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Stelios Kazantzidis

Stelios Kazantzidis (Greek: Στέλιος Καζαντζίδης; 29 August 1931 – 14 September 2001) was one of the most prominent Greek singers. He was of Pontian and Asia Minor roots. A leading singer of Greek popular music, or Laïkó, he collaborated with many of Greece's foremost composers.

Biography
Kazantzidis was born in Nea Ionia, in Athens, Greece. He was the first of two brothers born to Haralambos Kazantzidis (of Pontian roots from Ordu) (Greek Κοτύωρα Kotyora) and Gesthimani Kazantzidi, who was a Greek who came from the town of Alanya (known as Alaiya) (Greek Κορακήσιον Korakesion) in what is now southern Turkey and migrated to Greece as a result of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). He was orphaned at the age of 16 when his father, a member of the Greek Resistance, was beaten to death by right-wing guerillas in 1947, during the Greek Civil War. This forced Kazantzidis into employment, working as a baggage-carrier at Omonia Square and then for an interstate bus company, as a seller of roasted chestnuts at open markets, and as a labourer at the Nea Ionia textile mills.

His life changed when the owner of a factory, which was located in the Perissos working district, gave him a guitar. He spent long hours playing music. He made his first public appearance at a Kifissia night club in the early 1950s and soon after, in July 1952, made his first studio recording at Columbia studios with a song entitled "I'm going for a swim" (Για μπάνιο πάω), written by Apostolos Kaldaras. It did not do well but he tried again, recording Giannis Papaioannou's "The suitcases" (Οι βαλίτσες) soon after. The song became the first of many hits and with his newfound popularity he began to make appearances in some of the biggest clubs of the time, like "Theios", "Mpertzeletos" and "Rosignol". With his career in full swing, Kazantzidis began to collaborate with some of the biggest names in Greek music, among them Manolis Chiotis, Manos Hadjidakis, Mikis Theodorakis, and Stavros Xarhakos.

A hallmark in his career – and an event of great importance for the musical scene of post-war Greece – was his cooperation with composer Vassilis Tsitsanis. Starting in 1956 it resulted in several new songs as well as reinterpretions of Tsitsanis older songs. Kazantzidis, thus, sung and popularized such rebetiko classics as "Synnefiasmeni Kyriaki", "Bakse tsifliki" and "Ta Kavourakia". These songs, and many others, previously unknown to the wide public suddenly became cherished and sought-after.

A few years later Kazantzidis started to develop his own musical style, a style with influences ranging from rebetika to Indian music. This new turn met with considerable success and became a template for later developments in Greek popular music. "Mantoubala" for example, a Kazantzidis original, was inspired by Madhubala, an Indian actress he saw. This was the first record in Greece to sell over 100,000 copies, an amazing fact since the total population of the country (at the time) was about 7.5 million.

Stelios Kazantzidis married Marinella on 7 May 1964 and they toured together in Germany and the United States. The two of them became a legendary duo. In 1965, Kazantzidis, whilst at the peak of his career, decided to stop appearing in nightclubs. For the next ten years, he only released studio albums. In September 1966 he divorced Marinella, and they recorded their last duets ("Mi Mou Lete Gia Aftin", "Apopse Se Eho Stin Agalia Mou" and "I Kardia Tis Manas") for Philips the following year.

Following Marinella's departure Litsa Diamandi became his primary female harmony vocalist in 1968. The album simply titled Stelios Kazantzidis (often referred to as the "balloon album", due to its cover artwork), was a transitional album. Marinella sang on some songs (including "Pame Tsarka"-an updated version of Tsitsanis' "Bakse Tsifliki") and Diamandi on others (e.g. the big hit "Efiye Efiye").

In 1968, Kazantzidis recorded "Nyhterides Ki Arahnes", written by newcomer Christos Nikolopoulos; the song became an immediate success. The follow-up to this album, Ena Gramma had a number of hits, which included "Sto Trapezi Pou Tha Pino", "Pare T' Ahnaria", "Tha Kopso to Telefono" and "Kai Oi Andres Klene". Marinella had an "answer back" to that latter song, by releasing "Oi Andres Den Klene" (men don't cry).

In 1973 he collaborated with songwriter Akis Panou and released an album with six songs, including one of his biggest hits, "I zoi mou oli", and in 1974 he recorded "Stin Anatoli", composed by Mikis Theodorakis. The next year he recorded another one of his biggest hits, "Iparho", penned by Pythagoras. Suddenly Kazantzidis rocked the Greek music industry again, when he announced his decision to stop recording. He accused his label of "colonial-like" contracts and took a leave from recording. In 1987 he recorded again for the first time after 12 years. "Ο Dromos Tis Epistrofis" (Ο Δρόμος της Επιστροφής) sold 200,000 copies and became a commercial success. He continued to release records occasionally for the rest of his life. Kazantidis, besides his work on folk music, also recorded four records with Pontic music alongside Chrysanthos Theodoridis, the greatest Pontic singer, songwriter, and lyricist.

Foreign audiences
In Israel, he was a musical icon. Many of his songs were translated into Hebrew and performed by the country's leading singers. Yaron Enosh, an Israel Radio broadcaster who often plays Greek music on his programs, described the singer's ability to combine joy with sorrow: "This is the task of music: to touch the entire range of feelings...Kazantzidis could do this; he played on all the strings." To the Greek Jews who immigrated to Israel, Kazantzidis was "the voice of the world they left behind, for good or for bad." According to the operator of Radio Agapi, a station that plays Greek music 24 hours a day, "Kazantzidis was the voice of the people, of the weary, the exploited, the betrayed. And the voice of the refugee and the emigre, too."

Kazantzidis also sang in Turkish. His song Bekledim da Gelmedin (I waited and you didn't come) was constantly played on the radio after the events of Bloody Christmas (1963). This was done to taunt Turkish Cypriots who had been expecting military relief from Turkey that never came.

In the 1970s/80s, many Greek recording artists, including Kazantzidis, had recordings issued by the New York-based P.I. (Peters International) label, for the Greek diaspora in the USA.

Minos also had Kazantzidis recordings issued in Israel, for the local market there.

Death
Kazantzidis died of a brain tumor on 14 September 2001. His death was an emotional event for Greece, as attested to by the many obituaries in appreciation of his life and work. Kazantzidis was given a state funeral through the streets of Elefsina (26 km from Athens) which was broadcast live on Greek television. His music was also beloved by the Greek diaspora all over the world, capturing their feelings in the difficult post-war period.

He was commemorated on a Greek postage stamp in 2010.

Film
Greek popular music had long been intertwined with Greek post-war cinema. In the 50s and 60s, almost every film contained portions of music performed on screen, often by Kazantzidis.

 * I kyria dimarhos (1960) – Mrs Mayor
 * Paixe, bouzouki mou glyko (1965) – Play, my sweet Bouzouki
 * I timoria (1965) – The punishment
 * Afiste me na ziso (1965) – Let me live
 * Adistaktoi (1965) – The Ruthless
 * Oi angeloi tis amartias (To limani) (1966) – Angels of sin
 * Foukarades kai leftades (1966) – The unfortunate and the rich
 * Eho dikaioma na s' agapo! (1966) – I have the right to love you
 * O gerontokoros (1967) – The aged bachelor
 * I ora tis dikaiosynis (1967) – The hour of justice
 * Adiki katara (1967) – Unjust Curse
 * Ta psihoula tou kosmou (1968) – The breadcrumbs of the world
 * Oi andres den lygizoun pote! (1968) – Men never bend
 * O gigas tis Kypselis (1968) – Kypseli's Giant
 * Kravges ston anemo (1976) – Shouts in the wind

Two of his songs ("To Psomi tis Ksenitias" and "Ena Sidero Anameno") are featured in Season 2 of the hit HBO TV series The wire, during the season's second-to-last episode, "Bad Dreams". The first is heard in the background of a restaurant while the second is heard in multiple of the final scenes of the episode; the music was not sourced anywhere on set, a technique rarely used by the show's producers.

"Epsahna Adika Na Vro" is audible in the Movie "Summer Lovers". However, it does not appear on the soundtrack album, nor is it in the film credits.

Albums

 * 1961 – 1963
 * "Kazantzidis & Marinella – Megales Epitihies" (Great hits) 1964
 * "Chrysos Diskos Kazantzidi & Marinellas" / "Songs from the North American Tour" 1965 (Actually studio recordings of the songs they performed in the US/Canada. Taping of the Carnegie Hall show was planned but never occurred. Other tour stops were in Montreal, Toronto, Chicago, and Boston. No bootleg recordings of any of these concerts, are known to exist).
 * "Kazantzidis #3" (mid-1960s recordings on Odeon, not to be confused with another album, also called "#3" which is on Regal, and is a hits compilation)
 * "Tragoudise Mazi Mas" (Sing together) 1966
 * "Stelios Kazantzidis" (self-titled, "Balloon Cover" album) 1968
 * "Kazantzidis & Marinella" 1969
 * "Nichterides Ki' Arachnes" (Bats and spiders) 1969
 * "Ena Gramma" (One Letter) 1970
 * "I Stenahoria Mou"(My distress)1971
 * "O Gyrismos" (The Return) 1972
 * "Iparcho" (I exist) 1975
 * "I Gialinos Kosmos" (A World of Glass) 198?
 * "Elevtheros" (The Victor) 1988
 * "Stelios Kazantzidis & Marinella – Ta Tragoudia Tis Amerikis" (The songs of America) 1991
 * "Kai Pou Theos" 1994
 * "Synapanteman" 1994
 * "O Stelios Tragoudaei" (Stelios is singing) 2001–02
 * "Stelios Kazantzidis: Ta zeibekika" 2003

Appearances on Compilation albums

 * Retsina and Bouzouki No. 2 and #3(HMV, Greece)
 * Greek Serenade(Capitol, USA)....includes "Vraho Vraho ton Kaimo Mou" and "O Kyr-Antonis"
 * Nina "Custom Series"(Nina, USA)....late 1950s Greek hits compilation of various artists, spread through six discs—the first four have no Kazantzidis songs, but he appears on the last two, with "Tha Vro Moumouri Baglama" and "Enoho Chryma"...
 * The wire "...and all the pieces matter" with his theme "Efuge, efuge"

Singles
Notable Stelios Kazantzidis songs include:

 * I zoi mou oli – My entire life – 2:57
 * Dio Portes Echi i Zoi – Life has two doors – 3:20
 * To Agriolouloudo – The wildflower – 2:50
 * Allotines Mou Epoches – My former times – 2:43
 * Anemona – 3:00
 * De Tha Ksanagapiso – I will never love again – 3:10
 * As Eicha tin Ygeia Mou – If I had my health – 3:03
 * An Einai i Agapi Egklima – If love is a crime – 2:26
 * Ego me tin Axia Mou – Me with my worth – 3:15
 * Eimai Ena Kormi Chameno – I'm a lost man – 3:33
 * Exo Ap'Adiko – I have suffered injustice – 3:04
 * Gyrizo Ap'ti Nychta – I return from the night – 2:58
 * Tin Kalyva Ti Diki Mou – That hut of mine – 2:32
 * I Kardia Mou As Opsetai – Take a look at my heart – 3:16
 * Kathenas me ton Pono Tou – Each with his pain – 3:20
 * Katastrofes kai Symfores – Catastrophes and misfortunes – 3:45
 * Ki An Gello Einai Psema – And if I laugh, it's a lie – 3:24
 * Me Xypnas Charamata – You wake me at dawn – 2:40
 * Niotho mia Kourasi Vareia – I feel a deep weariness – 3:05
 * Nomiza Pos Itan Filoi – ''I thought that they were friends – 3:15
 * Otan Methaei o Anthropos – When A man gets drunk – 2:46
 * Pare ta Chnaria Mou – Take my footprints – 3:08
 * I Stenochoria Mou – My concerns – 3:00
 * Tha to Po Fanera – I'll say it openly – 3:24
 * Sto Trapezi pou ta Pino – At the table where I drink – 2:37
 * H Kypros einai Elliniki – Cyprus is Greek – 3:12
 * Nea Ionia – Nea Ionia – 2:49
 * Tha Kopso to Telefono - I'll Break the Telephone
 * Klaio Kai Pono – Crying and in Pain
 * Vradiazei
 * Tragodo
 * Gyalinos Kosmos
 * Epsahna adika na vro
 * To tholomeno mou myalo
 * Afti i nyxchta menei
 * Ti gyreveis palikari

Cover Versions and Related

 * Poly Panou "Tis Fthologias Tragoudi"("The Poor Peoples' Song")single written by Kazantzidis. He is on the B-side of the single, "Ap' To Pono Tha Pethano"
 * Christos Nikolopoulos....Bouzouki player for Kazantzidis in the 1970s/80s has solo recordings out.
 * Daviko......Israeli singer has an album called "Yassoo Kazantzidi". Songs are a mix of Greek and Hebrew.
 * "Efiye Efiye" has been sampled, and used in the songs by J Love("Track 19") and Action Bronson("Eastern Promises").
 * Zohar Argov, Israeli singer, had a local hit called "Elinor"---which is "Yparho" but with new lyrics written in Hebrew.
 * Dimitris Mitropanos, another famous Greek singer, had covered a Kazantzidis song, "Gyrizo Ap' Tin Nychta" TWICE.....both the studio and live versions became hits in Greece.

title: Stelios Kazantzidis


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Tetricus II

Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus, better known as Tetricus II, was the son and heir of Tetricus I, emperor of the Gallic Empire from 271 to 274 AD.

In 273, he was given the title of Caesar alongside that of princeps iuventutis, and in January 274 he started his first consulship, together with his father.

After the defeat and deposition of his father in the autumn of 274 by the Emperor Aurelian, he and his father appeared as prisoners in Aurelian's triumph, but the emperor spared their lives. According to some sources, Tetricus II also kept his senatorial rank.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tetricus II


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User:Lexor/Wikipediaintro

Welcome to Wikipedia! We are building a multilingual free-content encyclopedia that will always belong to everyone. We started in January 2001 and are now working on articles in the English version. Join us! Visit the Community Portal or experiment in the sandbox to find out how you can edit any article right now. Category:Wikipedia administration templates

title: User:Lexor/Wikipediaintro


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User talk:Lexor/Wikipediaintro

I created this msg to enable the same intro text to be transcluded in a number of places, but unfortunately doesn't get expanded when transcluded. Is there a workaround for this? --Lexor|Talk 09:49, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Variant
There's a variant linking Copyright with the word "copyleft" instead of "free-content", at Welcome newcomers. --Quiddity 05:19, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lexor/Wikipediaintro


text: User talk:212.219.94.115

title: User talk:212.219.94.115


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MediaWiki talk:Googlesearch

Initial request: (so I won't have to search again) Dori | Talk 02:07, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC)

Done! Thankyou Lupo Tannin 10:00, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yahoo search line 4 from top misses a space before vspace. (Not here on talk but in the message text.) --grin 09:32, 2004 Mar 11 (UTC)

Duplicatory effort?
"We recommend you search Wikipedia before creating a new article to avoid duplicatory effort."

"Avoid duplicatory effort" just seems too legalese. Maybe change it to "avoid duplicating an existing article"? – Minh Nguyễn 20:25, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I reworded it a bit to make it clearer. Does the current version read better? Dori | Talk 20:30, Mar 28, 2004 (UTC)

Which search engines to list?
ask.com have asked to be added to this page. Are there any objections to that? Are there any others that should be here? Is there a better way to display them than just listing them all in separate boxes? Angela. 19:53, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

OED
The extremely informative Oxford English Dictionary now has a search form that can be used on other sites. Of course, only users at institutions like colleges, schools, or libraries would have access to the search results, but they are so useful, and we are already used by many at those institutions, that I think it should be included. Any objections? — BRIAN 0918 • 2006-06-14 17:49

 * Yes. It's not free, and we shouldn't be advertising any particular service. Shimgray | talk | 20:55, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * We advertise Google and Yahoo, both of which are commercial sites with ads. — BRIAN 0918 • 2006-06-18 21:31

 * Yes. I think Shimgray's second stated reason is pretty silly, given that we're already "advertising" services such as Google and Yahoo! on this page.  However:
 * The existing two links provide ways to access Wikipedia. Someone who is entering something in the search form on Wikipedia is probably looking for an article on Wikipedia.
 * Even if that weren't the case, the OED isn't even an encyclopedia. Linking to a dictionary when users are looking for an encyclopedia entry is not generally helpful.
 * This is even leaving aside the issue of how many of our readers have access to the OED online. Those two points are still sufficient that I'm quite puzzled as to why Brian is suggesting we include this entirely irrelevant link.  If someone would like to suggest we link to the internal search facility of a mirror of Wikipedia, that would make sense; if someone would suggest that we link to another online encyclopedia, that would also make sense, although I don't think I'd support it; someone suggesting that, when our internal search facility is down, we provide links to a dictionary that for that matter many if not most of our readers will have difficulty accessing . . . that just leaves me confused, I'm afraid. —Simetrical (talk • contribs) 21:16, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

It's simple: the Google and Yahoo search boxes provide the option, via a radio button, to search the entire WWW, not just wikipedia.org—commercial sites (including Google and Yahoo themselves), subscription sites, and all others. Now how is that different from providing a search for one specific commercial site? We are essentially saying that we will only allow people to find content that Google and Yahoo index, and no other locations which may be more useful (and in this case, definitely are). The boxes could simply provide searching only en.wikipedia.org, but they don't; they offer searching the entire web (that's indexed by their sites). I'm fine with that, but I'm not fine with offering to find some commercial or subscription-based content, but not others, which is what we're doing now. — BRIAN 0918 • 2006-06-18 21:44

 * The Web-searching button is secondary to the Wikipedia-searching button; the latter is the sole reason we have the search forms at all. This is what gets displayed when Wikipedia search is down, so we provide alternative ways to search Wikipedia, and incidentally also the Web.  The latter is provided partly due to convention, partly because no one bothered to change the default HTML that Google and Yahoo! provide, and partly as a courtesy for their Wikipedia-searching service, a service the OED doesn't render. —Simetrical (talk • contribs) 18:53, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * And where did you get that information from (on why WWW search is provided)? Did you pull it out of a dark orifice? — BRIAN 0918 • 2006-06-20 00:05

 * I just discovered this "feature" when my database went down...I was angry to see a link on my site that would essentially notify Google.com that MY database was down and effectively announce one of my users having a real-time problem on my site. The radio button confused the issue, seeming to suggest that a search would take place on my site.  This is advertising that MediaWiki is free to do on their site, but burying this feature on everyone's site seems not merely sloppy but unscrupulous.  The debate should not be who do we play favorites with, but why is the "feature" not well announced to installers?  Why is it not easily configurable, and set to a default position of OFF?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.170.54.99 (talk) 04:17, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Images
WRT removing the images... I don't get it. "Fair use"? These images aren't covered by the image-use policy, which deals with on-wiki content, any more than the (copyright-reserved) Wikimedia logos are. Indeed, they're not even hosted locally - these are links out to transclude external ones. Can you please explain why you're removing them in more detail? Shimgray | talk | 12:00, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Because they're company logos, and not free? 1ne 19:53, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Are you going to respond? 1ne 07:10, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry - been unexpectedly busy the last couple of days.
 * I still think we've a fundamental divide in conceptions here - I honestly don't see how our policies on what form of material is and isn't acceptable as content automatically apply to the site infrastructure. Our use of the logos is a legitimate identifying use, and is deriving them directly from a copy made available for this purpose eg rather than being "bundled" with the free content. For better or for worse, they're what people expect to see next to external search boxes, and I really don't see how applying a hardline interpretation of "not free bad" helps improve this - which is, after all, an obscure backup search function.
 * If I get a chance in the next couple of days I'll post somewhere more high-profile; see if I can get some feedback from a third party Shimgray | talk | 09:25, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The foundation is comitted to useing free software. The practical effect of this is that the interface is mostly GPL. Those images are not GPL nor are they under any other free lisence nor are they copyright the foundation. thus they should be removed.Geni 22:40, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * We cannot use copyrighted logos here because our fair use rules limit them to the article space. ( H ) 22:19, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

rename it
it should be externalsearch and not googlesearch because yahoo is also included. --78.34.4.125 (talk) 14:50, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

This feature is innappropriate as it sits
1) The name SHOULD be changed to something like external search. 2) This page should default to OFF 3) Installer/admins should be able to turn it on after providing a sub page for each of any number of separate search providers 4) Theoretically, in order to be added to any of the open content license sites the vendors wishing to be included should provide a properly licensed link image  Short of all that this page, and elsewhere as appropriate, it should be made very clear how to cleanly disable the feature.

title: MediaWiki talk:Googlesearch


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German camps in occupied Poland during World War II

The German camps in occupied Poland during World War II were built by the Nazis between 1939 and 1945 throughout the territory of the Polish Republic, both in the areas annexed in 1939, and in the General Government formed by Nazi Germany in the central part of the country (see map). After the 1941 German attack on the Soviet Union, a much greater system of camps was established, including the world's only industrial extermination camps constructed specifically to carry out the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question".

German-occupied Poland contained 457 camp complexes. Some of the major concentration and slave labour camps consisted of dozens of subsidiary camps scattered over a broad area. At the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, the number of subcamps was 97. The Auschwitz camp complex (Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, and Auschwitz III-Monowitz) had 48 satellite camps; their detailed descriptions are provided by the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Stutthof concentration camp had 40 subcamps officially and as many as 105 subcamps in operation, some as far as Elbląg, Bydgoszcz and Toruń, at a distance of 200 km from the main camp. The camp system was one of the key instruments of terror, while at the same time providing necessary labour for the German war economy.

The camp system was one of the key instruments of terror, while at the same time providing necessary labour for the German war economy. Historians estimate that some 5 million Polish citizens (including Polish Jews) went through them. Impartial scientific research into prisoner statistics became possible only after the collapse of the Soviet Empire in 1989, because in the preceding decades all inhabitants of the eastern half of the country annexed by the USSR in 1939 were described as citizens of the Soviet Union in the official communist statistics.

Overview
Before the September 1939 Invasion of Poland, the concentration camps built in Nazi Germany held mainly German Jews and political enemies of the Nazi regime. Everything changed dramatically with the onset of World War II. The Nazi concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KL or KZ) set up across the entire German-occupied Europe were redesigned to exploit the labor of foreign captives and prisoners of war at high mortality rate for maximum profit. Millions of ordinary people were enslaved as part of the German war effort. According to research by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Nazi Germany created some 42,500 camps and ghettos in which an estimated 15 to 20 million people were imprisoned. All types of confinement were used as a source of labour supply.

Between 1941 and 1943, the concerted effort to destroy the European Jews entirely led to the creation of extermination camps by the SS for the sole purpose of mass murder in gas chambers. During the Holocaust, many transit camps as well as newly formed Jewish ghettos across German occupied Poland served as collection points for deportation under the guise of "resettlement". The unsuspecting victims used to mistakenly perceive their own deportations as work summons. The Germans turned Auschwitz into a major death camp by expanding its extermination facilities. It was only after the majority of Jews from all Nazi ghettos were annihilated that the cement gas chambers and crematoria were blown up in a systematic attempt to hide the evidence of genocide. The cremation ovens working around the clock till November 25, 1944, were blown up at Auschwitz by the orders of SS chief Heinrich Himmler.

Extermination camps
The vision of the Final Solution had crystallised in the minds of the Nazi leadership during a five-week period, from 18 September to 25 October 1941. It coincided with the German victories on the Eastern Front which yielded over 500,000 new POWs near Moscow. During this time, the concept of Hitler's Lebensraum was redefined. Different methods of industrial-scale murder were tested and the sites of the extermination camps were selected.

The new extermination policy was spelled out at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin in January 1942, leading to the attempt at "murdering every last Jew in the German grasp" thereafter. In early 1942 the German Nazi government constructed killing facilities in the territory of occupied Poland for the secretive Operation Reinhard. The extermination camps (Vernichtungslager) were added to already functioning extermination through labor systems, including at Auschwitz Konzentrationslager and Majdanek; both operating in a dual capacity until the end of the war. In total, the Nazi German death factories (Vernichtungs- oder Todeslager) designed to systematically murder trainloads of people by gassing under the guise of a shower, included the following:
 * {|width="99%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 90%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: middle;"

! style="text-align:center;background:#B0C4DE"| ! style="text-align:center;background:#B0C4DE"|Vernichtungslager ! style="text-align:center;background:#B0C4DE"|Nazi-delineated territory ! style="text-align:center;background:#B0C4DE"|Polish location ! style="text-align:center;background:#B0C4DE"|Holocaust victims 600,000 with 246,922 from General Government.
 * style="background:#f2f2f8; font-size:85%;" colspan=5 |German extermination camps in Poland
 * style="background:#f2f2f8; font-size:85%;" colspan=5 |German extermination camps in Poland
 * 1
 * Auschwitz-Birkenau ||Oberschlesien ||Oświęcim near Kraków ||align="left"|1.1 million, around 90 percent Jewish.
 * 2
 * Treblinka * ||Generalgouvernement ||80 km north-east of Warsaw ||align="left"|800,000–900,000 at Camp II (and 20,000 at Camp I).
 * 3
 * Belzec * ||Generalgouvernement ||Bełżec near Tomaszów Lubelski ||align="left"|
 * 3
 * Belzec * ||Generalgouvernement ||Bełżec near Tomaszów Lubelski ||align="left"|
 * Belzec * ||Generalgouvernement ||Bełżec near Tomaszów Lubelski ||align="left"|
 * 4
 * Sobibor * ||Generalgouvernement ||85 km south of Brześć nad Bugiem ||align="left"|200,000 (140,000 from Lublin and 25,000 from Lwów).
 * 5
 * Chełmno ||Reichsgau Wartheland ||50 km north of Łódź ||align="left"|200,000 (most via the Łódź Ghetto).
 * 6
 * Majdanek ||Generalgouvernement ||Lublin city district at present ||align="left"|130,000 per Majdanek State Museum research.
 * style="font-size:85%;" colspan=5 | * Killing factories of secretive Operation Reinhard, 1942–43
 * }
 * Majdanek ||Generalgouvernement ||Lublin city district at present ||align="left"|130,000 per Majdanek State Museum research.
 * style="font-size:85%;" colspan=5 | * Killing factories of secretive Operation Reinhard, 1942–43
 * }
 * }

The primary function of death camps was the murder of Jews from all countries occupied by Germany, except the Soviet Union (Soviet Jews were generally murdered by death squads). Non-Jewish Poles and other prisoners were also murdered in these camps; an estimated 75,000 non-Jewish Poles were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Most extermination camps had regular concentration camps set up along with them including Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek, and Treblinka I. However, these camps were distinct from the adjoining extermination camps.

Concentration camps
At the beginning of the war, the new Stutthof concentration camp near Gdańsk served exclusively for the internment and extermination of the Polish elites. Before long, it became a nightmare of Moloch with 105 subcamps extending as far as 200 kilometres south into the heartland of Poland and more than 60,000 dead before the war's end, mainly non-Jewish Poles. As far as forced labour, there was little difference between camp categories in Poland except for the level of punitive actions. Some camps were built so that the prisoners could be worked to death out of the public eye; this policy was called Vernichtung durch Arbeit (annihilation through work). Large numbers of non-Jewish Poles were held in these camps, as were various prisoners from other countries. Among the major concentration camps run by SS for the purpose of wilful killing of forced labourers, the most notable examples included the Soldau concentration camp in Działdowo, and the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp made famous in the feature film Schindler's List and the Inheritance documentary.

The Gross-Rosen concentration camp located in Rogoźnica, Poland (part of the German Silesia in World War II), was surrounded by a network of 97 satellite camps (Aussenlager) populated with Polish nationals expelled from Nazi Wartheland in the process of ethnic cleansing. By October 1943, most inmates were Polish Jews including nearly 26,000 women. There were similar camps, built locally, at Budzyń, Janowska, Poniatowa, Skarżysko-Kamienna (HASAG), Starachowice, Trawniki and Zasław servicing Nazi German startups which ballooned during this period. War profiteers set up camps in the vicinity of the ghettos via Arbeitsamt, as in Siedlce, the Mińsk Ghetto (Krupp), and numerous other towns with virtually nothing to eat.

War economy of Nazi Germany

Following the failure of the Blitzkrieg strategy on the Eastern Front, the year 1942 marked the turning point in the German "total war" economy. The use of slave labour increased massively. About 12 million people, most of whom were Eastern Europeans, were interned for the purpose of labour exploitation inside Nazi Germany. Millions of camp inmates were used virtually for free by major German corporations such as Thyssen, Krupp, IG Farben, Bosch, Blaupunkt, Daimler-Benz, Demag, Henschel, Junkers, Messerschmitt, Philips, Siemens, and even Volkswagen, not to mention the German subsidiaries of foreign firms, such as Fordwerke (Ford Motor Company) and Adam Opel AG (a subsidiary of General Motors) among others. The foreign subsidiaries were seized and nationalized by the Nazis. Work conditions deteriorated rapidly. The German need for slave labour grew to the point that even the foreign children have been kidnapped in an operation called the Heuaktion in which 40,000 to 50,000 Polish children aged 10 to 14 were used as slave labour. More than 2,500 German companies profited from slave labour during the Nazi era, including Deutsche Bank.

The prisoners were deported to camps servicing German state projects of Organization Schmelt, and the war profiteering Nazi companies controlled by SS-WVHA and Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) in charge of Arbeitseinsatz, such as Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe (DWB), Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke (DAW), and the massive Organisation Todt (OT), which built Siegfried Line, Valentin submarine pens, and launch pads for the V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket, among other slave labour projects such as the SS Ostindustrie GmbH, or private enterprises making German uniforms such as Többens and Schultz.

Labour camp categories
The Germans pressed large numbers of Poles and Polish Jews into forced labour. The labourers, imprisoned in German Arbeitslager camps and subcamps across Poland and the Reich, worked for a broad range of war-related industries from armaments production and electronics to army uniforms and garments. At most camps, including Buchenwald, the Poles and Polish Jews deported from Pomerania and Silesia were denied recognition as Polish nationals. Their true numbers can never be known. Only 35,000 Poles who were still alive in 1945 came back to Poland and registered as Buchenwald survivors, others remained in the West.

The Gross-Rosen population accounted for 11% of the total number of inmates in Nazi concentration camps by 1944, and yet by 1945 nothing remained of it due to death march evacuation. Auschwitz ran about 50 subcamps with 130,000-140,000 Poles on record, used as slave labour. Over half of them were murdered there; others were shipped to other complexes. There were hundreds of Arbeitslager camps in operation, where at least 1.5 million Poles performed hard labour at any given time. Many of the subcamps were transient in nature, being opened and closed according to the labour needs of the occupier. There were also around 30 Polenlager camps among them, formally identified in Silesia as permanent (see list) such as Gorzyce and Gorzyczki. Many of the 400,000 Polish prisoners of war captured by Germans during the 1939 invasion of Poland were also imprisoned in these camps, although many of them were sent as forced labourers to the heartland of Germany. Several types of labor camps in this category were distinguished by German bureaucracy.
 * 1) Arbeitslager was general-purpose term for labor camps in the direct sense.
 * 2) Gemeinschaftslager was a work camp for civilians.
 * 3) Arbeitserziehungslager were training labor camps, where the inmates were held for several weeks.
 * 4) Strafarbeitslager were punitive labor camps, originally created as such, as well as based on prisons.
 * 5) The term Zwangsarbeitslager is translated as forced labor camp.
 * 6) Polen Jugenverwahrlag were set up for Polish children hard to Germanize.
 * 7) Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle camps for the actual, and the presumed ethnic Germans.

Prisoner of war camps
The Germans established several camps for prisoners of war (POWs) from the western Allied countries in territory which before 1939 had been part of Poland. There was a major POW camp at Toruń (Thorn, called Stalag XX-A) and another at Łódź with hundreds of subsidiary Arbeitskommandos; Stalag VIII-B, Stalag XXI-D, plus a network of smaller ones including district camps. Many Soviet prisoners-of-war were also brought to occupied Poland, where most of them were murdered in slave labor camps. The POW camp in Grądy (Stalag 324) held 100,000 Soviet prisoners; 80,000 of them perished. The Germans did not recognise Soviets as POWs and several million of them died in German hands. They were fed only once a day, and the meal would consist of bread, margarine and soup.

The victims

The Polish nation lost the largest portion of its pre-war population during World War II. Out of Poland's pre-war population of 34,849,000, about 6 million – constituting 17% of its total – perished during the German occupation. There were 240,000 military deaths, 3,000,000 Polish-Jewish Holocaust victims, and 2,760,000 civilian deaths (see World War II casualties backed with real research and citations).

The Polish government has issued a number of decrees, periodically updated, providing for the surviving Polish victims of wartime (and post-war) repression, and has produced lists of the various camps where Poles (defined both as citizens of Poland regardless of ethnicity, and persons of Polish ethnicity of other citizenship) were detained either by the Germans or by the Soviets.

Camps after the liberation
German camps were liberated by the Red Army and Polish Army in 1944 or 1945. A number of camps were subsequently used by the Soviets or Polish communist regime as POW or labor camps for Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, e.g.: Zgoda labour camp, Central Labour Camp Potulice, Łambinowice camp.

Decrees of Polish Parliament
On 20 September 2001 the Sejm of the Republic of Poland introduced a special bill devoted to commemoration of Poland's citizens subjected to forced labour under German rule during World War II. The bill confirmed various categories of camp victims as defined during the founding of the Institute of National Remembrance (Dz.U.97.141.943), but most importantly, named every Nazi German concentration camp and subcamp with Polish nationals in them. The list was compiled for legal purposes as reference for survivors seeking international recognition and/or compensation action. It included Soviet and Stalinist places of detention as well. Among the Nazi German camps were 23 main camps with Polish prisoners, including 49 subcamps of Auschwitz, 140 subcamps of Buchenwald, 94 subcamps of KZ Dachau, 83 subcamps of KZ Flossenbürg, 97 subcamps of Gross-Rosen, 54 subcamps of KZ Mauthausen, 55 subcamps of Natzweiler, 67 subcamps of KZ Neuengamme, 26 subcamps of Ravensbrück, 55 subcamps of KZ Sachsenhausen, 28 subcamps of Stutthof, 24 subcamps of Mittelbau and others. Without exception, they were set up by the Germans for the abuse and exploitation of foreign nationals.

Naming of the camps by western media often cause controversies due to the usage of ambiguous phrase "Polish death camps" discouraged by the Polish and Israeli governments as loaded. All camps built in occupied Poland were German. They were set up during the reign of the Nazis over German-occupied Europe. Sporadically, the controversy is caused by the lack of sensitivity toward the history of the German occupation of Poland with comments made without awareness of the controversy.


text:
United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry

The Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of all matters relating to the nation's agriculture industry, farming programs, forestry and logging, and legislation relating to nutrition, home economics, and rural development.

The current chair is Democrat Debbie Stabenow of Michigan, and the ranking member is Republican John Boozman of Arkansas.

History
Founded in 1825 the committee was formed at the request of Senator William Findlay from Pennsylvania. Arguing that agriculture was as important to national progress as commerce and manufacturing, Findlay succeeded in persuading the full Senate to divide the Committee on Commerce and Manufactures into two separate committees. The Committee on Agriculture was formed by resolution on December 9, 1825.

During the first four decades of the existence of this committee, the need for it was repeatedly called into question. At that time in America, nearly two-thirds of the population was directly engaged in agriculture. As such, issues related to agriculture overlapped with areas covered by other committees and were often referred to those committees instead of the Agriculture Committee.

Following a debate over the necessity of various committees to have need of the services of a dedicated clerk, a Special Committee was formed to investigate ways to "reduce the number and increase the efficiency of the committees." On February 17, 1857, the Special Committee submitted a plan of reorganization for the committees that did not include the Agriculture Committee. During a special session of the Senate, on March 5, 1857, the Senate approved the Special Committees recommendations and the Committee on Agriculture was dissolved.

In 1862, the country was embroiled in the Civil War, a large influx of immigrants was occurring and the nation was moving towards industrialization. That year, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Organic Act recreating the Department of Agriculture.

It became the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry in 1884, a reflection of the growing importance of forests to the country's needs. It was renamed again to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry in 1977. Nutrition was added to the name after the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 directed the Department of Agriculture to "conduct more human nutrition research, establish a national nutrition education program and develop a system to monitor America's nutritional status".

Jurisdiction
In accordance of Rule XXV of the United States Senate, all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the following subjects are referred to the Agriculture Committee:
 * 1) Agricultural economics and research.
 * 2) Agricultural extension services and experiment stations.
 * 3) Agricultural production, marketing, and stabilization of prices.
 * 4) Agriculture and agricultural commodities.
 * 5) Animal industry and diseases.
 * 6) Crop insurance and soil conservation.
 * 7) Farm credit and farm security.
 * 8) Food from fresh waters.
 * 9) Food stamp programs.
 * 10) Forestry, and forest reserves and wilderness areas other than those created from the public domain.
 * 11) Home economics.
 * 12) Human nutrition.
 * 13) Inspection of livestock, meat, and agricultural products.
 * 14) Pests and pesticides.
 * 15) Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering.
 * 16) Rural development, rural electrification, and watersheds.
 * 17) School nutrition programs.

The Agriculture Committee is also charged "to study and review, on a comprehensive basis, matters relating to food, nutrition, and hunger, both in the United States and in foreign countries, and rural affairs, and report thereon from time to time."

Chairs
The committee, under its various names, has been chaired by the following senators:

Subcommittees
Source


text:
Talk:The Pillows

Band Members
Suzuki Jun is not a member of the band, he is merely the current bassist. The only "members" are the other three. Suzuki is not considered a member out of respect for the original member. Pirouzu mentions this I'm sure. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.174.62.65 (talk) 21:43, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

Year of band formation
It says in the Early Beginnings section that the band was formed in 1989, but then it says "1987-1992" for Kenji Ueda under Members. What's goin' on here? --Spiffyxd 03:53, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The Pillows toured under the name "The Coinlocker Babies" starting from 1987 for 2 years before picking up the name "The Pillows". That's probably where the discrepancy came from. -- Unregistered person. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.183.225.120 (talk) 17:30, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Technical Limitations
I was wondering I know that 90's My LIFE and TURN BACK are EP's, but is Pantomime considered one? I have seen a few sites that do not list it as a Album, if this is so and it is a EP do you think it would be a good idea to keep the full Albums and EP's separate as the singles are? --Alus 05:03, July 20 2005
 * Pantomime really is an EP, for any more doubts about discography, visit the band's official site.

"the pillows" should be all lowercase, shoudn't it? I've yet to see the name with capitals from any official source. --Garrett Albright 10:14, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I believe "the pillows" is supposed to be all lowercase. I'll correct the article. --Brian Kendig 01:53, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * But the title cannot be corrected, unfortunately- jsut the way WikiMedia is. --maru 21:46, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Originally this article was titled "The Pillows" and mostly used that capitalization in the content. Soon after the above comments were posted (nearly a year ago) this was corrected.  The wrongtitle tag takes care of the MediaWiki issue... -- uberpenguin 01:14, 2005 May 16 (UTC)

Just a note that this page was briefly protected by accident. The link to "Protect this page" is right above "Discuss this page", and my aim with the mouse was not so good. Tuf-Kat 23:54, Mar 17, 2004 (UTC)

The Albums "TURN BACK" and "Synchronized Rockers" show on the discograph but arent present in the history or in the recent events. I'm wondering what exactly these albums are. - Lotyrin - 18 December

 * "TURN BACK" is an EP of re-recordings of songs from their early days with the pillows' modern lineup and sound. "Synchronized Rockers" is a tribute album of pillows covers recorded by other Japanese artists.

Similar Songs?
Any of you notice that the song "I think I can" sounds like The Pixies' Wave of Mutilation?

Well, I wouldn't be suprised.

Listen to Back seat Dog; specifically the bass line during the chorus. Then listen to "Here comes your man" by the pixies. There are other pixie links at pirouzu; under stuff -> Homages, you might enjoy looking at --69.247.164.232 10:59, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

References aside, "I think I can" sounds absolutely nothing like Wave of Mutilation. Like not even a little bit.

If you listen to Backseat Dog as it fades out, Sawao actually starts singing "Here comes your man" over and over. Just thought I'd throw that out there. (Roninbob 16:18, 2 July 2007 (UTC))

Listen to Dinosaur Jrs "Beyond", the songs Crumble and Been There all the Time sound very very similar to Last Dinosaur and Crazy Sunshine Plus, the name of the band is dinosaur Jr isnt that kinda odd? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.178.109.67 (talk) 04:29, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Correct genre?
Would they be condsidered rock or alternative rock? I'd say alternative, but wanted to pose the Q here before changing anything. --Itamae 19:51, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Alternative rock is a subcategory of rock, so wouldn't they both be correct? --maru  (talk)  contribs 21:44, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * True, but, there's a seperate article for alternative rock and I think it is more accurate as far as their genre goes. --Itamae 01:55, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * call me stupid, but wouldn't they obviously be considered J-Punk? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Megamungonymph (talk • contribs) 13:49, 11 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Er... Have you ever heard anything of theirs prior to Mr. Lostman? Genre is always debatable, and it's usually easiest to refer to the band's or record's classification. -- mattb

 * Or heard anything of theirs at all? Not punk by any sense of the word. Doceirias 17:47, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Minor POV edits
Great entry but, man, did the original author like Living Field? One couldn't tell from the article. /snark   A few edits to tone down the enthusiasm. I love the pillows just as much as the next dude, but the gushing is out of place for Wikipedia. 163.191.194.235 15:50, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Beck Anime
Should the fact that some of the their music appears in Beck and the fact that they appear in the last episode be noted on the main page? --torpy 12:03, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

picture?
I think we should go back to the last picture, it's a lot more recent. I'm not going to do it because I don't know if I'm the only one who thinks this... anyone else agree with me? --Itamae 13:58, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

The picture got deleted by wiki. Can somebody find a good one that is allowed?

Busters on the Planet
Is there a reason Busters on the Planet is not mentioned?

the pillows → The Pillows
Sorry guys, but it's policy. See Manual of Style (trademarks). Lowercased trademarks with no internal capitals should always be capitalized--SeizureDog 00:19, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This policy is intended to prevent incorrect English grammar by beginning sentences with a lower-case letter. Read the last line in the section you cite: But, if possible, rephrase to avoid beginning sentences with such trademarks:  No policy I have seen requires us to incorrectly capitalize either the article title or all the instances that don't begin a sentence. -- mattb

 * You read incorrectly. "Such trademarks" refers to the lowercased trademarks with internal capitals section, not the lowercased trademarks with no internal capitals section. The guidelines say completely lowercase trademarks are to "always" be capitalized. That is why the example includes Thirtysomething, Adidas, and Craigslist, all of which are stylized in lowercase. I should go ahead and revert it all back, but I hope that I can get this settled without a war.--SeizureDog 18:34, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right, I did misread. Still, I think this is a dumb style suggestion, and a little digging at its history indicates that it is (still) a rather controversial one.  I take issue with your calling a style guideline "policy"; especially one that is the result of a vote won by an unremarkable margin.  I'd prefer to get the input of more editors to this article before conceding to changing to the upper-cased version. -- mattb
 * I'd like more input as well, but it seems as though this is a pretty slow page. 18 days and just you to object.--SeizureDog 11:29, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I object as well. The pillows is the bands official way of writing the name. I see no reason to change something to an incorrect form. Besides that this is an extremely minor detail and I don't see why you, SeizureDog, are making a big deal out of this.--Mechamaster 3:00, 18 January 2007
 * Consistancy. Also, "offical" title doesn't seem to matter: Kiss (band) lost out on that one. In any case, they aren't really even consistant themselves. Just looking at their album covers you can see "the pillows", "THE PILLOWS", and "the PILLOWS". --SeizureDog 21:08, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * They nearly always use the all lower-case rendering. Out of twenty or so albums, three or so that I noticed deviate from this.  For at least the past ten years they have used the exact same logo/stylization that they currently use. -- mattb
 * In any case, it doesn't matter. The MOS is quite clear on the issue; how are you argueing that an exception should be made for this case?--SeizureDog 03:59, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * As I pointed out earlier, the current phrasing is a result of a very weakly won vote. A single vote doesn't determine "policy" by any means, and I contest calling something this obscure "consensus". -- mattb
 * Where are you getting this "won by one vote"? It was 12 to 3 that lowercased trademarks should always be capitalized, and 2 to 10 for them to never be capitalized. The current phrasing was won by a very large margin. See here.--SeizureDog 07:22, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I didn't mean to imply that it was won by one vote, but that a single poll apparantly decided this for all articles. -- mattb

 * This might be a good time to mention WP:IAR...I think most pillows fans would agree that it is officially done in all lower case, so that point doesn't seem to be worth arguing over. the band's "logo" is in all lower case, and they're still using that last I checked. -- febtalk 11:53, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course it did, how else is a project as big as Wikipedia supposed to even attempt a coherent style? If you disagree, open up another poll on policy/guideline level, state your arguments and then see if it gets through. Until then, please don't interfere with editors who improve articles based on existing policies/guidelines and precedents (such as Kiss (band)). And sorry, but in my book, WP:IAR does not supersede WP:CON (or any of the central policies for that matter), kinda defeats the purpose of productive cooperation. - Cyrus XIII 00:31, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The day WP:IAR overrules WP:CON in general is the day WP falls to vandals, however IAR is intended to be used to improve wikipedia, and not harm it, which the pillows does, as opposed to The Pillows. Really, i've never cared THAT much about the name. As long as it's refered to in it's proper all lower case in the article, you could name the article ZA PIROUZU for all I care. -- febtalk 07:20, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

(deindent) What would be wrong about "The Pillows (sometimes typeset "the pillows", to fit the official logo) are a..."? It would fix all potential style issues (all-lowercase trademarks, proper nouns, etc...), provides coherency for Wikipedia in general and still makes the reader aware of the stylization right from the get-go. - Cyrus XIII 07:31, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Because it's not sometimes typeset, it's almost always written that way. See the official myspace, the only capitalization is occasionally 'The', and only at the beginning of a sentence, never by itself. The official name of the band is the pillows, not The Pillows, and the article should reflect that, in the same way that we don't write Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116 as just Albin, even though the second one might be more correct or normal. -- febtalk 07:56, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Poor kid. Yet we are not talking about spelling here, but typesetting/capitalization. Like SeizureDog pointed out it, the all-lowercase variant has not been used coherently on album covers and even if this was the case (like it was with Kiss), why should there be an exception from WP:MOS-TM, given that the name of every professionally working band also constitutes a brand name or trademark? - Cyrus XIII 11:39, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The point is, the pillows shouldn't be capitalized since again, they HAVE been used very consistantly in pillows work, since they switched to their modern logo. It was "the PILLOWS" in a few early albums, however even since the second album they've done the name in lower case off and on, they switched to their modern logo in 98, which is all lower case, they appear to use lower case on their site. WP:MOS-TM says to capitalize them as you would a proper name- however, the pillows, as a proper name, is still spelled as the pillows, very consistantly since 98, and even off and on before then. And yes, capitalization and spelling can be very closely related -- febtalk 17:30, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * So the articles for Thirtysomething, Adidas and Craigslist have it all wrong then? - Cyrus XIII 18:07, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

On a separate note, you can see why at least the first letter should be capitalized just by looking at the title on the talk page (Talk:The pillows) and comparing it to what it says on the article page (the pillows). This is probably one of the reasons WP:MOS says that the first letter should be capitalized. Gdo01 07:37, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, that's a technical restriction, all Wikipedia articles start with a capital letter, even EBay/eBay. - Cyrus XIII 07:43, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * for me, those pages show up with a lowercase letter anyway, after they load (they load as EBay, but then it switches to eBay. No idea if it's firefox or what) -- febtalk 07:56, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That's just the lowercase template in the page source. - Cyrus XIII 11:39, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Given aforementioned MoS guideline, the support for the move here and on Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (trademarks), along with numerous precedents on other band-related articles, the page has now been moved. Whoever remains dissatisfied with this outcome, should feel free to question the applied guideline on its talk page. In the meantime, I suggest to focus more on the article's content, as it still lacks any source whatsoever to support its content. Several basic formatting rules also need to be applied, such as coherently putting the titles of albums/video releases in italics, individual songs/singles into quotes and using title case capitalization for all titles (as demonstrated on the album discography template). - Cyrus XIII 18:18, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

I have only ever seen them referred to as "the pillows", so it should remain like that on here. It's just like matchbox twenty, whose name is officially lowercase. - Beau99|talk 23:10, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing out another article which requires attention. - Cyrus XIII 02:49, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

With regards to consensus having pointed towards capitalization, I'd like to quote WP:NOT:

 * Wikipedia is not a democracy
 * Wikipedia is not an experiment in democracy or any other political system. Its primary method of determining consensus is discussion, not voting. Although editors occasionally use straw polls in an attempt to test for consensus, polls or surveys may actually impede rather than assist discussion. They should be used with caution, if at all, and may not be treated as binding.

As long as we're quoting "policy", I must express that I have more faith in my quoted policy than any style guide. - 58.107.184.115 13:02, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

wow
This article bleeds POV..... I've no idea how to clean it up, but it could certainly use a rewrite. It even blatantly refers to certain tracks as "excellent (yet often overlooked)". It reminds me strongly of a "behind the music" type article. Help?Secunda1 01:43, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, there's a lot of POV in it. I can try fixing it up this weekend, I should have some free time then. -- febtalk 01:58, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The History section also has major verifiability issues. I've looked around a bit on the web but so far, I can't seem to find any sources that would qualify as reliable. Someone with advanced Japanese skills might be more lucky, but as it stands, I see this article on a fast road towards stubification (or a plethora of [citation needed] tags). - Cyrus XIII 04:20, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Go for it if you think that you can clean it up... as for the lack of info... you'd think there'd be more english fansites given that they made the FLCL soundtrack. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Secunda1 (talk • contribs) 19:54, 15 February 2007 (UTC).

 * Fansites are generally not considered reliable sources. - Cyrus XIII 21:38, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Forgive me, I'm still quite new to Wikipedia. In any case, you'd think the record company might be a reliable source, wouldn't it?  Or do they not have an English version of the site?Secunda1 20:52, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, it is certainly reliable for neutral stuff like basic biographical data, release dates, announcements and such. If a record company told as though, a certain band was great, inspiring or influential, we should probably dismiss it as an obvious conflict of interest. Sorry for the late reply. - Cyrus XIII 16:00, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

90s My Life Returns
this isn't in the discography section. should it be under albums (since it is a rerelease of 90s my life) or complilations? - josifer

 * I see the problem. It's a little all-over the place, in terms of the release type, since it's a re-release of an EP, with additional tracks (= compilation?) which give it album length. I've just filed it under albums for now, without putting too much thought into it. - Cyrus XIII 17:05, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Genre Cleanse
Someone added reggae, which they clearly aren't. They may have been jazz once (haven't heard their old stuff) but they haven't been for fifteen years so there's no reason to have it there, and punk seemed like a stretch too (my understanding is that punk should never have more than three chords, while The Pillows are quite complicated musically.) If you can make a case for putting any of those back, by all means explain; I've never had the musical vocabulary to describe their sound at all. Doceirias 02:30, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Technically, Reggae is Nine Miles and Heart is there. They definitely had some sort of lounge sound early on, but they're practically a different band now (and with the swapping of members, a case could be made for that). Punk depends on your definition of punk -_ Phoeba WrightOBJECTION! 03:10, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I figured that's why Reggae got on there, but a solo album for one of the band's members doesn't really change the definition of the band itself. Doceirias 03:14, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Neither do I, like I said, the only reggae they've done is Heart is There, a cover of a Nine Miles song. You'd have an easier time classifying them as metal with Advice and Smile -- Phoeba WrightOBJECTION! 03:26, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Genre classification of current pillows : Rock Genre classification of pillows until 1997: light rock / jazz

 * Pillows before 1997...not notable. No reason to classify the genre. Doceirias 10:14, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Recent revert warring
C'mon guys, the article was tagged for its lack of references since January and there is only so much leniency you can expect from editors acting on behalf of Verifiability and Biographies of living persons. If you would like to put any of the previously removed content back into the article, follow Wikipedia guidelines and have that content come with reliable sources (see Reliable sources). - Cyrus XIII 14:12, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with Cyrus here. Sadly, we can't verify a lot of that, so it should be deleted. The best thing we could do is probably ask around pillows fan sites and see if anyone has Japanese magazines (be them about music or about anime- FLCL and that new one SCARECROW is in should have at least some comments on them) and see if anyone would be willing to help us use them as sources. --L-- 14:35, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * But that's an awful lot of information that's been removed guys. How are people (especially new editors) supposed to know what to source when it's no longer there? The removed information is neither harmful nor unbelievable. Policy calls for cleanup and speckling of lots of tags, not outright deletion of the information. Unless you honestly contest that nothing in that previous history section ever happened, it should be returned. Granted, pretty much every mention of what "fans think" should be removed, but the core information should remain.--SeizureDog 17:08, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * WP:EFFORT. And as was said below, we tried that, and nothing happened. If you want to improve what there was, copy that revision to a sandbox in your user space, and work on it there --L-- 20:20, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, I hereby contest all of it. No, seriously, there is a time for tagging uncited stuff, be it on a per-fact or article-wide basis, in order to attract attention to the issue and motivate regular and new editors to do something about it. But over half a year has passed and absolutely no effort was made into that direction.
 * To quote Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales: "There seems to be a terrible bias among some editors that some sort of random speculative 'I heard it somewhere' pseudo information is to be tagged with a 'needs a cite' tag. Wrong. It should be removed, aggressively, unless it can be sourced." (Verifiability)

 * Also, in my own experience, if a subject is notable enough to be covered by Wikipedia at length, sufficient sources are usually out there, just waiting to be found. The recent developments at the Mr. Children article are a good example for that. - Cyrus XIII 17:25, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I would like to point out that pretty much any time Jimmy is talking about Wiki articles, he's not really taking pop culture ones into account. His statement you quoted applies perfectly well for science or historical articles, but it's not so much applicable towards a band. --SeizureDog 20:07, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

WP:REF Dealing with citation problems

Unsourced material

If an article has no references, and you are unable to find them yourself, you can tag the article with the template, so long as the article is not nonsensical or a BLP, in which case request admin assistance. If a particular claim in an article lacks citation and is doubtful, consider placing after the sentence or removing it. Consider the following in deciding which action to take:

1. If it is doubtful but not harmful to the whole article or to Wikipedia, use the tag, but remember to go back and remove the claim if no source is produced within a reasonable time.

2. If it is doubtful and harmful, you should remove it from the article; you may want to move it to the talk page and ask for a source, unless you regard it as very harmful or absurd, in which case it should not be posted to a talk page either. Use your common sense.

All unsourced and poorly sourced contentious material about living persons should be removed from articles and talk pages immediately. It should not be tagged. See Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons and Wikipedia:Libel. <-- Basically, remove it if it is "harmful" "doubtful" "absurd", etc and use common sense. Denaar 22:38, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

 * So what would you do if I added "The Pillows were famous for providing the soundtracks to over a dozen anime, including FLCL, "? Or I said "In 1995, the pillows went on a trip around India" - it's not DOUBTFUL, it's just UNSOURCED. As it is, there was nothing in that article that was any more meaningful than drawing "the pillows" from column A and "did this" from column B- and nothing more provable --L-- 23:42, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It took all of 10 mins to find sources for this article - it's clear from when I started sourcing it that people HAD sources for everything - they just weren't listing them. It's unfortunate, but the rest of the article can be added back just by referencing . It is easier to add references than write a whole article from scratch. Denaar 00:05, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * How can a copy of an old revision of this very article be a source for itself? - Cyrus XIII 01:37, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I didn’t respond here because you cleaned up the article, and I had no protests against it – the flow of the article was improved. I approached the Pillows article in this manner: First I located sources that appear reliable, with a list of the most reliable ones at the top, ones that seem dubious or need research at the bottom.  Anime News Network seems the most reliable - therefore I started there. That was hard to use as a reference because everything was broken up into little bits and 2-second news flashes. Then I went with other sources I deemed "secondary reliability" to flesh it out.  I used the "bad source" only once at the end of my editing (not noticing the wiki tag at the bottom, it must be a really old edit because none of the language was the same as the current article, I did check that).  You can see from my partial edit that I reverted that this was the way I approached it.  You kept all the information I added, do you really disagree that the article is not better now than before I touched it?  I think a slightly badly written - but well researched article - is more valuable to wikipedia because then someone without any knowledge of the subject can copy edit it.  Frankly, I didn't have time to make it pretty and this article is updated so often that I knew the average fans would clean it up (I certainly didn't expect you to).  I am currently adding references to articles (Frankly, most magazine interviews are 95% not relevant to an encyclopedic article, so you can only take a fact here or a fact there.  At least those facts help establish the notability of the artist in question).  I also am being careful with what I find.  If the magazine says it is an accomplishment, I might include it.  But if a musician says they did the accomplishment, I won't include it (there may be other comments they make that are appropriate, but I won’t use self-referred things for “accomplishments that denote their notability”). My purpose is to prevent subjects from being deleted before they can be edited to perfection.  Part of the beauty of Wiki is that is a process, not an outcome.  As you can see on the Visual kei article, I am trying to negotiate with you, or find a common ground, while you only stick to one stance (with no references) and keep repeating it. Denaar 18:58, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

LITTLE BUSTERS hidden track...?
I just recieved my imported copy of LITTLE BUSTERS and it has what seems to be a secret track; LITTLE BUSTERS transitions into this mellow, atmospheric a capella version of itself. I am positive they are seperate tracks, it is called "LITTLE BUSTERS (Reply)", but it is not listed on Wikipedia, the pillows website, the Japanese Wikipedia, the album itself, or any other web sites with the pillows discography for that matter. So, should this track be included on the track listing, or does anyone else have something to say about the track? By the way, when you put in the CD their name comes up as "the pillows" not "The Pillows". I'm tired of the capatalization thing, their name is the pillows. Wonderwallmusic 00:55, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It's "the pillows" in Japanese, and "The Pillows" in English. Japanese are allowed to be funky with capitalization (and lack thereof) of English words in their language because it flows completely differently along kanji and kana. I don't get why this is so hard for people to understand.--SeizureDog 05:33, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
 * OK, you're right, but they are a Japanese band, so shouldn't their name be in it's original format? But who cares, that's just a rhetoric question. My real topic was the hidden track. Wonderwallmusic 00:55, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, even if they were an American group, we would not emulate the lowercase capitalization (beside mentioning it), see WP:MOS-TM and WP:MUSTARD. - Cyrus XIII 02:49, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
 * And "the pillows" probably is not trademarked, right? I mean they are just a band. Anyway, I am sorry if I came across mad or frustrated with the "I'm tired of the..." line, I do not really care if the name cannot just be simply changed, so keep it whatever way is correct I guess. I do not mind. Wonderwallmusic 00:55, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

WHY A NEW ARTICLE?
I really liked the old article, what happened? it had a lot more information... for example the history of the band, the explanation of the band name... i don't really like the new article, please improve it... i don¡t want to sound so rude but i don't understand the change. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.231.160.62 (talk) 10:43, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The old article contained no sources, and nobody ever found any sources for it. It also contained a great deal of opinion on the part of whoever wrote it. It became obvious after a while that it was never going to be trimmed down to something acceptable, so it was decided that it would be much easier to cut it down to the sourced statements and build up from there. If you have sources for any of that information, feel free to add it back in. Doceirias 20:19, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

White Summer and Green Bicycle, Red Hair with Black Guitar.
I'm kinda working on this article in a possible attempt to bring it up to GA class. Just bringing it up in case anyone else wants to help out.--SeizureDog (talk) 19:52, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Logo
There has been some back-and-forth on the logo issue, and I'll admit it's mostly coming from my end. I'll explain my reasoning here. There's been a heckuva long and rather contentious discussion at Template_talk:Infobox_Musical_artist about the inclusion of logos in articles about musical acts, and though there is still a lot of divisiveness on the issue there are certain valid points, and even some consensus, that has come out of it. What I'm concerned with here is mainly the fact that logos don't belong in infoboxes of articles about musicians. The purpose of the "name" field of the infobox is for a free or fair use picture of the artist, not their logo. In fact, Template:Infobox Musical artist states that the purpose of the field is for "an image of the act (my emphasis), sufficiently clear for display at 220 pixels' width." If a comprehensive, free photo of the band is unavailable, then you can make the case for a fair-use photo in its place. That's one of the reasons that fair-use policies exist, for those situations. Further to that, there is the question of what exactly constitutes a "logo" in terms of a musical act, and to what degree a logo may or may not be notable. The general consensus seems to be that if the logo is notable, and verifiable, then the proper place for it is in the article body alongside a referenced discussion of its significance. This allows the image to add some meaningful informational content to the article, rather than just serving as decoration. Without critical commentary then it is likely that the use of the image fails WP:NONFREE and that the logo probably isn't notable. Note that it is at best unclear whether the provisions of WP:LOGOS (which allows logos to be used in most cases strictly for identification) applies to the logos of musical acts. WP:NONFREE (of which WP:LOGOS is a subset) only specifies that "Team and corporate (my emphasis) logos [may be used] for identification." In an article about a musical act, a logo is at best a secondary form of identification because we already have the name of the act in plain text and a field for a free or fair-use image of the act. Basically what I'm saying is that if the Pillows logo is in fact notable, then it should be in the article body with some type of referenced discussion of its significance (ie. Who designed it? In what context is it used? Does it have some symbolic meaning? Does it have any cultural, historical, or artistic significance?). Obviously this is too much to cram into the infobox. If there is nothing to say about it other than "it's their logo," then it's probably non-notable and therefore fails fair-use criteria. As a temporary compromise I've moved it into the article body, where hopefully some meaningful commentary can develop around it. --IllaZilla (talk) 22:29, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Shinichirou Sato
Why no article for Sato? (Momus (talk) 17:34, 17 August 2008 (UTC))
 * Because you haven't written it yet? See WP:Who writes Wikipedia for details. Especially if you're that Momus: he can definitely write... ;) -- Quiddity 18:24, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

2005 US Tour
I wanted to update this article to include other locations for the US 2005 tour (I know they were in Seattle, I was there :)), but I can't find any sources to cite other than a forum post from around that time: http://www.hongfire.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-18371.html. Not wanting to replace sourced info with unsourced, I thought I'd add this note in case anyone is able to find a good source for this. Pruwyben (talk) 02:39, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Videos & 1989, etc
1989 not listed as single, collab with puffy amiyumi instrumental segment on honeycreeper for song sayonara summer, sawao's 2010 solo album, and 2012 tour? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sagasuki (talk • contribs) 18:59, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:52, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Manabe, Yoshiaki.jpg

title: Talk:The Pillows


text:
List of subcamps of Buchenwald

The following is a list of the forced labor subcamps of the Nazi Buchenwald concentration camp.

title: List of subcamps of Buchenwald


text:
List of subcamps of Auschwitz

The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was a system of concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, abbreviated as either KL or KZ) run by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland from 1940 to 1945. The main camp (German: Stammlager) was Auschwitz I. Auschwitz II, or Birkenau, was a concentration and extermination camp, and became the most notorious of the camps. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was a labour camp.

In addition to the three largest camps, Auschwitz consisted of several subcamps. The satellite camps were named Aussenlager (external camp), Nebenlager (extension or subcamp), and Arbeitslager (labour camp). Several lay within 10 km of the main camp, with prisoner populations ranging from dozens to several thousand.

Administration
As the size and purpose of Auschwitz changed during World War II, its structure and chain of command changed too. From 1940 to late 1943, Auschwitz I was the Stammlager and the other camps were subordinate to it. In November 1943 Birkenau and Monowitz became independent camps with their own commandants, although the commandant of Auschwitz I remained the senior officer. Auschwitz I and Birkenau were placed back under one command in November 1944, and Auschwitz III was named Monowitz.

Commandants

 * Auschwitz I: Rudolf Höss (May 1940 – November 1943), Arthur Liebehenschel from (November 1943 – May 1944), Richard Baer (May 1944 – 27 January 1945)
 * Birkenau: Fritz Hartjenstein (November 1943 – May 1944), Josef Kramer (May 1944 – November 1944). Other: Johann Schwarzhuber (overseer, men's camp, November 1943 – November 1944)
 * Monowitz: Heinrich Schwarz (November 1943 – January 1945)

Subcamps
The known subcamps of the Auschwitz complex included:

title: List of subcamps of Auschwitz


text:
Jus

Jus or JUS may refer to:

Language

 * Jussive mood, in grammar
 * Yus, two early Cyrillic letters
 * Jumla Sign Language, of Nepal (ISO 639-3: )

Law

 * Jus (law), a right afforded to ancient Romans
 * Jus (canon law), a Roman Catholic custom

Technologies

 * Japan-US (cable system), a sub-marine telecommunications cable
 * Jupiter Upper Stage, a NASA launch vehicle proposal

Other uses

 * Jus Reservoir, Malacca, Malaysia
 * USA Jet Airlines, a cargo carrier (IATA: )

People with the given name Jus

 * Juš Kozak (1892–1964), Slovenian writer
 * Juš Milčinski, Slovenian theatre improviser
 * Jus Oborn (born 1971), British heavy metal musician

title: Jus


text:
Night of the Big Wind

The Night of the Big Wind (Oíche na Gaoithe Móire) was a powerful European windstorm that swept across what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, beginning on the afternoon of 6 January 1839, causing severe damage to property and several hundred deaths. 20 to 25% of houses in north Dublin were damaged or destroyed, and 42 ships were wrecked. The storm attained a very low barometric pressure of 918 hPa and tracked eastwards to the north of Ireland, with gusts of over 100 kn before moving across the north of England to continental Europe, where it eventually dissipated. At the time, it was the worst storm to hit Ireland for 300 years. Liverpool also suffered severely, with many shipwrecks and much structural damage. 120 people died as a result of such accidents in the city alone. Two major shipwrecks resulted in damage of at least £500,000,.

Meteorological situation
The storm developed after a period of unusual weather. Heavy snow, rare in Ireland, fell across the country on the night of 5 January, which was replaced on the morning of 6 January by an Atlantic warm front, which brought a period of complete calm with dense, motionless, cloud cover. Through the day, temperatures rose well above their seasonal average, resulting in rapid melting of the snow.

Later on 6 January, a deep Atlantic depression began to move towards Ireland, forming a cold front when it collided with the warm air over land, bringing strong winds and heavy rain. First reports of stormy weather came from western County Mayo around noon, and the storm moved very slowly across the island through the day, gathering strength as it moved. By midnight the winds reached hurricane force.

Damage
Contemporary accounts of damage indicate that the Night of the Big Wind was the most severe storm to affect Ireland for many centuries. It is estimated that between 250 and 300 people lost their lives in the storm. Severe property damage was caused, particularly in Connacht, but also in Ulster and northern Leinster. Between a fifth and a quarter of all houses in Dublin suffered damage ranging from broken windows to complete destruction. Much of the inland damage was caused by a storm surge that drew large quantities of sea water inland, resulting in widespread flooding.

Even well-built buildings suffered structural damage, including new factories and military barracks. The newly constructed St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Derrytrasna was completely destroyed; one of the steeples of the Church of Ireland church in Castlebar was blown down, and a number of large country houses were unroofed. Among the poorly built homes of the poor, damage was more severe and many were completely destroyed. A total of 42 ships, most along the less sheltered west coast, were wrecked while unsuccessfully trying to ride out the storm: a majority of the recorded casualties occurred at sea.

Stacks of hay and corn were widely destroyed, resulting in severe starvation among livestock in the following months.

Legacy
The Night of the Big Wind became part of Irish folk tradition. Irish folklore held that Judgment Day would occur on the Feast of the Epiphany, 6 January. Such a severe storm led many to believe that the end of the world was at hand.

The Old Age Pensions Act 1908 introduced pensions for over-70s, but many Irish Catholics prior to the Registration of Births and Deaths (Ireland) Act 1863 had no birth registration. One of the questions used to establish proof of age was whether the applicant remembered the Night of the Big Wind.

Related writing
Irish language poems about the event include "Oíche na Gaoithe Móire" by Micheál de Búrc (c.1800–1881) and "Oíche Nollaig na mBan" by Seán Ó Ríordáin (1916–1977). The latter's title means "Night of Women's Christmas"; Women's Christmas is observed in Ireland on the feast of the Epiphany (6 January). The first verse describes a storm on that date (5 January) while the second recounts the poet's desire that his eventual death should coincide with a similar storm. Also Frank Dullaghan's poem "OÍCHE NA GAOITHE MÓIRE" published in "Rattle #79" Spring 2023.

title: Night of the Big Wind


text: Talk:Ilyushin Il-96

title: Talk:Ilyushin Il-96