text:
Spaniel

A spaniel is a type of gun dog. Spaniels were especially bred to flush game out of denser brush. By the late 17th century, spaniels had been specialized into water and land breeds. The extinct English Water Spaniel was used to retrieve water fowl shot down with arrows. Land spaniels were setting spaniels—those that crept forward and pointed their game, allowing hunters to ensnare them with nets, and springing spaniels—those that sprang pheasants and partridges for hunting with falcons, rabbits and smaller mammals such as rats and mice for hunting with greyhounds. During the 17th century, the role of the spaniel dramatically changed as Englishmen began hunting with flintlocks for wing shooting. Charles Goodall and Julia Gasow (1984) write that spaniels were "transformed from untrained, wild beaters, to smooth, polished gun dogs."

The word "spaniel" would seem to be derived from the medieval French espaigneul—"Spanish"—to modern French, espagnol.

Definition and description

The Oxford English Dictionary defines Spaniel as "a breed of dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears".

Not much has changed about spaniels in general over the years, as can be seen in this 1921 entry in Collier's New Encyclopedia:

"Their distinguishing characteristics are a rather broad muzzle, remarkably long and full ears, hair plentiful and beautifully waved, particularly that of the ears, tail, and hinder parts of the thighs and legs. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye. The English spaniel is a superior and very pure breed. The King Charles is a small variety of the spaniel used as a lapdog. The water spaniels, large and small, differ from the common spaniel only in the roughness of their coats, and in uniting the aquatic propensities of the Newfoundland dog with the fine hunting qualities of their own race. Spaniels possess a great share of intelligence, affection, and obedience, which qualities, combined with much beauty, make them highly prized as companions."

History

The origin of the word spaniel is described by the Oxford English Dictionary as coming from the Old French word espaigneul which meant "Spanish (dog)"; this in turn originated from the Latin Hispaniolus which simply means "Spanish".

In Edward, 2nd Duke of York's work The Master of Game, which was mostly a 15th-century translation of an earlier work by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn entitled Livre de chasse, spaniels are described as being from Spain as much as all Greyhounds are from England or Scotland. Sixteenth-century English physician John Caius wrote that the spaniels of the time were mostly white, marked with spots that are commonly red. He described a new variety to have come out of France, which were speckled all over with white and black, "which mingled colours incline to a marble blewe".

Celtic origin theory
In the appendices added to the 1909 re-print of Caius' work, the editors suggested that the type of dogs may have been brought into the British Isles as early as 900 BC by a branch of the Celts moving from Spain into Cornwall and on into Wales, England and Ireland. Theories on the origin of the Welsh Springer Spaniel support this theory, as it is believed that the breed specifically is a direct descendant of the "Agassian hunting dog" described in the hunting poem Cynegetica attributed to Oppian of Apamea, which belonged to the Celtic tribes of Roman Britain:

"There is a strong breed of hunting dog, small in size but no less worthy of great praise. These the wild tribes of Britons with their tattooed backs rear and call by the name of Agassian. Their size is like that of worthless and greedy domestic table dogs; squat, emaciated, shaggy, dull of eye, but endowed with feet armed with powerful claws and a mouth sharp with close-set venomous tearing teeth. It is by virtue of its nose, however, that the Agassian is most exalted, and for tracking it is the best there is; for it is very adept at discovering the tracks of things that walk upon the ground, and skilled too at marking the airborne scent."

Roman origin theory
Another theory of the origin of the spaniel is that the ancient Romans imported spaniels into Britannia by way of the trade routes to the Far East. Colonel David Hancock adds a belief that the sporting type of spaniel originated in China from the short-faced ancestors of dogs such as the Pekingese, Pug and Shih Tzu. The theory goes that these ancestors were introduced into Southern Europe and evolved into the small sporting spaniels of the period around AD 1300–1600. The issue of how a short-muzzled dog could evolve into a longer-muzzled dog is addressed by pointing to the evolution of the King Charles Spaniel into the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in less than a century.

Hunting
In assisting hunters, it is desirable that spaniels work within gun range, are steady to shot, and are able to mark the fall and retrieve shot game to hand with a soft mouth. A good nose is highly valued, as it is in most gun dog breeds. They are versatile hunters traditionally being used for upland game birds, but are equally adept at hunting rabbits, waterfowl, rats, and mice. Whether hunting in open fields, woodlands, farm lands—in briars, along fencerows or marshlands, a spaniel can get the job done.

On the basis of function and hunting style, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) draws a distinction between Continental and Anglo-American spaniels. The FCI places Continental dogs of the spaniel type in the pointing group (Group 7, sect. 1.2) because they function more like setters which "freeze" and point to game. Breeds in this group include the Blue Picardy Spaniel, the French Spaniel, the Brittany, the Pont-Audemer Spaniel, and the Small Münsterländer. The FCI classifies most other dogs of the spaniel type as flushing or water dogs (Group 8, sections 2 and 3).

Misnamed
The following breeds are not true spaniels, but are named as such due to their resemblance to the spaniels.

title: Spaniel


text:
Talk:Bank of New York

Comments
Page protected because user keeps adding copyrighted information to the article. Has not responded to warnings in user talk. Graham :) 17:05, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The figure for assets under management seems to be very large, as their competitors have AUM of up to $1.4 trillion, rather than $16.6 trillion as this article states.

 * The figure of $16.6 Trillion is assets under custody not under management. --Vivenot 10:02, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:New BNY logo.jpg
Image:New BNY logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 17:00, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I have included fair use rationale as per: HSBC. However I notice that the logos representing articles about many other financial services corporations do not have fair use e.g. State Street, Citi, Morgan Stanley, Mellon etc etc. In other words, you've got your work cut out! --Vivenot 09:35, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was no consensus. JPG-GR (talk) 17:19, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Bank of New York → The Bank of New York — Per WP:COMMONNAME. "The" is part of the company's common name, as it appears in their old logo before they merged with Mellon. — Y2kcrazyjoker4 (talk) 20:35, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Oppose. No evidence given that The is actually included in the name as commonly used (as in reliable, third party sources). A corporations preferred styling is not necessarily the same as common use. From references available on the page, reliable sources such as NYT and CBS  do not include "The" as part of the name. older ≠ wiser 21:14, 6 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. By their own website ("The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation") and ("The Bank of New York Company"), the company consistently uses The (initial capitalization) in front of their name. As precedent, see The New York Times. I would not use media organizations as a reference for the proper name of a company. •••Life of Riley (T–C) 00:15, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Constitution of the Bank of New York
Does anyone have any links to the actual text of the Constitution that Alexander Hamilton wrote for the Bank of New New York? I would like to create a new page on wikipedia on that subject so that the link on this page to the constitution leads to it and not to the current page which is just a page on constitutions in general.Jacob2342 (talk) 20:36, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

Date of foundation
The Bank of New York was organized March 15, 1784 ... and ... opened its offices on June 9, 1784 in the Walton House at 67 St. George′s Square.

The information is taken from Edward Streeter′s Window on America published by the Bank of New York (1971) (amazon.com) and the text referred to is available online here and there. --Tulipanos (talk) 16:29, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bank of New York


text:
Kamen-Rybolov

Kamen-Rybolov (Ка́мень-Рыболо́в) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khankaysky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Khanka. Population:

History
It was founded by peasants who migrated from the western regions of Russia (modern day Belarus) and by the Cossacks in 1865.

title: Kamen-Rybolov


text:
Gray County

Gray County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 * Gray County, Kansas
 * Gray County, Texas

title: Gray County


text:
Edward Lasker

Edward Lasker (born Eduard Lasker) (December 3, 1885 – March 25, 1981) was a German-American chess and Go player. He was awarded the title of International Master of chess by FIDE. Lasker was an engineer by profession, and an author of books on Go, chess and checkers. Born in Prussia, he emigrated to the United States in 1914. He was distantly related to World Chess Champion Emanuel Lasker with whom he is sometimes confused.

Early life and education
Lasker was born in Kempen, Province of Posen, Prussia, German Empire (present-day Kępno, Poland), the son of Sigismund Lasker and Flora Bornstein. He studied in Breslau (now Wrocław) and in Charlottenburg (now part of Berlin).

Lasker earned undergraduate degrees at the Technical College of Charlottenburg in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, graduating in 1910.

Engineering career
Before World War I he moved first to London and then, in 1914 shortly after the outbreak of war, to the U.S., the birthplace of his mother. He found a job in Chicago, working for Sears & Roebuck as a safety engineer. When the United States entered the war in 1917, he was sent enlistment papers, but with the right of exemption as a German. He waived his right to exemption, which he said would make his American citizenship be granted more quickly; however, the war was over before he was called up to military service.

In 1921–23, he invented a mechanical breast pump, which saved many premature infants' lives and made Lasker much money, although it caused his friends to refer to him facetiously as "the chest player".

Chess
His chess teacher in Breslau was Arnold Schottländer. In Berlin, he won the City Championship (1909) and wrote his first chess book titled Chess Strategy (Schachstrategie, 1911) which had many English and German editions. Lasker published several books on American checkers, chess, and Go. He won five U.S. Open Chess Championships (1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921); this tournament was known at the time as the Western Open. His best result was his narrow 8½–9½ loss in a match with Frank Marshall for the U.S. Championship in 1923; this result was achieved even after Lasker had to take a postponement while leading the match due to a severe kidney stone attack.

For that, Lasker was invited to participate in the legendary New York 1924 chess tournament, a double round robin featuring such world class players as Alekhine, Efim Bogoljubov, Capablanca, Emanuel Lasker, and Réti. He finished tenth out of eleven players, but many of his games were competitive. For instance, he split with Alekhine, won games against Réti and Savielly Tartakower, both of whom were Top 10 in the world at the time according to the estimated rankings of the website Chessmetrics.com, drew Capablanca and drew a famous game against Emanuel Lasker.

This game was truly extraordinary, as the former World Champion lost a pronounced advantage and was only able to hold the draw against Edward by demonstrating that the inferior side can hold the draw in certain types of endings of rook and knight pawn versus a lone knight. The game lasted 103 moves and changed endgame theory, as no one had demonstrated this particular draw before in theory or practice. Lasker was the only chess amateur in the very strong field of professionals.

His most famous game is probably the queen sacrifice and king hunt against Sir George Thomas. After Lasker checkmated him, Thomas said, "This was very nice." Lasker, who had yet to learn English, was touched by Thomas's sportsmanship after a spectator translated Thomas's remark into German for him. Lasker wrote that had he won the game against a leading Berlin amateur, his opponent would likely have told him, "You are just lucky! Had I played [10...Bxe5] instead of [...Qe7], you would have been lost."

Although Lasker never won against Capablanca, he drew as Black against him at the 1924 New York tournament. Lasker was not usually so fortunate; for example, Capablanca once arrived one minute before he would have forfeited the game for late arrival, at New York 1915, and Lasker played the Riga variation of the Ruy Lopez with which he had some experience, but Capablanca found an advantageous continuation and won.

Go
Lasker was deeply impressed by Go. He first read about it in a magazine article by Oskar Korschelt which suggested Go as a rival to chess, a claim that he found amusing. Later on his interest was piqued again when he noticed the record of a Go game on the back of a Japanese newspaper being read by a customer of a cafe where they played chess.

He and his friend Dr. Max Lange (1883–1923) – not to be confused with the more famous 19th-century chess master Max Lange – took the paper after he had left, and deciphered the diagram, but the game was not complete. The position led them to assume that the notation under the game would indicate a Black victory, but being unable to read Japanese, they had to ask another Japanese customer at the cafe. To their surprise, it was a resignation by Black. Only after three weeks of study was Max Lange able to understand the reason for White's victory. This experience led them to a deeper appreciation for the game, and they studied it in earnest, but were unable to interest other chess players.

After two years, Emanuel Lasker, then the world chess champion, returned to Germany from the United States. When Edward told him that he had found a game to rival chess, he was skeptical, but after being told the rules, and playing one game, he understood that Go was strategically deep. They started studying Go with Yasugoro Kitabatake, a Japanese student, and after two years were able to beat him with no handicap.

Kitabatake arranged a game for Edward, Emanuel, and Emanuel's brother Berthold, against a visiting Japanese mathematician, and strong Go player. The Laskers took a nine-stone handicap, and played in consultation with each other, considering their moves deeply, but their opponent beat them effortlessly and without taking much time to think. After the game, Emanuel suggested to Edward that they travel to Tokyo to study Go. In 1911, Edward got a job at AEG. After a year at the company, he tried to get transferred to the Tokyo office, but as the company only posted fluent English speakers in Tokyo, he went to work in England first.

Edward was detained there during the early part of World War I and never made it to Tokyo. He was, however, given permission to travel to the United States by Sir William Haldane-Porter, who was head of what would become the UK Immigration Service. Haldane-Porter remembered that Lasker had won the London chess championship in May 1914 and he had personally witnessed Edward's famous game against George Alan Thomas that same year. Edward Lasker was instrumental in developing Go in the U.S., and together with Karl Davis Robinson and Lee Hartman founded the American Go Association.

In 1971, Nihon Ki-in awarded him the Okura Prize for international promotion of Go.

Personal life
Lasker lived on the Upper West Side (153 East 37th Street) of New York City until his death in 1981. He was friends with former World Champion Emanuel Lasker. Edward wrote in his memoirs of the New York 1924 tournament as published in the March 1974 edition of Chess Life magazine: "I did not discover that we were actually related until he (Emanuel Lasker) told me shortly before his death that someone had shown him a Lasker family tree on one of whose branches I was dangling."

In a February 8, 1973, letter to Robert B. Long, Lasker explained their exact relationship: The genealogy, incidentally, indicates that the common forbear of Emanuel and myself was the son Samuel Lasker of the Rabbi of the Polish village Łask, whose name was originally Meier Hindels.

However, later the additional name Lasker was given to him to distinguish him from another Meier Hindels also living in Lask. Samuel Lasker moved to another Polish village, Kępno, in 1769, after it had been captured by Frederick the Great and became a German township, and I am the last descendant of his who was born there. He was the great-grandfather of my great-grandfather. His first-born son left Kepmen [sic-Kempen] and moved to Jarotschin, another Polish village, and Emanuel Lasker was that one's greatgrandson. If true, this made Edward and Emanuel third cousins twice removed.

Lasker was the uncle of the cellist and Holocaust survivor Anita Lasker-Wallfisch; her father Alfons was Edward Lasker's brother.

Notable games
This is Lasker's most famous game, and one of the most famous games of all time.

'''1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Bxf6 Bxf6 6. e4 fxe4 7. Nxe4 b6 8. Ne5 0-0 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. Qh5 Qe7??''' (first diagram) 10...Bxe5 11.Qxe5 Nc6 or 11.dxe5 Rf5 wins a pawn. '''11. Qxh7+ Kxh7 12. Nxf6+ Kh6''' If 12...Kh8 13.Ng6. '''13. Neg4+ Kg5 14. h4+''' 14.f4+ also forces mate, more rapidly if 14...Kxf4 15.g3+ Kg5 16.h4# or 15...Kf3 16.0-0#. '''14... Kf4 15. g3+ Kf3 16. Be2+''' 16.0-0 or 16.Kf1, with the threat 17.Nh2# as a quicker mate. '''16... Kg2 17. Rh2+ Kg1 18. Kd2# ''' An alternative mating move was 18.0-0-0#, and 17.0-0-0 would also mate in one with 18.Rdg1#, regardless of Black's response.
 * Lasker vs. Sir George Thomas, London 1912 ( clock game):

title: Edward Lasker


text:
User talk:Chipbruce

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

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If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

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Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Managing a conflict of interest
Hello, Chipbruce. We welcome your contributions, but if you have an external relationship with the people, places, or things you have written about in the article Bertram Bruce, you may have a conflict of interest (COI). Editors with a COI may be unduly influenced by their connection to the topic, and it is important when editing Wikipedia articles that such connections be completely transparent. See the conflict of interest guideline and FAQ for organizations for more information. In particular, we ask that you please:

 * avoid editing or creating articles related to you and your family, friends, school, company, club, or organization, as well as any competing companies' projects or products;
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In addition, you must disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution which forms all or part of work for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation (see WP:PAID).

Please take a few moments to read and review Wikipedia's policies regarding conflicts of interest, especially those pertaining to neutral point of view, sourcing and autobiographies. ''Also, I noticed some of the content on the Bertram Bruce article was copied from your school website. Editors must be very careful to avoid violating copyright law.'' Waggie (talk) 06:04, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chipbruce


text:
User:DryGrain

from #eluid on us.undernet.org:6667
 * [11:11] sarah that's drygrain
 * [11:11] he likes vegtables
 * [11:11] and lives in california

Introduction
I am an 20 year old male currently travelling throughout the United States. My interests include travel, linguistics, the fantasy genre, biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, reading, neo-shamanism, music, world history, the action mod for Quake II, classical music, heavy metal, classic rock, Adult Swim, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, South Park, mc chris, and IRC. I would like to say that upon discovering the Wikipedia I felt great joy. I had wanted to start a project like this because I thought one did not exist. I enjoy the attitude of anarchy, intelligence, and equality that spans these pages, and hope I can be a valuable contributor to the noosphere of knowledge already present here.

My Wikipediholic score is 115.

My Geek Code is GSS/O d-- s:+ a--- C+++ UL- L+ W++ N- w M+ PS+++ PE-- PGP++ !t 5? X- R++ tv- b+++ DI+ D++ e(+) !h r-- y+

My Contributions
These articles are not listed here because I 'claim' them as my own, but rather, they are compiled here as a list of articles which bear my writing style, and that I am proud of.

Articles I created

 * Emerald Triangle
 * Food Not Bombs
 * Caribbean (novel) (great book)
 * Norteño
 * Psychonaut (my pride and joy)
 * South Beach Beverage Company
 * MacLizard's Special Recipe Lemonade
 * Long John Lizard's Grape Grog
 * SoBe Green Tea 3G
 * SoBe Black & Blue Berry Brew
 * SoBe No Fear
 * Once-ler
 * Responsible Drug User's Oath
 * Chris Ward
 * Responsible drug use
 * Bicycle Day
 * Imidazopyridine
 * Trip sitter
 * Chlorpheniramine maleate

Articles I have made heavy edits to
I have contributed heavily to the following:
 * Research chemical
 * Methamphetamine
 * Aqua Teen Hunger Force
 * Captain Planet and the Planeteers
 * Vampire lifestyle
 * Sedative
 * Zolpidem
 * Dimenhydrinate
 * Ukiah, California
 * Hushmail
 * Adult Swim
 * Textured vegetable protein
 * Seitan
 * LaVeyan Satanism
 * Assamite

Talk pages I have debated on

 * Talk:Hamburger (NPOV dispute)
 * Talk:South Beach Beverage Company (edit dispute)
 * Talk:Vampire lifestyle (NPOV dispute)

hey ... email me drygrain honey

To Do List
Feel free to edit these pages, you'll be doing me a favor. ;-)
 * Expand Mendocino County, California
 * Expand Food Not Bombs
 * Expand Emerald Triangle
 * Expand research chemical
 * Create Juvenile Hall
 * Create neoshaman
 * Create Mother of Moth
 * Create Patrick Archie

Participation
I am a member of the following WikiProjects:
 * Alternative Medicine
 * Clinical Medicine
 * Drugs

Credentials
High school diploma, West Hills High School, Ukiah, California, March 19, 2004

My resume.

News
May 3, 2007 - I have returned home from my travels to find gainful employment in order to purchase a pickup truck.

September 9, 2006 - My son, Lukas Quentin, was born.

March 30, 2005 - I left again, heading east for the Rainbow Gathering.

February 22, 2005 - I returned from my travels to my mother's home.

October 17, 2004 - I was evicted from my residence within my mother's home and went travelling to Berkeley, CA, Seattle, WA, and Portland, OR.

September 2, 2004 - My employment at West Coast CNC was terminated.

September 1, 2004 - I was hired by West Coast CNC as metal shop assistant.

August 27, 2004 - I have avoided death for a grand total of 18 years, marking my status as a legal adult in the United States.

July 13, 2004 - My employment at Ukiah Natural Foods was terminated.

July 2, 2004 - I was hired by Ukiah Natural Foods, a natural foods co-op, as a courtesy clerk.

June 28, 2004 - My employment at California Conservation Corps was terminated.

June 17, 2004 - My juvenile probation was successfully terminated after five years.

June 16, 2004 - I was hired by the California Conservation Corps as a corpsmember.

May 10, 2004 - I converted from ovo-lacto vegetarianism to veganism.

April 20, 2004 - I recieved my California driver's permit.

March 19, 2004 - I graduated high school from West Hills in Ukiah, California.

title: User:DryGrain


text:
List of people with dyslexia

The following is a list of notable people who have dyslexia.

A

 * Eric Adams (born 1960), American politician and New York City mayor.
 * Maggie Aderin-Pocock (born 1968), British space scientist and science educator.
 * Muhammad Ali (1942–2016; age 74), American professional boxer and heavyweight champion of the world.
 * Sam Allardyce (born 1954), English footballer and football manager
 * Marc Almond (born 1957), English singer (Soft Cell).
 * Jennifer Aniston (born 1969), American actress (Friends, Marley & Me, We're the Millers, The Morning Show).
 * Louise Arnold (born 1972), English children's book author.
 * Michael Attree (born 1965), English satirical writer and comedian.

B

 * Mel B (born 1975), English singer (Spice Girls)
 * Abhishek Bachchan (born 1976), Indian Bollywood actor.
 * Robert Ballard (born 1942), deep sea explorer
 * Ann Bancroft (born 1955), American arctic explorer.
 * Tanya Bardsley (born 1981), English model and reality television personality.
 * Geoff Barrow (born 1971), English musician.
 * Princess Beatrice (born 1988), member of the British Royal Family and ninth in line of succession to the British throne.
 * Rob Beckett (born 1986), English comedian, television presenter and actor.
 * BENEE (born 2000), New Zealand singer-songwriter.
 * Michael Bennet (born 1964), American politician and United States Senator from Colorado.
 * Robert Benton (born 1932), American screenwriter and film director.
 * Sebastian Bergne (born 1966), British industrial designer.
 * Jay Blades (born 1970), British furniture restorer and television presenter.
 * Melanie Blake (born 1976), English talent agent and author.
 * Orlando Bloom (born 1977), English actor (The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, Pirates of the Caribbean).
 * David Boies (born 1941), American lawyer and chairman.
 * Roberto Bolaño (1953–2003; aged 50), Chilean novelist and poet.
 * Jeremy Bonderman (born 1982), American baseball player.
 * Chaz Bono (born 1969), American advocate, writer, musician and actor.
 * Danny Boome (born 1976), chef, athlete and health enthusiast.
 * Charley Boorman (born 1966), British TV presenter, writer and actor.
 * Douglas Booth (born 1992), English actor, musician and model.
 * Jamie Campbell Bower (born 1988), English actor, singer and model (Stranger Things, The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, Twilight).
 * Lara Flynn Boyle (born 1970), American actress (Twin Peaks, Wayne's World, Red Rock West, Men in Black II).
 * Sir Richard Branson (born 1950), English entrepreneur, billionaire and business magnate (Virgin Group).
 * Chrisann Brennan (born 1954), American artist and author (The Bite in the Apple).
 * Marcus Brigstocke (born 1973), English comedian, actor and satirist.
 * Nancy Brinker (born 1946), American ambassador and founder of The Promise Fund and Susan G. Komen for the Cure.
 * Erin Brockovich (born 1960), American legal clerk, consumer advocate and socio-environmental activist.
 * Max Brooks (born 1972), American actor and author.
 * Bad News Brown (1977–2011; aged 33), Canadian musician and hip hop MC.
 * Jennifer Brozek (born 1970), American writer.
 * Neil Bush (born 1955), American businessman and son of the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush.
 * Dame Darcey Bussell (born 1969), an English retired ballerina.
 * Octavia E. Butler (1947–2006; aged 58), American science fiction author.
 * Celine Byrne (born 1980), Irish soprano.

C

 * Stephen J. Cannell (1941–2010; aged 69), American television producer, writer and novelist (The A-Team, 21 Jump Street).
 * Carl XVI Gustaf (born 1946), King of Sweden since 1973.
 * Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland (born 1979), Prince of Sweden.
 * Tucker Carlson (born 1969), American conservative political commentator.
 * Dan Carter, Canadian politician.
 * Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian-American actor and comedian (The Mask, Ace Ventura, Dumb and Dumber, Liar Liar, Bruce Almighty).
 * Dave Chalk (born 1959), Canadian broadcaster and technology journalist.
 * John T. Chambers (born 1949), American businessman and CEO of Cisco
 * Georgina Chapman (born 1976), English fashion designer and actress.
 * Blake Charlton (born 1979), American science fiction author and cardiologist.
 * Cher (born 1946), American singer and actress ("Goddess of Pop").
 * Amy Childs (born 1990), English model and television personality (The Only Way Is Essex).
 * Sir Timothy Clifford (born 1946), British art historian.
 * Gary Cohn (born 1960), American business leader.
 * Jason Conley (born 1981), American basketball player.
 * Pete Conrad (1930–1999; aged 69), American Apollo 12 astronaut and third man to walk on the Moon.
 * Anderson Cooper (born 1967), American broadcast journalist and political commentator.
 * Barbara Corcoran (born 1949), American businesswoman, investor, syndicated columnist, and television personality.
 * Chris Cosentino (born 1972), American celebrity chef and television personality (Top Chef Masters, The Next Iron Chef).
 * Toby Cosgrove (born 1940), American Vietnam War veteran and former heart surgeon.
 * Tom Cruise (born 1962), American actor (Top Gun, Mission Impossible, War of the Worlds, Knight and Day).

D

 * Roald Dahl (1916 – 1990, aged 74), British author of children's literature (James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, Fantastic Mr Fox).
 * Clark Janell Davis (born 1997), American model and Miss Kentucky 2015.
 * John de Lancie (born 1948), American actor and comedian (Star Trek, Days of Our Lives, Stargate SG-1).
 * Michelle de Swarte (born 1980), English actress, comedian, presenter, and former model (The Duchess).
 * Samuel R. Delany (born 1942), African-American science fiction author and literary critic.
 * Patrick Dempsey (born 1966), American actor (Grey's Anatomy, Outbreak, Enchanted).
 * Paul Dewar (1963–2019; aged 56), Canadian educator and politician.
 * Walt Disney (1901–1966; aged 65), American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. His dyslexia is disputed.
 * Callum Dixon (born 2000), British rower.
 * Andrew Dornenburg (born 1958), American chef and author of a number of culinary-themed books.
 * Nadine Dorries (born 1957), British politician who served as Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (2021–2022).
 * Jacques Dubochet (born 1942), Swiss biophysicist.
 * Michael Dudikoff (born 1954), American actor (Bounty Hunters, American Ninja 2: The Confrontation).

E

 * Arjan Ederveen (born 1956), Dutch actor and comedian.
 * Albert Einstein (1879–1955; aged 76), German-born theoretical physicist. His dyslexia is disputed.
 * Fae Ellington (born 1953), Jamaican media personality and lecturer.
 * Ari Emanuel (born 1961), American businessman and CEO of Endeavor.
 * Aslı Enver (born 1984), Turkish actress.

F

 * Paloma Faith (born 1981), English singer-songwriter and actress ("Upside Down", "Only Love Can Hurt Like This", "Picking Up the Pieces", "Changing", "Lullaby", St Trinian's).
 * Alexander Faludy (born 1983), English Reverend and the youngest Cambridge undergraduate for 200 years.
 * Steve Fielding (born 1960), Australian politician.
 * Fannie Flagg (born 1944), American actress, comedian and author.
 * Ben Fogle (born 1973), English television presenter, writer and adventurer.
 * Dave Foley (born 1963), Canadian comedian and actor.
 * Richard Ford (born 1944), American author (Independence Day, The Lay of the Land).

G

 * Noel Gallagher (born 1967), English musician and singer-songwriter (Oasis, Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds).
 * Karina Galvez (born 1964), Ecuadorian-American poet and television and radio personality.
 * Sally Gardner (born 1954), English children's book author and illustrator.
 * Gayle (born 2004), American singer ("ABCDEFU").
 * Mo Gilligan (born 1988), British stand-up comedian
 * Glowie (born 1997), Icelandic singer.
 * Whoopi Goldberg (born 1955), American actress, comedian and television personality (Ghost, Sister Act, The Lion King, Toy Story 3, The View).
 * Alison Goldfrapp (born 1966), English musician and record producer (Goldfrapp).
 * John B. Goodenough (1922–2023; aged 100), American materials scientist, a solid-state physicist, and a Nobel laureate in chemistry.
 * Terry Goodkind (1948–2020; aged 72), American writer (The Sword of Truth, The Law of Nines).
 * Frank Gore (born 1983), American football player.
 * Ashley Graham (born 1987), American model and television presenter.
 * Mike Gravel (1930–2021; aged 91), American politician and former United States Senator from Alaska (1969–1981).
 * Allan Gray (1938–2019; aged 81), South African investor, billionaire businessman and philanthropist.
 * Olive Gray (born 1994), English actor (Half Moon Investigations, Save Me).
 * Brian Grazer (born 1951), American film and television producer and writer.

H

 * Jerry Hall (born 1956), American model and actress.
 * Sir Lewis Hamilton (born 1985), British racing driver (Formula One).
 * Susan Hampshire (born 1937), British actress; see "Susan's Story" book
 * Matt Hancock (born 1978), British politician who served as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care (2018–2021).
 * Charles "Chuck" Harrison (1931–2018), American industrial designer
 * Maya Hawke (born 1998), American actor, model and singer-songwriter.
 * Salma Hayek (born 1966), Mexican actress (Teresa, From Dusk till Dawn, Wild Wild West, House of Gucci).
 * Mark Henry (born 1971), American professional wrestler and powerlifter.
 * Bill Hewlett (1913–2001; aged 87), American engineer and the co-founder of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP).
 * John Hickenlooper (born 1952), American politician and former junior U.S. Senator of Colorado.
 * Tommy Hilfiger (born 1951), American fashion designer and founder of Tommy Hilfiger Corporation.
 * John Hoke III (born ?), Chief Design Officer, Nike, Inc.
 * Tom Holland (born 1996), English actor (Spider-Man, The Impossible, Captain America: Civil War).
 * Sir Anthony Hopkins (born 1937), Welsh actor and director (The Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Red Dragon, The Elephant Man).
 * Jack Horner (born 1946), American palaeontologist.

I

 * Boman Irani (born 1959), Bollywood actor
 * John Irving (born 1942), American novelist, short story writer and screenwriter.
 * Jony Ive (born 1967), English industrial and product designer and former CDO for Apple.
 * Eddie Izzard (born 1962), British stand-up comedian, actor and activist.

J

 * Caitlyn Jenner (born 1949), American media personality, retired Olympic gold medal-winning athlete and transgender activist.
 * Daymond John (born 1969), American businessman, investor and television personality (Shark Tank).
 * Colin Jones (1936–2021; aged 85), English photographer and ballet dancer.

K

 * Rebecca Kamen (born 1950), American artist and sculptor.
 * Ingvar Kamprad (1926–2018; aged 91), Swedish industrialist, billionaire business magnate and founder of IKEA.
 * Paul Kanjorski (born 1937), American politician and former Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
 * Mollie King (born 1987), English singer and radio presenter (The Saturdays, BBC Radio 1).
 * Laura Kirkpatrick (born 1989), American model and fashion designer.
 * Tawny Kitaen (1961–2021; aged 59), American actress, model and media personality.
 * Keira Knightley (born 1985), English actress (Pirates of the Caribbean, Bend It Like Beckham, Love Actually, Pride & Prejudice).
 * Willem Johan Kolff (1911–2009; aged 97), Dutch physician.
 * David Koresh (1959–1993; aged 33), American cult leader of the Branch Davidians.

L

 * LadBaby (born 1987), English YouTuber, blogger and philanthropist. His wife, Roxanne Zee Hoyle (born 1987), also has dyslexia.
 * Penny Lancaster (born 1971), English model.
 * Eugene Landy (1934–2006; aged 71), American psychologist.
 * J. F. Lawton (born 1960), American writer, producer and director (Pretty Woman, Under Siege, Chain Reaction).
 * Lee Kuan Yew (1923–2015; aged 91), 1st Prime Minister of Singapore.
 * Peter Leitch (born 1944), New Zealand businessman and philanthropist.
 * Angie Le Mar (born 1965), British comedian, actress and writer.
 * Jay Leno (born 1950), American television presenter and comedian (The Tonight Show with Jay Leno).
 * Tom Lewis (born 1991), English professional golfer.
 * Lil Pump (born 2000), American rapper ("Gucci Gang", "I Love It").
 * Kenny Logan (born 1972), Scottish rugby union player.
 * Harry Lorayne (1926–2023; aged 96) American magician, memory-training specialist, and author.
 * Greg Louganis (born 1960), American Olympic diver, author and LGBT rights activist.
 * Prince Louis of Luxembourg (born 1986), Prince of Luxembourg.

M

 * Dannel Malloy (born 1955), American politician and former Governor of Connecticut (2011–2019).
 * Jo Malone (born 1963), British perfumer and entrepreneur
 * Steve Mariotti (born 1953), American social entrepreneur, educator and founder of Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship.
 * Mireille Mathieu (born 1946), French singer.
 * Lee Marvin (1924–1987; aged 63), American Academy Award-winning actor (M Squad, The Killers, The Dirty Dozen).
 * Joel McHale (born 1971), American actor, comedian, and television presenter.
 * Charlotte McKinney (born 1993), American model and actress (Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser, Baywatch).
 * Steve McQueen (1930–1980; aged 50), American actor (The Getaway, The Great Escape, The Towering Inferno).
 * Steve McQueen (born 1969), British film director (12 Years a Slave).
 * Kendrick Meek (born 1966), American politician and former Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida.
 * Douglas Merrill (born 1970), American technologist and fintech entrepreneur.
 * M.I.A. (born 1975), British rapper and singer ("Paper Planes", "Bad Girls").
 * James Middleton (born 1987), English entrepreneur and brother of Catherine, Princess of Wales.
 * Mika (born 1983), Lebanese-born English singer-songwriter ("Grace Kelly", "Big Girl (You Are Beautiful)", "Lollipop").
 * Alyssa Milano (born 1972), American actress (Who's the Boss?, Charmed, My Name Is Earl, Insatiable).
 * Jerry Moffatt (born 1963), British rock climber.
 * Lorin Morgan-Richards (born 1975), American author and illustrator (The Goodbye Family).
 * A. R. Morlan (1958–2016; aged 58), American writer.
 * Dorrit Moussaieff (born 1950), Israeli jewellery designer and First Lady of Iceland (2003–2016).
 * Shlomo Moussaieff (1925–2015; aged 90), Israeli jewellery businessman and Bible expert.
 * Don Mullan (born 1956), Irish author, producer and humanitarian.
 * Róisín Murphy (born 1973), Irish singer-songwriter and record producer.
 * Jaime Murray (born 1976), English actress (Hustle, Dexter, Once Upon a Time).

N

 * Steven Naismith (born 1986), Scottish professional footballer.
 * David Neeleman (born 1959), Brazilian-American businessman and entrepreneur.
 * Gavin Newsom (born 1967), American politician and Governor of California.
 * Jace Norman (born 2000), American actor (Henry Danger).
 * Mike Norris (born 1961), English businessman and CEO of Computacenter.

O

 * Paul Oakenfold (born 1963), English record producer, remixer and trance DJ.
 * Brendan O'Carroll (born 1955), Irish actor and comedian (Mrs. Brown's Boys, All Round to Mrs. Brown's, Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie).
 * Danny O'Carroll (born 1983), Irish actor (Mrs. Brown's Boys, All Round to Mrs. Brown's, Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie).
 * Olav V of Norway (1903–1991; aged 87), King of Norway (1957–1991).
 * Jamie Oliver (born 1975), British chef and television presenter.
 * Naoisé O'Reilly, Irish psychologist.
 * Paul Orfalea (born 1947), American entrepreneur and founder of FedEx Kinko's.
 * Ozzy Osbourne (born 1948), English musician and television personality (Black Sabbath, The Osbournes).
 * Will Ospreay (born 1993), English professional wrestler.

P

 * Alice Pagani (born 1998), Italian actress, model and author (Baby, Loro).
 * Diamond Dallas Page (born 1956), American professional wrestler, actor and author.
 * Theo Paphitis (born 1959), Cypriot-born British businessman and retail magnate (Dragons' Den).
 * Nicholas Parsons (1923–2020; aged 96), English actor and presenter.
 * Jean Paton (born 1929), British bryologist and botanical illustrator.
 * River Phoenix (1970-1993; aged 23), American actor and musician (Stand by Me, I Love You to Death, My Own Private Idaho).
 * Dav Pilkey (born 1966), American author and illustrator (Captain Underpants, Dog Man).
 * Jerry Pinkney (1939–2021; aged 81), American illustrator and writer.
 * Daniel Powter (born 1971), Canadian singer-songwriter ("Bad Day").
 * Hal Prewitt (born 1954), American artist, photographer, entrepreneur and race car driver.

Q

 * Scott Quinnell (born 1972), Welsh rugby union player.

R

 * Bodo Ramelow (born 1956), German politician and Minister-President of Thuringia.
 * Sara Rankin, British scientist.
 * Robert Rauschenberg (1925–2008; aged 82), American artist.
 * Keanu Reeves (born 1964), Canadian actor.
 * Nicolas Winding Refn (born 1970), Danish film director.
 * Iwan Rheon (born 1985), Welsh actor and musician (Game of Thrones, Misfits, Vicious).
 * Guy Ritchie (born 1968), English film director.
 * Chris Robshaw (born 1986), English rugby union player.
 * David Rockefeller (1915–2017; aged 101), American business executive and philanthropist.
 * Nelson Rockefeller (1908-1979; aged 70), American politician and Governor of New York (1959-1973)
 * Richard Rogers (1933–2021; aged 88), British architect.
 * Justin Roiland (born 1980), American animator and voice actor (Rick and Morty, Solar Opposites).
 * Kelle Roos (born 1992), Dutch professional footballer.
 * Louis B. Rosenberg (born 1969), American engineer and businessperson.
 * Hans Rosling (1948–2017; aged 68), Swedish international health professor and statistician.
 * Mark Ruffalo (born 1967), American actor and producer (Shutter Island, The Avengers, The Normal Heart).
 * Stephanie Ruhle (born 1975) American news host and business analyst.
 * Rex Ryan (born 1962), American football coach and analyst (Buffalo Bills).

S

 * Ronja Savolainen (born 1997), Finnish ice hockey player.
 * Mark Schlereth (born 1966), American football player.
 * Philip Schultz (born 1945), American poet and founder and director of the Writers Studio.
 * Charles R. Schwab (born 1937), American investor and chairman of Charles Schwab Corporation.
 * Arnold Schwarzenegger (born 1947), Austrian and American actor, businessman, filmmaker, former politician, and former professional bodybuilder.
 * Tim Scott (born 1971), English guitarist.
 * Jo Self (born 1956), English contemporary artist and poet.
 * Dax Shepard (born 1975), American actor, comedian, and filmmaker.
 * Peter Shumlin (born 1956), American politician and former Governor of Vermont.
 * Carly Simon (born 1943), American singer-songwriter, memoirist, and children's author.
 * Eileen Simpson (1918–2002), American writer and psychotherapist.
 * Bryan Singer (born 1965), American film director (Lion's Den, X-Men, Superman Returns, Jack the Giant Slayer).
 * Callum Skinner (born 1992), Scottish racing cyclist.
 * Neil Smith (born 1966), American football player.
 * Erna Solberg, (born 1961), Norwegian politician and 35th prime minister of Norway from 2013 to 2021.
 * Brent Sopel (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player.
 * Steven Spielberg (born 1946), American film director and screenwriter (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Jurassic Park, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse, War of the Worlds).
 * Octavia Spencer (born 1970), American actress.
 * Glenn Stearns (born 1963), American entrepreneur and founder of Stearns Lending.
 * Georgia Steel (born 1998), English television personality (Love Island Series 4).
 * Gwen Stefani (born 1969), American singer-songwriter (No Doubt, "Hollaback Girl", "The Sweet Escape", "What You Waiting For?").
 * Sir Jackie Stewart (born 1939), Scottish racing driver (Formula One).
 * Sir David Stirling (1915–1990; aged 74), Scottish military officer and founder of the Special Air Service.
 * Joss Stone (born 1987), English singer ("You Had Me").
 * Musa Sukwene (born 1986), South Africa singer, who won the Idols South Africa in 2013.
 * Kristy Swanson (born 1969), American actress (Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Phantom).
 * Diane Swonk (born 1962), American economic advisor and chief economist at KPMG US.

T

 * Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986; aged 87), American cardiologist.
 * Tim Tebow (born 1987), American football player.
 * Bella Thorne (born 1997), American actress, singer and writer (Dirty Sexy Money, My Own Worst Enemy, The DUFF, Her & Him).
 * Kara Tointon (born 1983), English actress (EastEnders, Mr Selfridge).
 * Tina Turner (1939–2023; aged 83), American-born Swiss singer ("Proud Mary", "Nutbush City Limits", "River Deep – Mountain High", "The Best", "What's Love Got to Do with It").

V

 * Krystal Versace (born 2001), English drag queen and winner of RuPaul's Drag Race UK (Series 3).
 * Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden (born 1977), heir apparent to the Swedish throne.

W

 * Lindsay Wagner (born 1949), American actress (The Bionic Woman, The Six Million Dollar Man).
 * Butch Walker (born 1969), American singer and record producer.
 * Ben Watkins (born 1957), English musician and founder of Juno Reactor.
 * Ben Way (born 1980), English serial entrepreneur (The Secret Millionaire, The Startup Kids).
 * Bob Weir (born 1947), American guitarist (Grateful Dead).
 * Cliff Weitzman (born 1995?), Israeli-American entrepreneur and founder of Speechify Text To Speech software.
 * Willard Wigan (born 1957), English sculptor.
 * Florence Welch (born 1986), British-American singer (Florence and the Machine)
 * Mark Wilkinson (1950–2017; aged 66), English furniture designer.
 * Toyah Willcox (born 1958), English singer and actress ("It's a Mystery", "Thunder in the Mountains", "I Want to Be Free").
 * Robbie Williams (born 1974), English singer-songwriter (Take That, "Angels", "Candy", "She's the One").
 * Robin Williams (1951–2014; aged 63), American actor and comedian (Mrs. Doubtfire, Jumanji, Night at the Museum).
 * Holly Willoughby (born 1981), English television presenter (This Morning, Dancing on Ice, Celebrity Juice).
 * Justin Wilson (1978–2015; aged 37), British professional open-wheel racing driver (Formula One).
 * Henry Winkler (born 1945), American actor (Happy Days) and spokesman for The Dyslexia Foundation.
 * Joshua Wong (born 1996), Hong Kong activist and protester.
 * Bethan Laura Wood (born 1983), English jewellery, furniture and decorative object designer.
 * Dominic Wood (born 1978), English radio and television presenter, entertainer and magician (Dick and Dom, BBC Radio 1).

Y

 * Hamza Yassin (born 1990), British TV presenter and cameraman.
 * William Butler Yeats (1865–1939), Irish poet, dramatist, writer, and politician.
 * Michael Young (born 1966), British industrial designer and creative director.

Z

 * Benjamin Zephaniah (1958–2023), British writer and dub poet.

title: List of people with dyslexia


text:
User talk:Bella~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bella. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bella~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:33, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:58, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bella~enwiki


text:
User:Weatherdragon

currently working on Forgotten realms Drizzt and friend seriesWeatherdragon 17:13, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)~

title: User:Weatherdragon


text:
User talk:Reavan

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! Chris Roy 17:04, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Kanika.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Kanika.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 13:06, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Commercial use of Image:Kct-logo.jpg
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Image:Kct-logo.jpg, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Image:Kct-logo.jpg is an image licensed as "for non-commercial use only" or "used with permission for use on Wikipedia only" which was either uploaded on or after 2005-05-19 or is not used in any articles (CSD I3).

If you created this media file and want to use it on Wikipedia, you may re-upload it (or amend the image description if it has not yet been deleted) and use the license GFDL-self to license it under the GFDL, or cc-by-sa-2.5 to license it under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, or use PD-self to release it into the public domain.

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Duplicate images uploaded
Thanks for uploading Image:Kanihaa.JPG. A machine-controlled robot account noticed that you also uploaded the same image under the name Image:Kanihaa.jpg. The copy called Image:Kanihaa.jpg has been marked for speedy deletion since it is redundant. If this sounds okay to you, there is no need for you to take any action.

This is an automated message- you have not upset or annoyed anyone, and you do not need to respond. In the future, you may save yourself some confusion if you supply a meaningful file name and refer to 'my contributions' to remind yourself exactly which name you chose (file names are case sensitive, including the extension) so that you won't lose track of your uploads. For tips on good file naming, see Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions about this notice, or feel that the deletion is inappropriate, please contact User:Staecker, who operates the robot account. Staeckerbot 16:30, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Hello
Hi. I saw your recent edit to Anna University Coimbatore, and just dropped in to say you a big hello :) --Bhadani (talk) 14:13, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Chennaisuperstars.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Chennaisuperstars.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 14:36, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Chennaisuperstars.jpg)
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If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:41, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Snscelogo.jpg
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If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 17:45, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Kanihaa.JPG
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Reavan! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:20, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Shweta Mohan -

Wikipedia Help Survey
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Speedy deletion nomination of Rotary Club of Coimbatore Downtown

A tag has been placed on Rotary Club of Coimbatore Downtown requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a club, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

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Proposed deletion of Shali (actor)

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Nomination of Rotary Club of Coimbatore Downtown for deletion
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File:Kanika.JPG listed for deletion
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Speedy deletion nomination of List of Tamil Nadu cricketers who played SMAT
Hello Reavan,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged List of Tamil Nadu cricketers who played SMAT for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly indicate why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

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title: User talk:Reavan


text:
Marattiaceae

Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about 110 species. Many are different in appearance from other ferns, having large fronds and fleshy rootstocks.

Description
The Marattiaceae diverged from other ferns very early in their evolutionary history and are quite different from many plants familiar to people in temperate zones. Many of them have massive, fleshy rootstocks and the largest known fronds of any fern. The Marattiaceae is one of two groups of ferns traditionally known as eusporangiate ferns, meaning that the sporangium is formed from a group of cells as opposed to a leptosporangium in which there is a single initial cell.

The large fronds characteristic of the group are most readily found in the genus Angiopteris, native to Australasia, Madagascar and Oceania. These fronds may be up to 9 meters long in the species Angiopteris teysmanniana of Java. In Jamaica the species Angiopteris evecta is widely naturalized and is registered as an invasive species. The plant was introduced by Captain Bligh from Tahiti as a staple food for slaves and cultivated in the Castleton Botanical Garden in 1860. From there it was able to distribute itself throughout the eastern half of the island.

Genus Angiopteris also undergoes monoplastidic meiosis, an ancestral trait, rather than polyplastidic meiosis, and is the only known example within euphyllophytes to do so.

Marattia in the strict sense is found in the neotropics and Hawaii. The genus Eupodium is also neotropical, with three species. It has fronds that are 2-5 times pinnate, distinctive stalked synangia, and awns on distal blade segments. Blade division decreases towards the apex of the frond. Plants of Eupodium usually only have one frond per plant per year (sometimes two).

Ptisana is a paleotropical genus. These plants are 2-4 times pinnate, with fronds often comparable in size to those found in Angiopteris. Terminal segments usually have a prominent suture where they attach. The sporangia lack the labiate apertures of Marattia and Eupodium, and synangia are deeply cut. The name of the genus derives from the resemblance of the synangia to pearl barley. The king fern, Ptisana salicina, from New Zealand and the South Pacific and known in Māori as "para" now has been placed in this genus. Sometimes called the potato fern, this is a large fern with an edible fleshy rhizome that is used as a food source by some indigenous peoples.

The East-Asian genus Christensenia is named in honor of the Danish pteridologist Carl Christensen is an uncommon fern with distinctive fronds resembling a horse chestnut leaf, hence the species Christensenia aesculifolia, meaning horse-chestnut-leaved Christensenia. Despite the relatively diminutive size of plants in this genus, the stomata of Christensenia are the largest known in the plant kingdom.

The genus Danaea is endemic to the Neotropics. They have bipinnate leaves with opposite pinnae, which are dimorphic, the fertile leaves much contracted, and covered below with sunken, linear synangia dehiscing via pores.

Taxonomy
in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiaceae is the only family in the order Marattiales, which in turn is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. Marattiidae is one of four subclasses of class Polypodiopsida (ferns), to which it is related as shown in this cladogram, being a sister group to Polypodiidae.

History of classification
In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, the Marattiales formed the single member of the class Marattiopsida. Four genera were recognized. The class was lowered in rank to the subclass Marattiidae in the 2009 classification of Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal, and subsequent systems such as Christenhusz et al. (2011). The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016) classification retains this rank. In that system, Marattiidae is monotypic and has one order, Marattiales, one family, Marattiaceae, six genera, and an estimated 111 species.

There have long been four traditional extant genera (Angiopteris, Christensenia, Danaea and Marattia), but phylogenetic analysis has determined the genus Marattia to be paraphyletic, and the genus has been split into three genera, Marattia in the strict sense, Eupodium, and Ptisana. Christenhusz and Chase placed Danaea in subfamily Danaeoideae and the remaining genera in subfamily Marattioideae, but this subfamilial classification was not taken up by PPG I.

This fern group has a long fossil history with many extinct taxa (Psaronius, Asterotheca, Scolecopteris, Eoangiopteris, Qasimia, Marantoidea, Danaeites, Marattiopsis, Ptychocarpus, etc.).

Genera
Six genera are accepted in the PPG I classification: Several other genera have been named in the Marattiaceae, namely: Archangiopteris, Clementea, Macroglossum, Protangiopteris, Protomarattia and Psilodochea. These are currently treated as synonyms of Angiopteris.
 * Angiopteris Hoffm.
 * Christensenia Maxon
 * Danaea Sm.
 * Eupodium J.Sm.
 * Marattia Sw.
 * Ptisana Murdock

Evolutionary history
Marattiaceae are considered one of the most primitive living lineages of ferns. The earliest members of the family appeared during the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The group has an extensive fossil record extending from the Carboniferous into the Jurassic, but post-Jurassic records are scarce.

title: Marattiaceae


text:
Grayson County

Grayson County is the name of three counties in the United States:

 * Grayson County, Kentucky
 * Grayson County, Texas
 * Grayson County, Virginia

title: Grayson County


text:
Clement Davies

Edward Clement Davies (19 February 1884 – 23 March 1962) was a Welsh politician and leader of the Liberal Party from 1945 to 1956.

Early life and education
Edward Clement Davies was born on 19 February 1884 in Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire, Wales. He was educated at the local primary school and at Llanfyllin County School, to which he won a scholarship in 1897. He read law at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated with first-class honours.

Legal practice
Davies lectured in law at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1908–1909 and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He practiced as a barrister in North Wales and in northern England before moving to London in 1910, where he established a successful legal practice. During the First World War he worked for the Board of Trade. He took silk in 1926, becoming a KC.

Early political career
Davies was elected to the House of Commons in the 1929 General Election as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Montgomeryshire. From 1929 until 1931 he supported David Lloyd George's leadership of the party. In 1931, the Liberals divided into three groups and he became one of the Liberal National MPs supporting the National Government. He came under increasing pressure from his local Liberal executive and also his predecessor as MP Lord Davies who was President of Montgomeryshire Liberal Association, to move into opposition. In 1939 he resigned from both the Liberal Nationals and the National Government whip. In 1940, he was chairman of the All Party Action Group that played a significant role in forcing the resignation of the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain.

Leader of the Liberal Party
In 1942, he rejoined the Liberal Party, becoming a prominent figure in the Radical Action group, which called for the party to withdraw from the war-time electoral pact and adopt more radical policies. Indeed, at his adoption meeting in June 1945 he declared that "Members of the Labour Party and myself can walk side by side for a long way. There are many things on which we can agree." Despite the fact that he had been absent from the party for a decade, with lingering suspicions that his commitment to Liberalism was less than full, he became leader of the Liberal Party in 1945 after Archibald Sinclair surprisingly lost his seat in the electoral debacle of that year that reduced the Liberals to just 12 seats in the House of Commons.

Davies had not sought the position of leader and was not enthusiastic about it. However, with only 12 MPs, 6 of whom were only newly elected that year, the party's choice was somewhat limited. It was widely expected and generally hoped (probably even by Davies himself), that he would be only a 'caretaker' leader until the more dynamic and popular Sinclair could get back into the House of Commons. Since that never happened, Davies, was in fact to remain party leader for the next 11 years, taking the Liberals through three general elections.

Davies was President of the London Welsh Trust, which runs the London Welsh Centre, Gray's Inn Road, from 1946 until 1947. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1947.

His first general election as party leader, in 1950, reduced the party to 9 MPs with barely 9% of the vote. In those of 1951 and 1955, the Liberals fell back even further, holding only 6 seats, with 2.5% and 2.7% of the vote respectively (although these vote shares were largely attributed to the huge drop in the number of seats the party fought). He finally resigned as leader at the party conference in September 1956 and was succeeded by the much younger and more vigorous Jo Grimond, following what was effectively a coup by the membership against the executive; both Davies and Grimond appeared to be unaware of the coup until it was over.

Davies therefore led the Liberal Party, which, in the late 19th and early 20th century had been a major force in British politics and a frequent party of government, through its lowest period, when it was reduced to a minor party: the result of the electorate's polarisation between the Labour and the Conservatives. The cliché "A Liberal vote is a wasted vote" argument never held truer than in the 1950s. He was personally well-liked, both in the party and beyond it. The general view of him was that of a personally decent man who did his best in a position to which neither taste nor temperament fitted him.

Davies was an alcoholic for decades, which left him in a weakened state of health, particularly by the time he took on the burden of party leadership. For two of his three general election campaigns as leader, for example, he was hospitalised. Also, despite the general affection in which he was held, his leadership was widely regarded as lacklustre and ineffective, thus contributing to the party's malaise at a time when it was most in need of direction.

In recent years, however, his role has been revised and treated more sympathetically. Historians now point out that with the Cold War tensions of the late 1940s and early 1950s in particular, leading the Liberal Party then would have been a challenge for anybody, and just by keeping the party together and in existence at all, Davies made a significant contribution. It has also emerged that he was offered cabinet office (Education Minister) in 1951 by Prime Minister Winston Churchill in exchange for supporting the new Conservative government but refused on the grounds that it would have destroyed the Liberal Party.

Clement Davies died in 1962, at the age of 78. Though still an MP, he was by then largely detached from the affairs of the Liberal party and acted semi-independently. He was succeeded as Liberal MP for Montgomeryshire by Emlyn Hooson.

Personal life
Numerous personal tragedies darkened his life. He lost three of his four children within the space of a few years after the outbreak of the Second World War. His oldest son, David, died in 1939 as a result of natural causes related to epilepsy, and his daughter Mary (a servicewoman with the ATS) committed suicide in 1941 and another son, Geraint, was killed on active service in the Welsh Guards in 1942. Each of his children died at the age of 24, except for Davies' fourth child, Stanley, who survived until old age.

Books and journals

 * Violet Bonham Carter, ed. Mark Pottle, Daring to Hope: Diaries 1945–1969 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000)
 * Alun Wyburn-Powell, Clement Davies: Liberal Leader (Politico's, 2003) ISBN 1-902301-97-8
 * Alun Wyburn-Powell, Clement Davies: Liberal Leader (Politico's, 2003) ISBN 1-902301-97-8
 * Alun Wyburn-Powell, Clement Davies: Liberal Leader (Politico's, 2003) ISBN 1-902301-97-8

title: Clement Davies