text:
Talk:Space telescope

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:55, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Orphan section at the top
There were recently pages on both "space observatory" and "space telescope." I merged the two. Should the result be placed here, or at space telescope? --zandperl 23:13, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I wonder if perhaps "space telescope" might be more often searched for? By the way, the article needs links to Ginga, Asca, IRTS, ASTRO-E2 (Suzaku), Exosat, Cos-B, Integral, Gaia, Darwin, FIRM, perhaps COBE, WMAP and Planck, possibly some early Japanese missions (Tenma, Hinotori), and probably a few others. It's on my list of things to do but if anyone else would like to volunteer it would be very welcome.--Serjeant 10:18, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Stub

 * I note that this is, instead, a stub. No sources, mangled content.  Easily reverted if someone disagrees.- sinneed (talk) 02:02, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

numerous major observatories missing
There seems to be an undue prominence placed on the NASA great observatories, while other comparable telescopes (e.g. INTEGRAL, XMM-Newton, WMAP, ... ) are not even mentioned in the "other notable space observatories" section which seems to be a rundown of only all the decommissioned ones. Deuar 15:55, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Instead of making the list grow, I would suggest getting rid of it entirely. It's redundant with List of space telescopes. The article needs to be fleshed out, not cluttered with a list. I'll be bold and dispose of it eventually if nobody protests. Equendil Talk 18:44, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually I'll just do it now, List of space telescopes is a featured list, I can't imagine any good reason to keep a list here. Equendil Talk 18:48, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Calling Alan Parsons
So when was the space telescope first proposed, & by whom...? TREKphiler  hit me ♠  09:10, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

HST First Space Observatory?
First section claims that Hubble was the first space observatory (in 1990), but the OAO page refers to those satellites, launched as early as 1966, as space observatories and space telescopes. Hubble's own page starts with the mention that Hubble was not the first space telescope. Is this an error? Reverend Ted 18:39, 20 March 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ Indeed that was plain wrong. I rewrote the lead paragraph with accurate history of the earliest operational space telescopes. — JFG talk 12:25, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

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Definition of space telescope
Hello wikipedians,

I have looked around a bit in the space-section of wikipedia, and one thing that bothers me is that there seems to be no clear definition of what is and what is not a "space telescope". This is a little bit related to the above question about Hubble being the first space telescope, since of course to decide what was the first "space telescope" one needs to define what a "space telescope" is. I think this issue of the definition would be best addressed in this article of wikipedia. I would like to suggest the definition to be something like:

A "space telescope" is a spacecraft that is:

1. Located in space (you cannot have a space telescope that is not in space I think; space is defined as the 100km limit in altitude so balloon-borne telescopes are not space telescopes) 2. Used for observation of astronomical objects outside Earth's atmosphere (so that various Earth-observing satellites, even though they usually have a telescope as a structural component, are not space telescopes) 3. Observes electromagnetic radiation in any of its forms (gamma radiation - X-ray - UV - light - infrared - millimeter - radio); for example solar wind observing particle detectors are not space telescopes 4. Is not a space probe, i.e. does not travel to its object of study (so various planetary probes etc., even though having a telescope as a structural element are not space telescopes) 5. (maybe) Produces images or something similar (not just a number as an observation result like many instruments do)

What do you think, could the above five criteria form the definition of "space telescope"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.214.79.42 (talk) 05:48, 10 September 2019 (UTC)

Diagram doesn’t show spitzer
I think it’s the CHANDRA space telescope labeled as “Key” in the diagram, not spitzer, as the image is captioned. Can someone double check me on this? Bray (talk) 04:03, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

 * from top to bottom its actually the spitzer, hubble, XMM. the caption is correct but the picture labels are not. - Sudazima 2001:1C01:2D00:AA00:3D4D:4E9A:11A6:AA75 (talk) 18:18, 15 December 2023 (UTC)

On the lunar surface
What's the plan for covering telescopes on the surface of the Moon? International Lunar Observatory has ILO-X there now.... (— 𝐬𝐝𝐒𝐝𝐬 — - talk) 03:13, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Space telescope


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Timothy Murphy (sniper)

Timothy Murphy (c. 1751 – c. 1818) was an American soldier who fought during the Revolutionary War. In the Saratoga campaign, Murphy is reputed to have shot and killed British Army officers Sir Francis Clerke and Simon Fraser. Murphy's life is the subject of a 1953 novel titled The Rifleman.

Early life
Relatively few details of Murphy's early life are known. He was born in the year 1751 near the Delaware Water Gap. His parents were Presbyterians from County Donegal, Ireland who moved to Shamokin Flats (now Sunbury, Pennsylvania) in 1759, when Murphy was eight years old. A few years later, Murphy became an apprentice to a Mr Van Campen and moved with the van Campen family to the Wyoming Valley, which was then the frontier.

American Revolutionary War
On June 29, 1775, shortly after the start of the American Revolutionary War, Timothy Murphy and his brother John enlisted in the Northumberland County Riflemen, specifically Captain John Lowdon's Company. Their unit saw action in the Siege of Boston, the Battle of Long Island, and "skirmishing in Westchester". After this, Murphy was promoted to the rank of sergeant in the Continental Army's 12th Pennsylvania Regiment and fought at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. Murphy was an "expert marksman", defined as being "able to hit a seven-inch target at 250 yards". In July 1777, this skill led to Murphy joining Daniel Morgan's newly formed Morgan's Riflemen.

Later that year, he was selected as one of 500 handpicked riflemen to go with General Daniel Morgan to Upstate New York to help stop General John Burgoyne and the British Army. As the battles around Saratoga raged, the British, having been pushed back, were being rallied by Brigadier-General Simon Fraser. Benedict Arnold rode up to General Morgan, pointed at Fraser and told Morgan the man was worth a regiment. Morgan called on Murphy and said, "That gallant officer is General Fraser. I admire him, but it is necessary that he should die, do your duty." Murphy scaled a nearby tree, took careful aim at the extreme distance of 300 yards, and fired three times. The first shot was a close miss, the second grazed the general's horse, and with the third, Fraser tumbled from his horse, shot through the stomach. General Fraser died that night. British senior officer Sir Francis Clerke, General Burgoyne's chief aide-de-camp, galloped onto the field with a message. Murphy's third shot killed him instantly. Murphy also fought at the battle of the Middle Fort in 1780.

Murphy's 1839 biography Life and Adventures of Timothy Murphy by Mr. Sigsby, reveals that Murphy "Sometimes habited in the dress of the Indian, with his face painted, he would pass among them, making important discoveries as to their strength and designs without detection." Sigsby also relates some of Murphy's infamous brutality against First Nations people: "The Indian was very large and powerful and Murphy being exceedingly angry, skinned his legs and drew it over his long stockings. ... But the skin of the Indian having shrunk, began to gall his legs, whereupon he took his hunting knife and ripped them off."

Family
Murphy's first wife, Peggy (née Margaret Feeck), was the daughter of Johannes Feeck, a prosperous Dutch-American farmer in the valley. Timothy and Margaret Murphy had five sons and four daughters. Several years after the 1807 death of his first wife, Murphy married Mary Robertson, and relocated to Charlotteville, New York, and thereby she had four more sons.

Interment
The bronze bas-relief plaque on Murphy's grave at Upper Middleburgh Cemetery, Middleburgh, New York was designed by sculptor Evelyn Beatrice Longman (1874–1954).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Timothy Murphy (sniper)


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Talk:LAMP

hits
Pcb21 wrote PHPerlthon only has a couple of O'Reilly hits - don't think it is really used

 * That's right. 14 hits at Google is not very much. But I already wondered about this, when I added the word. I clearly could remember that there were quite a few articles and websites mentioning that word. So surfed a little bit around on the ONLamp site in the way back machine. From there I had a look on a page called the best of ONLamp, where I noticed why you and I didn't find much links on that subject: I spelled the name wrongly. They spelled it PHPherlthon which has clearly more hits than the pronounciation I used. Although I must admit, that the first hit a Google for PHPherlthon is one of my own web pages, maybe I took it in too much so that it became my default expansion of LAMP... (I hate it, when Google proposes me my own web pages, because usually I don't look for them at Google... ;-)

 * But the word in fact seems to come from the very early ONLamp article on the Apache Toolbox from 2000 and propagated slowly through the web... But the article uses and explains PHPherlthon as if it is a common word.

 * How do you see that topic after those few more references and the right spelling? --XTaran 23:14, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * All that makes it much more deserving of a mention, particularly as we have a handle on the origin of the word. I probably wouldn't put it in the first sentence of this article as it might act as a distraction from the central theme ... but go for whatever you think is best and include the references. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 23:48, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Added most of the above details to the article. --XTaran 17:35, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Even with the more popular spelling, PHPherlthon only has 12 Google results (not counting duplicates, and republications of the Wikipedia article). Therefore, I have removed it.

I also removed the lists of alternative operating systems, Web servers, DBMSes, and scripting languages, because they belong in operating system, Web server, DBMS, and scripting language respectively (all of which are linked to from LAMP). The principle here is simple: I shouldn't have to guess which B is the most popular A in order to find a list of As -- I should be able to find them at the article for A.

Meanwhile, it took me only five minutes of Googling to find that the LAMP term was used in the press three years before Wikipedia's claim of 2001. -- Mpt 12:59, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

self-reference
''The software that currently runs Wikipedia could be characterized as a LAMP application. Wikipedia's MediaWiki software is developed primarily under Linux, using the Apache HTTP Server, with its content being stored in a MySQL database, and the program logic being implemented in PHP.''

Does this violate the rule Self-reference ??
 * I've rephrased it; that should do it. JesseW 20:44, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Comparison of WAMPs
FYI. Ikip (talk) 15:01, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:LAMP


text:
User:Neuro

Were you looking for User:Neurolysis?
 * It is by will alone I set my mind in motion. It is by the juice of Safu that thoughts acquire speed, the lips acquire stain, the stains become a warning.  It is by will alone I set my mind in motion

Gronk
Hi, I'm neuro. I joined Wikipedia in February 2004 and I have over 750 edits. My Wikipediholic score is 4142, which apparently means "You are heavily addicted to Wikipedia and are showing symptoms of Wikipediholism" (feh!).

I ripped off this awesome user page layout from Andrevan, who in turn ripped it off from Joseph Dwayne's brilliant but no longer active edit to Jimbo Wales's user page.

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

Contact information
I'm best reached by e-mail.

 * E-mail: neuro@well.com
 * IRC: irc.freenode.net, neuro_

About me

 * see my website for more information.

title: User:Neuro


text:
Fort St. John, British Columbia

Fort St. John is a city located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. The most populous municipality in the Peace River Regional District, the city encompasses a total area of about 22 km2 with 21,465 residents recorded in the 2021 Census. Located at Mile 47 of the Alaska Highway, it is one of the largest cities between Dawson Creek, British Columbia and Delta Junction, Alaska. Established in 1794 as a trading post, Fort St. John is the oldest European-established settlement in present-day British Columbia. The city is served by the Fort St. John Airport. The municipal slogan is Fort St. John: The Energetic City.

History
Over the 19th and 20th centuries, the community has been moved a number of times for varying economic reasons. The present location is thought to be its sixth. The original trading post built in the area was named Rocky Mountain House (not to be confused with the modern Alberta town by that name). It was established one year after Sir Alexander Mackenzie explored the area in 1793. One of a series of forts along the Peace River constructed to service the fur trade, it was located southwest of the present site of Fort St. John. The Dane-zaa and Sikanni First Nations used it as a trading post. It was also used as a supply depot for further expeditions into the territory. The fort closed in 1805. Fort d'Epinette was built in 1806 by the North West Company. It was renamed Fort St. John in 1821 following the purchase of the North West Company by the Hudson's Bay Company. This fort was located about 500 m downstream from the mouth of the Beatton River, which at that time was known as the Pine River. It was shut down in 1823. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1958.

After a lapse of nearly forty years, Fort St. John was reopened in 1860 on the south side of the Peace River, directly south of the present community. It was moved in 1872 by Francis Work Beatton directly across the river. This community lasted until 1925 when the river ceased to be the main avenue of transportation and the fort was moved closer to where settlers were establishing homesteads. The new town was constructed at Fish Creek, northwest of the present community, on the new trail to Fort Nelson. It did not shut down until 1975. In 1928, C. M. Finch moved his general store to two quarters of land where he also built a government building to house the land, telegraph and post offices. The present site for the town was firmly established after he donated 5 acre for a Roman Catholic church and additional land for a hospital.

The first census that recognized Fort St. John as a census subdivision took place in 1951 and recorded 884 people. The population rapidly increased, doubling almost every 5 years for 15 years so that by 1966 there were 6,749 residents living in the community.

Geography
Fort St. John is geographically on the western edge of the Canadian prairies that cover much of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, but is not politically included in the three Canadian Prairie provinces. The city sits between the Peace River and Beatton River, with Charlie Lake nearby.

Sitting at an elevation of 690 m, Fort St. John is situated within a low-lying valley near the eastern foothills of the Muskwa Ranges and Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies. Prairies lie to the east and north, while to the west the Rocky Mountains form a rain shadow. The city is built on relatively flat, rolling hills.

Fort St. John, along with neighboring cities of Chetwynd, Tumbler Ridge, and Dawson Creek, are within Peace River Country, a large geographic area of British Columbia and Alberta. The Peace River valley provides opportunities for farming, in contrast to the rugged mountains to the west.

Climate
Fort St. John experiences a cold humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) closely bordering on a subarctic climate (Dfc), with cold winters and warm summers. Although winters can be frigid, the area has milder winters than much of the rest of Canada (especially considering its northerly latitude) due to the influence of the nearby Rocky Mountains. They tend to block arctic air masses coming in from the north/northwest, although they can certainly still penetrate the area. A predominantly southwesterly wind blows through town, with wind speeds averaging around 13.7 km/h. Fort St. John uses Mountain Standard Time all year (same as Pacific Daylight Time in summer), and because of its northerly latitude experiences short daylight hours in winter and long daylight hours in summer.

Fort St. John is east of the Rocky Mountains, and thus has a climate much more similar to the prairies than the British Columbia interior west of the mountains. The frost-free period is much longer east of the mountains than west, and thus the Peace River area including Fort St. John can grow crops that cannot be grown in most of the province such as wheat and canola.

Fort St. John is one of the sunniest places in the province, especially in the winter and spring. The city holds British Columbia's record for most sunshine ever recorded in March (247.4 hours in 1965), May (373.5 hours in 1972), and November (141.3 hours in 1976).

The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort St. John was 38.3 C on 16 July 1941. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -53.9 C on 11 January 1911.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fort St. John had a population of 21,465 living in 8,777 of its 10,004 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 20,260. With a land area of 32.67 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Fort St. John included:
 * Irreligion (12,170 persons or 57.5%)
 * Christianity (7,685 persons or 36.3%)
 * Sikhism (490 persons or 2.3%)
 * Hinduism (290 persons or 1.4%)
 * Islam (250 persons or 1.2%)
 * Indigenous Spirituality (60 persons or 0.3%)
 * Buddhism (50 persons or 0.2%)
 * Judaism (20 persons or 0.1%)

Economy
As the urban centre for a rural and farming population of about 8,306 people and home to 18,609 people, Fort St. John is a retail, service and industrial centre. The province's oil and gas industry, including the provincial Oil and Gas Commission is centred in the city. Forestry has become more important to the city since the opening of an oriented strand board plant in 2005. Much wood is exported to the United States.

Fort St. John is a transportation hub and industrial centre serving BC Hydro's nearby hydro-electric facilities, the W.A.C. Bennett Dam, Peace Canyon Dam and Site C dam.

The 2001 Canadian census recorded 9,985 income-earners over the age of 15 residing in Fort St. John; of these, 4,500 worked full-time throughout the year. The high participation rate stems from the relatively young population, much of which was attracted by the area's high-paying oil and gas industry. Its male-female income gap is large.

Health care
Fort St. John has a hospital, which as of 2022, had 44 in patient beds, 4 intensive care unit beds, and 7 delivery beds. It has a CT scanner and ultrasound.

Arts and culture
As the urban centre for approximately 20,000 people, much of the region's recreational and cultural facilities are located in town. Within the city, Centennial Park groups much of these facilities in a central location close to residences and businesses. This large park includes the Fort St. John North Peace Museum, the North Peace Leisure Pool, the North Peace Arena (home of the Fort St. John Huskies), a separate arena for children, an 8-sheet curling rink, as well as an outdoor water park and speed skating oval. Other parks in the area include the city-maintained Fish Creek Community Forest, and about 10 km northwest of town the Beatton Provincial Park and Charlie Lake Provincial Park. In the centre of town is the North Peace Cultural Centre which houses the Fort St. John Public Library, a theatre, and the Peace Gallery North art gallery. Visitors also come to see 'Ms. Bubbles', the world's largest tea-cup pig.

Attractions
The city's main recreation centre is the Fort St. John Enerplex, also known as the Pomeroy Sport Centre, that opened in 2010. It is a three-storey public facility with two National Hockey League-sized ice rinks, a concession, 12 dressing rooms, public meeting rooms, a retail juice outlet, an indoor near-Olympic-sized long track speed skating oval, and a 340 meter long walking track (the "Northern Vac Track"). All ice surfaces can be removed to provide event space in excess of 140,000 square feet. The facility also houses the Energetic Learning Campus, a satellite campus of the nearby North Peace Secondary School.

Fort St. John hosted the BC Winter Games in 1984 and the Northern BC Winter Games in 1975, 1976, 1994, 2000, and 2007. Every August, the Great Canadian Welding Competition is held in Fort St. John, which sees welding artists fill Centennial Park creating statues on the year's given theme. In January the annual High on Ice Winter Carnival has a frozen Centennial Park filled with ice sculptors competing and other special winter-related activities occurring around town.

Government
The City of Fort St. John has a council-manager form of municipal government. A six-member council, along with one mayor, is elected at-large every three years. In the November 19, 2011 civic election Lori Ackerman was elected mayor, replacing the former newspaper publisher Bruce Lantz who served as mayor between 2008 and 2011. In the 2008 election Lantz had defeated one term mayor and former RCMP officer Jim Eglinski who had defeated the incumbent mayor of 15 years, Steve Thorlakson in 2005. The mayor and one city councillor represent Fort St. John on the board of directors of the Peace River Regional District. Seven board of education trustees, for representation on School District 60 Peace River North, are also elected by the city.

Fort St. John is situated in the Peace River North provincial electoral district and is represented by Pat Pimm in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Pimm replaced long-time MLA Richard Neufeld who was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in the 1991 provincial election with the BC Social Credit Party taking 56% of votes cast at the Fort St. John polls and re-elected with Reform BC in 1996 with 44% support, and with the BC Liberal Party in 2001 and 2005 with 73% and 59% of Fort St. John polls, respectively. He has served as the Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources since 2001.

Federally, Fort St. John is located in the Prince George—Peace River riding, which is represented in the House of Commons by Conservative Party Member of Parliament Bob Zimmer, a former high school teacher who lives in Fort St. John. Prior to Zimmer, the riding had been represented by long-time MP Jay Hill, who was born and raised in Fort St. John, and first elected in 1993 and subsequently re-elected in 1997, 2000, and 2004 with 74%, 77%, and 70% support from Fort St. John polls, respectively. Hill was also re-elected in the 2006 and 2008 federal elections. Hill had served as the Government House Leader and was formerly the Secretary of State and Chief Government Whip, as well as the Whip of the Canadian Alliance Party. Before Hill the riding was represented, from 1972 to 1993, by Frank Oberle of the Progressive Conservative Party who served as Minister of State for Science and Technology from 1985 to 1989 and Minister of Forestry from 1990 to 1993.

 * style="width: 85px" | Bob Zimmer
 * align="right"|3,974
 * align="right"|70%
 * align="right"|62%

 * Lois Boone
 * align="right"|1,082
 * align="right"|19%
 * align="right"|26%

 * Hilary Crowley
 * align="right"|288
 * align="right"|5.1%
 * align="right"|6.0%

 * Ben Levine
 * align="right"|242
 * align="right"|4.3%
 * align="right"|5.2%

 * Jeremy Cote
 * align="right"|88
 * align="right"|1.6%
 * align="right"|1.1%

 * Arthur Hadland
 * align="right"|763
 * align="right"|29%
 * align="right"|31%

 * Jackie Allen
 * align="right"|359
 * align="right"|14%
 * align="right"|14%

Police
Police protection is contracted to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police which operates a 26 officer municipal detachment and a 10-member rural detachment from the city. In 2005, the municipal detachment reported 4,048 Criminal Code offences, which translates into a crime rate of 228 Criminal Code offences per 1,000 people, much higher than the provincial average of 125 offences. During that year, compared to the provincial average, the RCMP reported much higher crime rates in Fort St. John for cocaine, cannabis, non-sexual assaults, property damage, and arson related offences. However, the city had lower crime rates for robbery, theft from motor vehicles, and business break-and-enters.

Infrastructure
Fort St. John is the transportation hub of the region. The main highway, Highway 97 (Alaska Highway), built in 1942 by the United States Army, runs through the city, north to Fort Nelson, the Yukon, and Alaska. As the highway goes over the Peace River to Dawson Creek, it reduced the community's dependence on the river for transportation. Within the city the streets are laid out in a grid pattern. The main streets are the north–south 100 Street and the east–west 100 Avenue. The rail line that runs by the eastern and northern borders was extended from Chetwynd by the Pacific Great Eastern Railway with the first train arriving in 1958. The only commercial airport between Dawson Creek and Fort Nelson is the Fort St. John Airport (CYXJ) located a few miles east of the city. The two runway airport has Air Canada Jazz, WestJet and other smaller airlines such as Central Mountain Air and Swanberg Air with regularly scheduled flights and North Cariboo Air providing chartered flights. Greyhound Bus lines, which had a bus stop in the city, operated a route along the highway, north to Whitehorse (via Fort Nelson) and south to Dawson Creek, until the company stopped operations in Western Canada in 2018. BC Bus North provides bus service to Dawson Creek, Prince George, and Fort Nelson.

The city's water and sewer infrastructure pumps water from 4 deep wells located near the Peace River with a backup source being Charlie Lake; it is filtered, chlorinated and fluoridated before being distributed. The water has been rated by the BC Ministry of Environment as being "Very hard." Sewage is processed in one of two lagoons. The lagoon south of the city releases the processed effluent into the Peace River and the lagoon north of the city releases into the Beatton River. Storm sewers run with the sanitary sewers but storm discharge is directed into the rivers without going through the lagoons. The city's fire department consists of volunteer and professional members, covering the city plus five miles (8 km) into the rural areas.

Education
There are 9 public schools within the city limits, with one being a secondary school, and another 10 outside of Fort St. John that are all administered by School District 60 Peace River North. There is one private Christian school in Fort St. John, also administered by School District 60 Peace River North. Northern Lights College has a campus in Fort St. John housing the B.C. Centre of Training Excellence in Oil and Gas, which includes a full-sized oil rig and simulated well site. The 2001 Census estimated that 10% of people in Fort St. John between 20 and 64 years old graduated from a university, less than half of the 24% provincial average and 27% did not graduate from secondary school, 7% higher than the provincial average.

Media
The Alaska Highway News and The Northerner are published in Fort St. John. A local free magazine known as Northern Groove focuses on local music, arts, and live entertainment events in Fort St. John and area and is published monthly. The EnergeticCity.ca website is a digital news outlet focused on local news in and around Fort St. John; it is owned by 0914126 B.C. Ltd., which is controlled 100% by Adam Reaburn, owner of local radio station CKFU-FM.

Radio stations broadcasting from Fort St. John include Move! 98.5 FM (CHRX-FM) (Variety), Bounce 101.5 FM (CKNL-FM) (Oldies), 92.5 Sunrise FM (CIAM-FM) (Religious) and the aforementioned country music station 100.1 Moose FM (CKFU-FM).

Freedom of the City
The following People and Military Units have received the Freedom of the City of Fort St. John.

Individuals

 * Charles “Bud” Hamilton: 7 December 1979.
 * William James "Jim" Eglinski: 24 June 2019.
 * The Honourable Senator Richard Neufeld: 24 June 2019.
 * Jean Leahy: 9 September 2019.
 * Sue Popesku: 11 June 2022.

Military Units

 * 2276 Royal Canadian Army Cadets: 10 April 2006.

title: Fort St. John, British Columbia


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User:Astronautics~enwiki/hugeimages

SELECT * FROM image WHERE img_size>1000000 AND img_name LIKE "%.jpg" LIMIT 100

title: User:Astronautics~enwiki/hugeimages


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Shinji Ono

Shinji Ono (小野 伸二) is a Japanese former professional footballer.

He started his senior career with J1 League side Urawa Reds before moving Dutch side Feyenoord in 2001 where he won the UEFA Cup in 2002. He returned to Urawa Reds in 2006 where he won the 2006 J League title in his first season back at the club and the 2007 AFC Champions League in his second season. He moved to Bundesliga side Bochum in January 2008 but made limited appearances due to injuries. He signed for Shimizu S-Pulse in January 2010. He subsequently played for Western Sydney Wanderers, Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo and Ryukyu before retiring in 2023.

He earned 56 caps for the Japan national team. He was part of the squads for the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Cups.

Urawa Reds
Ono grew up in the Shizuoka Prefecture and began his professional career with Urawa Reds in the J1 League in 1998. The same year, he became the youngest Japanese player to play at 1998 World Cup, at age 18. He caught the attention of foreign clubs with his performance at the 1999 World Youth Championship in Nigeria, where he captained the Japanese Under-20 side that reached the final. But later that year, he suffered a severe knee injury in a qualification match for the 2000 Olympics with Japan's Under-23 side, forcing him to miss the rest of the season and Olympic qualifying.

Feyenoord
After a strong performance at the 2001 Confederations Cup, Ono moved to Feyenoord of the Dutch Eredivisie in 2001. In his first season, he helped Feyenoord win the 2002 UEFA Cup, making him the first Japanese in history to win a European trophy. However, a string of injuries kept him sidelined for long periods. After he missed the majority of 2004–05, the club sold him. His stint at the Rotterdam based club is highly rated and Dutch midfielder Wesley Sneijder said "Shinji Ono is the toughest opponent I've ever faced".

Urawa Reds return
On 13 January 2006, Ono returned to the J1 League, signing a three-year deal with his former club Urawa Reds.

Bochum
In the 2008 January transfer window, Ono returned to Europe, signing with Bundesliga's Bochum. On 3 February 2008, Ono made his Bundesliga debut in an away game against Werder Bremen, and he had two assists that helped Bochum with their first ever win over Bremen at Weserstadion. Ono suffered injuries in the following two years in Bochum, and could only play 34 matches in which he gave four assists for the club. In the winter break of 2009–10, Ono requested a return to Japan for personal reasons. Different Japanese clubs were interested in the midfielder. Bochum allowed him to leave under the condition that they could find a successor.

Shimizu S-Pulse
On 9 January 2010, Ono returned to his native Shizuoka Prefecture by signing for Shimizu S-Pulse. The transfer fee were rumored to be €300,000 for the midfielder whose contract in Bochum expired in the summer of 2010. In an interview he declared that the main reason for his transfer was his wish to reunite with his wife and children, who were still living in Japan.

Western Sydney Wanderers
On 28 September 2012, it was announced that Shinji Ono had signed with new A-League club Western Sydney Wanderers on a two-year deal as the club's marquee player. The Wanderers were offered former German international Michael Ballack but preferred to sign Ono. He made his debut for the Wanderers on 6 October, in a scoreless draw against Central Coast Mariners, in the first game of the season.

Ono scored his first goal for the club with a penalty in round 10 against Brisbane Roar. Ono scored two stunning goals to help the Wanderers beat Melbourne Victory 2–1 in round 14 on 1 January 2013. On 16 January 2014, the club announced that Ono would return to Japan at the end of the A-League season. Ono will link up with J2 League club Consadole Sapporo to play out the remainder of the season in Japan as the club chases promotion to the J1 League. On 4 May 2014, Ono played his last A-League game for the Wanderers, in a 2–1 Grand Final loss to Brisbane Roar, in what was to be the Wanderers' second successive Grand Final defeat.

Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo
Following the expiration of his contract and his desire to see his family, Ono joined Consadole Sapporo (later Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo) in May 2014.

FC Ryukyu
On 5 August 2019, Ono signed with J2 League club FC Ryukyu. In December 2020, he left Ryuku after failing to reach a contract extension agreement.

Return to Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo
On 1 January 2021, it was announced that he would return to his former club, Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo, as a permanent transfer. His uniform number is 44, the same as when he belonged to Sapporo last time.

On 9 June of the same year, in the second round of the Emperor's Cup at Sony Sendai, he scored his first goal in an official match in four years with a direct free kick. This goal made him the oldest player to score in the Emperor's Cup (41 years and 255 days old).

On 28 January 2022, it was announced that he had signed a lifetime contract with Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo. Ono commented, "I consider Hokkaido to be my second home. I don't know how I will end my active career, but I hope to continue to give back to the club by sharing my experiences". In addition, Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo representative director and GM Daikatsu Mikami expressed his intention to prioritize Ono's wishes, saying, "I will let him decide whether he wants to be a coach or join the front desk".

On 27 September 2023, the day he celebrated his 44th birthday, which is the same as his jersey number, he posted on his Instagram a message posted on the Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo official website: "I have a report to share with you all. 39th anniversary of my first encounter with soccer. My feet, which have been my companions for many years, are telling me it's time to give them a rest, so I've decided to end my career as a professional soccer player at the end of this season. There are still a few games left in the season. However, I will continue to prepare as well as possible so that I can be involved in the game as much as possible. I ask for your support until the end". Shinji Ono announced that he will retire as an active player after the 2023 season.

On 3 December 2023, at the 2023 J1 league season final round, Ono played his last professional game against Urawa. He said goodbye to his colleague and every fan.

International career
When fit, Ono was an ever-present member of the Japan national team. He made his full international debut on 1 April 1998 against South Korea in a friendly. After his appearance in the 1998 World Cup, he was a key member of the Japanese squad in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He has represented Japan at every age level starting with the U-16 team, and was one of three overage selections at the 2004 Olympics in Athens. Injuries limited Ono to just one appearance in the final round of the qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and missed the Confederations Cup in 2003 and 2005. He played in his third World Cup finals in Germany.

Style of play
Known as Tensai (天才, Japanese for Genius), Ono is one of the biggest stars in Asian football, known for his vision, technique and superb passing. Although his primary position is attacking midfielder, he can play anywhere in the midfield, including defensive midfield and either wing.

International

 * Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ono goal.

Honours
Feyenoord
 * UEFA Cup: 2001–02
 * KNVB Cup: Runner-up 2002–03

Urawa Red Diamonds
 * J.League Division 1: 2006
 * Emperor's Cup: 2006
 * Japanese Super Cup: 2006
 * AFC Champions League: 2007

Western Sydney Wanderers
 * A-League Premiership: 2012–13
 * A-League Finals: Runner-up 2012–13

Japan
 * AFC U-16 Championship: 1994
 * AFC Asian Cup: 2000

Individual
 * AFC Youth Championship: Most Valuable Player: 1998
 * Asian Young Footballer of the Year: 1998
 * J.League Rookie of the Year: 1998
 * J.League Best Eleven: 1998
 * FIFA World Youth Championship Best Eleven: 1999
 * Asian Footballer of the Year: 2002
 * J.League 30th Anniversary Team

title: Shinji Ono


text:
Riverside Drive (Ottawa)

Riverside Drive (Ottawa Road #19) is a major road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that follows along the eastern bank of the Rideau River. Its northern terminus is at the Transitway/Via Rail underpass just south of the Queensway, and the road proceeds south to Limebank Road where it continues as River Road until the city limits. North of the Queensway, Riverside continues as Vanier Parkway, which travels through Vanier until Beechwood Avenue. The Vanier Parkway name is linked to the neighbourhood of Vanier, which was named for former Governor General of Canada Georges Vanier.

Most of the road is a four-lane divided principal arterial, with a speed limit of 60 km/h, although the general flow is faster in many sections.

Riverside is home to the Riverside Hospital, the Billings Bridge Plaza, the RA Centre, Canada Post headquarters, Public Works Canada headquarters, Canadian Labour Congress headquarters, Vincent Massey Park, Terry Fox Athletic Facility, and Mooney's Bay Park.

Riverside originally began at Montreal Road, but the area between Montreal Road and Hurdman's Bridge was renamed River Road (now River Road North) in 1960. Riverside was re-aligned between Smyth Road and Industrial Avenue in 1986. Riverside once ended at Industrial, while it was Alta Vista Drive that carried traffic across the Queensway to become the Vanier Parkway. The old alignment of Riverside Drive in Riverview continued to be known as Riverside Drive, serving a number of apartment building complexes, and has a cul-de-sac at each end. It would later be bifurcated by the Hospital Link Road, and its northern section was renamed Lycée Place, and its southern section renamed Frobisher Lane.

Limebank Road
Limebank Road is an arterial road in Ottawa, which is a southbound continuation of Riverside Drive that starts at River Road, and continues south through Riverside South and to Mitch Owens Rd. It continues southbound through West Greely as Dozois Road.

Major intersections

On Vanier Parkway On Riverside Drive On River Road
 * Ottawa Road 44 (Beechwood Avenue / St. Patrick Street)
 * Ottawa Road 34 (Montreal Road)
 * The Queensway / Highway 417, exit 117
 * Ottawa Road 30 (Industrial Avenue) / Bus Access to Hurdman Transit Station
 * Ottawa Road 72 (Smyth Road / Main Street)
 * Ottawa Road 31 (Bank Street)
 * Ottawa Road 79 (Bronson Avenue)
 * Ottawa Road 16 (Heron Road)
 * Ottawa Road 74 (Walkley Road)
 * Ottawa Road 32 (Hunt Club Road)
 * Limebank Road
 * Ottawa Road 14 (Leitrim Road)
 * Earl Armstrong Road (and Strandherd Drive via the Vimy Memorial Bridge)
 * Ottawa Road 8 (Mitch Owens Road)
 * Ottawa Road 6 (Roger Stevens Drive)
 * Ottawa Road 114 (Osgoode Main Street)
 * Ottawa Road 4 (Dalmeny Road)

Neighbourhoods

 * Riverview
 * Alta Vista
 * Billings Bridge
 * Uplands/South Keys

River Road

 * Riverside South
 * Manotick
 * Edgewater Park

Vanier Parkway

 * Vanier
 * Overbrook

title: Riverside Drive (Ottawa)


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/February 2004 I

Riddle
I am working on solving a riddle based on Jewish history. Not all the info might be on the site. I am looking for people to help me.

If anyone could answer any of the questions below, that would be very helpful.

1.Thanks to my looks, I was famous in the palace of the Persian King. Who am I?

2. Years later, I am well known in the city that was conquered by Avshalom's father. a. Who is Avshalom's father? b. What is the name of the city?

3. In the city, I am known only by my Hebrew name. Look for me at www.jnf-canada.org/jnf/openingpage/jnfopen.html In your search go sightseeing, follow the red dot to get to the ancient gates. The "places" is where you'll find me. What institution carries my name?

4. I am a youth movement active in the DC area. I'll never get old since I purified the temple. a. What's my name? I have a special connection to part A of the riddle. b. What is it?

5. If you click ISRAEL on my website you'll find on the right of the ____ three programs. Enter the first one. What is the program?

If anyone could help that would be great. Kramer 21:39, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Is this for a class or something? Here's my only thoughts--Avshalom is almost certainly a modern transliteration of the Old Testament name Absalom, the son of David, King of Israel. David conquered the city now known as Jerusalem.  The temple of Jerusalem was consecrated by Solomon, David's son, and Jesus is thought by some to have "purified" it when he drove out the moneychangers, etc.  I suspect that the above is an elaborate riddle designed to get you to the answer "Jesus" but cannot be certain. Jwrosenzweig 21:49, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for that, but I'll bet money it's not Jesus, unless they teach about hime in conservative afternoon hebrew school Kramer

Oh, and I think that it was Ezra that is found in the Persian King's Palace
 * Hey, if you had said "Hebrew school" above, maybe that would have helped. :-) Ezra would be another possible choice...didn't he lead the people back to Jerusalem (hence associated with it)?  Nehemiah another possibility?  From here, I think you're on your own. Jwrosenzweig 23:32, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

how tall
Did the tallest candidate always win the presidential race? Can you e-mail a list and the match-ups in order of year. I am usding this information for a college class.

thank you ray ruddles UTHRILLME007@YAHOO.COM

 * I'm sure the answer is no, but as a general trend, the taller candidate has usually won. Take a look at List of U.S. Presidents by height order, which is still very much a work in progress. --Minesweeper 03:59, Jan 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * I did a web search and found this claim, although at least once this was claimed true only since the introduction of television, and most resources use the ubiquitous "most" (for instance, see ). I failed to find any substantiation. Generally speaking, I cannot recall any gnome ever being elected President of the United States. If you like, this is the sort of question The Straight Dope enjoys taking apart, although the answer, know in advance, is "no". -Itai 22:23, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

linear interpolation
Good day.

I would like to ask how should I interpolate linearly to find for the seven values between two points given?

Please e-mail me at lheslhiee@yahoo.com

Thank you very much.

 * +I'll send you an excel sheet that makes it very simple. Good luck. ike9898 14:40, Feb 3, 2004 (UTC)

Ethnic Group
(moved from Village pump)

I wonder if you could help me.I am trying to fill a form out and it is asking my ethnic group,I am struggling with the answer as my grandad was apparantly jamacan and my grandmother english, and my mother was quite dark half cast and my father english.I was adopted you see so I am a bit stuck with my ethnic group I wonder if you can help Thanks Tracey.
 * If there's a space for it, you could write in mulatto. →Raul654 10:45, Feb 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Mixed-race is more commonly used in the UK. Mulatto is seen as derogatory. Secretlondon 21:44, Feb 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * I usually select "Other" or write in "American" (although that might get some people thinking "native american"--which I am, too, but not in the sense usually meant. I was born here.). Elf 00:05, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

quaternized protein
What exactly is the meaning of 'quaternized' protein? I am very familiar with protein, so don't bother explaining any of the basics. A google search mostly just turns up company's 'quaterized protein' products for use as ingredients in personal care products. ike9898 14:27, Feb 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've never heard of a "quaternized" protein, but I have heard of 'quaternary conformation,' aka 'quaternary structure.' It refers to the way multiple polypeptide chains join together to form a protein.  For instance, hemoglobin is composed of four separate (IIRC identical) polypeptides.  My conclusion, FWIW, is that certain companies' use of the term is intended as a deceptive tactic. --Smack 07:56, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

--Bazmeow 19:29, 31 January 2007 (UTC)Proteins naturally carry a negative charge. In order for them to be substantive to surfaces particularly skin and hair they need to carry a positive charge. The material is chemically modified using hydroxypropyltrimonium or some other quaternary material in order to make them cationic.

A Kiss Before Dying
(moved from the above article)

Hi!

I´ve a problem! I´m a austrian student and i have to make a book report about "A KISS BEFORE DYING" But I have not enough time to study this book! If you could send me a summery of this book, i would be very pleased!! (camel_hasi@hotmail.com)

I hope you could read my worse english!

Greetings

 * Ok, it goes something like this:

 * There's three robots, Zork, Spork, and Fnork. Spork and Fnork are in love with each other. All three are on a spaceship, but it crashes on a desolate planet. They survive, but Spork's powerpack is damaged in the crash. It will take weeks for rescue to come, and Spork will be dead by then. All three robots have interchangable powerpacks. All three are programmed not to cause injury to another, so Spork and Fnork can't kill Zork and take its powerpack. Fnork offers Spork its powerpack, but Spork says that losing Fnork would make it too sad, and that it would kill itself. Fnork feels the same way. So it looks like when rescue arrives only Zork will be alive, as Spork will have run out of power and Fnork will have killed itself with grief. But the dying Spork has a plan.  At night, when the other two are sleeping, Spork opens Fnork's casing, and rewires Fnork to be in love with Zork (rather than Spork). Similarly, Spork makes Zork love Fnork. This way Fnork won't be so griefstricken when Spork dies, and so two of the three will survive to be rescued.  Its selfless rewiring done, Spork kisses its beloved Fnork goodbye, and then dies.

 * Good luck! -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 01:58, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * The factual accuracy of this summary is disputed ☺ →Raul654 02:11, Feb 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * <sob> Nothing like the classics. -Itai 15:21, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Accuracy
Hi, I have been a frequent visitor of this site for some weeks now after stumbling across it on a popular search engine dogpile.com. I have today however found out that anyone can edit this site anywhere in any article - now this worries me slightly. How accurate is this information? How can you tell the sources of this information are honest and true? Is there some sort of testing process to ensure this 'new donated' info is 100% truth. This is quite important for me as I am about to set upon my dissertation and can't afford incorrect information. Thanks Alex Bird - Leeds, UK

 * That's a good question, Alex. Surprisingly, quite a lot of it is accurate, particularly in the "important" areas. Gross inaccuracies do tend to get removed fairly quickly (I just fixed some comedian who altered Tony Blair to show his successor as Michael Howard, something that hasn't entirely happened yet).  But some stuff is nonsense, and there's any number of places where eternal controversy rages (religion, abortion, terrorism, israel etc.).  Wikipedia has been cited on news reports, and even in a court case. In most places it seems to be genuinely more neutral (a neutrality often born of fire) and more comprehensive than most professional sources. But there's no such thing as 100% truth (depending on what kind of philosopher you ask, there's no such thing as truth at all). I wouldn't cite wikipedia, or anthing else, without corroboration. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 16:29, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * For my take on it - I've noticed that when articles do contain errors, they are often very minor in scope. This morning I fixed an error over at the Foundation Series article - it had said the series was written over the course of 42 years, when it was actually 44. Like I said, a very trivial error. And I don't really see blatant errors (not counting vandalism) very often at all. →Raul654 16:47, Feb 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * I would suggest that the answers at Replies to common objections would be a more extensive explanation of our take on this issue, but Raul and Finlay have given excellent short replies, I think. The community is able to police itself remarkably well on almost every issue, and errors of fact are becoming hard to find (though I still seek them out, of course...have to get it perfect! :) Jwrosenzweig 18:13, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Personally, I think Wikipedia is nothing short of a miracle, and would have founded a dedicated religion (very much like a dedicated server and twice as reliable), were it not for the fact that I have already traded away my twelve first children-to-be to various religious order and causes in exchange for lollypops. -Itai 16:25, 15 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Title sequence, help needed
Hi everyone my names Tony im doing a HND in graphic design. We have just been set a brief to create a typographically (type) based title sequence for either blockbusters, 15 to 1 or family fortunes. Any ideas as to where i can find the existing or the old title sequences for these shows or any ideas on an approach or concept. Tried researching in all the search engines without any luck.

Thanks in advance.

Tony

stonylaw@yahoo.co.uk

 * You might try looking over at http://tv.cream.org which is about "classic" British TV. They occasionally have clips of some title sequences, etc., or might link to them. -- DrBob

 * The UK game show page has pictures of the logos of these shows, and some other graphics from each show. I think they have contact details for the production companies, who may or may not, be of some help. The page is here: http://www.ukgameshows.com/ Silverfish 15:54, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

St. Antoine's
My daughter has a report to do on St.Antoine's in Paris, France. We have spent days searching for any information. Unfortunately, all we have discovered is that it was a church in Paris in the 1500's. We would like to know where we can get more information. Unfortunately, her report is due on Thursday (UGH!), so if possible, any info would be greatly appreciated as soon as possible. I can be reached at octoberbabee@aol.com. Thank you.
 * This church seems very obscure...my only suggestion is that the St. Antoine district was involved with the Fronde....perhaps the church was involved as well? Another option would be to try the French wikipedia (fr.wikipedia.org), but of course it's a french language site, so I don't know how receptive they are to questions in English.  Might be worth a try.  I also sent a reply to the email address above. Jwrosenzweig 18:11, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Are you sure that your daughter's assignment wasn't supposed to be about Saint-Antoine des Quinze-Vingts? See, for example http://www.discoverparis.net/parisinsights/July03_churches.html. -- Jmabel 05:10, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

February
How often does February occur with 5 Sundays? -- arno1576@bellsouth.net

 * The short answer is that it happens every 28 years. The longer answer is that, on average, it occurs every 28.866 years (think about century leap years). Stewart Adcock 00:40, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Does the fact that there are 5 Sundays in this February (Leap Year) have any significance or does it drum up any superstitions? -- Larry / Anchorage

family
I WAS WONDERING IF THERE HAS BEEN A FAMILY GENEALOGY DONE ON MR. CLARK. AND IF SO CAN IT BE SEEN ON THE INTERNET OR OBTAINED/ THANKS   CAROLYN CLARK
 * Hit the third key from the bottom on the left side of your keyboard once, please. It's labelled 'Caps Lock' and may hold a LED. Jor 23:25, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Firstly, Clark is a very common name, so you would have to be more specific in order to find any meaningful information. Secondly, this is an encyclopedia, not a general information repository, so the best we can do is offer you information about genealogy. - IMSoP 01:24, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Because you haven't given Mr. Clark's full name or particulars, I'm going to assume you mean the U.S. presidential candidate. If so, you can find the Ancestry of Gen. Wesley K. Clark compiled by William Addams Reitwiesner here. Since he was born Wesley Kanne, the son of Benjamin Jacob Kanne and Veneta Updegraff, and took the name Clark when Veneta married her third husband Victor Clark, I wouldn't assume that you're related on the basis of having the same last name. - Nunh-huh 21:09, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

which medicines are safe to use after "expiry date" has elapsed?
does anybody know whether the expiry dates on supermarket medicines (e.g. non-prescription medicines like multivitamins or Pepto-Bismol etc) mean that the medicine is actually unsafe if you use them after that date, or does it usually simply mean that the efficacy or efficiency is only guaranteed until that date? are there various classes of medicines which are safe to consume after the stated date (albeit having less of an effect) versus ones that aren't? i would imagine that because medicines available in the supermarket are more likely to be misused than those available on prescription that manufacturers of multi-vitamins and aspirin for example would unlikely stock medicines that would not be safe if consumed after their expiry date simply because of fear of litigation. but i'd like to know for sure. --Clarkk 08:36, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Please see the Medical disclaimer. You'd be best off asking your pharmacist. Angela. 08:55, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Though it's probably worth knowing that in most instances the expiration date is there because the drug becomes ineffective with age, rather than becoming noxious. The ineffectiveness is a danger in itself: you don't want to reach for the nitroglycerine when you're having your heart attack and have it not work. That's why the expiration dates are there: if you find you don't use a whole bottle before they expire, throw out the expired bottle and buy a smaller quantity next time. 0 Nunh-huh 10:53, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Good information on this is hard to get, and often does not exist. The Wall Street Journal did a story or two on it a few years ago, basing most of its treatment on a study by the U.S. Department of Defense, which doesn't want to waste money buying drugs and throwing them out (no sarcastic comments, please). The general conclusion was that expiration dates tend to be arbitrary, backed by little or no actual testing. The economic incentives, a matter to which the Journal tends to pay close attention, are against the manufacturer's specifying an excessively long shelf life, to put it mildly. Naturally, many things really do have a brief life; a prescription for an infection, marked with a short lifetime, clearly needs to be used and thrown out, not kept for another time. Dandrake 21:22, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)

Milo (drink)
Does anyone know the history of Milo the chocolate drink? Thanks! PMA 11:41, Feb 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * The Milo section on Nestlé Australia's web site is very child-friendly (ie. loud, bright, and not very informative), but has the basic details. —Paul A 02:18, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Wesley Clark Question
Could you please tell me if Mr. Wesley Clark could possibly be the same person who gave a 'talk' at the Naval Air Station, Memphis, TN. in the 70's? Not sure of year but after 1973, maybe late 70's.  Thank you.

 * It could well be. If you have a look at the Wesley Clark article, he was apparently an instructor at West Point from 1971 to 1974.  As such, I'd imagine he's the kind of person that would give talks to sailors/naval airmen/whatever you call them (I'm neither American nor a military person).  You can also go to his campaign website and have a look in his "reading room", which has a bunch of documents from his military service.  --Robert Merkel 00:55, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Subliminal Message Bibliography Info.. Pleaseeee Read!!!
I need to know who wrote the article Subliminal Message, i need the location of the posting orginization, and the date of document. Please this is URGENT! thank you! e-mail me the info if you can (prefered) foxyroxy0709@aol.com
 * It sounds to me like this is for a bibliography. Is there some policy page somewhere which says how you are supposed to cite wikipedia in a bibliography? →Raul654 22:46, Feb 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * See Citing Wikipedia. :) Jwrosenzweig 22:50, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, since it's probably too much to hope for him to check back, I'll send him the email ;) →Raul654 22:53, Feb 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Should've mentioned I was going to email....I did, and then got back this: "Your mail to the following recipients could not be delivered because they are not accepting mail from your email address: foxyroxy0709".....ah, I love helping others. ;) I hope foxy roxy (why, btw, did you assume this was a "him" Raul? :) checks back here, 'cause email apparently isn't "(prefered)". Jwrosenzweig 23:54, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I got the same thing too. And (call me sexist) but I tend to assume it is a he unless other information is presented. I didn't even notice the name ;) Anyway, let me post my email in its entirely just in case (s)he does return.

→Raul654 23:59, Feb 5, 2004 (UTC)

Dear FoxRoxy:

On the Wikipedia reference desk, you posted the following: SUBLIMINAL MESSAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY INFO.. PLEASEEEE READ!!! I need to know who wrote the article Subliminal Message, i need the location of the posting orginization, and the date of document. Please this is URGENT! thank you! e-mail me the info if you can (prefered) foxyroxy0709@aol.com

The subliminal message article is located at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subliminal_message

It sounds to us like this is for a bibliography of some sort. We have an page with instructions for citing it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia

To answer your question specifically:
 * Q) I need to know who wrote the article Subliminal Message
 * A) Because Wikipedia can be edited by anyone on the internet, this question is

hard to answer. The Citing Wikipedia page says specifically that you should not cite any particular author. In this case, I count about 15 people who have contributed to that article.
 * Q) I need the location of the posting orginization
 * A) The posting organization is the Wikimedia foundation

(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia ). It is located in Florida.
 * Q) (I need) the date of document.
 * A) According to the article's history

(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Subliminal_message&action=history ), the last time it was changed was: (cur) (last). . 03:24, Jan 5, 2004. . Thunderbunny (details to 2000 ad message)

The last person who edited it was user Thunderbunny on January 5, 2004.

I hope this has been helped. Feel free to ask me any other question you might have about Wikipedia.

Sincerely Yours, Mark *********

Ripple (the alcoholic drink)
I have heard of a drink called Ripple refered to several times. It normally has come up in old black (African-american) comedy and music. Any idea if this is still produced? Can anyone tell me anything about it? I suppose it was probably a fortified wine, something like MD 20/20... ike9898 02:12, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * The Gallo family marketed several infamous inexpensive wines (among them Boone's Farm, Ripple, and Thunderbird). Thunderbird was "fortified"; I believe the others were just cheap. But in terms of reputation, you're thinking right if you're thinking MD 20/20: a cheap high rather than a complement to fine dining.... - Nunh-huh 04:12, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

J. Frederick George
What is J. Frederick George's actual name? Bevo 06:29, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * J. Frederick George's real name is George Jewsbury, according to an interview with Neal Stephenson in Locus magazine. Jwrosenzweig 21:14, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC) (this answer also on Bevo's talk page)

 * Thanks! I like the new organization of the articles tieing it all together. Bevo 15:24, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations
I want to thank you for this wonderful resource. This is exactly what the internet should be all about.

Cheers

rich
 * I think I speak for all of Wikipedia when I say - thank you for the kind words. →Raul654 12:06, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hear, hear! It's nice to feel that one's work is being used and appreciated. :) Jwrosenzweig 17:30, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

script
I am currently writing a movie script, and I am almost done and would like to sell, I would like to see if you are willing to read it.
 * We do not publish or read original scripts here. Good luck sending it to a movie producer or agent.  Thanks for stopping by, though, and feel free to look at our articles on movies for inspiration. :) Jwrosenzweig 21:08, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Playable range of a trumpet?
What is the playable range (i.e. lowest and highest possible notes) of a trumpet? That information isn't in the article. (Actually, I don't think it's there in many of the other instrument pages, either. I'd add it, but I don't know it.) --bdesham 04:18, Feb 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * They usually call it "playing range", not "playable". Such data can be found, fortunately for us, easily in groups of many popular instruments, e.g., . --Menchi 06:54, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * There is no theoretical upper limit. It's a matter of technique. As for the lower limit, there is one; haven't played trumpet in over 20 years, so my memory could be wrong. Would someone who has played more recently please weigh in? I believe the low note is a F# in the B-flat notation used for trumpet, but it might be possible to get a half-tone lower with all the valves down; I believe that it is equivalent to the E below middle C on a piano. Any good player should be able to get up at least to the C (in B-flat notation, so really a B-flat) 2-1/2 octaves higher. A serious player can make it, at least briefly, to the G (in B-flat notation, so really an F) three octaves higher. Beyond that would be very impressive technique, and really good lip muscles, but it can be done. -- Jmabel 07:02, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not a trumpeter, but according to the Concise Grove, the range extends (as Jmabel says) from the E below middle C (written F#) and typically extends upwards for about three octaves, though there's no theoretical upper limit, just a practical one (also as Jmabel says). I've added the info the article. --Camembert

 * As mentioned above, there is a practical limit. However, there's a recording of Mark Van Cleave playing a Quad C, which is generally acknowledged by most trumpeters to be the highest note possible - see (or should that be hear?) http://www.trumpetplayeronline.com/sounds/quad-c.mp3

Seek info Pope Paul VI visit New York 1965
I have Comemorative cards of the Popes visit in 1965 but no captions or comments. Some of them I have figured out. He did visit the UN and meet the Secretary General at that time.

 * Mass at St. Pats?
 * He "visited" St. Pat's. No mention of a mass there.

 * Mass outside stadium (which one) or Central Park?
 * Yankee Stadium

 * Pope visiting with President Johnson, where? Did the Pope meet the President at the White House?
 * At the Waldorf-Astoria. This article also has other info on his visit.

Help, commemts, appreciated
 * I found all of this in 8 minutes with Google. -- Jmabel 03:31, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Intersection of a plane and a polyhedron
I'm not too hopeful on getting an answer here, but Google wasn't much help. Does anybody know how to calculate the area of intersection of a plane and an arbitrary 3D polyhedron? Let's say, for starters, I have the plane in terms of a point and two angles, and the polyhedron is the convex hull of an arbitrary number of points. What's the area of their intersection?

Other things that will be helpful in the future include the area of intersection of a cone section and a plane, and a cylinder and a plane.

Thanks. moink 23:03, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I've simplified the problem a bit. Now I just need the area of the intersection of a plane (in any form, standard i.e. x+By+Cz+D=0 is fine) with an eight-sided polyhedron made up of two not-necessarily-similar trapezoids in parallel planes, and those trapezoid planes are parallel to the x-z plane. moink 02:25, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * There may be a better way, but it should be possible to take every pair of points, and find the intersection between the line through the pair with the plane. Then the problem is to find the convex hull area of a set of points in a plane. Κσυπ Cyp    13:15, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks! That was actually quite helpful.  I have a piece of incomprehensible Fortran code from the 50s that does this.  It had an array of 12 intermediate variables, and I couldn't for the life of me think what there could possibly be 12 of.  It's the intersections of the plane with the edges of the polyhedron!  So now I've got that down, I just need a formula for the area of a plane polygon (I'm actually projecting it onto a coordinate plane, so I have it nicely in 2 coordinates) expressed as the convex hull of some number of points (0-12).  (Actually, I'm sure there's an upper limit on the number of points, and that it's less than 12, but my visualization is pretty bad, so I don't know what the limit is.  Also of course with less than 3 points it's trivial) moink 19:24, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * The area of a plane polygon is the total area of its composite triangles. The area of a triangle with points A, B and C is ½|(B-A)×(C-A)|, × being the cross product, || the length. Κσυπ Cyp    22:02, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Yep, thought of that. Just need to come up with a complete set of non-overlapping triangles to make up the polygon, by only knowing it's vertices, and nothing about the arrangement of its vertices.  moink 22:05, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * The Graham scan would probably work. Where Pi is the ith sorted point of n remaining points, the triangles are then {P1, P2, P3}, {P1, P3, P4}, {P1, P4, P5}, ..., {P1, Pn-1, Pn}. Κσυπ Cyp    22:24, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Cyp, you're awesome! And the Wikipedia is awesome!  Who knew I could find an algorithm in here to do exactly what I needed to do?  moink 22:32, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Even better, I just found out that Matlab (which is how I'm doing this) already has a function to return the area of a convex hull! Yay!!!!  moink 02:09, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Mother and fetus: incompatible blood type
How can a fetus with a different blood type than the mother tolerate the mother's blood?
 * ''Such troubles arise almosst invariably in the case where an Rh negative mother has a child by an RH positive father. Now, the blood of the mother and fetus are often incompatible, even in the major A, B, O groups, but this is not serious in itself since the blood of the mother and fetus do not intermingle. The blood vessels belonging to each break up into fine capillaries in a special organ called the placenta developed by the mother during pregnancy. Oxygen and food molecules can diffuse across the placental membranes from the mother's capillaries to the fetus's. Carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse back in the other direction.
 * ''Although no red blood cells cross the placenta in either direction, it is possible for some of the blood group substances to work loose of the red cell and diffuse across. If the blood group is incompatible with the new blood where it enters, an agglutinin may be developed against it. To what extent this happens depends upon the particular group substance and the quantity that leaks across. For some reason, RH-positive substance, diffusing across into the blood of an Rh negative mother will occasionally (say, once in twenty times) produce an unusually high titer of anti-rh-positive agglutinins.
 * --Isaac Asimov, The Living River (a book about the circulatory system), page 88
 * →Raul654 07:04, Feb 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * One more thing. There is a condition where blood between the mother and fetus does intermingle, and the mother's immune attacks it. This is called Erythroblastosis Fetalis (usually just Erythroblastosis) →Raul654 20:58, Feb 9, 2004 (UTC)

Open-site.org, Offline Wiki, Multilingual Wiki
Hello, I have 3 questions: 1. Why don't merge with open-site.org? Maybe they have some stuff that coulb be put here? 2. Why not do an offline standalone exe version of Wiki? I thinkt it would give Wiki more users.. 3. Why when I registered into English Wiki and then to log into Polish I had to register new user?

Regards, Talthen --Talthen 18:32, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I can't speak to the first question, but to the latter two
 * 2) Wikipedia (the english one) is big. Really big - 3,000 megs. There are tarballs for download, but the bandwidth necessary to do it is high.
 * 3) The wikipedia user databases are seperate. User accounts on the english wikipedia exist only for en.wikipedia.org. Polish accounts exist only on the polish wikipedia, etc. →Raul654 18:54, Feb 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * 3: Because it is presumptuous to think that others would ever be intrested in say, Bajorian WP, and flood the Bajorian WP up with users who never go there. I doubt you'd ever dare to call yourself a real Bajorian Wikipedian, even if you have an account there. --Menchi 18:55, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * 3) Because it happened that way, and therefore now is the potential problem that different people have the same login on different Wikipædias, making it harder to set up a unified login system. Κσυπ Cyp    22:10, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * 1) Open-site.org have a completely different set up to us. I don't see how a merge would be possible as they have very strict access levels, whereas we allow anyone to edit. Also, their license is not compatible with the GFDL. See the Open site thread on wikipedia-l about this too. Angela. 02:31, Feb 9, 2004 (UTC)

skin color
I have heard that when a child is born, his or her skin color will not be darker than the darkest parent. Is this true?

 * No. Next question? Jmabel 00:17, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Nor is there the opposite rule: that the child can't be lighter than the lighter parent. Explaining this in detail would take part of a first-year course in genetics, or maybe the genetics section of a good high-school biology course, if there is one. (I tried to write a brief, accurate summary of why this is, but found I couldn't. Sorry.) Dandrake 07:29, Feb 16, 2004 (UTC)

research
dear Sirs,

I'm not sure I'm in the right office; if not perhaps you can direct me.

I am writing a novel and need some detailed information on the Yoshiwara pleasure enclave somewhere in Asakusa. I am looking for the specific location or address, size and/or map if possible (permission to reprint) and it's outcome from the fire raid of March 9/10th.

Also, I understand there may have been a POW camp in arakawa called NIPPON TSUUN 10-B. Any detailed information on this or any other camp in the north asakusa area or where I can go to find this information, would be greatly appreciated.

Domo Arigato,

Marc Hagan

 * Marc, the Wikipedia is an online, volunteer encyclopedia. A brief check suggests, there's no detailed information on that in the Wikipedia; you probably need to visit a good research library for that kind of information.  --Robert Merkel 04:20, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Legal term
This is a question I suppose most native English speakers (and quite a few who aren't) should be able to tackle with no great difficulty. What is the legal term - if such exists - for the time since a crime is committed after which no complaints can be filed or legal processes begun? -Itai 20:09, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * We refer to "the statute of limitations". Example: "He escaped prosecution for robbery as the statute of limitations for robbery in the first degree is 7 years." Jwrosenzweig 20:40, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * A simpler verison of the above: "He could not be prosecuted for the crime because the statute of limitations had expired" →Raul654 20:54, Feb 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * As usual, Raul provides the more useful response at the Reference Desk. :) That is a far nicer sentence than mine. *shakes head sadly* Jwrosenzweig
 * Thanks! This is just what I had in mind, and both examples are highly enlightening. -Itai 21:37, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * note that "statute of limitations" is a specific US term (particular to the US legal system) and that the phrase is thus specific to that country. Legal systems descending from the UK's legal system(s) (which means most other english-speaking countries) lack both this concept thus any phrase for it. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 21:11, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response! I suppose that, alas, I had best not murder anyone when in Britain. Truth be told, I was looking for the English equivalent of an Israeli term, which seems to correspond to the American, as you say, "statute of limitations". I am dimly aware that the Israeli legal system is derived, to a certain extent, from the British, but am no legal expert. -Itai 21:37, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Even in the gun-totin', free-wheelin' USA, I'm afraid there is no statute of limitations on murder. :-) No matter how long it has been, there are some heinous crimes for which you can always be prosecuted here. Jwrosenzweig 21:40, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, the term is used in Canada too, which makes me think it is used in all British-based legal systems. moink 22:19, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Advertising Slogan
Good afternoon,

I hope you can help my work colleagues and myself we are trying to remember which british advert the following slogan relates to:

tasty tasty very very tasty.

thank you for your time.

best regards Kim and the crew

 * Used to sell Kellogg's Bran Flakes, I believe. -- DrBob

P-51B/C (technical drawings)
Where can I obtain technical drawings of the P-51B/C?

 * You are far more likely to get an answer if you give us a clue what it is. This could be anything from an airplane to a model of speaker... -- Jmabel 07:36, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * It's easy enough to find out - by Googling for "P-51B/C", for instance - what the P-51B/C is. Anyway, I rather think anyone who knew where to find the requested technical drawings would already know what they were technical drawings of. :o)  —Paul A 08:06, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Difficulties in Navigation
Is there a way in Wiki to navigate through a hierarchy? It feels like the only way to find an article of interest is through search. I suppose as an encyclopedia nerd, my first instinct is to want to open a table of contents and browse through a multi-layered hierarchy. Does such a thing exist? Is there a master hierarchy to which every article in the database belongs?

Thanks much!

Zachary Ryan

 * There is no master hierarchy, but there are attempts to categorize major articles by subject area. Try clicking on the subject areas on the Main Page or just click here and see if that helps you find what you want. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 19:15, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * It's the nature of knowledge that not all subjects fall into a hierarchy. Many are combinations of aspects of several unrelated fields that are otherwise unrelated. The words in each article, ideally, should provide links not only to broader and narrower subjects, but also to other subjects that are related to it in some other way. Wikipedia can use encyclopedia nerds like you to help create these links. Perhaps you would enjoy contributing to Lists of articles by category, which is closest to the hierarchical table of contents you seek? GUllman 01:41, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Black Holes and White Holes
I realize that the existence of Black Holes and White Holes are still being discussed. However, I was wondering if it has been discussed that their is an exit or why out inside a Black Hole. I know white hole would be a type of exit, but every site I've been to says that they're existence is impossible.

 * See Hawking radiation — this seems to be the only matter which can 'escape' a Black hole. Jor 21:47, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Even then, that's from just outside the event horizon, so still nothing escapes. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 21:51, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * No matter "escapes" a black hole. However, black holes do effectively shrink (from the annihilation of particle/anti-particle pairs) through Hawking radiation. Still, the particle that the black hole "loses" is not the same particle as appears near the event horizon. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 22:28, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * This FAQ contains a good discussion of what happens if you fall into a black hole. -- Tim Starling 04:54, Feb 11, 2004 (UTC)

David Cassidy
Can you tell me please is there a DAVID CASSIDY website on the World Wide Web ? I cannot find one. Thank You

Google is your friend Jor 23:00, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Alter color
If light is an electomagnetic wave could a big enough magnetic discharge alter the surounding area's color by a fraction? I asked my teacher but he said to look and I haven't found anything. your help will be greatly appreciated.

thanks Grant Colasurdo

 * IANAP, but I believe that light isn't exactly an electromagnetic wave, nor is it particular (getting all quantum mechanics-y). It may have something to do with the fact that you can't affect radio waves by magnets, either, I believe. Anyway, someone may want to clarify :) Dysprosia 04:14, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Light most certainly is an electromagnetic wave. However, a magnetic field won't change the frequency (colour) of light as it travels through space. If it is travelling through some kind of matter, a magnetic field will alter the polarization of the light due to the Faraday effect . And some materials may change colour when a magnetic field is applied, for example by the Zeeman effect.

 * Light is definitely affected by electric and magnetic fields, but in most cases it is the direction or polarization of the light which is affected, not the frequency. The reason light bounces off things rather than passing straight through them is because of the strong electric fields inside the materials. Processes which change the frequency of "monochromatic" (single-frequency) light are called "nonlinear". -- Tim Starling 05:00, Feb 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Just to clarify a few things - first of all, light always behaves like a wave except when it impacts something, and then it behaves like a particle (see Compton effect). You could probably use magnetic fields to "steer" (monochromatic) light, but not to alter its frequency. The only way to do that is to pass it through some kind of material.
 * Also, as a side note, you might want to read the article on Cherenkov radiation, which is produced when high energy particles pass through matter. They impact with such force that a blue glow is emitted. →Raul654 08:49, Feb 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * The "color" of an object is its reflection spectrum - the set of wavelengths that it reflects rather than absorbing. It depends entirely on its molecular structure; more specifically, on the energy levels of atomic and molecular orbitals.  Unless the radiation is so powerful that it can cause chemical reactions, it can't change the color of anything. --Smack 22:33, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Bible Timelines
I HAVE GATHERED INFORMATION ON HALLEY'S COMET AND NEED DATING OF BIBLE EVENTS FROM ADAM'S CREATION, ALSO FROM ROMAN HISTORY RECORDS. IS THERE SUCH A BIBLE TIMELINE AVAILABLE, IF SO, HOW DO I ACCESS IT?

DOES WIKIPEDIA HAVE ROMAN HISTORY RECORDS WHICH I CAN ACCESS? IF SO, HOW DO I DO IT? SPECIFICALLY, I NEED INFORMATION ON WHEN THEIR CALENDAR OF IDES, NONES AND KALENDS WAS BEGUN.
 * First, please do not type in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Dating of Biblical events is notoriously controversial.  Bishop Ussher made perhaps the most popular calculation of Bible dating several hundred years ago, which placed the creation of Adam in the year 4004 BC (October, if I recall correctly). Many Biblical scholars today would disagree, but Ussher's dates still have their defenders. I couldn't offer any more guidance than that.  We are not a Roman history repository, though we do have articles on ancient Rome.  Perhaps Roman calendar would be of use to you?  Otherwise, I'm afraid you'll need to invest in some specialized books, or better yet go to the library of a seminary or other religious college (even a public university's library would probably help).  Books on Bible dating and the more detailed aspects of Roman history are your best bet. Jwrosenzweig 16:59, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)