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Wikipedia talk:Navigation template

Dispute Resolution Noticeboard
I have requested mediation at the Dispute Resolution Noticeboard, to diffuse this conflict. D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 20:49, 31 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Are you kidding me? The discussion had not concluded here yet. In fact, when I saw it earlier today, I wasn't even clear on where the problem was and was hoping for some clarification from either one of the two original commenters. Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:38, 31 December 2018 (UTC)
 * That's a fair complaint. - TurokSwe (talk) 00:34, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * So far, all the other editors have ceased editing, to discuss this conflict - one that you're the only party on one side of - while you're continuing to push your angle and take the opportunity to edit war. If you genuinely wish to settle it, then alright, we can settle it here. But, you could at least have the courtesy to step back like everyone else and at least discuss it, rather than continuing to revert and try to earn brownie points by complimenting editors who say they wish for us to keep it here. D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 17:07, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * @, now you're reverting 's edits?? You are way out of line with your edit-warring and seriously need to step back. D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 17:33, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not edit warring (not intentionally at least). I reverted Moxy's edits because they were unwarranted, were without explanation, and engaged in an edit war. I've been engaged in the discussion from the start, however the discussion isn't even going any further, and I don't see why I ought to cease improving the articles while waiting for responses to this particular discussion. - TurokSwe (talk) 18:11, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I have no vested interest in this discussion but my name came up so here I am. I have another concern spamming of a blog with no content added and no edit summaries pls see -Reliable sources/Noticeboard.--Moxy (talk) 18:38, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * And as I keep saying, AVPGalaxy is still a recognized and trusted source of news in regards to the Alien/Predator franchise and has been for a long time and repeatedly referenced, and the information contained within its articles isn't even disputable (controversial perhaps, but not disputable). - TurokSwe (talk) 18:46, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Noting that I have added more articles covering the news. Just to put your mind at ease. - TurokSwe (talk) 18:58, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I think it may be best to slow down....you have added a Facebook page and a tweet as sources recently. Could you read over WP:Identifying reliable sources before proceeding.--Moxy (talk) 19:03, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * It is indeed wise to take some time and reflect over things, and once I put my mind to something I tend to work rapidly. Might I ask which "Facebook page and tweet" it is that you're referring to? I am reading the linked article, yet I fail to understand what your problem is supposed to be (especially now that I've added further sources to the news, which I'd figure would be even harder to refute). - TurokSwe (talk) 19:13, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * No problem with the content as evident in my action only removing the website.. it's the source is being used that is a problem ...Pls read over  WP:RS/SPS... no fan sites no blogs no Facebook etc.... don't rely on fans for information.... because we need to get information from reliable trusted sources that are vetted.--Moxy (talk) 19:27, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I would generally agree with that concern, however I would also have to acknowledge that there are exceptions which might be difficult to reject. - TurokSwe (talk) 19:46, 1 January 2019 (UTC)
 * requested several times that we have discourse here, before the discussion at DNR resumes. Unfortunately, it does not seem like you are grasping what anyone has stated, as you're continuing to edit-war - the latest being - and make unconstructive edits, with the argument being that others are "unwarranted", "vague" or undisputable. The DNR resort is for stepping back from issues, to have moderated discussions - which you are showing no regard for. If this does not change, this may warrant being taken to AN/I.  D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 15:51, 2 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Where have I been supposedly "edit-warring" and where are these supposed "unconstructive edits"? The instances in which I've used words as the ones you describe is when people have removed material without adequate justification. Not to mention that I don't expect to cease editing the articles because of a discussion that's going nowhere and especially when others keep editing the articles and removing the contents in question. It's interesting though (almost suspicious even) how you so consistently seem to keep track on every person who's edits I've decided to revert... - TurokSwe (talk) 18:10, 2 January 2019 (UTC)
 * And for the record, diffs to this behaviour is what I've been waiting to see. Walter Görlitz (talk) 19:12, 2 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Exactly. - TurokSwe (talk) 19:16, 2 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Even after altercations with other users 24/7, you aren't connecting the dots at this point? Okay, let me break this down for you. The Alien, Predator and AvP pages had navboxes that correlated to the separate franchises, with the few points of intersection including Alien (creature in Alien franchise). picked up on that you had been adding all three navboxes to all the pages when they came across Alien vs. Predator (arcade game) (diff), which is why they brought it here as you reverted.  picked up on the issue, as well, and removed the uncorrelated navboxes from List of Alien vs. Predator (franchise) comics (diff), which you reverted, as well. After I was informed of this issue, I removed the navboxes from Alien vs. Predator (arcade game), which you reverted again - making for edit-warring, as you had already tumbled with SNAAAAKE!! prior to that. The same is true for Ellen Ripley (diff), Predator (franchise) (diff), Aliens vs. Predator (2010 video game) (diff), Aliens versus Predator (1999 video game) (diff), Aliens Versus Predator: Extinction (diff) and so on. And, you're still adding and re-adding navboxes - the last was Ellen Ripley, a few minutes ago. And, this does not even scratch the surface of the other conflicts you've gotten into with other editors - on these very same pages. Over the AvP Galaxy issue, you've been edit-warring with  on Alien (franchise) (1, 2, 3), The Predator (film) (1, 2), Predator (franchise) (1, 2, 3), Alien vs. Predator (franchise) (1, 2). Then, when it was alerted on the Reliable Sources Noticeboard and the administrator  stepped in to clean up the pages, you tried editing warring with him on Alien (franchise) (diff), Predator (franchise) (diff), Alien vs. Predator (franchise) (1, 2) - and now avpgalaxy.net has been blacklisted for user-generated content and edit-warring. Does that clear things up a bit?  D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 00:48, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Noting that I only reverted said edits because they were still unjustified, regardless how many individuals disagree with the actions. - TurokSwe (talk) 10:46, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's extremely clear now.
 * If an article does not appear in a nav box, that nav box should not be on the article. Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:03, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you yes. This editor keeps ignoring this no matter how many times I've told them. It's getting to the point where I feel like they are just stonewalling me.★Trekker (talk) 01:57, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I ask again, must they appear directly or indirectly? - TurokSwe (talk) 10:48, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * After all this, you're editing warring with, saying "Let's discuss this", as if nobody's said anything at all (1, 2). That does it. No more. D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 16:47, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I never implied nothing had been said, but no adequate explanation had been given. - TurokSwe (talk) 18:37, 3 January 2019 (UTC)

Putting links to articles in the sidebar
For example, in this revision of the Michael Jackson article, the "Death" category links to Death of Michael Jackson. This seems weird to me, like putting links in headers, and it's inconsistent. Is there any consensus about this? Popcornduff (talk) 01:13, 3 February 2019 (UTC)
 * That's normal. --Izno (talk) 02:02, 3 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Common, normal and acceptable. Walter Görlitz (talk) 08:30, 3 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks to both of youse. Popcornduff (talk) 05:32, 13 February 2019 (UTC)

Redlinks in templates
Take a look at Template:Roland_Corporation. As you can see, it has a whole bunch of redlinks. I fear editors are just using the template as a list of every product Roland has ever made, regardless of whether articles exist or should exist for these products. Am I right to be suspicious here, is it acceptable to include lots of redlinks? Should I remove redlinks to things that don't require articles? Popcornduff (talk) 04:56, 21 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I would leave that template alone because the redlinks are not excessive. If you knew (from familiarity with the topic) that some of them really were unsuitable for an article (no hope of satisying WP:N), you might remove those but it's significant effort without much benefit. There was a large discussion somewhere (probably on this talk) about whether there should be a rule that red links should be removed from navboxes. I can't find it at the moment but I think it ended with the conclusion that I support, namely that plausible red links are useful pointers that encourage editors to write articles on the missing topics. That only works if the red links are for plausible articles. Johnuniq (talk) 06:24, 21 March 2019 (UTC)
 * The consensus is in WP:Red link: Red links may be used on navigation templates with links to existing articles, but they cannot be excessive. Editors who add excessive red links to navboxes are expected to actively work on building those articles, or they may be removed from the template. --Izno (talk) 13:39, 21 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the replies. Thank you Izno, that's pretty clear. Popcornduff (talk) 14:28, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

Input regarding changes to navigation template (inc. section-level link removal)
I don't know if this is the best place to ask, but I'd appreciate some third party input on the discussion at Template_talk:TRS-80_and_Tandy_computers regarding changes to that template and the interpretation of policy behind the changes. Thanks. Ubcule (talk) 15:06, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Navboxes listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Navboxes. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Hildeoc (talk) 22:21, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

Feedback requested at the Template "Germanic peoples"
Is there a chance that we could get some community perspective at the said template. Interested editors seem to be split into two parties who have very different perspectives, and the talk pages shows years of concerns.--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 21:31, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

Shining some light on Licht
What should be done with Licht and Karlheinz Stockhausen? All the links in the former are in the latter, and every page with the former also has the latter, adjacent.

A recent TfD, with just three participants (one of whom was the proposer, me) resulted in keeping the former template. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 22:07, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

Stable article list
I'd like to make people aware of a module (Module:Article list) that I have written for use in navboxes which has several features that might be useful. The module uses Wikidata to generate stable links. In particular: I'm working on a few more improvements like automatically sorting the links into alphabetical order, and allowing an option for redlinks to be displayed — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 20:03, 21 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Links to articles that are moved will automatically update in the template
 * Articles which are deleted will automatically disappear from the template
 * Common words can be automagically removed from the piped label by using a remove parameter
 * Potential articles can be loaded, which will automatically appear if/when the article is created
 * Quick update. The module is working well and I've been adding it to a few templates experimentally. The alphabetical sorting is now implemented too. I am ready for some feedback with a view to deploying it more widely. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 18:36, 4 March 2022 (UTC)

Relevant RfC
I have just started an RfC relevant to this guideline, which may interest editors working with navigation templates or navbox style guidelines. Chubbles (talk) 02:07, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

WP:EXISTING
@Austronesier @Ahmet Q. @Rsk6400

Template talk:Human genetics has raised a crucial debate: can navboxes link to sections (in other words, subpages)?

Consensus: navboxes should not include links to sections, because section titles change frequently and so result in the unusual premise of a navbox without ubiquitous linking. Section links are usually encouraged because they are at least able to default as article text if they are broken, whereas navboxes cannot do this because they usually only contain links.

Proposal for added text: WP:EXISTING should be modified to include a new bullet point. The bullet point should read, Section titles change frequently and so should not be placed in navigation templates. Doing so causes the issue of unlinked text in a navigation template, which should not be the case.

Additional comments: Redirects allow for section linking however this should not be abused, and would have to be seen as dishonestly bypassing the guideline. Altanner1991 (talk) 08:40, 19 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Just a word about the last point: redirects to sections (especially of the R with possibilities kind) do not necessarily bypass the guideline if they are well-documented (e.g. with a comment line in the source such as "XXX redirects here" ). There will always be reckless editors who don't care about technical comments and just mess things up, but the sensible average editor hopefully will care and reflect changes to the anchor also in the manually "backlinked" redirect. –Austronesier (talk) 18:40, 19 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think we should add anything to WP:EXISTING. WP:UCS is enough. And since I had some experience with Altanner1991's way of discussing, I will also add that I'll stand by my view even if I won't take part in this discussion any more. Rsk6400 (talk) 10:32, 20 August 2022 (UTC)
 * IAR is hardly the rationale to give unless under dire circumstances. And Rsk, your contentious stubbornness is frankly worthy of a sitewide block. Altanner1991 (talk) 15:22, 20 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I am not okay with allowing these loopholes to be used for topic-based or even politically-heated biases. The policy should be clear. There has been no other careful argument for why the policy should remain the way it is. Altanner1991 (talk) 16:41, 25 August 2022 (UTC)
 * If you are concerned about a section heading breaking because it was changed, then why not advise people to add an anchor per WP:RSECT? Then the link will not be broken.  If you add the suggested hidden text about what links to that section, people would even update the navbox if they make major changes to the page (like splitting it into a different article). WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:58, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, it could link to sections, but I think either way a decision needs to be made so that section links are not made or removed differently depending on the NPOV context for each page. The contradictory application of editing could anger inexperienced editors who feel they are being sidelined using made-up policies.
 * So I also advocate linking to sections. But this needs to find consensus so the policy can be applied uniformly across all articles. Altanner1991 (talk) 01:14, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

Do readers use navboxes?
I have been wondering for years whether non-editors use navboxes at any significant rate, and I believe that I have identified a way to measure that, if anyone's interested in it.

The tool to use is Provenance. The link in the navbox would need the full URL with the  key, wrapped in Help:Plainlinks (so it looks right on the page). Then there's the matter of figuring out how to get the data back out of the other end of the system, so this isn't as quick and easy as clicking on a pageviews tool. But I believe that it's possible to do, and I believe that the regulars at Village pump (technical) could figure this out pretty easily. It might even be possible to change something in the main navbox template itself to do some of this work automatically (like marking all the links in navboxes as plainlinks, rather than needing to mark each one separately).

I don't have any plans to do this myself, but I wanted to leave this message in case anyone else was interested in it. WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:14, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

Images
WP:NAVIMAGES demands that navbox images "should have a justification to appear", but fails to explain what that justification should be. As it stands, it only gives licence for more fastidious editors to go around removing images that clearly illustrate the collective theme of the links grouped in the naxbox. What are the criteria for including (or removing) an image? Cnbrb (talk) 17:27, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * This is a good question. I was wondering about this with regards to the template on Artificial intelligence, whose image is clearly at odds with WP:NAVIMAGES, but where I think it is generally thought appropriate to have a picture. Does WP:NAVIMAGES still reflect common editorial practice? Felix QW (talk) 14:31, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Section linking vs Redirect linking in navboxes
@Austronesier, @Ahmet Q., @Rsk6400, @Altanner1991, @WhatamIdoing

Hi all. I don't mean to pick at a scab but I'm honestly curious about this and would like to ask so I can understand the pros and cons of both and, hopefully, avoid making a headache for other editors. I figure this might be easiest if there's a concrete example so I'm thinking of the Template:Modern US Infantry Weapons navbox. Compared to the Human genetics navbox template, I guess this example has a bit of an advantage in that entries in the navbox are clearly defined--if it's a weapon used by current day US infantry, then it should be included, while the Human genetics template has a bit of a harder task when deciding what should be and shouldn't be included in the navbox.

As far as I can tell, the two options to linking to a section of an article that doesn't have a distinct article is to link to a redirect which anchors to that section or to specifically link to the section in question. The example I'm thinking of is the MK 20 SSR entry. The MK 20 SSR is a variant of the MK 17 rifle of the FN SCAR family of weapons. The entire family of weapons isn't in use by the US military so I wouldn't want links in the navbox to suggest that by just piping the MK 20 SSR link to the base FN SCAR article. Currently, the navbox links to MK 20 SSR which is a redirect to the section in the FN SCAR page that discusses the MK 20 SSR. The problem there is that, like WP:NAVNOREDIRECT states, using redirects won't bold the entry in the navbox if the reader is currently on that page. So if someone was reading the FN SCAR page and opened the Modern US Infantry Weapons navbox, they'd be confused because they wouldn't see any of the links blacked out and so they might not know which things on the FN SCAR page are part of the modern US infantry's arsenal (ie. MK 16, MK 17, MK 20 SSR, MK 13 EGLM).

The alternative of a targeted anchor link being placed in the navbox is what was discussed above. While renaming and deletion of sections will inevitably break these links, it seems like it's still a net positive. If the link is broken, it just defaults to the top of the article page. Not ideal but at least the navbox will still show which entries are bolded out and thus addressed by the page they are on. So, linking to sections seems to be the lesser of the two evils to me.

I guess there is the third alternative of simply removing the entry altogether by citing WP:Existing but it seems like a waste considering the MK 20 SSR is a discrete entity and there is a good amount of information on the topic at hand (MK 20 SSR) on the linked page (FN SCAR). The MK 20 SSR might not be noteworthy enough to warrant its own article but it's still a concrete object compared to the less well defined entries which WP:EXISTING seems to be aimed at preventing (like preventing the navbox for Template:Health in China becoming bogged down by entries for, say, "Lung cancer in China" (which just redirects to Lung cancer#Epidemiology) and "Prostate cancer in China", etc. etc.).

I look forward to hearing others' thoughts on this. Jasonkwe (talk) (contribs) 02:23, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I think that whichever you will choose will be fine.
 * I don't worry much about the lack of bold for redirect, because clicking it should take the person to the correct section of that page; some of them won't even notice that it's the same page. If there is a realistic chance of the redirect being turned into a real article, then I think the redirect has additional value (i.e., we don't have to change it later).
 * If you decide to link to the particular section, then just add one of the anchor templates. Editors are very cooperative about preserving such links, and even if the section heading gets change (which is unlikely for some subjects anyway), then the anchor works like a duplicate of the old section heading (or whatever anchor text you use, e.g., an abbreviation).
 * There isn't a single perfect solution for this. There's always going to be someone who will tell you that you did it wrong, no matter what you do, but I could see either being appropriate, and I could even imagine that using a mix both in the same navbox would be sensible.  Maybe you use a redirect for one link, because you think it's likely to be expanded some day, but maybe you use an anchor for another link, because it's on a popular page (=the one you're most likely to look at the navbox on) and you guess that it's unlikely to be turned into separate article.   WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:29, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @WhatamIdoing Holy hell, how have I been on these last few months and not come across or realized that the anchor template exists? Thanks!  And thank you for the advice.  I like the idea about using the redirects and anchor links judiciously depending on which have potential to become their own page.  I get the feeling that there's a lot of imperfect solutions on wikipedia and in computing in general.  Well, heck, in life in general lol.  Jasonkwe (talk) (contribs) 02:55, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * It's a big wiki. Nobody can learn it all. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:35, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Ordering multiple navboxes
Didn't see anything in the archives, but is there a preferred way to order multiple navboxes that are placed at the bottom of articles? I assume the obvious of most relevant (on top) to least relevant (on bottom) but thought I'd ask. -- GoneIn60 (talk) 02:26, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

EXISTING and TV episodes
WP:EXISTING suggests we list all members of bands when at least one is blue linked; it seems a reasonable extension to apply the spirit of that rule to episodes of TV shows. For reference, Template:Torchwood fits this: most episodes have articles, but the two from season one that don’t are still listed. Meanwhile, Template:House (TV series) appears to only list the episodes that have articles, but this could give the impression that the episodes listed are the all the episodes of the season.

Would anyone oppose extending the guidance here to include collections like TV shows? Or perhaps editors here have alternate ways to view this. — HTGS (talk) 02:55, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I'd oppose this, as a navbox is for navigation, not information. Any unlinked text does not provide a navigation function, and just clutters a navbox. -- wooden  superman  11:53, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

Question about musical ensembles and former members
Per WP:EXISTING, while existing articles are strongly favored for navboxes, there can be times when we include non-existing article links or text. E.g.:
 * [R]ed links can be retained in navigation templates that represent a well-defined and complete set of data (geographic divisions, annual events, filmographies, etc.), where deleting red links would leave an incomplete and misleading result.

And
 * Note: In navigation boxes about musical ensembles, it may be appropriate to list all of the members of the ensemble, to avoid the perception that the ensemble is a solo act, provided that at least one member of the ensemble is notable.

What about including former members of a group as well? As you likely know, the convention is to have current members listed with  tags and in the  section followed by a listing of former members that do not have the  tag. Should former members of a band be included in a navbox, even if not all of them have articles? ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 10:50, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

 * As I read it, the only reason to include the non-notable members is to avoid the perception that the ensemble is a solo act. There's no navigational benefit whatsoever to included non-notable former members, it's purely unnecessary clutter.  Navboxes are for navigation, not for information. -- wooden  superman  11:23, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * "[R]ed links can be retained in navigation templates that represent a well-defined and complete set of data". ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 11:25, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I disagree with the guideline regarding redlinks in filmographies, etc, as some works are simply not notable. Even filmographies in articles are sometimes only partial filmographies, so this seems strange in a navbox.  WP:WTAF should always be the preferred option, so that notability can be established prior to inclusion.  In any case, a well-defined set is North/South/East/West, not sometime members of a pop band. -- wooden  superman  11:27, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

Relevant BRFA
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SdkbBot 4. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 05:10, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

Discussion at Wikipedia talk:Categories, lists, and navigation templates § Questioning WP:BIDIRECTIONAL
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Categories, lists, and navigation templates § Questioning WP:BIDIRECTIONAL. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 18:42, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

Problem with redlinks per WP:EXISTING
I would propose that we remove the reference to filmographies in the guidelines regarding redlinks, as this is not how we do things in practice. A complete set of data isn't the same as a list of works. We don't even have redlinks in article text when the work is unlikely to meet notability guidelines, and exclusion in this kind of navbox isn't misleading. Let us not forget that the sole purpose of a navbox is to navigate between existing articles. A complete set of data is maybe a list of years, etc., but even still, I think we could probably lose the whole part of the guideline on redlinks, these are routinely removed from navboxes, so the guideline needs updating. -- wooden superman  11:01, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

 * An example of where this guideline is causing a problem is here -- wooden superman  11:07, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Please note that the essay you link to in this section's title is not a guideline, and its language seems fine (so your wording "this guideline" etc. is inaccurate). Your example seems to have been fixed in subsequent edits. My opinion is that some red links in navboxes have their place but should seldom be used and not kept permanently (judgement calls and exceptions are the spitshine of Wikipedia, and red links fail or succeed on their potential to educate and guide future editing). Many navboxes have so many red links that they look like Christmas lights, and, just like the lights, should be removed when two weeks stale. Randy Kryn (talk) 14:12, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * In the case of the example provided Template:Danielle Dax -- the redlink to Timber Tongue was converted into a redirect to the artist's article. Aside from WP:EXISTING, this may run afoul of WP:NAVNOREDIRECT. older ≠ wiser 14:20, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Since that navbox is at the core of this discussion, likely has an opinion on the questioned use. Randy Kryn (talk) 14:32, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * As long as we have this language around a specific set of items, such as a filmography or a discography, then this will be a persistent issue. I think it's good and well to include redirects for the small and well-defined list of works like "albums by artist [x]", because excluding some of them would be misleading. ―Justin ( koa v f ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 14:41, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Which is exactly why we need to change the language. Linking to non-notable topics does not aid navigation.  Not just filmography and discography navboxes, but most navboxes are routinely purged of non-articles, and the guideline needs to reflect current practice. -- wooden  superman  14:47, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I'd be extremely wary of encouraging redirects in navboxes. There are many pop culture topics for which there are legions of fans and perhaps a few paid promoters who would be very delighted to be able to construct impressive looking navboxes filled with redirects for the sake of "completeness". older ≠ wiser 17:11, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, agreed, it does fall foul of WP:NAVNOREDIRECT. We also have a WP:SURPRISE issue here.  You would expect to be taken to an actual WP:EXISTING article from a navbox. -- wooden  superman  14:45, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It's not exactly "fixed"! Yes, redirects have been created for the non-articles, but we should only be linking once per article in navboxes so all the redirects back to the artist are completely useless as a navigational tool.  And actually worse than redlinks as at least you're not expecting to go to an article with a redlink! -- wooden  superman  14:52, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Improved the situation by changing both redirs to go to the right section instead of the top of the artist article.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  20:23, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I've removed these redirects as they do not link to a distinct sub-topic within a larger article as required by WP:NAVNOREDIRECT. -- wooden  superman  10:42, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It seems to me there are four possibilities here, and this could be RfCed:
 * Do not permit redirects in naboxes (other than those that are alternative names of their subjects).
 * Permit a redirect in a navbox if it is to a section about the subject named by the redirect.
 * Permit a redirect in a navbox if it is to section that mentions the subject named by the redirect.
 * Permit all redirects in navboxes, regardless where they go.
 * — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  20:23, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm definitely firmly in camp "1" here, with allowances for option 2 in exceptional circumstances (but definitely not if the article is already linked), which I think reflects current practice. -- wooden superman  10:37, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
 * For my part, I think I'd end up as firmly at 2 and exceptionally 3, but neither 1 nor 4 being acceptable. 4 seems like simply chaos, while 1 is WP:BUREAUCRACY, and does not take into account that topics are merged and split all the time, and some sections on subtopics are far richer than the average stand-alone stub article. After some reflection (re-edited, actually), I think 3 might need a caveat like "and further expansion of material on the subject is likely." But a counter-caveat could be made for entries in navbox-embedded lists that are complete lists of something finite, in which we expect most or all entries to be notable even if they don't have articles or major sections yet (but maybe that is already covered sufficiently by another rule that effectively overrides this one anyway).  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  10:56, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It seems per WP:NAVNOREDIRECT, option 2 is the current accepted practice. -- wooden  superman  10:36, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Navigation template


text:
Jerry Butler

Jerry Butler Jr. (born December 8, 1939) is an American soul singer-songwriter, producer, musician, and retired politician. He was the original lead singer of the R&B vocal group the Impressions, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. After leaving the group in 1960, Butler achieved over 55 Billboard Pop and R&B Chart hits as a solo artist including "He Will Break Your Heart", "Let It Be Me" and "Only the Strong Survive". He was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015.

He served as a Commissioner for Cook County, Illinois, from 1985 to 2018. As a member of this 17-member county board, he chaired the Health and Hospitals Committee and served as Vice Chair of the Construction Committee.

Early life
Butler was born in Sunflower, Mississippi, United States, in 1939. When Butler was three years old, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois, and he grew up in the Cabrini–Green housing projects. The mid-1950s had a profound effect on Butler's life. He performed in a church choir with Curtis Mayfield. As a teenager, Butler sang in a gospel quartet called Northern Jubilee Gospel Singers, along with Mayfield. Mayfield, a guitar player, became the lone instrumentalist for the six-member Roosters group, which later became The Impressions. Inspired by Sam Cooke and the Soul Stirrers, the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, and the Pilgrim Travelers, getting into the music industry seemed inevitable.

Butler's younger brother, Billy Butler, also had a career in the music industry, including playing guitar with Jerry's band, until his death in 2015.

Early recordings
Butler co-wrote the song "For Your Precious Love" (which is ranked No. 327 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time) and wanted to record a disc. Looking for recording studios, the Impressions (the original members of which were Butler, Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash - who left early on, and later returned - and brothers Arthur and Richard Brooks), auditioned for Chess Records and Vee-Jay Records. The group eventually signed with Vee-Jay, where they released "For Your Precious Love" in 1958. It became The Impressions' first hit and gold record.

Solo career
Butler was dubbed the "Iceman" by WDAS Philadelphia disc jockey, Georgie Woods, while performing in a Philadelphia theater.

He released the single "He Will Break Your Heart" in 1960, and the song peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard pop chart. Butler co-wrote, with Otis Redding, the latter's hit song "I've Been Loving You Too Long" in 1965. Butler's solo career had a string of hits, including the Top 10 successes "He Will Break Your Heart", "Find Another Girl", "I'm A-Telling You" (all written by fellow Impression Curtis Mayfield and featuring Mayfield as harmony vocal), the million selling "Only the Strong Survive", "Moon River", "Need To Belong" (recorded with the Impressions after he went solo), "Make It Easy on Yourself", "Let It Be Me" (with Betty Everett), "Brand New Me", "Ain't Understanding Mellow" (with Brenda Lee Eager), "Hey, Western Union Man", and "Never Give You Up". His 1969 "Moody Woman" release became a Northern Soul favourite and featured at number 369 in the Northern Soul Top 500. Butler released two successful albums, The Ice Man Cometh (1968) and Ice on Ice (1969). He collaborated on many of his successful recordings with the Philadelphia-based songwriting team Gamble and Huff. In 1972, he had a small role in the cult classic film ‘’The Thing With Two Heads’’ as a prison guard. With Motown, in 1976 and 1977, Butler produced and co-produced (with Paul David Wilson) two albums: Suite for the Single Girl and It All Comes Out in My Song.

Tony Orlando and Dawn revived "He Will Break Your Heart" in 1975, with a new title, "He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)", and it was more successful than Butler's original (#7), going to number one on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Subsequently, Butler and P.D. Wilson produced an album with Dee Dee Sharp-Gamble on Philadelphia International Records. In 1981, "Breaking and Entering" / "Easy Money" was released from Sharp-Gamble's album Dee Dee.

1980s–2018
Butler continued to perform while serving as a Cook County Board Commissioner before retiring from public office in 2018. As Cook County Commissioner, Butler voted to uphold a historic 2008 Cook County sales tax increase, which remains the highest in the nation. As a result, the Chicago Tribune encouraged people to vote against him in the 2010 elections. Butler, however, won reelection in March 2014 with over 80 percent of the vote.

In recent years, he has served as host of PBS TV music specials such as Doo Wop 50 and 51, Rock Rhythm and Doo Wop, and Soul Spectacular: 40 years of R&B, among others. He has also served as chairman of the board of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. In 1991, Butler was inducted, along with the other original members of the Impressions (Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash, and Arthur and Richard Brooks), into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Butler released Time & Faith in 1992.

The Hives covered "Find Another Girl" on their 2000 album Veni Vidi Vicious. The Black Keys covered "Never Give You Up" on their 2010 album, Brothers.

Personal life
He currently resides in Chicago. His wife Annette, originally one of his backup singers, died in 2019.

Since his 1991 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Impressions, music writers and critics have stated that Butler also deserves a second induction as a solo artist, based upon his successful career as a recording artist and songwriter after leaving that group.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jerry Butler


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Alberto Fernández

Alberto Ángel Fernández (born 2 April 1959) is an Argentine politician, lawyer, and academic who is the President of the Justicialist Party since 2021. He was previously the President of Argentina from 2019 to 2023. He was also the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers from 2003 to 2008. His tenure as Cabinet Chief remains the longest since the post was created in 1994.

Born in Buenos Aires, Fernández attended the University of Buenos Aires, where he earned his law degree at age 24, and later became a professor of criminal law. Ideologically a Peronist, entered public service as an adviser to Deliberative Council of Buenos Aires and the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. In 2003, he was appointed Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers, serving during the entirety of the presidency of Néstor Kirchner, and the early months of the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

A member of the Justicialist Party, a Peronist party, Fernández was the party's candidate for the 2019 presidential election under the leftist Frente de Todos alliance and defeated incumbent president Mauricio Macri with 48% of the vote. His political position has been described as left-wing. The first two years of his presidency was limited by the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, during which he imposed strict lockdown measures to suppress the spread of the disease, and a debt crisis inherited from his predecessor. While the economy recovered in 2021–22, inflation rose to 100% (the highest since 1991). His approval ratings have been constantly low throughout his presidency, only in few certain occasions over 50% approval rate, with disapproval ratings from 60% to 80%.

According to British newspaper The Economist, Fernández was considered "a president without a plan", and his presidency to be a "weak administration", alluding to his lack of independent decision-making. Instead, his decisions were under heavy influence of Vice President and former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, also leader of the coalition, whom Fernández himself described as a "permanent source of consultation". In April 2023, Fernández announced that he decided to not seek reelection to the presidency in the 2023 presidential election. He was succeeded by Javier Milei on 10 December 2023.

Early life and career
Fernández was born in Buenos Aires, the son of Celia Pérez and her first husband. Separated from the latter, Celia (sister of the personal photographer of Juan Domingo Perón) married Judge Carlos Pelagio Galíndez (son of a Senator of the Radical Civic Union). Alberto Fernández, who barely knew his biological father, considers Pelagio to be his father.

Fernández attended the University of Buenos Aires Faculty of Law. He graduated at the age of 24, and later became a professor of criminal law. He entered public service as an adviser to Deliberative Council of Buenos Aires and the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. He became deputy director of Legal Affairs of the Economy Ministry, and in this capacity served as chief Argentine negotiator at the GATT Uruguay Round. Nominated by newly elected President Carlos Menem to serve as Superintendent of Insurance, Fernández served as President of the Latin American Insurance Managers' Association from 1989 to 1992, and co-founded the Insurance Managers International Association. He also served as adviser to Mercosur and ALADI on insurance law, and was involved in insurance and health services companies in the private sector. Fernández was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young People of Argentina in 1992, and was awarded the Millennium Award as one of the nation's Businessmen of the Century. During this time he became politically close to former Buenos Aires Province Governor Eduardo Duhalde.

He was elected on 7 June 2000, to the Buenos Aires City Legislature on the conservative Action for the Republic ticket led by former Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo.

Chief of the Cabinet (2003–2008)
He gave up his seat when he was appointed Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers by President Néstor Kirchner upon taking office on 25 May 2003, and retained the same post under Kirchner's wife and successor, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, upon her election in 2007.

A new system of variable taxes on agricultural exports led to the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector, during which Fernández acted as the government's chief negotiator. The negotiations failed, however, and following Vice President Julio Cobos' surprise, tie-breaking vote against the bill in the Senate, Fernández resigned on 23 July 2008.

Pre-presidency
He was named head of the City of Buenos Aires chapter of the Justicialist Party, but minimized his involvement in Front for Victory campaigns for Congress in 2009. Fernández actively considered seeking the Justicialist Party presidential nomination ahead of the 2011 general elections. He ultimately endorsed President Cristina Kirchner for re-election, however. He was campaign manager of the presidential candidacy of Sergio Massa in 2015.

Presidential campaign
On 18 May 2019, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner announced that Fernández would be a candidate for president, and that she would run for vice president alongside him, hosting his first campaign rally with Santa Cruz Governor Alicia Kirchner, sister-in-law of the former Kirchner.

About a month later, seeking to broaden his appeal to moderates, Fernández struck a deal with Sergio Massa to form an alliance called Frente de Todos, wherein Massa would be offered a role within a potential Fernández administration, or be given a key role within the Chamber of Deputies in exchange for dropping out of the presidential race and offering his support. Fernández also earned the endorsement of the General Confederation of Labor, receiving their support in exchange for promising that he will boost the economy, and that there will be no labor reform.

General elections
On 11 August 2019, Fernández won first place in the 2019 primary elections, earning 47.7% of the vote, compared to incumbent President Mauricio Macri's 31.8%. Fernández thereafter held a press conference where he said he called Macri to say that he would help Macri complete his term and "bring calm to society and markets", and that his economic proposals do not run the risk of defaulting on the national debt.

In the 27 October general election, Fernández won the presidency by attaining 48.1% of the vote to Macri's 40.4%, exceeding the threshold required to win without the need for a ballotage. In Argentina, a presidential candidate can win outright by either garnering at least 45 percent of the vote, or winning 40 percent of the vote while being 10 points ahead of his or her nearest challenger. He owed his victory mainly to carrying Buenos Aires Province by over 1.6 million votes, accounting for almost all of his nationwide margin of 2.1 million votes. By comparison, Daniel Scioli only carried the country's largest province by 219,000 votes four years earlier.

Inauguration
Fernández was sworn in on 10 December 2019.

Economic policy
On 14 December, the government established by decree the emergency in occupational matters and double compensation for dismissal without just cause for six months.

His first legislative initiative, the Social Solidarity and Productive Recovery Bill, was passed by Congress on 23 December. The bill includes tax hikes on foreign currency purchases, agricultural exports, wealth, and car sales - as well as tax incentives for production. Amid the worst recession in nearly two decades, it provided a 180-day freeze on utility rates, bonuses for the nation's retirees and Universal Allocation per Child beneficiaries, and food cards to two million of Argentina's poorest families. It also gave the president additional powers to renegotiate debt terms – with Argentina seeking to restructure its US$100 billion debt with private bondholders and US$45 billion borrowed by Macri from the International Monetary Fund. As the capital controls stayed in effect and with no prospect of being removed, the country was degraded from emerging market to standalone market by MSCI.

Organizations of the agricultural sector, including Sociedad Rural Argentina, CONINAGRO, Argentine Agrarian Federation and Argentine Rural Confederations, rejected the increase in taxes on agricultural exports. Despite these conflicts, Fernández announced the three-point increase in withholding tax on soybeans on the day of the opening of the regular sessions, on 1 March and generated major problems in the relationship between the government and the agricultural sector.

Argentina defaulted again on 22 May 2020 by failing to pay $500 million on its due date to its creditors. Negotiations for the restructuring of $66 billion of its debt continue.

The International Monetary Fund reported that the COVID-19 crisis would plunge Argentina's GDP by 9.9 percent, after the country's economy contracted by 5.4 percent in first quarter of 2020, with unemployment rising over 10.4 percent in the first three months of the year, before the lockdown started.

On 4 August, Fernández reached an accord with the biggest creditors on terms for a restructuring of $65bn in foreign bonds, after a breakthrough in talks that had at times looked close to collapse since the country's ninth debt default in May.

On 22 September, as part of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, official reports showed a 19% year-on-year drop in the GDP for the second quarter of 2020, the biggest drop in the country's history. Investment went down 38% from the previous year. The poverty rate rose to 42% in the second half of 2020, the highest since 2004. Child poverty reached the 57.7% of minors of 14 years.

Social policy
On 31 December 2019, Fernández announced that he would send a bill in 2020 to discuss the legalization of abortion, ratified his support for its approval, and expressed his wish for "sensible debate". However, in June 2020, he stated that he was "attending to more urgent matters" (referring to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the debt restructuring), and that "he'll send the bill at some point". In November 2020, Fernández's legal secretary, Vilma Ibarra, confirmed that the government would be sending a new bill for the legalization of abortion to the National Congress that month. The Executive sent the bill, alongside another bill oriented towards women's health care (the "1000 Days Plan"), on 17 November 2020. The bill was passed by the Senate, legalizing abortion in Argentina, on 30 December 2020.

On 1 March, he also announced a restructuring of the Federal Intelligence Agency (AFI), including the publications of its accounts - which had been made secret by Macri in a 2016 decree. The AFI had been criticized for targeting public figures for political purposes.

On 17 August, protests took place in many cities across Argentina against measures taken by Fernández, primarily the Justice Reform Bill his government had sent to the Congress, but also, among other causes: for the "defense of institutions" and "separation of powers", against the government's quarantine measures, the perceived lack of liberty and the increase in crime, and a raise on state pensions.

On 4 September 2020, Fernández signed a Necessity and Urgency Decree (Decreto 721/2020) establishing a 1% employment quota for trans and travesti people in the national public sector. The measure had been previously debated in the Chamber of Deputies as various prospective bills. The decree mandates that at any given point, at least 1% of all public sector workers in the national government must be transgender, as understood in the 2012 Gender Identity Law.

On 20 July 2021, Fernández signed another Necessity and Urgency Decree (Decreto 476/2021) mandating the National Registry of Persons (RENAPER) to allow a third gender option on all national identity cards and passports, marked as an "X". The measure applies to non-citizen permanent residents who possess Argentine identity cards as well. In compliance with the 2012 Gender Identity Law, this made Argentina one of the few countries in the world to legally recognize non-binary gender on all official documentation.

On 12 November 2020 Fernández signed a decree legalizing the self-cultivation and regulating the sales and subsidized access of medical cannabis, expanding upon a 2017 bill that legalized the use and research of the plant and its derivatives. In June 2019, during his presidential campaign, he had signaled his intention to legalize marijuana for recreational purposes, but not other types of drugs.

Foreign relations
During his administration, Argentina's relationship with Brazil became somewhat strained. Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro refused to attend Fernández's inauguration, accusing him of wanting to create a "great Bolivarian homeland" on the border and of preparing to provoke a flight of capital and companies into Brazil. Fernández and Bolsonaro had their first conversation through a video conference on 30 November 2020, during which both presidents agreed on the importance of cooperation and the role of Mercosur.

U.S. President Donald Trump's top adviser for the Western Hemisphere, Mauricio Claver-Carone, crossed Fernández in 2019 saying: "We want to know if Alberto Fernández will be a defender of democracy or an apologist for dictatorships and leaders in the region, whether it be Maduro, Correa or Morales."

Under Fernández, Argentina has retired in the Lima Group formed by North and South American nations to address the crisis in Venezuela, after not subscribing to any of the Group's statements and resolutions. Argentina voted in favor of the United Nations resolution to back the continuity of the UN Human Rights Office report on human rights violations in Venezuela. Under Fernández, Argentina withdrew recognition of Juan Guaidó as interim President of Venezuela. In January 2020, the Fernández administration revoked Elisa Trotta Gamus credentials, who was Guaidó's envoy to Argentina and whose representation had been approved by the Macri administration. However, Fernández also refused to recognize Maduro's envoy Stella Lugo's credentials and Foreign Minister Felipe Solá asked her to return to Caracas.

Alberto Fernández questioned the conclusions the Organization of American States that the reelection of Evo Morales was unconstitutional for electoral fraud. Fernández's government recognized Morales as the legitimate President of Bolivia, and granted him asylum in Argentina in December 2019. On 9 November 2020, with Luis Arce's victory in 2020, Fernández personally accompanied Morales to the Argentine border with Bolivia, wherein the two leaders held a public act celebrating Morales's return to his home country.

In January 2020, Fernández traveled to Israel for his first presidential trip abroad. There he paid respects to the victims of the Holocaust and maintained a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who thanked him for keeping Hezbollah branded as a terrorist organization, a measure taken by former President Mauricio Macri.

Regarding Argentina's strained relations with Iran, Fernández publicly defended the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, although critical of this prior to taking office. In September 2020, Fernández asked Iran before the UN General Assembly to "cooperate with the Argentine justice" to bring justice to the cause and extradite those Iranian officials who stand accused of the attack. He further stated that if the officials were to be found innocent, "they could freely return to Iran or otherwise face the consequences for their actions."

Alberto Fernández has developed close ties with China and visited Beijing during the 2022 Winter Olympics, where China expressed support for Argentina's sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.

In January 2022, Fernández was elected president pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), succeeding Mexico's Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Fernández condemned the invasion and called on Russia to end military actions in Ukraine. At the UN, Argentina voted to condemn the Russian invasion and demanded a full withdrawal of Russian forces from Ukraine. In July 2022, Fernández stated further support to Ukraine in a phone conversation with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, to whom he promised to deliver more humanitarian aid to Ukraine. Fernández rejected sanctions against Russia and did not want to send weapons to Ukraine.

In September 2023, Fernández condemned Azerbaijan for the blockade of the Lachin corridor and urged the international community to "act preemptively" to avoid "new persecutions" of ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Position during COVID-19 pandemic and measures
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Fernandez's government announced a country-wide lockdown, in effect from 20 March until 31 March, later extended until 12 April. The lockdown was further renewed on 27 April, 11 May, 25 May, 8 June, 1 July, 18 July, 3 August, 17 August, 31 August and 21 September, and included several measures including travel, transport and citizen movement restrictions, stay-at-home orders, store closures and reduced operating hours.

Responses to the outbreak have included restrictions on commerce and movement, closure of borders, and the closure of schools and educational institutions. The announcement of the lockdown was generally well received, although there were concerns with its economic impact in the already delicate state of Argentina's economy, with analysts predicting at least 3% GDP decrease in 2020. Fernandez later announced a 700 billion pesos (US$11.1 billion) stimulus package, worth 2% of the country's GDP. After announced a mandatory quarantine to every person that returned to Argentina from highly affected countries, the government closed its borders, ports, and suspended flights.

On 23 March, Fernández asked the Chinese president Xi Jinping for 1,500 ventilators as Argentina had only 8,890 available.

Included in the package was the announcement of a one-time emergency payment of 10,000 pesos (US$152, as of 20 March) to lower-income individuals whose income was affected by the lockdown, including retirees. Because banks were excluded in the list of businesses that were considered essential in Fernandez's lockdown decree, they remained closed until the Central Bank announced banks would open during a weekend starting on 3 April.

Due to Argentina's notoriously low level of banking penetration, many Argentines, particularly retirees, do not possess bank accounts and are used to withdraw funds and pensions in cash. The decision to open banks for only three days on a reduced-hours basis sparked widespread outrage as hundreds of thousands of retirees (coronavirus' highest risk group) flocked to bank branches in order to withdraw their monthly pension and emergency payment.

Due to the national lockdown, the economic activity suffered a collapse of nearly 10% in March 2020 according to a consultant firm. The highest drop was of the construction sector (32%) versus March 2019. Every economic sector suffered a collapse, with finance, commerce, manufacturing industry and mining being the most affected. The agriculture sector was the least affected, but overall the economic activity for the first trimester of 2020 accumulates a 5% contraction. It is expected that the extension of the lockdown beyond April would increase the collapse of the Argentinian economy. In March, the primary fiscal deficit jumped to US$1,394 million, an 857% increase year-to-year. This was due to the public spending to combat the pandemic and the drop in tax collection due to low activity in a context of social isolation. Schools were closed for over a year, and it is estimated that 1.5 million of kids abandoned school, 13% of the total.

Despite the government's hard lockdown policy, Fernández has been harshly criticized for not following the appropriate protocols himself. This included traveling throughout the country, taking pictures with large groups of supporters without properly wearing a mask nor respecting social distancing, and holding social gatherings with union leaders. On 3 September, despite most local governments still enforcing strict lockdown measures, Fernández stated that "there is no lockdown", and that such thoughts had "been instilled by the opposition", as part of a political agenda. Fernández eased some lockdown measures in the Greater Buenos Aires on 6 November 2020, shifting to a "social distancing" phase.

On 21 January 2021, Fernández became the first Latin American leader to be inoculated against the disease via the recently approved Gam-COVID-Vac (better known as Sputnik V). On 7 December 2021, Fernández received his booster dose of the vaccine.

Ginés González García was forced to resign as Health Minister on 19 February 2021 after it was revealed he provided preferential treatment for the COVID-19 vaccine to his close friends, including journalist Horacio Verbitsky and other political figures. He was succeeded by the second in charge Carla Vizzotti. The revelation was met with wide national condemnation from supporters and opposition, as Argentina had at the time received only 1.5 million doses of vaccine for its population of 40 million.

Fernández tested positive for the COVID-19 on 2 April 2021 having a "light fever".

Justicialist Party chairmanship
On 22 March 2021, Fernández was elected by the national congress of the Justicialist Party as the party's new national chairman, succeeding José Luis Gioja. Fernández ran unopposed, heading the Unidad y Federalismo list, which received the support of diverse sectors in the Peronist movement, including La Cámpora.

Midterm elections 2021
Confirming the trend of that year's primary elections, the Frente de Todos suffered major losses in the November 2021 legislative elections. The FDT lost its majority in the Senate (the first time in nearly 40 years that Peronists lost control of the upper house), and the opposition Juntos por el Cambio coalition gained the upper hand in traditional peronist strongholds, such as La Pampa and Santa Cruz. Observers attributed the loss to the widespread anger over high inflation and rising poverty. The reduced pluralities in both houses of Congress meaning the government will now have to engage in negotiations to pass any initiative requiring legislative approval.

Allegations of racism
On 9 June 2021, Fernández was at a meeting with business leaders alongside Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez at the Casa Rosada. When he sought to play up the Argentinian ties with Europe, he said "The Mexicans came from the Indians, the Brazilians came from the jungle, but we Argentines came from the ships. And they were ships that came from Europe." Fernández erroneously attributed the quote to the Mexican poet, essayist and diplomat Octavio Paz, although it had originated from lyrics by local musician and personal friend Litto Nebbia. Faced with the negative backlash to his comments, on the same day Fernández apologized on Twitter and the next day sent a letter to the director of the National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism (INADI), clarifying his comments.

Violations of COVID-19 rules
In August 2021, it was revealed that there had been numerous visits to the presidential palace during the lockdown that he had imposed in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; visitors included an actress, a dog trainer, and a hairdresser, as well as hosting a birthday party for the First Lady.

Rejection of a Supreme Court ruling
In December 2022, Fernandez sparked a battle with the Supreme Court of Argentina and a legal crisis after he said he would reject a ruling it made to give a larger proportion of state funds to the city of Buenos Aires. In a ruling the Supreme Court said the level of funds to Buenos Aires should be raised from 1.4% of the total pool of funds to 2.95% after it was cut by government decree during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. He said the ruling was unjustified and pledged to ignore it; "it is an unprecedented, incongruous, and impossible-to-enforce ruling", calling the decision politically motivated ahead of general elections next year and adding that it would hurt the other provinces. His remarks sparked off a backlash, with critics saying the rejection of a Supreme Court decision set a dangerous precedent and undermined the justice system, while several provincial governors sided with Fernandez and criticized the court ruling. Buenos Aires city mayor Horacio Rodríguez Larreta, criticized the declaration of Fernandez, saying; "the president decided to break the constitutional order, completely violate the rule of law and attack democracy." Various industry groups criticized the move as dangerous to the rule of law.

Other controversies
Fernández has engaged in disputes with users on Twitter before his presidency, in which his reactions have been regarded as aggressive or violent by some. Tweets show him responding to other users with expletives such as "pelotudo" (Argentinian slang for "asshole"), "pajero" ("wanker"), and "hijo de puta" ("son of a bitch"); he also called presidential candidate José Luis Espert "Pajert", a word play between his last name and the Argentine slang for "wanker". In December 2017, he responded to a female user by saying, "Girl, what you think doesn't worry me. You better learn how to cook. Maybe then you can do something right. Thinking is not your strong suit".

In June 2020, he told journalist Cristina Pérez to "go read the Constitution", after being questioned about his attempts to install a government-designated administration in the Vicentín agricultural conglomerate.

In a 2017 interview for the Netflix mini-series Nisman: The Prosecutor, the President, and the Spy, Fernández stated that "To this day, I doubt that [Nisman] committed suicide"; however, after he became president in 2020, Fernández reportedly said, "I am convinced that it was a suicide, after doubting it a lot, I am not going to lie." He was referring to Alberto Nisman, a prosecutor investigating Fernández's vice president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner for her suspected cover-up of Iran's participation in the 1994 AMIA bombing. Nisman accused Fernández de Kirchner of secretly negotiating with Iranian officials to cover up their complicity in the attack in exchange for oil to reduce Argentina's energy deficit. Officially, the agreement called for the exchange of Argentinian grain for Iranian oil. Nisman was found dead in his apartment on 18 January 2015, only hours before he was scheduled to present his report to Congress.

Personal life
Fernández married Marcela Luchetti, a fellow University of Buenos Aires law student, in 1993. They separated in 2005. Fernández and Luchetti have a single child, Tani Fernández Luchetti (born 1994) known in Argentina for being a drag performer and cosplayer who goes by the stage name Dyhzy.

Since 2014, Fernández has been in a relationship with journalist and stage actress Fabiola Yáñez, who fulfilled the role of First Lady of Argentina during Fernández's presidency. The couple owns three dogs: Dylan (named after Bob Dylan, whom Fernández has praised and cited as an inspiration ) and two of Dylan's puppies, Prócer and Kaila. On 23 September 2021, the presidential office's medical unit announced Yáñez was expecting her first child. Yáñez and Fernández's son, Francisco Fernández Yáñez, was born on 11 April 2022 at Sanatorio Otamendi, in Buenos Aires.

Fernández is also an Honorary Professor of Tsinghua University.

Fernández is a supporter of Argentinos Juniors' football team.

title: Alberto Fernández


text:
The Roosters

The Roosters (ザ・ルースターズ) are a Japanese rock band formed in Fukuoka Prefecture in 1979. Their music has mixed rock and roll, punk rock, British blues, ska, and new wave. Originally active from 1979 to 1988, they performed at the 2004 Fuji Rock Festival before restarting activities in 2009. Through the years, guitarist Hiroyuki Hanada remained the only constant member, with the band currently consisting of the original lineup. In 2003, HMV Japan ranked the Roosters at number 75 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts. In September 2007, Rolling Stone Japan rated their album Good Dreams number 28 on its list of the "100 Greatest Japanese Rock Albums of All Time".

History
They formed in 1979 in the Hakata ward of Fukuoka, named after the blues standard "Little Red Rooster". Although there were four different lineups throughout the life of the band—all centered around guitarist Hiroyuki Hanada--Shinya Oe was the band's first frontman. Oe not only sang lead vocals, but also dominated the writing of lyrics and music for the group for the first three albums. In addition to Oe's contributions, the first two albums were made up of several cover songs. Their third album Insane was a step in a new direction, it was not only the first original Roosters album, but it also featured the first Roosters song not written and composed by Oe: "Baby Sitter", written and composed by bassist Tomio Inoue. This was the first sign of a more democratic Roosters, and it paved the way for Hanada to compose songs for their fourth album Dis.

The Roosters' sixth album φPHY was Oe's last with the group, with only about half of the record credited to him. The rest of the album is credited to Toshiyuki Shibayama for his lyrics and Hanada for his musical compositions. Shibayama continued to write a large portion of the lyrics for the group until they broke up, but never played with them or was an official member. The Roosters appeared, along with other Japanese rock bands, in the 1982 Sogo Ishii film Burst City. In 1985 Shinya Oe decided to take an indefinite break from making music and left the band. Despite losing an integral member of the band the Roosters pressed on and released their seventh album Neon Boy less than nine months after Oe's departure. A single, "Out Land", was Jun Shimoyama's first contribution as a songwriter and composer for the group. Shimoyama continued to write lyrics and music for the band along with Hanada until the band's dissolution in 1988.

In March 1999 a tribute album entitled Respectable Roosters was released and featured bands influenced by The Roosters such as the pillows, Thee Michelle Gun Elephant, Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra, Supercar, Kemuri and others performing covers of their songs.

In the year 2002, four of the original Roosters from various incarnations came together to form the Rock'n'Roll Gypsies.

In 2004 Shinya Oe ended his lengthy musical hiatus to reunite with the original lineup of the Roosters to perform at the 2004 Fuji Rock Festival.

Lineups

 * 1) The Roosters (February 1979 - July 1983, 2004, 2009 - present)
 * 2) *Shinya Oe (大江 慎也 Ōe Shin'ya) - Vocals, Guitar
 * 3) *Hiroyuki Hanada (花田 裕之 Hanada Hiroyuki) - Lead Guitar
 * 4) *Tomio Inoue (井上 富雄 Inoue Tomio) - Bass Guitar
 * 5) *Junzi Ikehata (池畑 潤二 Ikehata Junji) - Drums (Withdrew September 1983)
 * 6) The Roosterz (July 1983 - March 1985)
 * 7) *Shinya Oe - Vocals, Guitar
 * 8) *Hiroyuki Hanada - Lead Guitar
 * 9) *Jun Shimoyama (下山 淳 Shimoyama Jun) - Lead Guitar
 * 10) *Tomio Inoue - Bass (Withdrew January 1984)
 * 11) *Kazuhiko Sakuyama (柞山 一彦 Kazuyama Kazuhiko) - Bass
 * 12) *Masayuki Nadatomo (灘友 正幸 Nadatomo Masayuki) - Drums
 * 13) *Koichi Ando (安藤 広一 Andō Kōichi) - Keyboards (Withdrew March 1985)
 * 14) The Roosterz (March 1985 - December 1987)
 * 15) *Hiroyuki Hanada - Vocals, Guitar
 * 16) *Jun Shimoyama - Guitar
 * 17) *Kazuhiko Sakuyama - Bass Guitar
 * 18) *Masayuki Nadatomo - Drums
 * 19) The Roosterz (December 1987 - July 1988)
 * 20) *Hiroyuki Hanada - Vocals, Guitar
 * 21) *Jun Shimoyama - Lead Guitar
 * 22) *Nikichi Anai (穴井 仁吉 Anai Nikichi) - Bass
 * 23) *Shigeo Mihara (三原 重夫 Mihara Shigeo) - Drums

 * Romanization Note: There are three members of the Roosters who prefer irregular romanizations of their names, Shinya Oe, Junzi Ikehata and Koichi Ando. 'Modified Hepburn' romanizations are given next to their names in Japanese in their case.

Discography

 * Albums
 * The Roosters (1980)
 * The Roosters a-Gogo (1981)
 * Insane (1981)
 * Dis. (1983)
 * Good Dreams (1984)
 * φPHY (1984)
 * SOS (1985)
 * Neon Boy (1985)
 * Kaminari (1986)
 * Passenger (1987)
 * Four Pieces (1988)
 * Four Pieces Live (1988)

title: The Roosters