text:
User talk:Nickinny

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here's some tips:
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page.

Other useful pages are: how to edit, how to write a great article, naming conventions, manual of style and the Wikipedia policies.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 23:58, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Malli Nath, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from http://www.jaintirths.com/general/19tir.htm. As a copyright violation, Malli Nath appears to qualify for speedy deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. Malli Nath has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GFDL, you can comment to that effect on Talk:Malli Nath. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Malli Nath, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikipedia. --Mak emi 23:30, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nickinny


text:
Stunt (album)

Stunt is the fourth full-length studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Barenaked Ladies. Their most successful album, it entered the US charts at No. 3 and sold over 4 million units by the end of its chart run. Its first single, "One Week" became the band's breakthrough single in the US market by hitting No. 1 (selling over 5 million copies). The song also reached No. 5 in the UK, and helped revitalize their career in the band's home country of Canada, where their fame had diminished since the days of their debut album Gordon. In addition, follow-up singles "It's All Been Done", "Alcohol" and "Call and Answer" were each successful to some degree.

Stunt is the first studio album to feature keyboardist/guitarist Kevin Hearn, who originally joined the band for the Born on a Pirate Ship tour in 1995. Shortly after the release of the album, Hearn was diagnosed with leukemia. He spent the Stunt tour receiving chemotherapy and was replaced by Chris Brown and Greg Kurstin in the interim.

Special edition and reissues
There was also a special edition of the album which contained the standard 13 tracks plus a second disc including two versions of "Brian Wilson" (the album version and the "2000" version), and live versions of "The Old Apartment", "Jane", "When I Fall", "If I Had $1000000" and "Straw Hat and Old Dirty Hank".

The album was released on vinyl June 2, 2015.

In 2018, Rhino Records announced a 20th Anniversary Edition to be released digitally on July 6, 2018, as well as physical copies on September 28, 2018. However, the date was pushed back to October 19, 2018. The physical forms come in a vinyl and a CD/DVD set. The DVD is the documentary for Barenaked In America, which was never previously released in North America. The album also contains the bonus tracks "She's On Time" and "Long Way Back Home". The CD version also adds "Get In Line", which appeared on the soundtrack to King of the Hill.

Personnel
Adapted from the Stunt booklet.

Barenaked Ladies
 * Jim Creeggan – electric bass (2, 6, 11), violin (5) , electric double bass (1, 13) , cello (7, 11) , background vocals (2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) , double bass (3, 4,  5,  7, 8, 9, 10, 12) , arco bass (11) , handclaps (8) , acoustic double bass (13)
 * Kevin Hearn – organ (8), synthesizer (6, 7, 11) , banjo (4) , piano (6, 7, 12) , accordion (4) , electric guitar (1, 5, 8, 11) , keyboards (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13) , electric piano (3) , background vocals (2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12) ,  clavinet (10) , melodica (8) , sampling (13) , wah wah guitar (5) , handclaps (8)
 * Steven Page – acoustic guitar (2, 3, 4, 13), electric guitar (2, 6, 10) ,  background vocals (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11) , flute (10) , piano (11) , lead vocals (2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13) , phat drumz guy (9) , co-lead vocals (12) , handclaps (8)
 * Ed Robertson – acoustic guitar (all but 4), electric guitar (all but 13) , percussion (12) , background vocals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 13) , lead vocals (3, 5, 9, 10, 11) , co-lead vocals (12) , dans la maison (1) , invisible rap (6) , "Employee of the Month-July 1985" (9) , handclaps (8)
 * Tyler Stewart – percussion (2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13), bongos (6, 8) ,  drums (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) , background vocals (2, 9, 10) , dans la maison (1) , snare drums (12) , handclaps (8)

Additional personnel
 * Colin Alexander – scratching (9)
 * Pierre "French Pete" Tremblay – background vocals (10)
 * Natasha Hébert – Parlez Français (2)
 * Sue Drew – Expert Violin Tuning (5)
 * "Party" recorded live at Jimmy C's birthday (6)
 * "Hala Hala Hala" sampled by Don Garbutt (10)

Production
 * Producers – Barenaked Ladies, David Leonard, Susan Rogers
 * Engineers – David Leonard, Susan Rogers
 * Assistant engineers – Charlie Brocco, Femio Hernández, Boo Macleod, Kevin Szymanski
 * Mixing – David Leonard, Tom Lord-Alge
 * Mastering – Stephen Marcussen
 * Design – John Rummen
 * Photography – Jay Blakesberg
 * Artwork – John Rummen

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stunt (album)


text:
Westchester, Los Angeles

Westchester is a neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles and the South Bay Region of Los Angeles County, California.

It is home to Los Angeles International Airport, Loyola Marymount University, Otis College of Art and Design, and Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools (formerly Westchester High School).

Geography
The main part of Westchester is bordered by Playa Vista and Culver City on the north, Inglewood and Lennox on the east, Hawthorne on the southeast, Del Aire and El Segundo on the south and Playa del Rey on the west. It includes all of the Los Angeles International Airport. There is also a two-block-wide shoestring district that runs from the intersection of Centinela Avenue and La Cienega Boulevard north to 63rd Street and then east to Overhill Avenue, where it links with the Hyde Park neighborhood.

The main neighborhood's boundary lines are, generally, on the east: north-south on La Cienega Boulevard or the Inglewood city line; on the south: east-west on the city boundary with El Segundo or Imperial Highway; on the west: north-south on Pershing Drive and Westchester Parkway, then roughly north-south on a series of residential streets west of Westchester High School to the Playa Vista neighborhood.

History
Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming-friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as the Los Angeles Airport was then known), the move of then Loyola University to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester was built with the intention of housing members of the working class. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the eventing equestrian event for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

In the late 1930s, real estate magnate Fritz Burns and his partner Fred W. Marlow developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single-family homes on the site of a former hog farm at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew as the aerospace industry boomed in World War II and afterward. A Los Angeles Times article in 1989 described the development as "a raw suburb", "created willy-nilly in the 1940s".

The area was predominantly residential. When the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949.

The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a program of purchasing and condemning houses from noise-weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets demolished. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents. The 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposed another move of the north runway into Westchester; local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose.

In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the north runway was safe and should stay as it is. That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal.

Home prices rose 25 percent in 2013–14 while most southern California communities were recovering much more slowly. A major factor has been the influx of technology companies (including Hulu, Google, and Snap, Inc.) in Playa Vista as the Silicon Beach phenomenon in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar ranch-style houses into larger two-story homes. The Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the San Diego Freeway. Development continued until by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of office space (1300000 sqft) in high-rise buildings, 3,200 apartments, and an updated, renovated shopping mall.

Since 2013, The cost of living in Westchester has continued to increase. In April 2017, the median sales price for single-family homes in April was $1.21 million - a 27% increase from a year prior.

Population
A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchester's 10.81 square miles, according to the 2010 U.S. census, and that figure included the uninhabited acreage of the Los Angeles International Airport—resulting in a density of 3,652 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities in the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. The median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the county's highest.

In 2010 Non-Hispanic whites made up 61.1% of the population, Blacks 14.2%, Asians 12.0%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders 0.3%, and others (including two or more races) at 11.9%. Those who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 18.2%.

In 2010, the mean family income for the area was $135,026 and the median family income was $106,302, both numbers high for the city. The percentage of families that earned more than $100,000 a year was 53.5%. Renters occupied 48.2% of the housing units, and homeowners occupied the rest. The average household size was 2.3 people, considered low for the city and county. The percentages of divorced men (8.6%) and divorced women (11.9%) were among the county's highest.

The 2000 census counted 3,055 military veterans, 9.2% of the population, considered a high percentage for the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county.

German and Irish were the most common ancestries according to the 2000 census. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common foreign places of birth.

Local government
Los Angeles Fire Department Station 5 is in Westchester.

Los Angeles Police Department operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood.

Los Angeles Public Library operates the Westchester-Loyola Village Library, at 7114 W. Manchester Avenue, 90045, as a community library offering free online access, programming and information for all ages.

Los Angeles World Airports has its headquarters on the property of Los Angeles International Airport.

The Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation operates the West Los Angeles District Refuse Collection Yard, at 2027 Stoner Avenue, 90025, which provides residential refuse collection to Westchester for all residences four units and under.

County, federal, and state representation
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester.

The United States Postal Service Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard. The United States Postal Service Airport Station is located at 8821 Aviation Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009-9997.

Education
About 51.7% of Westchester's residents had completed a bachelor's degree or higher by 2010, a high figure when compared with the city and the county at large. The percentage of the residents who held a master's degree or a doctorate was also high for the county.

Postsecondary

 * Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive
 * Otis College of Art and Design, 9045 Lincoln Boulevard
 * Pepperdine University West Los Angeles Campus, 6100 Center Drive

Secondary and elementary
The schools within Westchester's boundaries are: Middle Elementary
 * Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools, LAUSD secondary, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
 * Permanently closed: The Incubator School, LAUSD, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
 * Westchester-Emerson Community Adult School, LAUSD, 8810 Emerson Avenue
 * WISH Academy High School 9-12, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045
 * Bright Star Secondary Charter Academy, 5431 West 98th Street
 * Permanently closed: Carousel, private K–12 special education, 7899 La Tijera Boulevard
 * Orville Wright Middle School, 6550 West 80th Street
 * Katherine Johnson STEM Academy, 8701 Park Hill Dr. Los Angeles, CA 90045
 * WISH Community School 6-8, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045
 * Cowan Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 7615 Cowan Avenue
 * Kentwood Elementary School, LAUSD, 8401 Emerson Street
 * Loyola Village Elementary School, LAUSD, 8821 Villanova Avenue
 * Open Magnet Charter Elementary School, LAUSD, 5540 West 77th Street
 * St. Anastasia Elementary School, private, 8631 South Stanmoor Drive
 * St. Jerome Elementary School, private, 5580 Thornburn Street
 * Visitation Elementary School, private, 8740 South Emerson Avenue
 * Westchester Lutheran School, private, 7831 Sepulveda Boulevard
 * Westport Heights Elementary School, LAUSD, 6011 West 79th Street
 * WISH Charter Elementary School, 6550 W 80th St, Los Angeles, CA 90045 (at Orville Wright Middle School)

As of 2014 the Wiseburn School District allows parents in Westchester to send their children to Wiseburn schools on inter-district transfers.

Parks and recreation
The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts. The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool renovated in 2010. The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts. A skate park is also located in the recreation center. The Westchester Golf Course is located just east of the recreation center.

The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200-person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20-person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage. The 8 acre Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991, Los Angeles World Airports planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.

Architecture
Pann's restaurant, at 6710 La Tijera Boulevard, is "probably the best-preserved example" of the Googie-style architecture developed by Eldon Davis. Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate-glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture", which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

The Theme Building is a structure at the Los Angeles International Airport which opened in 1961 and is another example of Googie architecture. It was said that the distinctive white building resembles a flying saucer that had landed on its four legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument (no.570) in 1993.

Notable people

 * Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme
 * Phil Hartman, actor, comedian, screenwriter and graphic artist
 * Susanne Marsee, opera singer
 * Pat Russell, politician
 * Danny Sugerman, music manager
 * The Turtles, 1960s rock band; 4 members attended Westchester High School.
 * Suicidal Tendencies, crossover thrash band from Venice; at least two of their former members were born and raised in Westchester.

title: Westchester, Los Angeles


text:
El Segundo

El Segundo most often refers to El Segundo, California.

El Segundo may also refer to:
 * El Segundo (horse)
 * El Segundo blue butterfly
 * El Segundo High School
 * El Segundo Unified School District
 * El Segundo (LACMTA station)
 * El Segundo Boulevard
 * El Segundo Freeway, name for Interstate 105 in California

title: El Segundo


text:
Wikipedia:Press releases/February 2004

If you distribute this press release, please protocol it on Press releases/Logbook.

Text Only Version

Press releases/How to send a press release

Wikipedia publishes 500,000 articles in 50 languages
February 25, 2004 (The Internet): Wikipedia (Wikipedia.org), a volunteer-created, multi-language encyclopedia, announced today that the project has reached a milestone of 500,000 articles, spread across 50 different languages.

More than 300,000 new articles were created in the last 12 months alone, making Wikipedia the world's largest and fastest-growing open content encyclopedia. Every day, another two thousand articles are added to this collaborative endeavour. All articles on Wikipedia can be edited and improved by anyone at any time. The English-language Wikipedia has also revamped the design of its front page and created a community portal to welcome new editors.

Presently, the greatest increase in growth is in the non-English editions, demonstrating the increasingly multilingual nature of the undertaking. In fact, there are now more articles in other languages combined than there are in English. Ten Wikipedia versions now have over 10,000 articles each (rounded to the nearest thousand):
 * English (213,000)
 * German (54,000)
 * Japanese (32,000)
 * French (28,000)
 * Polish (24,000)
 * Swedish (22,000)
 * Dutch (21,000)
 * Spanish (18,000)
 * Danish (16,000)
 * Esperanto (11,000)

An additional eighteen have more than 1,000 articles (rounded to the nearest hundred):
 * Italian (6,400)
 * Catalan (5,400)
 * Chinese (5,000)
 * Hebrew (4,700)
 * Romanian (4,600)
 * Slovenian (3,900)
 * Finnish (3,700)
 * Croatian (3,100)
 * Estonian (2,800)
 * Interlingua (2,600)
 * Norwegian (2,500)
 * Afrikaans (2,100)
 * Portuguese (2,000)
 * Latin (1,900)
 * Russian (1,600)
 * Walloon (1,300)
 * Czech (1,200)
 * Malay (1,100)

This surge in growth has, according to Alexa.com, resulted in Wikipedia.org surpassing Britannica.com, Infoplease.com and Encyclopedia.com in terms of its Internet traffic rank and has placed Wikipedia.org firmly within the top 1,000 websites that Alexa tracks.

"Wiki" principle enabled early, rapid growth
Wikipedia is a public WikiWikiWeb, where anyone can edit nearly any page at any time. Wiki wiki means "quick" in Hawaiian: no registration or special knowledge is required to participate. Users build upon one another's edits, working together even on sensitive issues, by trying to find a neutral point of view. Incorrectly edited pages are quickly repaired by others.

The Wikipedia project was founded in January 2001 by Internet entrepreneur Jimmy Wales and philosopher Larry Sanger. Bomis (bomis.com), an Internet web portal owned by Wales, supplied the financial backing and other support, while Sanger led the Wikipedia project during its first year, as a full-time paid editor. Since then it has operated mostly on consensus, using policies refined over time by its contributors.

The project has recently been transferred from Bomis to the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation (wikimediafoundation.org). Bomis still provides free bandwidth and basic server maintenance to Wikimedia.

Jimmy Wales comments that "Wikipedia owes its success to the presence of a strong core group of well-educated and articulate contributors from around the world who together maintain community standards of civility, quality and neutrality." Explaining one of the mechanisms to ensure that the article quality remains high, he said, "Participants all keep a watchful eye over the 'recent changes' page. They edit each other's work constantly." Even articles covering controversial topics can be worked on using this process.

The motivation of Wikipedians is very different, but all share a love of knowledge. "For years, I've been collecting old almanacs and encyclopedias," comments Oliver Brown, who writes under the nickname "Kingturtle". "To stumble on a thriving community devoted to sharing information gave me a tremendous thrill and a curious sense of relief."

Wikipedia has been the subject of articles in the news media, among them, The New York Times, MIT's Technology Review, and TIME magazine, as well as articles on high-profile technology websites such as Slashdot, Wired, and Kuro5hin. More recently, Wikipedia has been featured on news programs, such as National Public Radio's All Things Considered, and CNN's television program TechWatch. It is also increasingly being used as a reference source by students, journalists, organizations, and any other individual who needs a starting point for doing Internet research.

All Wikimedia content is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, which permits anyone to reuse Wikimedia content in any way they wish, including commercially, as long as they, too, pass on that right to others and credit the editors of the particular Wikimedia project as the source.

MediaWiki (mediawiki.org), the software that runs the various Wikimedia projects, is also available for free under the terms of the GNU General Public License, the same license used by the free GNU/Linux operating system. "The MediaWiki software is the best solution yet to the problem of easily creating and maintaining hypermedia," says Nicholas Pisarro, Jr. of Aperture Technologies, Inc. The company uses MediaWiki to run an internal knowledge base. "In the six weeks since it has been made available internally, it has already become an indispensable part of our development department's operation."

With edits being made every minute of every day, it is impossible to predict where Wikipedia and its sister projects will be one year from now. Thanks to the GNU licenses, however, one thing is certain: the content, and the software that serves it, will remain free.

Sister projects seek to emulate success
On June 20th 2003, the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation (wikimediafoundation.org) was created to manage and fund the operations of Wikipedia and its sister projects. These include:
 * Wiktionary, a multilingual dictionary and thesaurus (wiktionary.org)
 * Wikiquote, a compendium of famous quotations (wikiquote.org)
 * Wikibooks, a collection of e-book resources, aimed at the needs of students (wikibooks.org)
 * Wikisource, a repository of public domain historical documents and books (wikisource.org).

Since its first fundraising appeal in December 2003, the Wikimedia Foundation has raised nearly US$40,000 to support these projects, half of which has already been invested in infrastructure. See wikimediafoundation.org/fundraising for more information.

This press release was created collaboratively by Wikipedians from many different countries.

Additional information
For questions and interviews, please contact:

Jimmy Wales, Chairman, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (English only) Phone: (+1)-727-527-9776 Email: [mailto:jwales@bomis.com jwales@bomis.com]

Andrew Lih, Asia region press contact, Hong Kong, China (English, Chinese Putonghua) Phone: (+852)-9759-0220 Email: alih@hku.hk

Robert Merkel, Australian region press contact, Melbourne, Australia (English only) Phone: (+61)-425-712-883 Email: rgmerk@mira.net

For further background information, please see:
 * Wikipedia's article about Wikipedia
 * Wikipedia's article about Wikimedia
 * Wikipedia Statistics
 * Some responses to common criticisms of the WikiWiki concept
 * Selected articles that are considered to be well written and researched
 * A page tracking Wikipedia.org's Alexa ranking compared to other websites
 * Past press coverage of the project

''This press release was collaboratively drafted on the Wikimedia Foundation's wiki (meta.wikipedia.org - page history). Before its release it was edited 259 times by 37 different volunteer authors, and drafted in 18 different languages. The text of this press release is placed into the public domain.''

title: Wikipedia:Press releases/February 2004


text:
ISPW

The IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW) was a hardware digital audio workstation developed by IRCAM and the Ariel Corporation in the late 1980s. In French, the ISPW is referred to as the SIM (Station d'informatique musicale). Eric Lindemann was the principal designer of the ISPW hardware as well as manager of the overall hardware/software effort.

It consisted of up to three customized DSP boards that could be plugged into the expansion bus on a NeXT Computer (a "cube"). The ISPW could then run a customized real-time audio processing server on the hardware boards controlled by a client application on the NeXT.

Each ISPW card had two Intel i860 microprocessors (running at 80 MFLOPS). An additional card with eight channels of audio I/O was also available for multi-channel sound recording and playback. A three-board ISPW provided what was at the time unsurpassed signal processing and audio synthesis power on a single workstation. A single ISPW card cost approximately $12,000US (not including the computer), which made it prohibitively expensive outside of research institutes and universities.

And the I860 board :

The main server software developed by IRCAM for the ISPW was called FTS ("Faster Than Sound"). The main NeXT client application was a graphical program called Max, developed by Miller Puckette. A commercial version of Max (without the FTS server) was licensed by IRCAM to Opcode Systems (and, later, Cycling '74).

Max/FTS eventually migrated to a software-only application for SGI and DEC Alpha computers. It is the direct predecessor to jMax.

See also Pd.

title: ISPW


text:
Fiddlehead

Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds from a fledgling fern, harvested for use as a vegetable.

Left on the plant, each fiddlehead would unroll into a new frond (circinate vernation). As fiddleheads are harvested early in the season, before the frond has opened and reached its full height, they are cut fairly close to the ground.

Fiddleheads from brackens contain a compound associated with bracken toxicity, and thiaminase.

The fiddlehead resembles the curled ornamentation (called a scroll) on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle. It is also called a crozier, after the curved staff used by bishops, which has its origins in the shepherd's crook.

Varieties
The fiddleheads of certain ferns are eaten as a cooked leaf vegetable. The most popular of these are:

Fiddleheads' ornamental value makes them very expensive in the temperate regions where they are not abundant.
 * Bracken, Pteridium aquilinum, found worldwide (Toxic if not cooked fully)
 * Ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris, found in northern regions worldwide, and the central/eastern part of North America (See health warning)
 * Lady fern, Athyrium filix-femina, throughout most of the temperate northern hemisphere.
 * Cinnamon fern or buckhorn fern, Osmunda cinnamomea, found in the eastern parts of North America, although not so palatable as ostrich fern.
 * Royal fern, Osmunda regalis, found worldwide
 * Midin, or Stenochlaena palustris, found in Sarawak, where it is prized as a local delicacy
 * Zenmai or flowering fern, Osmunda japonica, found in East Asia
 * Vegetable fern, Athyrium esculentum, found throughout Asia and Oceania

Sources and harvesting

Available seasonally, fiddleheads are both foraged and commercially harvested in spring. When picking fiddleheads, it is recommended to take only one third the tops per plant/cluster for sustainable harvest. Each plant produces several tops that turn into fronds.

Culinary uses

Fiddleheads have been part of traditional diets in much of Northern France since the beginning of the Middle Ages, across Asia, and also among Native Americans for centuries. They are also part of the diet in the Russian Far East where they are often picked in the wild in autumn, preserved in salt over winter, and then consumed in spring.

Asian cuisine
In Indonesia, young fiddlehead ferns are cooked in a rich coconut sauce spiced with chili pepper, galangal, lemongrass, turmeric leaves and other spices. This dish is called gulai pakis or gulai paku, and originated from the Minangkabau ethnic group of Indonesia.

In the Philippines, young fronds of Diplazium esculentum or pakô is a delicacy often made into a salad with tomato, salted egg slices, and a simple vinaigrette dressing.

In East Asia, fiddleheads of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) are eaten as a vegetable, called kogomi (コゴミ) in Japan, gosari (고사리) in Korea, and juécài (蕨菜) in China and Taiwan.

In Korea, a typical banchan (small side dish) is gosari-namul (고사리나물), which consists of prepared fernbrake fiddleheads that have been sauteed. It is also a component of the popular dish bibimbap, yukgaejang, and bindae-tteok. In Jeju Island, southernmost island of South Korea, collecting it in April to May is a convention.

In Japan, bracken fiddleheads are a prized dish, and roasting the fiddleheads is reputed to neutralize any toxins in the vegetable. In Japan, fiddleheads of flowering fern (Osmunda japonica), known as zenmai (薇), as well as those of the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris), known as kogomi (コゴミ), are commonly eaten in springtime. Fiddleheads in Japan are considered sansai, or wild vegetables. They are also traditionally used to make warabimochi, a Japanese-style dessert.

Indian cuisine
In the Indian subcontinent, it is found in the Himalayan states of North and Northeast India. In the state of Tripura, it is known as muikhonchok in the Kokborok language. As part of the Tripuri cuisine; fiddlehead fern is prepared by stir frying as bhaja served as a side dish. In Manipur it is known as 'Chekoh' in the local Thadou language. It is usually eaten stir fried with chicken, eggs, prawns or other proteins.

In Mandi (Himachal Pradesh) it is called Lingad and used for vegetable pickling. In the Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh, it is known locally as and is used to make a pickle. In the Kangra Valley it is called in the Kangri dialect and is eaten as a vegetable. In Chamba it is known as "kasrod". In Kumaon division of Uttarakhand, it is called limbra. In Garhwal division of Uttarakhand, it is called and eaten as a vegetable. In Darjeeling and Sikkim regions, it is called (नियुरो) and is common as a vegetable side dish, often mixed with local cheese and sometimes pickled. In Southern regions of West Bengal it is known as dheki shaak or dheki shaag.

In Assam, it is known as (ঢেকীয়া শাক); there it is a popular side dish. In the area of Jammu in Jammu and Kashmir, it's known as kasrod (कसरोड). The most famous Dogra dish is kasrod ka achaar (fiddlehead fern pickle). In Poonch, it is known as 'Kandor'(कंडोर) in local language. In Kishtwar, it is known as (टेड) in the local language Kishtwari. It is also cooked as a dry vegetable side dish to be eaten with rotis or parathas. In Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir, it is called "DheeD" in Khah language.

Nepali cuisine
In Nepal, it is a seasonal food called (नियुरो) or niuro (निउरो). There are three varieties of fiddlehead most commonly found in Nepali cuisine, namely सेती निउरो having whitish green stem, काली निउरो having dark purple stem, and ठूलो निउरो having large green stems. It is served as a vegetable side dish, often cooked in local clarified butter. It is also pickled.

North American cooking
Ostrich ferns (Matteuccia struthiopteris), known locally as "fiddleheads", grow wild in wet areas of northeastern North America in spring. The Maliseet, Mi'kmaq, and Penobscot peoples of Eastern Canada and Maine have traditionally harvested fiddleheads, and the vegetable was introduced first to the Acadian settlers in the early 18th century, and later to United Empire Loyalists as they began settling in New Brunswick in the 1780s. Fiddleheads remain a traditional dish in these regions, with most commercial harvesting occurring in New Brunswick, Quebec and Maine, and the vegetable is considered particularly emblematic of New Brunswick. North America's largest grower, packer and distributor of wild fiddleheads established Ontario's first commercial fiddlehead farm in Port Colborne in 2006. Fiddlehead-producing areas are also located in Nova Scotia, Vermont and New Hampshire. The Canadian village of Tide Head, New Brunswick, bills itself as the "Fiddlehead Capital of the World."

Fiddleheads are sold fresh and frozen. Fresh fiddleheads are available in the market for only a few weeks in springtime, and are fairly expensive. Pickled and frozen fiddleheads, however, can be found in some shops year-round. The vegetable is typically steamed, boiled and/or sautéed before being eaten hot, with hollandaise sauce, butter, lemon, vinegar and/or garlic, or chilled in salad or with mayonnaise.

To cook fiddleheads, it is advised to remove the brown papery husk before washing in several changes of cold water, then boil or steam them. Boiling reduces the bitterness and the content of tannins and toxins. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention associated a number of food-borne illness cases with fiddleheads in the early 1990s. Although they did not identify a toxin in the fiddleheads, the findings of that case suggest that fiddleheads should be cooked thoroughly before eating. The cooking time recommended by health authorities is 15 minutes if boiled and 10 to 12 minutes if steamed. The cooking method recommended by gourmets is to spread a thin layer in a steam basket and steam lightly, just until tender crisp.

Māori cuisine
Māori people have historically eaten young fern shoots called pikopiko, which can refer to several species of New Zealand ferns.

Constituents
Fiddleheads are low in sodium, but rich in potassium.

Many ferns also contain the enzyme thiaminase, which breaks down thiamine. This can lead to beriberi, if consumed in extreme excess.

Further, there is some evidence that certain varieties of fiddleheads, e.g. bracken (Pteridium genus), are toxic. It is recommended to fully cook fiddleheads to destroy the shikimic acid. Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) is not thought to cause cancer, although there is evidence it contains a toxin unidentified as yet.

title: Fiddlehead


text:
Kids' WB

Kids' WB (stylized as Kids' WB!) was an American children's programming block that aired as part of The WB network from September 9, 1995, to September 16, 2006. Initially launched as a competitor to Fox Kids, Kids' WB aired during the Saturday morning and after-school time slots, although as an affiliate network the times and programming varied regionally. In 1997, the block gained its Warner Bros. studio lot backdrop.

In 1999, the block gained attention by airing 4Kids Entertainment's English-dub of the Pokémon anime, a previously syndicated series on Fox-affiliated stations, which went on to be highly successful. It followed this by airing programs such as Cardcaptors, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Astro Boy, MegaMan NT Warrior, and Viewtiful Joe. Kids' WB would also air Jackie Chan Adventures, Static Shock, The Zeta Project, Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island, Johnny Test, Loonatics Unleashed, and Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!.

The block moved to The CW (a result of the merger of Time Warner's The WB and CBS Corporation's UPN), where it aired from September 23, 2006, to May 17, 2008. After the block was discontinued, its Saturday morning programming slot was sold to 4Kids Entertainment and replaced by its successor block, The CW4Kids (later renamed Toonzai). An online version of Kids' WB featuring episodes of popular series was available from April 29, 2008, to May 17, 2015.

1995–1999: early years
Kids' WB launched in the United States on September 9, 1995, striving to compete against the dominance of Fox Kids at the time, and airing on Saturday mornings from 8:00 to 11:00 a.m. and Monday through Fridays from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. The block was structured to air in all time zones, airing on a tape delay outside of the Eastern Time Zone to adjust the recommended airtime of the block to each zone. However, during its first five years, an exact timeslot was not announced on-air, leaving viewers to check their local WB station listings; since the programs had different airtimes depending on the local WB affiliate schedule in the market. On September 7, 1996, the Saturday block was extended by one hour, airing from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

Although Kids' WB aired on almost all of The WB's affiliated stations (including those later affiliated with The WB 100+ Station Group), the network's Chicago affiliate WGN-TV – owned by The WB's co-parent, the Tribune Company – declined to carry the weekday and Saturday blocks. Instead, it opted to air its weekday and Saturday morning newscasts, (the first incarnation of the latter was canceled in 1998), another locally-produced programming (such as The Bozo Super Sunday Show) in the morning hours, and syndicated programming in the afternoons. Kids' WB programming instead aired on WCIU-TV. However, WGN's superstation feed carried the block from 1995 to 1999, making the network available to markets without a local affiliate. WGN-TV began clearing Kids' WB on its Chicago broadcast signal in 2004, taking over the local rights from WCIU-TV.

On September 1, 1997, a weekday morning block was added from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. and the weekday afternoon block was extended by one hour, running from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. However, WGN's superstation feed, as well as some WB affiliates, had to wait until the next day, as they preempted the blocks to carry The Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon. Some WB affiliates (such as WPIX in New York City, KTLA in Los Angeles and KWGN-TV in Denver, Colorado) aired the weekday morning block in conjunction with the weekday afternoon block, extending it to three hours, running from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. On the same date, the block received an on-air rebranding – which included a revised logo and graphics package centered upon the Warner Bros. Studios lot theme that was also used in promotions for The WB's primetime programming during the network's first eight years on the air – which was developed by Riverstreet Productions, and lasted until 2005.

1999–2006: introduction of anime
On February 13, 1999, Kids' WB made a breakthrough when the English dub of the anime series Pokémon by 4Kids Entertainment moved to the network from broadcast syndication. It became a major hit for the programming block, helping it beat Fox Kids with its animated lineup backed by Warner Bros. Other anime shows aired on Kids' WB in later years, such as Cardcaptors, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Astro Boy, MegaMan NT Warrior, and Viewtiful Joe.

In July 2001, Kids' WB's weekday afternoon lineup was rebranded as Toonami on Kids' WB, extending the Cartoon Network action-animated block Toonami to broadcast television, and bringing shows such as Sailor Moon, Dragon Ball Z, and The Powerpuff Girls to broadcast network television. However, the sub-block was critically panned by industry observers, who noticed that the action branding of the block - which had added shows such as Generation O!, Scooby-Doo, and The Nightmare Room, a live-action series created by Goosebumps author R. L. Stine - did not translate content-wise. And while the cross promotion between Cartoon Network and Kids' WB did allow for series to be shared between the networks, most of these only lasted a short period of time. This included Dragon Ball Z and Sailor Moon appearing on Toonami on Kids' WB for only two weeks, and Cardcaptors appearing on the main Toonami block on Cartoon Network for only two weeks. In spring 2002, Kids' WB announced that they would drop the Toonami name from their weekday lineup, once again making the Toonami brand exclusive to Cartoon Network.

On September 3, 2001, the Kids' WB weekday morning block was discontinued, with The WB giving that slot back to its local affiliates to carry locally-produced shows, syndicated programming and/or infomercials.

On May 31, 2005, The WB announced that the weekday afternoon Kids' WB block would be discontinued "at the request of the local affiliates," as it became financially unattractive due to the fact broadcast stations perceived that children's programming viewership on afternoon timeslots had gravitated more towards cable networks – these stations began to target more adult audiences with talk shows and sitcom reruns in the daytime. Kids' WB's weekday programming continued, but with redundant programming and theme weeks until December 30, 2005 (the block began to increasingly promote Cartoon Network, their afternoon Miguzi block, Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, and the Kids' WB Saturday morning lineup during the transition). The weekday afternoon Kids' WB block aired for the last time on December 30, 2005, and was replaced on January 2, 2006, by "Daytime WB", a more adult-targeted general entertainment block featuring repeats of sitcoms and drama series formerly seen on the major networks. As a result, the Saturday morning Kids' WB lineup that remained was extended by one hour on January 7, 2006, running from 7:00 a.m. to noon, no longer affected by time zone variances.

2006–2008: move to The CW and closure
On January 24, 2006, Warner Bros. Television (producer of Kids' WB and owner of the block's original broadcaster from 1995 to 2006, The WB) and CBS Corporation (owner of UPN and subsidiary of National Amusements who also owns film studio Paramount Pictures' parent company Viacom) announced that they would merge both The WB and UPN and into The CW, which would primarily air programs aired by its two soon-to-be predecessor networks as part of its initial lineup. The combined network utilized The WB's scheduling practices (inheriting the 30-hour weekly programming schedule that the network utilized at the time of the announcement) and brought the Kids' WB block, still run by Warner Bros. Television and maintaining the same name, to the new lineup (The CW's decision to use The WB's scheduling model was mainly due to the fact that it included children's and daytime programming blocks that were not offered by UPN, which had not aired any children's programming since the Disney's One Too block was discontinued in August 2003). Notably, during this time AOL-then a sister company to Warner Bros.-was the main sponsor of CBS' own Saturday morning block KOL Secret Slumber Party, but at no point did neither Kids' WB nor SSP advertise each other's programs-most likely because SSP was produced and operated by DIC Entertainment and was aimed at girls, as opposed to the boy-centric Kids' WB.

On October 2, 2007, The CW announced that it would discontinue the Kids' WB programming block through a joint decision between corporate parents Time Warner and CBS Corporation, due to the effects of children's advertising limits and cable competition; the network also announced that it would sell the five-hour Saturday programming slot to 4Kids Entertainment. The Kids' WB block aired for the final time on May 17, 2008 (for some stations that aired the block on a day-behind basis, the block's last airdate was on May 18, 2008).

On May 24, 2008, 4Kids launched The CW4Kids in place of Kids' WB. The lineup for the block consisted of 4Kids-produced shows, such as Chaotic, as well as new seasons of Yu-Gi-Oh! and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The official site, TheCW4Kids.com, officially launched on April 20, 2008. The block was renamed Toonzai on August 21, 2010, it was replaced by Vortexx (programmed by Saban Brands) on August 25, 2012, and it continued to air until it ended on September 27, 2014; the block that currently airs on The CW is One Magnificent Morning, which debuted on October 4, 2014.

2008–present: Online networks
On April 28, 2008, Warner Bros. Entertainment announced that The WB and Kids' WB brands would be relaunched as online networks, with the Kids' WB network consisting of five subchannels: Kids' WB! (for WB shows for kids and families), ''Kids' WB! Jr. (for shows for younger children), Scooby-Doo, Looney Tunes, and two different websites of DC Kids: DC HeroZone.com and DC Beyond.com'' (for action-oriented animated shows for DC fans). After the dissolution of In2TV, the Kids' WB online portal absorbed most of that service's children's programming. The service was significantly scaled back in 2013, with most of the archival content being removed. The archival content can be easily accessed through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine.

The site was split into 3 websites on May 17, 2015. These sites are: DCKids.com, LooneyTunes.com and ScoobyDoo.com. All three are grouped into WB Kids Sites. The decision to split the site into three ended, after almost twenty years, the use of the "Kids' WB!" brand name. Also, the WB Kids Sites got new YouTube channels: WB Kids for main Warner Bros. properties, and DC Kids for DC Comics properties. In July 2016, 2 of the 3 websites re-merged into "WBKids GO!". DCKids.com remains active until 2023. On December 14, 2023, the WBKids GO! and DC Kids websites appear to have been shut down; the links to their websites now redirect to the respective YouTube channels.

title: Kids' WB


text:
Maroon (Barenaked Ladies album)

Maroon is the fifth full-length studio album by Barenaked Ladies. The album was the follow-up to 1998's Stunt, the band's most successful album in the United States. Maroon debuted at No. 1 in Canada (their second to reach No. 1 after their 1992's debut Gordon) and No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard 200. In its first week, the album sold 17,800 copies in Canada and just under 128,000 in the U.S. It has sold at least 1 million copies in the U.S. alone. The album spawned three hit singles : "Pinch Me", "Too Little Too Late" and "Falling for the First Time".

Unlike past albums, the songs came almost entirely from the pairing of Page/Robertson. One track, "Baby Seat", was written by Page with longtime songwriting partner, Stephen Duffy. This was the last Page/Duffy track that Barenaked Ladies would release, starting a policy of keeping the writing within the band on their next album. "Hidden Sun", written while Hearn was in the hospital, appears as a hidden track on most copies of the album. As with each of their early albums, the band recorded one song, "Humour of the Situation", completely naked.

The band recorded 17 tracks for the album; Tracks recorded for this album but omitted from the finished record include: "Powder Blue" (appears on the US "Pinch Me" single), "Inline Bowline" (appears as an extra track on some international versions, and is on the Australian "Pinch Me" single), "Born Human" (appears on the Australian "Pinch Me" single, re-recorded for Hearn's album Night Light) and "Half a Heart" (re-recorded for the Barenaked Ladies Are Me sessions before the Maroon sessions version was later released on Stop Us If You've Heard This One Before!). "That's All, That's All" was also written for the album, and was later recorded for Page's The Vanity Project.

The album was the first Barenaked Ladies album released on DVD-Audio in a 5.1 surround sound mix. In 2020, a 20th Anniversary Edition was released digitally, and was announced for a vinyl release in early 2021. The 20th Anniversary Edition includes contains the three contemporary B-sides recorded for the album (not including "Half a Heart") as well as a demo version of "Falling for the First Time", and a previously unreleased "alternate" version of "Green Christmas". Also, "Hidden Sun" is separated into its own track.

Barenaked Ladies

 * Jim Creeggan – electric bass (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11), background vocals (1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12) , handclaps (1, 4) , violin (3, 11) , viola (3, 7, 11, 12) , baritone guitar (4) , glockenspiel (4) , electric double bass (6, 12) , double bass (4, 6, 7, 11) , arco double bass (12)
 * Kevin Hearn – organ (1, 2, 3, 8, 9), synthesizer (5, 6, 10, 12) , piano (2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) , accordion (2) , glockenspiel (7) , electric piano (3, 4) , background vocals (1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12) , clavinet (1, 2) , handclaps (1) , sampling (1, 2, 7, 9, 12) , baritone guitar (7) , vocoder (8) , electric guitar (11) , keyboards (7, 11) , melodica (11) , lead vocals (13)
 * Steven Page – lead vocals (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), background vocals (1, 3, 5, 6) , electric guitars (all) , acoustic guitar (11) , flute (12) , recorder (11)
 * Ed Robertson – lead vocals (3, 5), background vocals (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) , acoustic guitar (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) , electric guitar (all) , tambourine (10) , 12-string guitar (11) , handclaps (1, 4) , wah-wah guitar (6) , cabasa (10) , mandolin (11) , banjo (12)
 * Tyler Stewart – castanets (7), drums (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11) , tambourine (1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11), bells (11) , handclaps (1) , timpani (7, 12) , cowbell (6) , wah wah shaker (6) , background vocals (4, 5) , 808 drums (10) , drum kit (10) , shaker (11) , snare drum (12) , cymbal (12)

Additional personnel

 * Jim Scott – vocals
 * Roberto "Tiny" Menegoni – percussion
 * Party in Studio 3 – Sweet Pea Atkinson, Jane Oppenheimer, Jen Hilliard, and Jim Scott (track 2)
 * Sean Cullen and the male cast of "Shave It" (track 7)
 * Major Scale courtesy of Chris Brown (track 9)
 * Jono Abrams – Faxed thumbs-up (track 12)

Production

 * Don Was – producer
 * Jim Scott – engineer
 * Jen Hiller - assistant engineer
 * Katy Teasdale – assistant engineer
 * Michael Scotella - additional engineer
 * Brian Gardner - mastering

title: Maroon (Barenaked Ladies album)


text:
Zomba, Malawi

Zomba is a city in southern Malawi, in the Shire Highlands. It is the former capital city of Malawi.

It was the capital of first British Central Africa and then Nyasaland Protectorate before the establishment of Malawi in 1964. It was also the first capital of Malawi and remained so until 1974, when Lilongwe became the capital. The Parliament remained even longer, until 1994. The city is best known for its British colonial architecture and its location at the base of the dramatic Zomba Plateau. Zomba is also the home of Chancellor College of the University of Malawi.

History
The town's British colonial past is reflected in the architecture of its older buildings and homes. Zomba was once a hub for expatriates in Malawi. Its diverse cultural mix included British tobacco farmers and Dutch, German and U.S. emissaries. The British also established Sir Harry Johnston Primary School. The Zomba Gymkhana Club was once the focus for social activity in the expatriate community. However, in recent years, the club's appearance and reputation have been in decline. The Zomba Gymkhana Club was where the Malawi Rock Shandy was created by the head barman Shadrack in the 1960s. Next to the old parliament building is the botanical garden, which was established by the British, as well as the golf course in the city centre. At the southern entrance to the city, the King's African Rifles memorial is positioned right next to the M1.

During British rule, Zomba served as capital under British Central Africa and later the Nyasaland Protectorate. It became capital of independent Malawi from 1964 to 1975.

Economy
Zomba is the centre for the tobacco and dairy farms of the surrounding area, which also produces rice, corn (maize), fish, and softwoods. Timber is extracted from the nearby plateau.

A market can be found in the town centre, where farmers from surrounding villages sell their products, as well as secondhand clothes and basic consumer goods. Also fresh and dried fish from Lake Malawi and Lake Chilwa are sold. Local supermarkets, such as Peoples Trading Company, Metro and Shoprite are located near the bus depot. A dozen, mainly Indian- and Chinese-owned, shops sell imported clothes, electrical appliances, bicycles and other basic goods. Along the M1, several filling stations can be found. National Bank of Malawi, NBS savings Bank, Standard Bank and Opportunity Bank International as well as the Malawian Post have branches in the city.

Zomba Hospital is an important employer and one of the biggest hospitals in the country.

Zomba Central Prison was built in 1935, and is the only maximum-security prison in Malawi.

Tourism
The main attraction in Zomba is the Zomba Plateau. Activities offered include rock climbing, birdwatching, fishing and mountain-biking. The Ku Chawe Inn, situated right on the edge of the plateau, is the most luxurious hotel in the area. Tourists also can sleep in log houses or camp at the trout farm. Within the town, two backpacker hostels and several lodges, ranging from basic to mid-class, are open for guests. A craft market provides locally made souvenirs.

University of Malawi
Chancellor College, the largest of the constituent colleges of the University of Malawi, is located in Zomba. The college has five faculties: Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Social Science and Faculty of Education.

Sir Harry Johnston International Primary School
Sir Harry Johnston International School has served the international and local community since 1958. The primary school consists of a seven classroom block (pre-Nursery to year 6) and the secondary school consists of three classrooms and a science laboratory. There is also a spacious multi-purpose hall on site used by both schools. Within the grounds there is a swimming pool, a football and netball field, a basketball court, a cross-country track, a playground and a nursery play area. The curriculum is based on the British National Curriculum in the Primary and the Cambridge Curriculum in the Secondary School, but content is adapted for the needs of the school population. The school is centrally located on Kalimbuka Road. It has students from a range of nationalities with around 80% of the students Malawian. The school is non-profit making and is managed by an elected board of trustees from the parent community. The school's swimming-pool is open to public from September to May each year.

Zomba Catholic Secondary School
Located around 5 km from the Old Capital city's town centre, this is a government-funded school founded in 1942 by the Catholic church. A community of Marist Brothers is located on site and the Brothers help with the teaching. Although funded by the government, pupils are still required to pay fees (MK107,000 per term as of 2017) as they live on campus and must pay board. The school is one of the best government schools in Malawi and competition for entry is intense. The school has around 600 pupils and 30 teachers as well as several administrative staff. It is also well known as Box 2 and BOCCO (Boys Of Courage And Cooperation).

Zomba Theological College
Zomba Theological College was founded in 1977 and is run by the five synods of Blantyre, Livingstonia, Nkhoma, Harare and Zambia but also works closely with the theological department of the University of Malawi.

Geography
The Zomba Plateau is Zomba's most famous feature. In some parts, it rises to 1800 m in height and is covered with vast tracts of African juniper and Widdringtonia, and other mixed vegetation. The top of the plateau is criss-crossed by streams and is dotted with waterfalls and still lakes. The hike to the top of the Plateau is a common tourist activity.

From the top of the plateau, it is possible to see Lake Chilwa to the north, Mount Mulanje to the southeast and the Shire River to the west. The Mulunguzi River springs from the plateau and flows through the town.

Fauna
The bird, the white-winged apalis (Apalis chariessa), has been sighted in the evergreen forest along the Mulunguzi River. It is estimated that only 50 pairs remain in the wild.

The eastern egg eater snake (Dasypeltis medici medici) has been found and several specimens recorded, including one of 112 cm.

Transportation
The easiest way to get to Zomba is by minibus or shared taxi from Blantyre via the M3. The highway between Zomba and Blantyre has been renovated and upgraded from 2012–2015. To and from Lilongwe you can take The Smart bus; a daily service with only a couple of stops along the way. Departing Zomba at 6:30AM and Lilongwe 12:30PM. National Bus Service as well as private run mini-buses connect Zomba with Liwonde (1hr, K1,500), Mangochi (2,5hrs, K 3,500), Balaka, Lilongwe and Lake Malawi. For Cape Maclear (4hrs, K 6,500 - 7,000) you go via Liwonde, Mangochi and Monkey Bay. Trucks and pick-ups transport passengers to Phalombe. For Mulanje you take a minibus to Limbe where you change to Mulanje.

The closest airport is Chileka International Airport, Blantyre, 75 kilometres south of Zomba. Lilongwe Lilongwe International Airport is 4 hours from Zomba.

Public transport within the city is organised by minibuses and taxis (approx K 2,000 for a journey within town; K 6,000 to go up the mountain). However, cycling and walking are the most widely used modes of transportation. Bikes can be rented in town to cycle around or up the mountain.

Ethnic groups
Zomba is multiethnic. According to the 2018 census, the Lomwe are the largest ethnic group in the city with 30.96% of its population. The second largest ethnic group in the city are the Yao with 20.59% of the population. Other minor ethnic groups include the Chewa with 12.76%, Ngoni with 10.5%, Nyanja with 10.35%, Mang'anja with 5.97%, Tumbuka with 4.17%, Sena with 2.05%, Tonga with 1.05%, Nkhonde with 0.55%, Lambya with 0.33%, Sukwa with only 0.06%, and all other ethnic groups compose 0.66% of the city's population.

Religion
The largest religious denomination in Zomba City is Church of Central Africa Presbyterian with 20.24%. The largest minority religion is Catholicism with 17.67%. Other minor religions include Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, and Apostolic with 11.45%, Pentecostal with 9.55%, Anglican with 3.28%, other Christian denominations with 20.95%, Islam with 14.17%, Traditional with only 0.04%, other religions with 2.22%, and no religion with 0.44% of the city.

Religion
Zomba is influenced by the Muslim community of Yao and Muslim Malawians from Indian descent. The main mosque is close to the market.

Several Christian churches have branches in Zomba; the city is seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zomba.

Sister cities
Since 2008, Zomba is a sister city with Urbana, Illinois.

title: Zomba, Malawi


text:
John Franco

John Anthony Franco (born September 17, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed relief pitcher between and. Franco established himself as an All-Star player with the Cincinnati Reds before spending the majority of his career with the New York Mets. He ended his 21-year career with one final season with the Houston Astros.

Franco's 1,119 career games pitched is a National League record, and ranks fourth in major league history. His 424 career saves ranks sixth all-time in major league history (ranking second when he retired), and remains the most by a left-hander. For 15 of his 22 seasons, he played for the New York Mets, serving as team captain in his final years with the team. Franco was inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 2012.

Early life
Franco, who is of Italian heritage, grew up in the Gravesend section of Brooklyn. His father, Jim Franco, was a New York City Department of Sanitation worker who encouraged his son's baseball aspirations; Franco honored his father by wearing an orange Sanitation Department work-shirt under his jersey. John graduated from Lafayette High School in Brooklyn and St. John's University in Queens, where he pitched two no-hitters in his freshman year. In 1980, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

Career
Franco was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 8, 1981, in the 5th round of the amateur draft. Before reaching the major leagues, he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds on May 9, 1983, with Brett Wise for Rafael Landestoy. Landestoy batted under .200 before retiring the following year while Franco was a star reliever for much of the next two decades. Franco debuted with the Reds on April 24, 1984. Franco was a traditional relief pitcher with a "90-mph fastball and a change-up that breaks away from a righthanded batter like a screwball."

Throughout his six seasons with the Reds, Franco was a successful closer, winning the National League Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1988. He helped the Reds finish second four seasons in a row (1985–1988).

On December 6, 1989, at the age of 29, he was traded with Don Brown to the Mets for Randy Myers and Kip Gross. He remained with the Mets organization until the end of the 2004 season. During his time with the Mets, he won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1990, became team captain, and remained the closer until 1999, when he moved to a setup role for new closer Armando Benítez. He led the league in saves for the 1988, 1990, and 1994 seasons. He reached the postseason for the first time in 1999 and the World Series in 2000.

On May 11, 1996, in a game against the Chicago Cubs, the Mets held "John Franco Day" to celebrate his 300th career save. In the fifth inning, a brawl that cleared both benches and bullpens resulted in Franco being ejected from the game, along with eight other players.

Injuries caused Franco to miss the 2002 baseball season, but he made a successful recovery from surgery and returned in June 2003. He signed a one-year contract for the 2004 season. He finished with a 2-7 record with 36 strikeouts and a 5.28 ERA in 46 innings.

In January 2005, he was signed to a one-year deal with the Astros, at the age of 44, making him at that time the oldest active pitcher in Major League Baseball. On July 1, 2005, Franco was designated for assignment, and he was subsequently released, which proved to be the end of his baseball career.

Personal life
John married his high school sweetheart, Rose, whom he has known since he was 17.

His son J.J. Franco, who was drafted by the Mets out of high school, attended Brown University, where he played as an infielder. J.J. was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 2014 MLB draft and played with the Braves and Mets farm teams through the 2018 season. Franco's cousin, Scott Pagano, played minor league baseball.

Throughout his career, Franco supplied tickets to members of the Bonanno crime family of the Italian-American Mafia and on one occasion Canadian organized crime figures, according to FBI documents made public in 2004. There was no suggestion that he committed any crimes but his behavior was a violation of Major League Baseball rules forbidding contact with known criminals.

Media
Franco appeared on the television show Pros vs. Joes during season three.

During an interview, he revealed that he threw a circle changeup which was often mistaken for a screwball.

Honors
Franco was inducted into the Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame in 2008. He was also inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 2008.

On March 29, 2009, Franco threw the ceremonial first pitch in the first game played on Citi Field, a Big East college game between St. John's (his alma mater) and Georgetown.

On June 3, 2012, in a ceremony at Citi Field, Franco was inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame.

Career accomplishments

 * Pitching record: 90-87
 * Saves: 424, fifth most in major league history behind, Mariano Rivera, Trevor Hoffman, Lee Smith and Francisco Rodríguez, and the most for any left-handed pitcher.
 * Strikeouts: 975
 * ERA: 2.89
 * Innings pitched: $1245 2/3$
 * Games pitched: 1119
 * 4-time All-Star (1986, 1987, 1989, 1990)
 * 3-time NL Save Leader (1988, 1990, 1993)
 * Postseason record: 2-0, one save, 1.88 ERA in 15 postseason appearances
 * New York Mets 3rd team captain (2001–2004)

title: John Franco


text:
Black Moon (album)

Black Moon is the eighth studio album, and the first in fourteen years, by English progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, released in May 1992. The band had broken up in 1979, and recorded Black Moon to kick off their 1990s revival.

Production
The track "Affairs of the Heart" originated in summer 1988 sessions by Lake with Geoff Downes under the project name Ride the Tiger. Another song from the sessions, "Money Talks", became "Paper Blood" with a different chorus and new music. Ride the Tiger was finally released in 2015.

Reception
Black Moon received mixed reviews. Jim Allen of AllMusic wrote in a retrospective review that the performers "stripped down their sound and amped up their attack." In his book The Music's All that Matters: A History of Progressive Rock, Paul Stump compared it favorably to its contemporary Union (by fellow progressive rock giants Yes). He explained that Black Moon "did at least aspire to interest and excite the listener, and it would be a churlish mind that overlooked a vigour in the playing which had formerly been notable by its absence. The material, though, suffered from the Yes malaise: cynicism and over-exposure to the wallet-fattening blandishments of easy-out FM mores, intervals and development procedures had blunted edges and dulled nerve-endings both of players and listeners."

Half of the album's songs were played at the band's 1992-1993 concerts. Greg Lake included the songs "Paper Blood", "Farewell to Arms" and "Footprints in the Snow" in the setlist of his 2005 solo tour. "Farewell to Arms" was played at the group's final concert, at the High Voltage Festival in July 2010.

Track listing
2017 Deluxe Edition

Personnel

 * Keith Emerson - GOFF Professional MIDI Hammond C-3, Yamaha GX-1, Steinway Grand Piano, Modular Moog, Minimoog
 * Greg Lake - vocals, guitars, bass, harmonica (on "Paper Blood")
 * Carl Palmer - drums, percussion

Production

 * Producer: Mark Mancina
 * Engineers: Steve Kempster, Stephen Marcussen, David Mitchell
 * Assistant engineers: Anthony Danbury, Gil Morales, Marnie Riley, Brett Swain, Charlie Watts
 * Mixing: Steve Kempster, David Mitchell
 * Mastering: Stephen Marcussen
 * Digital editing: Jay Rifkin
 * Programming: Tim Heintz, Gary Hodgson, Ian Morrow, John Van Tongeren
 * Keyboard technician: Will Alexander
 * Hammond Organ technician: Al Goff, GOFF Professional
 * Vocal arrangement: Mark Holding

Singles

 * Black Moon [Single Version] / A Blade Of Grass / Black Moon [Album Version]
 * Affairs Of The Heart / Better Days / A Blade Of Grass / Black Moon [Radio Version]
 * Affairs Of The Heart / Black Moon [Radio Version] / Fanfare For The Common Man [special edit] / Jerusalem

title: Black Moon (album)


text:
Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits (1991–2001)

Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits (1991–2001) is a greatest hits compilation album by Barenaked Ladies which spans their first decade as a band. It contains released singles, plus new songs "It's Only Me (The Wizard of Magicland)" and "Thanks That Was Fun", the latter which was released as a single. Disc One was released in November 2001 to a warm commercial reaction and was certified gold in the United States. The title itself is a tongue-in-cheek reference to a line from the "Box Set" off the album Gordon, which is about a box set release from a has-been band: "Disc One – it's where we've begun/It's all my greatest hits/And if you are a fan then you know that you've already got 'em." The album was released two months after the September 11 attacks, and is dedicated to the victims. The album was among the top 50 best-selling albums of 2001 in Canada and the fourth best-selling album of the year in Canada by a Canadian artist.

Content
The album compiles singles from the band's catalogue to that point, including two that had not been previously released on an album: "Lovers in a Dangerous Time" (a cover of the Bruce Cockburn song from a 1991 Cockburn tribute album) and "Get in Line" (from the 1999 King of the Hill soundtrack). Several other singles have edits and alternate versions. Some had been previously released (such as the "Shoe Box" radio remix), while others had new mixes created. Initially, the band was uncertain if they should include minor hits "Be My Yoko Ono" and "Alternative Girlfriend". They held a poll on their website and the result was a nearly 50/50 split. As a result, the band decided to include both songs, resulting in the album running over 73 minutes long. Though the radio mix of "The Old Apartment" was used, the instrumental introduction was eliminated. Similarly, a new edit of "Pinch Me" was created using the radio edit's cropped intro, but leaving in the album version's guitar solo outro.

The album was touted as completely remastered, but as is the modern practice due to the loudness war (not employed to the same extent in the early 1990s), all the tracks were mastered at a very high volume level, noticeably higher than any of the original recordings, resulting in increased compression and some clipping.

Two other tracks were recorded for this album, but omitted from the finished record: "I Don't Get It Anymore" and "I Can, I Will, I Do" (held for the Shallow Hal soundtrack, but cut from it; re-recorded for Everything to Everyone, but cut from that album; re-recorded again for Barenaked Ladies Are Men). These recordings of "I Don't Get It Anymore" and "I Can, I Will, I Do" were later released on the rarity album, Stop Us If You've Heard This One Before in 2012.

Song releases
In line with the album's retrospective contents, the video for the single "Thanks That Was Fun" was a montage of all of the band's prior music videos (with singer's mouths altered to appear to be singing the new song). Because of this, former keyboardist Andy Creeggan can be glimpsed in the video. The band wanted to name the single "One Weaker", as a followup to the hit single "One Week", but management refused to allow it.

The album's other original song, "It's Only Me (The Wizard of Magicland)" was included on the soundtrack for the EA Sports video game NHL 2002, along with tracks from several other Canadian artists. In addition, the band members' names and faces were included in the game, and can be accessed by creating custom players with their names.

During the band's Fall/Winter 2001 Greatest Hits Tour, both "Thanks That Was Fun" and "It's Only Me (The Wizard of Magicland)" were performed under the guise of a "new greatest hit", poking fun at the industry practice oxymoron of including several new songs as part of a greatest hits package.

Personnel

 * Barenaked Ladies
 * Steven Page – lead (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9–12, 15, 16, 17, 18; co-lead on "One Week," "If I Had $1,000,000," and "Lovers in a Dangerous Time") and background vocals, acoustic (3, 6, 11, 12, 16) and electric (1, 11, 15) guitars, liner notes annotations
 * Ed Robertson – background (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18) and lead (2, 14, 19; co-lead on "One Week," "If I Had $1,000,000," and "Lovers in a Dangerous Time") vocals, electric (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9–12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19) and acoustic (all except 1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 17) guitars, handclaps (17)
 * Jim Creeggan – double bass (1, 3, 5, 8–11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19), double electric bass (4) , electric bass (2, 6, 7) , handclaps (17) , viola and violin (on "Pinch Me") , background vocals (2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18)
 * Tyler Stewart – drums, handclaps (on "Too Little Too Late"), tambourine (on "Shoe Box" and "Too Little Too Late") , background vocals (on "It's All Been Done")
 * Kevin Hearn – clavinet (17), electric guitar (4) , electric piano (14) , handclaps (17) , keyboards (11, 14) , organ (14, 17) , piano (2, 3, 9, 16) , sampler (17) , background vocals (2, 7, 11, 17)
 * Andy Creeggan – acoustic piano (8), congas (5) , electric piano (6) , hammered dulcimer (12) , organ (6) , tambourine (5, 6, 12) , background vocals (5, 6, 8, 12, 18)

 * Production
 * Barenaked Ladies – producers (1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15)
 * Ben Mink – producer ("Alternative Girlfriend", "Jane")
 * David Leonard and Susan Rogers – producers (4, 9, 11)
 * Don Was – producer (2, 14, 17)
 * Michael Phillip Wojewoda – producer (1, 3, 8, 15, 16, 18)
 * David Kahne – producer and drum programming on "Get in Line"
 * Jim Scott – producer and engineer on "It's Only Me" and "Thanks That Was Fun"
 * Aubrey Windfield, Dan Durbin – producers on "Lovers in a Dangerous Time"
 * Ben Grosse – remix ("The Old Apartment")
 * Tom Lord-Alge – remix ("It's All Been Done")
 * Richard Sebree – photography
 * John Rummen – design
 * Kevin Hearn – illustrations
 * Howie Klein, Larry LeBlanc – liner notes


text:
Talk:Iris (plant)

Picture
another example of iris. -- Kowloonese

 * Added to the article. --Menchi 00:26, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Unknown species of Iris
If anyone knows what species of Iris these are, please let me know on my talk page. Image:Buberel unknown flower 2.jpg and Image:Buberel unknown flower 5.jpg. Thanks,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   18:33, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

What about new hybrids? 207.200.116.199 04:34, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Wild Iris
User:Ndaisley uploaded, a picture taken in Oxford, England. If it has relevance you may wish to use it here also. Alf melmac 20:09, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Iris Latifolia /English Iris name confusion
I've added a link and a stub entry for Irish latifolia, which appears to be the same as I. xiphiodes, I. anglica, and also known as English Iris. It would be good to have cleared up this confusion. Does anybody know the truth on this matter? Jens Nielsen 20:15, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Iris sibirica
Just started a page for it... anyone know which category it's supposed to fit into? SB Johnny 18:34, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Found on Commons - a better lead image?
- Leonard G. 21:39, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Sea Patrol
There is a link on the disambiguation page Sea Patrol which reads: I was hoping to point this to an article on the specific variety, if one exists, to avoid the need for external links on a disambiguation page. I've scanned the list and I can't find an obvious link which would suit, which is why I'm posting here, calling on someone more knowledgeable to assist! -- Chuq (talk) 08:52, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * A variety of iris (plant): taxonomy,  image

Cleanup, please
There's a horrible section of text in the last paragraph of the description section. It reads,
 * The shape of the flower and the position of the pollen-receiving and stigmatic surfaces on the outer petals form a landing-stage for a flying insect, which in probing the perianth for nectar, will first come in contact of perianth, three with the stigmatic stamens in one whorl surface which is borne and an ovary formed of three carpels. The shelf-like transverse projection on the inner whorl under side of the stamens, which is beneath the over-arching style arm below the stigma, so that the insect comes in contact with its pollen-covered surface only after passing the stigma, while in backing out of the flower it will come in contact only with the non-receptive lower face of the stigma.

Does anyone understand what it's trying to say, who can clean it up? I don't really follow it, there is much run-on, and some of it just plain grammatically incorrect. Thanks. -Freekee 16:25, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

How many years does a plant live?
If irises are perennial (i.e. they come back each year after they seem to die in the winter), how many years will a single plant last before it eventually dies? Badagnani 23:08, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

 * You'll have to find a source which states how long that is. Notice the article says the plants grow from rhizomes, so one plant can spread and create many clones.  Maybe you also have to consider the boundaries of the meanings of "plant" or "live".  (SEWilco 02:39, 13 October 2007 (UTC))

Corm
The article says some irises reproduce from bulbs. By bulb does it mean "corm"? Flower growers call corms and tubers bulbs, but boatanists distinguish the three.  Randall Bart    Talk   01:22, 14 December 2007 (UTC)tennessee floer

Will a bearded iris flower more than once?
Once a bearded iris has flowered, will removing the flower ensure it flowers again? Please advise what I should do once the flower looks as though it may have died. Thanks! Bernie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.254.163.126 (talk) 16:44, 7 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It not flower again until next year, unless more flower buds are around. Removing the flower only keep it looking 'neat'.DavidAnstiss (talk) 11:43, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

Fleur de lis
Am I mistaken, or is the Fleur de Lis a lily, not an iris? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.31.61.21 (talk) 17:35, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It can mean both iris (normally the wild flag iris) and lily depending on the family using the crest. DavidAnstiss (talk) 11:47, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Favonian (talk) 16:21, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

Iris (plant) → Iris – Appears to be the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Google Books results turn up a mixture of results on the plants and works of fiction that used the proper name Iris in the title or were by prolific authors named Iris, thus polluting the results. The given name isn't the primary topic, though, since it's been viewed just over 1300 times in December 2012. Iris (plant) has been viewed over 20,000 times in December 2012. Iris (anatomy) has been viewed almost 36,000 times but I don't think a case could be made that it could be the primary topic given it didn't show up on the Books search results in the first few pages. I expect most readers of Wikipedia searching for "Iris" to be looking for information on the genus of plants, not the color, the given name, bands, albums, or part of the eye. Rkitko (talk) 15:49, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. There is no reason to discount page views for the anatomical iris. The rather mixed Google Books results does not indicate very strong evidence of the plant as primary topic. older ≠ wiser 16:37, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose – the term is too ambiguous to be making a primary topic claim on it. Dicklyon (talk) 19:20, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose it is part of the animal eye structure. clearly not the plant. Irises are frequently found in iris-identification schemes, the function of the iris, irising, is also used in technological devices for aperture changes. Eye color is iris color, and frequently dealt with in identification certificates. -- 70.24.248.246 (talk) 21:28, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment this is an improperly formatted multimove request. Someone should fix it. -- 70.24.248.246 (talk) 21:29, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Too ambiguous, and not enough evidence of primary usage for the plant. The anatomical iris is certainly the primary meaning to a large percentage of the population. Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:14, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think I have ever opposed Rkitko before, but I agree that for many people the iris of the eye is what they mean. I would be equally opposed to moving iris (anatomy) to iris.--Curtis Clark (talk) 03:09, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose if anything you should be the primary topic its part of the eye.  Hot Stop     (Talk)   03:24, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose as above, if anything you should be the primary topic its part of the eye. In ictu oculi (talk) 04:01, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment there is a related Category Rename, see this CFD -- 70.24.248.246 (talk) 07:15, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The "primary page" should remain a disambiguation page. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  22:18, 30 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose I knew very little about the plant, I would regard both the part of the eye and the female name as more important meanings. Obviously, if this move is made, the current page should be moved to "Iris (disambiguation)". If anything, I would regard the part of the eye as the most important meaning, but I think this is really a case of no primary topic. PatGallacher (talk) 01:55, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Identification error
The species illustrated in the taxobox is not the purple bearded iris Iris germanica as stated but more probably a cultivar of Iris versicolor. A clue is in the total absence of the beard which characterizes the bearded irises. Plantsurfer (talk) 12:02, 2 June 2014 (UTC)
 * On second thoughts it looks a dead ringer for Iris sibirica. Identification is hard to do from photographs :( Plantsurfer (talk) 10:17, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

How to grow iris
How far down should a bulb be planted? How far apart should they be spaced? How many years does one bulb live? How many clone bulbs would it produce in that amount of time? How much shade can they take? None of this is in the section on cultivating iris, where one would expect it to be. Similar questions could be asked about the rhyzome irises. 98.14.15.215 (talk) 18:29, 24 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not a horticultural manual or instruction book. See more at WP:NOTHOWTO.  Plant surfer  18:32, 24 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Orphaned references in Iris (plant)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Iris (plant)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "signa": From Iris wilsonii:  From Iris hoogiana:  From Iris aphylla:  From Iris fulva:  From Iris marsica:  From Iris spuria subsp. demetrii:  From Iris danfordiae:

From Iris humilis:

From Iris lactea:

From Iris rosenbachiana:

From Iris relicta:

From Iris antilibanotica:

From Iris ludwigii:

From Iris milesii:

From Iris subbiflora:

From Iris mesopotamica:

From Iris bloudowii:

From Iris speculatrix:

From Iris tenuis:

From Iris kashmiriana:

From Iris attica:

From Iris maackii:

From Iris revoluta:

From Iris brandzae:

From Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica:

From Iris confusa:

From Iris spuria subsp. maritima:

From Iris giganticaerulea:

From Iris hookeriana:

From Iris sambucina:

From Iris clarkei:

From Iris perrieri:

From Iris cedreti:

From Iris delavayi:

From Iris bismarckiana:

From Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae:

From Iris hermona:

From Iris sintenisii:

From Iris assadiana:

From Iris songarica:

From Iris nelsonii:

From Iris bicapitata:

From Iris timofejewii:

From Iris wattii:

From Iris afghanica:

From Iris vicaria:

From Iris setosa:

From Iris setina:

From Iris haynei:

From Iris graeberiana:

From Iris koreana:

From Iris suaveolens:

From Iris ventricosa:

From Iris tridentata:

From Iris bulleyana:

From Iris orientalis:

From Iris japonica:

From Iris imbricata:

From Iris crocea:

From Iris gatesii:

From Iris korolkowii:

From Iris pseudopallida:

From Iris sanguinea:

From Iris taochia:

From Iris kolpakowskiana:

From Iris grant-duffii:

From Iris mandshurica:

From Iris adriatica:

From Iris longipetala:

From Iris zenaidae:

From Iris graminea:

From Iris lineata:

From Iris croatica:

From Iris pallida subsp. cengialti:

From Iris goniocarpa:

From Iris cypriana:

From Iris damascena:

From Iris ruthenica:

From Iris bostrensis:

From Iris barnumiae:

From Iris stolonifera:

From Iris alexeenkoi:

From Iris camillae:

From Iris anguifuga:

From Iris junonia:

From Iris furcata:

From Iris odaesanensis:

From Iris typhifolia:

From Iris serotina:

From Iris henryi:

From Iris dolichosiphon:

From Iris schachtii:

From Iris bungei:

From Iris purpureobractea:

From Iris tubergeniana:

From Iris lacustris:

From Iris sibirica:

From Iris curvifolia:

From Iris hexagona:

From Iris glaucescens:

From Iris darwasica:

From Iris sikkimensis:

From Iris atrofusca:

From Iris grossheimii:

From Iris brevicaulis:

From Iris scariosa:

From Iris spuria:

From Iris tigridia:

From Iris bucharica:

From Iris maracandica:

From Iris auranitica:

From Iris xanthospuria:

From Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima:

From Iris forrestii:

From Iris halophila:

From Iris orchioides:

From Iris acutiloba:

From Iris ivanovae:

From Iris heylandiana:

From Iris uniflora:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:52, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Iris Paradoxa
Could we have a page on the Iris Paradoxa, please? Also, I wonder if some thought could be given to whether ancient Greeks called hyacinths things other than what we call hyacinths, e.g. the Iris Paradoxa? Vince Calegon (talk) 23:01, 10 August 2018 (UTC)

Iris flower
Please tell uses of iris flower 122.177.107.223 (talk) 06:05, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iris (plant)