text:
Egungun

Egungun, (egúngún with Yorùbá language tone marks) in the broadest sense is any Yoruba masquerade or masked, costumed figure. More specifically, it is a Yoruba masquerade for ancestor reverence, or the ancestors themselves as a collective force. Eégún is the reduced form (abbreviation through assimilation) of the word egúngún and has the same meaning. There is a misconception that Egun or Eegun (eégún with Yorùbá tone marks) is the singular form, or that it represents the ancestors while egúngún is the masquerade or the plural form. This misconception is common in the Americas by Orisa devotees that do not speak Yorùbá language as a vernacular. Egungun is a visible manifestation of the spirits of departed ancestors who periodically revisit the human community for remembrance, celebration, and blessings.

Classification of Egungun types
The classification of Egun or Egungun types, might appear to be a fairly straightforward task, but in fact it is extremely complex deciphering the comprehension of indigenous taxonomies.

The difficulties include: the problem of distinguishing between personal Egun names and generic terms for types; the problem of determining "sets" where one masquerade may be regarded as several type of categories simultaneously; the practice of "layering," in which a masquerade wears one costume type over another and changes these during performance; and the variety of criteria used to classify Egungun as well as the range of variations within type of categories. Such factors demonstrate the complexity of the analysis of indigenous taxonomies and the classification of masquerade types. These same difficulties arise in the definition and use of the term Egungun itself. However, from cultural affinities, especially in the Yoruba land, Southwest, Nigeria, the following egungun names can be identified: Danafojura and Awodagbese in Ogbomoso, Alapansanpa in Ibadan, and Feleru in Ibobu, Osun State.

Role of the family
In the Yoruba religion, the annual ceremonies in honor of the dead serve as a means of assuring their ancestors a place among the living. They believe the ancestors have the responsibility to compel the living to uphold the ethical standards of the past generations of their clan, town or family. The Egungun are celebrated in festivals, known as Odun Egungun, and in family ritual through the masquerade custom. In family situations, a family elder known either formally or informally as "Alagba" presides over ancestral rites. He may or may not be initiated into the local Egungun society. In matters that deal with whole communities, Egungun priests and initiates who are trained in ancestral communication, ancestral elevation and funerary rites are assigned to invoke and bring out the ancestors. They wear elaborate costumes as masquerades. Through drumming and dance, the Egungun robed performers are believed to become possessed by the spirits of the ancestors, as manifested as a single entity. The Egungun spiritually cleans the community; through the dramatic acting and miming of the robed priests, they demonstrate both ethical and amoral behavior that have occurred since their last visit. In this way, they expose the strengths and weaknesses of the community to encourage behavior more befitting of their descendants. When this performance is completed, the performers as Egungun give messages, warnings and blessings to the assembled spectators.

Important Egungun include the Oloolu and Alapansanpa, both of Ibadanland. Elewe of the Ìgbómìnà Yoruba clan, which is common in the towns of Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún, Ìlá Òràngún, and Arandun, is also of particular prominence.

In Brazil, the main cult of the Egungun is found on the island of Itaparica, in the State of Bahia. Houses of worship dedicated to the Egungun also exist in other states.

Egungun ensembles
Cloth plays an important role in the world of the Yoruba. Their beliefs equate nakedness with infancy, insanity, or the lack of social responsibility. More elaborate dress reflects social power and prestige. In performances honoring ancestors, exquisite cloth is the major medium for the masker's transformation. An Egungun costume is composed of multiple layers of cloth lappets made from expensive and prestigious textiles, expressing the wealth and status of a family as well as the power of the ancestor.

The composition of an Egungun ensemble has several distinctive features. The layer worn closest to the masker's skin, the under sack, must be made of Aso-Oke, the indigo and white strip-cloth (Fig. 6). It closely resembles the shroud in which the dead are wrapped. This sack, along with the netting for the face and hands, must completely seal the masker's body. The netting effectively disguises facial and hand features that might disclose his identity.

On top of this base are placed the layers of lappets. As the masker whirls, the lappets are sent flying, creating a "breeze of blessing." The design of the costume is therefore closely related to the choreography of the performance. Henry Drewal hypothesizes that the breeze of blessing created by the Egungun may also relate to Oya, the wife of Shango, the deified fourth king of Oyo and the god of thunder. Oya is the whirlwind, considered a wind of blessing, that precedes Shango, the storm.

To make the costume beautiful, and thus powerful, the lappets are decorated with patchwork patterns, braids, sequins, tassels, and amulets. The amulets hold medicinal preparations which have performative power (ase), providing protection against enemies at a time when the transformed person is vulnerable. The main protective amulets, however, are on the inside of the costume, not the outside. Metallic objects are also sewn onto the garment. These catch the light as the wearer moves, creating flashes that suggest connection to the spirit world, orun.

The multiple hidden and visible layers of fabric used to create an Egungun costume signify the sacred and the worldly, respectively. The layers, used in combination, suggest the reunion of the departed and the living.

An ensemble is repaired and refurbished for use year after year, with layers of new lappets and amulets added to express remembrance and honour. Through divination, however, an ancestor might request a new costume altogether. The owner and the patron, the priest of divination, the tailor, the herbalist who prepares the packets of medicines, and the entire lineage collaborate in creating the ensemble. Depending upon its wealth, a family may own several types of Egungun costumes, which may represent specific or collective ancestors of the lineage.

The Egungun ensemble acts as the medium for the masker's transformation into his ancestors. An Egungun society is composed of men and women whose lineages have the right to present the masquerade. Men do the masking. Women never wear the costume, although they participate in the chorus that sings the oriki praise poems and histories of the families. Elder women of high title also perform invocations, prayers, and offerings. At annual festivals, each of the numerous lineages is given a separate day to perform. The masker is kept at a distance from the surrounding crowd with the help of attendants dressed in masquerade costumes of different types. After all the Egungun have danced, the ensembles are stored until the next performance.

Festival
Egungun Festival is a festival that is celebrated amongst the Yoruba people, which is celebrated annually and has been passed successively down to generations. "The ensuing festival goes on for several days and strengthens the bonds that unite families and communities with departed ancestors." It is believed to help develop trade and commerce and generally bond the people of Yorubaland together regardless of their religious beliefs. Members of the society dance to marketplaces, wearing their masks to represent the deceased spirits of their ancestors, the spirit to be worshipped is solely decided by Ifa Oracle.

Women's role in Egungun
Egungun masquerades are male-dominated within the performance aspect and only males are allowed to connect with the spirits in Egungun by transforming into the masked figure. Women are prevalent in creating the materials, dramatizing the performance, singing, dancing and watching. Elders say that separation is necessary because of the dangers of women power.

According to the Ifa corpus, women were once in control of Egungun. The ritual originates from women's religious experience in Yoruba. It is also argued that women were the sustainers of Egungun and according to the Odu Irantegbe chapter of the Ifa corpus, they were tricked by men and their powers over the Egungun cult were taken away.

Film and video
An Egungun masquerade performance at the palace of HRM The Alafin, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria, this being video footage that was filmed in August, 1999: Egungun Energized to Dance

title: Egungun


text:
Turner County

Turner County is the name of two counties in the United States:

 * Turner County, Georgia
 * Turner County, South Dakota

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Turner County


text:
Talk:Hanford, Washington

March 2004
There really used to be a town with this name, according to the Hanford Site article, so I figure that instead of a disambiguation page, we should just have a stub about the town. It's that, or a redirect to Hanford site. I prefer the stub, in case someone comes along with more information. Isomorphic 04:55, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Condemnation Murder
During the condemnation proceedings for the lands to be controlled by the Manhattan Project in the Hanford community area (several counties) the federal government's land aquisitioning expert had a meeting with the then Director of The Westinghouse Corporation and who was also the Director of WIDCo (aka: W.I.D.Co., WIDCO, WIDCo. and The Washington Irrigation and Development Company). During the proceeding, the Director stated, "You will bankrupt us," and, "We will not be a party to conspiracies to commit war crimes." The expert then shot the Director at the proposed facility in Benton County. Documents belonging to the companies have recently been surfacing. Westinghouse and WIDCo. were active in a joint venture in the area at the time (about 1943).

WIDCo. was sent home to a "Parent" company and was traded thousands of acres of real estate for its stolen interests. WIDCo. set up a holding company by the name of Pentzer Corporation (which was retroactively incorporated in the German language in about 1890 in the State of Washington) and thereby transferred 100% of its properties, including a 52-54% interest in The Washington Water Power Company, to Pentzer Corporation. The Pentzer Corporation (wholly owned by WIDCo. and any interests vested or unvested of Westinghouse) was then "Given" to The Washington Water Power Company under contract of perpetual continuation of both WIDCo. and Pentzer Corporation.

WIDCo. remained oprerative in helping to establish the Kaiser Aluminum smelting facility in Spokane, WA by establishing a very lucrative electrical contract of 1 to 3 1/3 cents over the cost of production toward the Kaiser company. This contract remained in effect until President and CEO Paul A. Redmond of The Washington Water Power Company came to notice the contract (for renewal?); at which time he became very irritated and incensed and questioned why Kaiser should have such a contract. Since that time, Kaiser has gone bankrupt.

One last thing: WIDCo. was asked to indemnify the United States Government in the matter. To this day, we have been trying to keep the government from committing its crimes, to no avail. 216.215.40.65 (talk) 01:36, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It's quite the allegation - can it be backed up? Are there any references that you can cite? Nothingofwater (talk) 17:54, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

=Opened for discussion? I am a novice and don't know much. By my understanding of the requirements of Wikipedia, the records would need to be readily available as an internet source.

No, it can't be backed up unless one were able to access unadulterated Westinghouse records (DOD has been known to "slip" pages from higher educational institution periodicals and also remove entire books, my personal documentation 1964 or 1965 as ROTC observer), records of WIDCo and records of others.

In about 1996 July or August(?)the Department of Defense showed interest in seizing submerged property of WIDCo that was located in the backwater reservoir of Priest Rapids Dam; claimed interest was for use in expansion of the Yakima Firing Center? WWP was notified of the DOD interest through legal notice. I suppose that is a start (Yakima Herald Republic). WIDCo's interst in the Spokane Industrial Park was aquired by the Department of Navy, I believe, (a requirement of the Fed's use of real estate, that they own it completely, they wouldn't accept a loan of property) for a period of time during a World War (don't quite remember if WIDCo originally aquired it from the Federal Government). WIDCo had an electrical coal generation station there at the time and WIDCo paved the property over for the Feds. If I remember correctly, this property was returned in the land swap that I mentioned in the lead of discussion. Should this discussion be closed? 216.215.40.65 (talk) 23:51, 15 July 2009 (UTC) ==So, why did I get that box thingy? Should have previewed, but I don't think I could have fixed it. BTW, submerged property is unusual. 216.215.40.65 (talk) 00:00, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Population
What was the population at peak, and at the time of depopulation if different? -- Beland (talk) 12:55, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hanford, Washington. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080808000601/http://ebchs.org/architecture/Hanford/townsite/h_hanford_townsite.htm to http://ebchs.org/architecture/Hanford/townsite/h_hanford_townsite.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:26, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hanford, Washington


text:
Dos mujeres, un camino

Dos mujeres, un camino (English title: Two women, one path) is a Mexican neo-noir telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa for Televisa in 1993-1994. This production was exhibited in 47 countries, including Indonesia, had high viewer ratings, and has been described as one of Televisa's most successful telenovelas.

Erik Estrada, Laura León and Bibi Gaytán starred as protagonists, while Enrique Rocha, Claudio Báez, Luz María Jerez, Elizabeth Dupeyrón, Lorena Herrera, Eduardo Liceaga and Rodrigo Vidal starred as antagonists. Tejano singer Selena appeared in two episodes.

Plot
The series tells the story of Juan Daniel, known as Johnny, a U.S.-born Mexican truck driver and family man who falls in love with a woman he meets in his travels, and of the complications as a consequence of his new love. Dos Mujeres... used the then-new North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) as a backdrop to the story; Johnny transported merchandise from Mexico to the United States.

Johnny had enemies in Tijuana, where he was blamed for the death of Bernardo Montegarza (Eduardo Liceaga), son of the Montegarza family. Johnny is still very much in love with his wife (Laura León) when he falls for a young waitress, Tanya (Bibi Gaytán), whose mother owns a restaurant that Johnny frequents.

Tanya does not know he is married, and Raymundo, a police officer in love with Tanya, is working with fellow officer Ángel to pursue the head of the family that blames Johnny for the young man's death. It is later discovered that Johnny did not cause Bernardo's death (his own sister Alejandra, who was secretly in love with Johnny, had sabotaged a truck thinking that Johnny would use it), and while he was struggling to decide whether he wants to stay with his wife or his girlfriend, Tanya dies taking a knife thrust intended for her rival – Johnny's wife – Ana Maria.

A side story involves Tanya's friend Graciela being pursued by Bernardo's younger brother Ricardo, and egged on by her mother, but preferring Ángel, who along with Raymundo are pursuing a drug trafficker known simply as Medusa, who turns out to be Bernardo, who was taken in by a drug cartel and changed his identity. Graciela becomes pregnant with Ricardo's child, but she begins to like Ángel more as a potential husband. It is also revealed that Tanya's real father was in fact Ismael Montegarza, patriarch of the Montegarza family and father of Bernardo, Alejandra and Ricardo; Ismael refuses to have anything to do with Bernardo after realizing what he had been doing, and decides to support Ricardo, the only son who was truly loyal to him.

Johnny and Ana Maria seem to reconcile after Tanya's death. The final scene shows the couple retiring for the evening; Johnny, however, in the middle of the night, has a nightmare about Tanya's death, and calls her name in his sleep. When he awakes in the morning, Ana Maria and the children are gone, but in a letter, she promises that he will see the children, but not her.

Main

 * Erik Estrada as Juan Daniel "Johnny" Villegas
 * Laura León as Ana María Romero de Villegas
 * Bibi Gaytán as Tania García Pérez / Tania Montegarza Pérez

Supporting

 * Enrique Rocha† as Don Ismael Montegarza
 * Luz María Jerez as Alejandra Montegarza Almonte
 * Elizabeth Dupeyrón as Amalia Núñez de Toruño
 * Claudio Báez† as Enrique Iliades
 * José Flores as Emiliano
 * Rodrigo Vidal as Ricardo "Richi" Montegarza Almonte
 * Itatí Cantoral as Graciela Toruño Nuñez / Graciela Torres Nuñez
 * Roberto Palazuelos as Raymundo Soto #1
 * Sergio Sendel as Raymundo Soto #2
 * Juan Carlos Casasola as Leobardo
 * María Clara Zurita as Elena Pérez de García
 * Mario Sauret as Agustín García Ordoñez
 * Jorge Salinas as Ángel Lascuraín
 * Francisco Huerdo as Guillermo "Memo" Villegas Romero
 * Carlos Miguel as Cristóbal Platas
 * Gabriela Platas as Paola Iliades
 * Members of Grupo Bronco as Themselves
 * Lorena Herrera as Lorena Arau Bermúdez

Recurring

 * Hugo Macías Macotela as El Comanche
 * Roberto Tello as Odilón
 * Salvador Garcini as Roberto Toruño / Roberto Torres
 * Eduardo Liceaga as Bernardo Montegarza Almonte "Medusa"
 * Marina Marín as Lucrecia Almonte de Montegarza
 * Anadela as Anadela
 * Monica Dossetti as Alicia
 * Horacio Almada as Homero
 * Queta Carrasco† as "Grandmother Drugdealer"
 * Magdalena Cabrera as Silvia
 * José Antonio Iturriaga as Armando
 * Oyuki Manjarrez as Lupita
 * Jorge Becerril as "El Diablo"
 * Rodolfo de Alejandre as Lucas
 * Silvia Valdez as Dominga
 * Alfredo Alonso as Gerente
 * Rodrigo Ruiz as Freddy
 * Magdalena Cabrera as Shirley
 * Sussan Taunton as Susana
 * Yaxkin Santalucía as Arturo
 * Amparo Garrido as Bertha
 * Rodolfo Velez as Germán*
 * Selena† as herself
 * Gustavo Aguilar "Manotas"
 * Alfonso Kafiti as Commander Sergio Buenrostro
 * Jaime Puga as Commander Camilo Martínez
 * Carlos Bonavides as herself
 * Carlos González as "El Toro"
 * Miguel "El Piojo" Herrera as herself
 * Juan Raúl Hernández
 * Isadora González
 * Guillermo Iván
 * Rodrigo Zurita
 * Rodrigo de la Colina
 * Carlos Osiris
 * Raúl Ruíz
 * Ángeles Yáñez
 * Félix Córdova

title: Dos mujeres, un camino


text:
New York Shipbuilding Corporation

The New York Shipbuilding Corporation (or New York Ship for short) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968, ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy, the United States Merchant Marine, the United States Coast Guard, and other maritime concerns. At its peak during World War II, NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Its best-known vessels include the destroyer USS Reuben James (DD-245), the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35), the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), the nuclear-powered cargo ship NS Savannah, and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the 4 Aces.

History
It was founded in 1899 by Henry G. Morse (1850–2 June 1903), an engineer noted in connection with bridge design and construction and senior partner of Morse Bridge Company. The original plan was to build a shipyard on Staten Island, thus the name of the company, but plans to acquire a site there failed. The company then explored other potential sites as far south as Virginia, particularly in the Delaware River area, and ultimately chose a location in the southern part of Camden, New Jersey. Site selection considered the needs of the planned application of bridge-building practices of prefabrication and assembly-line production of ships in covered ways. Construction of the plant began in July 1899; the keel of the first ship was laid in November 1900. That ship, contract number 1, was M. S. Dollar, which was later modified as an oil tanker and renamed J. M. Guffey. Two of the first contracts were for passenger ships that were among the largest then being built in the United States: #5 for SS Mongolia (1903) and #6 for SS Manchuria (1903). Morse died after securing contracts for 20 ships. He was followed as president by De Coursey May.

On November 27, 1916, a special meeting of the company's stockholders ratified sale of the "fifteen million dollar plant" to a group of companies composed of American International Corporation, International Mercantile Marine Co., W. R. Grace and Company and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. From about 1933 to 1937 the shipyard was part of Errett Lobban Cord's business empire.

New York Ship's unusual covered ways produced everything from aircraft carriers, battleships, and luxury liners to barges and car floats.

During World War I, New York Ship expanded rapidly to fill orders from the U.S. Navy and the Emergency Fleet Corporation. A critical shortage of worker housing led to the construction of Yorkship Village, a planned community of 1,000 brick homes designed by Electus Darwin Litchfield and financed by the War Department. Yorkship Village is now the Fairview section of the City of Camden.

New York Ship's World War II production included all nine Independence-class aircraft carrier light carriers (CVL), built on Cleveland-class cruiser light cruiser hulls; the 40,000-ton battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57); all three of the six 30,000-ton Alaska-class cruisers that were built (USS Alaska (CB-1), USS Guam (CB-2), and USS Hawaii (CB-3)), four 15,000-ton Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, and 98 LCTs (Landing Craft, Tank), many of which took part in the D-Day landings at Normandy.

After World War II, a much-diminished New York Ship subsisted on a trickle of contracts from the United States Maritime Administration and the U.S. Navy. In 1959, the yard launched the NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship. The yard launched its last civilian vessel (SS Export Adventurer) in 1960, and its last naval vessel, USS Camden (AOE-2), was ordered in 1967. The company's final completed submarine was USS Guardfish (SSN-612), which had been ordered in the early 1960s, but construction was halted from 1963 to 1965 because of the loss of the USS Thresher (SSN-593). Guardfish was commissioned in December 1967.

In 1968, lacking new naval orders, NYS ceased operations. USS Pogy (SSN-647), then under construction, was towed to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, for completion.

The yard's site is now part of the Port of Camden.

Ships built
Ships built by New York Ship include:
 * Aircraft carriers
 * 1 of 2 Lexington-class aircraft carrier
 * USS Saratoga (CV-3), launched 7 April 1925
 * 9 of 9 Independence-class aircraft carrier light carriers
 * USS Independence (CVL-22)
 * USS Princeton (CVL-23), USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24), USS Cowpens (CVL-25), USS Monterey (CVL-26), USS Langley (CVL-27), USS Cabot (CVL-28), USS Bataan (CVL-29)
 * USS San Jacinto (CVL-30)
 * 2 of 2 Saipan-class aircraft carrier light carriers
 * USS Saipan (CVL-48), USS Wright (CVL-49)
 * 1 of 4 Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier
 * USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), launched 21 May 1960
 * Battleships
 * 1 of 3 New Mexico-class battleship
 * USS Idaho (BB-42)
 * 1 of 3 Colorado-class battleship
 * USS Colorado (BB-45)
 * 1 of 4 South Dakota-class battleship
 * USS South Dakota (BB-57)
 * Colliers
 * SS Plymouth served as USS Plymouth from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service as SS Plymouth
 * SS Fairmont served as USS Fairmont from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service again as the SS Fairmont. In 1922 she was renamed Nebraskan. For World War II she was renamed SS Black Point and was the last ship sunk by a U-boat on May 5, 1945.
 * SS Winding Gulf
 * SS Tidewater did not serve in the US Navy. Renamed SS Isaac T. Mann in 1923 and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1954.
 * SS Glen White served as USS Glen White from 1918 to 1919 then returned to civilian service as SS Glen White.
 * SS Sewalls Point did not serve in the US Navy.
 * SS Franklin did not serve in the US Navy, became SS Nevadan in 1921, then SS Oakey L. Alexander in 1926. Was wrecked on the Maine coast on 3 March 1947.
 * SS William N. Page
 * Cruisers
 * 1 of 2 Portland-class cruiser heavy cruisers
 * USS Indianapolis (CA-35) launched 7 November 1931
 * 3 of 9 Brooklyn-class cruiser light cruisers
 * USS Savannah (CL-42) launched 8 May 1937
 * USS Nashville (CL-43) 2 October 1937
 * USS Phoenix (CL-46) 19 March 1938
 * 4 of 14 Baltimore-class cruiser heavy cruisers
 * USS Bremerton (CA-130) launched 2 July 1944
 * USS Fall River (CA-131) 13 August 1944
 * USS Macon (CA-132) 15 October 1944
 * USS Toledo (CA-133) 6 May 1945
 * 3 of 3 Alaska-class cruiser large cruiser
 * USS Alaska (CB-1), USS Guam (CB-2), USS Hawaii (CB-3)
 * 8 of 27 Cleveland-class cruiser light cruisers
 * 4 of 8 Porter-class destroyers
 * Fast combat support ship
 * Sacramento-class fast combat support ship
 * USS Camden (AOE-2)
 * Oil tankers
 * SS Gulfoil
 * Gulflight launched 1914. Center of a diplomatic incident when torpedoed in World War I.
 * SS Sylvan Arrow, launched 1918
 * SS Camden (1921) sunk by Japanese submarine I-25 in 1942
 * SS Dixie Arrow
 * JAPANESE SEAPLANE TENDER Kamoi launched 1922
 * SS Empire Arrow
 * Submarine
 * Thresher/Permit-class fast attack submarine (nuclear)
 * USS Pollack (SSN-603)
 * USS Haddo (SSN-604)
 * USS Guardfish (SSN-612)
 * Sturgeon-class submarine fast attack submarine (nuclear)
 * USS Pogy (SSN-647) (completed at Ingalls Shipbuilding)
 * Barbel-class fast attack submarine (diesel):
 * USS Bonefish (SS-582)
 * Nuclear-powered merchant ship
 * NS Savannah
 * Passenger/cargo ship
 * SS Panhandle State: Also named: President Monroe, President Buchanan, (Iris), and Emily H. M. Weder.
 * SS Munargo: Also named Arthur Murray (Army but never used), USS Munargo (Navy), USAT Thistle, USAHS Thistle (Army hospital).
 * Other ships and boats
 * Washington Irving—the biggest passenger-carrying riverboat (paddle steamer) ever built.

Athletic
An Athletic team for the 16,000 employees was created in the 1910s.

title: New York Shipbuilding Corporation


text:
Adenostyles

Adenostyles is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family Asteraceae, and of the tribe Senecioneae. It was described as a genus in 1816. Adenostyles occur in the temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Asia Minor.

Adenostyles includes species that were considered to belong to the genus Cacalia. The term was used in 1883 for a genus of Orchidaceae.

Species
, Plants of the World online has 6 accepted species: • Adenostyles alliariae - Southern, Central and Eastern Europe

• Adenostyles alpina  - Central Europe

• Adenostyles australis

• Adenostyles briquetii  - Corsica

• Adenostyles dubia

• Adenostyles intermedia

• Adenostyles leucophylla  - Alps

Selected hybrids include:
 * Adenostyles × canescens
 * Adenostyles × eginensis

Selected synonyms include:
 * Adenostyles macrophylla — synonym of Caucasalia macrophylla
 * Adenostyles platyphylloides — synonym of  Caucasalia pontica
 * Adenostyles rhombifolia — synonym of Caucasalia macrophylla
 * Adenostyles similiflorus — synonym of Caucasalia similiflora

title: Adenostyles


text:
Trinity County

Trinity County is the name of two counties in the United States:

 * Trinity County, California
 * Trinity County, Texas

title: Trinity County


text:
Master Kong (disambiguation)

Master Kong is the largest instant noodle producer in China.

Master Kong may also refer to:

 * Master Kong Chef's Table, a restaurant chain operated by the food company
 * Master Kong (restaurant), Portland, Oregon, U.S.
 * Confucius, the latinization of the Chinese name Kongfuzi for which the literal meaning is "Master Kong"

title: Master Kong (disambiguation)


text:
User:Mostlybob

A newb, yet, but I really like the idea of wikipedia. (Mar 17, 2004)

Here's my blog.

title: User:Mostlybob


text:
Long-tailed weasel

The long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata), also known as the bridled weasel, masked ermine, or big stoat, is a species of mustelid native to the Neotropics. It is distinct from the short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea), also known as a "stoat", a close relation in the genus Mustela that originated in Eurasia and crossed into North America some half million years ago; the two species are visually similar, especially the black tail tip.

Taxonomy
The long-tailed weasel was originally described in the genus Mustela with the name Mustela frenata by Hinrich Lichtenstein in 1831. In 1993, the classification, Mustela frenata, was accepted into the second edition of the Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, which was published by the Smithsonian Institution Press. The species, with classification and name Mustela frenata, was accepted into the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Later, in a study published in 2021 in the Journal of Animal Diversity, Bruce Patterson et al. reclassified the long-tailed weasel into the genus Neogale along with 2 other former Mustela species, as well as the two species formerly classified in Neovison.

Evolution
The long-tailed weasel is the product of a process begun 5–7 million years ago, when northern forests were replaced by open grassland, thus prompting an explosive evolution of small, burrowing rodents. The long-tailed weasel's ancestors were larger than the current form, and underwent a reduction in size to exploit the new food source. The long-tailed weasel arose in North America 2 million years ago, shortly before the stoat evolved as its mirror image in Eurasia. The species thrived during the Ice Age, as its small size and long body allowed it to easily operate beneath snow, as well as hunt in burrows. The long-tailed weasel and the stoat remained separated until half a million years ago, when falling sea levels exposed the Bering land bridge, thus allowing the stoat to cross into North America. However, unlike the latter species, the long-tailed weasel never crossed the land bridge, and did not spread into Eurasia.

Description
The long-tailed weasel is one of the larger weasels (comprising both Neogale and Mustela) in North America. There is substantial disagreement both on the upper end of their size and difference in size by sex by source: one indicates a body length of 300 – and a tail comprising 40–70% of the head and body length. It adds that in most populations, females are 10–15% smaller than males, thus making them about the same size as large male stoats, according to a second source. A third states they range from 11 to 22 inches (280–560 mm) in length, with the tail measuring an additional 3 to 6 inches (80–150 mm). It maintains the long-tailed weasel weighs between 3 and 9 ounces (85-267 g) with males being about twice as large as the females.

The eyes are black in daylight, but glow bright emerald green when caught in a spotlight at night. The dorsal fur is brown in summer, while the underparts are whitish and tinged with yellowish or buffy brown from the chin to the inguinal region. The tail has a distinct black tip. Long-tailed weasels in Florida and the southwestern US may have facial markings of a white or yellowish colour. In northern areas in winter, the long-tailed weasel's fur becomes white, sometimes with yellow tints, but the tail retains its black tip. The long-tailed weasel moults twice annually, once in autumn (October to mid-November) and once in spring (March–April). Each moult takes about 3–4 weeks and is governed by day length and mediated by the pituitary gland. Unlike the stoat, whose soles are thickly furred all year, the long-tailed weasel's soles are naked in summer. The long-tailed weasel has well-developed anal scent glands, which produce a strong and musky odour. Analysis of a dichloromethane extract of the anal gland secretion showed it contained 2,2-dimethylthietane, 2,4-dimethylthietane, 2,3-dimethylthietane, 2-propylthietane, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane, 3-ethyl-1,2-dithiolane, indole and 2-aminoacetophenone. Unlike skunks, which spray their musk, the long-tailed weasel drags and rubs its body over surfaces in order to leave the scent, to mark their territory and, when startled or threatened, to discourage predators.

Tracks and scat
The footprint of a long-tailed weasel is about 1 inch (25 mm) long. Although they have five toes, only four of them can be seen in their tracks. The only exception to this is when walking in the snow or mud, all five of their toes are shown. Their footprints will also appear heavier if the weasel is carrying food. Another way to determine the presence of a weasel is by looking for wavy indents made by their tails in the snow.

The long-tailed weasel uses one spot to leave their feces. This spot is usually near where they burrow. They'll continuously use this spot for their droppings until it gets covered by environmental changes.

Distinguishing features

A black-tipped tail, yellowish-white belly fur, and brown fur on its back and sides are distinguishing for the long-tailed weasel. Additionally, the long-tailed weasel has long whiskers, a long narrow body, and a long tail that is approximately half the length of the body and head of the weasel. Compared to the short-tailed weasel the long-tailed weasel lacks a white line on the insides of its legs.

Reproduction and development
The long-tailed weasel mates in July–August, with implantation of the fertilized egg on the uterine wall being delayed until about March. The gestation period lasts 10 months, with actual embryonic development taking place only during the last four weeks of this period, an adaptation to timing births for spring, when small mammals are abundant. Litter size generally consists of 5–8 kits, which are born in April–May. The kits are born partially naked, blind and weighing 3 g, about the same weight of a hummingbird. The long-tailed weasel's growth rate is rapid, as by the age of three weeks, the kits are well furred, can crawl outside the nest and eat meat. At this time, the kits weigh 21 –. At five weeks of age, the kit's eyes open, and the young become physically active and vocal. Weaning begins at this stage, with the kits emerging from the nest and accompanying the mother in hunting trips a week later. The kits are fully grown by autumn, at which time the family disbands. The females are able to breed at 3–4 months of age, while males become sexually mature at 15–18 months.

Denning and sheltering behaviour
The long-tailed weasel dens in ground burrows, under stumps or beneath rock piles. It usually does not dig its own burrows, but commonly uses abandoned chipmunk holes. The 22 – diameter nest chamber is situated around 60 cm from the burrow entrance, and is lined with straw and the fur of prey.

Defense
The enemies of the long-tailed weasel are usually coyotes, foxes, wildcats, wolves, and the Canadian lynx. The weasel will give off its musky odor, however, this is not primarily used when encountering other creatures. When leaving an area they were just in, they will leave their odor behind. This is done by the weasels taking themselves and hauling their bodies across surfaces they just interacted with. The long-tailed weasel does this to "discourage predators" from coming back to the area, possibly indicating that the weasel considers this a safe haven for return. This type of reaction is also reserved for when the weasel feels it is in danger, or when it is looking for a mate. Tree-climbing is another type of defense mechanism that long-tailed weasels utilize against predators on the ground. These weasels will climb up a reasonable height of a tree when they sense that they are in danger. They will then sit silent and "motionless", while looking at their presumed predator. These weasels keep their guard up like this until the predator leaves, and when the weasel considers itself no longer in danger.

Another common defense of long-tailed weasels is its black-tipped tail, which differs in color from the rest of the body. When the long-tailed weasel becomes more white in the winter, this defense mechanism is especially used. The black-tipped tail distracts predators from the rest of the body, as it is more visible to the eye of a predator. This causes the visibility of the actual weasel to be rather difficult and makes the predator attack the tail instead of the weasel. The weasel is allowed to escape the predator because of this.

Diet
The long-tailed weasel is a fearless and aggressive hunter which may attack animals far larger than itself. When stalking, it waves its head from side to side in order to pick up the scent of its prey. It hunts small prey, such as mice, by rushing at them and killing them with one bite to the head. With large prey, such as rabbits, the long-tailed weasel strikes quickly, taking its prey off guard. It grabs the nearest part of the animal and climbs upon its body, maintaining its hold with its feet. The long-tailed weasel then manoeuvres itself to inflict a lethal bite to the neck.

The long-tailed weasel is an obligate carnivore which prefers its prey to be fresh or alive, eating only the carrion stored within its burrows. Rodents are almost exclusively taken when they are available. Its primary prey consists of mice, rats, squirrels, chipmunks, shrews, moles and rabbits. Occasionally, it may eat small birds, bird eggs, reptiles, amphibians, fish, earthworms and some insects. The species has also been observed to take bats from nursery colonies. It occasionally surplus kills, usually in spring when the kits are being fed, and again in autumn. Some of the surplus kills may be cached, but are usually left uneaten. Kits in captivity eat from a quarter to half of their body weight in 24 hours, while adults eat only one fifth to one third. After killing its prey, the long-tailed weasel laps up the blood, but does not suck it, as is popularly believed. With small prey, also the fur, feathers, flesh and bones are consumed, but only some flesh is eaten from large prey. When stealing eggs, the long-tailed weasel removes each egg from its nest one at a time, then carries it in its mouth to a safe location where it bites off the top and licks out the contents or if they have babies in the den they may hold it in their mouth all the way back to them.

Subspecies
, 42 subspecies are recognised.

Cultural meanings
In North America, Native Americans (in the region of Chatham County, North Carolina) deemed the long-tailed weasel to be a bad sign; crossing its path meant a "speedy death".

title: Long-tailed weasel


text:
Barbed Wire

Barbed Wire may refer to

Barbed wire

 * Barbed wire
 * Razor wire

Film

 * Barbed Wire (1927 film), a war film starring Pola Negri
 * Barbed Wire (1952 film), a Western film starring Gene Autry

Other

 * BarbedWire Studios, developers of the video game Gates of Hell
 * Barbed Wire, a 2000 album by rock and roll guitarist Link Wray
 * Barbed Wire, an American Anarcho-punk band from Denver, Colorado
 * Barbed Wire, a novel by Máirtín Ó Cadhain, published posthumously in 2002
 * "Barbed Wire", a song by Kendrick Lamar from the 2010 album Overly Dedicated

title: Barbed Wire


text:
The Topper Book

The Topper Book was a comic book published from 1954 to 1994, to tie in with the children's comic The Topper. The first twelve editions were undated, and later books were published with the date of the following year on the cover, since they were traditionally published in the autumn and in time for Christmas.

Originally called The Topper Book with no year at the end, the book was printed in landscape format instead of traditional vertically shaped portrait formats like The Beano Annual and The Dandy Annual. It changed to vertical in 1960. Although The Topper merged with The Beezer in 1990, the annual continued for a few years afterwards. The 1994 annual, published in 1993, was the last one.

Annuals
The books were published the autumn before with the 1955 annual published in Autumn 1954. Price in shillings and (old) pence with one shilling equal to 5p.

 * 1955. 23 different characters in five strips with the last being a giant panda. Price 7/-
 * 1956. Dartboard design with Topper characters in middle circle and birds, cars, etc. in outer circle. Price 7/-
 * 1957. Twenty five squares, each containing a different character or object. Price 7/-
 * 1958. Diamond like diagonal shapes, each containing a character or object. Price 7/-
 * 1959. Captain Bungle pointing rifle at four animals in distance. Elephant, giraffe, hippo and zebra. Monkey sitting on rifle about to fire catapult at him. Price 7/-
 * 1960. Title is diagonal with heads of Topper characters above and below it. Price 7/-
 * 1961. Bandit Figaro (Mexican) leaning against cactus tree and laughing while reading Topper book. Horse laughing with him. Price 7/6
 * 1962. A number of heads of characters with names below them. Beryl the Peril top right and Foxy bottom right. Price 7/6
 * 1963. Julius Cheeser sitting in deck chair amidst drawing pins. Tom Cat clutching his foot which has four drawing pins sticking in it. Heads of five Topper characters above title. Price 7/6
 * 1964. Foxy with hands above his head. Rifle pointed at his back held by chicken and balloon. Price 7/6
 * 1965. Two pictures. Figaro holding up a cowboy while another cowboy is hiding behind a rock and lighting a firework. Price 7/6
 * 1966. Four pictures showing Tom Cat and Julius Cheeser and a fire-cracker. Price 7/6

title: The Topper Book


text:
Daniel Stern (actor)

Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American actor, artist, director, comedian, and screenwriter. He is best known for his roles as Marv Murchins in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), Phil Berquist in City Slickers (1991) and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (1994), the voice of adult Kevin Arnold on the television series The Wonder Years, and the voice of Dilbert on the animated series of the same name. Other notable films of his include Breaking Away (1979), Stardust Memories (1980), Diner (1982), Blue Thunder (1983), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The Milagro Beanfield War (1988), Coupe de Ville (1990), and Very Bad Things (1998). He made his feature-film directorial debut with Rookie of the Year (1993).

Early life
Stern was born in Bethesda, Maryland to Cynthia and Leonard Stern. His father was a social worker while his mother managed a day care center. He is Jewish. His brother is television writer David M. Stern. During his years at Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School, Stern starred in several theater productions, including playing Chuck Baxter in Promises, Promises and Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof. Stern applied for a job as a lighting engineer for a Shakespeare Festival in Washington, D.C., but was hired as a walk-on in their production of The Taming of the Shrew, starring Glenn Close. He dropped out of high school in his senior year and soon moved to New York. After taking acting lessons at HB Studio with Austin Pendleton and Herbert Berghof, Stern began his acting career in Off Broadway and Broadway productions, including True West with Gary Sinise and How I Got That Story at Second Stage Theatre with Bob Gunton. He acted in numerous productions at The Public Theater, Ensemble Studio Theater, Cherry Lane Theater, and Manhattan Theater Club.

Career
In 1979, Stern made his film debut as Cyril in Breaking Away. The following year he played a student who raised objections during Jill Clayburgh's proof of the snake lemma in the film It's My Turn. He was the novice observer Richard Lymangood in the 1983 action thriller film Blue Thunder. He had another early film role in the 1984 horror film C.H.U.D., as the soup kitchen C.H.U.D. hunter. His breakthrough role as Laurence "Shrevie" Schreiber came in Barry Levinson's Diner. He appeared in two films with Woody Allen, Stardust Memories and Hannah and Her Sisters.

Stern has played characters in a number of comedic roles, such as Phil Berquist in City Slickers and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold, and Marv the burglar in the first two Home Alone films, Home Alone and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, with Joe Pesci. However, he declined to play the character once again in the fourth installment of the franchise, believing the script to be an insult to the original motion picture. He also starred as Max in Bushwhacked. He provided the voice of the narrator on the TV series The Wonder Years, which starred Fred Savage as Kevin Arnold. As narrator, Stern played the adult Kevin Arnold, remembering his youth. Stern and Savage were also featured together in Little Monsters, in which Stern played the father of Savage's character. In the late 1990s, Stern took on a more serious role in the black comedy Very Bad Things with Christian Slater, Cameron Diaz and Jon Favreau. Stern provided the voice for the main character of the Dilbert animated TV series, based on the comic strip by Scott Adams.

Stern directed several episodes of The Wonder Years and the 1993 feature film Rookie of the Year, and in recent years directed two episodes of the TV series, Manhattan.

Stern created, wrote, and starred in the CBS television show Danny.

He wrote the off-Broadway hit Barbra's Wedding, which was produced by The Dodgers and Manhattan Theater Club. It starred John Pankow and Julie White and ran for six months. Stern also appeared in the play at Garry Marshall's Falcon Theater.

Stern was originally offered the role of Dale Gribble in King of the Hill but he was replaced by Johnny Hardwick when his salary agreement went low. He starred in Game Over, Man! (2018) as well as the Hulu original series, “Shrill”, as the main character’s (Aidy Bryant) father.

Personal life
Stern works as an artist, specializing in bronze sculpture. He has created sculptures for public art projects in San Diego, Pasadena, Palm Desert, Temple City, Monrovia, and Agoura Hills. He is an artist in residence at Studio Channel Islands Art Centre in Camarillo. He has also done many private commissions, gallery exhibitions and art fairs. He married Laure Mattos, an actress in 1980, and together they have three children: son California State Senator Henry and daughters Ella and Sophie.

title: Daniel Stern (actor)