text:
Talk:Guru Granth Sahib

Authorship of the Guru Granth Sahib

 * do you think it is necessary to add a section or at least write about the authors of the Guru Granth Sahib 17:36 05 September (UTC+1)
 * The first sentence is completely wrong, isn't it? What about Joseph Smith?  What about Muhammad?  There must be others also. Am I missing something, or does it need to be axed? Jwrosenzweig 00:58, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Gurmukhi
"The text used is a script called Gurmukhi, which is considered a modern development of the ancient language called Sanskrit."
 * I'm not sure what this line means. How can a script be a modern development of an ancient language?  I'm sure it could be a modern development of Devanagari (which it is not, incidentally) but surely not a language.  All sources indicate that Gurmukhi was actually derived from Landa and standardised by Guru Angad Dev.  Sure, it was adapted and used to write Sanskrit and other languages in the SGGS, but it was itself not a 'development' from either of these.

Anyone disagree? 82.37.161.188 14:58, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Adi Granth
What is called the Guru Granth Sahib by some Sikhs is also called the Adi Granth by other Sikhs and by many scholars. It would be helpful to the article if someone knowledeable could clarify the subject. 12.74.168.70 14:33, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I hope this clarifies things:

 * "The Adi Granth is often — incorrectly — used to refer to the Guru Granth Sahib. The Adi Granth only forms the portion of the Guru Granth Sahib which Guru Arjan compiled in 1604."

 * Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 22:43, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that the picture of the Adi Granth (as beautiful as it is) should be replaced by a picture of the Guru Granth Sahib, as that is what the article is about. It only adds confusion to the issue. Mandy Kaur 17:46, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree. Do you have suitable picture available to you? One that you hold rights to?  If not, I'll see if I can source one from a free source. Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 18:28, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

change it
dont refer to the limbs of the guru as pages. The guru is considered to be living and as such has limbs not pages. All sikhs refer to the guru as having 'angs' (limbs) so this FACT should be included in the article

 * The Guru Granth Sahib is viewed as a book, because that's what it is. Its significance as an eternal guru is mentioned quite regularly throughout Wikipedia.  However, this personification is not something that should be prescribed to in a neutral enyclopedia and as such, the pages are referred to as pages. Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 23:09, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

How can you call the Guru Granth Sahib ji a book?? When in the Sikh religion it tells us to refer to the Granth as Guru? its like saying Muhammed is not a prophet, he is just a human being, how disrepectful, no? - instead of pages, scriptures would be more appropiate word to use, and book? seriously no. - 'Holy scriptures' maybe if nessacary?

Guru Granth Sahib Ji

 * Should the title be more respectful? Is Guru Granth Sahib Ji more appropriate? BookwormUK 11:17, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * No, we don't add honorifics such as 'Ji' as Wikipedia aims to be a neutral encyclopedia. Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 15:16, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * This edit has raised this issue again. Anthony Appleyard 07:29, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

NEUTRAL? what a ridiculous arguement. The fact is the full name is Guru Granth Sahib Ji not Guru Granth Sahib. Its written in Sikh prayers 'Guru Granth ji Maneyoo' - please change it ASAP —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.236.188.208 (talk) 15:48, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup of History and Writing Section
It starts with this sentence:
 * From about 1479, when Guru Nanak was abon the evenings.

What does "abon the evenings" mean? It looks like this sentence was inadvertently cut off. But since I have no idea what is trying to be said here, I can't really help correct it. Msalt 21:52, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I have found and restored the original, by ferreting back through the history. The damage happened in this edit: Anthony Appleyard 19:32, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Languages
It would be great if someone could explain a little more about which language the scripture is written in. From what I understand a good deal of it is in Braj Bhasa. Ahassan05 17:48, 6 February 2007 (UTC)ahassan05

I thought it was written in Punjabi and Hindi! Or perhaps Urdu: I am not sure if Hindi was defined as a language of it's own in that time. Apparantly, many more language were used. Do anyone have a list of all language used to write Guru Granth Sahib? If possible I also want to know to what extent they where used.

2007-03-27 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

 * The granth contains many languages, some of which were Hindi, old Punjabi, old Lahnda (Western Punjabi) and others. However, please remember that even today, Punjabi and Hindi are quite similar and as the entire Granth is written in Gurmukhi script, it could be read by someone who didn't read Devanagari.

What I really want to know is which languages where used to write Guru Granth Sahib.

2012-08-01 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

Could someone with the knowledge create a section that outlines how often the different language were used? And whether certain languages were used for certain purposes, or in certain regions or eras. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ahassan05 (talk • contribs) 04:03, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

Hindus trying to make SGGS look like a Hindu book
Look at this paragraph for example "A near-exact count is given in K.P. Agrawala: Adi Shrî Gurû Granth Sâhib kî Mahimâ (Hindi: “The greatness of the original sacred Guru scripture”), p.2, and in Ram Swarup: “Hindu roots of Sikhism”, Indian Express,

The name of the Hindu god Shri Ram, is recited 2,400 times, (the gods name whose constant repetition leads to salvation). Hari (Vishnu) over 8,300 times, 630 times by Guru Nanak alone, Parabrahman, 550 times, Omkara, (the primeval sound of OM) 400 times. Please note the names of countless other Hindu gods are also mentioned and are one and the same.

In contrast the name Mohammed is never mentioned and the name allah is used but a couple of times, merely as an example. It is interesting to note that the Granth itself contains banis from seven of the sikh gurus, two muslim Sufis, but eighteen Hindu saints and pandits.

The religious source of Sikhism is Hinduism, Sikhism is a tradition developed within Hinduism. Guru Granth Sahib reflect Vedantic philosophy, the Vedanta of Rishi Vedvyas who wrote the Mahabharat. The Japji Sahib is based on Upanishads."

Ram, hari, parabraham, and omkara are just ways to refer to the infinate one. Guru Nanak Ji maharaj has no interest in your hindu gods and such. in fact Guru Nanak Dev Ji says, aape patti kalame aap upar lek bhi toon. Ekko keheai nanaka dooja kahe koo. dooj kahe simre jamme te marr jai. ekko simro nanaka jo jal thal reha samai.

Guru Nanak says why would worship others such as Devi devte when they too die and are in the cycle of kaal. He says worship the one who is always in teh ground and water and everywhere else the infinate waheguru.

The religous source of Sikhism is not Hinduism, the source is Waheguru not hindu vedas and what not. Guru nanak in countless places puts emhpasis on how sikhs should not follow the vedas and puranas as they do not comphrehed the infinate. And the Japji sahib the most sacred bani in SIkhism you have just put down saying it is based on Upanishads. BS!! It is an original piece of work that comes staright from Guru Nanak Dev Ji.

I say only sikhs should be allowed to edit sikhsim realted topics. Only few stupid Hindu missionaries are trying to make the divine Sikhi look like a little panth of Hinduism. We are anything but!! We are SIkhs a diiferent quam or religion. I am going to erase those paragraphs soon. Sikhs are not Hindus in any way or form. Follow your own belief and Gods, As we don't interfare in yours so we expect the same from you. To understand the god in SIkhism one must read teh holy Jaap Sahib by Shri Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. It illistrates how Sikhs view the divine and how they view your lowly earthly Devis, who cannot give you mukti. They too are joon like humans or aniamals they are just another living being who takes birth, lives and dies. No need to worship them. If Hindus want to fine but dont add your bs to pure sikhi articles. If Wikipedia is a nuetrals article it should have the truth on it not biased Hindu comments on it. Alawys trying to blend in teh two religions. yes Guru Nanak was from a hindu familky but he made his own religion by being enlightened by the Incomprehendable. LIke hwo Jesus came from a jew family but started Christianity. SAme concept.

The most basic concept of Sikhism is God is One whereas Hinduism believe God in many form.

Bhull chuk maaf.

Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa!! Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh!!

User:Sikhsta12

Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa! Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh! The Guru Granth Sahib was in fact, complied by a Sikh. Its not Hindus trying to make it look like a Hindu book. Also, Guru Nanak Dev Ji mentions Hindu deities many times, and in fact, acknowledges their exsistance, except he said they are all One God, which is true. Allah, Ram, and Shiva are the same God. So it is not a Hindu trying to change it. TurbanatorX (talk) 01:41, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I have this controversial matter in a new file Hindu influence on the Guru Granth Sahib, so the disputing parties can argue about it there without continually disturbing the page Guru Granth Sahib. Anthony Appleyard 16:50, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Page Hindu influence on the Guru Granth Sahib was deleted as a copyvio; but its text is also at http://www.topix.net/forum/religion/hindu/TTIKLKNR3I2A8KB1S . Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:30, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Etymology of “Guru”
The explanation of the word guru’s origin is a folk etymology. Actually, “guru” simply means “teacher” in Sanskrit.

2007-07-10 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

Lead paragraph
Hi guys. In my humble opinion, the lead paragraph lays undue stress on gurmata, which detracts from the main subject of the article and is confusing. Can we move that to some part later in the article? Thanks. ReluctantPhilosopher (talk) 18:08, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * what's stoping you? but please make sure you don't mess up anything. Ajjay (talk) 18:15, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Urdu Wikipedia

 * The title of this page's corresponding page in the Urdu Wikipedia is گرنتھ صاحب, i.e. merely "Granth Ṣāḥib" without the "Guru". Is this correct? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:23, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Juristic person
Here is references (PDF Document)

The court does not equate it with an idol, and recognized it as a sole successor of sikh gurus.

Also i was only adding, what i thought was relevent information, you can delete the whole para, if you find it is not relevent.thanksAjjay (talk) 14:19, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * No, I believe it is relevant, though perhaps not in the lead. The SC seems to have said "The Granth replaces the Guru after the tenth Guru. We unhesitatingly hold Guru Granth Sahib to be a juristic person." But also clearly lays out legal dispute-related reasons why it would be necessary to do so, so I think both perspectives need to be mentioned clearly. Relata refero (talk) 14:26, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * But the court also states that it cannot be compared to an idol, or other religious texts. And the succession was invested by the last guru...now it is a living guru of sikhsAjjay (talk) 14:37, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed, but that is the historical background. After that passage, the Court says "In this background and on overall considerations..." before going on to deliver the judgment. Relata refero (talk) 14:40, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * So how do you think it should appear?Ajjay (talk) 14:48, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I made this edit. What do you think? Relata refero (talk) 14:58, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I think it is ok, but we need a clear elaboration on differnce between deity and the granth. Besides, as the judgement pronounces, "a gurudwara cannot be without Guru granth placed in it.Ajjay (talk) 15:04, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * How is this re-wording? I think it is just fineAjjay (talk) 15:32, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Insecticide and fungicide

 * What does Sikh religion say about treating a copy of the Guru Granth Sahib with insecticide and fungicide to prevent or stop attack by insects (e.g. bookworm) and fungi? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 04:59, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * There isn't any as such. In sikh religion, the Holy book is opened and taken care atleast twice in a day(It is mandatory). A clean dry cloth is kept, with which pages are cleaned, before reading and turning over of pages, this prevents fungus etc. You cannot keep the granth lying idle ( like in a store or bookshelf). It has to be kept carefully wrapped in a special cloth, that is changed daily. When a book gets old, or becomes unusable, it is taken and burned on a pyre, just like a dead human, on a special day. I hope this answers your query.Shalimer (talk) 06:19, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

"Sant Bhasha"
Sant Bhasha is not a language, 220.227.179.5. As your own source states, it is "a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha." The SGGS is written in archaic but recognizable and generally comprehensible Punjabi. Languages change rapidly through time; just because Early Modern (medieval) English is difficult for modern English readers to comprehend doesn't make it a separate language. Really, the difference between modern and SGGS Punjabi is smaller in comparison. Renaming old dialects with academic new terms suggesting a bigger difference than there actually is is easy to do. I have read much of the SGGS as well as several family members, and authorities from my Gurdwara have also agreed that is is more or less Punjabi. Twisting your own sources' words will not change this. You also show an annoying tendency to overstate the presence of other languages appearing in the SGGS compared to what the predominant language is -- Punjabi. Another of your sources states that Sant Bhasha is "contained" in the SGGS. Other languages definitely appear in the tome but rarely for more than a passage, and frequently only a few lines here and there. What you have to understand is that many pirs and bhagats of other faiths were asked to contribute, and in their own languages. I'm not sure what your purpose is for all these actions but if they are subversive I will call you out on it. Stop misquoting your sources, and don't question the quality of my edits, seeing that you have made poor ones yourself. I am more than able to admit a mistake, but my motivations are for the betterment of the article, as opposed to posting sources that you misquote to further an agenda, and assuming that sources make your edits ironclad. It depends on what the sources say, not a personal theory based on them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 3swordz (talk • contribs) 10:42, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, so you are removing references and adding information without any citations from reliable sources, but your "motivations are for the betterment of the article". And I am adding citations, but I have "an agenda"! Please learn to assume good faith.

 * As for the language, I know that Sant Bhasha is not a language, that's why I added "a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha". What is your source that only "Punjabi" is the predominant language while the use of other languages is "cursory". Please stop distorting facts. The language "Punjabi" is different from the language of the SGGS.

 * Please note that Sikhism is a very modern religion, and does not have any official liturgical language. We don't revere any language as the divine language. The Sikh Gurus never believed in the exclusivity of their preachings, and traveled far and wide to spread their message to peoples of different cultures in their own native languages. The Gurus did not believe in the ideas of any language being 'sacred' or 'special'.

 * All the sources of creation, and all languages meditate on Him, forever and ever. (Guru Arjan Dev, Asa, pg. 456)

 * You non-Sikhs should try to understand this. Unlike your Hinduism, our literature is not limited to a single language like Sanskrit which 99% of you don't understand. Unlike Christianity or Islam, our Guru didn't limit themselves to Hebrew-Latin and Arabic. Our Gurus preached in all the languages which were spoken by the common people in their regions. Our Gurus did not love just one language like Brahmins love Sanskrit. Similarly, our Gurus did not hate any language, like the neo-Buddhists hate Sanskrit. They just let the divine words flow out of their blessed tongues in all the languages. Our Gurus were very knowledgeable and wrote in different languages. Guru Gobind Singh ji (who was born in Bihar and died in Maratha lands), for instance, knew Pujabi, Sanskrit, Braj, Persian, Khariboli and much more. His only hymn in Punjabi language is "Mitr pyare noo", but the most famous Persian poem is written by him (it is not part of SGGS, though).

 * Sikhism is a religion, not an ethnic group or linguistic group. There are Assamese Sikhs who speak Assamese. When I visited Nanded during Guru Gaddi, I have met Sikhs who speak Marathi. Non-Sikhs generally tend to consider Sikhism as a religion cetnered around Punjabi and Jutts, but this is not true. The contribution of Punjabi linguistic group and Jutt ethnic group to the Sikhism is extraordinary, but Sikhs are a global people, coming from all kinds of linguistic groups and ethnicities. Out of our Panj Pyares, only Bhai Daya Singh was Pujabi. Bhai Himmat Singh came from Orissa. Bhai Mohkam Singh came from Gujarat. Bhai Sahib Singh came from Karnataka. Bhai Dharam Singh came from Uttar Pradesh.

 * The language of the Guru Granth Sahib was simply called "Gurumukhi" (Guru = Teacher, mukh = mouth) originally. But, now this word is mainly used to refer only to the written script. The predominant language is not modern Punjabi, but various dialects used in North India at the time of the Gurus. The less used langauges include Marathi, Persian etc.

 * Now I've changed the wordings a bit to clear any confusion you might have. If you want to say that only "Punjabi" is the predominant and that the use of other languages is "cursory", please provide a reference for the same. Do you know what "cursory" means? According to the dictionary, it means "Hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough". This is NOT the case. Our Gurus respected languages of all the followers and knowledgeable people. They did not accord the status of divine language to their mother tongue Punjabi.

 * I request you to stop adding false information to a book that is the epitome of the ultimate truth. This is sacrilege. Please don't do this, just because you want to prove that you know more than everybody else. Please do not remove references. Add more, if you have any for Punjabi being "predominant" and others being "cursory".

 * If you want to learn more about our holy book and verify the references, you can search books: http://books.google.com/books?q=sant+bhasha+guru+granth+sahib&btnG=Search+Books

 * 220.227.179.5 (talk) 03:15, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

 * First off I am a Punjabi Jatt Sikh, not a Hindu. Don't insult me, if you please.

 * Second, I am glad we seem to agree that the SGGS is written predominantly in archaic Punjabi, and that wasn't deleted. That was really the only point I wanted to get across. And for the record: I only stated Punjabi's predominance in the SGGS, not its divinity. I also never said that modern Punjabi was the language of the SGGS, don't make up accusations.

 * I concede that "cursory" was a poor choice of words on my part, and for that I humbly apologize. I probably meant to say "sporadic" or "secondary" or something along those lines. I wouldn't knowingly disrespect my own religion, or the Gurus' choice of script/tongue.

 * If you are citing references, use them properly. Say exactly what the source said without any change in meaning. There was a notable difference in what the sources implied and what you implied. Don't change the meaning of the source for your own uses. I simply quoted your sources more accurately. You ought to have done that on your own, and you should know that people are going to check your sources; putting up a multitude of little source numbers to impress the readers won't stop me from doing this. I've seen plenty of misused sources, dead links, uncredible sources etc. on many article so I am naturally wary. Your sources seem legit but your changed the meaning of what they said.

 * I absolutely can accept that there are non-Jatt Punjabi Sikhs. Our Gurus were well-traveled men of the world, and in the case of Guru Nanak, traveled from South India all the way to Mecca, and no doubt all learned many tongues. Two of the Sikh Takhts are not even in Punjab: Takht Hazur Sahib is in Nanded, Maharashtra and Takht Patna Sahib is in Bihar. But the other three are in Punjab, and that is no coincidence. (Remember what I said about overstating lesser influences?) Sikhism caught on mostly with Punjabis, as a matter of fact I'd be so bold as to say nearly all Sikhs are Punjabis, and a nice big chunk of those were indeed Jatts. Jatts did indeed play a crucial role in Sikhism's influence and survival. It was mostly Jatt clans, like for example Gills, Maans, Dhillons, etc. that were the earliest converts to Sikhism, during the time of the Gurus, and these clans often converted wholesale, which is why the majority of Jatt clans are Sikh-only. It was Jatt martial tradition that was one of the big factors of Sikh martial tradition. Punjabi Jatt culture has influenced Sikh culture and vice versa. Other ethnicities also converted, like many Rajput and other ex-Hindus, during increased Mughal aggression, and Hindu families would offer their eldest sons to the Khalsa for protection and support. In other words, many Jatts were among the original SIkhs, and others converted later. I do not consider myself a better Sikh than you because I am a Jatt, and if you have an inferiority complex about not being one I advise you get past it. I am a proud Sikh but I will not throw away my proud, independent, martial Jatt heritage that gave so much to Sikhi as it is today. But enough itihaas.

 * I will give you the benefit of the doubt in this case, but I'd advise you to use your sources properly, and to keep all facts in proportion. Peace, and Chardi Kala.3swordz (talk) 12:03, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Rehat Maryada
It would be appropriate to say which version of Rehat Maryada proscribes the etiquette required for the SGGS. It is important for people to know that the etiquette is considered required, but it is also important to know if every Sikh requires it or only some. It seems some--or heretics--may not require it, and it is important to know if the general agreement is sort of like when the Vatican considered it a high crime for non-priests to read the Christian Bible or like when it started to be allowed (and the Orthodox may have already allowed.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.243.238.5 (talk) 02:29, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Section entitled "Available Translations"
Should this section really be on Wikipedia? It's just a bunch of links to a website selling books. I'm sure there are others (not to mention free translations of the text), so why include these links? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.132.238.144 (talk) 19:55, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * You're right, good catch! I deleted it, it was obviously an attempt to advertise a site.--Profitoftruth85 (talk) 20:16, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Composition
This sub section should be improved. It should contain an author index. I propose it reads:

" The Guru Granth Sahib contains compositions by The Gurus, Bhagats and Bhatts.

There are also composition by Bhai Mardana, Satta and Balwand and Baba Sunder "

Two of the references I have provided are from two different websites, if someone can improve citations please do. I have provided the wikilinks, that I could find , sometimes these can also be improved ...any suggestions. Intothefire (talk) 03:00, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

Personal behaviour
Any person carrying out any Service or Sewa must observe the following:
 * Head must be covered at all times.
 * Shoes and socks must be removed outside the Darbar Sahib (Guru's room).
 * Basic standards of personal hygiene are to be observed especially relating to cleanliness
 * Eating or drinking while in service is strictly avoided.
 * Being under the influence of any intoxicant including alcohol, tobacco...etc. is strictly forbidden.
 * Consuming meat in the premises of the Gurdwara is strictly forbidden.
 * Complete silence is observed while in Guru's service.
 * Respectful attitude towards others who are present. No Discrimination while doing Sewa
 * Doing sewa outside of Gurudwara is what matters ultimately according to wisdom of Guru Granth Sahib ji.

Environment

 * The room should be kept clean
 * The clothes that are used to cover Guru Granth Sahib Ji are kept clean and changed daily. Some people choose to use decorated cloth, but this is not necessary.
 * The Guru Granth Sahib Ji is always placed on a Manji Sahib (small handmade throne).
 * A canopy is always placed over the Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
 * A Chaur Sahib (artificial hairs bundled together to fan over the Guru Granth Sahib) is provided besides Guru Granth Sahib Ji with a small platform to house the Karah Parshad (sacramental food) and other offerings.
 * Everyone should cover their head and take off their shoes before going in the room.
 * Applying the wisdom of Guru's in keeping the sanctity of Guru Granth Sahib.

On the move
While Guru Granth Sahib is on the move the following is observed:
 * Five initiated Sikhs accompany Guru Granth Sahib at all times when traveling
 * Another Sikh does Chaur Sahib seva
 * The Main Sikh carrying Guru Granth Sahib must put a clean rumāl on his or her head before carefully and respectfully placing Guru Granth Sahib on this rumāl. At all times, Guru Granth Sahib should be covered with a small rumāl so that Guru Granth Sahib's form is always fully "covered". Also the Sikh carrying Guru Granth Sahib should have "Keshi Ishnaan" or washed hair to show respect.
 * There should be recitation of "Waheguru" at all times.
 * Applying the Guru's wisdom at all times, while going through each day of life.

Other considerations

 * No one sits on a higher platform than the Guru.
 * No one is to come in front of guruji without his or her head covered.
 * Guru Granth Sahih ji is to be considered a Guru which asks for nothing, only gives knowledge to the poor souls.

Pearl Buck
What's the point in stating that Pearl Buck is a Nobel laureate? That sounds like a fallacious appeal to authority to me. Doctor Whom (talk) 20:54, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Since no one has explained the relevance, does anyone object to my removing the reference to her Nobel prize? Doctor Whom (talk) 13:22, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I guess not. Doctor Whom (talk) 19:19, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

Guru Granth Sahib Vs. Adi Granth
I am not very familiar with sikhism, but from what I read in Wikipedia I see no real difference between these two designations. I read here in the Talk page that Adi Granth is an early recension of the Guru Granth Sahib, but on this page (and in Adi Granth, Sikh scriptures and Sikh gurus) both names are treated as synonyms, with the only difference that I can see on these pages being that Guru Granth Sahib is a title (the status of living Guru) bestowed upon the Adi Granth. But, are there two different sets of texts? Is Adi Granth an "historical" term only? Is Adi Granth just a part of Guru Granth Sahib? Do sikhs call their scripture "Adi Granth" or not? Is it worthy to mention them separately, as if they were really two different things, or is it enough to say that the Adi Granth had a first version by the Fifth Guru, and a later addition by the Tenth Guru, but it's still the Adi Granth, also called Guru Granth Sahib since it was considered the living Guru?

Please, again excuse my ignorance on the subject. I would very much appreciate clarification on these issues, and to see that clarification included on the respective pages, since, as it is now, I don't see the specific need of having three different pages (Adi Granth, Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh scriptures) on this subject. To me it is more confusing than illuminating. --Nazroon (talk) 03:24, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

 * The Adi Granth and Guru Granth Sahib are different because the Guru Granth Sahib has Guru Tegh Bahadur's Bani in it wheras the Adi Granth does not therefor the Adi Granth cannot be considered the Guru Granth Sahib. Jujhar.pannu (talk) 06:14, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

Living Guru?
The book isn't living in any sense; that's a purely religious, almost idolatrous, characteristic ascribed to it by members of the religion. The opening sentence is a clear violation of WP:NPOV. Anyone with common sense knows that a book cannot be considered "living". I will proceed to edit it to something more neutral. JDiala (talk) 08:54, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

Granth is not Guru of Sikhs
Guru Gobind Singh said aad ant ekey avtara soyi guru samjheyo hamara. There is one guru of sikhs and i.e hukam (153.110.241.231 (talk) 12:15, 14 August 2014 (UTC))

lead edits and WP:BRD
@Js82: I have reverted some of the Prophet, revelation, SGPC and other language you added. Per WP:BRD, please get consensus. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 19:53, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

I have taken out the misleading mention of "low caste" angle only from the lead, because three of the Hindu bhagats revered in Sikhism were Brahmins, and many others were not from the low caste (yes, some were). If this is due and important, it needs to be stated more clearly and in an NPOV manner with reliable sources cited. Mentioning one without the other is misleading. Similarly it is important to mention that 13 of 15 bhagats were Hindus and 2 were Muslims. I have done so, with sources. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 21:14, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

Translation
Please do not edit war. Is this source reliable or peer reviewed anywhere? Your cooperation is requested, Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 15:13, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

Two doubts
Thanks, hope to clear my doubts. South Indian Geek (talk) 21:07, 6 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Why does the Punjabi font have Ji written at the end ?
 * The article is located at Granth Sahib at Urdu Wikipedia, stating their policy not to use honorifics like Guru. Then why are we using it ?

Requested move 30 September 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. No prospect of consensus to move; Arguably a rough consensus that it's best where it is. Andrewa (talk) 05:11, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Guru Granth Sahib → Granth Sahib – COMMONNAME, see ngram chart, also, Guru is a MOS:HONORIFIC. King Prithviraj II (talk) 11:01, 30 September 2017 (UTC) King Prithviraj II (talk) 11:53, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Weak oppose. I think this move request is motivated by proper intentions, and certainly Wikipedia's article on the Christian religious text is located at Bible rather than the common Holy Bible. However, for the readers, the article on this text needs to be located at the most common name used in English, and that seems to be "Guru Granth Sahib". I'm not convinced otherwise by the ngram, which shows a tiny difference between two almost identical phrases ten years ago. Moreover, if "Guru" is problematic, then so is "Sahib", which is equally an honorific for a man. In addition, if this is moved, there needs to be due consideration for the title "Adi Granth", used as the principal title by Encyclopedia Britannica and Oxford University Press among others. The article correctly notes that these titles aren't considered synonyms by practicing Sikhs, but that merely means that the distinction should be explained in the article, which it is. If a title without honorifics is desired, then surely "Adi Granth" is superior to "Granth" alone. 64.105.98.115 (talk) 12:39, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This is a good faith suggestion, but please see tertiary sources. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 14:55, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Move to either Granth, Adi Granth or Granth Sahib. Britannica uses Adi Granth with Granth Sahib and Granth mentioned as other common names. Ngram shows Granth as most common, followed by Granth Sahib, Guru Granth Sahib and Adi Granth. 86.99.13.167 (talk) 16:29, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Adi Granth =/= Guru Granth Sahib. Please reread the sources. Your Ngram analysis is flawed; e.g. if you do a search of "book" and "Guru Granth Sahib", "book" is most common, but that does not mean this article should be retitled to "Book". Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 18:06, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Please see Talk:Adi Granth, where sources are raised that demonstrate that Adi Granth and Guru Granth Sahib are nearly the same, except for a stanza or two. Granth is almost exclusively used to refer to Guru Granth Sahib and Adi Granth and is like a term that covers both, and is the most common term. 86.99.13.167 (talk) 18:23, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Are you referring to the old discussion with non-RS links? It is not persuasive. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 18:43, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Strong oppose It's not an just an honorific, but something conferred in line with a lot of actual spiritual leaders (who are all called gurus), please read Guru, Sikh gurus for further context, COMMONNAME is a wrong policy to use here, especially the flawed ngram which doesn't prove a point. -- QEDK ( 愛  •  海 ) 08:46, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Guru Granth Sahib and Guru Granth are also the common-names, BTW. Yes, in RS and elsewhere. Granth is a Sanskrit word that is common in non-Sikhism literature. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 14:08, 8 October 2017 (UTC)

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Andrewa (talk) 05:11, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Italicized article title?
Per Manual_of_Style/Titles:

"[Titles of s]criptures of large, well-known religions should not normally be italicized. For example, the Bible, the Quran, the Talmud, the Bhagavad Gita, the Adi Granth, the Book of Mormon, and the Avesta are not italicized."

(Emphasis added.) Given this, I believe that "Guru Granth Sahib", including the article title, should not be italicized. Any thoughts? —DocWatson42 (talk) 04:09, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree. Changed. Batternut (talk) 21:54, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Thank you. ^_^ —DocWatson42 (talk) 06:17, 7 May 2018 (UTC) how I can citisource or give reliable source to Wikipedia to improve the article kindly give me the way

Suspicious edit
An IP user made a variety of changes to the page in this edit on 26 February 2021. I don't know enough about this topic to be certain about changing them back, but I was suspicious because they changed "There are also adulatory verses for the Gurus such as Guru Nanak fused into some pages" to "There are also idolatry verses for the Gurus such as Guru Nanak fused into some pages". --Metropolitan90 (talk) 22:22, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Need of some alteration in this topic
Plz use word "shri" at front of the name and "ji" at the end of the name of sikh Guru's 2409:4055:4E14:4289:3112:7079:9190:9D8 (talk) 09:48, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Please review MOS:HONORIFIC, which states quite clearly why Wikipedia does not. —C.Fred (talk) 13:34, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guru Granth Sahib


text:
Talk:All Along The Watchtower

I have to wonder about including the entire lyrics of the song in the article, even with providing the copyright notice for the owners. There are lots of web sites out there that already have the lyrics, although they may not have permission either from the copyright owners. RedWolf 00:59, Mar 11, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:All Along The Watchtower


text:
Giovanni Battista Viotti

Giovanni Battista Viotti (12 May 1755 – 3 March 1824) was an Italian violinist whose virtuosity was famed and whose work as a composer featured a prominent violin and an appealing lyrical tunefulness. He was also a director of French and Italian opera companies in Paris and London. He personally knew Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven.

Biography
Viotti was born at Fontanetto Po in the Kingdom of Sardinia (today in the province of Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy). For his musical talent, he was taken into the household of principe Alfonso dal Pozzo della Cisterna in Turin, where he received a musical education that prepared him to be a pupil of Gaetano Pugnani. He served at the Savoia court in Turin, 1773–80, then toured as a soloist, at first with Pugnani, before going to Paris alone, where he made his début at the Concert Spirituel, 17 March 1782. He was an instant sensation and served for a time at Versailles before founding a new opera house, the Théâtre de Monsieur in 1788, under the patronage of Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, the king's brother, whose court title was Monsieur. There he mounted operas of his friend Luigi Cherubini, among lesser lights. When the French Revolution took a radical turn and, though his opera house was renamed the Théâtre Feydeau, former royal connections became a dangerous liability, he moved in 1792 to London, making his début at Johann Peter Salomon's Hanover Square Concert, 7 February 1793. In London he went from success to success, as a featured violinist for Salomon's concert series, 1793–1794; as musical director of the new Opera Concerts in 1795; as a star in the benefit concerts for Haydn, 1794 and 1795; as acting manager of Italian opera at the King's Theatre, 1794–1795; and as leader and director of the orchestra, 1797. He was invited to perform in the houses of the London bon ton, including for the Prince of Wales.

Then, with Britain at war with Revolutionary France, he was ordered to leave the country, under suspicion of Jacobin sympathies. Period papers hint at an intrigue in the favour of Viotti's rival, Wilhelm Cramer, who had led the Opera House orchestra before Viotti took over. The Morning Post and Gazetteer in its issue of Friday, 9 March 1798, reported that "the Duke of L... and the Earl of C... have been particularly active in entreating his Majesty to order Viotti out of the kingdom". This may refer to Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, and to Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield. Pierre Rode, Viotti's favourite pupil, was expelled from England, too, and may have left the country some days previous to Viotti who awaited the outcome of his case, after several gentlemen and even Princess Elizabeth spoke in his favour. But finally, Viotti left England with a packet ship on 8 March 1798. He lived on the estate of a rich English merchant, John Smith, in Schenefeld (Pinneberg) near Hamburg from ca. March 1798 to ca. July 1799. Between March and May 1798 he gave private lessons to the 13-year-old virtuoso Friedrich Wilhelm Pixis. After that, according to two papers issued in February 1800, he seems to have lived incognito on the estate of his English friends, William and Margaret Chinnery, at Gillwell House, where he lived officially from 1801; according to another paper he was still in Schenefeld in April 1800. He gave up giving concerts to run a wine business, but used to play in private concerts. In July 1811, he became a naturalised British citizen, after his friend, the Duke of Cambridge, a younger brother of the Prince of Wales, had interceded on his behalf. In 1813, he was one of the founders of the Philharmonic Society of London. Viotti didn't perform as a soloist anymore but as orchestra leader and chamber musician. After his wine business failed, he returned to Paris to work as director of the Académie Royale de Musique, from 1819 to 1821. He returned to London in November 1823 together with Margaret Chinnery and died in her presence on 3 March 1824.

Music
In spite of his few direct pupils, Viotti was a very influential violinist. The teacher of both Pierre Rode and Pierre Baillot and an important influence on Rodolphe Kreutzer, all of whom became notable teachers themselves, he is considered the founding father of the 19th-century French violin school. He also taught Paul Alday and August Duranowski, who was an influence on Niccolò Paganini.

Viotti owned a violin fabricated by Antonio Stradivari in 1709 that would eventually become known as the Viotti Stradivarius. He is also thought to have commissioned the construction of at least one replica of this violin. The Viotti ex-Bruce, renamed in honour of its previous owner, was purchased by the Royal Academy of Music in September 2005. Funding was provided by HM Government in lieu of Inheritance Tax, and by the National Art Collections Fund, the National Heritage Memorial Fund and many private donors. The instrument was to be displayed in the York Gate Collections, the Academy's free museum and research centre. The Viotti ex-Bruce is to be heard as well as seen: the instrument is to be played sparingly, under very controlled circumstances, at research events and occasional performances elsewhere.

Viotti's most notable compositions are his 29 violin concertos, which were an influence on Ludwig van Beethoven. One in particular, No. 22 in A minor (1792), is still very frequently performed, especially by advanced student players. The other concertos are of similar quality but lesser known. Other notable concertos include: No. 23 in G major (1792). During the 1990-2000 decade, Guido Rimonda found three more concertos. However, these discoveries – that can be regarded as concertos No. 30, 31 and 32 - are incomplete, since only two movements were found for each concerto. Most likely they are the unpublished concertos mentioned by Viotti himself in his will left in favour of Mrs. Chinnery who cared for him in London, in the last years of his life.

In 2005, violinist Franco Mezzena released a complete set on the Dynamic label. Since 2012 Guido Rimonda started releasing Viotti's 32 concertos for Decca Universal Group label. This project will be completed by the end of 2023. In the meantime, in 2021, Guido Rimonda started the first publishing of Viotti's complete scores of violin concertos for Edizioni Curci Milan.

Viotti's music generally features the violin prominently. Most of his string quartets largely ignore the balanced texture pioneered by Haydn, giving a "solo" role to the first violin and as such may be considered Quatuors brillants. However, his Tre Quartetti Concertanti, G.112, 113 and 114 (after Remo Giazotto who catalogued Viotti's works ), composed in 1815 and published in Paris in 1817, are true concertante works offering extensive solos for each instrument and not just the first violin. Viotti often wrote chamber music for more traditional combinations such as two violins and cello. The Opp. 18 and 19 are perhaps the best known of these and are still in print today. He also wrote sonatas, songs, and other works.

The italian violinist Guido Rimonda has pointed out in 2013 that the incipit of his "Tema e variazioni in Do maggiore" (1781) has a very strong resemblance to the French hymn La Marseillaise published 11 years later.

Cultural references
Viotti is commemorated annually in the Viotti International Music Competition near his birthplace in Vercelli, Italy. In the same city takes place also the Viotti Festival - International Music Festival - an event that is part of the circuit "Piemonte dal Vivo" Italy.

title: Giovanni Battista Viotti


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/May 1

 * 1776 - Adam Weishaupt founds the Illuminati in Ingolstadt, Germany; they and the Freemasonry will be banned in 1784
 * 1884 - Proclamation of the demand for eight-hour workday in the United States
 * 2004 - Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia will join the European Union.

Shouldn't May Day maybe come first? It's a lot more international in scope.--Pharos 23:02, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I fully agree. --Soman 21:04, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * May Day a.k.a. Labour Day or International Workers Day is the most prominent worldwide event of the day. This should come first. Linhart.stephen (talk) 16:58, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

Yom HaShoah (2008) in Israel
 * (begins at sunset the previous day). It needs to be moved to May 1 as the Israeli government advanced it one day this year due to it's adjacency to the Jewish Sabbath. (it doesn't say the reason for it at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs but they, and everywhere else, mark the day this year as the 26th of Nisan, sunset April 30-May 1). Thanks,  Valley 2 city  16:41, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

The Marriage of Figaro
Please remove the File:Marriage of Figaro.ogg (an arrangement for winds) and replace it with File:Overture low.ogg (a proper chamber orchestra). -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:37, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:31, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Nea Ekklesia; Kingdom of Great Britain; Carl Linnaeus; Treaty of the Triple Alliance; Portella della Ginestra massacre
 * Included: The Marriage of Figaro (4th appearance, last in 2010); Battle of Boulou (first appearance); Citizen Kane (3rd appearance, last in 2006); Minamata disease (5th appearance, last in 2010); Carol Ann Duffy (first appearance)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:13, 30 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: May Day (maintenance); Empire State Building (maintenance)
 * Omitted: The Marriage of Figaro; Battle of Boulou; Citizen Kane (ineligible—maintenance); Carol Ann Duffy
 * Included: Illuminati (4th appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible); Penny Black (7th appearance, last in 2009); The Great Exhibition (first appearance); Ramakrishna Mission (first appearance); Portella della Ginestra massacre;
 * Repeats: Minamata disease (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:43, 30 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Citizen Kane
 * New articles (unused): Ramakrishna Mission; Scofield Mine disaster; All-China Federation of Trade Unions; Bagong Alyansang Makabayan; Rickey Henderson/Nolan Ryan (Ryan: moved from August 22); Mission Accomplished speech
 * Omitted: Illuminati; Penny Black; The Great Exhibition; Portella della Ginestra massacre; Minamata disease
 * Included: Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon (both: first appearance); Acts of Union 1707/Kingdom of Great Britain (Acts: 4th appearance, last in 2007; GB: 4th appearance, last in 2011); Battle of Manila Bay (4th appearance, last in 2010); Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo (first appearance; 40th anniversary); Ayrton Senna/Death of Ayrton Senna (Senna: 2nd appearance, last in 2005; Death: first appearance)

Birthday of Ali ibn abi taleb
Hello, this year (2015), the birthday of Ali which is of a great importance for both shia and sunni muslims, coincides with the 1 of May, based on this link. Please consider that his birthday is not based on Georgian calendar it changes from year to year. How can we include it here in "on this day"? Mhhossein (talk) 12:47, 26 April 2015 (UTC)
 * First of all, the article is currently ineligible to be listed due to the external links template at the bottom. Secondly, it is already listed on WP:Selected anniversaries/January 27. As the rules state, an article may only be featured once per year, so if we were to include the article on his birthday annually, we would have to remove it from the other day. Which is fine, and I don't mind doing that, as long as you understand how this works. Thanks. — howcheng  {chat} 07:12, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:07, 29 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Empire State Building; Gujarat/Maharashtra
 * Omitted: Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon; Acts of Union 1707/Kingdom of Great Britain; Battle of Manila Bay; Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo; Ayrton Senna/Death of Ayrton Senna
 * Included: Nea Ekklesia (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Carl Linnaeus (3rd appearance, last in 2011); Treaty of the Triple Alliance (first appearance; 150th anniversary); Citizen Kane (4th appearance, last in 2012); Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (first appearance; 30th anniversary)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:41, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Norman invasion of Ireland (date not cited); EDSA III (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Nea Ekklesia; Carl Linnaeus; Treaty of the Triple Alliance; Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
 * Included: Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon (both: 2nd appearance, last in 2014); The Marriage of Figaro (5th appearance, last in 2012); Ramakrishna Mission (first appearance); Minamata disease (7th appearance, last in 2013; 60th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Citizen Kane (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total; 75th anniversary)
 * , references have now been added for the 1 May date regarding the Norman invasion of Ireland. ~Asarlaí 18:42, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:45, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Acts of Union 1707 (maintenance); The Great Exhibition (maintenance); Treaty of the Triple Alliance (maintenance); Battle of Manila Bay (maintenance); Empire State Building (maintenance); Gujarat/Maharashtra (Gujarat: maintenance)
 * Omitted: International Workers' Day (ineligible—maintenance); Law Day (United States) (ineligible—maintenance); Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon; The Marriage of Figaro (ineligible—maintenance); Ramakrishna Mission (ineligible—maintenance); Citizen Kane; Minamata disease (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Norman invasion of Ireland (first appearance); Illuminati (5th appearance, last in 2013); All-China Federation of Trade Unions (first appearance); Portella della Ginestra massacre (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Carol Ann Duffy (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Ralph Stackpole (first appearance); Magda Goebbels (first appearance)

International Workers' Day
Shouldn't International Workers' Day be mentioned maybe? There are three holidays or festivals in specific countries mentioned, but International Workers' Day is observed all over the world and an official public holiday in most of the world! (see the little map in the article!). On top of that the Loyalty Day mentioned in the USA that is included is, according to its article, only some ploy to prevent International Workers' Day from being celebrated. It isn't a holiday and doesn't seem to have any widespread traditions associated with it. --83.128.131.207 (talk) 09:54, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I already figured out what happened. --83.128.131.207 (talk) 10:08, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I have removed the refimprove tag that was added yesterday (problematic timing) from the article and added the entry to Selected anniversaries/May 1, as I found ~75 refs to be sufficient—please use inline tags for any specific issues. As mentioned, Loyalty Day has just as many issues, including but not limited to: CN in the lead section, a ref with Missing or empty |title= (help), as well as a section without any citations whatsoever. El_C 11:07, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * In the past year, the consensus has been to begin ensuring that articles featured in OTD are of high quality. We have taken out a number of high-profile holidays/observances, including Mother's Day, Father's Day, and a number of major religious holidays including Passover and Easter. Nobody is targeting International Worker's Day specifically. Two of the faults that you mentioned (cn tag in the lead and the malformed reference) are not enough to disqualify the article from appearing. The section that you identify has having no references does in fact have a reference to the law itself as an external link instead of footnote. However, one could make the argument that because Loyalty Day was created specifically in opposition to Int'l Workers Day, it doesn't make sense to include it if the thing it opposes also omitted, so I'm fine with taking that out. — howcheng   {chat} 16:39, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:50, 1 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon (Báthory: maintenance); Penny Black (maintenance); Mission Accomplished speech (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire
 * Omitted: Norman invasion of Ireland; Illuminati; All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ineligible—maintenance); Portella della Ginestra massacre; Ayrton Senna/Death of Ayrton Senna; Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington; Ralph Stackpole; Magda Goebbels
 * Included: Species Plantarum (first appearance; blurb previously featured Carl Linnaeus, which has been moved to January 10, death anniversary, and last appeared in 2015); Second Battle of Boulou (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Moses Fleetwood Walker (first appearance); Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (2nd appearance, last in 2015); Honora Sneyd (first appearance); Anna Jarvis (2nd appearance, last in 2017; also appeared on November 24, her birthday); Ulric Cross (first appearance)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:56, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Rickey Henderson/Nolan Ryan
 * New articles (unused): Recapture of Bahia
 * Omitted: Species Plantarum; Moses Fleetwood Walker; Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo; Bagong Alyansang Makabayan; Honora Sneyd; Anna Jarvis; Ulric Cross
 * Included: Maharashtra Day (first appearance); Nea Ekklesia (3rd appearance, last in 2015); Norman invasion of Ireland (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 950th anniversary); Empire State Building (3rd appearance, last in 2010); Ayrton Senna/Death of Ayrton Senna (Senna: 4th appearance; Death: 3rd appearance; both last in 2017); Franciscus Junius (the elder) (first appearance); Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 250th birthday); Eldridge Cleaver (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Second Battle of Boulou (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total)

Asian Pacific American Heritage Month
Should Asian Pacific American Heritage Month be mentioned on this date?-- RightCow LeftCoast ( Moo ) 02:32, 16 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's good enough quality. The Introduction to Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage section is clearly a straight copy-paste from a National Park Service web site (someone just pasted in the HTML). — howcheng  {chat} 02:35, 16 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Gotcha.-- RightCow LeftCoast ( Moo ) 02:39, 16 May 2019 (UTC)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 18:23, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Marie-Aimée Roger-Miclos (POTD for 2020)
 * Omitted: Nea Ekklesia; Norman invasion of Ireland; Second Battle of Boulou; Empire State Building; Ayrton Senna/Death of Ayrton Senna; Franciscus Junius (the elder); Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington; Eldridge Cleaver
 * Included: International Workers' Day (rescued from Ineligible); Samhain (goes with Beltane); Loyalty Day (rescued from Ineligible); Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon (Báthory: 3rd appearance, last in 2016; Jagiellon: 4th, last in 2019 on October 18, her birthday); Recapture of Bahia (first appearance); The Marriage of Figaro (6th appearance, last in 2016); Gwendolyn Brooks (2nd appearance, last in 2017; previously appeared on June 7, her birthday; 70th anniversary); Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo (3rd appearance, last in 2018); François de Troy (first appearance); Henry DeWolf Smyth (first appearance); Magda Goebbels (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 75th anniversary)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:08, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Norman invasion of Ireland (maintenance); Species Plantarum (actual date unknown)
 * Omitted: Stephen Báthory/Anna Jagiellon; Recapture of Bahia; The Marriage of Figaro; Gwendolyn Brooks; Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo; François de Troy; Henry DeWolf Smyth; Magda Goebbels
 * Included: Acts of Union 1707/Kingdom of Great Britain (both: 5th appearance; Acts last in 2017; GB last in 2014; rescued from Ineligible); Citizen Kane (6th appearance, last in 2016; 80th anniversary); Rickey Henderson/Nolan Ryan (Henderson: first appearance; Ryan: 5th appearance, last in 2013, previously appeared on August 22; 30th anniversary); 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire (first appearance); Alexander William Williamson (first appearance); Marie-Aimée Roger-Miclos (first appearance); Ranasinghe Premadasa (first appearance)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:14, 2 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Acts of Union 1707/Kingdom of Great Britain; Citizen Kane; Rickey Henderson/Nolan Ryan; Alexander William Williamson; Marie-Aimée Roger-Miclos; Ranasinghe Premadasa
 * Included: Nea Ekklesia (4th appearance, last in 2019); Illuminati (6th appearance, last in 2017); Moses Fleetwood Walker (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Portella della Ginestra massacre (4th appearance, last in 2017; 75th anniversary); Paul I Šubić of Bribir (first appearance); Adelsteen Normann (first appearance); Aram Khachaturian (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)


text:
Joseph-Armand Bombardier

Joseph-Armand Bombardier (April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a Canadian inventor and businessman who was the founder of Bombardier. His most famous invention was a snowmobile.

Biography
Born in Valcourt, Quebec, Joseph-Armand Bombardier dabbled in mechanics from an early age. He built his first snow vehicle at the age of 15. He acquired experience by reading, taking notes and repairing what he found until he opened his own garage at age 19, where he would repair cars and sell gasoline in the summertime.

During wintertime, he worked on developing a vehicle able to travel on snow. At that time, the Quebec government did not clear snow from secondary roads, so residents of these areas stored their cars for the winter season. The idea to build a winter vehicle came to Bombardier after a blizzard in which his young son fell ill from peritonitis and died because he could not be brought to the nearest hospital.

The first B7 (B for Bombardier and 7 for 7 passengers) snowmobiles were sold during the winter of 1936–37 and were well received. A new plant able to produce more than 200 vehicles a year was built in 1940. A new 12-passenger model was made available in 1941 which was referred to as the B12, but demand was halted when Canada entered World War II. The B12 was manufactured by L’Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée. Bombardier also brought to market a C18 which served the public as a school bus. Over 3,000 units of the B12/C18 were manufactured. Bombardier offered his expertise to the Canadian government and started producing specialized military vehicles for the Allies. Bombardier also produced specialized vehicles for logging and mining operations, which they called the Muskeg.

After the war, business declined when the Quebec government began clearing snow from secondary roads in 1948. Bombardier went on to build smaller snowmobiles during the 1950s and developed a new market for recreational products for one or two people. In 1959 he launched the Ski-Doo, which was originally planned to be called Ski-Dog but a printing accident spelt it as Ski-Doo and Bombardier considered that typo a fortuitous development for a new trademark for his company. The Ski-Doo was ranked 17th place on CBC Television's The Greatest Canadian Invention in 2007. Bombardier died in 1964 of cancer but the snowmobile idea was a success. 225 units were sold during 1959 and more than 8,210 units were sold during 1963.

Honours
In 2004, Autoroute 55 in Quebec was named autoroute Joseph-Armand-Bombardier between Stanstead and Autoroute 20 (autoroute Jean-Lesage) near Drummondville. The Bombardier Glacier in Antarctica is also named after him.

In 2000, Joseph-Armand Bombardier was honoured by the government of Canada with his image on a postage stamp.

He is a member of the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.

title: Joseph-Armand Bombardier


text:
User:Jorge Stolfi

I am a professor of computer science at the State University of Campinas, Brazil. Most of my work outside Wikipedia is related to computer graphics, computational geometry, image processing and numerical computing. I have also worked in computational linguistics and graph theory, and I have spent a lot of time analyzing the Voynich Manuscript.

I am the author of all edits by 143.106.24.42 and 143.106.24.25. I have also edited occasionally through 201.82.133.122, a shared IP (since aug.2009).

Please do not add comments to the talk pages of my subpages (like this one), I am almost guaranteed to miss them. Use my main talk page instead.

Irrefutable proof that Wikipedia admins do not care about the project
There is a widespread illusion in Wikipedia circles that its administrators are nice helpful guys who care for the project. But here is irrefutable proof to the contrary:

 * When editing an article, the body of a bibliography reference can be entered in two ways: either inline, right where the reference is cited, e.g.
 * ...it was found by somebody that...
 * or at the end of the article, in the "References" section, in the format
 * The second format, called LDR by the Wikipedia admin cabal, makes both the text and the references immensely easier to edit. Editors should be told that the first time they enter an inline reference.  But, most importantly, the Wikipedia server should automatically move the body of every inline reference to the end of the article, in the LDR format, inventing a name for it if does not have one.
 * Since Wikipedia administrators have failed to do both things,during all those years that the LDR feature has been available, it follows, by iron-clad logical deduction, that they are a bunch of sadists whose greatest pleasure is watch us poor editors suffer with the unspeakable mess that inline refs have turned every article into.
 * Since Wikipedia administrators have failed to do both things,during all those years that the LDR feature has been available, it follows, by iron-clad logical deduction, that they are a bunch of sadists whose greatest pleasure is watch us poor editors suffer with the unspeakable mess that inline refs have turned every article into.

Quod erat demonstrandum.

Advice to new editors
Do not waste time reading the Rules and Manuals in the "Wikipedia:" space. Ignore any commands to do so. Do not be impressed when older editors quote those Rules to defend their views. (Every one of those rules was written by a handful of people who wanted to impose their views on thousands of editors who had other views, without their approval.) The only rules you need are: be helpful, be polite, be tolerant, use your brain, think of the readers, look at other articles, imitate what is good, and try to improve what isn't.

Advice to old editors
Do not quote Rules and Manuals to defend you views. Do not tell other editors to go read them. Every time an old editor throws a Rule at a new editor, Wikipedia loses another editor. Every time a fellow editor quotes a Rule at me, I stick another pin into his doll. 8-)

Non-breaking spaces are evil
Wikisource is becoming increasingly complicated (and watchlists are becoming increasingly hogged) by edits that contribute very little to its readability and nothing to its usefulness. One example is the use of non-breaking spaces in the wikisource to control spacing and line breaks.

TeX math is better than Wikifaked math
Another thing that contributes to mess up the wikisource (and scares away many potential editors) is the use of wikisource tricks and templates, such as " f(xk) " = f(xk), instead of $$...$$ with TeX notation, as in $$f(x^k)$$ = $$f(x^k)$$. Please, let's switch to the latter, it is better for readers and editors.

Missing templates
There are many templates that I sorely miss in Wikipedia. Here is a small sample.

The death of Wikipedia
Seriously now: Wikipedia is dying. Why? What can we do about it? My opinions are here, in case you care to know them.

Please do not use templates
Seriously too: dear fellow editor, I beg and advise you to please do not use the templates to enter source references. That is not only a waste of your time, but actually a significant *dis*improvement over formatting the references by hand.

In the source text, the template call is at least twice as long as the hand-formatted version; it is much harder to read, and makes the surrounding text much harder to read too. The text it generates is no better than what one could get by hand, and is often much worse. For journal references, for example, it uses the compact citation format 37(10):1-23 — that was invented by technical journal publishers *to save paper*. The explicit format "volume 37, issue 10, pages 1-23" (which, by the way, is often used in the websites of technical journals) is more suited to the medium and to the typical readers of Wikipedia, who cannot be assumed to be acquanited with academic conventions.

There are several other disadvantages of the cite templates. For one thing, each variant has its own set of keywords; and if you use the wrong keyword (such as "publication" instead of "journal", or "tilte" instead of "title") the corresponding field is simply omitted without warning. It does not easily accomodate special situations, such as "Harald Stümpke [=Gerolf Steiner]" or "volume 10, pages 990-999 and volume 11, pages 1-30". If you copy-paste a reference from some external place, you will find that it is much easier to format the reference by hand than to fill in the fields of a call, whether directly or through the  form. And so on.

Like many (too many) other features in Wikipedia, the cite templates were created by a handful of enthusiastic editors without a clear analysis of cost/benefits, and posted by them as if they were a "consensus" --- which they most emphatically are *not*. Then many other editors started using them in the mistaken impression that they are somehow good for Wikipedia --- which they most emphatically are *not*. I used to do that myself until I realized the sheer idiocy of those templates, and what the word "consensus" actually means in the Wikipedia guidelines.

So my advice is: forget the template, and just typeset the references by hand. It will save you a lot of time and grief, and you will get better-looking and more reader-friendly refs.

Proposal for out-of-body references
[This entry has lost its relevance now. Just use the feature in the "References" section (see above). In case you must, the old text of this section was moved to the beginning of User:Jorge Stolfi/Out-of-body references. --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 16:08, 21 February 2013 (UTC)]

General

 * List of things named Venetian
 * Cruzeiro sign

Biology

 * Jabiru • Maned Wolf • Bush Dog • Yacare Caiman • Paca • Common Agouti
 * Trigona spinipes
 * Poecilocerus pictus • Parasanaa donovani • Aularches miliaris • Tegra novaehollandiae
 * Phallusia nigra • Luffariella
 * Lacrymaria (ciliate) • Lacrymaria olor • Dileptus anser
 * arracacha • Oenanthe javanica • Stenocalyx dysentericus • Eugenia candolleana
 * Momordica foetida • Momordica cymbalaria • Triadica cochinchinensis
 * Stone Louse

Physics, geology

 * monochromatic radiation
 * geomagnetic jerk
 * maskelynite • siderogel
 * viscous stress tensor • strain rate tensor
 * series and parallel springs
 * millimeter of mercury
 * mineral group • mineral variety

Inorganic

 * lead carbide • metallocarbohedryne • mercury(I) sulfide
 * nickel boride (disambiguation) • dinickel boride • trinickel boride
 * potassium tetrachloridocuprate(II) • potassium trichloridocuprate(II)
 * potassium ferrooxalate • copper(II) carbonate • silver(I) hyponitrite
 * iron(II) carbonate • green rust • iron(II)
 * cobalt(III) hydroxide • cobalt(III) chloride
 * molybdenum bronze • lithium molybdenum purple bronze
 * iodine monofluoride • hydrazinium azide • nitrogen trioxide
 * poly(dichlorophosphazene)
 * metasilicic acid • orthosilicic acid • pyrosilicic acid
 * sodium orthosilicate • sodium metasilicate• sodium pyrosilicate
 * pyrosilicate • tetrahydroxozincate
 * hypomanganate
 * decay technique
 * orthoborate • tetraboric acid • hexahydroborite
 * trisodium borate • sodium tetrahydroxyborate • sodium pentaborate
 * disodium enneaborate • trisodium pentaborate

Oxocarbons

 * graphite oxide
 * ethylene dione • tetracarbon dioxide • pentacarbon dioxide
 * 1,2-dioxetanedione • 1,3-dioxetanedione • carbon tetroxide
 * oxalic anhydride • dioxane tetraketone • hexaoxotricyclobutabenzene
 * tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone biscarbonate • tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone bisoxalate
 * hexahydroxybenzene triscarbonate • hexahydroxybenzene trisoxalate
 * benzoquinonetetracarboxylic dianhydride • ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
 * cyclobutanetetrone • cyclopentanepentone • cyclohexanehexone
 * decahydroxycyclopentane • dodecahydroxycyclohexane
 * benzotriyne • cyclocarbon

Oxocarbon acids, anions and salts

 * oxocarbon anion • pseudo-oxocarbon anion
 * hydrogenoxalate • potassium hydrogenoxalate
 * acetylenediol • deltic acid • croconic acid • rhodizonic acid
 * croconate blue • croconate violet • 2-(dicyanomethylene)croconate
 * 1,2-bis(dicyanomethylene)squarate • 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylene)squarate
 * acetylenedicarboxylic acid • acetylenedicarboxylate
 * hydrogenacetylenedicarboxylate • potassium hydrogenacetylenedicarboxylate
 * ethylenetetracarboxylic acid
 * benzoquinonetetracarboxylic acid • furantetracarboxylic acid
 * dihydroxymalonic acid • dioxosuccinic acid
 * iron(III) citrate
 * dicarbonate • tricarbonate
 * methanetetracarboxylate • peroxocarbonate • peroxodicarbonate

Phenols, quinones, and hydroxyquinones

 * benzenehexol
 * hydroxyquinone
 * hydroxybenzoquinone
 * hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone • 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone • tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone
 * hydroxynaphthoquinone
 * dihydroxynaphthoquinone • 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
 * 2,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione
 * 2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione
 * hexahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione • hexahydroxy-2,3-naphthalenedione
 * hydroxyanthraquinone
 * dihydroxyanthraquinone • 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone • 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone
 * trihydroxyanthraquinone
 * tetrahydroxyanthraquinone • quinalizarin (1,2,5,8)
 * rufigallol (1,2,3,5,6,7)
 * octahydroxyanthraquinone • Diazaquinone

Hydrocarbon molecules, ions, radicals

 * methylene bridge • methylidyne group • butylene
 * vinylene group • vinylidene group • aminomethyl group
 * trimethylenemethane • 2,3-dimethylpentane • pentadiene
 * methanium • methenium • triphenylcarbenium • ethanium • ethenium
 * tetramethylbutane • tetracyclopropylmethane • staffane
 * tetra-tert-butylmethane • tetra-tert-butyl-ethylene
 * cucurbitane • lanostane
 * 1.1.1-propellane • 2.2.2-propellane

Cucurbitane derivatives and other Momordica compounds

 * balsaminapentaol • balsaminol A • balsaminol B • cucurbalsaminol A • cucurbalsaminol B • karavilagenin E • lepidolide
 * momordicin • momordicin I • momordicin-28 • momordicine • momordicinin • momordicilin • momordenol • momordol
 * momordin (protein) • momordin (saponin)
 * charantin • charantoside • momordicoside • goyaglycoside • karaviloside
 * kuguaglycoside • neokuguaglucoside • kuguacin • endecaphyllacin • hemslecin
 * bryoamaride • brydioside • spinoside • khekadaengoside • datiscoside • scandenoside • perseapicroside

Other organic

 * geminal diol • cyanopolyyne • orthoacetic acid
 * trichloromethyl • trifluoromethoxy
 * L-deoxyribose • ribopyranose
 * triisopropylamine
 * oxatriquinacene
 * 1,2-dioxolane
 * formic anhydride • acetic formic anhydride • acetic oxalic anhydride • malonic anhydride
 * ethenone • 3-oxetanone • alpha-propiolactone • alpha-acetolactone
 * 3-Methyl-4-octanolide • cis-3-Methyl-4-octanolide • trans-3-Methyl-4-octanolide
 * trans-3-Methyl-4-decanolide
 * butylene carbonate • 1,2-butylene carbonate • trans-2,3-butylene carbonate • cis-2,3-butylene carbonate
 * 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-t-butyl-pentane-3-ol • 1,2,3,4,5-cyclopentanepentol
 * cyclohexanetetrol • 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetrol • 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetrol
 * 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran • 3,3,4,4-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran
 * 2,2,3,3-tetramethylsuccinic acid • 3,3,4,4-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione
 * octadecatrienoic acid • beta-eleostearic acid • trioxoglutaric acid
 * pentenoic acid • decenoic acid • decadienoic acid
 * guaiol • alpha-cadinol • delta-cadinol
 * dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene • Wanzlick equilibrium • 4-Methylimidazole
 * salpn ligand
 * 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole • hexahydroporphine • 2,2'-dipyrromethene
 * melon (chemistry) • melem • cyameluric acid • hydromelonic acid
 * cyclopentadienyl magnesium bromide • ferrioxalate
 * hexamethylcyclotrisilazane • 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5-trithiane
 * sucrose octapropionate
 * octachloropropane • 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexachloropropane
 * fat hydrogenation • enzymatic interesterification

Mathematics and computing

 * procedural parameter
 * linked data structure
 * opaque data type • rational data type • complex data type
 * Template:Data types
 * Mathcad syntax
 * fingerprint (computing) • Randomization function
 * snake oil (cryptography)
 * text segmentation • word segmentation
 * noise (signal processing) • multiplicative noise
 * geometric modeling
 * Pascal's theorem • Pappus's centroid theorem
 * Musselman's theorem • Goormaghtigh's theorem
 * Dao's six point circle • Dao's eight circles problem • Dao's six circumcenter theorem
 * Minkowski addition • superellipsoid • superegg • supertoroid
 * square root of a 2 by 2 matrix
 * semidiameter
 * cone (linear algebra) • convex cone • definite quadratic form
 * opposite ring • non-commutative ring

People and characters

 * Pierre Edouard Leopold Verger • Luis Enrique Sam Colop • Maurice Vidal Portman
 * Monteiro Lobato • Antônio Houaiss • Gerolf Steiner • Henri Vernes
 * Hugh Nevill • Jacqui Wood • Manuel Teixeira • Antoine Cassar • Mike Schertzer
 * Lucy Seki • Álvaro Penteado Crósta
 * Anatolii Alexeevitch Karatsuba • Yuri Petrovich Ofman • Eberhard Melchior
 * Stefano Levialdi Ghiron • Leroy Milton Kelly • Fred W. Glover • Robert John Jenkins Junior
 * Masaaki Kimura • Arthur Roberts (physicist) • Louis Firth Nafis
 * Alan Roland • Arindam Chakrabarti • Keren Madora Everett • Swami Atmajnanananda
 * Johann Florian Heller • Ernest Tytus Bandrowski • Hans-Werner Wanzlick • Thomas J. Kealy
 * Fulvio Cacace • James Holmes Sturdivant
 * Harry R. Allcock • Guy Bertrand (chemist) • Michael K. Denk • Nicolas-Jean-Baptiste-Gaston Guibourt
 * Eberhard_Melchior_(naturalist) • Martin Schaffner (pharmacist)
 * Edward Kelley • Johannes Marcus Marci • Jacobus Sinapius • Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky
 * John of Cornwall • Bernard de la Monnoye • Viktorin Hallmayer
 * Giuseppe Viscovich • Biagio Marin • Angelo Beolco • Tifi Odasi
 * Imam Abu Abdullah al-Qurtabi • Jacques de La Palice &bull. Melchior Nunes Barreto
 * José Arigó • Alex Orbito • Edson Queiroz • Rubens Farias Jr. • William Frederick Koch
 * Izalene Tiene • Antonio da Costa Santos
 * Quino • Bill Tidy
 * Irving Joshua Matrix • Daedalus (Ariadne) • Malba Tahan • Beremiz Samir
 * Alley Oop • Topo Gigio

Books, movies, music, strips, poems

 * Corriere dei Piccoli
 * Sleeper (movie)
 * Canace (play) • Deuce Coup • The Talents (play)
 * In a Grove
 * Carmen Possum • The Motor Bus (poem) • The Nasobame • The Song of la Palice
 * Macaronea (Tifi Odasi poem) • Maid of Athens, ere we part (George Byron)
 * Un Coup de Dés Jamais N'Abolira Le Hasard (Mallarmé)
 * Alchemy (Margaret Mahy book)
 * The Legend of the Realm of Light • The Warlock • The Alley Man • The Goblin Reservation
 * Les géants de Mu • Les tours de cristal
 * The Fabulous Philosopher's Stone (Disney comics)
 * Grimbledon Down
 * Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole Manuscript
 * Gramática do Kamaiurá, Língua Tupi-Guarani do Alto Xingu
 * Math Suks (song) • Papa Nero (song)
 * Yutang Tabonon • Marcia Trionfale (Hallmayer)
 * Choke (music collective) • Pitura Freska
 * gaita (music style)
 * Alley Oop (football)
 * herbal

Archaeology, history, geography

 * Indigenous people of Brazil • American Aborigines (disambiguation)
 * Guaycuru peoples • Kadiweu people
 * Kora people • Kari people
 * Minatogawa Man • Yamashita Cave Man • Pinza-Abu Cave Man
 * Gavà Mines
 * Carchemish • Tikunani • Tunip-Tessup
 * Yonaguni Monument • Lendu Plateau
 * Vainakh medieval towers
 * Holy Ampulla
 * Brazilian currency
 * Hittites in the Bible
 * Vila Carrão, São Paulo • Tapiitawa
 * Lanskroun, Czech Republic • Bruguers
 * Mount Grappa • Crocetta • Montello (TV), Italy
 * Gabral Valley • Lake Kharkhari
 * Hi-yi-yi
 * Ramnagar, Diglipur • Kadamtala, Andaman
 * Wulikare, South Sudan • Lado Koda, South Sudan • Rija, South Sudan • Mount Lado, South Sudan
 * Kpandroma

 * Chak Korra Sadat, Fatehpur • Charul Kora, Sivasagar • Chaul Kora, Sivasagar • Khar-Khori, Sivasagar
 * Kharkhari, Rajshahi • Kora Amanikere, Tumakuru • Kora Jahanabad, Fatehpur • Kora Khargi, Sitamarhi
 * Kora, Bardhaman • Kora, Bharuch • Kora, Kendrapara • Kora, Tumakuru
 * Kora, Wardha • Korha, Katihar • Korra Bujurg, Banda • Korra, Jehanabad
 * Korra, Muzaffarpur • Korra, Pashchimi Singhbhum • Korra, Patna • Korra, Visakhapatnam
 * Toyaguda, Adilabad

 * Korha (disambiguation) • Khori (disambiguation)
 * North Brother Island, India • South Brother Island, India
 * North Cinque Island • South Cinque Island • Bluff Island (Andaman)
 * The Sisters (Andaman) • West Sister Island (Andaman) • East Sister Island (Andaman)
 * North Brother Island, Connecticut • South Brother Island, Connecticut
 * Rukan Islands • Pandang Island • Salahnama Island
 * Little Iyu Island • Great Iyu Island • Little Karimun
 * Middle Brother Islet, Queensland • Rocher Siyyan • Siyyan Himar
 * Wooden Boy Island

 * Damanese Portuguese-Indian Association • La Magwit
 * Portuguese Settlement, Malacca
 * Taurus Molecular Cloud 1
 * Kōda River (Kōchi) • Kōda River, Aichi, Japan
 * Koda River, South Sudan • Koda River, D. R. Congo • Koda River (Russia)

 * academic lineage • instrumentum domesticum

 * Mardijker people • Kristang people • Mestiços (Sri Lanka)
 * British Kaffraria • South Africa Kaffir people
 * Cape Krio • Krio River
 * Louisiana Creole people • Belizean Kriol people
 * Criollo peoples

 * DEC Systems Research Center • Bombril
 * Fluminense Federal University
 * Accademia degli Infiammati
 * Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit • Canadian Economic Development Assistance for South Sudan
 * Celobar incident (Brazil, 2003)

Religions, mythology, spiritualism

 * Candomblé Jejé • Candomblé Bantu • psychic surgery • cowrie-shell divination
 * vade retro satana • presto (incantation)
 * Saci (Brazilian folklore)
 * list of alchemists

Linguistics

 * perverb
 * mass lexical comparison

 * Urartian language • Amerind languages • Venetic language • Quiché language
 * Gutian language
 * Svan language • Megrelian language • Laz language
 * North Caucasian languages • Northwest Caucasian languages • Northeast Caucasian languages
 * Niger-Kordofanian languages • Manding languages • Andi languages
 * Krumen language

 * Dutch-based creole languages • French-based creole languages
 * English-based creole languages • German-based creole languages
 * Arabic-based creole languages • Ngbandi-based creole languages
 * Merico language
 * Brava Crioulo language • São Vicente Crioulo language
 * Santo Antão Crioulo language
 * Upper Guinea Kriol language • Bidau Portuguese language
 * Diu Indo-Portuguese language • Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese language
 * Portugis language • Papia Tugu language
 * Cafundó language
 * Krio • Krio Dayak language • Keriu language
 * Murut • Murutic languages • Tagol Murut language
 * Iban

 * kaffir (disambiguation)

Food and drink

 * cauim • feijoada • papo de anjo • quindim • curau
 * shochu • purée • smetana cream • rock cake

Tools, gadgets, concoctions

 * soot
 * stillingia tallow
 * iron-gall nut ink • chasers pitch • dopping cement • scouring powder
 * electroless copper plating • immersion zinc plating
 * Dakin's solution
 * hand drill • bow drill • fire drill (tool) • pump drill • earth auger
 * shaker (laboratory) • cover slip • Babcock bottle • culture plate • Drigalski spatula
 * film recorder • graphical output device • video projector
 * choke valve • bed warmer • fiasco (bottle)
 * Egg of Columbus (mechanical puzzle) • Egg of Columbus (tangram puzzle) • egg of Li Chun
 * screentone • digital printing • filter (photography)
 * microlithography
 * monochrome outfit
 * SACI-2

Biology

 * guava • cassava • collard greens
 * Trigona (genus)
 * Chromohalobacter beijerinckii
 * Etruscan Pygmy Shrew • Tomato Clownfish
 * Rhinogradentia

Physics, chemistry, geology

 * black hole

Mathematics and computing

 * verbal arithmetic

 * centroid • surface of revolution • solid of revolution
 * cone • conical surface • ruled surface
 * barycentric subdivision
 * aliasing* • signal reconstruction* • false-color image
 * affine arithmetic
 * brute-force search • backtracking • branch and bound • divide and conquer algorithm
 * simulated annealing • metaheuristic
 * hash function • data structure
 * abstract data type record (computer science) • set (computer science)
 * 2D geometric model
 * subroutine
 * /dev/null • interface (computer science) • array slicing

Gadgets, tools and concoctions

 * hammer
 * wingspan • marble • paper marbling
 * birch bark
 * gazebo
 * alcohol as a fuel
 * henohenomoheji

Food and drink

 * cachaça • boiled pasta

People

 * Joseph H. Greenberg
 * Pseudo-Geber • Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan
 * Sperone Speroni • John Dee • Júlio César de Mello e Souza
 * Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira • Adoniran Barbosa

Linguistics

 * Portuguese alphabet • Portuguese language • Portuguese grammar • Portuguese dialects
 * Vietnamese alphabet • alphabets derived from the Latin
 * Portuguese language • Makasar language • Venetian language
 * Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese language
 * Kamayurá language • Pirahã language
 * comparative method
 * macaronic

Archaeology, history, geography

 * Ebla • Urartu • Hurrians • Habiru
 * Ötzi the Iceman • Dead Sea scrolls
 * Xerox Alto • CamelCase
 * Crocetta del Montello
 * pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
 * Pre-Siberian American Aborigines
 * Peter I of Brazil • Colonial Brazil
 * Vargeão Dome • Araguainha crater • Serra da Cangalha

Religions, legends, spiritualism

 * alchemy • philosopher's stone
 * Abrahamic religion • Candomblé • Candomblé Ketu
 * exorcism • exorcist • spiritual possession

Books, movies, music

 * Popol Vuh • Voynich Manuscript • The Man Who Counted
 * Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
 * list of fictional brands

Food and drink

 * alcoholic beverage • recreational drug use • chicha
 * Nanakusa-no-sekku • cassava-based dishes

Biology

 * capybara • agouti • acouchi • Dasyproctidae
 * Bumblebee Bat • dragonfly
 * mint
 * Cuban Criollo (horse)

Archaeology, history, geography

 * State University of Campinas • University of São Paulo
 * Empire of Brazil • History of Brazil

 * Petrópolis • Campinas
 * Teresina • São Luís • Salvador • Porto Velho • Porto Alegre
 * São Paulo (city) • Manaus • João Pessoa • Belo Horizonte • Belém
 * Fuchu, Hiroshima (city) • Chianti

 * Native Americans • Native American name controversy • Burgher people
 * Quiché • Kamayurá people • Abipón people
 * Hittites • Hattians

 * Creole peoples
 * Sierra Leone Krio people • Aku people • Iban people • Murut people

 * Maharashtrian Konkanastha Brahmins • Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)

 * history of the farthing • diffusion (anthropology)

 * Quiksilver
 * Translink • TransLink (British Columbia) • Translink (Northern Ireland)

Religion, mythology, spiritualism

 * Mithraism • Mithras • Mithra • Mitra
 * Yoruba mythology • Itan
 * Spiritism • Kardecist Spiritism • Sabbath (witchcraft) • syncretism
 * Kali's Child • Views on Ramakrishna • Ramakrishna's samadhi
 * Mu (lost continent)
 * Order of Our Lady of the Good Death
 * Hinduism

 * angel • archangel • hierarchy of angels • demonic hierarchy • seraph • cherub
 * Azrael • Remiel • Raguel • Sariel • Uriel • Gabriel (angel) • Michael (angel)
 * Iron-crutch Li
 * pyramid power • Satanism • snake oil • spoon bending

People

 * Alberto Santos-Dumont • Marco Polo • Blaise Pascal
 * Peter II of Brazil
 * Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi • Jafar Sadiq
 * Jára Cimrman
 * Al-Farabi • George Hall • Jack Little • Akutagawa Ryunosuke

Linguistics

 * Hattic language • Hittite language • Occidental language • Lezgi language
 * Hurro-Urartian languages
 * languages of the Caucasus • Caucasian • Caucasian race
 * Iberian-Caucasian languages • South Caucasian languages • Alarodian languages
 * Niger-Congo languages
 * creole language • Portuguese-based creole languages
 * Creole • Krio • Kriol • Kreyol • Kreol
 * Gullah • Gullah language
 * Daman Indo-Portuguese language • Kristang language • Macanese language
 * Principense language • Annobonese language • Angolar language
 * Forro • Forro language
 * Papiamentu • Juba Arabic language • Fanagalo • Tetum language
 * Sierra Leone Krio language • Belizean Kriol language • Liberian Kreyol language
 * Aku language • Iban language
 * Capeverdean Crioulo languages

 * Esperanto as an international language
 * Guaraní alphabet

 * morphosyntactic alignment • language isolate
 * synchronic • diachronic
 * ciao

Books, music

 * Three Little Pigs • Big Bad Wolf
 * manga
 * epic poetry • Hebrew and Jewish epic poetry • Indian epic poetry
 * list of Latin phrases • list of Latin proverbs

Mathematics

 * sigmoid • sigmoid function
 * Euler's totient function • radius• conic section
 * mapping • map (mathematics) • mapping (mathematics)
 * rotational invariance • interval (mathematics)
 * scalar • scalar (physics) • scalar (mathematics)
 * definite bilinear form
 * function (mathematics) • binary relation
 * injective function • bijective function • surjective function
 * ellipse
 * mean anomaly • eccentric anomaly • true anomaly
 * Cartesian coordinate system • polar coordinate system • spherical coordinate system • cylindrical coordinate system

Physics, chemistry, electronics

 * filter • filter (signal processing) • RC time constant • transfer function • frequency response • equalization filter
 * filter (chemistry)
 * marsh gas • sulfur • tetra-ethyl lead •
 * butane • pentane • hexane
 * propellane • 1.1.1-Propellane • 2.2.2-Propellane • 1,3-dehydroadamantane
 * pyrolysis • combustion • ethanol
 * neutrino • solar neutrino problem
 * ecology • environment • environmental movement • social environment • natural environment
 * sial (disambiguation)

Computing

 * interface • Ook! programming language
 * linked list • doubly-linked list
 * image • digital image • color image • segmentation • segmentation (image processing) • image processing • image analysis
 * mathematical morphology • morphological image processing
 * signal (information theory)
 * 2D computer graphics
 * channel coding • moiré pattern
 * checksum • hash function • cryptographic hash function
 * hash table • Jenkins hash function • dynamic perfect hashing • collision (computer science)
 * Graph (data structure) •

Gadgets, tools, concoctions

 * proof coinage • fiasco • stream • chateau
 * icon • crucifixion • hymn
 * choke • anvil • ribbon • rebar
 * sign • symbol • skull and crossbones • list of common symbols
 * marbling • faux marbling

Miscellaneous

 * it
 * pig (disambiguation) • PIG (band)
 * cosmopolitan (disambiguation) • cosmopolitan

Other edits

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Stolfi Stolfi

title: User:Jorge Stolfi


text:
Man on the Clapham omnibus

The man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical ordinary and reasonable person, used by the courts in English law where it is necessary to decide whether a party has acted as a reasonable person would – for example, in a civil action for negligence. The character is a reasonably educated, intelligent but nondescript person, against whom the defendant's conduct can be measured.

The term was introduced into English law during the Victorian era, and is still an important concept in British law. It is also used in other Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, sometimes with suitable modifications to the phrase as an aid to local comprehension. The route of the original "Clapham omnibus" is unknown but London Buses route 88 was briefly branded as "the Clapham Omnibus" in the 1990s and is sometimes associated with the term.

History
The phrase was reportedly first put to legal use in a judgment by Sir Richard Henn Collins MR in the English Court of Appeal libel case McQuire v. Western Morning News (1903). He attributed the phrase to Lord Bowen and used it in a negative sense: "One thing, however, is perfectly clear, and that is that the jury have no right to substitute their own opinion of the literary merits of the work for that of the critic, or to try the "fairness" of the criticism by any such standard. "Fair," therefore, in this collocation certainly does not mean that which the ordinary reasonable man, "the man on the Clapham omnibus," as Lord Bowen phrased it, the juryman common or special, would think a correct appreciation of the work; and it is of the highest importance to the community that the critic should be saved from any such possibility."

It may be derived from the phrase "Public opinion ... is the opinion of the bald-headed man at the back of the omnibus", a description by the 19th-century journalist Walter Bagehot of a normal London man. Clapham, in South London, was at the time a nondescript commuter suburb seen to represent "ordinary" London, and in the 19th century would have been served by horse-drawn omnibuses.

Lord Justice Greer used the phrase in Hall v. Brooklands Auto-Racing Club (1933) to define the standard of care a defendant must live up to in order to avoid being found negligent.

The use of the phrase was reviewed by the UK Supreme Court in Healthcare at Home Limited v. The Common Services Agency (2014), where Lord Reed said: "1. The Clapham omnibus has many passengers. The most venerable is the reasonable man, who was born during the reign of Victoria but remains in vigorous health. Amongst the other passengers are the right-thinking member of society, familiar from the law of defamation, the officious bystander, the reasonable parent, the reasonable landlord, and the fair-minded and informed observer, all of whom have had season tickets for many years.

2. The horse-drawn bus between Knightsbridge and Clapham, which Lord Bowen is thought to have had in mind, was real enough. But its most famous passenger, and the others I have mentioned, are legal fictions. They belong to an intellectual tradition of defining a legal standard by reference to a hypothetical person, which stretches back to the creation by Roman jurists of the figure of the bonus paterfamilias...

3. It follows from the nature of the reasonable man, as a means of describing a standard applied by the court, that it would be misconceived for a party to seek to lead evidence from actual passengers on the Clapham omnibus as to how they would have acted in a given situation or what they would have foreseen, to establish how the reasonable man would have acted or what he would have foreseen. Even if the party offered to prove that his witnesses were reasonable men, the evidence would be beside the point. The behaviour of the reasonable man is not established by the evidence of witnesses, but by the application of a legal standard by the court. The court may require to be informed by evidence of circumstances which bear on its application of the standard of the reasonable man in any particular case; but it is then for the court to determine the outcome, in those circumstances, of applying that impersonal standard.

4. In recent times, some additional passengers from the European Union have boarded the Clapham omnibus. This appeal is concerned with one of them: the reasonably well-informed and normally diligent tenderer."

Other related common law jurisdictions
The expression has also been incorporated in Canadian patent jurisprudence, notably Beloit v. Valmet Oy in its discussion of the test for obviousness.

In Australia, the "Clapham omnibus" expression has inspired the New South Wales and Victorian equivalents, "the man on the Bondi tram" (a now disused tram route in Sydney), "the man on the Bourke Street tram" (Melbourne), and "the ordinary person on the Belconnen omnibus" (Canberra).

In Hong Kong, the equivalent expression is "the man on the Shau Kei Wan tram".

title: Man on the Clapham omnibus


text:
List of 21st-century classical composers

This is a list of 21st-century classical composers, sortable by name, year of birth and year of death.

The list includes composers who have made classical music since 2001. The 21st century is defined by the calendar rather than by any unifying characteristics of musical style or attitude, and is therefore not an era of the same order as the classical or romantic. However, the century to date can be considered a continuation of the postmodern era that began during the 20th century and differs from the earlier modernist era in matters of attitude more than style.