text:
User:Dwindrim~enwiki/2004 February Archive

MY PERSONAL SANDBOX
 Invited Guests Only  Please do not poop in the sand.

User:Dwindrim/Testaroonies!!!

HELLO, VISITOR
Please click here to post a new message.

I added you to the list of Advocates at Association of Members' Advocates. --Michael Snow 01:06, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

In case your interested (you seem to be) I am deeply in favour of animal rights, am a believer in the souls of animals (and reincarnation, for that matter). I simply oppose the intellectual dishonesty/doublespeak of political correctness. I do find political correctness a laughing matter, in any and everyplace it rears its facist head. Such anti-intellectualism certainly has no place here. Sam Spade 23:58, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

The ink isn't even dry on Celtiberians! I've been sweating it out for the past hour. Thanks! Wetman 05:01, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi, thanks for your message and welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed you added drug addiction to VfD. You may want to reconsider this listing as I have now redirected the article to addiction. Angela. 02:20, Feb 16, 2004 (UTC)

FROM OTHER TALK PAGES
..from Wikipedia_talk:Votes_for_deletion

I believe you have identified the crux of the issue, Angela, when you say that this is a discussion about pages to be discussed pending possible deletion. A quick acronymity brings us to P2BDPPD, which is not only short 'n' snappy, but trendy too, and even if it does bear some resemblance to a Bronx cheer, that may remind us all not to take this too seriously.

Okay, I'll be good now. I see a couple of ways of dealing with this. One is to recognise that what Wiki is really doing here is putting an article on trial, with sysops acting as jury. The rest of us know we will be allowed our two cents worth, euro or othewise, for either the prosecution or the defense, but we also know we know we have no vote. And while people might not be willing to get up from in front of their computers to visit "Proposed Suggestions for Possible Deletion, Maybe," they'd be in like a dirty shirt for "Pages on Trial." (And PoT might be a secret draw for some...)

Alternatively, Wiki already has a polling mechanism in place, and no one seriously expects their input to be anything more than, well, input. As the page header says, "Polls are not the same as voting, so the results are not necessarily binding (this is especially true when the result is not a supermajority - at least 75%). However polls are often useful in the process of consensus finding when regular discussion is no longer able to make clear what the opinions of users are." Therefore, the sysops may still conduct their business without feeling "voting pressure."

Hope this helps. Denni 04:44, 2004 Feb 17 (UTC)

THE DARK SIDE OF WIKI
..from Talk:Drug addiction

from vfd end of VfD discussion --- continuing discussion here, (redirect or not)
 * Drug addiction - content manually merged with Addiction Denni 23:36, 2004 Feb 15 (UTC)
 * Redirected. Angela. 02:20, Feb 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as separate article. Anthony DiPierro 02:52, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Preferably separate article, if not then redirect. Saul Taylor 03:53, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm retracting the request for VfD. Thanks for the redirect, Angela. Denni 06:02, 2004 Feb 16 (UTC)
 * Redirect, should be sufficiently covered in Addiction --Dittaeva 10:45, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Anthony wrote in his edit comment:

 * This is a large page on a separate topic: much more than just a redirect

How is drug addiction separate from addiction? It appears to me that it is a subset thereof and that it would therefore be entirely appropriate to redirect to the addiction article, where the material in this one is already covered. In any case, for a multitude of reasons, massive redundancy like in the current arrangement is unacceptable.—Eloquence 06:15, Feb 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not all the material from this page is contained in the current addiction page. Anthony DiPierro

 * Then why don't you move over the material which you think is missing?—Eloquence

 * Because there's enough here for a separate article. Why don't you delete the material you feel is redundant? Anthony DiPierro 00:51, 18 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * If you could help me understand why this is an issue for you, Anthony, I might have some ideas and suggestions as to where to take this from here. As I look at drug addiction right now, it seems to me to be dead in the water under that title. I also see that there are already lengthy articles on prohibition and the War on drugs. In all seriousness, what is there left that would constitute more than a stub? Denni 17:47, 2004 Feb 18 (UTC)

 * Are you saying it is only a stub now? What are the parts you want to remove? Anthony DiPierro 17:52, 18 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * If you reread what I've said, you'll note that I did not say it was currently a stub. I said it would be a stub if the content already addressed in addiction were removed. I'm not suggesting anything be removed. I believe that drug addiction is properly a subset of a discussion of addiction in general, and hence a page related to drug addiction ought to be directed to addiction unless there is good reason not to. From my perspective, the only thing currently in the drug addiction article that is not in the addiction article is a discussion of the neurochemical processes involved in addiction. If you wish to tackle that, feel free. If not, I have information relating to how different classes of addictive substances affect brain chemistry. In either case, I would far rather be working on that than spending my time barking up a tree here. Denni 20:01, 2004 Feb 18 (UTC)

 * I took the duplicate content out of addiction.  Problem solved. Anthony DiPierro 20:18, 18 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, Anthony - problem =not= solved. First, you did more than remove duplicate content. You also removed content unique to the article on addiction. Second, despite my rather lengthy response to your concerns as stated above, you have refused to engage in anything remotely resembling debate. Third, while the list of contributors to this discussion is admittedly limited, you remain the only party who insists that drug addiction needs to be treated as an article separate from addiction. Fourth, there has been altogether too much bad behavior here as far as revert wars goes, and I will not be a party to it. I had hoped that this could have been discussed over a cup of eCoffee, but that appears to be not the case, so I will take my case elsewhere. Denni 21:59, 2004 Feb 18 (UTC)

When I merged the two, I attempted to carry over as much of value as possible. I did not include the section on the War on Drugs because it seems to be a peculiarly American obsession, and the Classes of Drugs is maintained both with a link to the DEA site and with a regularly updated (and searchable) list at www.streetdrugs.com. I also have difficulty with both the tentative tone ("appears to", "perceived") of the first two paragraphs, and the characterization of addiction as a 'habit,' which it most emphatically is not. In all, it was simply easier to merge the two articles than to correct drug addiction (and be left with two articles which essentially covered the same ground). Denni 06:41, 2004 Feb 16 (UTC)

--Drug addiction should be kept as a page separate from addiction--

 * Drug addiction is a huge topic worthy of its own article.
 * There are 945,000 google hits for the term "drug addiction."
 * There are 35 articles which link directly to drug addiction, and 3 redirects, with 38 additional pages linking through those redirects.
 * The article is several screens long and is much more than just a stub.
 * There is a lot of room for improvement and additions to this article, which is far from dead in the water.
 * The rule of thumb for combining pages is for pages which have remained less than 1K for several months (see Page size). This page is currently 2.5K.
 * Any issues of redundancy with addiction can be resolved by removing that redudancy from addiction.
 * The article does not substantially duplicate material in prohibition.
 * The war on drugs section has been reduced to a single sentence.

Please add any counterpoints to a separate section. This list is subject to modification.

--Drug addiction is addiction--
 * There are five million Google hits for "addiction"
 * A redirect page never stopped anyone from getting where they wanted to go
 * The article would be much shorter if it didn't have over fourty drugs listed, each on its own line, essentially duplicating what is on the both external links. Most of the 35 links to this article are from those pages.
 * Of course there is room for improvement in this article. There is room in any article.
 * If the rule of thumb is that small pages be combined, then logic dictates that specific pages be grouped into more general ones. One does not place an article on dogs into a page on Dalmations in order to promote efficient use of space.
 * Same - any issue of redundency in articles on 'dogs' and 'Dalmations' can be resolved by removing the redundency from 'dogs'? You think?
 * "The article does not substantially duplicate material in prohibition." This is a good thing, considering that drug addiction and prohibition have a whole lot of not much in common.
 * "The war on drugs section has been reduced to a single sentence." Acceptable. Given that this is an article on addiction, not on regulation or treatment or any other issue not directly related to use, this ought to be added as a "see also," but I can live with it.

..submitted to Angela..

Want to avoid revert war

Hi Angela -

I'd appreciate it if you could stop by Talk:Drug addiction and do a quick read of the conversation (if that description applies) between Anthony DiPierro and myself. The addiction page contains no reference to drug addictions at all now except for a link to drug addiction, and a valuable external link is gone. I hope you can appreciate my dismay. I'd like your perspective as a neutral party - if I'm out of line, I certainly want to know.

I have no wish to take on a revert war. It is not good for the blood pressure, it is not fair to other sysops, and it is a thorough waste of time when I could be working on other articles. I'm here to learn, to teach, to have fun - not to play childish games.

Thanks for letting me vent.

Denni 22:10, 2004 Feb 18 (UTC)

 * I'm not ignoring the above request. I'm just not online for very long today. I will have a look when I'm back tomorrow if it is still unresolved by then. Angela. 23:44, Feb 18, 2004 (UTC)

--(in the meantime...)--

--Drug Addiction--

Let me know when you're done your major edits to drug addiction. I thought you were done but apparently you weren't. Also, your merge was quite inadequate, I assume you're addressing that. Anthony DiPierro 21:40, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

..My response..

--Drug addiction--

I'd like to say I'm finished revising, but as we both know, an editor's work is never done.

"Also, your merge was quite inadequate," Thanks, Anthony - that's very helpful criticism. My merging skills will improve with time. I hope your social skills do too. Denni

--drug abuse--

What's "depite" mean? Why did you revert all my edits? Anthony DiPierro 22:09, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

..My response..

--Depite--

Shorthand for 'despite.' Used when one is trying to get something done hastily, feeling that someone else is working to undercut them.

I didn't revert anything. All changes were typed in by hand with no reference to previous contents.

Denni

--drug addiction--

I'll ask again, then. Let me know when you're done so I can fix your spelling and grammar without being reverted. Anthony DiPierro 22:31, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

..My response..

--Drug addiction--

I'm finished for now. If you can find grammatical errors, more power to you. I removed the sentence on the war on drugs in haste; please see my comments on the talk page.

I feel quite silly that we have to squabble about a worthwhile article. Whether it is a stand-alone or part of a broader article on addiction is secondary to whether it is informative, well-written, and capable of assisting someone who is looking for timely, accurate information. I'm prepared to leave this issue alone for a while if you are.

Denni 22:55, 2004 Feb 19 (UTC)

--Angela's response--

 * Am I right to assume that your last comment "Agreed. I'm happy with the article as it stands now, and have no problem with removing the request to redirect." means the dispute is over? If not, let me know if you still need me to help with anything. Angela. 07:00, Feb 20, 2004 (UTC)

---

''Am I right to assume that your last comment "Agreed. I'm happy with the article as it stands now, and have no problem with removing the request to redirect." means the dispute is over? If not, let me know if you still need me to help with anything. Angela. 07:00, Feb 20, 2004 (UTC)''

 * Thanks for getting back, Angela. I can only speak from my perspective. If M. DiPierro insists that there be a separate article on drug addiction, and it is well-written and comprehensive, then let's make sure it is. I therefore took the time to add some value to the article, in such a way that including it as a section in addiction would have unbalanced that article and required it to be rewritten. I am satisfied that the drug addiction article now has some value beyond repeating what was on the addiction page. Not having heard from AP, I cannnot say if he wishes to continue the dispute or not. If he does, he will have to find a mirror to do so.

Thanks also for your offer of help - you just did. I've been wondering how to create archive pages, and wanting to set up a clipping section. I went to your useful stuff section - question answered.

Just one question: in reading through one of the special pages, I noted a user who had found himself in trouble for, it appeared, changing/deleting information on his own userpage. Did I misinterpret, or are there really guidlines (beyond the obvious) for userpages?

''Angela is a 26 year old sysop from England who avoids Wikistress by doing Wikipedia maintenance tasks. She has been accused of being a wikipediholic, a deletionist, a vandal, a problem user and a Perl script!''

 * I just looked at 10000. You ARE the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll! I therefore accuse you of being a Hun and a Visigoth, so now you can call your set complete :)

--- ''Just one question: in reading through one of the special pages, I noted a user who had found himself in trouble for, it appeared, changing/deleting information on his own userpage. Did I misinterpret, or are there really guidlines (beyond the obvious) for userpages?''

That is always a really hard question. There are no agreed guidelines really, apart from the one that says Wikipedia is not a personal homepage. As long as you aren't using your user page, or subpages of it, for things that really ought to be on a separate website, you should be ok. As an example User:Sterlingda/Free Energy is not acceptable, and pages like this will be deleted eventually. I'm guessing the case you read about was User:BuddhaInside. The issue there was that he refused to listen to complaints about the way he kept blanking his pages. It was like he was doing it to prove some point and continued to do it relentlessly. More recently, there was the case of User:Mr Natural Health, who raised concerns about editing his own user pages when people were posting complaints there and they felt others should be able to see those. For user who generally behave well though, people don't mind too much what they do with their user and talk page. user page, and its talk page, might give you some more information, but the page isn't very well developed yet as there is no policy as such. Angela. 01:33, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)

Per your request, I've made some edits at Totalitarian democracy, hope you'll accept them a friendly, if not, get hold of me. I'm not familiar with the book that you say first put forward the term, so I might go astray. I'm coming into the article as a pretty pure "editor", not an originator of factual research. I do think the article as it stands is (very) POV. I've put a detailed critique in the talk page. Hope you'll find it useful. No need for you to answer me point by point, unless you disagree. If you agree, just get in there and edit the article! -- Jmabel 06:43, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Cleanup
Hi, I'm not completely sure what you are referring to, but there has always been a policy, or guideline at least, that comments on Cleanup should be very short. Generally they are not signed either, and they are never meant to include timestamps, so if someone is editing those out, then that is probably explained at Cleanup process. If that's not what you meant, let me know. Angela. 08:12, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)

Concerning your images
I see that you license your images like this: "©2004 DWindrim Permission granted for non-commercial use providing credit given"

This is incompatible with the GNUFL, and as such the images can't be used by Wikipedia. Could you please replace it with something like: "©2004 DWindrim licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License" See Fair use and Copyrights for more info.

I would consider it a great loss if you choose not to license them under GNUFDL as I find some of them quite useful to the articles.

Also the new Atmospheric circulation (and the old one too) image is black on my screen, the NO TEXT version is not. --Dittaeva 13:15, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you for following my advice about GFDL despite your concerns.--Dittaeva 11:59, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Very good comment
I just wanted to say that I read your comment on the AMA membership list and your frank statement really does make me feel that starting the Association was a good thing. The expression of your spirit of cooperation that is needed here and underscoring the need to try and prevent people from running away from this project (as I almost did recently) is admirable. As everything here is structured it is hard to make a voluntary association work that isn't tied into editing pages, but I think there is a real need for conciliation and communication between editors who have differing points of view about content or about how Wikipedia should operate. Hopefully the AMA can assist that process of growth and help prevent Wikipedia from getting to bogged down in bureaucratic structure and rule based entitlements. If you ever need any help as an advocate, don't hesitate to contact me. Yours, [[User:Alex756|— Alex756 talk]]

I think you might have left a message on my talk page that was meant to go elsewhere?? Angela. 21:53, Mar 2, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Online encyclopedia

The Global Encyclopedia
I was looking at an old version of my home page, something I had maintained between 1996-1999, and saw that I had written this "The Global Encyclopedia. Which is the only free encyclopedia in the world." and provided a hyperlink to http://204.32.221.16/. I can't recall anything about this internet encyclopedia any longer, but given my time of writing this, it would have been a fairly early effort, potentially worth listing in this article, if information from a reliable source could be found. Can anyone locate information about this? Brianwc (talk) 13:50, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Just when I was ready to give up, I may have answered my own question. An article from 1995 discusses the Global Encyclopedia at length, in a highly critical manner, in what would now be seen as the same objections Wikipedia faced in its early days (and sometimes still faces?). James Rettig, "Putting the Squeeze on the Information Firehose: The Need for 'Neteditors and 'Netreviewers" 15th Annual Charleston Conference on Library Acquisitions (Nov. 3, 1995). The date of this article demonstrates just how early the "Global Encyclopedia" effort must have been. Additional sources should be sought and then perhaps a short summary could be added to this article. Brianwc (talk) 14:07, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

Thank you honorable "Briawc" to create digital text of improved curriculums which is extensive,hyperlinked 'index'to that case book,pointing to page headers or in Wikipedia.Perhaps one part of Wikipedia is  editorialized or conversion of encyclopedia.Pardon me.Thank you. Nighat Sultana (talk) 11:15, 15 March 2020 (UTC)

laptopspedia.com
laptopspedia.com looks like a dead link. Elfalem (talk) 00:44, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

Article lead not very comprehensive
The lead for Internet encyclopedia seems to leave off with an overview of a 1993 project that eventually failed. I think it be appropriate to describe what happened to internet encyclopedias since. Something like: 'Since the project, internet encyclopedias have substantially grown in accessibility (or popularity).' FactoidDroid (talk) 22:40, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

That's a good idea. Palindrome2788 (talk) 04:26, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 24 April 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Cúchullain t/ c 16:02, 12 May 2015 (UTC)

– as per WP:UCRN as demonstrated by Trend use of search terms and Ngrams. --Relisted. George Ho (talk) 17:27, 1 May 2015 (UTC) GregKaye 16:02, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Internet encyclopedia → Online encyclopedia
 * List of Internet encyclopedias → List of online encyclopedias
 * Support It's a series of tubes. Randy Kryn 19:10, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose "online" has several different meanings, being on the internet is just one of them. -- 65.94.43.89 (talk) 03:33, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
 * 65.94.43.89 Which definitions of "online"/"online encyclopedia" do you think would cause confusion?
 * While I think it may be fair to comment that "Internet encyclopedia" would be widely interpreted as being descriptive of an "Internet-based encyclopedia" I think that it also fair to comment that this term is also ambiguous.
 * For instance there is a three volume, very physical book set "The Internet Encyclopedia" which follows the same format of titling as A Native American Encyclopedia..., J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia..., The Freud Encyclopedia... and Body Encyclopedia amongst others.
 * Online is an adjective. Internet is a typically used as a noun.  GregKaye 08:30, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

 * First off, lol at the idea that this is somehow less precise. L. O. L. Support as proposed. Red Slash 05:52, 26 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I have no objection to the move, although this broadens the scope. An "online encyclopedia" merely needs to be hosted on a computer (network); there could be private online encyclopedias hosted on private networks; information services such as CompuServe hosted encyclopedias (primitive compared to this one) back in the day. Wbm1058 (talk) 02:51, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * That's why you get movement on the Ngram starting around 1980. People weren't using the Internet in the 1980s to access those online encyclopedias. Wbm1058 (talk) 02:55, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

duplicating list?
It looks like this list duplicates a lot of list of Internet encyclopedias while also linking to it. What is the basis for including some but not others? I see there's a section for "current" and one for those "no longer online", which would seem to be inclusive of everything. Any reason not to remove the list and leave the Main template? —  Rhododendrites talk  \\ 16:12, 24 May 2015 (UTC)
 * ✅ Merged one to the list article and removed as redundant. —  Rhododendrites talk  \\ 22:28, 30 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Online encyclopedia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070714083850/http://1911encyclopedia.org/ to http://1911encyclopedia.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20030803070823/http://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/ to http://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20020205073950/http://www.bartleby.com/65/ to http://www.bartleby.com/65/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:11, 3 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I added correspondig titles to the references instead of the same 'Archived copy' title found before my edit. Thanks! --Naeem2017 (talk) 20:11, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

No mention of Wikipedia
I find it very amusing that no mention of Wikipedia, surely the most extensive and comprehensive online encyclopedia in the world, has no information about itself in its own article on the subject. Teratix (talk) 04:05, 8 May 2018 (UTC)
 * An editor removed Wikipedia with a misleading edit summary.[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Online_encyclopedia&type=revision&diff=823005700&oldid=820699858] I have reverted it. PrimeHunter (talk) 10:37, 8 May 2018 (UTC)

Request for page protection
I request that this page be placed under semi-protection because it is being vandalised by people continuously. Muslim789 (talk) 07:11, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Online encyclopedia


text:
Blue monkey

The blue monkey or diademed monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) is a species of Old World monkey native to Central and East Africa, ranging from the upper Congo River basin east to the East African Rift and south to northern Angola and Zambia. It sometimes includes Sykes', silver, and golden monkeys as subspecies.

Subspecies
Several subspecies are recognised: At times, some of these have been regarded as full species, and additional subspecies have been considered valid, while others are not recognized by all authorities.
 * Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii – Boutourlini's blue monkey, found in Western Ethiopia
 * Cercopithecus mitis elgonis – Elgon blue monkey
 * Cercopithecus mitis heymansi – Lomami River blue monkey, found in Congo
 * Cercopithecus mitis kolbi – Kolb's monkey, found in Kenya
 * Cercopithecus mitis mitis – Pluto monkey, found in Angola
 * Cercopithecus mitis moloneyi – Moloney's blue monkey
 * Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus
 * Cercopithecus mitis schoutedeni – Schouteden's blue monkey, found in Congo
 * Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni – Stuhlmann's blue monkey

Description
Despite its name, the blue monkey is not noticeably blue; it has little hair on its face, and this does sometimes give a blue appearance, but it never has the vivid blue appearance of a mandrill, for example. It is mainly olive or grey apart from the face (which is dark with a pale or yellowish patch on the forehead – the "diadem" from which the species derives its common name), the blackish cap, feet, and front legs, and the mantle, which is brown, olive, or grey depending on the subspecies. Typical sizes range from 50 to 65 cm in length, (not including the tail, which is almost as long as the rest of the animal), with females weighing a little over 4 kg and males up to 8 kg.

Habitat
The blue monkey is found in evergreen forests and montane bamboo forests, and lives largely in the forest canopy, coming to the ground infrequently. It is very dependent on humid, shady areas with plenty of water. It eats mainly fruit and leaves, but will take some slower-moving invertebrates. It prefers to live in tall trees, which provide both food and shelter, and is, therefore, like almost all guenons, suffering from the loss of its natural habitat. Where pine plantations replace natural forest, the monkey may be treated as a threat by foresters, since it sometimes strips bark from exotic trees in a search for food or moisture. It is also hunted for bushmeat.

Diet
Blue monkeys eat fruits, figs, insects, leaves, twigs, and flowers. "They are primarily frugivores, with 50% of their diet consisting of fruit, with leaves or insects as their main source of protein, with the rest of the diet being made up of seeds, flowers, and fungi. They rarely eat vertebrates. They eat a variety of plants, but concentrate on a few species, which means their population density is generally dependent on plant species' richness and diversity".

Behavior
Cercopithecus mitis joins with the C. ascanius (red-tailed monkey) for extra protection. Its interactions with red-tailed monkeys include interspecies grooming. Their social system is mainly female because the males leave once they are mature. The males have little to no interaction with the young. C. mitis is very territorial, so the young males must leave quickly to help themselves become more successful. They challenge the dominant male of another family. If they defeat the dominant male, they take over the leadership of that family, and this offers a place to live, socialization, and food supplies for the young males." C. mitis is said to be nomadic.

Social structure
The blue monkeys live in female-philopatric social systems where females stay in their natal groups, while males disperse once they reach adulthood. As a result, blue monkey groups usually consist of one male with several females and infants, giving rise to matrilinear societies. Occasionally, solitary males are observed, which are probably transient, having left their natal group in search of a new group.

Social relationships
In these female-bonded societies, only 5–15% of monkeys' activity budget is occupied by social interactions and the most common social interactions within a group are grooming and playing. Relationships between group members vary: infants interact most frequently with their peers and adult or juvenile females and are rarely seen near adult males.

Alloparenting is common among blue monkeys. The most common infant handlers are juvenile females, and usually one infant is carried by a number of alloparents. One hypothesis is that this allows the infant to learn to socialise at an early stage in life.

Interesting female-female relationships exist among blue monkeys. This relationship is believed to be shaped by their feeding ecology, which, in turn, is shaped by between-group and within-group competition. Blue monkey females exhibit strong, aggressive competition between groups  and between other species because of their territorial character,  but milder though more frequent competition within groups. Though earlier beliefs were that blue monkeys are not territorial, more current extended research shows that earlier researchers misinterpreted the results because social interactions overall are infrequent. Moreover, overall agonism rates in blue monkeys are very low. Within-group conflicts are mild and infrequent because females distance themselves from one another and feed at different sites to avoid competition. Although blue monkeys were believed to be egalitarian, current extended research confirms that linear dominance hierarchy occurs in female blue monkeys, which becomes more apparent when food resources are scarce.

Reproduction
The mating system is polygynous, with a corresponding sexual dimorphism in size, as the males are the substantially larger sex. Females normally give birth every two years, during the onset of the warm, rainy season; gestation is around five months, and the infants are born with fur and with their eyes open. Group sizes range from 10 to 40, containing only a single adult male. It is often found in groups with other species of monkeys such as the red-tailed monkey and various red colobus monkeys.

C. mitis males mate with more than one female, but the females only mate with one male. The female attracts males to copulate with her through body language. They breed throughout the year. "The groups can have up to 40 members and the females usually help to care for all of the young, not just their own."

title: Blue monkey


text:
User talk:Danarjordan

Are you planning on using Image:Rubb.jpg in an article? RickK 02:44, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Danarjordan


text:
John Wooden

John Robert Wooden (October 14, 1910 – June 4, 2010) was an American basketball coach and player. Nicknamed "the Wizard of Westwood", he won ten National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) national championships in a 12-year period as head coach for the UCLA Bruins, including a record seven in a row. No other team has won more than four in a row in Division I college men's or women's basketball. Within this period, his teams won an NCAA men's basketball record 88 consecutive games. Wooden won the prestigious Henry Iba Award as national coach of the year a record seven times and won the Associated Press award five times.

As a 5 ft guard with the Purdue Boilermakers, Wooden was the first college basketball player to be named an All-American three times, and the 1932 Purdue team on which he played as a senior was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA tournament national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. He played professionally in the National Basketball League (NBL). Wooden was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player (1960) and as a coach (1973), the first person ever enshrined in both categories.

One of the most revered coaches in the history of sports, Wooden was beloved by his former players, among them Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) and Bill Walton. Wooden was renowned for his short, simple inspirational messages to his players (including his "Pyramid of Success") many of which were directed at how to be a success in life as well as in basketball. Wooden's 29-year coaching career and overwhelming critical acclaim for his leadership have created a legacy not only in sports but also extending to business, personal success, and organizational leadership.

Early life and playing career
John Robert Wooden was born on October 14, 1910, in Hall, Indiana, the son of Roxie (1887–1959) and Joshua Wooden (1882–1950), and moved with his family to a small farm in Centerton in 1918. He had three brothers: Maurice, Daniel, and William, and two sisters, one (unnamed) who died in infancy, and another, Harriet Cordelia, who died from diphtheria at the age of two.

When he was a boy, Wooden's role model was Fuzzy Vandivier of the Franklin Wonder Five, a legendary team that dominated Indiana high school basketball from 1919 to 1922. After his family moved to the town of Martinsville when he was 14, Wooden led his high school team to a state tournament title in 1927. He was a three-time All-State selection. After graduating from high school in 1928, he attended Purdue University and was coached by Ward "Piggy" Lambert. The 1932 Purdue team on which he played as a senior was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA tournament national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Poretta Power Poll. John Wooden was named All-Big Ten and All-Midwestern (1930–32) while at Purdue, and he was the first player ever to be named a three-time consensus All-American. In 1932, he was awarded the Big Ten Medal of Honor, recognizing one student athlete from the graduating class of each Big Ten member school, for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout their college career. He was also selected for membership in the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Wooden is also an honorary member of Alpha Phi Omega National Service Fraternity. Wooden was nicknamed "The Indiana Rubber Man" for his suicidal dives on the hardcourt. He graduated from Purdue in 1932 with a degree in English.

After college, Wooden spent several years playing professional basketball in the NBL with the Indianapolis Kautskys, Whiting Ciesar All-Americans, and Hammond Ciesar All-Americans, while he taught and coached in the high school ranks. During one 46-game stretch, he made 134 consecutive free throws. He was named to the All-NBL First Team for the 1937–38 season.

During World War II in 1942, he joined the United States Navy. He served until 1946 and left the service as a lieutenant.

High school
Wooden coached two years at Dayton High School in Dayton, Kentucky. His first year at Dayton, the 1932–33 season, marked the only time he had a losing record (6–11) as a coach. After Dayton, he returned to Indiana, where he taught English, coached basketball and served as the athletic director at South Bend Central High School until entering the Armed Forces. Wooden spent two years at Dayton and nine years at Central. His high school coaching record over 11 years was 218–42.

Indiana State University
After World War II, Wooden coached at Indiana State Teachers College, later renamed Indiana State University, in Terre Haute, Indiana, from 1946 to 1948, succeeding his high school coach, Glenn M. Curtis. In addition to his duties as basketball coach, Wooden also coached baseball and served as athletic director, all while teaching and completing his master's degree in education. In 1947, Wooden's basketball team won the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference title and received an invitation to the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) National Tournament in Kansas City. Wooden refused the invitation, citing the NAIB's policy banning black players. One of Wooden's players, Clarence Walker, was a black man from East Chicago, Indiana.

That same year, Wooden's alma mater Purdue University asked him to return to campus and serve as an assistant to then-head coach Mel Taube until Taube's contract expired, when Wooden would take over the program. Citing his loyalty to Taube, Wooden declined the offer, because this would have effectively made Taube a lame-duck coach.

In 1948, Wooden again led Indiana State to the conference title. The NAIB had reversed its policy banning African-American players that year, and Wooden coached his team to the NAIB National Tournament final, losing to Louisville. This was the only championship game a Wooden-coached team ever lost. That year, Walker became the first African-American to play in any post-season intercollegiate basketball tournament.

UCLA
In the 1948–1949 season, Wooden was hired by the University of California, Los Angeles, to be the fourth basketball coach in the school's history. He succeeded Fred Cozens, Caddy Works, and Wilbur Johns; Johns became the school's athletic director. Wooden signed a three-year contract for $6,000 in the first year. Prior to being hired at UCLA, he had been pursued for the head coaching position at the University of Minnesota, and it was his and his wife's desire to remain in the Midwest, but inclement weather in Minnesota prevented Wooden from receiving the scheduled phone offer from the Golden Gophers. Thinking that they had lost interest, Wooden instead accepted the head coaching job with the Bruins. Officials from the University of Minnesota contacted Wooden immediately after he accepted the position at UCLA, but he declined their offer because he had already given his word to UCLA.

Wooden had immediate success, fashioning the mark of the rarest of coaches, an "instant turnaround" for an undistinguished, faltering program. Part of this success was due to his unique offensive system, the same system that countless coaches use today. John Wooden stated, "I believe my system is perfectly suited to counter all the modern defenses I have seen, and that includes run-and-jump, 1–3–1 trapping, box-and-one, triangle-and-two, and switching man-to-man."

Prior to Wooden's arrival at UCLA, the basketball program had only had two conference championship seasons in the previous 18 years. In his first season, he took a Bruins team that had posted a 12–13 record the previous year and transformed it into a Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) Southern Division champion with a 22–7 record, the most wins in a season for UCLA since the school started playing basketball in 1919. He surpassed that number the next season with 24–7 and a second division title and overall conference title in 1950, and would add two more in his first four years. Up to that time, UCLA had collected a total of two division titles since the PCC began divisional play, and had not won a conference title of any sort since winning the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in 1927.

In spite of these achievements, Wooden reportedly did not initially enjoy his position, and his wife did not favor living in Los Angeles. When Mel Taube left Purdue in 1950, Wooden's inclination was to return to West Lafayette and finally accept the head coaching job there. He was ultimately dissuaded when UCLA officials reminded him that it was he who had insisted upon a three-year commitment during negotiations in 1948. Wooden felt that leaving UCLA prior to the expiration of his contract would be tantamount to breaking his word, even though Purdue offered more money, a car and housing.

By the 1955–56 season, Wooden had established a record of sustained success at UCLA. That year, he guided the team to its first undefeated PCC conference title and a 17-game winning streak that came to an end only at the hands of Phil Woolpert's University of San Francisco team (who had Bill Russell and K.C. Jones) that eventually won the 1956 NCAA tournament. However, UCLA was unable to advance from this level over the immediately ensuing seasons, finding itself unable to return to the NCAA Tournament, as the Pete Newell-coached teams of the California Golden Bears took control of the conference and won the 1959 NCAA tournament. Also hampering the fortunes of Wooden's team during that time period was a probation that was imposed on all UCLA sports teams in the aftermath of a scandal that involved illegal payments made to players on the school's football team. The probation was also extended to three additional schools: the University of Southern California, California and Stanford. The scandal resulted in the dismantling of the PCC conference.

By the 1961–1962 season, the probation was no longer in place and Wooden returned his team to the top of the conference. This time, however, they would take the next step, and in so doing, unleash a run of dominance unparalleled in the history of college basketball. UCLA reached the Final Four of the NCAA tournament for the first time in school history. A narrow loss, due largely to a controversial foul call in a 1962 semi-final game against Ed Jucker's eventual national champion Cincinnati team, convinced Wooden that his Bruins were ready to contend for national championships. Two seasons later in 1964, the final piece of the puzzle fell into place when assistant coach Jerry Norman persuaded Wooden that the team's small-sized players and fast-paced offense would be complemented by the adoption of a zone press defense, which increased the probability of turnovers by the opposing team. The result was a dramatic increase in scoring, giving UCLA a powerhouse team that went 30–0 on its way to the school's first basketball national championship and first undefeated season as the Bruins beat Vic Bubas' taller and slower racially segregated Duke team 98–83 in the final. Walt Hazzard fouled out of the game late in the second half on a player control foul, but this proved to be insignificant when he cut down the net in celebration and was named tournament most valuable player. Gail Goodrich (27 points), Keith Erickson, Fred Slaughter, Jack Hirsch, and reserve Kenny Washington (26 points, 12 rebounds) contributed to the UCLA win. With no player taller than 6 feet, 5 inches, the Bruins' speed and zone press forced 29 turnovers and nullified the height advantage of Duke's Hack Tison and Jay Buckley, two 6-foot, 10-inch players.

In the 1964-1965 campaign, the defending NCAA champions got off to an ominous start when UCLA lost to Illinois by 27 points in its opening game. It was all uphill after that as the squad repeated as national champions with Gail Goodrich, Kenny Washington, and Doug McIntosh. The Bruins upended Dave Strack's Michigan team 91–80 in the finals of the NCAA tournament. Goodrich shared Player of the Year honors with Princeton's Bill Bradley. The 1966 squad was denied a chance at a triple crown when it finished second to Oregon State in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (now the Pac-12). UCLA was ineligible to play in the NCAA tournament that year because in those days only conference champions received a bid to the tournament. The Bruins' 1967 incarnation returned with a vengeance with sophomore star Alcindor, reclaiming not only the conference title, but the national crown with another 30–0 season, and then retaining it every season but one until Wooden's retirement immediately following the 1975 NCAA championship.

The resurgence of the Bruins under Wooden made it obvious that they needed a new home. Since 1932, the Bruins had played at the Men's Gym. It normally seated 2,400, but had been limited to 1,500 since 1955 by order of the city fire marshal. This forced the Bruins to move games to Pan Pacific Auditorium, the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena and other venues around Los Angeles when they were expected to attract larger crowds—something that happened fairly often after the Bruins' first national title. At Wooden's urging, a much larger on-campus facility, Pauley Pavilion, was built in time for the 1965–66 season. The building in Westwood was christened on November 27, 1965, in a special game that pitted the UCLA varsity against the UCLA freshmen. It was Lew Alcindor's (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) freshman season (freshmen were ineligible to play on the varsity in those days). UCLA was the defending national champion and ranked number 1 in the pre-season poll. The freshmen easily won the game by a score of 75–60. It was a powerful indication of things to come.

A rule change was instituted for the 1967–1968 season, primarily because of Alcindor's towering play near the basket. The dunk shot was outlawed and would not be reinstated until the 1976–1977 season, which was shortly after Wooden's retirement. This was at least the second time that the rules committee had initiated change in response to the domination of a superstar player; in 1944, the goaltending rule was instituted to counter George Mikan's dominant defensive play near the basket. In January, UCLA took its 47-game winning streak to the Astrodome in Houston, where the Bruins met Guy Lewis' Houston squad, who had Elvin Hayes, Don Chaney, and Ken Spain, in the Game of the Century in the nation's first nationally televised regular season college basketball game. Houston upset UCLA 71–69, as Hayes scored 39 points. In a post-game interview, Wooden said, "We have to start over." UCLA went undefeated the rest of the year and thrashed Houston 101–69 in the semi-final rematch of the NCAA tournament en route to the national championship. Sports Illustrated ran the front cover headline ''Lew's Revenge. The rout of Houston''. UCLA limited Hayes to only 10 points; he had been averaging 37.7 points per game. Wooden credited Norman for devising the diamond-and-one defense that contained Hayes. The Game of the Century is also remembered for an incident involving Wooden and Edgar Lacy. Lacy was ineffective on defense against Elvin Hayes, and Wooden benched him after 11 minutes. Lacy never re-entered the game. Furious with Wooden, Lacy quit the team three days later, telling the Los Angeles Times "I've never enjoyed playing for that man." UCLA's talent during the 1968 NCAA tournament was so overwhelming that they placed four players on the All-Tournament team. In addition to Alcindor, Lucius Allen, Mike Warren, and "Lefty" Lynn Shackelford were given accolades. Kenny Heitz was also a member of UCLA's 1968 team.

Lew Alcindor finished his career at UCLA in 1969 with a third consecutive national championship when the Bruins beat George King's Purdue team 92–72 in the title game. The three straight titles were matched by three consecutive MVP awards in the tournament as Alcindor established himself as college basketball's superstar during the three-peat performance. Alcindor and Wooden would continue their communication even after he left UCLA. In 2017, Jabbar wrote a book, "Coach Wooden and Me", which details their long-standing friendship.

A sportswriter commented that everybody outside of UCLA would be happy that glorious day in June when Alcindor finally graduated and college basketball could go back to the routine method of determining a national champion. This prophecy would prove to be ludicrous over the next six years. The 1970 squad proved that nobody was indispensable to the success of the UCLA program, not even Alcindor, as Sidney Wicks, Henry Bibby, Curtis Rowe, John Vallely, and Kenny Booker carried the Bruins to their fourth consecutive NCAA title with an 80–69 win over upstart Jacksonville, coached by Joe Williams. Wicks and Rowe double teamed 7-foot Artis Gilmore on defense and shut down the high-powered Jacksonville offense, which had been averaging 100 points per game. Gilmore and 5'10" Rex Morgan had been dubbed "Batman and Robin" by the press.

In the 1971 NCAA championship game, Steve Patterson outscored Howard Porter of Jack Kraft's scandal-plagued Villanova squad as UCLA won 68–62. The following year, UCLA had its closest game in all of Wooden's 10 championships, beating Hugh Durham's Florida State team 81–76 to take the 1972 title. After the game, Bill Walton said, "We didn't play well."

The 1972–1973 season was one of the most memorable campaigns in the history of UCLA basketball. Freshmen became eligible to play varsity ball again, and the Bruins went 30–0 and stretched their winning streak to a record 75 straight in breezing through the NCAA tournament by blowing out Gene Bartow's Memphis State team 87–66 in the final, as Bill Walton hit an incredible 21 of 22 field goal attempts. Walton and Wooden were everybody's Player and Coach of the Year again. Keith Wilkes, Greg Lee, and Larry Hollyfield were members of that team, and Wilkes would go on to win four NBA championships as well.

UCLA's two big streaks came to an end during the 1973–1974 season. In January, the winning streak stopped at 88 games when Digger Phelps's Notre Dame squad upended the Bruins 71–70 in South Bend. Two months later, Norm Sloan's North Carolina State team defeated UCLA 80–77 in double overtime in the semifinals of the NCAA tournament. David Thompson was NC State's All-American, and Tom Burleson did an excellent job on defense against Bill Walton. UCLA had beaten the Wolfpack by 18 points early in the season, but things were different when they met in March.

Wooden coached what would prove to be his final game in Pauley Pavilion on March 1, 1975, a 93–59 victory over Stanford. Four weeks later, following a 75–74 overtime victory over former player and former assistant coach Denny Crum and Louisville in the 1975 NCAA Tournament semifinal game, Wooden announced that he would retire at age 64 immediately after the championship game. His legendary coaching career concluded triumphantly when Richard Washington and David Meyers combined for 52 points as UCLA responded with a 92–85 win over Joe B. Hall and Kentucky to claim Wooden's first career coaching victory over the Wildcats and his unprecedented 10th national championship. Marques Johnson and Andre McCarter were also key contributors on Wooden's final championship team. The success of Wooden's last team was particularly impressive because it had no marquee stars such as Alcindor, Walton, Hazzard, and Goodrich; the team was a group of rugged opportunists.

Andy Hill, who was on three Bruin teams under Wooden that won NCAA championships from 1970 to 1972, decades later co-wrote with Wooden the 2001 book ''Be Quick—But Don't Hurry! Finding Success in the Teachings of a Lifetime''. The bestseller details how Hill applied his experience as a player under Wooden to achieve success in his career as a television executive. His goal was to demonstrate the relevance of Wooden's coaching style to the business world. The book also delves into his personal relationship with Wooden as his coach and mentor.

In 2004, a 93-year-old Wooden stated that he would not mind coming back as an assistant who could help players with practices and other light duties.

During his tenure with the Bruins, Wooden became known as "the Wizard of Westwood", though he personally disdained the nickname. He gained lasting fame with UCLA by winning 620 games in 27 seasons and 10 NCAA titles during his last 12 seasons, including seven in a row from 1967 to 1973. His UCLA teams also established an NCAA men's basketball record winning streak of 88 games and four perfect 30–0 seasons. They also won 38 straight games in NCAA tournaments and 98 straight home wins at Pauley Pavilion, where Wooden compiled a 150–3 record over 10 seasons.

"He never made more than $35,000 a year salary (not including camps and speaking engagements), including 1975, the year he won his 10th national championship, and never asked for a raise", wrote Rick Reilly of ESPN. He was given a Bruin powder blue Mercedes that season as a retirement gift. According to his own writings, Wooden turned down an offer to coach the Los Angeles Lakers from owner Jack Kent Cooke that may have been ten times what UCLA was paying him.

Legacy
When Wooden arrived at UCLA for the 1948–1949 season, he inherited a little-known program that played in a cramped gym. He left it as a national powerhouse with 10 national championships— the most successful rebuilding project in college basketball history. John Wooden ended his UCLA coaching career with a 620–147 overall record and a winning percentage of .808. These figures do not include his two-year record at Indiana State prior to taking over the duties at UCLA.

In 2009, Wooden was named The Sporting News "Greatest Coach of All Time".

Honors
Wooden was recognized numerous times for his achievements. He was named NCAA College Basketball's Coach of the Year in 1964, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 and 1973. In 1967, he was the Henry Iba Award USBWA College Basketball Coach of the Year. In 1972, he shared Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year" award with Billie Jean King. In 1960, he was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame for his achievements as a player and as a coach in 1973, becoming the first to be honored as both a player and a coach.

After his coaching career ended, UCLA continued to honor Wooden with the title of Head Men's Basketball Coach Emeritus. On November 17, 2006, Wooden was recognised for his impact on college basketball as a member of the founding class of the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame. He was one of five people—along with Oscar Robertson, Bill Russell, Dean Smith and Dr. James Naismith—who were selected to represent the inaugural class. In 2009, he was inducted into the Missouri Valley Conference Athletics Hall of Fame in St. Louis. Coach Wooden was the ninth honouree in the Missouri Valley Conference's Lifetime Achievement category. Wooden said the honour he was most proud of was "Outstanding Basketball Coach of the U.S". by his denomination, the Christian Church.

Since 1977, the John R. Wooden Award has been the most coveted of the four college basketball player-of-the-year awards. This award has attained the status of being the equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy for college basketball, with the winner announced during a ceremony held at the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The MVP award for the McDonald's All-American Game in high-school basketball is named the "John R. Wooden Most Valuable Player Award". The Wooden Legacy is held in his honour.

In 1998 the Coach Wooden "Keys to Life" Award was created to be given to a former player or coach who exemplifies character, leadership and faith. This Award is presented at the Legends of the Hardwood Breakfast, which is held each year at the Final Four and is hosted by Athletes in Action.

On February 3, 1984, Wooden was inducted into the Indiana State University Athletic Hall of Fame.

In 2000, Wooden was honored with the "Lombardi Award of Excellence" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation. The award was created to honor Coach Lombardi's legacy, and is awarded annually to an individual who exemplifies the spirit of the Coach.

Wooden has schools and athletic facilities named after him. The gym at his alma mater Martinsville High School bears his name, and in 2005 a high school in the Los Angeles Unified School District was renamed to John R. Wooden High School. In 2003, UCLA dedicated the basketball court in Pauley Pavilion in honor of John and Nell Wooden. Named the "Nell & John Wooden Court", Wooden asked for the change from the original proposal of the "John & Nell Wooden Court", insisting that his wife's name should come first. In 2008, Indiana State also bestowed this honour on Wooden by naming their home court in the Hulman Center the "Nellie and John Wooden Court". The student recreation centre at UCLA is also named in his honor. Also in 2008, Wooden was honoured with a commemorative bronze plaque in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Memorial Court of Honor because his UCLA basketball teams played six seasons in the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. On November 8, 2008, Indiana State officially named the floor at the Hulman Centre The Nellie and John Wooden Court in honor of the legendary coach and his late wife, Nellie. The ceremony included taped comments from Coach Wooden and the participation of members of his 1946–47 and 1947–48 teams. The Sycamores christened the newly named floor by defeating the Albion College (MI) Britons in an exhibition game.

On July 23, 2003, John Wooden received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. It was presented by George W. Bush after a three-year campaign by Andre McCarter, who was on Wooden's 1975 National Championship team. The Ukleja Center for Ethical Leadership at California State University, Long Beach established the John Wooden Ethics in Leadership Award in 2009, with Wooden being the inaugural recipient. In 1986, John Wooden was honored as an Outstanding Alumnus of the School of Liberal Arts at Purdue University – the first year the award was given.

In 1976, Wooden received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

On May 17, 2004, Wooden was awarded the Ambassador Award of Excellence by the LA Sports & Entertainment Commission at the Riviera Country Club.

On Wooden's 96th birthday in 2006, a post office in Reseda, California, near where Wooden's daughter lives, was renamed the Coach John Wooden Post Office. This act was signed by President George W. Bush based on legislation introduced by Congressman Brad Sherman.

In July 2010, Wooden's alma mater, Purdue University, named a street on campus after him.

On October 14, 2010, the Undergraduate Student Association Council of UCLA held a "John Wooden Day Celebration" to honor Wooden's 100th birthday and to commemorate his contributions to the university. A portion of the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame at Morgan Centre is a recreation of Wooden's den office in honor of his memory on campus.

Golf Digest lists Wooden as one of four people to score both a double eagle and a hole in one in the same round of golf. The feat was accomplished in 1947 at the South Bend Country Club in South Bend, Indiana.

The flagship leadership development program of Wooden's fraternity, Beta Theta Pi, is named "The John and Nellie Wooden Institute for Men of Principle" after Coach Wooden and his wife, Nellie. Coach Wooden's maxims and creed are central to the teaching of leadership development at the institute.

On October 26, 2012, a bronze statue of Wooden by sculptor Blair Buswell was dedicated at the newly renovated Pauley Pavilion.

Wooden's Legacy, a 2012 public artwork statue by Jeffrey Rouse, is exhibited in Indianapolis, Indiana.

The United States Postal Service will honor Wooden as the subject of a first class forever postage stamp to be issued in 2024.

Following Wooden
Three of Wooden's former players would take over the program and leave within a few years. Gene Bartow, Gary Cunningham, Larry Brown, and Larry Farmer were the four coaches who entered and left UCLA in the nine years following Wooden. One former UCLA head coach, former ESPN analyst and former St. John's head coach Steve Lavin (fired from UCLA in 2003), has said "The mythology and pathology of UCLA basketball isn't going to change" due to Wooden's legacy and believes that every basketball coach will eventually be fired or forced out from UCLA.

Bartow, Wooden's immediate successor at UCLA, went 28–5 in 1976, but was blown out twice that season by Bob Knight's eventual undefeated national-champion Indiana Hoosiers, the second time in the Final Four, and lost 76–75 in the 1977 West Region semifinals to Idaho State. Bartow won 85.2% of his games (compared to Wooden's 80.8%) in two years, yet supposedly received death threats from unsatisfied UCLA fans.

Wooden himself often joked about being a victim of his own success, calling his successors on the phone and playfully identifying himself ominously as "we the alumni..." In his autobiography, Wooden recounts walking off the court in 1975 after his last game as a coach, having just won his tenth title, only to have a UCLA fan walk up and say, "Great win coach, this makes up for letting us down last year" (UCLA had lost in the semifinals in double overtime in 1974 to eventual national champion North Carolina State).

Bartow's successor, Wooden protege Gary Cunningham, posted an even better two-year record after Bartow, .862 (50–8) and No. 2 rankings each year, but could not proceed past two wins in the NCAAs, and left. Larry Brown came next, racking up more losses, 17, in two years than UCLA had experienced the previous four. With a near-magical end-of-season run typical of his career, he managed to coach UCLA into the title game in 1980, where the Bruins lost to Louisville, coached by Denny Crum. Coincidentally, Crum had played for Wooden at UCLA before working for him there as an assistant coach. Brown then left UCLA. Former UCLA players Larry Farmer and Walt Hazzard then took turns directing the UCLA program from 1981 to 1988. Hazzard's 1985 team won the National Invitation Tournament.

UCLA went 20 years after Wooden's retirement before winning another national championship, finally hanging a banner again in 1995 under coach Jim Harrick, when Ed O'Bannon starred for the Bruins as they beat Arkansas 89–78 in the title game and denied Nolan Richardson back-to-back titles. In 2006, Ben Howland led the team back to the national championship game for the first time since the 1995 title game, but they were defeated 73–57 by the Florida Gators and their star player Joakim Noah. Harrick was the only coach of John Wooden's nine successors who has guided the Bruins to an NCAA championship.

Personal life
Wooden met his future wife, Nellie "Nell" Riley, when he was a freshman in high school They were both 21 years of age when they married in a small ceremony in Indianapolis in August 1932 and afterward attended a Mills Brothers concert at the Circle Theatre to celebrate. The couple had a son, James Hugh Wooden, and a daughter, Nancy Anne Muehlhausen. Nellie died on March 21, 1985 from cancer at age 73.

Wooden remained devoted to Nellie's memory until his own death 25 years after her passing. He kept to a monthly ritual—health permitting—on the 21st of every month, when he would visit her crypt in the mausoleum, then write a love letter to her. After completing each letter, he placed it in an envelope and added it to a stack of similar letters that accumulated over the years on the pillow she slept on during their life together. Wooden stopped writing the letters because of failing eyesight in the last months of his life.

In mourning Nellie's death, Wooden was comforted by his faith. He was a devout Christian, considering his beliefs more important to him than basketball: "I have always tried to make it clear that basketball is not the ultimate. It is of small importance in comparison to the total life we live. There is only one kind of life that truly wins, and that is the one that places faith in the hands of the Savior." Wooden's faith strongly influenced his life. He read the Bible daily and attended the First Christian Church. He said that he hoped his faith was apparent to others: "If I were ever prosecuted for my religion, I truly hope there would be enough evidence to convict me."

In a 2009 interview, he described himself politically as a "liberal", who had voted for some Republican presidential candidates.

Final years and death
Wooden was in good physical health until the later years of his life. On April 3, 2006, he spent three days in a Los Angeles hospital, receiving treatment for diverticulitis. He was hospitalized again in 2007 for bleeding in the colon, with his daughter quoted as saying her father was "doing well" upon his subsequent release. Wooden was hospitalized on March 1, 2008, after a fall in his home. He broke his left wrist and his collarbone in the fall, but remained in good condition according to his daughter and was given around-the-clock supervision. In February 2009, he was hospitalized for four weeks with pneumonia.

On May 26, 2010, Wooden was admitted to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center after suffering from dehydration. He remained hospitalized there and died of natural causes at age 99 on June 4, 2010. He was survived by his son, daughter, three grandsons, four granddaughters, and 13 great-grandchildren. Following a private ceremony, Wooden was interred with his wife Nellie in an outdoor community mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles. A public memorial service was held two weeks later at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion.

Seven Point Creed
John Wooden's Seven Point Creed was given to him by his father Joshua upon his graduation from grammar school:

 * 1) Be true to yourself.
 * 2) Make each day your masterpiece.
 * 3) Help others.
 * 4) Drink deeply from good books, especially the Bible.
 * 5) Make friendship a fine art.
 * 6) Build a shelter against a rainy day.
 * 7) Pray for guidance and give thanks for your blessings every day.

Wooden also lectured and authored a book about the Pyramid of Success. The Pyramid of Success consists of philosophical building blocks for succeeding at basketball and at life. In his later years he was hired by corporations to deliver inspirational lectures and even appeared in commercials for Hartford Insurance and the NCAA. Following his death in June 2010—shortly after the basketball season— all UCLA sports teams wore either a patch or helmet sticker with the initials "JRW" inside a black pyramid for the remainder of the season, in honor of his philosophy. Furthermore, the men's basketball team continues to wear the patch as of 2019, though not in black. It is generally known that he received lecture fees that exceeded the salaries he was paid as a coach. Wooden proudly claimed that these late in life windfalls allowed him to set up education accounts for all of his grandchildren. At the top of the Pyramid of Success was "Competitive Greatness" which Wooden defined as "Perform at your best when your best is required. Your best is required each day."

Wooden was also the author of several other books about basketball and life.

Among Wooden's maxims:
 * Failing to prepare is preparing to fail (from Benjamin Franklin)
 * Flexibility is the key to stability
 * Be quick, but don't hurry
 * Seek opportunities to show you care. The smallest gestures often make the biggest difference

Publications

 * John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2010) The Wisdom of Wooden: My Century On and Off the Court, McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0071751162
 * John Wooden and Don Yaeger (2009) A Game Plan for Life: The Power of Mentoring, Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-1-59691-701-9
 * John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2009) Coach Wooden's Leadership Game Plan for Success: 12 Lessons for Extraordinary Performance and Personal Excellence, McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-162614-9
 * John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2007) The Essential Wooden: A Lifetime of Lessons on Leaders and Leadership, McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-148435-0
 * John Wooden with Swen Nater (2006) John Wooden's UCLA Offense, Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-6180-3
 * John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2005) Wooden on Leadership: How to Create a Winning Organization, McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-145339-4
 * John Wooden, Jay Carty (2005) Coach Wooden's Pyramid of Success Playbook, Revell. ISBN 978-0800726263
 * John Wooden with Steve Jamison (2004) My Personal Best, McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-143792-9
 * John Wooden, Jay Carty (2003) Coach Wooden One-on-One, Regal. ISBN 978-0830732913
 * Andrew Hill with John Wooden (2001) Be Quick – But Don't Hurry: Finding Success in the Teachings of a Lifetime, Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-0743213882
 * John Wooden with Steve Jamison (1997) Wooden: A Lifetime of Observations and Reflections On and Off the Court, Contemporary Books. ISBN 978-0-8092-3041-9
 * John Wooden with Jack Tobin (1972) They Call Me Coach, Word Books. ISBN 978-0876803059
 * (1985) Hardcover Revised Edition. Word Books. ISBN 978-0849904387
 * (2003) Revised Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-142491-2
 * John Wooden (1966) Practical Modern Basketball. The Ronald Press Company.

title: John Wooden


text:
Gaspé, Quebec

Gaspé is a city at the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula in the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of eastern Quebec in Canada. Gaspé is located about 650 km northeast of Quebec City, and 350 km east of Rimouski. As of the 2021 Canadian Census, the city had a total population of 15,063.

Gaspé is where Jacques Cartier took possession of New France (now part of Canada) in the name of François I of France on July 24, 1534.

The most common assumption is that "Gaspé" may come from the Miꞌkmaq word Gespeg which means "Land's end". However, other theories hold that the name may be a mutation of the Basque word geizpe or kerizpe which means "shelter" or "place of refuge". Another theory is that it is named after Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real, who explored the Labrador in 1500.

In 1600, Englishman Richard Hakluyt used the name Gaspay in his translation of Cosmosgraphie by Jean Alfonse, which became the common spelling in the early 17th century. Thereafter, many other spellings appeared such as Gachepé, Gachepay, Gaschepay, Gaspey, Gaspèche, and Gapèche.

History
Gaspé claims the title of "Cradle of French America", because on June 24, 1534, explorer Jacques Cartier halted in the bay after losing an anchor during a storm and claimed possession of the area by planting a wooden cross with the king's coat of arms and the sentence Vive le Roi de France (meaning "Long live the King of France"). Cartier met there an indigenous tribe that referred to the territory as Honguedo, probably a Mi'kmaq word meaning "meeting place".

Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, British officers and soldiers acquired free land in Gaspé. And in 1784, they were joined by many Loyalist settlers. From then on, Gaspé became an important commercial fishing centre, especially of cod. In 1804, its post office opened.

In 1833 in Gaspé County there were only ten farmers, all in the Gaspé Bay area (of whom seven were also involved in the fishery), four whalers in Gaspé Bay, five shipbuilders (one a Jersey firm), one blacksmith, two lumber merchants, five shipowners (all of which were Jerseymen), eighteen fish merchants (of whom all but five were Jerseymen) and thirty-two major fishing establishments (of which sixteen were Jersey owned).

Gaspé was incorporated as a village municipality in 1855. From 1861 to 1866, the port of Gaspé was a duty-free port, making shipping the primary economic activity. With some 40 to 50 European ships docking annually, many countries opened consulates in Gaspé, including Italy, United States, Brazil, Portugal, and Norway. By 1911, the railway reached Gaspé. But the town's ambition to become an international shipping and transportation hub ended with the growing importance of the Montreal and Halifax harbours.

During World War II, some 3000 soldiers were stationed at a naval base built at Sandy Beach to patrol the Gulf of Saint Lawrence against German submarines.

In 1959, Gaspé gained city status. In 1971, the city was greatly expanded when it amalgamated these 11 surrounding municipalities (with year of original incorporation):

 * Baie-de-Gaspé-Nord (1855)
 * Baie-de-Gaspé-Sud (1855)
 * Douglastown (1855)
 * Grande-Grève (1944)
 * Haldimand (1953)
 * L'Anse-aux-Griffons (1870)
 * Rivière-au-Renard (1933)
 * Saint-Alban-du-Cap-des-Rosiers (1896)
 * Saint-Majorique (1966)
 * Saint-Maurice (1923)
 * York (1866)

In subsequent years, the city's area was further expanded by absorbing large tracts of adjacent unorganized territory.

A representation of a small village, with a dozen houses serving as a historical site, was opened in 2015 in front of the Place Jacques-Cartier mall and above the boardwalk along the York River. The village is a monument to Jacques Cartier and serves as a museum for tourists and locals.

Geography
In addition to the city, Gaspé's territory includes the communities of Cap-aux-Os, Cap-des-Rosiers, Douglastown, Haldimand, Jersey Cove, L'Anse-à-Fugère, L'Anse-à-Valleau, L'Anse-au-Griffon, Penouille, Petit-Cap, Petite-Rivière-au-Renard, Pointe-Jaune, Rivière-au-Renard, Rivière-Morris, Sandy Beach, Saint-Majorique, Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie, Wakeham, and York Centre. The city's territory occupies 1440 km2 and borders the sea and the St. Lawrence River for some 130 km. French is the first language of most of Gaspé's population, where nearly 90% of the population is of French-Canadian origin.

Climate
In spite of its coastal position, Gaspé experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with vast seasonal differences in temperature. Summers are warm but relatively short, whereas winters are cold and long, but still far warmer than inland areas of the province given its coastal position. It stays above the subarctic range due to the seasonal lag keeping September temperatures above 10 C in daily mean. As a result of the seasonal lag, March is a proper winter month and is far colder than November. As typical of Quebec, precipitation and resulting snowfall is high due to the reliable winter temperatures below freezing.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Gaspé was 36.0 C on 27 June 2003. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −41.7 C on 26 January 1897.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Gaspé had a population of $15,063$ living in $6,780$ of its $7,352$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $14,568$. With a land area of 1118.77 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Economy
The regional hospital is the main employer in the city. Tourism is a very important part of the city and the region's economy. Many visitors come to the city to enjoy the environment and the surrounding attractions, such as Forillon National Park that is fully within the city's boundaries. One of the main summer attractions for tourists is salmon fishing. The York River, Saint John's River, and the Dartmouth River are where tourists and locals come to fish. It is not required to have a guide while fishing these rivers but a private guide can be hired upon request. Other tourist attractions include Haldimand Beach, Jacques Cartier's Cross (stone monument), and a local museum which shelters the World War I and World War II cenotaph commemorating Gaspesian veterans.

Another big employer is the LM Wind Power Canada Inc. factory that makes the windmill blades to then have them transported elsewhere. The windmill factory is a tourist attraction where tourist can see the big size of the blades and have the opportunity to take a picture next to one. The factory was expanded in 2015 by a joint venture with Senvion to produce long-blade turbine components for the Mesgi'g Ugju's'n wind farm, developed by Longueuil, Quebec-based  Innergex in Avignon Township. The $365-million project, one of over two dozen financed by Hydro-Quebec and the provincial government, was completed on time in December 2016.

Cross of Gaspé
In 1934, the Canadian government commissioned the installation of a monolithic granite cross in Gaspé, for the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Jacques Cartier in Gaspé as of July 24, 1534. This 32 ft high monolithic cross had been cut from a block of gray granite extracted from the stone quarry of Augustus Dumas, in Rivière-à-Pierre in the Portneuf region, on North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River. The Cross of Gaspé weighs more than 42 tons and was transported by two railcars of the Canadian National Railway from Rivière-à-Pierre. The cross was carried on a coaster to the Gaspé wharf. The cross was erected on its base using a rail system of pulleys and cables, driven by horses. The original craftsmen would be listed at the top of the cross. This cross is the largest monolithic granite cross crafted in Canada.

A commemorative plaque located at the foot of the Cross in Gaspé was inaugurated on August 23, 2009, in memory of artisans from Rivière-à-Pierre who extracted and cut the block of granite. A replica of the Cross of Gaspé was crafted by Rivière-à-Pierre craftsmen and erected in the heart of the village of Rivière-à-Pierre. That granite cross is half the height of the original cross.

Government
List of former mayors:

 * Arthur Drolet (–2003)
 * François Roussy (2003–2013)
 * Daniel Côté (2013–present)

Infrastructure
Gaspé is accessible by automobile or Orléans Express bus service via Quebec Route 132, and the Michel-Pouliot Gaspé Airport.

The town is also accessible by Quebec Route 198 that passes through the interior of the peninsula. Select travellers can also access the town during the winter via one of the many snowmobile trails that run through the interior and connect with many other towns on the northern and southern coasts of the peninsula. In the summer the same trails are open to all-terrain vehicle travellers as well.

Via Rail's Montreal–Gaspé train was terminated due to unsafe trackage sometime in 2013. The VIA Rail Train to Gaspé was being turned in New Carlisle, 104 mi west of Gaspé. Via was offering bus service between New Carlisle and Gaspé. The line was undergoing repairs since December 2011. At present time Via has no plans to reinstate service on this line.

The Port of Gaspé has a two-sided wharf; on the one, it measures 175 m, with a depth of 8 m, and on the other measures 180 m with a depth of 10 m. The Port of Gaspé is accessible year-round with the occasional help of an icebreaker.

Its near neighbour Chandler is a port of call for Le Vacancier, a ferry which links Montréal to the Îles-de-la-Madeleine.

Education
Centre des services scolaire des Chic-Chocs operates Francophone schools. Eastern Shores School Board operates Anglophone schools. It is zoned to Gaspe Polyvalent School and Gaspe Elementary School.
 * École secondaire Antoine-Roy
 * École secondaire C.-E.-Pouliot
 * École Aux Quatre-Vents
 * École Notre-Dame-de-Liesse
 * École Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur
 * École Saint-Joseph-Alban
 * École Saint-Paul
 * École Saint-Rosaire et de la Découverte

Sister cities
Gaspé is twinned with:
 * Puerto Montt, Chile (2005)
 * Saint-Malo, France (2009)

title: Gaspé, Quebec


text:
Talk:Shimōsa Province

Poll

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 09:46, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Title
Shimosa or Shimousa? Both can be in Japanese "lazy" pronunciation. Which will we use? --Nanshu 02:57, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I personally think "Shimousa" is better. Usually, I am against using "ou" to romanize おう, but in this case, we have two kanji, shimo + usa, and "Shimosa" just doesn't seem like an accurate romanization. It's like Minoo... if you use the prettier romaji, you lose part of the name. - Sekicho

下総国 was born as a result of the split of 総国 (Fusa no kuni). Then its name had been changed as follows:
 * Shimo-tsu-fusa -> Shimo-fusa -> Shimousa

The problem is that the loss of the f was happened at the middle of a word in Japanese (eg. kefu -> keu -> kyou). This means that people considered shimofusa as a single word instead of a compound. Otherwide the f must be preserved. But I changed my mind because some googling suggests that some still call 下総 Shimofusa.

Japanese romanization is more complicated than I expected. The Hepburn romanization system distinguishes what is not dinstinguished in Japanese. Sometime it needs etymological analysis. --Nanshu 02:53, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'm not familiar with that name, but if it's pronounced as Shimoosa (2 syllables), then it's fine as Shimosa. If it's pronounced with three syllables, as I suspect it is because 下 is prounounced "shimo," then it should be written as Shimo-Usa. Exploding Boy 04:03, Jun 16, 2004 (UTC)

If it is "Shimo-Usa", the page should be moved to "Shimo-Usa Province". WhisperToMe 06:33, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

It is Shimo-Usa, I looked it up. I'm going to move this page to that name. Exploding Boy 08:18, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

where did you people find "Shimo-Usa" ??!!
Waiiiiit a minute. Where did you find the name "Shimo-Usa"? I just Googled the name and it only came up six times! ... compared to hundreds of hits for both "Shimosa" and "Shimousa." -- Sekicho 13:21, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

I found it right here on this talk page. ;)

The purpose of "Shimo-Usa" is to explain how the name of the province is pronounced. WhisperToMe 02:56, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I don't think it's appropriate to invent a romanization just to show how something is pronounced. Why not say

 * Shimousa (pronounced shimo-usa) is...

instead of making the article's title all wacky? It's not like we spell Ljubljana in a manner reflective of its pronunciation... Sekicho 19:01, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

I said above that romanization needs etymological analysis, but now I correct it to "morphological analysis" to distinguish it from "real" etymological analysis. There is a morphological boundary between "shimo" and "usa," so I think it should be spelled Shimousa. I don't like to invent a new romanization too.

As for the pronunciation, I don't know. My poor native ears indiscriminate both pronunciations. But I think I pronounce it shi-mo-u-sa. --Nanshu 02:23, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC) --Nanshu 02:23, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

The main difference for the dash was so that one wouldn't confuse it with a wapuro double-o (ou). WhisperToMe 16:26, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Again, the dash is needless, or shouldn't be included. It departs from the romanization standard. Don't invent a new romanization! --Nanshu 02:37, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Why do we still use this weird romanization? This article should be moved to Shimousa Province. --Nanshu 01:01, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, proper Hepburn romanization should be used! Deiaemeth 00:39, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Sengoku House Codes
Possibly appropriate addition to this article -- but perhaps better placed elsewhere? Just another possibility not yet fully realized .... --Ooperhoofd 20:58, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 1556: Yūki Masakatsu issues Yūki-shi shin hatto.

Title redux
This article is misspelled. Although previously discussed above, it is simply wrong. The correct spelling is Shimōsa, or even Shimosa if the diacritics are dropped. Shimousa is simply not a valid romanization. For those who wish to verify this, you may look it up in Nihon Kokugo Daijiten or Shin Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten, which both list the pronunciation (シモーサ) which romanization is based on separate from the Japanese spelling. Alternatively, you may look it up in the official US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) database which lists it as "Shimōsa" with no alternative spellings. For those in Japan in the former Shimōsa region, you may easily verify the correct spelling a number of train stations which give the proper spelling: For the visually inclined, you may even verify pictures of the above stations at Commons. Here is one example showing Shimōsa Kōzaki Station. Regards, Bendono (talk) 09:34, 29 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Shimōsa-Manzaki Station (下総松崎駅)
 * Shimōsa-Toyosato Station (下総豊里駅)
 * Shimōsa-Nakayama Station (下総中山駅)
 * Shimōsa-Tachibana Station (下総橘駅)
 * Shimōsa-Kōzaki Station (下総神崎駅)
 * Your logic may seem sound in your head, but to call it "wrong" and "not a valid romanization" is a distortion. The fastest counterpoint: type 'shimosa' using wāpuro rōmaji, and you will have much trouble typing 下総. Moreover, シモーサ is merely a pronunciation and has nothing to do with orthography. The origin of the name is Shimo + tsu + Fusa, and this has changed in pronunciation to "shimōsa" over the ages. If one were to consider the 下 to have the pronunciation 'shimō' attached to it and the 総 to have the pronunciation 'sa' attached to it, they would be wrong, and thus the romanization would be wrong in an orthographical sense. By this line of logic, however, what of, something as (oh, let's arbitrarily pick one...) 上総? It came from kami + tsu + fusa, which changed to かづさ over time (and finally かずさ). One cannot extract pronunciations from the individual kanji from that at all.
 * Whether romanization should follow orthography or pronunciation is an issue that has not been resolved at MOS:J, which is really where this issue needs to be taken up. There is no "incorrect" romanization between the two, simply because the only "proper" way to put the name in writing, if there is one, is the Japanese language. The Japanese language doesn't dictate proper romanizations in and of itself, nor is any one organization currently a proper authority on how to romanize everything in the language; it's all up to the system you use, and Wikipedia's system is ambivalent in this case.
 * In fact, it's funny you should mention the train station, because at least one sign I can find pictures of on the Internet has it "misspelled" (according to what you say here). In fact, historical romanizations are pretty schizophrenic on the topic, too. For what it's worth, Papinot's dictionary uses "Shimōsa", "Kōchi", etc.
 * Taking it to Google as would normally settle a common-spelling issue would be pretty useless in this case, since wāpuro rōmaji's prevalence kind of screws with you. Google Books reveals many books (most of them authoritative enough to say, "okay, that's an accepted spelling") that use one way or the other. Still, you can find reasoning, questions, and de-facto standards going both ways if you put in the right queries. Granted, it's not a whole lot to look at.
 * For what it's worth, since we're supposed to use "revised Hepburn" here, Hepburn himself used "ou" for the verb 追う (or 追フ, as it was written in his day), in a very few spots, though I can't attest for sure that he used it anywhere else; e.g. he has 請う (請フ) as 'kō', 囲う (圍フ) as 'kakō', 憩う (休フ!!) as 'ikō'. His initial need for romanization was more or less for pronunciation purposes (at the time, kana didn't have a one-to-one correspondence with pronunciation). Wikipedia's needs may be different, though I'm no authority on that.
 * In summation: there is no clear policy on this for Wikipedian purposes, and to say one or the other is "wrong" is not entirely in the right as long as there is no "policy" to follow in this regard. -BRPXQZME (talk) 01:30, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I think the spelling should follow the pronunciation. I was under the impression that the お and う of 下総 were pronounced separately, as in Marunouchi or Inoue. If this is not the case, and they are pronounced as オー, then the spelling should be ō. LeeWilson (talk) 13:56, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Hello. I grew up in Chiba. There are many place still with this name. We Japanese pronounce it シモーサ, not シモウサ. The o is long. 180.11.41.83 (talk) 02:59, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shimōsa Province