text:
User talk:Pashute

= Old topics = Old topics - some of which I'm proud of:

Science, Research, Technology and Art

 * Symbiotic Algorithm - deleted for original research

 * Was thanked for Patent article (19 June 2006)

 * All terrain skating - deleted for product promotion, which I had not noticed at the time, although I could have written it more generally. Never found the time to make a second round and fix it.

 * Warning.SVG - re-posted my art not noticing that the first one uploaded by mistake, and which I wanted deleted, was speedily deleted.

 * My work on model engineer Jan Ridder - was deleted for notability. It was later restored to my joy, after an argument and vote (2011). But at some stage later, deleted again - when I was not following it.

 * Someone asked me about my research process on Israel Kleiner (biochemist) who's work lead to the discovery of Insulin. (Nov 2008)

 * My work on Humor was mostly revoked - probably because of the way I wrote it. There is a rich set of sources in the archive of my edit, showing differences in the perception of and usage history of humor in different nations and cultures, specifically discussing the British, US, German, Japanese and Jewish cultures. I also discussed various localities and roles in jokes, and ancient humor including biblical humor.

 * Moved my edits on amirite.com ('Am I Right?' website) to private space, then decided to delete.

 * My work on Sailing Dead Downwind Faster than the Wind was revoked by someone who thought I was claiming it was a hoax. Although in fact, I was giving the phenomenon a short and clear technical and scientific explanation. Never found the time to fix that, although the way the article is written currently is in the style of a fringe-science website.

 * Short discussions or bot remarks about my work on Gold, Counter-current exchange, Gasification, E (mathematical constant) (my version currently saved in my domain), Sergei Winogradsky, Transmission, Live looping, Mendeleev, Graph theory, Zeppelins, Wind energy, Electric motor, Aerial roots, Giant Sequoia and many more.

Scams, Bad Science and Conspiracy Theories
I generally believe that Wikipedia SHOULD have an entry for these people, organizations and ideas, and clearly mark them as fringe science explaining what is wrong with them. In the past these people, organizations and ideas were simply brushed off. IMHO, with the state of communications and belief systems they should be tackled head on. But I understand that in most cases this opinion of mine is not accepted.

This issue takes up quite some space on my original talk page, in a few sections, both about fringe science and scams, and about POV claims in history and current events.

 * My article on Wolfhart Willimczik and his bogus machines was deleted.

 * I was able to save Davison Associates from being deleted, but then had a long fight to clearly mark them and their Inventionland headquarters as being deceiving along with their record of fraudulent behavior proclaimed by the US court of law as being one of the better examples of an invention promotion scam. (2011)

 * Declined to write about or vote for a serial killer (marked for deletion)

 * I wrote against the 'Baghdad battery' showing it being fringe science. Not sure what was done with that.

 * I gave sources and wrote about the false, fraudulent and at times dangerous claims about H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) in household remedies, in toothpaste and in "alternative medicine" usage - at times even lethal usage. Most of my edits have slowly been revoked or "diluted". Many by anonymous users.

History, Politics and Judaism

 * Rabbi Moshe Aharon Leifer - deleted for notability. I decided not to contest it, although I had good proof of notability, because the Rabbi (according to his son) would not have liked to be written about on the web in any case.

 * My article on Adil Najam - previously deleted article (twice!), contested on grounds of notability and self promotion. I found much of the self promotion claims to be true, but was able to prove notability and find some reliable sources, while clarifying some of the claims about him such as the claim that he was a Nobel laureate. The discussion includes the story of my research about this man, of whom I had not heard, prior to my encounter of his name in the context of economy on the Wikipedia. (May 2008)

 * My work restored a previously deleted article on Bryan Mark Rigg researcher and writer about "half-Jews" in the Nazi Wehrmacht (army), sourcing and clarifying his history and claims.

 * I was invited to WikiProject Judaism - but declined, because I wanted to focus on science and technology.

 * I was invited as a woman to join the wikimedia group "Closing the gender gap" - but declined explaining that I am male, although I support their efforts. (And that the name Moshe has nothing to do with "She" and is the Hebrew form of Moses).

 * I discussed the Gaza flotilla raid - hoping to bring the closest to NPOV as possible from the sources. (May 2012)
 * I briefly edited Zionist and discussed the allegations about an organized group for Wikipedia editing with a Zionist (or rightist Zionist) bias and POV. At first I refuted the claim, but then discovered that it was true, and gave sources to it.

 * I wrote about Richard Falk and his involvement in the American Movement for One Government, which I doubted, but turned out to be true (after writing to the library that stores the records of this organization.

Finally I opted to steer away from these discussions, unless I can bring a NPOV point of view, or clearly show that the current situation is POV. (I am Israeli and a Zionist, but believe that the truth - which in the end is NPOV - is above all).

 * I recently wrote about the town of Halhul while researching about the battles fought by the Maccabees and war elephants (and the famous death of Eleazar the Maccabite unfortunately crushed under an elephant after attacking the wrong one), finding many interesting sources about this town, its current events and its history. I also updated much information about various Shtetles - former Jewish towns of Europe, such as Jewish Altona, Hantchin, Hanipoli and many others, reflecting my work in the Hebrew Wikipedia. I've also done research and wrote about war criminals of the Nazi regime, and about various massacres and expulsions of Jews along the ages.

Bot corrections
= New topics =
 * Jan 31, 2014 - in Timna Valley, disambiguation of Kingdom of Israel. Fixed. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 12:17, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * March 12, 2014 - in Holocaust in Bolekhiv, disambiguation of Partisans. Fixed. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) Some time, 11 Adar B 5774, 12 March 2014 (UTC)
 * March 13, 2014 - [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=599463462 my edit] to Timeline of World War II (1941) BracketBot. Fixed on that day
 * March 31, 2014 - Kosice - bracketbot errors and Mizrachi disambiguation, fixed פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 12:29, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * May 21, 2014Center for Food Safety, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Clean Air Act
 * November 13, 2014 in Erysipelas, link pointing to the disambiguation page Acute. (DPL bot). Fixed פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 20:25, 13 November 2014 (UTC)
 * April 22 - Nowhere to Run (1978 film): Disambiguations by DPL bot פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 10:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Category:WP:LETGO
Category:WP:LETGO, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. John Vandenberg (chat) 14:01, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * thank you for notifying me. I replied there and on the WP:LETITGO page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 01:09, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
 * oh well they didn't let go. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 18:16, 18 January 2014 (UTC)

Wikilinking
Hi, and thanks for your work on the English Wikipedia.

I noticed an article you worked on. Just a short note to point out that we don’t normally link:
 * dates
 * years
 * commonly known geographical terms (including well-known country-names), and
 * common terms you’d look up in a dictionary (unless significantly technical).

(This even applies for infoboxes.)

Thanks and my best wishes.

Tony  (talk)  07:36, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Dates and years are linked, if its an historical event, for two reasons:
 * a. For context, what else happened on that date and year.
 * b. For listing of important events by year and date. Published books for example. And of course, historical events.

 * Countries and ethnicities are definitely linked, tell me that everyone knows who exactly the Ruthanians are (or were, according to the article, today the term is not used much)...

 * Locations with an important history, towns in places not common, and even places like New York and London occasionally get linked, as in Global City as opposed to City which originally included the 'Global City' section, so when discussing New York City and London, only Sao Paulo and Istanbul are linked.

 * Terms that are important and relevant to the topic discussed, should be linked to as well. If for example I mention a 'death-camp', whose actual definition is contested by holocaust deniers, it is almost a requirement to give a link.

 * But thank you for checking it out.
 * פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:18, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I now saw you actually edited the page (while I was working on it, should have put: under construction, sorry) and someone else also took the time to remove all date links (or perhaps a bot did it). Lets discuss please on the talk page there. I've been here for a few years, and never had this come up. To the contrary... פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 08:02, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Cannabis
I saw that you added (back at the end of 2010) a comment in the Etymology section saying that cannabis is מעלה עשן. I know there are those who have equated it with קנה בושם, but that's about all. So I've modified the entry. - Lisa (talk - contribs) 03:51, 12 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Please see what I wrote on the talk page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 11:11, 12 May 2014 (UTC)

September 2014
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 * 10, 2013. In this video President Ahmadenigad is seen calling 'Maba Amrika' - death to America at the rally, immediately after Rouhani was voted in, to commemorate the US embassy attack during
 * president Ahmad Khatemi] in a speech titled 'Saving the pillars of the Universe, Death to America October 2013 (YouTube). In this speech Khatemi calls the US 'The great Satan' and says that the

Adam Blitz
Dear Sir, you have misunderstood my position on Jobar. There is conclusive evidence to indicate that the synagogue was comprehensively destroyed in late Spring 2014 and not before. Many believed wrongly that the synagogue had been totally destroyed in 2013 and, with reference to an auction from December of that year, relied on such sensationalism. The alleged artefact from Jobar, from the early 20th Century, did yield a much inflated price. But this was before the aerial bombardment which was to follow in April/May of 2014. (Adam forgot to sign. Pashute here, signing it for him according to the "History" records, and moved the discussion into a section as is expected on talk pages. User:Adam Blitz User talk:Adam Blitz September 22, 2014 02:18)

 * Hello Adam, this is Moshe. Thank you for discussing this. I am honored to have been contacted by a distinguished researcher and author as you. I'm writing now from memory (don't have the time to go into it now). What I wrote is an understanding different from yours but which had emerged from the images and video, and included your understanding as a basis. I think I understood you perfectly well, and if I remember correctly it was Haaretz that wrote that it is possible that when you spread the word that the attacks had not demolished the shul, it was actually based on videos from one week before. According to that, the shul was demolished on shvii shel pesach already then, and the images emerged just on Yom Yerushalaim in order to extract money from the sale of artifacts (that extra part - from your hypothesis at the time).

 * I moved the discussion to the end of this talk page, and notified you about it on your page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 13:28, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * And by the way, there have been questions raised about whether it was demolished in shelling (which would make Assad the attacker) or locally demolished by "rebels" (who I have from the onset understood to actually be Jihadists). What is the conclusive evidence that it was demolished in 2014, and from aerial bombardments? If needed, you can contact me directly through gmail (with this username). פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 13:50, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Dear Sir, the events surrounding Jobar are highly complex. The dating of the destruction is largely dependent upon posts from SY on Twitter. There is no connection with Yom Yerushalaim, as you write. The Sotheby's sale was in any event in Dec of the previous year. I have not seen any artefacts from Jobar on sale (to the public) otherwise. I am not very familiar with the editing on Wikipedia (though I may request your help and advice if I may). I'm also happy to correspond more extensively at my email address adam.blitzATcolumnist.com on the topic (when you will receive much more prompt responses). Thanks and regards AB
 * Adam Blitz (talk) 16:43, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * OK, I'll discuss with you directly, and I promise the wp community to follow up on the Jobar shul talkpage.
 * I'm not sure I edited the English page in accordance with the Hebrew one, but I found out a lot of material about the shul in old books (on Hebrewbooks.org), in blogs, and in actual inscriptions inside and around the shul seen in images and videos. It is an honor to be discussing this with you. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 21:54, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Exactly one year later (Jerusalem day was this past Sunday) and still no better knowledge of what really happened there. Some day, after the rubble in the area recedes we'll be able to find out. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 00:53, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

Edit warring
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war  according to the reverts you have made on Diabetes mellitus. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement. Please be particularly aware that Wikipedia's policy on edit warring states: If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes; work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing. Jytdog (talk) 23:33, 20 May 2015 (UTC)
 * 1) Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made.
 * 2) Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

We at Wikipedia love evidence-based medicine. Please cite high-quality reliable sources. We typically use review articles, major textbooks and position statements of national or international organizations. A list of resources to help edit such articles can be found here. The edit box has a build in citation tool to easily format references based on the PMID or ISBN. WP:MEDHOW walks through editing step by step. We also provide style advice about the structure and content of medicine-related encyclopedia articles. The welcome page is another good place to learn about editing the encyclopedia. If you have any questions, please feel free to drop me a note here or at the article talk page. Jytdog (talk) 23:39, 20 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I will definitely "drop you a note". Please see it on your talk page.
 * Once we are done discussing on the article's talk page, (something you should have done before erasing my work) I will ask you to remove this section from my talk page. Thank you פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 00:53, 21 May 2015 (UTC)
 * thanks for dropping the note and sorry for missing your discussion on the article Talk page. I replied there. Jytdog (talk) 01:20, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

October 2015
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 * a central theme have been produced and released in 1918 (starring Bryant Washburn) and in 1923 starring Richard Barthelmess. In 'The Hangover', an American produced comedy, four friends try

Disambiguation link notification for October 27
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Blackjack, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Savant....Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 11:32, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * ... rest of Message edited out. Problem resolved. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:43, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election...(talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)
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What's the "stone circle" all about?
Hi, still around? On 20 April 2007 you added into the Beit Shemesh article that "Also found nearby is a prehistoric Megalith circle, probably the source of the name Bet-Shemesh", but didn't offer any source for that. It's unlikely that the name has anything to do with prehistoric standing stones, and there is no easy-to-find online reference on any megaliths there. Now this casual line has become a paragraph standing by itself in the article, and needs clarification, or I will have to delete it. Please help out. Thanks. ArmindenArminden (talk) 07:30, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I will reply on the page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 19:48, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
 * ... rest of Message edited out. Problem resolved. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:43, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

ArbCom Elections 2016: Voting now open!
Hello, Pashute. Voting in the 2016 Arbitration Committee elections ... MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:08, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

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Disambiguation link notification for March 23
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Self-hating Jew, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Paul...Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 10:03, 23 March 2017 (UTC)
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March 2017
Please stop attacking other editors, as you did on Talk:Self-hating Jew. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 22:55, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I answered on the talk page. I have not attacked you.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 23:16, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
 * The issue has been resolved there. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:43, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

Talk:Israel and the apartheid analogy
Please refrain from using talk pages such as Talk:Israel and the apartheid analogy for general discussion of the topic or other unrelated topics. They are for discussion related to improving the article; not for use as a forum or chat room. If you have specific questions about certain topics, consider visiting our reference desk and asking them there instead of on article talk pages. See here for more information. Thank you. — MShabazz Talk/Stalk 15:44, 4 June 2017 (UTC)
 * This is the second time you are coming to my personal page. The first time you said I was "attacking you". Please refrain from teaching me conduct and from bulk removing my edits. Please discuss your reservations about my edits on the topic's talk pages. Thank you. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:28, 4 June 2017 (UTC)
 * First, no. You are using the article's talk page inappropriately, and I will not indulge you by discussing the matter with you on the article's talk page.
 * Second, please read WP:UP. This is not your "personal page". — MShabazz Talk/Stalk 02:02, 5 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I do not find it amusing that you use the word "stalk" in your signature. I am not using the article's talk page inappropriately. Meant my "talk" page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:50, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

Re: Your remark on the holocaust and my understanding of it
Thank you for taking the time to open up this avenue of discussion. I grant that I am a bit hard to understand sometimes, I have a very wordy style on Wikipedia. On the one hand, it does help me get my point across more clearly, but on the other, as has happened here, it can be a little confusing.

No, I don't recall being notified on my talk page. My talk page's edit history does not reflect it. If you were using an automated process, e.g. WP:Twinkle, it may have failed to do so even though it is programmed to notify the affected user immediately. If you were doing it by hand, no worries anyway; I don't particularly care about this detail. In future, though, I do recommend you doublecheck to make sure any notices that should be sent automatically do get posted - whether it's further reports to ANI or simply notifying a page creator about a pending deletion discussion. In the latter case, it's not strictly necessary, and in fact it might be seen as bothersome to some users, but it's a courtesy I always follow.

I'll start with the part you initially took issue with - the idea of the "target". This is a common term at RFD and it only means whichever page you end up at when you type in a redirect. Sometimes a redirect is judged to be pointing to the wrong place, so is often proposed and deemed appropriate (though I do not believe RFD discussion is necessary in all retargeting cases, only deletions, though not all retargetings are uncontroversial enough for us to simply change them right away). As I said, I could have specified "the subject of the target article", that is, Holocaust denial itself, though it seems most others took this as a given. Of course, I could have just written "Holocaust denial" instead, so it would read, "out of (understandable) contempt for Holocaust denial."

Now, the POV thing. The truth is, Wikipedia must be totally free of bias - even the right kind. Yes, you and I can agree that the Holocaust happened, that it killed six million Jews (and millions of members of other ethnicities, to boot), that words alone cannot capture how truly tragic or evil such an event was, and that denying it is not only dumb but disrespectful.

In spite of how obvious all the foregoing is, to you me or anyone else, Wikipedia cannot say so. This is one of those irritating gray areas about Wikipedia: It can't really take a stand on what is right or wrong. It can say that an atrocity such as the Holocaust is seen as such, but it cannot actually it that. If it could, that opens the floodgates to many other things, most of them unwanted - value judgments about how "right" or "wrong" certain other, more ambiguous and possibly more trivial things are.

The community at large has therefore adopted the stance that it's better to let the facts speak for themselves and let the criminals hang themselves with their own rope. It's perfectly valid to offer a rebuttal to a claim made by a Holocaust denier, but that's as far as we can go.

We therefore cannot allow emotionally charged terms like "deliberately" in redirects that aren't based on the official name of something, e.g. the title of a book or a movie. It would be one thing if, say, someone wrote a book or made a documentary titled Proof the Nazis deliberately killed six million Jews or some slight variation thereof - perhaps someone should create such a work ;)

I think there were two other things I overlooked that I could have added to my deletion rationale, just for the record. First, the phrase itself is clunky and not a likely search term; when making a redirect, one should always ask oneself if it is a term anyone else is likely to make use of. We get rid of the ones that are too specific to be of help; generally speaking, the longer the redirect name is, the more specific it is. Redirects mainly exist to compensate for typos or common alternative names for things. In this case, Denial of the Holocaust might be a valid redirect to the same target of "Holocaust denial" despite being a bit longer.

Secondly, the article may proof that debunks Holocaust denial, but it isn't strictly  such proof. It's about the movement that denies such proof, discussing the movement's core ideas and its history. Therefore, the redirect misleads a user as to what the article is actually about. (If you wanted to get technical, there is indeed an article that comes much closer to fitting: Criticism of Holocaust denial.)

Lastly, it's my view that the mere existence of such a thing as Holocaust denial is shameful. It's such a pity it deserves an article on Wikipedia, but there it is. It absolutely warrants coverage here. That's how pathetic humanity can be - fringe idiocy gets mainstream press. I believe the need for such an article, which I believe is valid nonetheless, was what I was originally referring to when I said "contempt for the target". Nowadays, I would say "contempt for the subject of the target article", but back then I might have meant, "contempt for the fact that we even need such an article, which we absolutely do."

I certainly hope this clarifies things. It has definitely helped me grow as a writer, and as a writer, I need to expect to hear a critique sooner or later - as I said before, I never could have imagined it would be about something like this, but it is what it is. I'm not upset about it anymore. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 04:50, 10 June 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, all's well that ends well.
 * I will just add that being deliberate or not is a question of fact and not of morality. Actions can be proven to be deliberate by showing preliminary threats by the perpetrators, evidence of plans to do that action, orders given, and the setting up of operations and mechanisms for doing that action. Last but not least, is the admittance by some of the perpetrators. The claim that most of the Jews were not killed deliberately (and only for being Jewish) by the Nazi forces and their Ukrainian, Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Austrian, Dutch and French collaborators is part of Holocaust Denial. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 22:54, 10 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I didn't think about that. That is true. But I think the term has a bit of emotional baggage to it, and that was my angle when I said it was too POV - it's used with a bit of anger, which as I said I agree with. "Intentionally" is probably how Wikipedia would prefer to do it, that's the least biased equivalent term I can think of. Or perhaps that's just me being too PC. Regardless, we shouldn't forget that the Nazis targeted millions of others as well, so while the Jews were the people group who suffered most by far, they weren't the only victims. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 05:56, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

 * No. It's not the suffering. It's the premeditated murder. The Jews were singled out. Please let's discuss on your page.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 08:39, 11 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry you felt I was still arguing with you. I thought I was discussing a fine point, which you probably would agree with if you heard me out.
 * Of course many suffered during WWII. But what makes the Holocaust unique in the killings of WWII (while sadly non-unique in current events or world history) is the premeditated ideological clockwork and execution REGARDLESS of the war, and it's vast implementation over so many countries. It is closer to the murder of the Falang Gung today, the murders in Stalin's Gulags, and the Khmer Rouge massacres. But it was very different from the revenge/heat-of-war/war-ending killings like the Balkan attrocities in the 90's, the Armenian massacre, the Katyn massacre by the Russians, the firebombing of Drezden and Japanese cities, and atom bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki, the Nanking and Filipino massacres by the Japanese, and their last minute intentions and lack of concept of surrender while staying alive.
 * You are obviously correct that all these horrendous acts by humans are awful and neither can be compared to the other.
 * But when it comes to Holocaust denial, with claims that it was not deliberately premeditated by ideology, but rather a consequence of war necessity, and maybe here and there some local attrocities, (one of the main claims of Holocaust denials) it proves that the horrific murderous ideology still prevails to this day. I actually think that is what you were saying in your original post, which I misunderstood. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 22:14, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for December 24
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Miss Lucy had a baby, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Dark Lady ... Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 10:20, 24 December 2017 (UTC)

 * a. I'm leaving this message here because...
 * b. The disambiguation page was deliberately chosen by me when I wrote the page, and
 * c. The text, it seems, has changed drastically, so it's not my edit at all. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:06, 25 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Edited the previous messageפשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 06:22, 3 December 2018 (UTC)
 * ... rest of Message edited out. Problem resolved. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:43, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

Talk:Leck mich im Arsch
I pinged you on the talk page in the first section in reply an old comment by you. Double sharp (talk) 13:47, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * For readers of my section. I was reading about Mozart and originally thought that page was part of a very old hoax. I then found the probable culprit.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 06:25, 3 December 2018 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for April 23
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Simon Ostrovsky, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Israeli ([//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dablinks.py/Simon_Ostrovsky check to confirm] | [//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py/Simon_Ostrovsky?client=notify fix with Dab solver]).

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 10:21, 23 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Thank you bot.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 07:16, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

ArbCom 2018 election voter message
Hello, Pashute. Voting in the 2018 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23.59 on Sunday, 3 December...MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 18:42, 19 November 2018 (UTC)

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Disambiguation link notification for August 11
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 * James (given name) added a link pointing to [[Jim
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It's OK to remove this message, Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 06:00, 11 August 2021 (UTC)
 * The links were a mistake. I corrected them. What happened to the dablinks button? פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:45, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for August 30
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Vendyl Jones, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Desert News --DPL bot (talk) 06:00, 30 August 2021 (UTC)
 * User:Niceguyedc fixed it. Thanks! פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 08:40, 31 August 2021 (UTC)

Yadin & Phoenician letter forms
On March 30, 2011, you mentioned Yigael Yadin's derivation of Phoenician letter forms from weapons. But what are "mammoth tuffs"? Gigantic volcanic rocks? Or a typo? You should have included a page number in the bibliographical reference, so that others could check it.
 * 1. Corrected. 2. On Wednesday I'll have the book and give the pages.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 22:51, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Got the book from the Hebrew U library. Couldn't find it in the first edition. Checking with experts (and searching for my copy of the second edition in my home). There was a whole section about ladders, and about the Z shape of a war tool. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 12:52, 31 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Still going through my library for it... I'll find it eventually.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 17:33, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Still looking. I'll try to go to the national library this or next week.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:56, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

From Talk:Vacuous truth
I had posted on the talk page titled: '''Where are my edits. They are not even in the history'''

What is going on? I've been on wikipedia with good faith for some 20 years, and this never happened. I wrote what I though should be an intuitive and clearer description of Vacuous truth, and it has been erased, with no trace. No mention on my talk page. No mention here? What is going on? פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:59, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

I also answered the false-truth page-request above, and pointed out that the Israeli court allowed a fallacy to be broadcast on TV even though the court agreed it was a fallacy, as long as the show was saying what was known to them as the truth, without the intention of lying. So, in some settings, truth can also be somewhere along a continuum and not as implied in the Greek philosophy's term of Logical Truth only true or false. I suppose someone read that wrong and thought I was bringing up something controversial or political. (I was not).פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 17:07, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Reading user:MagneticInk about hostility on this talk page, I hope I didn't put myself in the line of fire. I had no idea about the previous arguments here and was just trying to use Wikipedia to understand what started off for me as an extremely convoluted philosophical paper by Eugene Mills. Once I spelled out what I understood by reading all the technical terms of logic, that sentence became clear to me, and I thought it would be of use to bring down my explanation and discuss it, before putting it up on the page itself. That of course cannot happen if what I wrote has been deleted without a trace! פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 17:17, 13 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Please do not interject Israel-Palestine politics into a non-political page. It is completely inappropriate. See the following notice. As for your edits: they are in the history, . Perhaps you were looking at the article history rather than the talk page history. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:38, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

Doug Weller talk 18:00, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

I am sorry about the post which I figured was accepted common knowledge, and then realized how contraversial it is in almost every aspect.פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 23:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

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Deleted: Zwicky - Jewish. February 2024
Hello, I'm Tim Pierce. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Arnold Zwicky have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use your sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Specifically, the source you provided for Zwicky being born "to a Jewish family" and identifying as Jewish comes from a blog post he wrote in which he describes himself as "so to speak, Jewish-adjacent", not as Jewish. —Tim Pierce (talk) 21:25, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi Tim (the guitarist? respect!), Let's discuss this on Prof. Zwiki's talk page. IMHO The source proves that he is Jewish, that he identifies himself as so, and that the sides of the American-Jewish culture which comes with shades of the Jewish faith are detrimental to his identity. There are many other perhaps better sources for this. But I thought this shows best what he feels. I'll explain all this there. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 19:51, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

 * OK!! NO NEED!!! Prof. Zwicky himself responded to this and refuted most of what I had written. (AI picked up on my WP edit quickly b4 it was deleted, and brought it to his attention.).  Sorry Prof. Zwicky! Thank you Tim!  I'll write about it in the talk page. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 20:47, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * OK. AI did not bring anything to anybody's attention.
 * Prof. Zwicky was looking himself up on the WP page. He saw the claims and checked the versions. In the list he saw some recent additions after my edit, from some WP bot (written and run by somebody on WP, probably correcting some minor grammar mistake, or detecting some link that wasn't to the WP standards). He then assumed the miscomprehension was the usual AI crap that is thrown at us by AI bots every once in a while. פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 22:18, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pashute


text:
List of cities and towns in Papua New Guinea

This is a list of cities, towns, and villages in Papua New Guinea.

List
Papua New Guinea's three cities are Lae, Mount Hagen, and Port Moresby. The other settlements in the following list are towns and villages.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
List of cities in Mozambique

This is a list of cities and towns in Mozambique:

 * Angoche
 * Beira
 * Catandica
 * Chibuto
 * Chicualacuala
 * Chimoio
 * Chinde
 * Chokwé
 * Cuamba
 * Dondo
 * Gurúè
 * Inhambane
 * Lichinga
 * Manica
 * Maputo (Capital)
 * Marracuene
 * Matola
 * Maxixe
 * Moatize
 * Moçambique
 * Mocímboa da Praia
 * Mocuba
 * Montepuez
 * Mueda
 * Naamcha
 * Nacala
 * Nampula
 * Palma
 * Pemba
 * Ponta d'Ouro
 * Quelimane
 * Tete
 * Vilankulo
 * Xai-Xai
 * Zavala

title: List of cities in Mozambique


text:
IX Corps (United Kingdom)

IX Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that existed during the First and the Second World Wars.

First World War
The IX Corps was formed in England in 1915 in readiness to make a new landing at Suvla during the Battle of Gallipoli. Headquarters was formed at the Tower of London. Command of the corps was given to Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Stopford. His handling of the corps during the August offensive, the Battle of Sari Bair warranted his replacement after only nine days with Lieutenant-General Julian Byng.

During the Gallipoli campaign the corps comprised the following divisions:
 * 10th (Irish) Division
 * 11th (Northern) Division
 * 13th (Western) Division
 * 53rd (Welsh) Division
 * 54th (East Anglian) Division
 * 2nd Mounted Division
 * IX Corps Signals was provided by London District Signals, Royal Engineers

Following the British evacuation of Gallipoli, the corps was moved to France in 1916, where it was commanded by Alexander Hamilton-Gordon until he was relieved in 1918.

In April 1918 the corps was allotted those divisions which had suffered severe casualties in the fighting during the Operation Michael the First Battle of the Somme (1918) and the Battle of the Lys,
 * 8th Division
 * 19th (Western) Division
 * 21st Division
 * 25th Division
 * 50th (Northumbrian) Division

These divisions were moved south to a quiet sector to reform. This sector was the unlucky target of the next German offensive, the Third Battle of the Aisne in May–June 1918, causing further losses to IX Corps. General Denis Duchêne, commander of the French Sixth Army, had deployed IX Corps (five divisions) too far forward, on the Chemin des Dames ridge, which had been gained at such cost in the Second Battle of the Aisne the previous year. (The French Commander-in-Chief Philippe Pétain and the Army Group Commander Franchet d’Esperey would have preferred the ridge to be lightly held and the main defence to be a battle zone between it and the River Aisne).

In September 1918 the following divisions joined the corps: At the time of the Armistice the IX Corps was part of the Fourth Army.
 * 6th Infantry Division

Second World War
Disbanded in 1919 after the First World War, IX Corps was reformed during the Second World War in Britain in April 1941, under the command of Lieutenant-General Ridley Pakenham-Walsh. The 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division and the Durham and North Riding County Division transferred to IX Corps from X Corps on 9 April 1941, which suggests this is the date the IX Corps became effective. The Northumberland County Division joined IX Corps the following day.

The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was transferred to the corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Edwin Morris, on 21 November 1941. On 30 November, both of the county divisions were disbanded, and on 1 December 1941, the corps was renamed IX Corps District. The 15th Division left the IX Corps District on 28 September 1942, to transfer to Northumbrian District, suggesting the corps temporarily ceased to be operational on this date.

IX Corps, now commanded by Lieutenant-General John Crocker, was sent to take part in the Tunisian Campaign in the British First Army (Lieutenant-General Kenneth Anderson). The IX Corps headquarters, with Brigadier Gordon MacMillan as its chief of staff, landed in and opened as the reserve for the Allied 18th Army Group on 24 March 1943. The 6th Armoured Division transferred to the corps from V Corps on 12 March 1943. The corps also took command of the US 34th Infantry Division and the 128th Infantry Brigade Group, part of the 46th Infantry Division and commenced an attack on Pinchon-Fondouk on the southern flank of the First Army.

For the final offensive in North Africa several veteran formations from the Eighth Army (General Sir Bernard Montgomery) arrived to reinforce the IX Corps, which was to play a leading role in the final offensive. The British 7th Armoured Division, from the Eighth Army, joined IX Corps on 30 April. The 4th Indian Infantry Division, also from the Eighth Army, joined on 30 April, followed by the 201st Guards Brigade, with the 4th Infantry Division joining on 3 May. This gave IX Corps, now commanded by Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks (replacing Crocker who had been injured by a PIAT in a training incident), two armoured divisions and two infantry divisions. The final assault commenced on 5 May with the two infantry divisions forcing the Medjez-el-Bab gap, through which the two armoured divisions passed through to bring about the eventual surrender of the Axis forces on 13 May 1943.

With the surrender of almost 250,000 Axis soldiers in North Africa, the 7th Armoured Division transferred to V Corps on 18 May 1943, the 4th Infantry Division following it four days later, and the 6th Armoured Division (with the attached 201st Guards Brigade) on 26 May. IX Corps, with no commander after Horrocks returned to X Corps and as Crocker was still injured, was disbanded on 31 May 1943.

General Officers Commanding
First World War commanders included:
 * Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Stopford (17 June 1915–16 August 1915)
 * Major-General Beauvoir De Lisle (temporary) (16–24 August 1915)
 * Lieutenant-General Sir Julian Byng (24 August 1915 – 8 February 1916)
 * Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Davies (8 February – 20 June 1916)
 * Lieutenant-General Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (20 June 1916 – 16 July 1918)
 * Major-General Sir Robert Whigham (temporary) (16 July – 22 July 1918)
 * Major-General Harold Higginson (temporary) (22 July – 30 July 1918)
 * Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (30 July – 10 September 1918)
 * Major-General Peter Strickland (temporary) (10 September – 13 September 1918)
 * Lieutenant-General Walter Braithwaite (from 13 September 1918)

Second World War commanders included:
 * Lieutenant-General Ridley Pakenham-Walsh (7 June 1941 – 17 November 1941)
 * Lieutenant-General Edwin Morris (18 November 1941 – 31 January 1942)
 * Lieutenant-General Francis Nosworthy (1 February 1942–11 September 1942)
 * Lieutenant-General John Crocker (12 September 1942 – 29 April 1943)
 * Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks (29 April 1943–3 June 1943)

Online sources

 * Army Commands at Colin Mackie's website
 * British Military History
 * First World War Biographies
 * Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
 * The Long, Long Trail
 * Royal Munster Fusiliers website

title: IX Corps (United Kingdom)


text:
Jarosite

Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct during the purification and refining of zinc and is also commonly associated with acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soil environments.

Physical properties
Jarosite has a trigonal crystal structure and is brittle, with basal cleavage, a hardness of 2.5–3.5, and a specific gravity of 3.15–3.26. It is translucent to opaque with a vitreous to dull luster, and is colored dark yellow to yellowish-brown. It can sometimes be confused with limonite or goethite with which it commonly occurs in the gossan (oxidized cap over an ore body). Jarosite is an iron analogue of the potassium aluminium sulfate, alunite.

Solid solution series
The alunite supergroup includes the alunite, jarosite, beudantite, crandallite and florencite subgroups. The alunite supergroup minerals are isostructural with each other and substitution between them occurs, resulting in several solid solution series. The alunite supergroup has the general formula AB3(TO4)2(OH)6. In the alunite subgroup B is Al, and in the jarosite subgroup B is Fe3+. The beudantite subgroup has the general formula AB3(XO4)(SO4)(OH)6, the crandallite subgroup AB3(TO4)2(OH)5•H2O and the florencite subgroup AB3(TO4)2(OH)5 or 6.

In the jarosite-alunite series Al may substitute for Fe and a complete solid solution series between jarosite and alunite, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, probably exists, but intermediate members are rare. The material from Kopec, Czech Republic, has about equal Fe and Al, but the amount of Al in jarosite is usually small.

When jarosite forms from pyrite oxidation in sedimentary clays, the main sources of K+ are illite, a non-swelling clay, or K-feldspar. In other geological settings mica's alteration can also be a source of potassium.

In the jarosite-natrojarosite series Na substitutes for K to at least Na/K = 1:2.4 but the pure sodium end member NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 is not known in nature. Minerals with Na > K are known as natrojarosite. End member formation (jarosite and natrojarosite) is favoured by a low temperature environment, less than 100 °C, and is illustrated by the oscillatory zoning of jarosite and natrojarosite found in samples from the Apex Mine, Arizona, and Gold Hill, Utah. This indicates that there is a wide miscibility gap between the two end members, and it is doubtful whether a complete series exists between jarosite and natrojarosite.

In hydroniumjarosite the hydronium ion H3O+ can also substitute for K+, with increased hydronium ion content causing a marked decrease in the lattice parameter c, although there is little change in a. Hydroniumjarosite will only form from alkali-deficient solutions, as alkali-rich jarosite forms preferentially.

Divalent cations may also substitute for the monovalent cation K+ in the A site. Charge balance may be achieved in three ways.
 * Firstly by replacing two monovalent cations by one divalent cation, and leaving an A site vacancy, as in plumbogummite, Pb2+Al3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O, which is a member of the crandallite subgroup.
 * Secondly by incorporating divalent ions in the B sites, as in osarizawaite, Pb2+Cu2+Al2(SO4)2(OH)6, alunite subgroup, and beaverite, Pb2+Cu2+(Fe3+,Al)2(SO4)2(OH)6, jarosite subgroup.
 * Thirdly by replacing divalent anions with trivalent anions, as in beudantite, PbFe3+3(AsO4)3−(SO4)(OH)6, beudantite subgroup.

History
Jarosite was first described in 1852 by August Breithaupt in the Barranco del Jaroso in the Sierra Almagrera (near Los Lobos, Cuevas del Almanzora, Almería, Spain). The name jarosite is directly derived from "jara", the Spanish name of a yellow flower that belongs to the genus Cistus and grows in the sierra. The mineral and the flower have the same color.

Mysterious spheres of clay, 1.5 to 5 in in diameter and covered with jarosite, have been found beneath the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, an ancient six-level stepped pyramid 30 mi from Mexico City.

Mars exploration
Ferric sulfate and jarosite have been detected by three martian rovers: Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity. These substances are indicative of strongly oxidizing conditions prevailing at the surface of Mars. In May 2009, the Spirit rover became stuck when it drove over a patch of soft ferric sulfate that had been hidden under a veneer of normal-looking soil. Because iron sulfate has very little cohesion, the rover's wheels could not gain sufficient traction to pull the body of the rover out of the iron sulfate patch. Multiple techniques were attempted to extricate the rover, but the wheels eventually sank so deeply into the iron sulfate that the body of the rover came to rest on the Martian surface, preventing the wheels from exerting any force on the material below them. As the JPL team failed to recover the mobility of Spirit, it signified the end of the journey for the rover.

Antarctica deep borehole
On Earth, jarosite is mainly associated with the ultimate stage of pyrite oxidation in clay environment, and can also be found in mine tailings waste where acidic conditions prevail. Against all expectations, jarosite has also been fortuitously discovered in minute quantities in the form of small dust particles in ice cores recovered from a deep borehole in Antarctica. That surprising discovery was made by geologists who were searching for specific minerals capable of indicating ice age cycles within the layers of a 1620-meter-long ice core. Geologists speculate that jarosite dust could also have accumulated within ice in glaciers on Mars. However, that hypothesis is a matter of controversy because, on Mars, jarosite deposits can be very thick (up to 10 meters). However, Mars is also a very dusty planet and, in the absence of plate tectonics on Mars, glacial dust deposits might have accumulated over long periods of time.

Use in materials science
Jarosite is also a more generic term denoting an extensive family of compounds of the form AM3(OH)6(SO4)2, where A+ = Na, K, Rb, NH4, H3O, Ag, Tl and M3+ = Fe, Cr, V. In condensed matter physics and materials science they are renowned for containing layers with kagome lattice structure, relating to geometrically frustrated magnets.

title: Jarosite


text:
Martin Chávez

Martin Joseph "Marty" Chávez (born March 2, 1952) is an American politician, businessman, and attorney who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate from 1987 to 1993 and as the 26th and 28th mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico. He served as the Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. and Chairman of the Advisory Board for the Center for Green Schools at U.S. Green Building Council. In 2012, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the Congressional seat being vacated by Martin Heinrich, who retired from the House to run for Senate.

He was a senior advisor to Ready for Hillary, an unaffiliated Super PAC supporting of a Hillary Clinton presidential candidacy prior to her announcement. He was a member of the national finance committee of the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign.

Early life and education
He was born in 1952 in Albuquerque, New Mexico to a family of Hispanic heritage. Chávez attended both Catholic and public secondary schools. After graduating from Manzano High School, Chávez earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in university studies from the University of New Mexico and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center.

Career
He was the founding director of the New Mexico Workers' Compensation Administration in 1986.

New Mexico Senate
From 1987 to 1993 he served in the New Mexico Senate, where he helped pass the New Mexico Workers Compensation Act and to implement the Voter Registration Reform Act, known as "motor voter."

1993 election
He pulled a major upset by defeating former Governor David Cargo in the 1993 election for Mayor of Albuquerque 50.4%-49.6%, a difference of just 596 votes.

1998 gubernatorial election
In 1997, Chávez opted not to run for re-election as mayor and instead ran for Governor of New Mexico in 1998. He won the six-candidate Democratic primary with 48% of the vote and won most of the counties in the state. He defeated very experienced candidates like State Representative Gary King, former Governor Jerry Apodaca, and State Auditor Robert Vigil. In the general election he was defeated by incumbent Republican governor Gary Johnson 55%-45%.

2001 election
In 2001, Chávez again ran for Mayor of Albuquerque and finished first in a seven-candidate race.

2005 re-election bid
In 2005, he was the first mayor to be re-elected for two consecutive terms since the creation of the strong mayoral form of government in 1974

Tenure
As Mayor, Chávez partnered with the University of New Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories and leading entrepreneurs and educators to establish the Albuquerque Institute of Math and Science (AIMS), a charter high school dedicated to academic excellence. In 2009, the AIMS graduated its first senior class of 26 students. For the first time in New Mexico's history, an entire graduating class had enrolled in college. AIMS is now the #1 public high school in the State of New Mexico for math, science and reading. http://www.aims-unm.org/academics/index.cfm

Recognitions
During his tenure as Mayor, Chávez and the City of Albuquerque received the following recognitions:
 * Top Ten Places to Live In the US, U.S. News & World Report (2009);
 * "Cool" Mayor Award, Mayors for Climate Protection –cited as "The Visionary" for sustainable water vision, urban forestry program and climate change initiatives, ICLEI (2009);
 * EPA Climate Protection Award, 1st Place, US Environmental Protection Agency (2008);
 * U.S. Chamber of Commerce and Siemens Sustainable Community Award (2008);
 * Fittest City in America, Men's Fitness Magazine (2008);
 * Renewable Energy Innovator of the Year Award, Association of Energy Engineers (2008);
 * Best Cities for Jobs or a Career, Forbes Magazine (2007);
 * Climate Protection Award, 1st Place, United States Conference of Mayors (2007);
 * Most Pet Friendly City, 3rd Place, Forbes Magazine (2007);
 * World Leadership Award for Water Utilities Conservation, World Leadership Forum, London, (2006)
 * Number-one Place to do Business, Forbes Magazine (2006);
 * Mayor of Trees Award, National Alliance for Community Trees (2004);
 * William F. Dixon Award for Open Government, the Foundation for Open Government (2004);

2008 U.S. Senate election
On October 8, 2007, Chávez announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat that was being vacated by retiring Republican Senator Pete Domenici. Democratic leaders, including Senator Charles Schumer, Chairman of Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, recruited Tom Udall into the race.

Chávez indicated that he intended to remain in the race, referring to Udall as Washington's "fair-haired boy". However, Chavez withdrew from the race on December 7 saying, "While I deeply appreciate all the support I have received, it has become very clear to me that Democrats should not be divided in the upcoming election. "

2009 re-election bid
In 2009, Chávez succeeded in overturning a two-consecutive mayoral term limit, which he had gotten passed into law, and announced he would seek a third consecutive, and fourth overall, term as mayor. He ran against Republican State Representative Richard J. Berry and Democratic State Senator Richard Romero in a hotly contested race. Romero split the Democratic vote, and Richard J. Berry defeated Chavez 44% to 35% while Romero finished a distant third with 21%.

ICLEI
In March 2010, Chávez, was appointed Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. Chávez had served on ICLEI USA's Board of Directors and was recognized nationally as a "green mayor" during his tenure in Albuquerque. Chavez leads a staff of 52 ICLEI USA employees, based in six regional offices: Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Oakland, and Seattle. In addition to these responsibilities Chávez also speaks at many conferences including George Mason University's Washington Youth Summit on the Environment in 2011.

Memberships
Chavez serves on the Board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF). Chávez is a member of the National Building Museum's Intelligent Cities Advisory Committee and member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Vibrant Cities and Urban Forests Task Force. In March 2011, Chávez joined polar explorer and environmentalist Robert Swan, on an expedition to explore the effects of climate change in the Antarctica. Chávez visited the remnants of the Larsen Ice Shelf known as "Larsen B"; once an ice shelf larger than the state of Rhode Island, which disintegrated over a three-week period in 2002 as a result of climate change. Chavez serves a Member of the Board of Directors of American Rivers.http://www.americanrivers.org/about/governance/

2012 congressional election
Chávez sought the Democratic nomination to succeed Martin Heinrich in the U.S. House, but lost to Bernalillo County Commissioner Michelle Lujan Grisham.

Current Memberships
Martin Chavez was named to a two-year term on the board of directors of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) in May 2013. He also on the board of directors of American Rivers. He is a former senior adviser to the Hispanic Technology and Telecommunications Partnership (HTTP), He is currently a senior adviser to Smart City Media, an Internet of Things company that merges interactive smart signs with mobile applications to deliver location-based media in real time, and to P3GM, a Smart Cities technology startup focusing on public-private partnerships in the smart cities arena. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Center for National Policy/Truman Security Project.

title: Martin Chávez


text:
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Fair use for Dungeon Master's Guide
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text:
File:FiendFolioCover.jpg

Cover of D & D Fiend Folio, covered under "fair use," original from "The Acaeum" (http://www.acaeum.com/), used with permission

Fair use for Githyanki
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 * 6) the image cannot be used to replace the original market role of the publication in question.
 * Copyright in artwork likely to be held by Wizards of the Coast(now Hasbro), its subsidiaries, or the individual graphic artists responsible.

Original uploader information
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title: File:FiendFolioCover.jpg


text:
File:PlayersHandbook8Cover.jpg

Summary
Cover of D & D Players Handbook, covered under "fair use," original from "The Acaeum" (http://www.acaeum.com/), used with permission
 * Copyright in artwork likely to be held by Hasbro, its subsidiaries, or the individual graphic artists responsible.

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03:01, 3 March 2004

title: File:PlayersHandbook8Cover.jpg


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Talk:Planned obsolescence

"Legal obsolescence" section removed
This would only fall under our definition of planned obsolescence in cases where regulations about old diesel cars were part of some conspiracy to make people buy more cars, and not motivated by pollution concerns. As such, I've removed it.__Gamren (talk) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Sustainability is a conspiracy, whereas the term obviously describes a real thing, theoretically, it has been co-opted by salesmen to further sales and wasting good products while exchanging them for more sustainable ones. What is common is claims of sustainability, whereas, using these is less often carried out in a sustainable way. An example is power saving light bulbs, neon bulbs perform poorly in cold weather and using the old bulb may add exactly the necessary heat in an unheated space. The technology is neutral, the use determines sustainability.  Bsviu (talk) 06:52, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
 * My point is that this transition was mandated by legislation, and so an example of legal obsolescence. Bsviu (talk) 06:54, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

Planned obsolescence at COVID-19 vaccination
mRNA vaccines trick the body into producing antigens, but there is no real enemy for the immune system to keep these antibodies in evidence so that it can immediately produce antigens again in the event of a new outbreak. Where normal vaccinations keep their effect for decades, here only half a year should be possible. This is planned obsolescence in vaccinations. Here a study about the fast occurring inefficiency: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00185-X/fulltext Pege.founder (talk) 10:33, 30 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Utter nonsense. The key element of planned obsolescence is that an artificial limitation is added. A natural (inherent) limitation does not meet this criterion. — tooki (talk) 16:03, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Glued car headlights as example for prevented repairs
For decades car headlights could be easily opened and the main wear parts, front glass and reflector, which get broken or blind in use, were exchangeable. Often there were several producers of replacement glasses for one make of a headlight. Since around the year 2000, the front glass is in fact plastics and glued together with the case of the headlight. So there is no way of non-destructively opening the case, and there are no spare parts available. Additionaly, the appearance of the whole headlight is often protected by copyright, so no other manufacturers than those authorized by the car maker can offer replacements. Electronic modules for Xenon oder LED technology are also unaccessibly located inside the case. 2001:16B8:2CEB:9200:CCCF:C54:1D10:5AF9 (talk) 09:40, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

Fashion?
Should the introduction include "or might be perceived as unfashionable." The reference following this sentence is about durability, which makes sense. Falling out of fashion doesn't make goods stop being functional. Are people forced to buy a new version of a good just because the old one is no longer aesthetically appealing. What is the consensus among those who study this subject?

How about this reference? It does include fashionability. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19397038.2015.1099757

Ecwiebe (talk) 18:24, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Planned obsolescence


text:
Zollverein

[[File:Map-GermanConfederation.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|German Zollverein, 1834–1919{{legend|#0f5298|Prussia in 1834}}

{{legend|grey|Areas included until 1866}}

{{legend|#ffc300|Austrian possessions outside the Zollverein}}]]

The Zollverein, or German Customs Union, was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties, it formally started on 1 January 1834. However, its foundations had been in development from 1818 with the creation of a variety of custom unions among the German states. By 1866, the Zollverein included most of the German states. The Zollverein was not part of the German Confederation (1815-1866).

The foundation of the Zollverein was the first instance in history in which independent states consummated a full economic union without the simultaneous creation of a political federation or union.

Prussia was the primary driver behind the creation of the customs union. Austria was excluded from the Zollverein because of its highly protectionist trade policy, the unwillingness to split its customs territory into the separate Austrian, Hungarian and Galician-Lodomerian ones, as well as due to opposition of Prince von Metternich to the idea. By the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867, the Zollverein covered states of approximately 425,000 km2, and had produced economic agreements with several non-German states, including Sweden–Norway. After the founding of the German Empire in 1871, the Empire assumed the control of the customs union. However, not all states within the Empire were part of the Zollverein until 1888 (Hamburg for example). Conversely, though Luxembourg was a state independent of the German Empire, it remained in the Zollverein until 1919.

Background

The splintering of territory and states over generations meant that by the 1790s in the German-speaking Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe, there were approximately 1800 customs barriers. Even within the Prussian state itself, there were, at the beginning of the 19th century, more than 67 local customs and tariffs, with as many customs borders. To travel from Königsberg in East Prussia to Cologne, for example, a shipment was inspected and taxed about 80 times. Each customs inspection at each border slowed the shipment's progress from source to destination, and each assessment on the shipment reduced profit and increased the price of goods, dramatically stifling trade.

When France defeated the Second Coalition, made up of Russian, Austrian and German forces, and annexed territories up to the Rhine, there was a general consolidation of the myriad of tiny states in Germany in the Mediatization of 1803. This was also called the Principal Conclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegation (or, in German, Hauptschluss der außerordentlichen Reichsdeputation, usually called the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss). This last piece of major legislation enacted by the Holy Roman Empire re-arranged the map of Central Europe, especially in the southwestern territories. The Reichshauptschluss resulted in the secularization of many ecclesiastical territories, and the so-called mediatization, i.e. the annexation to larger neighboring territories, of many of the formerly free imperial territories, including most of the imperial cities. Considerable portions of the Habsburg family territories in southwestern Central Europe were "mediatized", or given as compensation, to the princes and dukes who had lost territories in the French expansion. Most of the imperial cities, imperial abbeys, and ecclesiastical states and cities were mediatized or secularized in 1803. With the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, most of the remaining tiny principalities were annexed by larger neighbors.

Historians have analyzed three Prussian goals in the development of the Zollverein: first, as a political tool to eliminate Austrian influence in Germany; second, as a way to improve the economies; and third, to strengthen Germany against potential French aggression while reducing the economic independence of smaller states. The Zollverein created a larger market for German-made farm and handicraft products and promoted commercial unification under fiscally sound economic parameters. While the Union sought to limit trade and commercial barriers between and among member states, it continued to uphold the protectionist barriers against outsiders.

According to economic historian Florian Ploeckl, the commonly accepted view among economic historians is that Prussia was motivated to create Zollverein in order to achieve economies of scale in customs administration, thus leading to substantial fiscal savings.

Initial efforts at a single-toll system
During the Napoleonic Era, efforts in the Rhineland toward economic unity had mixed success. The Confederation of the Rhine, and the other satellite creations of Napoleonic France, sought to establish autarky in European trade. By 1806, as Napoleon I sought to secure his hegemony in Europe, the Continental System offered a semblance of unified effort toward a widespread domestic market for European goods. However, the main purpose of the Continental System was military, not economic. Napoleon wanted a trade embargo against Britain, through which he hoped to wreck the British economy. The combination of war and isolation from Britain's trading system destroyed markets for external raw materials and for manufactured goods, resulting in the near ruin of the Central European economy. Especially hard hit were the trading economies of the Lowlands and Rhineland states, which had relied heavily upon imports of raw materials from throughout the world, and on the export of finished products. The domestic markets in Central Europe were not large enough to sustain consumption of their own production. These problems were dramatically exacerbated by the numerous excise taxes and tolls which were the main source of state income. Reduction in trade meant the near bankruptcy of the smaller states.

At the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815, diplomats – principally those from the Great Powers – confirmed the remapping of Europe, and broadly, the rest of the world, into spheres of influence. Central Europe, or German-speaking Europe, remained largely within the influence of the Austrian Habsburgs, balanced at the periphery by the Russian empire in the east, and the French in the west. Prussia was expected to play some role in these spheres of influence, but the ambiguities of the Austrian and Prussian relationship were unresolved. The German states retained autonomy; however, the old imperial institution of the Reichstag was converted to the form of a Confederation Diet, to meet in Frankfurt. The Habsburg archdukes, now Emperors of Austria, were to serve as permanent presidents of this institution. Isolated voices, such as Joseph Görres and Freiherr vom Stein, called for the abolition of domestic tolls and the creation of a German tariff on imports. The mandate from the Vienna Congress, however, established the German Confederation, but did not deal with the economic circumstances, nor did it make any effort to achieve economic and trade standardization. Instead, the articles that established the Confederation suggested that trade and transportation questions be discussed at a later date.

Problems with unifying the customs and toll agreements
Prussia and the central and southwestern states of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, Württemberg, Baden, and Bavaria were leaders in the modernization of the toll system within the German states. In the Prussian case, the experience of the Confederation of the Rhine in removing customs barriers offered an example of how it could be done, and Hans, Count von Bülow, who until 1811 had been the Finance Minister in Westphalia, and who had accepted this position in 1813 in Prussia, modeled the Prussian customs statutes on those of the former states of the Confederation. The addition of territory to the existing Prussian state made elimination of customs barriers a powerful factor in Prussian politics. The significant differences between "old" Prussia and the newly acquired territories complicated the debate. The "newer" Prussian provinces in the Rhineland and Westphalia, with their developing manufacturing sectors, contended with the heavily agricultural territories of "old" Prussia. The dissimilarities in the two sides of Prussia confirmed regional perceptions for the need for their own political and administrative units, which became an important element of the customs debate. Within "old" Prussia itself, the customs statutes from 1818 reduced domestic customs barriers. After 1818, goods coming into Prussia and leaving Prussia were charged a high tariff. Goods moved freely within the state itself. The Prussian toll was therefore very simple and efficient. Manufactured goods were heavily taxed, especially textiles, and the most important taxes were for food, necessities and luxury goods.

Similarly, in the southwest German states, it became urgent to integrate the newly acquired territories into the states' existing economic systems. The territorial growth of the southwestern middle-sized states, in particular the two Hessian principalities, but also the growth of Baden and Württemberg, had split the territorial continuity of Prussia; the Prussian state was no longer linked entirely by territory, but rather was separated from many of its newer acquisitions by territories newly acquired by other states. These states often saw their own interests as conflicting generally and specifically with Prussian expansionism, and resented Prussian dominance and authority. Furthermore, these newly expanded states, usually referred as "middle-sized states" (or, in German, Mittelstaaten), faced problems in integrating their newly acquired territories and populations into an existing political, economic and legal structure.

These problems were exacerbated by European wide economic woes following the Napoleonic Wars. Unemployment and high prices, especially for foodstuffs, characterized an economy not yet converted back to peacetime needs. The problem in Britain was particularly severe and the British response created a ripple effect that worsened problems in the German states: In trying to manage the post-war economy, the British government was caught between the Malthusian understanding of the relationship of wages, prices, and population, and the Ricardian model. On the one hand, adherents to the Malthusian model believed it was dangerous for Britain to rely on imported corn, because lower prices would reduce wages, and landlords and farmers would lose purchasing power. On the other hand, adherents to the Ricardian model thought that Britain could use its capital and population to advantage in a system of free trade. The problems in Britain established precedent for problems in the German states; the British limitation on grain imports, through the Corn Laws, blocked economic recovery in the German states, particularly in eastern Prussia, by limiting the amount of grain that could be imported into Britain. Not only did the Corn Laws keep the price of grain in Britain high, they undermined the viability of Junker producers in east Prussia, and limited their access to external markets.

The commercial reform efforts sponsored by Bavaria in 1856 led to the General German Commercial Code in 1861 that was quickly approved by a majority of the confederation. It proved highly successful in reducing barriers and increasing trade.

1820s and 1830s
At the close of the Napoleonic Wars, Germany was made up of 39 states, among them four city-states. Having abolished its own internal tariffs in 1818, Prussia began inviting individual states to eliminate tariffs, with the agreements setting the foundation for Zollverein cementing strong economic ties between the various Prussian and Hohenzollern territories, and ensuring economic contact between non-contiguous holdings of the Hohenzollern family, also the ruling family of Prussia. It was formed to remove the various obstacles (such as different weights and measures in German states) to economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes, creating a national unity in economic matter at a time when Germany was divided. Surmounting the domestic customs, and the individual states' dependence on those customs as their primary source of income, proved to be a difficult problem. The myriad of customs barriers restricted trade and hampered the industrial development, but the rulers of the states were reluctant to forgo their income from the customs. The impasse was overcome through external forces. With the repeal of the Continental System, the German tradesmen stood in direct conflict with the English industry. A united German Trade and Tradesmens Union demanded protection from English exports. Their spokesman, the economist Friedrich List, feared that the German people would end up as "drawers of water and hewers of wood for Britain". Similarly, Karl Friedrich Nebenius, later president of the Ducal Ministry in the Grand Duchy of Baden and the author of Baden's 1819 proposed customs initiative with the German Confederation, offered a widely publicized description about the difficulties of surmounting such protections:

"The 38 toll barriers in Germany cripple domestic traffic and bring more or less the same results: how if every limb of the human body were bound together, so that blood could not flow from one limb to the other? In order to trade from Hamburg to Austria, from Berlin to the Swiss Cantons, one must cut through the statutes of ten states, study ten tolls and toll barriers, ten times go through the toll barriers, and ten times pay the tolls. Who but the unfortunate has to negotiate such borders? To live with such borders? Where three or four states collide, there one must live his whole life under evil, senseless tolls and toll restrictions. That is no Fatherland!"

In 1820, Württemberg planned to start a customs union among the so-called Third Germany: the middle-sized German states, including itself, Baden, Bavaria, and the two Hessian states (Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel). This customs union excluded both Austria and Prussia, primarily because the two major German powers were considered too overbearing. Plans foundered on the differing interests of the affected states. While the economic development in Baden proceeded relatively well, with its long borders and well entrenched infrastructure for trade, economic development in Bavaria lagged well behind it, and the Bavarian regime enacted a protective tariff on goods produced outside its border. The result was a short lived trade agreement between Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt. Nevertheless, a second agreement, reached in Stuttgart in 1825, established rapport between Württemberg and Bavaria, with the foundation of the South German Customs Union. In opposition to the Prussian activities, Hanover, Saxony, Hesse, and other states (Austria, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands), developed their own economic agreements. While they promised one another not to join the Prussian union, they did develop trade agreements of their own. The Union remained unsuccessful, because it only sought to maintain the status quo, not to fix the problems created by toll barriers.

In 1834, Baden and Württemberg joined the Prussian union, which was renamed the German Customs Union. The Tax Union or Steuerverein was formed in 1834 as a customs union first of the Duchy of Brunswick and the Kingdom of Hanover, then with the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in 1836. By 1835, the German Customs Union had expanded to include the majority of the states of the German Confederation, even Saxony, the Thuringian states, Württemberg and Baden, Bavaria, and the Hessian states. Functionally, it removed many internal customs barriers, while upholding a protectionist tariff system with foreign trade partners.

Timeline
The original customs union was not ended in 1866 with outbreak of the Austro-Prussian War, but a substantial reorganization emerged in 1867. The new Zollverein was stronger, in that no individual state had a veto. When eventually Hamburg acceded to the Customs Union in 1888 it negotiated the exemption of an area of 4 square miles at the centre of its port, which remained outside of the Zollverein. Bremen (which includes Bremerhaven) had a similar agreement.

Economic impact
According to one study, "The Zollverein was the most important institutional development for Germany's economic unification during the middle of the 19th century. It had a strong impact on regional development, changing regional fortunes by the opening and closing of markets."

Role in the unification of Germany
According to economic historians Helmut Böhme and H.-U. Wehler, the Zollverein set the groundwork for the unification of Germany under Prussian guidance. This traditional view is disputed by historians such as Hans-Joachim Voth who contend that far from allowing Prussia to increase its political influence over the smaller states, the customs union may have had the contrary effect: many governments used the increased revenue brought by the customs union to try to consolidate their independence. The smaller states entered the customs union for purely fiscal reasons, and as the events of 1866 were to demonstrate, membership in the Zollverein did not in the least lead to any form of political commitment toward Berlin, as many states remained suspicious of Prussia and generally pro-Austrian.

The impact of the Zollverein on German unification may have been more incidental because it never intended to be a political platform but focused on the economy. As it constituted the main feature of Berlin's "German policy" for many years, Prussian ministers and other government officials became accustomed to think in terms of Germany as a whole and to look beyond specifically Prussian benefits when looking for a consensus across Germany.

According to revisionist historians, the Zollverein may not even have been instrumental in bringing about Prussia's economic preeminence in Germany. They argue that nothing seems to indicate that industrial investments increased decisively during the period in Prussia, or that the customs union played a significant role in reducing the dominance of agriculture in the kingdom's economy.

In literature
In 1840 the poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben published, in his Unpolitische Lieder, a song entitled Der deutsche Zollverein which ironically compares the economic advantages of a customs union to the political unity which the German Confederation had failed to achieve.

title: Zollverein


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User:Armistice dx

I'm a kid living in Wilmington, Delaware who spends his days refining his art and IT skills when he's not trying to survive high-school. I've only written three articles so far, only one being of any length

Articles written as of March 3rd, 2004 A.D. GD-ROM CD plus EG VMU

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University of Mumbai

The University of Mumbai (previously University of Bombay) is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. , the university had 711 affiliated colleges. Ratan Tata is the appointed head of the advisory council.

History
In accordance with "Wood's despatch", drafted by Sir Charles Wood in 1854, the University of Bombay was established in 1857 after the presentation of a petition from the Bombay Association to the British colonial government in India. The University of Mumbai was modelled on similar universities in the United Kingdom, specifically the University of London.

The first departments established were the Faculty of Arts at Elphinstone College in 1835 and the Faculty of Medicine at Grant Medical College in 1845. Both colleges existed before the university was founded and surrendered their degree-granting privileges to the university. The first degrees awarded in 1862 were Bachelor of Arts and Licentiate in Medicine. Medical schools such as Sindh Medical School in Hyderabad, Sindh were affiliated with the university as well.

Cornelia Sorabji, who later studied law at Somerville College becoming Oxford's first female law student and India's first female advocate, was the university's first female graduate in 1888.

Until 1904, the university only conducted examinations, awarded affiliations to colleges, developed curricula, and produced guidelines for colleges developing curricula. Teaching departments, research disciplines, and post-graduate courses were introduced from 1904, and several additional departments were established. After India achieved independence in 1947, the functions and powers of the university were reorganized under The Bombay University Act of 1953. The name of the university was changed from University of Bombay to University of Mumbai in 1996.

In 1949, student enrolment was 42,272 with 80 affiliated colleges. By 1975, these numbers had grown to 156,190 and 114 respectively.

Kalina Campus
Examination processes were made more efficient by the introduction of online delivery of question papers for examinations, and assessment of answer books by scanning at remote examination centres. The academic depository of the university was started in collaboration with CDSL in 2015. The university is the first university in the country to start an academic depository.

 * Jawaharlal Nehru Library
 * Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute for Financial and Management Studies (ADMI) which offers BMS, MFSM, MS Finance & MMS programmes

Rajabai Clock Tower
One of Mumbai's landmarks, the Rajabai Clock Tower, was completed in the 1870s and houses the University of Mumbai's library. Sir George Gilbert Scott modeled the Rajabai Clock Tower on the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London. Local businessman Premchand Roychand contributed to the cost of construction and named the tower in memory of his mother, Rajabai. The tower is 280 ft tall and has five storeys. At a height of 30 ft from the ground, there are eight statues representing the Indian castes. The tower clock is reported to have played 16 tunes including "Rule Britannia", "God Save the Queen", "Home! Sweet Home!" and "A Handel Symphony". On the initiative of the then Vice-Chancellor, Rajan Welukar, the first phase of restoration of Rajabai Clock Tower started in 2013 and was completed in May 2015. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) gave a Rs 4 crore grant for this phase of the restoration project.

Affiliated colleges
Its jurisdiction extends over 7 districts - Mumbai City district, Mumbai Suburban district, Palghar district, Raigad district, Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg district, Thane district.

Prominent institutes
Several departments of the University of Mumbai are a part of vocational institutions and are not located on the four Mumbai campuses. These include the departments of Medicine and Medical Research located in many prominent hospitals in Mumbai, such as the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay Hospital and G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital. The Department of Medicine at Tata Memorial Hospital is now affiliated to the Homi Bhabha National Institute.

Institute of Chemical Technology (then known as the University Department of Chemical Technology, UDCT), was originally a department of MU, which later gained the status of a university.

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, then known as the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, founded in 1887, was the first Engineering Institute of the University of Mumbai. Thadomal Shahani Engineering College was the first Engineering college in the University of Mumbai to start courses in Computer Engineering, Information Technology, Electronics Engineering and Biomedical Engineering.

Libraries

Jawaharlal Nehru Library (JNL) is the central library, located on the campus at Kalina. As of May 2019, it desperately needs restoration.

Vice-chancellors

 * John Wilson – 1857
 * Raymond West
 * Alexander Kinloch Forbes
 * Sir Alexander Grant, 10th Baronet – 1863–1868
 * William Guyer Hunter – 1869
 * Herbert Mills Birdwood
 * Rev Dugald Mackichan – 1888-91
 * Kashinath Trimbak Telang – 1892–1893
 * Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar – 1893–1894
 * N. G. Chandavarkar – 1911−1912
 * John Heaton – 1912–1915
 * Pherozeshah Mehta – 1915
 * Sir Leslie Orme Wilson (Chancellor) - 1927
 * Mirza Akbar Khan – 1930–31
 * R. P. Paranjpye – 1934
 * Sir Rustom Pestonji Masani - 1941
 * Pandurang Vaman Kane
 * John Matthai – 1955–1957
 * V. R. Khanolkar – 1960–1963
 * Shashikant Karnik
 * Trimbak Krishna Tope – 1971–1977
 * M. D. Bengalee – 1986-1992
 * Snehlata Deshmukh – 1995–2000
 * Bhalchandra Mungekar – 2000–2005
 * Vijay Khole – 2005 – September 2009
 * Chandra Krishnamurthy – September 2009–July 2010, Acting Vice-Chancellor
 * Suhas Pednekar - August 2010 - September 2010, Acting Vice-Chancellor
 * Rajan Welukar – October 2010 – July 2015
 * Sanjay V. Deshmukh – July 2015 – October 2017
 * Suhas Pednekar - April 2018 − April 2023

 * Dr. Ravindra D Kulkarni - June 2023 - Present

Rankings
Internationally, the University of Mumbai was ranked 741-750 in the QS World University Rankings of 2024 and 101–150 in Asia. It was ranked 1201–1500 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023, 351–400 in Asia in 2022 and in the same band among emerging economies.

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 56th among universities in India in 2020. .It also ranked 96th overall in 2023

Partner universities
Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) have been signed with University of Amsterdam, University of Bath, Liverpool Hope University, Toronto Metropolitan University, IESEG School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai University in China and Edith Cowan University in Australia.

title: University of Mumbai