Btw, I'd like to have the entire sound file too. It would be very interesting. However, it's not availlable probably because of the potential danger of that very strong speech. I'm German myself and I hope to find out more about this speech. I'll be glad to be able to tell you more about it. ;) --Krawunsel 21:07, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello Krawunsel, and thank you for your comments about the mistranslation, as well as your additions about Nun Volk steh auf und Sturm brich los! I have always wondered about that phrase, knowing that my skills with the German language are weak and that the meaning of a phrase isn't always conveyed well by a word-for-word translation. I wonder if an English translation that carries the sense of these words would be "Now rise up and break loose the storm!" (We might even say "Now rise up and make all hell break loose!")
 * I agree with your comments about Goebbels' intending to conjure up the storm through his words. No doubt he wanted the audience to rise up right then and there! Though I despise Nazism and all that it stood for, I would like to see and hear more of this speech and some of Hitler's principal speeches, so I can better understand the power of Hitler's oratory and Goebbels' propaganda; I've read translations of some of the principal speeches in Shirer's books and elsewhere, but I'd like to see and hear their power first-hand. I think it would better help us understand how horrors can arise in civilized lands.
 * I suspect a great deal of the recordings survive but that they are not readily available in their entirety because of denazification laws in your country, and in my country (the USA) because most here wouldn't benefit from hearing speeches in a language other than our own. Still, I would like to learn from history. — JonRoma 05:54, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The phrase "Now rise up and break loose the storm!" had important nationalistic historical meaning for Germany. We could digress on this. Andries 18:25, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Well, I added some small but valuable information concerning the audience on the Sportpalast during the speech, found in a credible site about German propaganda. It shows again how Goebbels skills were fundamental for the Nazist to seize and maintain their power over Germany. It's the bit about a carefully selected audience that reacted in a fanatic way so the impact of the speech was even higher. -- Marcos2006 00:56, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that the printed and the spoken versions are different. The printed versions of the text have "Volk," but Goebbels did, in fact, say "Waffen." I secured the full audio version I used from the German Radio Archive in Wiesbaden. Bytwerk 13:42, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Copyright status
Does anyone know the copyright status of the Sportpalast speech? This may sound like a strange question, but in the case of Mein Kampf, the state of Bavaria seized the copyright and used it to restrict republication. So I wondered who's the copyright owner of Goebbels' most (in-)famous speech - some nation who seized the copyright, some of Goebbels' heirs, or is it in the public domain? I hope that the latter holds, because this would permit translating more of it into English, but I'm not so sure. Aragorn2 15:15, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I previously tried to research this at some point and it does not appear anyone has an active claim on the copyright, but obviously there is no clear resolution of the matter either. Presumably either a distant relative of Goebbels or the German state, or both, could try to claim copyright, but neither appears to have done so. English translations have been published (including online) for many years with no complainant coming forth. Mein Kampf, incidentally, is also not actively copyright-protected in most countries in the world either, since Bavaria's claim is not generally recognized outside Germany. --Delirium 03:02, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * You could argue that this speech is a publication by a German authority, because Goebbels was the propaganda minister when he held it, and given the decoration etc. it was apparently an official event. (Unlike "Mein Kampf" which Hitler wrote well before he seized power.) Then the speech would be in the public domain, see commons:Template:PD-GermanGov. But I am unsure if this interpretation is valid. --史慧开 (talk) 16:43, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * According to german copyright law, the copyright ends 70 years after death of the Author. So you can copy it to Wikisource at 1 of May 2015 (ok-ok, 2-nd of May to be sure). Sheepdog85 (talk) 18:21, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

summary vs detail
I thought the summary had too much detail, so I shortened the summary section and put some of the detail in later sections. The comment that Goebbels moved his hands during the speech as body language is too vague to be meaningful so I removed it. Mavrinan2 (talk) 19:33, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Videos of this speech
These sites: [] and [] have this speech.The first video has a tranlation to English.Agre22 (talk) 00:59, 31 August 2008 (UTC)agre22

Reception of the speech?
Nowhere in the article was I able to find the true reaction of the german people. Were they pumped or did they just dismiss the message? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nicbou (talk • contribs) 20:43, 30 August 2009 (UTC)
 * oh dear, the reaction is awesome: today the speech is used in official german highschool program (in German Literature) as an example of manipulating people by the massmedia. excuse my english btw. Sheepdog85 (talk) 01:27, 5 May 2012 (UTC)
 * If you didn't show off that you endorsed the ideas expounded in the speech, at that time and place you might be in very serious trouble. But most historians also agree the speech was a technically brilliant propaganda coup in a dangerous situation. 83.254.151.33 (talk) 11:58, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I do not support the ideas of the speach, i welcome the use of the speach in german highschool. Sorry if it sounds a little bit unclearly, because of my poor english. Sheepdog85 (talk) 17:57, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

Massmedia
The main propaganda "coup" of the speech is not mentioned in the article. In all the years of hitler regime the propaganda ministry managed to bring the radiorecievers practicly in every house (look Volksempfänger). So one cant get rid of listening to the "beloved fuehrer" and other Partyboses. As the overall military situation gets uglier with every moment, Goebbels starts the attempt to mobilize everyone left for the one last material battle with this speech. The speech was translated live in radio, and that was the point: bacause of the laud ovation of the audience, radio listeners should believe in mass support of the folks the goebbels adresses his speech to (doctors, engeneers, etc.). But in reality the audience sitting in Sportpalast is striktly limited only to members of Nazi-party, only invited members were allowd to come, only "ideologically proof" members were invited. So in radio it looked like Goebels is speaking to a Stadium full of ordinary peaple, but it was a simple lie. Please mention this somehow. P.S.: excuse my english. its not my favorite language. Sheepdog85 (talk) 01:59, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

Saul Friedländer & Goebbels's slip of the tongue
Saul Friedländer mentions in his Pulitzer Prize-awarded The Years of Extermination that Goebbels at one point makes a telling slip of the tongue:

 * Germany in any case has no intention of bowing to this threat, but means to counter it in time and if necessary with the most complete and radical extermi—[correcting himself]—elimination” [Ausrott—Ausschaltung].

I've been wanting to hear this part myself, but haven't found any audio that contains this part. The audio linked on the German page, for instance, completely cut out this paragraph (at about 21:30). Moreover, according to the full text at 1000dokumente.de (a site of the Bavarian State Library) Goebbels never says "Ausrott-Ausschaltung", but "Gegenmaßnahmen" (countermeasures):

 * Deutschland jedenfalls hat nicht die Absicht, sich dieser Bedrohung zu beugen, sondern vielmehr die, ihr rechtzeitig und wenn nötig mit den radikalsten Gegenmaßnahmen entgegenzutreten.

-- 188.194.109.192 (talk) 02:20, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

 * The transcript on 1000dokumente is apparently either only an edited version, in which certain spoken phrasings have been replaced, or the original text of the speech to which Goebbels did not 100% adhere. Either way, in this also cut recording (of dubious origin) the relevant part is retained; Goebbels's slip is obviously not as explicit as written by Friedländer, but clear nonetheless: "Ausr… schaltung". -- 131.188.6.21 (talk) 13:29, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

Reality
It had been a total war from the very beginning due to the Royal Navy's blockade which aimed to starve Germany's civilian population. (ManyMoonsoons (talk) 00:51, 11 September 2018 (UTC))

 * do you understand that this is not a forum where editors can discuss their opinions of WWII? Or even of the speech? It's pretty clear that even if you could find reliable sources backing your belief, it still wouldn't fit here unless you had reliable sources linking your belief to this speech. Doug Weller  talk 12:04, 11 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I am just saying the article should point out that it was already a total war before Goebbels made this speech. (ManyMoonsoons (talk) 12:42, 11 September 2018 (UTC))

 * Germany had whole continent upon which to draw food from. The fact that few countries wanted to supply a nation that had invaded numerous countries without provocation was not Britain's fault.

 * Germany was in no way dependent on her shipping for food, Britain OTOH was, and she had suffered 'total war' via the sinking of her merchant shipping since 1939 and was to continue to do so until May 1945.

 * BTW, the RN blockade didn't apply to neutral ships carrying food to Germany, which were stopped, inspected, and if not carrying war materials, allowed to proceed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.173.73 (talk) 11:38, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

Ausrottung
Hi, This is translated as extermination in Details and eradication in Quotes; perhaps one could be settled on, for consistency. Jontel (talk) 05:43, 18 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Both words "ausrottung" and "ausschaltung" start with a strong auss pronunciation. In this case it seems Goebbels says "aussr..chaltung" — Preceding unsigned comment added by Absu9o (talk • contribs) 03:58, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sportpalast speech


text:
Felix Schlag

Felix Oscar Schlag (September 4, 1891 – March 9, 1974) was a German born American sculptor who was the designer of the United States five cent coin in use from 1938 to 2004.

He was born to Karl and Teresa Schlag in Frankfurt, Germany where as a young man, he served in the German army of World War I. Schlag studied sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. He moved to the United States in 1929.

On April 21, 1938, Schlag's design for the Jefferson nickel was selected by Nellie Tayloe Ross, Director of the United States Mint. Schlag won $1,000 for his winning design of the coin; he had been an award-winning artist in Europe. His prize money was spent on his wife's funeral. In the 1930s, Felix won several sculptural commissions and art prizes including some New Deal commissions to produce work at several post offices, including ones in White Hall, Illinois and schools in Champaign, Illinois and Bloom Township.

Schlag accepted the offer of the American government to place his initials, FS, on the nickel beginning in 1966.

The designer relocated to Owosso, Michigan, where he died and is buried. He and his wife Anna, whom he married in 1920, had three children: Feliza (1920), Leo (1921), and Hilda (1929). A memorial was placed by the Michigan State Numismatic Society on September 14, 2008.

title: Felix Schlag


text:
Talk:Bernard Butler

Untitled
Interesting that there's no mention here of any of his subsequent ventures.

 * That comment was from March 2004 - what a difference three years makes. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 14:42, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

"Other probable influences?" How about Mick Ronson? Or is that just a coincidence? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.175.66.168 (talk) 10:57, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Roy Orbison died in 1988, so how did Butler produce/record anything with him? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.136.80.173 (talk) 10:39, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

prob worth mentioning that he produced some of The Libertine's earliest stuff —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.220.11.95 (talk) 23:17, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bernard Butler


text:
User talk:Keleyu

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia.

While we value any constructive contributions you may make, I must ask you to stop spamming articles with irrelevent links. Continuation of such behaviour will result in a block. Thanks for your consideration. -- Hadal 08:56, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Keleyu


text:
Talk:1938

Spam
I have deleted what looked like some strange spam here. BozMo(talk)

Year in topic
As per discussion at WikiProject_Years the year in topic paragraph is scheduled to be deleted as it largely duplicates the links in the top box, and is not consistent with other year. Any objections should be made on that page please --BozMo|talk 19:35, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Black Sunday
"Black Sunday" links to a movie about a blimp, and has nothing to do with Bondi Beach.

June 24
A 450 metric ton meteorite strikes the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania. - with 450 tons the earth would be completely destroyed. This can't be true -- 88.65.37.170 (talk) 14:32, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * It's not. According to this, it exploded twelve miles above the ground, and a few large pieces were found. I shall alter the entry accordingly, and thank you. --CalendarWatcher (talk) 15:49, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
 * yes, 12 miles above the ground it's might be possible - thank you for reaction and also thanky ou for the link, it is very helpfull :-) -- 88.65.38.63 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 18:42, 27 January 2009 (UTC).
 * The proposed destruction is nonsense. Even a 1 ton planetoid wouldn't destroy the earth, although it would cause widespread damage.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 22:00, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I didn't meant that the Planet brakes into pieces (sorry, my english is not very good, I'm german), I meant destroyings like it was 65 million years ago (for example), destroying of life, etc.; sorry btw. for the false sign, I forgot an "-"? -- 88.65.38.63 (talk) 23:15, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I thought the K-T planetoid was closer to 1 tons. Let me check... 10 km diameter (from Chicxulub crater), assume spherical, density = 2 ... $$\frac {4}{3}{\pi} r^3 d$$ ... 1 tons.  Hmmmm.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 23:50, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * interesting... -- 88.65.36.113 (talk) 08:56, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

October 17
This line gives a date of October 17 for the beginning of Jan Syrovy's government in Czechoslovakia, but the wiki article on Syrovy itself gives a date of September 23rd, the day after Hodza's government resigned. Surely the September 23rd date must be the correct one. I propose removing the October 17 item altogether unless perhaps someone can shed light on what caused the confusion (perhaps something else significant occured in Syrovy's gov't on October 17?). Jejdanecky (talk) 04:59, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

November 10
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey, died in November 10 of 1938. I think this date should be added to the list as even after almost 70 years later, November 10 is a major national event and considered as a day of mourning in Turkey. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 86.108.203.68 (talk • contribs).

 * It's mentioned in the deaths section. Atilim Gunes Baydin 16:03, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Mark Keppel High School
Is there any particular reason why the construction of this High School is a particularly notable event in history?

Format
[See: Talk:1950. -Wikid77 13:16, 14 December 2006 (UTC)]

Image copyright problem with Image:Daffy Duck and Egghead.JPG
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:38, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Prinses Beatrix.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:37, 3 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Queen Mary of Romania 2.jpg

Collage
Here is something to work on with regard to making a 1938 collage. Please come with suggestions :)

Answer below:

title: Talk:1938