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John Hiatt

John Robert Hiatt (born August 20, 1952) is an American singer-songwriter. He has played a variety of musical styles on his albums, including new wave, blues, and country. Hiatt has been nominated for nine Grammy Awards and has been awarded a variety of other distinctions in the music industry.

Hiatt was working as a songwriter for Tree International, a record label in Nashville, Tennessee, when his song "Sure As I'm Sittin' Here" was covered by Three Dog Night. The song became a Top 40 hit, earning Hiatt a recording contract with Epic Records. Since then he has released 22 studio albums, two compilation albums and one live album.

Early life
Hiatt was born in 1952 to Robert and Ruth Hiatt, the sixth of seven children in a Roman Catholic family from Indianapolis, Indiana. When he was 9 years old, Hiatt's 21-year-old brother Michael died by suicide. Two years later, his father died after a long illness. To escape the stress of his early life, Hiatt watched IndyCar racing and listened to Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and the blues. In his youth, Hiatt reports that he and several others stole a Ford Thunderbird, a crime for which he was caught by the owners but got away with, posing as a hitchhiker. He learned to play the guitar when he was 11 and began his musical career in Indianapolis as a teenager. He played in a various local clubs such as Hummingbird and also with bands, including The Four-Fifths and John Lynch & the Hangmen.

Career
Hiatt moved to Nashville, Tennessee, when he was 18 years old and got a job as a songwriter for the Tree-Music Publishing Company for $25 a week. Hiatt, who was unable to read or write scores, had to record all 250 songs he wrote for the company. In 1972 he also began playing with the band White Duck as one of three singer-songwriters within the group. White Duck had already recorded one album before Hiatt joined. He wrote and performed two songs on their second album In Season. Hiatt performed live in many clubs around Nashville with White Duck and also as a solo act.

Early solo career (1974–78)
Hiatt met Don Ellis of Epic Records in 1973, and received a record deal, releasing his first single "We Make Spirit" later that year. That same year Hiatt wrote the song "Sure as I'm Sitting Here" recorded by Three Dog Night, which went to number 16 on the Billboard chart in 1974.

In 1974, Hiatt released Hangin' Around the Observatory, which was a critical success but a commercial failure. A year later, Overcoats was released and when it also failed to sell, Epic Records released Hiatt from his contract. For the next four years he was without a recording contract. During this time his style evolved from country-rock to new wave of Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe and Graham Parker, among others.

MCA/Geffen years (1979–1986)
Hiatt was picked up by the MCA label in 1979. He released two albums for the label – Slug Line (1979) and Two Bit Monsters (1980) – neither of which met with commercial success. He received a few good reviews for these albums by critics in the Netherlands. He performed at Paradiso in Amsterdam for the first time in 1979 (opening for Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes) and came back often and built a solid fan base. In 1982, "Across the Borderline", written by Hiatt with Ry Cooder and Jim Dickinson, appeared on the soundtrack to the motion picture The Border, sung by country star Freddy Fender. The song was later covered on albums by Willie Nelson, Paul Young, Rubén Blades and Willy DeVille, among others, as well as by Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan in concert.

Hiatt was signed in 1982 to Geffen (which later absorbed MCA), where he recorded three diverse albums from 1982 to 1985. The first, All of a Sudden, was produced by Tony Visconti, and featured use of keyboards and synthesizers; his future albums combined country and soul influences. Riding with the King appeared in 1983, produced by Scott Mathews, Ron Nagle and Nick Lowe. Hiatt began making "critics choice" lists and building a large European following. The title track of Riding with the King (taken from an odd dream Scott Mathews had) was re-recorded two decades later by Eric Clapton and B. B. King and went double platinum.

During this period, Rosanne Cash covered several Hiatt compositions, taking "It Hasn't Happened Yet" to the Top 20 on the country charts. In 1983, Cash did a duet with Hiatt on his "The Way We Make a Broken Heart" produced by Nick Lowe. When Geffen failed to release the single, Cash re-recorded it in 1987 and it went to No. 1 on the US country charts. It was during this time that Asleep at the Wheel covered the song. Ricky Nelson covered "It Hasn't Happened Yet" on his 1981 album Playing to Win.

Hiatt recorded a duet with Elvis Costello, a cover version of the Spinners' song "Living a Little, Laughing a Little", which appeared on Warming Up to the Ice Age. Shortly after its release, Bob Dylan covered Hiatt's song "The Usual", which had appeared on the soundtrack to Hearts of Fire. However, Geffen dropped Hiatt from the label after Ice Age failed to chart.

Success (1987–1989)
Hiatt finally came into success in 1987, when he released Bring the Family. For the album, Hiatt had a backing band consisting of Ry Cooder, Nick Lowe, and Jim Keltner. Two of the songs on the album have been extensively covered: "Have a Little Faith in Me," which has been interpreted by a number of artists, including Joe Cocker, Delbert McClinton, Jewel, Bill Frisell, Mandy Moore and Bon Jovi; and "Memphis in the Meantime", which has been covered by Carl Perkins, Chris Smither, Spafford, and Gregg Allman. "Thank You Girl" was a moderate radio hit, and the B-side of the single featured a non-album duet with Loudon Wainwright III on a cover of the Temptations’ hit "My Girl" (Hiatt returned the favor on the B-side of Wainwright's single "Your Mother and I"). Most notably, Bonnie Raitt brought "Thing Called Love" to No. 11 on the US charts with her 1989 release Nick of Time.

Following Bring the Family, Hiatt had a string of nine straight studio albums which hit the Billboard 200.

In 1988, he returned to the studio with Glyn Johns producing to record Slow Turning, which was his first album to hit the upper half of the Billboard 200. It featured his only top 10 chart single, the title track, which hit No. 8 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and "Tennessee Plates", which was used in the soundtrack of the Ridley Scott directed and Academy Award-winning film Thelma and Louise in 1991. The Jeff Healey Band covered the Hiatt-penned song "Angel Eyes" and took it to the top five of the Billboard Hot 100.

1990s and beyond
In 1992, Cooder, Keltner, and Lowe again backed up Hiatt, but this time they gave themselves the band name Little Village, a reference to a Sonny Boy Williamson II song. Expectations for the Little Village album were high, but the album failed to even chart as high as Hiatt's last solo album. The group disbanded after a moderately successful tour. Conversely, country artist Suzy Bogguss scored a No. 2 hit that year with a cover of Hiatt's song "Drive South."

Hiatt recorded Perfectly Good Guitar with members of alternative rock groups School of Fish and Wire Train in 1993. Hiatt recorded the album with producer Matt Wallace, who had worked most prominently with Faith No More, a band that Hiatt's 15-year-old stepson had recommended for him. It was Hiatt's highest-peaking album at No. 47, but was not the commercial breakthrough A&M expected.

Also in 1993, Love Gets Strange: The Songs of John Hiatt, a compilation album of covers of Hiatt's songs, was released. This was followed by an album of original covers Rollin' into Memphis: Songs of John Hiatt in 2000, and a second compilation album with a few originals, titled It'll Come To You...The Songs of John Hiatt, in 2003.

In 1994, Hiatt released Hiatt Comes Alive at Budokan?, his first official live album and his last album with A&M Records. A CD and DVD of his performance on Austin City Limits was released in 2005. Hiatt previously released two promotional live promotional "official bootlegs", Riot with Hiatt in 1985, and Live at the Hiatt in 1993, as well as the EP Live at the Palace in 1991. Hiatt received his first Grammy nomination in 1995 for his album Walk On.

In 2000, Hiatt released his first independent album on Vanguard Records, Crossing Muddy Waters, which saw a heavy influence of bluegrass in his music. Later that year, he was named songwriter/artist of the year at the Nashville Music Awards. In 2001, Crossing Muddy Waters was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album, with Davey Faragher and David Immerglück as his only accompanists. In 2002, Hiatt performed several songs for the soundtrack of the Disney's The Country Bears movie, again with Johns producing, representing the voice of the lead singer. The movie featured covers of Hiatt songs by Bonnie Raitt and Don Henley.

Hiatt's next album, Master of Disaster, was released on June 21, 2005. The album was produced by Jim Dickinson, and Hiatt was backed up by the bassist David Hood and several members of the North Mississippi Allstars. The album achieved modest sales, becoming a top 10 independent album, but failed to achieve significant commercial success. On February 12, 2008, during a concert with Lyle Lovett at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, Hiatt said that his new album would be titled Same Old Man. It was released on May 27, 2008.

On September 17, 2008, he appeared in Levon Helm's Ramble at the Ryman singing "The Weight" at the historic Ryman Auditorium, in Nashville.

Hiatt appeared as a performer in The House of Blues in the sixth episode of the second season of Treme, with the episode title taken from his song Feels Like Rain. The episode aired May 29, 2011.

Hiatt presented an Americana Lifetime Achievement Award to Bonnie Raitt on September 12, 2012. The two performed "Thing Called Love" together at the ceremony.

On July 15, 2014, Hiatt released Terms of My Surrender, his 22nd studio album. It earned him two Grammy nominations.

On October 12, 2018, Hiatt released The Eclipse Sessions, an LP via New West Records. The album, his first in four years, was recorded over four days in the summer of 2017, a period that included the August 21 solar eclipse. Hiatt recorded the album as part of a trio of guitar, bass (Patrick O’Hearn), and drums (Kenneth Blevins).

Personal life
Hiatt has two daughters, singer-songwriter Lilly Hiatt and Georgia Rae Hiatt, and a stepson, Robert.

Discography

 * Hangin' Around the Observatory (Epic, 1974)
 * Overcoats (Epic, 1975)
 * Slug Line (MCA, 1979)
 * Two Bit Monsters (MCA, 1980)
 * All of a Sudden (Geffen, 1982)
 * Riding with the King (Geffen, 1983)
 * Warming Up to the Ice Age (Geffen, 1985)
 * Bring the Family (A&M, 1987)
 * Slow Turning (A&M, 1988)
 * Stolen Moments (A&M, 1990)
 * Perfectly Good Guitar (A&M, 1993)
 * Walk On (Capitol, 1995)
 * Little Head (Capitol, 1997)
 * Crossing Muddy Waters (Vanguard, 2000)
 * The Tiki Bar is Open (Vanguard, 2001)
 * Beneath This Gruff Exterior (New West, 2003)
 * Master of Disaster (New West, 2005)
 * Same Old Man (New West, 2008)
 * The Open Road (New West, 2010)
 * Dirty Jeans and Mudslide Hymns (New West, 2011)
 * Mystic Pinball (New West, 2012)
 * Terms of My Surrender (New West, 2014)
 * The Eclipse Sessions (New West, 2018)
 * Leftover Feelings – with the Jerry Douglas Band (2021)

Awards

 * 2000 Nashville Music Awards: Songwriter/Artist of the Year
 * 2008 Americana Music Association: Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting
 * 2019 BMI Troubador Award

title: John Hiatt


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1766 in music

Events

 * after March – Joseph Haydn becomes Kapellmeister to the house of Esterházy, following the death of Gregor Werner, and their orchestra is increased to 22 players.
 * October 8 – Inauguration of the Teatro Onigo with the world premiere of Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi's opera Demofonte.
 * November 29 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart returns to Salzburg after the Mozart family grand tour of Europe.
 * unknown dates
 * Niccolò Piccinni is invited to Paris by Queen Marie Antoinette.
 * The new Drottningholm Palace Theatre in Stockholm is completed as an opera house.

Opera

 * Egidio Romualdo Duni – La clochette
 * Florian Leopold Gassmann
 * L'amore artigiano
 * Il viaggiatore ridicolo
 * Joseph Haydn – La Canterina (libretto by an unknown, based on material by Carlo Goldoni)
 * Johann Adam Hiller – Der lustige Schuster
 * Niccolò Jommelli – Il Vologeso
 * Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny – Aline, reine de Golconde
 * Giovanni Paisiello – Le finte contesse, R.1.7
 * Niccolò Piccinni – La molinarella

Classical music

 * Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach – Pieces (40) for Keyboard, Wq 117: no. 2, Solfeggio in C minor, H 220
 * Claude-Bénigne Balbastre – Romance in C major
 * Capel Bond – Six Concertos in Seven Parts (London) (for trumpet)
 * Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf – Symphony in A major "nel gusto di cinque nazioni", Kr.18
 * Joseph Haydn
 * Divertimento in C major, Hob.XVI:7
 * Divertimento in G major, Hob.XVI:8
 * Keyboard Concerto in F major, Hob.XVIII:6
 * Great Mass in E-flat
 * Michael Haydn – Symphony in B-flat major
 * Niccolò Jommelli – Missa Solemne
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * 8 Variations on "Laat ons juichen", K.24
 * 7 Variations on "Willem von Nassau", K.25
 * Violin Sonata in G major, K.27
 * Violin Sonata in C major, K.28
 * Violin Sonata in B-flat major, K.31
 * Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebotes, K.35
 * Johann Adolf Scheibe – Sørgekantate

Publications

 * Charles Avison – Twelve Concertos (Divided into Two Sets) for Two Violins, One Alto Viola, and a Violoncello. This Work Is Also Adapted to the Practice of the Organ or Harpsichord Alone. Or These to Serve as an Accompanyment to the Parts in Concert, Which May Be Reinforced at Pleasure, Op. 9 (London)
 * Johann Christian Bach – Six Sonatas, for piano or harpsichord, Op. 5 (London)
 * Franz Ignaz Beck – 6 Sinfonies, Op. 4 (Paris)
 * Capel Bond – Six Concertos in Seven Parts (London)
 * Dom Bédos de Celles – L'art du facteur d'orgues, volume 1 (the fourth and final volume is not published until 1778).

Methods and theory writings

 * François Lamathe Bédos de Celles de Salelles – L'art du facteur d'orgues [first of four volumes] (Paris: Author)
 * William Tans'ur – The Elements of Musick Display'd

Births

 * February 24 – Samuel Wesley, organist and composer (died 1837)
 * March 28 – Joseph Weigl, composer and conductor (died 1846)
 * July 19 – Johann Anton Friedrich Fleischmann, composer (died 1798)
 * July 21 – Carolina, Baroness Nairne, Scottish songwriter (died 1845)
 * July 22 – Franz Xaver Süssmayr, Austrian composer (died 1803)
 * August 1 – Ignace Antoine Ladurner, pianist and composer (died 1839)
 * August 22 – Joseph-Denis Doche, composer (died 1825)
 * October 9 – Bedřich Diviš Weber, composer and founding principal of the Prague Conservatory (died 1842)
 * November 16 – Rodolphe Kreutzer, violinist and composer (died 1831)
 * November 20 – John Wall Callcott, composer (died 1821)

Deaths

 * January 30 – Susannah Maria Arne, singer (born 1714)
 * February 26 – August Bernhard Valentin Herbing, composer (born 1735)
 * March 3 – Gregor Werner, composer and leader of Prince Paul Esterházy's orchestra (born 1693)
 * March 20 – Giovanni Battista Pescetti, organist and composer (born c. 1704)
 * March 25 – Johannes Ritschel, composer (born 1739)
 * April – François Étienne Blanchet II, harpsichord maker (born 1730)
 * June 23 – Thomas Roseingrave, composer and organist (born 1690 or 1691)
 * October 7 – André Chéron, composer (born 1695)
 * November 9 – Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, composer (born 1692)
 * December (or later) – Carlo Tessarini, violinist and composer (born c. 1690)
 * date unknown – Alvise Giusti, librettist (born 1709)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1766 in music


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Evenki language

Evenki, formerly known as Tungus, is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and the more closely related Oroqen language. The name is sometimes wrongly given as "Evenks". It is spoken by Evenks or Ewenkī(s) in Russia and China.

In certain areas the influences of the Yakut and the Buryat languages are particularly strong. The influence of Russian in general is overwhelming (in 1979, 75.2% of the Evenkis spoke Russian, rising to 92.7% in 2002). Evenki children were forced to learn Russian at Soviet residential schools, and returned with a "poor ability to speak their mother tongue...". The Evenki language varies considerably among its dialects, which are divided into three large groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialects. These are further divided into minor dialects. A written language was created for Evenkis in the Soviet Union in 1931, first using a Latin alphabet, and from 1937 a Cyrillic one. In China, Evenki is written experimentally in the Mongolian script. The language is generally considered endangered.

Genetic affiliation
Evenki is a member of the Tungusic family. Its similarity to Manchu, the best-documented member of the family, was noted hundreds of years ago, first by botanist P. S. Pallas in the late 18th century, and then in a more formal linguistic study by M. A. Castren in the mid-19th century, regarded as a "pioneer treatise" in the field of Tungusology. The exact internal structure of the Tungusic family is a matter of some debate. Some scholars propose two sub-families: one for Manchu, and another for all the other Tungusic languages, including Evenki. SIL International's Ethnologue divides Tungusic into two sub-families, Northern and Southern, with Evenki alongside Even and Negidal in the Northern sub-family, and the Southern family itself subdivided into Southwestern (among which Manchu) and Southeastern (Nanai and others). Others propose three or more sub-families, or at the extreme a continuum with Manchu at one end and Evenki at the other.

Dialects
Bulatova enumerated 14 dialects and 50 sub-dialects within Russia, spread over a wide geographical area ranging from the Yenisei River to Sakhalin. These may be divided into three major groups primarily on the basis of phonology:

 * Evenki
 * Northern (spirant)
 * Ilimpeya: Ilimpeya, Agata and Bol'shoi, Porog, Tura, Tutonchany, Dudinka/Khantai
 * Yerbogachen: Yerbogachen, Nakanno
 * Southern (sibilant)
 * Hushing
 * Sym: Tokma or Upper Nepa, Upper Lena or Kachug, Angara
 * Northern Baikal: Northern Baikal, Upper Lena
 * Hissing
 * Stony Tunguska: Vanavara, Kuyumba, Poligus, Surinda, Taimura or Chirinda, Uchami, Chemdal'sk
 * Nepa: Nepa, Kirensk
 * Vitim-Nercha/Baunt-Talocha: Baunt, Talocha, Tungokochen, Nercha
 * Eastern (sibilant-spirant)
 * Vitim-Olyokma dialect: Barguzin, Vitim/Kalar, Olyokma, Tungir, Tokko
 * Upper Aldan: Aldan, Upper Amur, Amga, Dzheltulak, Timpton, Tommot, Khingan, Chul'man, Chul'man-Gilyui
 * Uchur-Zeya: Uchur, Zeya
 * Selemdzha-Bureya-Urmi: Selemdzha, Bureya, Urmi
 * Ayan-Mai: Ayan, Aim, Mai, Nel'kan, Totti
 * Tugur-Chumikan: Tugur, Chumikan
 * Sakhalin (no subdialects)

Evenks in China also speak several dialects. According to Ethnologue, the Hihue or Hoy dialect is considered the standard; Haila'er, Aoluguya (Olguya), Chenba'erhu (Old Bargu), and Morigele (Mergel) dialects also exist. Ethnologue reports these dialects differ significantly from those in Russia.

Some works focused on individual Russia dialects include (Barguzin),  (Tommot), and  (Sakhalin).

Phonology
The Evenki language typically has CV syllables but other structures are possible. Bulatova and Grenoble list Evenki as having 11 possible vowel phonemes; a classical five-vowel system with distinctions between long and short vowels (except in ) and the addition of a long and short, while Nedjalkov claims that there are 13 vowel phonemes. Evenki has a moderately small consonant inventory; there are 18 consonants (21 according to Nedjalkov 1997) in the Evenki language and it lacks glides or semivowels.

Consonants
Below are tables of Evenki consonant phonemes, including those identified by Nedjalkov (1997) in italics.

The phoneme has a word-final allophone,, as well as an intervocalic variant,. Likewise, some speakers pronounce intervocalic as. Speakers of some dialects also alternate and. Consonant inventories given by researchers working on dialects in China are largely similar. The differences noted: Chaoke and Kesingge et al. give instead of  and lack, , or ; furthermore, Kesingge et al. give  instead of.

Vowels
Below is a chart of Evenki vowels found among Russian dialects, including those identified by Nedjalkov (1997) in italics.

The vowel inventory of the Chinese dialects of Evenki, however, is markedly different (Chaoke, 1995, 2009):

Like most Tungusic languages, Evenki employs back-front vowel harmony—suffix vowels are matched to the vowel in the root. However, some vowels – – and certain suffixes no longer adhere to the rules of vowel harmony. Knowledge of the rules of vowel harmony is fading, as vowel harmony is a complex topic for elementary speakers to grasp, the language is severely endangered (Janhunen), and many speakers are multilingual.

Syllable structure
Possible syllable structures include V, VC, VCC, CV, CVC, and CVCC. In contrast to dialects in Russia, dialects in China do not have /k/, /ŋ/, or /r/ in word-initial position.

Russia
The creation of the Evenki alphabet began in the 1920s. In May 1928, researcher Glafira Makarievna Vasilevich prepared for the Evenk students who studied in Leningrad the Memo to Tungus-vacationers. It was a small textbook duplicated on the glass. It used the Vasilyevich Evenki alphabet on a Latin graphic basis. A year later, she compiled the First Book for Reading in the Tungus Language (Әwәnkil dukuwuntin). This alphabet had the following composition: Aa Bb Çç HH Dd Ӡӡ Ee Әә Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Ww Yy; it also included diacritical marks: a macron to indicate the longitude of the sound and a sub-letter comma to indicate palatalization.

In 1930, it was decided to create a written language for the majority of the peoples of the North of the USSR. The Latin alphabet was chosen as its graphic basis. In the same year, the project of the Evenki alphabet was proposed by Ya. P. Alcor. This project differed from Vasilevich's alphabet only by the presence of letters for displaying Russian borrowings (C c, F f, J j, W w, Z z), as well as using V v instead of W w. After some refinement, the letter Çç was replaced by C c, V v by W w, and the letter Y y was excluded. In May 1931, the Evenki romanized alphabet was officially approved, and in 1932 regular publishing began on it. The basis of the literary language was laid the most studied Nepsky dialect (north of the Irkutsk region).

The official Latinized Evenk alphabet, in which book publishing and schooling were conducted, looked like this:

Today, the official writing system in Russia for the Evenki language is the Cyrillic script. The script has one additional letter, ӈ, to indicate ; it is used only inconsistently in printed works, due to typographical limitations. Boldyrev's dictionary uses ң instead. Some editions use the digraph нг. Other sounds found in Evenki but not Russian, such as, lack devoted letters. Instead д stands in for both and ; when the latter pronunciation is intended, it is followed by one of Cyrillic's iotated letters, similar to the way those letters cause palatalization of the preceding consonant in Russian. However orthographic decisions like these have resulted in some confusion and transfer of Russian phonetics to Evenki among younger speakers. For example, the spellings ди and ды were intended to record and  (i.e. the same vowel sound). However, in Russian и and ы are respectively two different vowels, and. Long vowels are optionally indicated with macrons.

China
In the "Imperial History of the National Languages of Liao, Jin, and Yuan" commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, the Manchu alphabet is used to write Evenki words.

Evenki in China is now written in the Latin script and experimentally in the Mongolian script. Evenki scholars made an attempt in the 1980s to create standard written forms for their language, using both Mongolian script and a pinyin-like Latin spelling. They published an Evenki–Mongolian–Chinese dictionary with Evenki words spelled in IPA, a pinyin-like orthography, and Mongolian script, as well as a collection of folk songs in IPA and Mongolian script (and Chinese-style numbered musical notation).

The orthographic system developed by Chinese Evenki scholars reflects differences between Evenki and Mongol phonology. It uses both and  (usually romanised from Mongolian as q and ɣ) for. The system uses double letters in both Mongolian and Latin to represent most long vowels; however for ao is written instead of oo. The same scholars' collection of songs has some orthographic differences from the table below; namely, long vowels are occasionally written not just doubled but also with an intervening silent (ɣ), showing clear orthographic influence from the Mongolian language. In medial and final positions, t is written in the Manchu script form. Evenki itself is spelled eweŋki, despite Mongolian orthography usually prohibiting the letter combination ŋk. The vowel inventory of this system is also rather different from that of Chaoke (1995, 2009).

uses a different version of Latin script, which distinguishes certain vowels and consonants more clearly than the system of Kesingge et al.:

Morphology
Evenki is highly agglutinating and suffixing: Each morpheme is easily recognizable and carries only one piece of meaning. Evenki pronouns distinguish between singular and plural as well as inclusive and exclusive in the first person. The Evenki language has a rich case system — 13 cases, though there is some variation among dialects — and it is a nominative–accusative language. Evenki differentiates between alienable and inalienable possession: alienable possession marks the possessor in the nominative case and the possessum in the possessed case, while inalienable possession is marked by personal indices.

Below is a table of cases and suffixes in Evenki, following Nedjalkov (1997):

 LOCDIR:locative-directive case ALLLOC:allative-locative case ACD:accusative case, definite PRO:prolative case INS:instrumental case SEM:semblative case POS:possessed

Plurals are marked with -il-, -l-, or -r- before the case marker, if any:

tyge-l-ve

cup-PL-ACD

'the cups (accusative)'

Ivul-ngi oro-r-in

Ivul-GEN reindeer-PL-3SG.POSS

'the reindeer (pl.) of Ivul.'

Syntax
Evenki is a subject–object–verb and head-final language. The subject is marked according to the nominative case, and the object is in the accusative. In Evenki, the indirect object precedes the direct object.

Literary traditions
The Manchu script was used to write Evenki (Solon) words in the "Imperial History of the National Languages of Liao, Jin, and Yuan". The Evenki did not have their own writing system until the introduction of the Latin script in 1931 and the subsequent change to Cyrillic in 1936–7. The literary language was first based on the Nepa dialect of the Southern subgroup, but in the 1950s was redesigned with the Stony Tunguska dialect as its basis. Ethnographer S. M. Shirokogoroff harshly criticised the "child-like" literary language, and in a 1930s monograph predicted it would quickly go extinct. Although textbooks through the 8th grade have been published, "Literary Evenki has not yet achieved the status of a norm which cut across dialects and is understood by speakers of some dialects with great difficulty". However, despite its failure to gain widespread acceptance, within its dialectal base of roughly 5,000 people, it survived and continues in use up to the present. Since the 1930s, "folklore, novels, poetry, numerous translations from Russian and other languages", textbooks, and dictionaries have all been written in Evenki. In Tura (former administrative center of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug), the local newspaper includes a weekly supplement written in Evenki.

Language shift and multilingualism
There is a large quantity of Russian loan words in Evenki, especially for technologies and concepts that were introduced by the Russian pioneers in Siberia. "Evenki is spoken in regions with heavy multilingualism. In their daily life the people come into contact with Russian, Buriat and Yakut, and each of these languages had affected the Evenki language. Russian is the lingua franca of the region, part of the Evenki population is bilingual, and part trilingual. All Evenki know Russian relatively well." In 1998 there were approximately 30,000 ethnic Evenkis living in Russia and about 1/3 of them spoke the language. Even a decade ago Bulatova was trying to warn speakers and linguists alike: "There is widespread loss of Evenki and the language can be considered seriously endangered". According to the 2002 Russian census, there are 35,527 citizens of the Russian Federation who identify themselves as ethnically Evenki, but only 7,580 speakers of the language.

In China, there is an ethnic population of 30,500 but only 19,000 are fluent in Evenki and only around 3,000 people are monolingual in Evenki. Juha Janhunen investigated multilingualism in Hulunbuir (northern Inner Mongolia) and the adjoining section of Heilongjiang (e.g. Qiqihar) in 1996. He found that most Solons still spoke Evenki, and about half knew the Daur language as well. Furthermore, Mongolian functioned as a lingua franca among members of all minority groups there, as they tended to do their education in Mongolian-medium schools. The only Evenki-speakers whom Janhunen knew not to speak Mongolian as a second language were the Reindeer Evenki (sometimes called "Yakut") in the northern part of Hulunbuir, who used Russian as their "language of intercultural communication". Janhunen predicted that all of these languages, including Mongolian, were likely to lose ground to Chinese in coming years. However Chaoke noted more than a decade later that the usage rate of Evenki remained quite high, and that it was still common to find Evenki speakers who were proficient in three, four, or even five languages.

There is a small population of Mongolized Hamnigan speakers of the Hamnigan dialect of Buryat in Mongolia as well, numbering around 1,000.

There is little information regarding revival efforts or Evenki's status now. In 1998, the language was taught in preschools and primary schools and offered as an option in 8th grade. The courses were regarded as an 'ethnocultural component' to bring Evenki language and culture into the curriculum. Instruction as a second language is also available in the Institute of the Peoples of the North at Herzen University (the former St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University). In the 1980s, Christian missionaries working in Siberia translated the Bible into Evenki and a Christian group called the Global Recordings Network recorded Christian teaching materials in Evenki.

Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Упкат илэл ты̄нмукирди, урэ̄лди мэ̄нңи са̄рича̄ди балдыдяра. Нуңартын дялитви, һалдяндыви биси, мэмэгӣлвэр аяралды̄дяна тэдет о̄мамачитын.

Upkat ilel tyynmukirdi, ureeldi meenŋi saaričaadi waldydjara. Nuŋartyn djalitvi, haldjandyvi bisi, memegiilver ajaraldyydjana tedjet oomamačityn.

title: Evenki language


text: Template:Provinces of Finland

title: Template:Provinces of Finland


text:
TVR Tuscan Speed Six

The TVR Tuscan Speed Six is a sports car which was manufactured by British company TVR from 1999 to 2006. The name pays homage to the original Tuscan which was introduced in 1967.

History

The Tuscan Speed Six was introduced in 1999 and was available for media demonstration in 2000. The reason being then owner Peter Wheeler imposing a ban on press reviews of the car. Initially, the Tuscan Speed Six was fitted with the 4.0 litre version of the TVR Speed Six engine rated at 360 hp at 7,000 rpm and 420 Nm of torque at 5,250 rpm. Later, a Red Rose pack option raised the power output to 380 hp, bringing with it track-focused chassis upgrades as well as an AP Racing braking system. The high performance Tuscan S was the top-of-the-line model rated at 390 hp and had aerodynamic improvements over the base models, most notably a rear lip spoiler to improve downforce.

The Tuscan Speed Six underwent a facelift in 2005 and was now called the Tuscan 2. Exterior changes featured a redesigned front grille and headlamps along with more conventional taillamps. Mechanical changes involved revised spring rates, improved steering response and different suspension geometry to make the car easier to drive on public roads. The base models were detuned to 350 hp and 393 Nm while still retaining the basic weight figure of 1100 kg. The interior was also refreshed and featured a more conventional and ergonomic layout. Production lasted until the closure of TVR in 2006.

Engine
Five different inline-six engine options were offered to customers. Four of these were variants of the naturally aspirated 4.0 L Speed Six fuel fed by multipoint fuel injection making different amounts of power and torque, depending on the trim level selected. The last was a 3.6 L Speed Six which produced the same amount of power as the lowest-level 4.0 L engine, although slightly less torque.

 * Bore x stroke:
 * 96x83 mm 3605 cc;
 * 96x92 mm 3996 cc

 * Power and torque:
 * 3.6L Mk1: 350 bhp, 290 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk1: 360 bhp, 310 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk1 Red Rose: 380 bhp, 310 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk1 S (pre-2003): 390 bhp at 7,000 rpm, 310 lbft at 5,250 rpm
 * 4.0L Mk1 S (post-2003): 400 bhp, 315 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk2 (post-2005): 380 bhp, 310 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk2 S (post-2005): 400 bhp, 315 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk2 Convertible (post-2005): 360 bhp, 310 lbft
 * 4.0L Mk2 Convertible Red Rose (post-2005): 380 bhp, 310 lbft
 * 4.2L Mk2 T440R (2003): 440 bhp at 7,600 rpm, 350 lbft at 6,000 rpm.

Chassis
Even though there have been numerous tweaks to the Tuscan's chassis and suspension, the overall size and appearance of the variants remain virtually identical apart from minor aerodynamic aids to the S model in the form of an undertray in the front and a small boot-lid spoiler on the rear.

In October 2005 the "Mk 2" version of the Tuscan was introduced, though in reality this was just a minor facelift. The modifications were restricted to cosmetic changes to the front and rear lights, the dashboard, and the spoilers on the S model plus some minor changes to the chassis to improve the handling. At the same time, a new variant a full soft top was introduced alongside the original targa version.

Performance
These test results were achieved in a post-2003 Tuscan S without traction-control or anti-lock brakes. TVR's design philosophy holds that such features do not improve either the performance or safety of their vehicles and thus they are not so equipped. TVR rejects the notion that these features, along with airbags, are "safety devices" and believes that, based on testing and experience, their cars are safer without these things than with them.
 * 0–30 mph (48 km/h): 1.72 s
 * 0–60 mph (97 km/h): 3.68 s
 * 0–100 mph (161 km/h): 8.08 s
 * 100–0 mph: 4.15 s

A modified version of the car was used in the 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans, and again the following year.

title: TVR Tuscan Speed Six


text: User:MykReeve/Gallery

title: User:MykReeve/Gallery


text:
Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes

Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes were an American soul and R&B vocal group. One of the most popular Philadelphia soul groups of the 1970s, the group's repertoire included soul, R&B, doo-wop, and disco. Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the middle of the 1950s as The Charlemagnes, the group is most noted for several hits on Gamble and Huff's Philadelphia International label between 1972 and 1976, although they performed and recorded until Melvin's death in 1997. Despite group founder and original lead singer Harold Melvin's top billing, the Blue Notes' most famous member was Teddy Pendergrass, their lead singer during the successful years at Philadelphia International. The remaining members of the Blue Notes have reunited for Soul Train Cruises in 2013, 2015, and 2017.

Early years
The group formerly known as The Charlemagnes took on the name "The Blue Notes" in 1954, with a line-up consisting of lead singer Franklin Peaker, Bernard Williams, Roosevelt Brodie, Jesse Gillis, Jr., and Harold Melvin. The group recorded for a number of labels without success from its inception into the 1960s. The 1960 single "My Hero" was a minor hit for Val-ue Records, and 1965's "Get Out (and Let Me Cry)" was an R&B hit for Landa Records. During this period, the group's line-up changed frequently, with Bernard Williams leaving the act to start a group called "The Original Blue Notes", and Harold Melvin bringing in new lead singer John Atkins. In 1970, the group recruited Teddy Pendergrass as the drummer for their backing band. Pendergrass had been a member of Philadelphia R&B group The Cadillacs (not the New York group that had hits in the late 1950s) and was promoted to lead singer when John Atkins quit the same year.

Philadelphia International success and Pendergrass Years
This line-up of the group, featuring Melvin, Pendergrass, Bernard Wilson, Lawrence Brown, and Lloyd Parks, was signed to Gamble & Huff's Philadelphia International label in 1972. Lloyd Parks was replaced by Jerry Cummings that same year. Shortly after the arrival of Cummings, the Notes scored several major R&B and pop hits including million-selling singles and albums over the next four years. Among the Blue Notes' most important and successful recordings are love songs such as 1972's "If You Don't Know Me by Now" (number 1 Billboard R&B, number 3 pop), their breakout single, "I Miss You" (number 7 R&B, number 58 pop), "The Love I Lost" (number 1 R&B, number 7 pop, 1973) and socially conscious songs such as "Wake Up Everybody" (number 1 R&B, number 12 pop) and "Bad Luck" (number 4 R&B, number 15 pop), both in 1975. "If You Don't Know Me By Now" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on November 21, 1972. "Bad Luck" holds the record for the longest-running number-one hit on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart: 11 weeks. A fourth number 1 R&B hit for the group was 1975's "Hope That We Can Be Together Soon" which featured female vocalist Sharon Paige.

A 1976 remake of "Don't Leave Me This Way" by Motown artist Thelma Houston was a number-one hit on the US pop chart. The Blue Notes' version on the album, Wake Up Everybody, was not released as a single in the US at the time, but proved to be the group's biggest hit in the UK (number 5) when released there as a single in 1977. The track was finally issued as a single in the US on 12-inch in 1979, coupled with "Bad Luck". The group recorded four albums with Gamble & Huff, all of them going gold (over 500,000 copies), according to RIAA, including To Be True (number 26, Billboard Top 40 albums) and Wake Up Everybody (number 9), both in 1975. Wake Up Everybody and a greatest hits compilation released in 1976, Collector's Item, has now sold over a million copies.

Despite the success, the Blue Notes' line-up continued to change regularly. In 1972, Melvin brought in Jerry Cummings to replace Lloyd Parks and Sharon Paige was added to the line-up at that time, providing solo performances on several recordings. While at the top of their success in 1976, Pendergrass quit after an argument over the money he earned. A year earlier, he had gained billing recognition by having the act renamed to "Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes featuring Theodore Pendergrass", starting from the To be True album. Pendergrass went on to a successful solo career, with four consecutive million-selling albums with Philadelphia International between 1977 and 1981. His career was almost ended by a paralyzing 1982 car accident. He made a triumphant comeback in 1984, signing with Asylum/Elektra Records, and recording the hit LP Love Language and then the platinum-selling Joy LP, released in 1988, which featured the Grammy-nominated title song, an R&B number 1; his comeback was cemented by an appearance at the Live Aid concert in 1985.

Post Pendergrass years
Melvin replaced Pendergrass with David Ebo. The Blue Notes departed Philadelphia International (who had signed Pendergrass for solo recordings) and joined ABC Records in 1977, where they recorded two albums produced by Melvin. "Reaching for the World" (number 7 R&B, number 74 pop) became the group's last major-selling single. Harold Melvin, Jerry Cummings, and new members Dwight Johnson, David Ebo and William Spratley released The Blue Album in 1980 on Source Records, an imprint of MCA Records, which had acquired ABC Records in 1979. Their final album for MCA, All Things Happen in Time, was released in 1981.

Gil Saunders took the lead position in 1982, replacing David Ebo. With Gil Saunders, the group had success in the United Kingdom with the Philly World album Talk It Up (Tell Everybody), and singles such as "Today's Your Lucky Day" and "Don't Give Me Up". Several of the Pendergrass-era hits were re-recorded in the UK with Gil Saunders on lead. Saunders left the act in 1992, and Harold Melvin continued to tour with various line-ups of Blue Notes, until suffering a stroke in 1996.

Melvin died on March 24, 1997, at the age of 57 and was laid to rest at the Ivy Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Lawrence Brown died of a respiratory condition on April 6, 2008, at age 63. In addition, three former members of the group would die during the year 2010. First, Teddy Pendergrass died of respiratory failure on January 13, 2010, at age 59, after having previously dealt with colon cancer. Six months later, original member Roosevelt Brodie, who was the second tenor for the original Blue Notes, died July 13, 2010, at age 75 due to complications of diabetes. And just five months later in that year, Bernard Wilson died on December 26, 2010, at age 64 from complications of a stroke and a heart attack. Pendergrass' predecessor, John Atkins, died of an aneurysm in 1998. David Ebo, who succeeded Pendergrass, died of bone cancer on November 30, 1993, at age 43. The death of Sharon Paige was reported on July 5, 2020. Gil Saunders died on February 4, 2021.

Lloyd Parks, Jerry Cummings, and Bobby Cook are the sole survivors of the Blue Notes.

Legacy
Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes hits have been re-recorded by other artists, including David Ruffin, Simply Red, Jimmy Somerville, Sybil, the Three Degrees and John Legend, while dance music DJ Danny Rampling cites "Wake Up Everybody" as his favorite song of all time. Gil Saunders continued to perform as a solo artist, and performed all the hits of the past as well as his own material. Several members of various incarnations of the Blue Notes continue to tour as "Harold Melvin's Blue Notes". Melvin's widow, Ovelia currently manages Harold Melvin's Blue Notes, featuring lead singer Donnell "Big Daddy" Gillespie, Anthony Brooks, Rufus Thorne and John Morris. For his album This Note's for You, singer Neil Young named his back-up band, the Blue Notes, without permission from name rights holder Harold Melvin. Melvin took legal action against Young over use of the Blue Notes name, forcing the singer to change the name of the back-up band to "Ten Men Workin'" during the balance of the tour that promoted the This Note's for You album.

The band is mentioned on Snoop Dogg's 1993 album Doggystyle. In the intro for "Doggy Dogg World" Snoop says "Bitch, you without me is like Harold Melvin without the Blue Notes, you'll never go platinum!" Former member Jerry Cummings is an ordained minister and has been asked to form Jerry Cummings' Blue Notes but has turned down the offer. As of May 2014 Jerry Cummings became the Music Life Coach and producer of the X Factor superstar Lillie McCloud and Lillie has recorded one of Cummings' songs "The Other Part of Me". Rapper Big Boi uses a sample of "I Miss You" on his song "Shine Blockas" feat. Gucci Mane. "I Miss You" was also sampled by Kanye West on Jay-Z's song "This Can't Be Life", featuring Beanie Sigel and Scarface. Also the R&B singer Pleasure P used a sample of "I Miss You" on his song "Letter to My Ex" recorded in 2013.

Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2007.

Neil Young named his This Note's for You backing band The Bluenotes, however, Harold Melvin took legal action, and the album subsequently was credited as a Young solo album, with the backing band's credits removed.

title: Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes


text:
User talk:RadicalBender/Archive1

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela 16:17, 24 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Great to see someone working on stadiums good luck with thoses, Can I suggest adding past teams to Edison Field ie the LA Rams 80-94 Smith03 21:00, 27 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Never knew the Rams played at Anaheim Stadium. :) I'll probably go back and flesh out some of the information after a while.  I'm also starting with baseball teams first and moving to other sports from there.  Once I get around to football, I'm sure I'll pop back to it and add some more historical info.
 * RadicalBender 21:12, 27 Sep 2003 (UTC)

From village pump
Wasn't sure where to post this since it doesn't appear to be vandalism per se, but...the user 130.88.96.66 seems to be deleting large swatches of content in articles related to Sunnis, Christians in Arab nations, etc. (see this for a full list). Unfortunately, I know nothing of the subject matter and can't determine whether or not the guy is a vandal, making things NPOV by omission or what. Perhaps I'm being too cynical and the guy knows what he's doing. Anyways, I at least wanted to make a note of it and ask "What do you do when you're not sure if it's vandalism?" RadicalBender 05:30, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * If the person does not explain why they are deleting text, then feel free to revert and if they keep it up list them on Vandalism in progress. --mav 05:46, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, the person is now definitely an NPOV writer at least, since he vandalized Zionism very negatively as well. Anyways, most of the edits have already been undone now by various people. RadicalBender 06:29, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

All sorted? :) Martin 18:43, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Manga
I want to notice you that, in Japanese language, there is no distinction among sounds of "n", "m", and "ng" unless they precede a vowel or "y". Actually, most native Japanese speakers usually pronounce "Manga" as either "mang-nga" or "mang-ga" ("a" as "farm" but short"). When emphasised, "Manga" can be pronounced in three syllables as "ma-n-ga". I have no idea how "Manga" should be pronounced in English. -- (a native speaker) Takanoha 15:12, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * But what I gathered from what the way the person wrote it, it sounded like he intended for the alternate pronounciation to be "mang-ga" (where "mang" rhymes with "sang") not with the slight g sound at the end of the first syllable of the word (more "mahng-gah"), which is left off, I would presume, because it's harder to understand by someone who's never heard the word "manga" uttered by someone who's Japanese. And, yes, I understand that the word has far more intricacy in the pronounciation than what's written in the article (most Japanese words do), I'm trying to make sure that it's simple enough to understand and still (mostly) pronounce correctly.  That's all. RadicalBender 15:18, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC) (not a native speaker, but trying to learn anyways)

Do not take me saying "Mahn-Gah" is wrong. My point is that the closing consonant of the first syllable can be "ng" (as in "sang"). I guess, you, I and he (whose edit you reverted) all agree that "mang-ga" is allowable and easier to pronounce. Thank you. -- Takanoha 01:47, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hope you have the time to put in the "Irresponsible Captain Tylor" one day! I think it sounds like Musekinin Kanchou in the original AlainV 02:20, 2004 Feb 11 (UTC)

 * AlainV, are you talking to me? If so, I failed to get to the point. Am I irresponsibly saying "mang-ga" is allowable? Allowing "mang-ga" for "man-ga" is like "Tylor" for "taira"? -- Takanoha

Hello! It was a comment adressed to RadicalBender. It was not related to the pronounciation of the word "manga".AlainV 02:21, 2004 Feb 12 (UTC)

Heh, I need to see Tylor first before I can write about it, I think. :) My "to watch" list is very long (maybe 200 titles, as opposed to the 200 or so I've seen). RadicalBender 03:44, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Request for Comment
Requests for comment/Homegrown images - UtherSRG 16:35, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Ship photos
Hi, it's great that you're adding all the ship photos! (I go through phases of adding and laziness... :-) ). A couple comments; you don't need to say "public domain" photo, it's cleaner to leave it on the image description page for the few who are interested in the source (it's like where books put all their photo credits in front or back matter, not in the text itself), and it's nice to have a bigger version of each picture, since the thumb loses much of the important detail. Stan 22:42, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Heh, I spotted the new extended image syntax about halway through adding something like 20 million pictures. ^^;; I felt that for consistency's sake (for the time being) that I'd just keep doing what I was doing and come back to the bigger pictures later.

 * The public domain notice I wasn't sure about (there was no unity on this standard as I went through the various ships' pages). But I'm about to make a pass through everything I've done already to unify the tables (which are all out of wack), and I'll strip out the public domain notice as I go through.

 * Much work still to be for the Naval ships. Hopefully the aircraft carriers will be finished soon, but cruiser coverage is spotty and there are still no destroyers or frigates (let alone amphibious assault ships, oilers, ad nauseum).  So I have my work cut out for me. :)

 * RadicalBender 23:07, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I am overjoyed at seeing the jeep carriers sprout up in here. I think they are the most underestimated and underappreciated ships of WWII. I have been putting off making a general article on them because of my writing on desk types and forms and the office of the future and related topics.AlainV 02:20, 2004 Feb 11 (UTC)

Just in general, there seems to be quite a bit missing from World War II as well. A lot of the higher-level ideas and vehicles are there, but there is quite a lot missing. There's no F6F Hellcat, for example, and even the article on the Sherman tank is woefully underdeveloped, with no information on just how important it was in Europe. But, I'll get to all that after I wrap up the US Navy. :) RadicalBender 03:44, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Re: your changes to Big Bend - I see you added links to Coahuila and Chihuahua in the history section, there were already links to them in the first paragraph, I believe it is convention to only link on the first occurance (though I'm dubious about this on long articles). You also added a link to Manuel Benavides but no article exists - are you going to write one? In my opinion (and that's all it is) I don't like the links to every year/date, I try to link only when the item has some direct connection to the one being read. Someone reading about Big Bend NP isn't going to see the link for 1944 and think "I wonder what else happened then" and even if they do, it is so very easy to type the year number into the navigation field. The links are distracting. I haven't undone any of your changes because none of them are actually harmful. Further discussion welcomed on my talk page. Bob Palin 16:42, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for that revert. I was intending to revert it myself. David Newton 05:01, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Main Page
Are you going to be updating Vladimir Putin to reflect the current event? If not, then that item is going to have to be removed from the Main Page. --mav

 * Someone else beat me to it. RadicalBender 14:48, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Quit reverting and mis-redirecting this NPOV article! [removing hate-mongering definition that I don't want on my talk page]
 * No. RadicalBender 21:28, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Look. Last time. Don't add it to my talk page. RadicalBender 03:05, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Robert Lee Hayes
No real reason, but Bob Hayes is at least a redirect. --Ryan and/or Mero 05:17, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, true, but usually the article titles should go by the most common name (see this for what I mean). RadicalBender 05:29, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, I've moved it back. --Ryan and/or Mero 06:13, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

Hey. I have to follow some standard, right? Easier enough to change later. Nateji77 06:27, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Has wikipedia decided to decimalise imperial measurements?
That sounds like an odd question, I agree. But I note RB that you are giving imperial measurements in decimal form on the aircraft pages, C-130 for instance. Like, 97ft 9in as 97.75ft (eg). Is that a new policy for wikipedia? Moriori 00:34, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * I actually have no idea. I'm just going on the information that I have in front me (I'm filling in data based on a book I have).  I didn't really think about it one way or another.  Is there a Wikipedia page on units of measurement somewhere? RadicalBender 00:37, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Wherever possible, WikiProject Aircraft is encouraging use of both systems. I'll add the conversion factors there for Aircraft contributors to use.

 * I am not sure who I am replying to here. As far as I can see, the systems that WikiProject Aircraft is encouragiing is decimal and imperial, and not decimalised imperial. Bender, do you have approval to take details from a book and publish them here? What is the name of the book? Moriori 01:38, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, well let me see what I can do on the units of measurement and what not. I guess I'll have to fiddle with the newer (although with the ugly Wikitablecode) Aircraft table anyways, so I guess I'll go back and change everything. :-\

 * As far as the book goes, I'm only using it for the statistical numbers for aircraft (that you can also find on 100 web sites online because it's all from public domain government info) - things like length of aircraft, top speed, missile complements, etc. Everything else (when I'm writing things) is of my own creation.  I'm only using the book instead of the web sites because it's faster.  As for the title, well, the cover fell off of the book several years ago (it's seen a lot of use over maybe 12 years or so), but I think it's called Modern American Weapons or something like that. RadicalBender 02:37, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Style for numbers, weights, and measures might help. It basically says give both, though see also the Measurements Debate. Angela. 02:15, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * That's a given. What I am querying is not use of both decimal and imperial, but use of decimalised imperial where imperial is intended like 3.75 feet when 3ft 9in is intended. Should we apply this to time as well. If it takes 1hr 35min to do something, should we write it as 1.58333333333hr? Hope not. Cheers.  Moriori 03:15, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

Aircraft
Hi - nice to see someone else contributing aircraft. WikiProject Aircraft is working towards standardising how this info is presented in Wikipedia. You might like to use the new version of the data table that uses friendlier wikicode inplace of the html version of the table. Cheers --Rlandmann 01:31, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I've been looking at it somewhat, and I'm really not digging the use of the Wikicode table in that (I find it ghastly for entering information). But, besides, I'm really just entering in missing data is all.  Most of the additional fields in the sample table I don't have data for either. RadicalBender 01:54, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi RadicalBender, I notice you've been making changes to the F-15 page. One suggestion - when deleting the old-style General Characteristics, and putting it in the new table, could you try to avoid removing information (for example about the number of aircraft deployed). -- Cabalamat 13:26, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

En-er-ee
Heh, thanks for making the song go round in my head. "And every one was an En-er-ee (En-er-ee!), she wouldn't have a Willy or a Sam (no Sam!)..." fabiform | talk 16:11, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Rockstar Games
I've removed the link you added under March 1 for 2004. Aside from the fact that it is debatable whether a new GTA game is worthy of being on the list, the simple announcement of said game is certainly not. :) --Dante Alighieri | Talk 21:58, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Uh, OK, but the link to Grey Tuesday a few days ago is news? :) I mean, I'm not saying this is front-page material but the last game sold 30,000,000 copies and was the top-selling video game of 2003 (right in front of its predecessor at #2).  This game is almost immediately the most-anticipated video game of 2004.  I mean, it's not "Osama bin Laden found in shallow ditch in Tipperary" type material, but it's still reasonably important (especially when compared with other marginal current events that have made it in in the past). RadicalBender 22:08, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The link to Grey Tuesday should certainly go as well, I just didn't notice it. Like I said, I'm not saying that the game itself isn't worthy of inclusion on the list, but think about what you added. You said, that on March 1, 2004, an important event occurred. That event? The announcement of the next installment in the series. ;) Wait til the game comes out and then put that date in the 'pedia. FYI, the most anticipated game of 2004 is unquestionably Halo 2. Even Unreal Tournament 2004 may be more anticipated than the new GTA. Not that I don't love GTA, I'll be getting it when it comes out. :) As for marginal events having made it in in the past, delete away! I wasn't hunting for it or anything, I just found it by chance when I was doing an update on the Aristide situation. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 23:22, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Administrator Status
You are now one of the Administrators. Congrats, please read Administrators' reading list if you havn't already, and use the sysop powers with care. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 18:18, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Private life
You commented: Never mind on Private life - author blanked page, so I deleted it. That's User:Barbara Shack taking apart the Tony Blair article. I have the feeling she's in over her head there, and I have not seen any discussion on this on the article's talk page. Lupo 15:24, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Protection
Ok, I'll look up your protections page. Rickyrab 20:18, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the revert on John Kerry - but it seems that all he was adding was a link ( Google Directory - John Kerry) ;) By the way, what does "Radical bender" mean, in relation to Nihongo? - S   22:11, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * No, the anon didn't add the Google directory site (which I would've been fine with), but he added some other general site that leeches a bunch of content from other sites and doesn't otherwise provide any value. Looked like Spam.

 * As far as where Radical Bender comes from, "Bender" comes from a truncation of my name, "Ben Dyer" and "Radical" came from genius hacker "Radical Edward" from the anime Cowboy Bebop. Hence, "Radical Bender." :)  Needed something unique that no one would ever have on any site I would ever visit in the future.  RadicalBender 22:15, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

A request
RB, I know that Anthony is frustrating in many ways. I have been frustrated by him many times. And his listings at VfD are often so inconceivable that I feel much the same as your comments about his wasting people's time. But saying it in public is something I would like to ask you to avoid. As a result of your comments, Anthony said much the same thing to Muriel: I know, you didn't "make" him do it, but Anthony seems to mirror other people's treatment of him more than most people. I have bent over backwards to be civil to him as much as I can, and as a result I think Anthony is receptive to my comments (both positive and negative). I blasted Anthony for slamming Muriel, and he asked me to say the same to you as you had made the wasting time comment first -- I think he does have a point. If we treat Anthony better than he deserves and he continues to waste time and muck up the works here, banning is a likely possibility -- worst case scenarios occur when good editors enter into flamewars with apparent trolls, which (according to Jimmy Wales, anyway) makes it much tougher to justify banning someone who has admittedly been verbally abused a bit. I understand I am asking for a lot, but I hope you'll take my comments seriously. I think you're an excellent editor (if I didn't vote for you as admin, I meant to....but I'm almost sure I did), and I hope what I have said is worthy of your consideration. Thanks, Jwrosenzweig 17:29, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC) -- Just to be clear, I don't know if Anthony is a troll (I change my mind frequently) or if he is willing and able to become a contributor here. Time will tell us, I think, although with each new incident, trolling does look more likely. I do want to be honest and fair in my assessment of him, hence this postscript.

 * You are correct, of course. However, I hate to say it (and I haven't said it publicly, but I've been thinking about it a lot these past days), but if Wikipedia is to be destroyed it will be through these sort of actions from people on the "inside" - those who would abuse and manipulate the system and processes internally for their own personal motivations, whatever they may be.  It unfortunately takes advantage of the good will of others and, while users like this do eventually disappear or get banned (from previous experience), they sap the strength of honest contributors.  I've seen it in a lot of communities (far more than I'd like) before and I hate to see it here.  (On a side note, on communities that I run myself, I am very itchy about maintaining the integrity of the community, even if it stunts growth in the short term.)

 * Anyways, like I said though, you are right and I was hasty for saying so and I'll be careful to watch what I say so early in the morning (I'm usually better at restraining myself once I'm awake)... =_= RadicalBender 17:50, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

World leaders
Your timeline of world leaders (to which I was referred by the Village pump) is simply amazing. Despite the cons you pointed out (most notably the lack of clear cut-off points for the reign of kings, other than those who were actually cut-off), I suggest you go for it. I myself have once attempted to create a graphic Wikipedia timeline (the embarrassing and Wiki-wise illegal, but yours is infinitely better, and would make a fine addition to Wikipedia's history section.

(Note that even the staunchest support does not imply providing any form or manner of help. :) )

-- Itai 02:27, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I L-O-V-E your timeline of world leaders! Sorry it takes so long to make. But I don't think anyone in the world has ever tried something so important and ambitious. How can I help? --Uncle Ed 17:54, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow. OK.  :)  There didn't seem to be much interest when I first mentioned it.  Lemme work out a to-do list for this.  Well, one thing you may be able to help with is if you know anyone who knows anything about programming bots.  I would like to know if it would be possible to use a bot to automatically create this info (or what I would have to do to make that possible).  I'd like to explore that avenue first before I try to create something off of Wikipedia. RadicalBender 17:59, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * RadicalBender, Itai Fiat pointed me to your pages, since I discussed graphical timelines with him. I developed a perl script that can generate a graphical timeline from (hopefully) easily understandable commands. The perl script is in beta, the documentation is far from complete, and may stay like that for a while. Your chart is bit more pleasing to the eye, I have to say. But my idea is that people can define a timechart by editing a script which will also be stored on Wikipedia. Thus others can make changes fairly easily.
 * A html table may be more fitting for your project. Stil::l, if you're interested you can take a preview at
 * I do not support images yet, but the rendering tool I use (Ploticus) allows them, so it may be added sometime. Also Ploticus supports clickable maps, so I might add that. I haven't tried if these will function in Wikipedia though. Cheers, Erik Zachte 22:27, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Poopy llama
Why did you delete the poopy llama link? I am intrigued... ;-) --Uncle Ed 17:51, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, a "poopy llama doused in molasses" didn't seem terribly encyclopedic to me. Besides, "poopy" seems POV to me... :) RadicalBender 17:53, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

bender: you wrote to me that the human brain does not need its own page. I agree. There is enough about the brain on the main page, but people are tyring to put all kinds of images on there that are out of scale and flipped images of the wrong side of a human brain (lobes are different sizes, so that is misleading). So I thought it mite be a good thing to start a new human brain page. The brain page as it was about five our six weeks ago was okay, but if somebody added something after that and they are not sure it is accurate, i would rather read a simple article that nobody disagrees with. If te writer wants the changes reverted and the article sdeleted, that would be a good thing to delete them. There are a bunch of stubs about brain parts that really could all go to the brain page. There hsould be just one main page for most subjects, like Jimbo dictated on the marijuana talk page.

 * Well, I didn't say that Human brain doesn't need its own page, just that the typo page didn't need to be created.

 * As far as the brain and Human brain article, I know nothing of the subject. But, as I've already said, all that I can see is that you've been changing the article entirely and removing links and images and what not.  Please, use the discussion pages (click "Discuss this Page") on the left sidebar from those pages to talk about it with others who know about the subject or try to incorporate some of your changes in a NPOV way into the article.  Please don't just unilaterally modify the article with your content.  Thank you.  RadicalBender 20:35, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

What are you supposed to do with a "stub"?????????? User:Comrade Riche

ok, now i understand (im new to wikipedia), thanks for helping me!

 * Glad I could help. Have fun!  :)  RadicalBender 04:59, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hey RB -- I was going to go to bed, but then I saw the crazy revert war at the Pump. I have to admit I feel responsible for setting off this round of the insanity -- but I'm guessing if it wasn't me reverting that page it would have been someone else reverting another one. Thanks for dealing with it. BCorr ¤ Брайен 05:16, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

Tim Starling unprotected Village Pump. RickK 05:21, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I noticed that someone else did that. I have removed the protection notice.  RadicalBender 05:23, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Bertuzzi incident:

I got it figured out now:

1. I added it at current events 2. David Gerard removed it 3. someone at Mediawiki:itn complained that it wasn't on current events 4. you added it to current events 5. I added it again to current events not knowing yours was added 6. You removed my dupe

it's confusing! dave 16:57, Mar 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * I was just about to reply with that exact chain of events. :) RadicalBender 16:59, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Tidied up Jem'Hadar entry as listed on the Cleanup page. Sectionised, rearranged, spell-checked and some rework of language usage. Reasonably respectable now, have removed from Cleanup page, hope this is OK! (I'm a newbie)

Zoney 15:09, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * It looks great! Appreciate it.  Welcome to Wikipedia. :) RadicalBender 15:10, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:RadicalBender/Archive1


text:
User talk:OttarGE

Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you have a good experience and choose to stick around once your class project is done. In the mean time, good luck with your contributions. When you get a chance, drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

I should mention that we don't put redirects to user pages in the main namespace, so I've deleted yours.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp.

Welcome is a good place to start. How does one edit a page gives editing help. Manual of Style gives formatting info. Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now. Help covers a broad range of useful topics. Village pump is a place to ask questions. Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving.

You should also feel free to drop me a question on my talk page. I'll answer if I'm here.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 19:27, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:OttarGE


text:
Donny Hathaway

Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American soul singer, keyboardist, songwriter, backing vocalist, and arranger who Rolling Stone described as a "soul legend". His most popular songs include "The Ghetto", "This Christmas", "Someday We'll All Be Free", and "Little Ghetto Boy". Hathaway is also renowned for his renditions of "A Song for You", "For All We Know", and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know", along with "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. He has been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame and won one Grammy Award from four nominations. Hathaway was also posthumously honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019. Dutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary called Mister Soul – A Story About Donny Hathaway, which premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28, 2020.

Early life
Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born into an African American family in Chicago, Illinois, and was raised by his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis, Missouri. Hathaway began singing in the church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three, and studying piano. He graduated from Vashon High School in 1963. Hathaway then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he met his roommate and drummer Ric Powell, who ultimately launched Donny's musical career as a member of "The Ric Powell Trio". At Howard, he was also a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, but during 1967, just before completing a degree, Donny and Ric left Howard after receiving job offers in the music business with the likes of Curtis Mayfield's Curtom Records in Chicago.

Career
Hathaway worked as a songwriter, session musician, and producer for Curtis Mayfield's Curtom Records in Chicago. He did the arrangements for hits by the Unifics ("Court of Love" and "The Beginning of My End") and took part in projects by the Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, Aretha Franklin, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield himself. After becoming a "house producer" at Curtom, he started recording there. Hathaway recorded his first single under his own name in 1969, a duet with singer June Conquest called "I Thank You, Baby". They also recorded the duet "Just Another Reason", released as the B-side. Former Cleveland Browns president Bill Futterer, who as a college student promoted Curtom in the southeast in 1968 and 1969, was befriended by Hathaway and has cited Hathaway's influence on his later projects.

That year, Hathaway signed to Atco Records, then a division of Atlantic Records, after being spotted for the label by producer/musician King Curtis at a trade convention. He released his first single of note, "The Ghetto, Pt. 1", which he co-wrote with former Howard roommate Leroy Hutson, who became a performer, writer, and producer with Curtom. The track appeared the following year on his critically acclaimed debut LP, Everything Is Everything, which he co-produced with Ric Powell while also arranging all the cuts.

His second LP, Donny Hathaway, consisted mostly of covers of contemporary pop, soul, and gospel songs. His third album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway was an album of duets with former Howard University associate and label mate Roberta Flack, for whom he previously sang backup on "Killing Me Softly with His Song" that established him, especially on the pop charts. The album was a critical and commercial success, including the Ralph MacDonald-penned track "Where Is the Love", which proved to be not only an R&B success, but also scored Top Five on the pop Hot 100. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on September 5, 1972. The album also included other covers, including versions of Carole King's "You've Got a Friend", "Baby I Love You", originally a hit for Aretha Franklin, and "You've Lost That Loving Feeling".

Perhaps Hathaway's most influential recording is his 1972 album, Live, which has been termed "one of the best live albums ever recorded" by Daryl Easlea of the BBC. The album is on the list of "40 Favourite Live Albums" published by British online music and culture magazine The Quietus. It was recorded at two concerts: side one at the Troubadour in Hollywood, and side two at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.

Hathaway was the co-composer and performer of the Christmas standard, "This Christmas". The song, released in 1970, has become a holiday staple and is often used in movies, television and advertising. "This Christmas" has been covered by numerous artists across diverse musical genres, including The Whispers, Diana Ross, Aretha Franklin, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Stevie Wonder, Alexander O'Neal, Christina Aguilera, Chicago, Harry Connick, Jr., Dru Hill, *NSYNC, Gloria Estefan, Boney James, The Cheetah Girls, Chris Brown, Anthony Arnett (First Baptist Bracktown Christmas Celebration), Patti LaBelle and Mary J. Blige (A Mary Christmas), Seal, Train and CeeLo Green, among other artists.

Hathaway followed this flurry of work with contributions to soundtracks, along with his recording of the theme song to the TV series Maude. He composed and conducted music for the 1972 soundtrack of the movie Come Back Charleston Blue. In the mid-1970s, he produced albums for other artists including Cold Blood, where he expanded the musical range of lead singer Lydia Pense.

His final studio album, Extension of a Man came out in 1973 with two tracks, "Love Love Love" and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know" reaching both the pop and R&B charts. It also included his classic ballad, "Someday We'll All Be Free" and a six-minute symphonic-styled instrumental piece called "I Love The Lord, He Heard My Cry". He told UK music journalist David Nathan in 1973, "I always liked pretty music and I've always wanted to write it." Added the writer, "He declined to give one particular influence or inspiration but said that Ravel, Debussy and Stravinsky were amongst whom he studied."

He returned to the charts in 1978 after again teaming up with Roberta Flack for a duet, "The Closer I Get to You" on her album, Blue Lights in the Basement. The song topped the R&B chart and reached the No. 2 spot on the Hot 100. Atlantic then put out another solo single, "You Were Meant For Me" shortly before his sudden death.

Liner notes for later releases of his final solo album explain: "Donny is no longer here, but the song "Someday We'll All Be Free" gathers momentum as part of his legacy... Donny literally sat in the studio and cried when he heard the playback of his final mix. It's pretty special when an artist can create something that wipes them out." Edward Howard, lyricist of the song, adds, "It was a spiritual thing for me... What was going through my mind at the time was Donny, because Donny was a very troubled person. I hoped that at some point he would be released from all that he was going through. There was nothing I could do but write something that might be encouraging for him. He's a good leader for young black men".

Family
In 1967, Hathaway married Eulaulah Vann. The two met while attending Howard University where both were studying music. They had two daughters, Eulaulah Donyll (Lalah) and Kenya Canc'Libra. Lalah has enjoyed a successful solo career, while Kenya is a session singer and one of the three backing vocalists on the hit TV program American Idol. Both daughters are graduates of the Berklee College of Music.

Mental illness
During the peak of his career, Hathaway began experiencing severe bouts of depression and exhibiting unusual behavior. In 1971, he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia for which he was prescribed various medications. At one point, Hathaway was prescribed fourteen different medications that he was to take twice a day. After Hathaway was diagnosed and began taking medication, his mental state improved. However, Eulaulah Hathaway has said that her father became less than diligent about following his prescription regimen when he began feeling better and often stopped taking his medications altogether. From 1973 to 1977, Hathaway's mental instability wreaked havoc on his life and career and required several hospitalizations. The effects of his depression and severe mood swings also drove a wedge in his and Flack's friendship; they did not reconcile for several years, and did not release additional music until the successful release of "The Closer I Get To You" in 1978. Flack and Hathaway then resumed studio recording to compose a second album of duets.

Death
Sessions for another album of duets were underway in 1979. On January 13, Hathaway began a recording session with producers/musicians Eric Mercury and James Mtume. Each reported that although Hathaway was singing fine, he began behaving irrationally, seeming to be paranoid and delusional. According to Mtume, Hathaway said that white people were trying to kill him and had connected his brain to a machine for the purpose of stealing his music and his voice. Given Hathaway's behavior, Mercury said that he decided the recording session could not continue, so he aborted it and all of the musicians went home.

Hours later, Hathaway was found dead on the pavement below the window of his 15th-floor room in New York City's Essex House hotel at 160 Central Park South. It was reported that he had jumped from his balcony. The glass had been neatly removed from the window and there were no signs of a struggle, leading investigators to rule that Hathaway's death was a suicide. Flack was devastated and, spurred by his death, included the few duets they had finished on her next album, Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway. According to Mercury, Hathaway's final recording was "You Are My Heaven", a song Mercury co-wrote with Stevie Wonder.

Hathaway's funeral was conducted by the Reverend Jesse Jackson. Later in 1979, the Whispers recorded the tribute "Song for Donny" for their self-titled album. The song reached No. 21 on the R&B chart. That same year, they used that tribute song's arrangement to do a cover of Hathaway's song "This Christmas", included on their Christmas album, Happy Holidays to You.

Influence
According to Allison Keyes from NPR, Hathaway's solo recordings are "part of the foundation of American soul music" and have "influenced performers from R&B singers Alicia Keys & Aaliyah to rapper Common to singer-guitarist George Benson". He was named the 49th-greatest singer of all time in a 2010 list published by Rolling Stone. Justin Timberlake called him "the best singer of all time." Raúl Midón said that Hathaway is "the strongest soul singer that ever existed" and compares his vocal technique to a classical vocalist. "When Donny sings any song, he owns it," Stevie Wonder was quoted by David Ritz as saying. Amy Winehouse called Hathaway her favorite artist of all time. Rock critic Robert Christgau described Hathaway as "a synthesizer of limitless cultural aspiration" who "conveyed a sense of roots" and was never content with "the classbound pop fantasies of Ashford & Simpson", but mused that "the idealistic credulousness of a project that incorporated pop, jazz, a little blues, lots of gospel, and the conservatory into an all-over black style is linked to the floridity that mars much of his work."

As guest

 * Phil Upchurch – Upchurch (Cadet, 1969)
 * Phil Upchurch – The Way I Feel (Cadet, 1970)
 * Aretha Franklin – Young, Gifted and Black (Atlantic, 1972)
 * Roberta Flack – Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway (Atlantic, 1980)

Tributes

 * On the 1999 Rise album by Gabrielle, the track "When a Woman" references singing along to Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway. Gabrielle also later went on to cover "This Christmas".
 * On soul group the Whispers' 1979 self-titled album, the group paid homage with "Song for Donny", written by fellow soul singer Carrie Lucas. The song was set to the melody of Hathaway's "This Christmas".
 * In 1999, Aaron Hall recorded a brief tribute version of "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the third album for his group Guy titled Guy III, with Teddy Riley and Damion Hall
 * In September 2001, Alicia Keys performed "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the 9/11 televised tribute concert America: A Tribute to Heroes.
 * In 2005, neo-soul singer songwriter guitarist- Raul Midón (Blue Note) worked with Hathaway's longtime producer Arif Mardin (known for collaborations with the Bee Gees, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Norah Jones, and Aretha Franklin) and created a tribute song to Hathaway called "Sittin' in the Middle".
 * In 2005, Donny Hathaway's standout version of the 1934 classic "For All We Know" was honored in a cover by R&B (Jive/RCA, Giant, Arista/Bad Boy) vocalist Anthony "Tony" Ulysses Thompson (1976-2007), on his Indie label (In-Depth) The Return album; Thompson's final solo-single recording, as tribute to Hathaway.
 * In her 2006 song "Rehab", Amy Winehouse sings of learning from "Mr. Hathaway" instead of going to rehab.
 * In 2007, Deniece Williams covered "Someday We'll All Be Free" for her Love, Niecy Style album. Williams later shared that she broke down in tears in the studio while recording.
 * In 2008, Ed Pavlic published Winners Have Yet to Be Announced (University of Georgia Press), poems re-imagining the life of Donny Hathaway.
 * The song "What a Catch, Donnie", from Fall Out Boy's fourth studio album, Folie à Deux (2008), is named for Hathaway and mentions Roberta Flack, his writing partner.
 * Bizzy Bone's song entitled "A Song for You", is a track that includes an interpretation of Donny Hathaway's original recording of the same name.
 * In 2010, Amy Winehouse sang one of Donny's songs, "We're Still Friends", for a live concert.
 * In the 2013 song "Classic", band MKTO references writing songs "like Hathaway"
 * In 2017, in the episode "The First Day of the Rest of Your Life" from AMC's The Walking Dead. The character of Sasha, played by Sonequa Martin-Green, dies by suicide while listening to "Someday We'll All Be Free."
 * In 2019, in the episode "And Salt the Earth Behind You" from HBO's Euphoria. Hathaway's cover of "A Song for You" plays during a montage of the day of the death of the father of the character of Rue Bennett, played by Zendaya.
 * In the 2019 song "Ladies, Ladies, Ladies", JID raps that he knew a girl who "used to love Donny Hathaway".
 * In 2021, Hathaway's cover of John Lennon's "Jealous Guy" was used during the credits in episode 7 of the second season of Mythic Quest.

title: Donny Hathaway


text: Template:Regions of Finland

title: Template:Regions of Finland


text:
Front pointing

Front-pointing (or German technique) is a technique used in mountaineering and ice climbing where a climber embeds, usually by a kicking action, the sharp metal 'front-point(s)' of their modern metal rigid crampon into the ice or hard packed snow to gain a secure foothold to assist their upward momentum on the climbing route.

Front-pointing places greater strain on the leg muscles than the French technique where the feet remain flat on the surface using the "duck foot" (feet pointing either side at 90 degrees), or the "flat foot" (moving diagonally up the slope). For steep slopes of about 45 degrees and upwards, the French technique is less feasible to execute. Some use a hybrid technique, the "pied troisieme" (or the 3 o'clock position), where one crampon (the lower one) is front-pointing while the other crampon is at a 90-degree sideways angle but still flat on the surface and following the French technique; this hybrid technique allows climbers to avoid the strain of full front-pointing when ascending snow slopes that are both long and steep. Front-pointing is an easy concept but takes experience to apply efficiently and safely. Ice climbers need to ensure that when kicking the front-points of their crampons into ice they do not shatter the wider surface, which could break off. Novice ice climbers, and particularly those used to rock climbing, tend to raise their heels upward when front-pointing — as rock climbers do on footholds — which can cause the points of the crampon to shear out of the ice; experienced climbers drop their heels slightly. While front-pointing encourages a direct upward climbing style, ice climbers need to maintain a resting "triangle position", with the feet apart on either side of their centre of gravity (COG), and avoid their feet being together right under their COG.

Front-pointing dates from the early 1930s when Grivel added two front points to their 10-point crampon of the French technique. It came to international prominence when Heinrich Harrer, in his book about the famous 1938 first ascent of the Eiger north face, said "I looked back, down our endless ladder of [French technique] steps. Up it, I saw the New Era coming at express speed; there were two men running — I mean running, not climbing — up". The two men were Anderl Heckmair and Ludwig Vörg, who were front-pointing on the Eiger's second ice field. They joined with Heckmair and Fritz Kasparek to complete the climb. In the 1960s, Stubai bent the second row of points forward for additional "heel-dropping traction" when front-pointing (see image).

title: Front pointing


text: User:Secretlondon/Photo Gallery London Bridges


text:
Talk:Albemarle Sound

Untitled
Albemarle Sound is a body of generally fresh water Nor brackish? Wetman 19:41, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I cribbed that from the Columbia Gazeteer's wording. I would have thought brackish too, but I don't know what the tidal inflow is, and what degree of mixing there is. -- Decumanus 19:45, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I replaced "body of generally fresh water" with a link to "estuary". The estuary page says that a key trait of estuaries is the mixing of fresh water from rivers and salt water from tides.  And anyway, unless I'm totally confused, Albemarle Sound is a classic example of an estuary. Pfly 05:00, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

I've noticed changing categories, adding/removing of Category:Sounds of North Carolina and Category:Estuaries of North Carolina. It seems odd to me that there are categories at this level of detail, but for what it's worth, Albermarle Sound is both a sound and an estuary, as are all the sounds of North Carolina. I don't think it is an either/or thing. Pfly 19:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * This is beginning to be a problem. Let's discuss it. Wikipedia talk:WikiProject North Carolina --TinMan 03:00, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The Albemarle Sound is definately brackish. I've seen the salt wedge come up so far that there were actually saltwater fish and other animals as far up as the NC 32 bridge and further.  W4otn 04:57 30 December 2007  —Preceding comment was added at 04:57, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Albemarle Sound