text:
User talk:Ray Radlein

''' I am currently in the midst of a moderately extended Wiki vacation. Like MacArthur, I shall return — hopefully without getting my pants all wet doing so.

Vacation over, I suppose, although I'm going to try to ease back in, rather than gorging myself on glorious wikiness --Ray Radlein 19:17, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

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Worldcon/NASFiC
Hi Ray. I don't know if the change in the bid cycle for Worldcon is affecting NASFiC - logically it would do, as you wouldn't know that you'd need a NASFiC more than 2 years in advance. The 2007 NASFiC site is being chosen in 2005, anyway. Regards, Arwel 20:17, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Killian
As you have recently expressed interest in this article, please see Talk:Killian_documents. Wolfman 18:42, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Grammarbot
I noticed (your edit) while checking on things where the bot had apparently been reverted (or, well, they still had spaces before commas). I admit that the reason Grammarbot doesn't correct two or more spaces before a comma is simply because I didn't think of that, but that's actually quite a Good Thing as it has brought some preformatted text out of line, and if it removed many spaces before commas, it would have really ruined those articles, requiring a revert. (Imagine it running on ASCII art!) r3m0t 07:40, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)

Football
Different types of duck are different species. Different types of football are different codes. Please do not change it again. The phrase is deliberately hyperlinked to the article on football, where the different codes of football are described as such. Jooler 23:57, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * This is the first sentence of the top-level article about football. As such, it is inexcusable to deliberately use a term of art in place of a perfectly correct standard English equivalent. Many people reading this article will be doing so to learn about football, possibly for the first time. They will not know what the hell the phrase "other codes of football" is supposed to mean. Making them click on a link which takes them to a huge and complex article (when, in all likelihood, they simply wanted to read the article they were already reading) just to find out that the "code" means "type" is idiotic. Furthermore, it should be noted that the very article in question begins with these two sentences:"This article deals with the history and development of the different sports around the world known as 'Football'. For links to specific articles on each type of football, please see the list in the Football today section of this article."See that? "...each type of football"! Even that article doesn't use the word "code" until more than a third of the way through. --Ray Radlein 00:27, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for pointing out the error in the opening paragraph of the football article. That particular section has been shuffled around quite a bit lately. May I suggest that if you wish to use terms like "type" instead of species that you look at the simple edition of Wikipedia. Jooler 00:33, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for screwing up the introduction to that article as well. "That particular section has been shuffled around quite a bit lately", my ass: That sentence has remained more or less unchanged for roughly the last 250 edits, dating back to July 16, 2004 — nearly 200 edits (and seven months) before the first time you edited the article. The introduction has correctly used "type" for the entire time you have been editing it. It has never used "code" before now. Furthermore, "code" is meaningless from the context of American or Canadian or Australian football, whereas everyone knows what "type" (or "kind," the word which was used for the first hundred versions of that introductory sentence) is. If you are interested in using terms that the majority of your readers will find obscure or confusing, I suggest you look at the recherché: edition. --Ray Radlein 01:45, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that you are incorrect to assert that "code" is meaningless from the context of American or Canadian or Australian football - Here is an example of an Australian page that uses the word "code" to describe the various different codes of football including the North American varieties . You might also note that the Wikipedia article on single (football) (which I have not edited) used the term code in this context for Canadian and American football. Code is simply the correct word used to describe different forms of football that have been "codified" by some offical body. As regard the opening paragraph in the football article, there has been endless shuffling around of that disambiguation block as far as I was aware, I never stated that the word code was ever used, merely that it should have been and I should have noticed it not being used. Jooler 03:24, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Ray. I've tried to edit Football with a view to making the initial disambiguation note more clear to the average reader. "Football codes" is pure jargon and doesn't belong at the top, before any explaination. I've tried at least two different sets of words to replace it, but Jooler keeps reverting me, insisting only "codes" is correct. Can you help us out? Best. Jonathunder 22:49, 2005 Apr 4 (UTC)

1929
If you want to ADD people to this page, do so, but don't delete the people who are already there. RickK 07:22, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why on earth not? (a) it's been done before on the page, and (b) Norm Zauchin is only just barely notable enough to be in Wikipedia at all, much less to have his birth trumpeted as coequal to that of Nobel laureates and the like. --Ray Radlein 07:28, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I mean, let's put it this way: Norm Zauchin was added to Wikipedia yesterday; he hit 50 whole home runs during his six year long major league career. His career high point was finishing third in the Rookie of the Year voting, and the only thing notable about him beyond that point is that he was traded to the perrenially awful Washington Senators for a player who later went on to be pretty good. Should he be in Wikipedia? Absolutely, even if he barely played long enough to qualify for a major league pension (actually, they might not have had those back then; but still). I'm more or less an inclusionist. But should his birth be listed as a major event of 1929, alongside those of Grace Kelly, Dick Clark, Martin Luther King, Jr., Anne Frank, and Audrey Hepburn? Hell, even Roger Bannister, Frank Gehry, or Milan Kundera? Give me a break! Do you really want the birth and death portions of each year entry to become the home for dozens of light-hitting utility infielders, middle relievers, backup left tackles, assistant coaches, reserve small forwards, 1970s teen idols, and two-term congressmen from Missouri? 'Cause, you know, I've got to say, it looks to me like you're the only one who thinks so, so far. --Ray Radlein 11:05, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

Manga
Nice job rewriting the passage on how American manga artists are seen. It looks much better. — Gwalla | Talk 23:21, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Killian docs

 * "To date, however, there is no direct evidence of Rove's involvement."

 * This implies that there is some indirect evidence. Is there any?

 * Also, do you have an opinion on
 * Some opponents of George Bush continue to argue that the documents may be legitimate, or at least "fake-but-accurate"; others allege that Republicans created the documents so that their subsequent exposure would prevent legitimate criticism of Bush's National Guard record.

 * versus
 * Some supporters of Dan Rather and CBS allege that Republicans preempted the controversy by falsifying documents that might have legitimately criticized President Bush.

 * —wwoods 16:42, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I have tried my best to steer a wide course around the whole Karl Rove thing, but yes, there certainly is evidence of his involvement. I don't personally find it to be sufficiently compelling evidence, mind you; but it is evidence.

 * For instance, there's the fact that Karl Rove has, in the past, pulled stunts very much like this, on several different occasions (I think that he was fired from one of Poppy Bush's campaigns for ginning up some fake anti-GHWB documents, and trying to plant them in the opposition camp to discredit them; but I could be mixing him up with one of his fellow dirty tricks masters, or conflating different incidents). That doesn't mean that he necessarily had any part in this, but it is, clearly, evidence. Others have pointed out entirely plausible connections between various individuals orbiting suspiciously close to this incident which would lead from Karl to Killian, so to speak; however, the Texas Good Ol' Boy Politics Sleaze Network is a fairly incestuous little community, and the same couple dozen players have been crossing paths back and forth there for decades now. Again, it's not particularly probative, but it is evidence, of a sort.

 * So yeah, I'd agree that there is indirect evidence, at the very least; that much should be uncontroversial (but isn't, of course). As for the other dueling sentences, my main opinion is that I'm not sure they need to be dumped in the Executive Summary right near the begining fo the article at all; as for the content, I don't know. I sort of prefer the first one, because it spreads the possibilities around a little, so to speak; but I don't have a terribly great attachment to either of them. --Ray Radlein 20:37, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't call that evidence. Grounds for suspicion maybe. Sufficient justification for cops to look up one of the "usual suspects" and ask where he was on the night in question, but not even enough for an arrest, much less an indictment or conviction. As I said elsewhere, the supposed scheme is too far-fetched to be plausible. "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof."

 * As for the sentence in the introduction, I rather cut it myself. The second version is the one Zen-master keeps putting in; the first was my attempt to fix it.
 * —wwoods 00:34, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I think we're more or less in agreement here, modulo our definitions of the word "evidence." My view is that a thing doesn't have to be particularly useful evidence to still be evidence. I certainly agree that it's not enough to convict — or even arrest — "the usual suspects"; but it might be enough to, you know, get a search warrant, if you can catch the judge in a good mood. :-)

 * And I also agree that it's a pretty far-fetched scenario; however, it's a far-fetched scenario that Karl Rove has, in fact, used before, on more than one occasion. It's one of his most reliable tricks; along with always attacking straight at an opponent's strength, it's one of the things that he's done repeatedly over the years. I wouldn't think that he'd dare try it in this election; but then, there were a lot of things that happened in this election (and the last one) that I would never have thought possible.

 * Anyway, I'm more than happy to have any mention of this stuff consigned to the deep bowels of the article, like it used to be; putting it up near the head of the article merely confuses things and causes the intro to lose its focus. --Ray Radlein 02:55, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

UT
Is that not the right picture? I'm not from this area and all my friends agreed that was right...I just assumed... ;) Mike H 11:22, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope; sorry. I managed to slap my memory around a little bit, and finally tracked down exactly what that picture was. :-) --Ray Radlein 11:32, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

paper covers rock
What is the point of this mocking comment? Are you trying to stir up trouble for no reason? 216.153.214.94 17:25, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

blocks
The relivant policy is that is a bvlock ius dissputed then the user remains unblockedGeni 18:00, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a shame. I had envisioned an escalating series of disputes, culminating with a 4:00 AM phone calls to Bill Metcalfe, Vincent Cerf, and Tim Berners-Lee with an appeal to ultimate arbitration of the fate of the entire internet. --Ray Radlein 23:47, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)

Lawrence
Please do not characterize my edits there as "hysterical". They are nothing of the sort. If you bothered to dialog on the talk page as I have done, you'd see that I take a patient, well reasoned approach. 216.153.214.94 02:49, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations!
At times in the past, Rex (216.153.214.94) has suddenly shown up on an article or VfD vote where he's previously evinced no interest, but which he edited soon after I did. It was kind of humorous, because he frequently charged other editors with "stalking" him or "following [him] around", as if it violated a rule, and then he did it himself. Anyway, I see that he now regards you as a greater menace. I don't consider it just a coincidence that he suddenly edited Xena: Warrior Princess to revert one of your edits there. Hence my congratulations -- being stalked by Rex is indisputable confirmation that you're making a significant contribution to Wikipedia.

There's an arbitration currently pending against him (here). If you happen to observe him doing anything that the Arbitration Committee should know about, please feel free to add it to the evidence page. If you're not sure if it's important enough, just leave the information on my talk page and I'll put it into the ArbCom's format if I think it will help. JamesMLane 09:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's all pull together team! Those pesky editors who don't toe the Liberal line, must be incessantly harried! 216.153.214.94 06:17, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Masami Ihara
I responded on my talk page. Regards. Neier 00:21, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Completely different situations
I'm sure you can appreciate the difference between naming "famous" people to come out of a town or city, for instance, from the instance of picking and choosing "famous players" from a larger list where others who played in the same team, holding the exact same status (this is key), are excluded arbitrarily. When we name famous people from a town, we would aim at listing anyone and everyone who meets minimal standards for a mention on Wikipedia — who that might be is a question of policy: in some instances, only players who went on to be high-profile professionals might be considered noteworthy on Wikipedia; sometimes the bar may be lower; it depens largely on the sport and on the circumstances. It is completely different when we decide to create a section for "famous players", or "notable matches" where there is a much larger number of people who participated in that team at any given time, or a much larger number of matches played by that player, and we make an arbitrary decision of who gets included in our "who is who" on Wikipedia. That's original research, because we decided that players A, B and C were "worthy" of inclusion, whereas players D, E and F were not. That is also a matter of point of view from each Wikipedia user that decides to include a player on that list. That is textbook POV, and it cannot stay on any articles. If you see it on any article, the correct action is to remove it on sight. The fact that something is on an article when it absolutely should not be there is a negative point on Wikipedia and it is something that needs to be corrected; but it certainly is not a free pass for us to repeat the mistake on other articles. That is why I suggested the creation of a section on past squads (those who played in past Olympics and World Cups, in this particular case would appear to be more appropriate), because that is an objective, verifiable listing and one that would allow us to mention players other than the current ones on the article. Other than that, find a reliable (meaning, no blogs, no fan pages, etc.), external source that makes an arbitrary list of players of their own, make sure that repeating their listing on Wikipedia is not a violation of Copyrights (some compilers reserve rights over their compilation and/or particular ranking on the list), and if is the case, repeat the list here naming that source. If that is not possible, however, do not reinclude that list, which will be considered POV pushing, since now you've been given a lengthy explanation as to why we cannot carry this particular kind of listing. Thank you, Redux 03:53, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The point remains that every single (non-stub) article on Wikipedia about any single sports team or league includes exactly that same section, of "Notable Players" or "Famous Players"; and every article about a city large enough to have famous residents includes a section listing some of those residents; and every article about a college includes a section listing prominent alumni of that college; and, likewise, every calendar day article includes a list of some famous people who were born on that date, and some famous people who died on that date.

 * And yet, somehow, no one in the entire history of Wikipedia has had the stunning clarity of insight required to see that the act of including these individuals is some kind of ghastly offense against NPOV. Imagine that!

 * Somehow, the entire rest of Wikipedia outside of the article on the Brazilian Women's Soccer Team muddles through, picking and choosing amongst all of the people in Wikipedia born on August 27, or all of the people in Wikipedia from Akron, Ohio, and only mentioning some of them in the articles on August 27 and Akron, Ohio, respectively.

 * If you wish to singlehandedly change the way that Wikipedia has always organized its articles, knock yourself out, and good luck convincing everyone else of the pristine rightness of your vision; but please don't start repeatedly hacking sections out of articles without discussing it appropriately first. --Ray Radlein 05:48, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * You seem to have missed the point entirely. Most importantly, the fact that a mistake made elsewhere needs to be fixed, and not become an excuse to repeat it elsewhere.  Second, in my opener above, the obvious difference between listing noteworthy people from a town or college, which is aimed at listing everyone that meets minimal standards for mentioning, according to applicable policy on their specific activity, and making partial lists of people where the only criteria applied is a Wikipedia editor's opinion about who should be in that list. That sort of thing spreads easily, because people like celebrities and they like to rank them.  The fact that something like this managed to spread to multiple articles is, believe me, no indication that it is ok to proceed in that manner. A while back, I spearheaded the movement to remove a similar arbitrary ranking of "notable matches" on biographic articles of tennis players.  The basic requirement is that we need external sources that would have described any given match as "notable", or of some kind of "special relevance".  Today, all articles on tennis players that still carry that section will have links pointing to external sources that make note of that match specifically.  Does that mean that there are no tennis bios not conforming to this?  Probably not, because it is impossible to control or predict what people will add to articles, and sometimes it takes a while to find out that inadmissible data has been added.  But once they are found, they are removed. It is absolutely immaterial that other articles feature arbitrary selections of people made by Wikipedia editors.  Those need to be removed, and they do not, under any pretense, justify repeating this on other articles. So I'll be crystal clear now: I'm proceeding to remove that section for the third time.  Do not readd it, or I will block you from editing for POV-pushing.  I already mentioned this above, but I'm assuming good faith to an extra extent here.  Redux 13:34, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Katana
Hello, I thought you may like to voice your opinon on a matter that is currently being debated over at the DC comic book character | Katana's Talk page. It concerns Arrow. Thank you and cheers, LLArrow (talk) 21:00, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

Thanks + invitation
Hmlarson (talk) 17:00, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Reference errors on 9 June
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MLS/NWSL
The reason I linked the two was because they're both American top division soccer leagues drafting college players to their league clubs. I felt they were both relevant enough to each other to link, and that readers of both articles would be interested in crossing over to both. Quidster4040 (talk) 16:48, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

Barnstar for you
Hmlarson (talk) 19:46, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

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Use of minor edit
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title: User talk:Ray Radlein


text: Template:Ethnic groups in China

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Ethnic groups in China


text:
Skandia

Skandia is a Swedish financial services corporation that provides insurance, banking and asset management services.

Between 2006 and 2015, the financial group underwent major changes. From having been an insurance company with the main emphasis on non-life insurance to a business that is globally focused on savings, to once again becoming a Nordic banking and insurance group with a focus on security and long-term savings. In February 2006, the South African company Old Mutual took over the majority of shares in the company. In March 2012, Skandia Liv bought Skandia's Nordic operations back from Old Mutual and decided to transform Skandia into a customer-owned, mutual company retaining the Skandia name.

History
Skandia started out as a Swedish insurance company in 1855. It would go on to operates in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Skandia also operated an internet bank called Skandiabanken in the Nordic region.

In 1979, the company formed a UK subsidiary, Skandia Life.

In 2003, the operations in North America, American Skandia, were acquired by Prudential Financial. The CEO of American Skandia, Wade Dokken partnered with Goldman Sachs and sold the division to Prudential Financial for $1.2 billion.

In 2005 South African financial services group Old Mutual launched a $6.5bn (£3.6bn) bid to acquire majority control of Skandia, which was met with resistance from some of Skandia's shareholders and directors. On 3 February 2006 Old Mutual completed its acquisition of Skandia, which was subsequently delisted from the Stockholm and London stock exchanges.

, Skandia's largest operation, in terms of new business and profit, was the United Kingdom which was launched back in 1979. Their UK headquarters was Skandia House in Southampton. Skandia in the UK, along with Old Mutual Global Investors, formed Old Mutual Wealth. As well as in the UK, Old Mutual Wealth had operations in Europe and various international markets, overseeing £78.5 billion in customer investments. Paul Feeney was the Chief Executive Officer of Old Mutual Wealth.

In March 2012 Old Mutual sold the Nordic businesses (Sweden, Denmark, Norway) to the Swedish-based Skandia Liv, a partly mutual assurer, in an all-cash deal for £2.1bn. Skandia UK, Skandia International and the Skandia European businesses outside the Nordic region were rebranded as 'Old Mutual Wealth' in September 2014.

Operations
Following the sale of Skandia in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the Skandia brand operates independently of Old Mutual.

Sponsorships
Skandia UK was the title sponsor of the world’s largest sailing regatta, Cowes Week, held on the Isle of Wight, UK for 14 years, ending its association in 2008. From April 2006 to March 2013, Skandia UK was the title sponsor of the British sailing team, Skandia Team GBR. The team competed in the Olympic and Paralympic classes and included multiple Olympic gold medal winners such as Ben Ainslie and Iain Percy.

Skandia Poland sponsors the Skandia Marathon, a cycling event organised by Langteam in which over 1000 competitors, aged from 4 to 80 years old, take part.

Skandia International, which specialises in offshore investment, sponsors the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club and partners the United Arab Emirates Professional Golf Association in Singapore.

Rebranding
Following Old Mutual's takeover, Skandia announced it would be "going green" and underwent a rebranding from January 2008. The company announced that it would take 18 months for the rebranding to complete, with the UK and offshore division being first. The old logo was replaced with a new one to be more in-line with Old Mutual's colours.

Following Old Mutual’s sale the Nordic businesses (Sweden, Denmark, Norway) in March 2012 to the Swedish-based Skandia Liv, a partly mutual assurer, Skandia UK, Skandia International and the Skandia European businesses outside the Nordic region were rebranded as 'Old Mutual Wealth' in September 2014.

Criticisms
Controversy surrounded Skandia in the mid-nineties, mostly due to illegal internal affairs with the Swedish Skandia Life, and for having provided executives with subsidized apartments in Stockholm. The involved executives are among others Lars-Eric Petersson and Ulf Spång. The Skandia trademark and reputation were tainted in Sweden during this time. It was alleged in late 2003 that executives at Skandia had embezzled 13 billion Swedish kronor. Subsequently, the board had to resign and, in 2006, Lars-Eric Petersson was sentenced to two years in prison. However, the case was later appealed to a higher court.

On 19 December 2007, the Court of Appeal dismissed all charges against Lars-Eric Petersson.

The charges by the prosecutor proceeded from the prerequisite that the payments from Skandia’s bonus program, called Wealthbuilder, to the beneficiaries were limited to an amount of SEK 300 million during the time period 1 January 1998 – 31 December 1999. According to the prosecutor, Lars-Eric Petersson had, without the consent of the Board, removed the cap on the bonus programme by signing a document named Appendix 3, and thus causing payments of additionally approx. SEK 156 million to the beneficiaries. According to the Court of Appeal, the prosecutor was not able to prove that the limitation for Wealthbuilder was still in force when Lars-Eric Petersson signed Appendix 3 in December 2000. The charges were therefore dismissed. (Translation of the press release from the Svea Court of Appeal)

On 26 March 2010, the former legal head of Skandia Germany, Michael Wolski, was prosecuted for tax fraud of the Cezanowski family (about EUR 50 million which Michael Wolski cashed in) for 2 years and 6 months jail in Darmstadt, Germany. His wife Karin Wolski, who is a high court judge, resigned on the same day. His wife is driving among others a Bugatti Veyron, which was bought from the "stolen" money.

List of chief executive officers

 * 1855–1858 – Carl Gustaf von Koch
 * 1858–1861 – C D Jederholm
 * 1861–1869 – A W Dufva
 * 1869–1886 – Elis Fischer
 * 1887–1897 – Gustaf Lagerbring
 * 1897–1920 – Karl Herlitz
 * 1920–1930 – Oscar Kinnander
 * 1930–1944 – Pär Ulmgren
 * 1944–1955 – Iwar Sjögren
 * 1955–1961 – Bengt Petri
 * 1961–1969 – Pehr Gyllenhammar
 * 1970–1971 – Pehr G. Gyllenhammar
 * 1971–1981 – Arne Lundeborg
 * 1981–1996 – Björn Wolrath
 * 1997–2003 – Lars-Eric Petersson
 * 2003–2004 – Leif Victorin
 * 2004–2006 – Hans-Erik Andersson
 * 2006–2008 – Julian Roberts
 * 2008–2010 – Bertil Hult
 * 2010–2012 – Mårten Andersson
 * 2012–2015 – Bengt-Åke Fagerman
 * 2015–present – Frans Lindelöw

title: Skandia


text:
Berettyóújfalu

Berettyóújfalu is a town in Hajdú-Bihar county, in center of the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary, near the border with Romania. It is strategically located, being 35 km south of Debrecen, the second largest city in Hungary, and 40 km west of Oradea, the tenth largest city in Romania. Berettyóújfalu is named after the river Berettyó.

Geography
It covers an area of 170.98 km2 and has a population of about 15,000 people.

History
This area has been inhabited since ancient times. A lot of artifacts from the late Bronze Age were found in the town area. In the Iron Age, Scythians, Sarmatians, Celts and Huns conquered this area one after another.

After the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (C.E. 9–10th century) 14–15 villages came to be in this area where semi-nomad farming took place. The villages were built on the top of the hills, because this area was a huge swamp. People used boats to travel between the hills. Every settlement had at least one port.

The center of the villages was named Herpály. The first written mention of the village was the Regestrum Varadi in the 13th century. Herpály was important because of a Romanesque monastery (built in the 12th century). The village and the monastery were destroyed twice. No written records have survived about the monastery after the Mongol invasion of Europe (C.E. 1241–1242. in Hungary). At the first half of the 19th century the height of the walls was 8–12 meters (26–32 ft). Each of the two towers stood, until a local landowner demolished the north tower, because it was life-threatening. The bricks were offered to the base structure of the Reformed Church's organ. The ruin of the tower is called "csonkatorony" (lit. crooked tower) by the locals. The south tower and only its foundation is visible today.

Herpály had four streets in 1418, according to degree possession of sharing. The village had three pubs: one had a guestroom, the others had cellars. The estimated number of villagers was fewer than 300 people.

At the other bank of river Berettyó was a notable village, named Berettyószentmárton. It was a custom and tow place. In 1481 Matthias Corvinus (King of Hungary) donated right to hold markets for the settlement.

Herpály lamentable chronicle began in 1658, when Crimean Tatars burned the Berettyó-valley. The settlements was not completely destroyed, but Invasion Szejdi in 1660 certainly dispels the residents here.

Gábor Báthory (Prince of Transylvania, from 1608 to 1613) gave privilege for Berettyóújfalu on 23 May 1608, but it lost that privilege in the same century.

Significant changes happened in the landscape in the middle of the 19th century. The old "water world" disappeared when the river regulation had finished. The Püspökladány - Nagyvárad (later Oradea) railway line was built in 1858. It passes over Berettyóújfalu and gave dynamism to the development of the economy.

In the 1920s, with a new county hall, elementary school, hospital, official site built, Berettyóújfalu was the county seat of Bihar county between 1920 and 1940, and 1945–1950, because Oradea was annexed to Romania, after the Treaty of Trianon (4 June 1920). Later the government created Hajdú-Bihar County. From this time the county seat was Debrecen.

The catchment area is still large, the town is an important transport, economic and cultural center. There are five elementary and three high schools, a mill, a reconditioned spa, a regional hospital and major medical centers. Berettyóújfalu and Berettyószentmárton merged in 1970, and received city status in 1978.

Twin towns – sister cities
Berettyóújfalu is twinned with:
 * 🇷🇴 Marghita, Romania
 * 🇮🇹 Montegrotto Terme, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Porcia, Italy
 * 🇷🇺 Vyshny Volochyok, Russia

title: Berettyóújfalu


text:
Modern Times Group

Modern Times Group (MTG) is a digital entertainment company based in Stockholm, Sweden. It formed from the media holdings of investment company Kinnevik, which in 1997 was distributed to the company stockholders. It is a strategic and operational investment holding company, managing a portfolio including gaming companies InnoGames, Ninja Kiwi and Kongregate, and digital network company Zoomin.TV.

Kinnevik distributed the MTG shares to its shareholders in 2018 and in 2019 MTG distributed shares in the newly founded Nordic Entertainment Group (now Viaplay Group) to its shareholders following the strategic transformation into a global digital entertainment company.

Structure
Since July 2015, MTG's digital presence was expanded through a number of acquisitions. In 2015 MTG bought 74% of the shares in Turtle Entertainment, a top-tier esports tournament operator, owning brands such as Electronic Sports League (ESL). MTG then acquired 51% of the shares in Zoomin.TV, Europe's largest MCN and the 5th largest network on YouTube. Later the same year MTG made the acquisition of 100% of DreamHack, one of the biggest esports tournament organisers in the world. In 2016 and 2017 MTG continued its journey by acquiring 35% of a leading German games developing company InnoGames and U.S. based games publishing company Kongregate. Since the start of its investment operations, MTG has made further share acquisitions in the before-mentioned companies.

Timeline
Below is a timeline of MTG milestones since 1987.

1980s

 * In 1987, TV3 launches in Sweden on New Year's Eve becoming the first commercial channel in Scandinavia. In 1988 the channel started broadcasting to Norway and Denmark. The number of viewers increases from 1.2 million at launch to 3.4 million at the end of 1988.
 * In 1988, Strix launches independent TV production.
 * In 1989, pay channel TV1000 launches.
 * In 1989 TV Shop starts selling products and services on TV3.

1990

 * TV3 achieves 45% penetration in Sweden and commands 90% of the TV advertising market.
 * Acquisition of majority shareholding in Svensk Text (SDI Media).
 * September: TV3 Denmark launches, replacing the Pan-Scandinavian version.

1991

 * TV3 reports an annual profit.
 * TV3 Norway launches, each Scandinavian country now has its own version of TV3.
 * TV4 granted license as Sweden's third terrestrial TV station. Kinnevik acquires 30% shareholding in TV4.
 * Launch of Viasat DTH satellite pay-TV platform.
 * TV1000 merges with competitor SF Succé.

1992

 * ZTV's first year as an independent channel.
 * Kinnevik's media companies report an annual profit.

1993

 * September: P4 Radio Hele Norge a national commercial radio network in Norway is launched. MTG is one of its founders.
 * First commercial radio licenses obtained in Sweden. TV3 commences Teletext broadcasting.
 * Terrestrial TV channels launched in Estonia and Lithuania.

1994

 * TV4 becomes largest channel in Sweden.
 * TV6 launched.

1995

 * MTG incorporated as Kinnevik subsidiary.
 * Metro launched in Stockholm.
 * Minority holding acquired in Finanstidningen daily business newspaper.

1996

 * Satellite TV distribution platform switched from Astra to NSAB.
 * January: Radio Rix radio network formed through a merger between MTG's P6 and SRU.
 * April: ZTV and TV6 merged to form 3+ in Denmark.

1997

 * Launch of Viasat+, an analogue low-pay satellite package broadcast from the NSAB satellite consisting of MTG's own television channels as well as Nickelodeon, VH1 and Sci-Fi Channel.
 * Shares in MTG distributed to Kinnevik shareholders and listed on Stockholm Börsinformation and Nasdaq National Market in New York. Second Metro edition published in Prague.
 * Strix becomes the first company in the world to produce the Survivor reality TV format.

1998

 * February: Metro launches in Gothenburg.
 * March: TV6 in Sweden relaunches as a Pan-Nordic pay channel called "TV6 Nature World" and "TV6 Action World".
 * ZTV moves from Stockholm to London and expands its schedule considerably.
 * MTG acquires the Latvian television channel Channel 31 (31. kanāls), which is later transformed into TV3 Latvia.
 * Viasat's satellite TV subscribers exceed 1 million.
 * Commercial radio operations launched in Estonia and Latvia.
 * September: Metro launches in Budapest.

1999

 * Metro launched in Malmö, Helsinki and the Netherlands.
 * Monthly magazine Kapital launched in Sweden.
 * Internet portal Everyday.com introduced.
 * Swedish business channel TV8 acquired.
 * MTG's shares quoted on Stockholmsbörsen O-list.
 * February: Launch of CDON.COM.
 * March: Launch of sports channel Viasat Sport.
 * June: Darial-TV started broadcasting as DTV-Viasat.

2000

 * March: Launch of television channel Viasat Plus in Norway.
 * Annual General Meeting approves distribution of Metro International S.A. share capital to MTG shareholders.
 * Hans-Holger Albrecht appointed President and CEO of MTG.
 * MTG buys the Hungarian television channel Alfa TV which becomes Viasat3.
 * PIN24 launches on Sky TV's platform in the UK.
 * MTG buys the rest of TV1000 from its parent company.
 * Viasat launched its digital satellite platform.

2001

 * May: Viasat becomes first European satellite TV broadcaster to switch off analog transmission of premium pay-TV channels following a successful transition to digital TV.
 * TV3 awarded national terrestrial broadcasting license in Latvia.
 * Digital home-shopping channel PIN24 launched in Denmark.
 * MTG acquires 75% of Russian national commercial TV channel.
 * Options to Strix reality TV formats sold in over 30 countries to date.
 * Viasat launches four new digital pay-TV channels in the Nordic region.
 * EUR 120 million convertible subordinated bonds issued to fund further expansion.
 * Number of Viasat digital DTH subscribers increases to over 550,000 by year-end.

2002

 * January: Viasat Sport Denmark and Viasat Explorer launches.
 * January: Acquisition of 37 percent of StoryFirst Communications, Inc., owner of the Russian CTC network.
 * January: Acquisition of Swedish radio stations Lugna Favoriter and WOW 105.5 from RTL Group.
 * New TV3 schedule recovers share of viewing in Scandinavia.
 * Doubling of Eastern European TV revenues.
 * Launch of PIN24 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
 * Launch of Tango TV in Lithuania.
 * Increase in the number of digital DTH subscribers to 617,000 and more than doubling of pay-TV operating income.
 * TV1000 and Baltic operations both report their first annual profits, and TV-Shop turned around. SEK 423 million increase in operating free cash flow.

2003

 * TV3 Scandinavia recovers share of viewing and advertisement sales.
 * Eastern European operations profitable on a combined basis.
 * Pay-TV record operating income SEK 505 million.
 * Viasat signs agreement with NDS VideoGuard to eliminate piracy.
 * Launch of pay-TV channels TV 1000 East and Viasat Explorer in Eastern and Central Europe.

2004

 * MTG reports highest ever operating result.
 * February: Launch of Viasat Sport 2 and Viasat Sport 3
 * May: Viasat History launches in Eastern Europe.
 * September: Launch of TV1000 Action, TV1000 Classic, TV1000 Family and TV1000 Nordic.
 * Viasat successfully completes implementation of a new conditional access system.
 * Highest net subscriber intake since digitalisation of platform in 2000.
 * Viasat's four channels reach 6.4 million homes in Central and Eastern Europe.
 * MTG acquires remaining minority interests in DTV and increases its shareholding in CTC Media and Radio Hele Norge following the sale of SDI Media for US$60 million.
 * MTG acquires 19.9% of betting company BET24.
 * MTG also signs agreement with NRJ Group to assume management of 20 radio stations in Sweden (and 5 in Norway), thereby increasing penetration for MTG's national network to 83%.

2005
MTG sells its 15.1 percent interest in TV4 AB in January 2005. In March, CTC Media launches the Domashny television network in Russia.

In July 2005, Modern Entertainment Ltd., its film rights unit in Los Angeles, agreed to sell 332 films to Lionsgate Films and shut down its operations to focus on European operations.
 * October: Launch of Russian language movie channel TV1000 Russian Kino.
 * October: SportN launches in Norway.
 * November: TV1000 Balkan launches.

2006

 * March: MTG became majority shareholder of Bet24, owning 90% of the company.
 * May: TV6 launches in Sweden.
 * September: MTG increases its holding P4 Radio Hele Norge to 90.8 percent, becoming the sole owner in December.
 * November: Viasat Sport East launches.

2007

 * January: Viasat Golf launches in the Nordic countries.
 * March: MTG buys the Balkan Media Group Limited Bulgarian channels: Diema, Diema 2, Diema Family, Diema Extra, MM and M2
 * April: TV6 launches in Latvia.
 * May: M2 in Bulgaria is closed down.
 * September: Viasat 4 launches, replacing ZTV in Norway.
 * October: CTC-media bought & rebrand DTV

2008

 * January: Viasat launches high-definition television in the Nordic countries.
 * March: TV6 launches in Estonia.
 * April: TV1000 Premium launches in the Baltics.
 * July: MTG buys Nova television and Nova+ from Antenna Group.
 * September: Tango TV relaunches as TV6 Lithuania.
 * December: Viasat 1 launches in Ghana.
 * December: Nova+ in Bulgaria is closed down.

2009

 * January: Viasat Sport Baltic launches.
 * February: TV1000 Drama launches.
 * March: TV3 Puls launches in Denmark.
 * The Diema Media Group and MM, previously a joint-venture between MTG and Apace Media, are merged with Nova television to create the Nova Broadcasting Group.
 * April: Prima Cool launches in the Czech Republic.

2010

 * April: Nova Sport launches in Bulgaria, replacing MM.
 * September: TV10 launches in Sweden.
 * December: Modern African Productions was founded in Ghana.
 * December: MTG launched as the first Scandinavian pay-TV operator 3D content in their Viasat offer.

2011

 * March: Prima love launches in the Czech Republic.
 * August: M.A.P. launches her first production in Ghana.
 * September: Kino Nova launches in Bulgaria, replacing Diema 2.
 * October: TV8 opened in Lithuania. CTC-Media launched Peretz based on DTV.
 * November: CTC opened in Baltic.

2012

 * January: MTG reaches an agreement on acquiring Latvian channels LNT, TV5 and Kanāls 2.
 * February: In Slovenia closed down TV3.
 * March: All TV 1000 channels in Nordic countries renamed as Viasat Film.
 * April: Nova Premier League HD launches in Bulgaria.
 * June: Viasat Motor launches in Baltic.
 * July: Jorgen Madsen appointed President and CEO of MTG.
 * October: Game-services Bet24 sold.
 * November: Running HD-version channels TV6 Sweden, Viasat 4, Viasat Explorer, Viasat History, Viasat Nature, Viasat Crime.

2013

 * January: Radio station NRJ Sweden sold to SBS Sweden (ProSiebenSat.1). In Denmark running TV3 Sport 1.
 * February: Prima ZOOM opened in Czech Republic. Running TV3 Sport 2 in Denmark.
 * March: Running HD-version TV3 Denmark.
 * November: TV6 opened in Norway.
 * June: Nova Premier League HD in Bulgaria is closed down.
 * July: Nova Sport HD launches in Bulgaria.

2014

 * February: MTG acquires 75% Trace Partners SAS (brand 'TRACE')
 * December: Russian satellite TV-platform Raduga TV closed down.

2015

 * February: MTG sold Hungarian Free-TV channels (Viasat 3, Viasat 6 and Hungarian video-portal Viasat Play) to Sony Pictures Television Networks.
 * February: Diema Sport launches in Bulgaria.
 * June: MTG acquires 74% of the German gaming company Turtle Entertainment.
 * August: Diema Sport 2 launches in Bulgaria.
 * September: MTG acquires majority stake in esports company Turtle Entertainment and its subsidiaries Electronic Sports League (ESL)
 * October: MTG sold Russian & international pay-TV channels (factual, movie and sports channels in Russia. TV1000 and pan-regional factual channels in international) to Baring Vostok Company in international and LLC Sinerdzhi in Russia.
 * November: MTG acquires Swedish esports tournament DreamHack
 * December: MTG and minoritaries sold 75% CTC Media to ″UTH Holding″ in Russia.

2016

 * March: MTG sold Ukrainian pay-TV company Viasat Ukraine to 1+1 Media Group. In Latvia, Russian-language channel TV5 closed down.
 * May: MTG took a 22 per cent stake in Engage Sports Media (ESM). ESM described the deal as a ‘strategically important investment’ that will allow ESM to accelerate its growth and focuses on content IP development, technical tools and adding new talent across the business. Arnd Benninghoff, CEO of MTGx said “this investment reflects our focus on becoming the leading digital video entertainment company in each of our markets, and our strategy to invest in relevant, complementary and scalable digital brands, content and communities.”
 * August: For the Nordic Market, Viasat launches Scandinavia's first UHD Channel to deliver select Rio 2016 OL programs (and future UHD Sports Broadcasts) as well as a new HD Sports Channel branded "Viasat Sport Premium.",
 * October: MTG acquires 35% in German games developer Innogames
 * December: MTG sold African business (Viasat 1 (Ghana), TV1 (Tanzania) and Modern African Production (MAP)) to Econet Media Group.

2017

 * January: MTG sold FTV Prima Holding to Denemo Media (part of GES GROUP). In April 2017, the transaction was completed.
 * March: MTG sold business in Baltic States to Providence Equity Partners. In October 2017, the transaction was completed.
 * May: MTG increased its stake in German games developer InnoGames to 51% by investing EUR 82.6 million.
 * June: MTG acquires Kongregate.
 * October: MTG launched TV3 MAX in Denmark which replaced TV3 Sport 2.
 * October: MTG sells its free-TV, pay-TV, digital and radio businesses in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to the asset management firm Providence Equity Partners, uniting them under the All Media Baltics company name.
 * December: MTG secured the exclusive Nordic media rights to the five-a-side-football variant Futsal's biggest European tournament, UEFA Futsal Euro 2018.
 * December: MTG launched a $30 million gaming investment fund.

2018

 * January: MTG sold TRACE Media Group to TPG Growth. In May 2018, the transaction was completed.
 * February: MTG business in Scandinavia (MTG Nordic Entertainment and MTG Studios) combination with TDC Group proposed. MTG sold Nova Broadcasting Group in Bulgaria to PPF Group.
 * March: Board of Directors of TDC Group withdraws its recommendation of combination with MTG Nordics. Modern Times Group (MTG) will split into two companies: Nordic Entertainment Group (MTG Nordic Entertainment, MTG Studios and Splay Networks) and new MTG company (MTGx).
 * May: MTG increased the share in Zoom.in Group B.V. (Zoomin.TV) from 51% to 100%.
 * June: Nordic Entertainment Group companies Splay Networks and Nice One will merge to new company SplayOne.

2019

 * March: The separation between MTG and Nordic Entertainment Group is finalized and Nordic Entertainment Group is listed as a separate company on Nasdaq Nordic Large Cap.

2020s

 * In March 2021, MTG acquired Ninja Kiwi, allowing them to expand their business into the tower defense genre.
 * In July 2021, MTG acquired 100% of the shares of PlaySimple, expanding MTG's business into the casual games and word games genres.
 * In January 2022, MTG sold ESL to Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund Savvy Gaming Group (SGG). SGG also acquired FACEIT, and will merge the two esports companies to form the ESL FaceIt Group. The acquisition is set to close in Q2 2022.

title: Modern Times Group


text:
Atlas Copco

Atlas Copco (Copco from Compagnie Pneumatique Commerciale), also known as Atlas Kopkou, is a Swedish multinational industrial company that was founded in 1873. It manufactures industrial tools and equipment.

The Atlas Copco Group is a global industrial group of companies headquartered in Nacka, Sweden. In 2019, global revenues totaled SEK104 billion, and by the end of that year, the company employed about 38,774 people. The firm's shares are listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange and both 'A' and 'B' classes form part of the benchmark OMXS30 index.

Atlas Copco companies develop, manufacture, service, and rent industrial tools, air compressors (of which it is the world's leading producer), construction and assembly systems. The Group operates in four areas: Compressor Technology, Vacuum Technology, Power Technology and Industrial Technology.

Early development
AB Atlas, as it was previously named, was founded by Edvard Fränckel, who was a Swedish industrialist, politician and senior official at the Swedish State Railways. The company was established along with Andre O. Wallenberg, Johan W. Arnberg, Carl G. Cervin and Fredrik Didro.

In its inauguration phase, Atlas dealt with the manufacturing, purchasing and selling of material for railway construction and operations. After the recession in the 1880s, Atlas diversified its products and branched off into locomotives, central heating and tool machinery. In 1899, Atlas began developing their first air compressors and established itself as a compressor manufacturer. As older production branches started phasing out, Atlas teamed up with Diesel Motors in 1917, and the new company, Atlas Diesel, emerged with two primary divisions: diesel engines and compressor air products.

War-time development
The Atlas Diesel merger experienced significant growth during the First World War and towards the end of the war, the export was 40–50 % of production. The depression years caused significant losses for the company, which led to several financial reconstructions in the 1920s and 1930s.

During the Second World War, manufacturing capabilities were developed. The "Swedish method" influenced the firm's pneumatic program, consisting of lightweight rock drills and drill bits with carbide tips. In 1948, the company terminated its diesel manufacturing and the name "Atlas Diesel" was no longer pertinent. The name Atlas Copco became official in 1955 and was inspired by the Belgian subsidiary Compagnie Pneumatique Commerciale (Trading Pneumatic Company).

Post-war international expansion
The acquisition of the Belgian compressor company Arpic Engineering in 1956, was the firm's first major international acquisition. Eventually, Arpic's plants carried out the majority of Atlas Copco's compressor production. In 1960, the company purchased Craelius. In the 1970s, a number of strategic acquisitions were made, including the French compressor manufacturer Mauguière. In order to strengthen their position in the United States, several strategic acquisitions were made in the airpower business, including the key purchase of Worthington Compressors.

They purchased Chicago Pneumatic Tools in 1987. In 1992, AEG Elektrowerkzeuge was purchased, and in 1995, Milwaukee Electric Tool was acquired. In 2004, Milwaukee Electric Tool was sold to a Hong Kong-based manufacturer, Techtronic Industries. In 1997, Atlas Copco purchased Prime Service Corporation, which was the largest machine leasing company in the United States. The North American Rental Service Corporation was purchased in 1999.

Business areas
Since 2017, Atlas Copco has had four main business areas: Compressor Technique, Vacuum Technique, Industrial Technique and Power Technique.

Compressor Technique
Atlas Copco's Compressor Technique area creates products such as industrial compressors, oil and gas treatment equipment, air management systems, and gas and process compressor and expanders. The products are mainly used in the manufacturing, oil, gas and process industries.

Vacuum Technique
Atlas Copco's Vacuum Technique business area provides vacuum products, exhaust management systems, valves and related products mainly under the Edwards, Leybold and Atlas Copco brands. The main markets served are semiconductors, chemical processing industries, food packaging and paper handling. Principal product development and manufacturing units are located in the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Germany, South Korea, the United States, China and Japan.

Industrial Technique
Atlas Copco's products in Industrial Technique are mainly developed for the automotive and aerospace industries, but are also used in industrial manufacturing, maintenance and vehicle service. Products manufactured include assembly systems, industrial power tools, quality assurance products and various types of software.

Power Technique
This area produces portable compressors, lighting towers, pumps, generators, paving equipment, compaction equipment, demolition tools and construction tools for infrastructure projects. These include civil works, road construction, gas and oil, and drilling construction projects.

Operations
Atlas Copco manufactures critical equipment components in-house and cooperates with business partners for non-critical components. Approximately 75% of the production cost of equipment represents purchased components and around 25% are internally manufactured core components, assembly costs and overhead. Equipment represents less than 64% of revenues and the manufacturing of equipment is primarily based on customer orders. Only some standard, high-volume equipment is manufactured based on projected demand.

Atlas Copco has customer centres in about 71 countries and sales in about 180 countries. Sales and service are primarily direct but also channeled through alternative sales mechanisms, e.g. distributors. Sales of equipment are performed by engineers and service and maintenance are performed by technicians. Service is the responsibility of divisions in each business area. The responsibility includes the development of service products, sales and marketing, technical support, service delivery and follow-up. About 36% of revenues are generated from services (spare parts, maintenance, repairs, consumables, accessories and rental).

Brands
The Atlas Copco Group has dozens of brands around the world, including Chicago Pneumatic for compressors and tools, Edwards for vacuums, BeaconMedeas for medical gas and SCA & Henrob for automotive assembly.

Notable brands include:
 * Chicago Pneumatic
 * Desoutter Tools
 * Edwards
 * Leybold GmbH

Structure
Atlas Copco's operations are organized into four business areas and more than 20 divisions. The organization has both operating units and legal units. Each operating unit has a business board. The duty of a business board is to serve as an advisory and decision-making body on strategic operational issues. It also ensures the implementation of controls and assessments. Each legal company has a legal board focusing on compliance and the legal structure of the group.

In 2018, Atlas Copco decided on a split and formed Epiroc AB which will focus on customers in the mining, infrastructure and natural resources segments. Epiroc is a fully independent company.

Innovation
Atlas Copco conducts research and development in a wide range of technologies at their global research centres, where each division has its own individual area of focus and resources. Training and workshops have been rolled out in customer centres and product companies globally. The company puts its focus on growth in automation to bring more production back to the US and Europe. In 2020, Atlas Copco acquired Isra Vision in February and Perceptron in September to automate more. In March 2022, Atlas Copco acquired the assets of Ceres Technologies, an US-based manufacturer and designer of gas and vapour delivery equipment for the semiconductor industry.

title: Atlas Copco


text:
Kinderwhore

Kinderwhore is a fashion style most notably worn by some female grunge and alternative rock musicians in the US during the early to mid-1990s. The style is characterized through the combination of cute, feminine fashion items like babydoll and Peter Pan collared dresses, with more adult aspects like smudged red lipstick and dark eye makeup. It has its origins in the mid-1980s band Pagan Babies, which featured future Babes in Toyland vocalist/guitarist Kat Bjelland and future Hole vocalist/guitarist Courtney Love, who lived together and shared clothes. Following the band's disbandment, the two's subsequent bands achieved significant mainstream success and led to the fashion being popularised amongst the general public and being referenced by high fashion designers including Marc Jacobs.

Fashion
Kinderwhore fashion is based around a childlike fashion silhouette and accessories in combination with punk fashion's "rips and tears". Common items include torn, ripped tight or low-cut babydoll and Peter-Pan-collared dresses, slips, knee-socks, heavy makeup with dark eyeliner, slip dresses, ripped tights, bleached hair, smudged red lipstick, lingerie, cardigans, barrettes, and leather boots or Mary Jane shoes.

Mish Way described it as "intentionally taking the most constraining parts of the feminine, good-girl aesthetic, inflating them to a cartoon level, and subverting them to kill any ingrained insecurities." She further noted that although the look was very feminine, when its exponents performed onstage they "stood tall and confident, they threw their guitars around like weapons, and screamed out whip-smart feminist lyrics. These women were questioning the cultural importance of typical beauty through costume and the stage." Fashion academic Morna Laing likened the style to a same-sex form of drag by "exaggerating the contradictory demands of ideal femininity; betraying its constructed-ness; subverting it from within".

Interviewed in 1994, Love commented:

"I would like to think—in my heart of hearts—that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? thing. My angle was irony."

History
In the mid–1980s, musicians Kat Bjelland and Courtney Love shared an apartment together while playing in the band Pagan Babies. During this time, the pair would often borrow one another's clothes. Both are generally credited by publications including i-D, the Guardian and Rolling Stone as inventing the kinderwhore fashion style, however both dispute the other's involvement. In interviews, Love credited the inspiration for the style as coming from KatieJane Garside of Daisy Chainsaw and Christine Amphlett of Divinyls. Furthermore, during this period, many of the style's prominent characteristics such as vintage clothing, velvet and 1970s polyester were cheap and easily accessible. i-D observed that the name "kinderwhore" was coined by Melody Maker journalist Everett True, whereas the Guardian credited the term to Bjelland.

Following the 1987 disbandment of Pagan Babies, Bjelland formed Babes in Toyland and Love formed Hole, and both continued to sport this look. In the 1990s, these groups received significant mainstream success. As early as 1992, the style was beginning to slip into mainstream and high fashion, with Perry Ellis' 1992 Grunge collection, by Marc Jacobs embracing elements of kinderwhore. The Guardian specifically cited the 1994 music video for Hole's song "Miss World" as when "The look went viral." Soon, major fashion magazines like Seventeen and Sassy featured editorials on how to achieve the look.

Legacy
With the rise of the soft grunge fashion trend in the 2010s, kinderwhore received a revived interest. Meadham Kirchhoff's spring/summer 2012 collection was inspired by the style, with its runway show being opened by introducing a group of women dressed as Courtney Love during Hole 1996 Reading Festival performance, with Jeremy Scott's fall/winter 2014 collection and Yves Saint Laurent's Resort 2016 collections also embracing this influence. Furthermore, brand including Urban Outfitters, Forever 21 and Free People began putting an emphasis on many of the items that defined kinderwhore fashion, as did Kanye West and Kim Kardashian's childrenswear collection the Kids Supply. In 2019 designer Batsheva Hay cited Courtney Love's "kinderwhore aesthetic" as inspiration. Hay said Love's look "was so of that time but she was also so ahead of her time".

The style received a minor revival in the early 2020s through videos posted on the video sharing application TikTok and mainstream musicians including Olivia Rodrigo taking influence from its aesthetics for her debut album Sour (2021). The 2020 novel Dead Rock Stars by the English author Guy Mankowski depicts a fictional Kinderwhore band called Cherub, whose lead singer Emma draws from the Kinderwhore aesthetic of 'Hollywood glamour of tiaras and satin dresses... with a twisted, girlish sensibility.' Mankowski added, 'I was influenced by the urge that such artists had to use their body to offer a message, with them making the very most of the textual space that comes with being in a band.'

title: Kinderwhore


text: Template:New Religious Movements

title: Template:New Religious Movements


text:
Assa Abloy

Assa Abloy AB is a Swedish Group whose offerings include products and services related to locks, doors, gates, and entrance automation. Related products and services include controlling access and confirming identities with keys, cards, tags, mobile, and biometric identity verification systems.

The company was formed in 1994, when Assa AB was separated from Swedish security firm Securitas AB. Shortly thereafter, Assa AB merged with the Finnish high security lock manufacturer Abloy Oy (based in Joensuu, a then subsidiary of the Finnish company Wärtsilä). The company was introduced to the Stockholm Stock Exchange later the same year. Assa Abloy has since made over 300 acquisitions including Yale, Chubb Locks, Medeco in the United States, Mul-T-Lock in Israel and Fichet-Bauche in France. Its two largest shareholders are Latour and Melker Schörling AB.

Name
Assa Abloy was founded at the merger of the two companies Assa and Abloy in 1994. Assa stands for August Stenman Stenman August. The name Abloy comes from a contraction of the Swedish Finnish bilingual name Ab Låsfabriken Lukkotehdas Oy, meaning literally Corp. Lock Factory Lock Factory Corp. (first Corp. and Låsfabriken from Swedish, last Lukkotehdas and Corp. from Finnish). In 1919 the company was renamed Aktiebolag Lukko Osakeyhtiö, understood word for word as Corp. Lock Corp.

Founding, growth and development
Assa Abloy was formed in 1994, through the merger of Swedish firm ASSA and Finnish high security lock manufacturer Abloy. The company was introduced to the Stockholm Stock Exchange later the same year.

From a regional company with 4,700 employees in 1994, Assa Abloy has become a global group with 61,000 employees in 2023. The company has grown its revenue by more than 9% annually and operates now in over 70 countries.

Revenue in 2022 was SEK 120,793 M. Sales revenue in 2023 was 140,716 M. The increase of 16% was a third due to the effects of the exchange rate.

Brands

 * ASSA, Sweden (name giver) (August Stenman Stenman August)
 * Abloy, Joensuu & Helsinki, Finland (name giver) (AktieBolag Lukko OsakeYhtiö)
 * Arrow, United States
 * August Home, United States
 * Besam, Sweden (Bertil Samuelsson)
 * Baron, Canada
 * Corbin Russwin, United States
 * Carlisle Brass, United Kingdom
 * FAB, Czech Republic
 * Guoqiang, China
 * HID (Hughes Identification Devices), United States
 * HKC Security, Ireland
 * Ikon, Germany
 * JPM, France (Jean Pierre Maquennehen)
 * Kwikset
 * Keso, Switzerland (Keller & Sohn)
 * LaFonte, Brazil
 * LIPS, The Netherlands
 * Litto, Belgium (Littoral)
 * Lockwood, Australia
 * Lorient, United Kingdom
 * MAUER, Bulgaria
 * Medeco, United States (Mechanical Development Company)
 * Mul-T-Lock, Israel
 * NEMEF, The Netherlands
 * Papaiz, Brazil
 * Phillips, Mexico
 * PTI Security Systems, United States (Preffered Technology Incorporated)
 * Rixson, United States
 * Ruko, Denmark (Rudolf Koreska)
 * Tesa, Spain (Talleres Eskoriaza Sociedad Annonima)
 * Traka, United Kingdom
 * Silvana, Brazil
 * St Guchi, Malaysia
 * Sure-Loc Hardware, United States
 * Udinese, Brazil
 * Union, United Kingdom
 * Vachette, France
 * VingCard Elsafe, Norway
 * Yale, except for United States and Canada
 * Securitech, United States

Acquisitions
In May 1999, the acquisition of Effeff Fritz Fuss in Germany enabled Assa Abloy to enter the electromechanical lock market. Assa Abloy also acquires Mul-T-Lock in Israel, a manufacturer of high security locks. Assa Abloy doubles in size in 2000, when it acquires the global lock group Yale Intruder Security. In the same year, Assa Abloy acquires HID, adding electronic identification to its product portfolio.

In April 2002, Assa Abloy Group acquired Besam, a Swedish company specialized in automatic pedestrian doors. Another important acquisition for the group was Fargo Electronics, a company which develops systems for safe issuing of credit, bank, debit and ID cards. This was followed by other acquisitions such as Baodean in China and Irevo in South Korea in 2007.

In 2009, the Italian door automation manufacturer, Ditec, was bought. Important acquisitions were also made in September 2011, with the purchase of Crawford and Flexiforce. A number of purchases followed in 2012. In April 2012 Traka, a company specialising in key and asset management was acquired. The group also acquired Albany Door Systems, a manufacturer of high speed industrial doors. November 2013 came with the purchase of the Polish fire and security door manufacturer Mercor SA, Ameristar USA, and Amarr.

In December 2018, Assa Abloy acquired Lorient, a UK based designer and manufacturer of high performance door sealing systems.

In December 2018, Assa Abloy acquired Luxer One, a package locker business in the US.

In February 2020, Assa Abloy acquired the UK-based, 140-strong biometric access and workforce management technology business, Biosite.

In May 2021, Assa Abloy acquired Sure-Loc, the leading supplier of residential locks and associated hardware in the US.

In September 2021, Assa Abloy acquired the Hardware and Home Improvement ("HHI") division of Spectrum Brands for $4.3 billion. HHI has a varied portfolio of products, including patented SmartKey technology and electronic, smart and biometric locks. Key brands include Kwikset, Baldwin, Weiser, Pfister and National Hardware. HHI is headquartered in Lake Forest, California with some 7,500 employees worldwide and has manufacturing facilities in the United States, Mexico, Taiwan, China, and the Philippines.

In December 2022, Assa Abloy acquired the New York-headquartered provider of rugged handheld mobile computers and readers, Janam Technologies.

On September 8, 2021, Assa Abloy announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire Spectrum Brands' HHI division, including Kwikset, among other brands, for a purchase price of $4.3 billion. The transaction was initially expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2021. On June 20, 2023, the purchase of the "HHI" division of Spectrum Brands was competed, this included the Kwikset brand.

In October 2023, Assa Abloy acquired New York-headquartered manufacturer of high-security mechanical and electronic door hardware products in the U.S., Securitech Group Inc.

Cooperation with colleges and universities
The company is a Corporate Partner in the Stockholm School of Economics partner program for companies that contribute financially to the college and works closely with regard to research and education. In October 2015, Assa Abloy joined as partner to KTH Royal Institute of Technology’s Things, a start up hub for companies in the Internet-of-things sector.

title: Assa Abloy


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1997 in LGBT rights

This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1997.

Events

 * Sodomy is decriminalized in the People's Republic of China.
 * Fiji becomes the second country in the world whose constitution explicitly protects against discrimination based on sexual orientation, although the Fijian government does not invalidate or repeal its sodomy laws.
 * U.S. state of Maine bans sexual orientation discrimination in the private sector. The ban is later repealed in a referendum.
 * U.S. state of New Hampshire bans sexual orientation discrimination in the private sector.

April

 * 30 — Ellen DeGeneres's character Ellen Morgan comes out as gay in "The Puppy Episode", seen by 42 million viewers.

July

 * 2 — District judge Eugene Nickerson in Abel v. United States of America, a challenge to "don't ask, don't tell", rules that the law in its entirety violates the First and Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

October

 * 3 — In Ontario, Canada court rules that the Government of Ontario's Insurance Act must include same-sex partners in its definition of spouse.

November

 * 25 — Homosexuality is decriminalized in Ecuador following a landmark decision handed down by the Constitutional Tribunal.

December

 * Annise Parker is elected as an at-large member of the Houston City Council alongside mayoral candidate Lee P. Brown.
 * 2 — David Catania becomes the first openly gay or lesbian person to be elected to the city council of Washington, D.C.
 * 10 — The Constitution Review Committee in Florida votes 6–2 to reject adding sexual orientation as a criterion for protection in the state constitution.
 * 16 — In New Zealand, the court of appeal rules unanimously not to grant same-sex couples the right to marry.
 * 17 — In the U.S. state of New Jersey, same-sex couples are given the right to jointly adopt children.

title: 1997 in LGBT rights


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Autoliv

Autoliv, Inc. is an American, Swedish-headquartered automotive safety supplier with sales to all leading car manufacturers worldwide. Together with its joint ventures, Autoliv has over 68,000 employees in 27 countries, of whom 5700 are involved in research, development and engineering. In addition, the company has 14 technical centers around the world, including 20 test tracks, more than any other automotive safety supplier.

The group is among the largest Tier 1 automotive suppliers in the world, with annual revenues exceeding US$8 billion, and is part of the Fortune 500, ranking #289 in 2018.

Autoliv is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. In the United States, Autoliv, Inc. is incorporated in Delaware, USA. The company's shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and its Swedish Depository Receipts on the Nasdaq Stockholm.

History
Autoliv was founded in Vårgårda, Sweden in the form of Auto Service AB in 1953 by Lennart Lindblad. In 1956, the company became a pioneer in seat belt technology when it began production of two-point seat belts. The name of the company was changed to Autoliv AB in 1968. It was bought in 1974 by Granges Weda AB, inventors of the retractable seat belt. Granges Weda was acquired in turn in 1989 by Electrolux and changed its name to Electrolux Autoliv AB. During the 1980s and 1990s, the company grew through acquisitions, mainly in Europe. Between 1994 and 1997 the company was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange under the name of Autoliv AB and in 1997 it merged with the American firm Morton ASP Inc to form Autoliv Inc. In June 2018, the company spun off its Electronics business into a separate company Veoneer Inc.

In November 2019, Autoliv selected Fredrik Westin as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, succeeding Interim CFO Christian Hanke.

Products
The company develops, manufactures and markets safety systems (estimated market share of approximately 42% in 2020) such as airbags, seatbelts, steering wheels, and passive safety electronics. It also produces pedestrian protection systems.

title: Autoliv


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Streynsham Master

Sir Streynsham Master (28 October 1640 – 28 April 1724) was an English colonial administrator who was one of the 17th-century pioneers of the English East India Company. He served as the Agent of Madras from 27 January 1678 to 3 July 1681, and is credited with having introduced the first administrative reforms in the Madras Government. He banned sati and prohibited the burning of a Hindu widow in 1680 in what is the first official British response to sati. He made English the sole official language and language of court in the Madras Presidency, replacing the Portuguese, Tamil and Malayalam languages.

Returning to England, in 1692 he bought the Codnor Castle estate and for the rest of his life divided his time between Derbyshire and London.

Early career
Streynsham Master had a distinguished career in the East India Company (EIC) right from his early days. He served as the Acting President of the company's factory (trading post) at Surat during the visit of the factory's President Gerald Aungier to the new colony at Bombay. After the return of Aungier, Master served for some time as a member of the EIC Council. In 1670 he led the English in the successful defence of his company in Surat against the Marathas. In 1676, even before the then Agent Sir William Langhorne's removal from power, Master was nominated in advance as the next Agent of Madras in the case of emergency. In the meantime, until the end of Langhorne's tenure, Master served for a time as the Agent of the company's factory at Masulipatnam and then Bengal, where he was tasked with introducing a new administrative system for the factories on the Hooghly River; lastly he was sent back to Fort St. George to take office as the second member of the EIC Council.

Shivaji's Campaign
In August 1678, the Maratha Emperor Shivaji sent an army of 1,500 horse to capture Poonamallee. While the Maratha army camped near Kanchipuram, news reached the Council at Fort St George by means of the company's spies that the Marathas intended to proceed upon Madras, Sadras and Pulicat. However, the information proved to be false as the Maratha troops immediately returned to the north from whence they came after the siege of Poonamallee.

Foundation of St Mary's Church
The foundations of St Mary's church, the oldest Anglican church in Madras, were laid during the Agency of Streynsham Master. The foundation of the church was laid on Lady Day, 1678. The construction of the church was completed in two and a half years and it opened on 28 October 1680.

Lingappa Naik's Demands
In August 1678 Lingappa Naik, the Naik of Poonamallee, demanded a large sum of money from the EIC. The company's merchant, Kasi Veeranna (Casa Verona), declined and sent him a harsh reply. A month later, when Lingappa visited Kasi Veeranna to express his condolences on the death of the former's wife, he asked the latter the reason why the Agent had not sent anyone to receive. To this Kasi Veeranna delivered an extremely arrogant reply which left the Naik fuming with anger.

When Kasi Veeranna died in 1680, Lingappa sent a Havildar named Shakeel Ahmed to take over the settlement of Madras from the company. He was promptly arrested by the company's troops and dispatched across the frontier. Following this act by the English, Lingappa blockaded Madras and prevented goods and supplies from entering the settlement. He demanded that the English agree to pay him an annual tribute of 2,000 pagodas in order to lift the embargo. At one point of time, the situation became so serious that the Directors of the Council even contemplated the thought of moving the company's factory to Gingee. Neither food nor fuel could be obtained, and the inhabitants starved.

On 9 April 1681 Lieutenant Richardson was sent with fifty of the company's troops to Gingee. Richardson reached the village of Khandur and besieged the town. At about midnight, Richardson took the town and drove away the Polygar. The required amount of provisions were obtained and transported back to Madras.

On 3 July 1681 Streynsham Master was replaced with William Gyfford as the Agent of Madras.

Reforms
The population of Madras had increased to the point that it seemed difficult to retain the old Choultry courts. Hence, in 1678, the Government of Fort St George set up a judiciary with the Agent and the members of the council as judges. Two English Choultry judges were appointed to hear cases concerning their Indian subjects.

Master is credited with having introduced the role of a scavenger who was required to remove the dirt and filth of the streets. Scavengers were also empowered to collect the house-tax and other taxes. Watchmen were appointed to guard the settlement at night. Taverns, hotels, entertainment-houses and theatres had to be licensed.

Family
He was the son of Richard Master of East Langdon, near Dover, Kent. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Legh of Lyme Hall, Cheshire with whom he had two sons, Legh Master, MP for Newton, Lancashire, and Rev. Streynsham Master, M.A., and a daughter, Anne. In 1692 he purchased the Codnor Castle estate in Derbyshire. He served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1712. Master and his wife resided at Stanley Grange in Morley in Derbyshire. His nephew – the son of his elder brother, James Master – was a Royal Navy captain also named Streynsham Master. Among his descendants are Admiral Sir Nicholas John Streynsham Hunt and his son Jeremy Hunt, an MP since 2005, Foreign Secretary from 2018 to 2019, Conservative leadership candidate in 2019, and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2022 to 2024.

title: Streynsham Master


text: User:Inanechild

title: User:Inanechild


text:
Visor (armor)

A visor was an armored covering for the face often used in conjunction with Late Medieval war helmets such as the bascinet or sallet. The visor usually consisted of a hinged piece of steel that contained openings for breathing and vision. Appropriately, breaths refers to the holes in the metal of the visor. Visors protected the face during battle and could be remarkably durable. One surviving artifact was found to be "equivalent in hardness to cold worked high speed steel."

History
The first recorded European reference to a helmet's visor in the Middle Ages is found in the 1298 will of Odo de Roussillon, which speaks of a heume a vissere. Whether this statement refers to a pivoting visor or a fixed faceplate is not clear; but by the early fourteenth century artistic depictions of moving visors appear quite frequently. The popularization of the visor also increased the practical value of armorial surcoats in battle, since when the visor was down "it was no longer possible to distinguish king from subject, leader from stranger, comrade from foe". As such, the visor may have led to the design of more complex forms of livery.

In addition to material artifacts, written accounts provide some evidence for the effectiveness of visors. Mounted jousters appear to have benefited particularly from the use of visors. In his account of peacetime jousts at Saint-Inglevert, French chronicler Jean Froissart provides an example of visored helmets being used in tournament. Froissart describes the visors as being durable enough to withstand a blow from a couched lance, writing that "the steel tips struck the visors of [the jousting knights] so strongly and directly that the two were unhelmed." The style of visor employed in the joust is not clear from Froissart's account. When wearing an open-faced helmet, some knights would utilize the top of a shield to create a visor-like defense. Castilian chronicler Fernao Lopes describes such a situation taking place in a 1387 joust, wherein one knight held his shield "so that only his right eye was visible." Whether this was a strategic alternative to the use of a visor or simply an accommodation for inferior armor is unclear.

Visors are also mentioned in accounts of Late Medieval warfare. The author of the Gesta Henrici Quinti makes mention of the use of visored helms by French nobles at the Battle of Agincourt: "But the French nobles, who had previously advanced together in the front, so that they had almost come into contact with us, either fearing our missiles, whose might had pierced through the sides and visors of their helms...divided themselves into three parts." While the account displays a strong propagandist tone, it suggests that stray arrows could penetrate a visor, presumably by striking in the opening provided for the wearer's vision.

Despite the necessary inclusion of an opening through which a wearer might see, a visor might substantially impair the user's field of vision. For this reason, many visors could be lifted if needed. Muslim chronicler Imad ad-Din depicts Christian crusaders "with raised visors amid the swords" at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. The account provided by Imad ad-Din suggests the crusaders lifted the visor in response to being unhorsed, perhaps implying that closed visors were favored by cavalry more than infantry.

Cultural legacy
Visors played an important role in Late Medieval and Early Modern literature, allowing for a dramatic reveal of a character's identity. Sir Thomas Malory employs this tactic in Le Morte d'Arthur , wherein a damsel commands a knight she believes is Sir Lancelot to "put up thy visage" only to discover that he is actually Sir Tristam de Lyones.

Whether the literary usage of visored helmets corresponded to actual battlefield practice is less clear. For instance, the word beaver is sometimes used interchangeably with visor, as in Shakespeare's Hamlet, when Prince Hamlet and Horatio are discussing the Ghost. Hamlet says: "Then saw you not his face?" to which Horatio responds "O yes, my lord. He wore his beaver up." This may be misleading, however, as the term "beaver" can also refer to a piece of plate-armor which protected the neck.

The French literary critic Jacques Derrida references the literary power of the visor in Specters of Marx, viewing the visor as conferring "the power to see without being seen" on the wearer.

In contemporary media, many films portray knights in visored helmets, such as the 2001 feature film A Knight's Tale.

title: Visor (armor)


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Demades

Demades (Δημάδης Δημέου Παιανιεύς, c. 380 BC) was an Athenian orator and demagogue.

Background and early life
Demades was born into a poor family of ancient Paeania and was employed at one time as a common sailor, but he rose to a prominent position at Athens thanks to his eloquence as well as his unscrupulous character. He espoused the cause of Philip II of Macedon in the war against Olynthus, and was thus brought into bitter and lifelong enmity with Demosthenes, whom he at first supported.

Relations with Macedon
Demades fought against the Macedonians in the Battle of Chaeronea, and was taken prisoner. Having made a favourable impression upon Philip, he was released together with his fellow-captives, and was instrumental in bringing about a treaty of peace between Macedonia and Athens.

Demades continued to be a favourite of Alexander, and, prompted by a bribe, saved Demosthenes and some other Athenian orators from his vengeance. It was also chiefly owing to him that Alexander, after the destruction of Thebes, treated Athens so leniently.

Demades' conduct in supporting the Macedonian cause, yet receiving any bribes that were offered by the opposite party, led him to be heavily fined more than once; he was finally deprived of his civil rights. He was reinstated (322 BC) on the approach of Antipater, to whom he was sent as ambassador. Before setting out he persuaded the citizens to pass sentence of death upon Demosthenes and his followers, who had fled from Athens. The result of his embassy was the conclusion of a peace considered to be greatly to the disadvantage of the Athenians.

In 318 BC (or earlier), having been discovered involved in an intrigue with Perdiccas, Antipater's opponent, Demades was put to death by Antipater at Pella, when entrusted with another mission by the Athenians.

Demades was avaricious and unscrupulous, but he was a highly gifted and practised orator. According to Arrian, Demades was killed by Cassander, Antipater's son, after suffering the slaughtering of his child in his hands. Cassander justified his actions by accusing Demades that he had slandered Antipater in his letters to Perdiccas.

Legacy
It has been said of Demades that he was a master improviser. This may explain why practically none of his works have fully survived and only scattered fragments have been preserved.

A fragment of a speech, bearing his name, in which he defends his conduct, is to be found in C Müller's Oratores Attici, ii. 438, but its genuineness is considered to be doubtful.

The saying that "Draco's laws were written with blood, not with ink" is attributed to Demades.

He is also alleged to have called the state largesse distributed by the Theoric Fund the "cement of democracy".

title: Demades


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Alpine Shire

The Shire of Alpine is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 4788 km2 and in August 2021 had a population of 13,235.

It includes the towns of Bright, Dinner Plain, Mount Beauty and Myrtleford. There are two unincorporated areas within the shire: the areas around Mount Hotham and Falls Creek. It was formed in 1994 from the amalgamation of the Shire of Bright, Shire of Myrtleford, and parts of the United Shire of Beechworth, Shire of Oxley, Shire of Yackandandah and Shire of Omeo.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Alpine Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Bright, it also has service centres located in Dinner Plain, Mount Beauty and Myrtleford. The Shire is named after its location in the popular alpine region of Victoria.

Over 90% of the Shire is public land. The Shire has two major national parks, the Alpine National Park and Mount Buffalo National Park. The Shire's economy is based on tourism, agriculture and forestry.

Current composition
The council is composed of seven councillors elected to represent an unsubdivided municipality.

Administration and governance
The council meets in the council chambers at the council headquarters in the Bright Municipal Offices, which is also the location of the council's administrative activities. It also provides customer services at both its administrative centre in Bright, and its service centres in Dinner Plain, Mt Beauty and Myrtleford.

Townships and localities
In the 2021 census, the shire had a population of 13,235, up from 12,337 in the 2016 national census.

^ - Territory divided with another LGA

title: Alpine Shire


text:
Dinarchus

Dinarchus or Dinarch (Δείναρχος; Corinth, c. 361 – c. 291 BC) was a logographer (speechwriter) in Ancient Greece. He was the last of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.

Life
A son of Sostratus (or, according to the Suda, Socrates), Dinarchus settled at Athens early in life, and when not more than twenty-five was already active as a logographer—a writer of speeches for the law courts. As a metic, he was unable to take part in the debates. He had been the pupil both of Theophrastus and of Demetrius Phalereus, and had early acquired a certain fluency and versatility of style.

In 324 the Areopagus, after inquiry, reported that nine men had taken bribes from Harpalus, the fugitive treasurer of Alexander. Ten public prosecutors were appointed. Dinarchus wrote, for one or more of these prosecutors, the three speeches which are still extant: Against Demosthenes, Against Aristogeiton, and Against Philocles.

The sympathies of Dinarchus were in favor of an Athenian oligarchy under Macedonian control; but it should be remembered that he was not an Athenian citizen. Aeschines and Demades had no such excuse. In the Harpalus affair, Demosthenes as well as the others accused, were probably innocent. Yet Hypereides, the most fiery of the patriots, was on the same side as Dinarchus.

Under the regency of his old master, Demetrius Phalereus, Dinarchus exercised much political influence. The years 317–307 were the most prosperous of his life. On the fall of Demetrius Phalereus and the restoration of the democracy by Demetrius Poliorcetes, Dinarchus was condemned to death and withdrew into exile at Chalcis in Euboea.

About 292, thanks to his friend Theophrastus, he was able to return to Attica, and took up his abode in the country with a former associate, Proxenus. He afterwards brought an action against Proxenus on the ground that he had robbed him of some money and plate. Dinarchus died at Athens about 291.

Surviving speeches
According to Suidas, Dinarchus wrote 160 speeches; and Dionysius held that, out of 85 extant speeches bearing his name, 58 were genuine: 28 relating to public, 30 to private causes. The surviving speeches mentioned above are:
 * Against Demosthenes
 * Against Aristogiton
 * Against Philocles

title: Dinarchus


text:
Swedbank

Swedbank AB  is a Nordic-Baltic banking group based in Stockholm, Sweden, offering retail banking, asset management, financial, and other services. Swedbank has a leading presence in Estonia and has a strong presence in Latvia and Lithuania.

History
The first Swedish savings bank was founded in Gothenburg in 1820. In 1992, a number of local savings banks merged to create Sparbanken Sverige ("Savings Bank Sweden"). In 1995, this bank was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and in 1997, it merged with Föreningsbanken under the combined name FöreningsSparbanken (abbreviated FSB). During the late 2000s global financial crisis, Swedbank accepted government assistance due to its losses from loans made to neighboring Baltic economies.

On 8 September 2006, Föreningssparbanken AB changed its name to Swedbank AB. The name change took place in the afternoon local time, after the Swedish Companies Registration Office registered the changes in the company's articles of association. On the same date, the subsidiary AB Spintab changed its name to Swedbank Hypotek AB ("Swedbank Mortgage AB") and FöreningsSparbanken Jordbrukskredit AB changed its name to Swedbank Jordbrukskredit AB ("Swedbank Agricultural Credit AB"). Other subsidiaries will change their names at later dates.

In 2013 Swedbank closed its operations in Russia and sold its Ukrainian subsidiary.

In 2019 Swedbank had 900,000 private and 130,000 corporate clients and a 60% market share of Estonia’s payments.

Headquarters
The current Swedbank Headquarters was inaugurated in 2014 in Sundbyberg Municipality. The building was designed by 3XN.

Organisation

In 2023 Swedbank had 7.2 million retail customers and 555,000 corporate customers in Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The group has 226 branches in Sweden and in the Baltic countries. It also maintains a presence in Copenhagen, Helsinki, New York City, Oslo, Shanghai and Johannesbourg.

Swedbank has close cooperation with about 60 local, but still independent, savings banks who chose not to join during the 1992 merger. These banks use FSB logos and customers have the same access to independent banks and branches belonging to FSB. Two relatively large independent savings banks, including the one in Skåne, have chosen not to cooperate with Swedbank and continue to use the logo used by Sparbanken before the merger with Föreningsbanken.

Together with the independent savings banks, Swedbank has branches all over Sweden. The bank has more than 16,000 employees across its operations in Sweden and abroad. Jens Henriksson is president and CEO, while former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson is chairman.

Market position
Swedbank is one of the primary banks in Sweden, together with Nordea, Handelsbanken, and SEB. In 2001, a deal to merge Swedbank (then FSB) with SEB failed as the European Commission thought that the merged company would have had too dominant a position in the Swedish banking market. Today, Swedbank has 7 million private customers and 555 000 corporate customers.

Swedbank Latvia is the largest bank in both Estonia and Latvia.

Money laundering
On 20 February 2019 Swedish broadcaster SVT revealed that Swedbank is under investigation for alleged link in money laundering scandal by Estonian authorities due to suspicious transactions through Danske Bank which is being investigated in Denmark, Estonia, Britain, France and the United States. Estonian authorities confirmed findings by SVT. At least 40 billion Swedish crowns (£3.3 billion) had been transferred between accounts at Swedbank and Danske in the Baltics between 2007 and 2015, SVT's Uppdrag Granskning investigative programme reported. Chief executive Birgitte Bonnesen was fired in March 2019 during the money laundering scandal and her severance pay was cancelled. The bank's chairman Lars Idermark resigned the following month. Swedbank was subsequently fined a record SKr4bn ($380m) by Swedish and Estonian regulators.

Sanction breaches
Swedbank Latvia AS was charged by OFAC in the USA with 386 apparent violations, totalling $3,312,120, breaching sanctions in relation to sending payments to Crimea through US Correspondent banks in 2015 and 2016, Swedbank settled, by agreeing in 2023 to pay $3,430,900 in penalties.

Patron of the University of Latvia
Swedbank is a gold patron of the University of Latvia Foundation. Cooperation and support has been received from Swedbank since 2005 to promote the development of education in Latvia by donating to student events and activities. Major projects - Open Mind Research Fellowships 2007/2008. and 2008/2009. as well as annual support for the LU student festival "Aristotelis".

title: Swedbank