text:
HMS Loch Alvie (K428)

HMS Loch Alvie was a Loch-class frigate of the Royal Navy, named after Loch Alvie in Scotland. She was ordered by the Royal Navy during World War II, but did not see action with them, having transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy before commissioning. After the war she returned to the Royal Navy and would pass in and out of service until 1963.

Construction and design
Loch Alvie was ordered 2 February 1943. She was laid down on 31 August 1943 by Barclay, Curle & Company at Glasgow and launched on 14 April 1944. She was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy and commissioned on 10 August 1944 at Dalmuir, Scotland.

Loch Alvie was 307 ft long overall and 286 ft between perpendiculars, with a beam of 38 ft and a draught of 12 ft. Displacement was 1435 LT standard and 2260 LT deep load. She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple expansion steam engines fed with steam from two Admiralty 3-drum boilers and rated at 5500 ihp. This gave a speed of 19.5 kn. Sufficient fuel was carried to give a range of 4800 nmi at 15 kn in tropical waters.

The ship's main gun armament was a single 4 in QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk V gun forward, with an anti-aircraft armament of a quadruple 2-pounder (40-mm) pom-pom aft and at least six Oerlikon 20 mm cannon (two twin powered mountings and at least two single mounts). Two Squid anti-submarine mortars were fitted, with 120 rounds carried, backed up by 15 conventional depth charges. As built, the ship had a complement of 114 officers and men.

Loch Alvie underwent significant modification when under refit from 1952 to 1954, with the ship's gun armament being heavily revised. The 4-inch gun was replaced by a twin Mk XVI 4-inch dual-purpose mount, while the close-in anti-aircraft armament was replaced by an outfit of six Bofors 40 mm guns (1 twin and 4 single mounts), while communications equipment was also upgraded.

World War II
After commissioning, Loch Alvie worked up at Tobermory. She joined the 9th Escort Group at Londonderry Port on 19 September 1944. After escorting convoys to and from Gibraltar, on 29 November she sailed as part of the escort of Russian Convoy JW 62, arriving at Murmansk on 7 December, and the return convoy RA 62, which left Kola Bay on 10 December, with Loch Alvie leaving the convoy on 17 December. She then returned to Liverpool for repairs.

The ship returned to convoy escort and anti-submarine operations in the English Channel in February 1945. The frigate deployed into the English Channel with the 9th escort group from 14 March to 20 April 1945. Later Loch Alvie joined Task Group 122.3 for anti-submarine operations and support duties in the South-Western Approaches and Irish Sea while based at Milford Haven.

After the German surrender in May Loch Alvie returned to the Clyde and took part in escorting Convoy JW67 – the last convoy to Russia – before being sent to Trondheim to escort fourteen U-boats to Loch Eriboll as part of "Operation Deadlight".

In June 1945 Loch Alvie was returned to the Royal Navy, paid off officially from the Royal Canadian Navy on 11 July and put into reserve at Sheerness. Lock Alvie and HMCS Monnow (K441) were the only two Canadian ships of the war never to visit a Canadian port.

Post-war
Loch Alvie was recommissioned in April 1950 to serve in the 6th Frigate Flotilla of the Home Fleet. In 1951 she took part in the search operation to find the missing submarine HMS Affray (P421). The ship was again decommissioned in April 1952 and placed in reserve at Chatham.

In October 1952, she started a major modernisation and refit at Portsmouth dockyard where her armament was revised, with the refit continuing until January 1954. On completing the refit she was re-commissioned for service in the Persian Gulf.

In October 1960 Loch Alvie completed another refit before returning to the Persian Gulf. In April 1961, when the passenger liner MV Dara suffered an explosion, Loch Alvie took part in attempts to stop the resulting fires and salvage the ship. Later that year she was deployed to Kuwait as part of Operation Vantage, a deployment of British forces to Kuwait in response to Iraqi threats of invasion.

Loch Alvie was decommissioned at Singapore in November 1963. During 1964 she was stripped of equipment, and the hulk sold to Hong Huat Hardware, Singapore, for scrapping on 20 September 1965.

Publications

 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie
 * Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships : Loch Alvie

title: HMS Loch Alvie (K428)


text:
HMS Loch Dunvegan (K425)

HMS Loch Dunvegan was a Loch-class frigate frigate of the British Royal Navy, named after Loch Dunvegan in Scotland. Launched in 1944, the ship saw service in the Second World War, and in the Mediterranean Fleet in the early 1950s, before being broken up in 1960.

Second World War
Commissioned in June 1944, the ship was allocated for service in the 10th Escort Group for Atlantic convoy defence duty. In August she was detached to the 20th Escort Group for Russian convoy duty, joining Convoy JW 59 to Murmansk. On 24 August Loch Dunvegan took part in the sinking of the GS U-354. The next day the convoy arrived at Kola Inlet and the ship was detached to join Convoy RA 59A for the return journey. She rejoined 10th Escort Group at Derry on 5 September, to serve in convoy and anti-submarine operations. On 14 February 1945 she took part in the sinking of GS U-989. In March the Group was transferred to the English Channel to continue operations against U-boats.

Post-war
After the German surrender in May 1945 the ship was transferred to the Rosyth Escort Force and also employed in Air-Sea Rescue duty in the Atlantic. She also supported re-occupation operations in Norway. In August 1945 Loch Dunvegan was transferred to 1st Anti-Submarine Training Flotilla based at Londonderry, where she served until August 1947 when she was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Devonport.

In 1948 her pennant number was changed to K425 from F425.

Mediterranean Fleet, 1950s
After a refit Loch Dunvegan was recommissioned on 1 May 1950 for service in the 2nd Frigate Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet, arriving at Malta on 26 June. The usual programme of exercises and visits followed, and including a period as Guard ship at Aqaba. While under repair at Gibraltar on 27 April 1951 she gave assistance after the destruction of the ammunition ship RFA Bedenham in an explosion. In May 1951 she returned to Malta to rejoin the 2nd Frigate Flotilla, but when entering Mellieħa, she grounded, sustaining extensive damage, including the loss of propeller blades. Further repairs took until September, and on her arrival at Sliema the ship was involved in a series of collisions, including one with the destroyer HMS Saintes (D84). In January–February 1952 Loch Dunvegan was deployed as Guardship at Port Said, and provided shore parties in support of the military authorities after widespread anti-British riots. Flotilla duties and exercises then occupied her until November 1952 when she returned to the UK, was decommissioned and put into reserve at Devonport and then Penarth.

Loch Dunvegan remained in reserve at Penarth until 1960 when she was sold for scrapping at Thos. W. Ward of Briton Ferry, where the ship arrived under tow on 24 August 1960.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: HMS Loch Dunvegan (K425)


text: User talk:151.198.171.57

title: User talk:151.198.171.57


text:
Dean Allison

Dean Allison (born February 18, 1965, in London, Ontario) is a Canadian politician. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2004 federal election for the riding of Niagara West—Glanbrook, now Niagara West. Allison is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada and has been re-elected in each subsequent election.

Early life and career
Allison was born on February 18, 1965, in London, Ontario. Allison holds a degree in Economics from Wilfrid Laurier University. Upon graduation, Allison established himself in the Niagara area through accumulating businesses and working for a major franchise organization. Outside of his capacities as a Member of Parliament, Allison also owns a private equity firm that assists in small business and startups.

Community involvement
Allison has served as president of the West Lincoln Memorial Hospital Foundation, as president of the Lincoln Chamber of Commerce, a director of the Ontario Trillium Foundation, and board member of Junior Achievement in Niagara. Allison is also a founding member of the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in Canada and the Belarus' Children of Chernobyl program that brings children affected by the Chernobyl disaster to Canada.

Political career
Allison first ran for federal politics as the Canadian Alliance candidate in the Erie-Lincoln riding in 2000. Allison received 37.1% of the vote but was defeated by Liberal candidate John Maloney who received 42.2% of the votes.

Allison ran, and was elected, in the 2004 election as the Conservative candidate for Niagara West-Glanbrook. Allison has won the subsequent federal elections for Niagara West-Glanbrook.

In 2015, as a result of riding redistribution, the name was changed to Niagara West. The riding now consists of Grimsby, Lincoln, West Lincoln, Wainfleet, Pelham and a portion of west St. Catharines. In the 2021 federal election, Allison won his seventh consecutive election and returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Niagara West.

Member of Parliament
Since taking office, Allison has served on the Standing Committee on Public Accounts, International Trade and as past chair of the Standing Committee on Human Resources Skills Development and Status of Persons with Disabilities and has also served on the advisory panel on the Funding of Officers of Parliament. He has also served as vice chair of the Ontario Conservative Caucus and been on the executive of the Intraparliamentary Union Association and the Commonwealth Association.

In the 42nd Parliament, Allison served as the Shadow Minister for International Trade as well as the vice-chair of Standing Committee on International Trade.

Allison is also a director of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly.

Allison has tabled a number of different legislative initiatives in Parliament including a bill aimed at removing the faint hope clause from the Criminal Code, and motions to entrench property rights in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and to raise awareness of Anaphylaxis.

Allison was one of thirteen Canadians banned from traveling to Russia under retaliatory sanctions imposed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in March 2014.

After the House of Commons introduced a vaccine mandate, Allison claimed a medical exemption. He attended House meetings virtually.

In February 2023, Allison, along with fellow Conservative MPs Leslyn Lewis and Colin Carrie, had dinner with Christine Anderson, a Member of the European Parliament representing Alternative for Germany, who was on a Canadian tour of right-wing media and convoy protest supporters. The meeting was condemned by the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs, the Canadian Anti-Hate Network, and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau among others, for Anderson and AfD's Islamophobic and antisemitic positions. Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre also denounced Anderson's views as "vile", racist, and said that "it would be better if Anderson never visited Canada in the first place". The three MPs released a joint-statement saying that while meetings with foreign elected officials are ordinary, they were unaware of her or her party's views, and that they condemned racist and hateful views.

Electoral record
Source: Elections Canada

Broadcasting career
Allison hosts a weekly program on the conservative-leaning news channel The News Forum, The Hill Update.

title: Dean Allison


text:
User talk:Line

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Wikifying
Nice work on adding uni's to the various articles. You might be interested in List of universities in Mainland China. Please also link the universities you add since they can potentially have articles. --Jiang 08:42, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Louis Néel
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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User talk:Sukoshisumo

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Image source problem with Image:Sector.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Sector.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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File:Sector.png listed for deletion
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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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User talk:T2hollandtroy

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User talk:86kit

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Unverified images
Thanks for uploading Image:Seafood.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) Thanks so much,    – Quadell (talk) (help)   23:17, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

Also:
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Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 06:31, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:LP023.jpg
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P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

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User talk:AssetBurned~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
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Canberra Stadium

Canberra Stadium, commercially known as GIO Stadium Canberra, is a facility primarily used for rugby league and rugby union games, located adjacent to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is the largest sports venue by capacity in Canberra.

History
The facility was designed by architect Philip Cox and constructed by Leighton Contractors. It opened on 29 October 1977.

In 1977, it was the venue for the Pacific Conference Games, and was also the venue for the 4th IAAF World Cup in Athletics. At the latter meet, the still-current world record for the women's 400m was recorded by East German Marita Koch, and a world record for the women's 4 × 100 m relay was set by East Germany, which stood until the 2012 London Olympic Games.

In the late 1980s, the running track was removed and the warm-up track next door upgraded. New offices, seating, and photo-finish facilities were added. In the 1990 NSWRL season, the reigning NSWRL premiers the Canberra Raiders moved to Bruce Stadium from Seiffert Oval in Queanbeyan, their home ground since entering the New South Wales Rugby League in 1982. The Raiders won their second straight premiership in 1990.

The removal of the athletics track meant that Australian rules football games, more specifically those of the Australian Football League (AFL), could be played at the ground, resulting in pre-season matches being scheduled as early as 1990. In 1995, an AFL match for premiership points was contested between the West Coast Eagles and Fitzroy. There were also a number of pre-season AFL games played at the venue, mostly featuring the Sydney Swans.

Also around that time, a cricket pitch was placed in the centre of the ground as an experiment, and a day/night one-day cricket match was played between two local teams before a small crowd. Regular cricket matches on the ground did not eventuate.

Further renovations occurred in 1997, in preparation for staging soccer matches as part of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, which shrank the size of the playing field, preventing any future Australian rules football games being played there. The final cost of the renovations was more than seven times what had been originally anticipated by the Territory government of the time, and the subsequent controversy ended the career of then Chief Minister Kate Carnell. During the lead-up, unseasonal snow fell on 28 May 2000, during a match between the Raiders and the Wests Tigers, the only such occasion in National Rugby League history, with the snow causing frost damage to the turf intended for the Olympic soccer tournament.

Olympic soccer in 2000 initiated a stadium facelift, converting the playing surface from oval to rectangular and bringing the crowd closer to the action. It is now an all-seater rectangular stadium with two main grandstands on either side of the playing field. The major disadvantage of that revamp was that the stadium could no longer host AFL games. All top-class cricket and Australian rules football games in Canberra are now staged at the 15,000-capacity Manuka Oval.

A 2008 Rugby League World Cup game between Scotland and France was played at Canberra Stadium, the first ever rugby league test played at the venue. France defeated Scotland 36–16.

In 2009, there was an A-League bid from Canberra that, if successful would have seen an A-League soccer team play at the stadium starting with the 2010–11 season. However, the League decided that the new teams would be Sydney Rovers FC (which dissolved due to financial problems) and Melbourne Heart FC.

In January 2014, Canberra Stadium was rebranded GIO Stadium Canberra as part of a naming rights deal with GIO Insurance.

A new video screen was installed at the southern end of the stadium in March 2020.

Ownership
The stadium is currently owned by the Australian Government through the Australian Sports Commission and leased to the Government of the Australian Capital Territory. While the current lease is due to expire in 2010, the ACT Government is seeking ownership of the stadium through a land transfer with the Australian Government.

Seating and capacity
Capacity is a nominal all-seated 25,011, the largest crowd being 28,753 for the 2004 Super 12 Final. The main grandstand is named after Canberra Raiders and Australian rugby league player Mal Meninga, and a statue of another Raiders and Australian league representative Laurie Daley adorns the main grandstand entrance.

The eastern grandstand was named the Gregan/Larkham Grandstand on 28 April 2007, after Brumbies and Australia rugby union greats George Gregan and Stephen Larkham. Both ended their international careers after the 2007 Rugby World Cup as the two most-capped players in Wallabies history (at that time), with Gregan at a world-record 139 and Larkham at 102.

Possible replacement
Whilst the stadium suits the needs of its two current primary tenants, as of 2017 it is the smallest Super Rugby stadium and only a medium-sized NRL venue. The stadium itself is approaching 35 years old, and despite modernisations over the years is lacking in certain amenities for fans – especially covered seating.

Additionally, Australia had bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and Canberra Stadium does not meet the necessary criteria to host matches. As such, the ACT Government launched a study examining the upgrade or replacement of Canberra Stadium, with options ranging from increasing capacity and enclosing the current facility, to completely re-configuring the current stadium to an oval for cricket and Australian rules football and building a state of the art rectangular facility next door.

Citing costs of building multiple facilities as an issue, ACT Sports Minister Andrew Barr indicated his preference would be a 'super stadium' built with World Cup standard facilities and capacity, able to be reduced to approximately 30,000 seats after the event. Such a facility would have to incorporate movable seating in order to accommodate all of the major Australian sporting codes.

The official bid for the 2022 World Cup indicated that the 'super stadium' plan was unlikely and the original plan of a new rectangular stadium built next door to the current stadium, with the existing facility re-configured for oval field sports, was considered to be the likely outcome.

After the failed World Cup bid a new rectangular covered stadium was proposed for Canberra. In 2013 the ACT government announced plans to build a 30,000 covered (with a roof similar to Forsyth Barr Stadium) rectangular stadium in the city on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin. It would be part of a 15-year significant redevelopment of the foreshore which extends the city to the Eastern Basin. Along with the stadium, as part of the redevelopment there would be apartments, a convention centre and an urban beach. Plans to build a new stadium have, however, been put on hold indefinitely due to the need for funds to compensate local residents over an asbestos home insulation debacle. Plans to construct the new stadium have since been pushed back by a decade.

Other notable events

 * Canberra Stadium logo.svg.]]City vs Country rugby league match, 1981. City defeated Country 38–7 in front of 17,490 fans.
 * In 1990, the stadium hosted an International Rules match (a combination of Gaelic football and Australian rules football) between Ireland and Australia. Ireland defeated Australia 52–31 in front of 7,000 fans.
 * In 1992 the touring Great Britain Lions defeated the Canberra Raiders 24–12 in front of 4,728 fans.
 * In 1995, the AFL's ailing Fitzroy Football Club played one home game against the West Coast Eagles at the venue. West Coast defeated Fitzroy 12.10 (82) to 8.6 (54) in front of 11,282 on 27 May.
 * The 2nd leg of the 1996 OFC Nations Cup Final
 * Super 12 Rugby union Final 2000, 2001, 2004
 * Super Rugby AU Rugby union Final 2020
 * Four group matches from the 2003 Rugby World Cup.
 * The 2008 Pacific Schools Games
 * One Group Match from the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
 * On 19 April 2013 the Stadium hosted the 2013 Anzac Test, the first time the Kangaroos had played a test in Canberra. Canberra Stadium was awarded the test as part of Canberra's centenary celebrations.
 * Kanga Cup International youth soccer tournament.
 * On 5 May 2017 the Stadium hosted the 2017 Anzac Test. This was the last Anzac Test to be played.
 * Hosted three Group Matches from the 2017 Rugby League World Cup including the first Australia vs France test in Australia since 1994.

title: Canberra Stadium


text:
User talk:20HoyinLee

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User talk:Danio

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Dersonlwd Talk 16:49, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hello! I see that you added the images of pataca coins and accompanying text to the article. It looks like the images and text are copied from. Did you get permission from the author to do that? It is very, very important for Wikipedia to avoid any kind of copyright problem. Thanks for any information you might have! Wile E. Heresiarch 20:48, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:11MarkHoKaMing


text:
Talk:Annobón

Comments
I guess this highlights a need for articles on São Tomé Island (and Príncipe Island as well).

Note that the coordinates on the map of Annobon are wrong: 1°23' is located UNDER 1°25, while this is southern hemisphere --> the 1°23' should read 1°27'S

Well spotted, 137.224.252.10! Though I think the lines of latitude, 1°23' and 1°25', are correct but should be reversed. That is 1°23' above, and 1°25' below. Unfortunately, I don't think we can edit the image. Kahuzi 15:59, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Annobón spanish article Wikipedia
Somebody must put in english, is better. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 212.97.173.27 (talk) 00:50, 19 December 2006 (UTC).

maybe in Spanish empire
The isle were in spanish empire despite portuguese language 82.198.32.236 00:13, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The "history" section of the article does make it clear that Annobón was, indeed, part of a colony within the Spanish empire. Kahuzi 23:32, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Conflicting population figures
The Portuguese version of this article says that the population is 2,000. This article currently says 5,000. All other things being equal I would be more inclined to believe the Portuguese article, and data at gives the density at 120/km² which is consistent with a figure of 2,000. However, I can't find any other independent sources for the population and I'm not confident enough to change it. It's possible that the figures of 2,000 and 5,000 vary widely in date I guess. Matt 17:20, 23 April 2007 (UTC).
 * The Spanish Government gives the population data as 5,000 indeed. -- Asterion talk 19:37, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Reverting messy edits
A series of edits in September 2011 destroyed the original structure of the article. Some new information was added, but much of it was written in poor English and badly organised. I have reverted to the last good version of 15:28, 21 September 2011. Any worthwhile information added between that date and the date of this notice needs to be manually extracted, cleaned up, and properly integrated into the article. I will try to pick away at this as I have the time and inclination. 109.151.36.181 (talk) 01:28, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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1932
While it is a novel, according to this teaser to the book Annobón, in 1932 there were 675 women and 465 men in Annobon, all Africans but for three missionaries, a male nurse and a police sergeant, Restituto Castilla. On the arrival of colonial governor Gustavo de Sostoa, sergeant Castilla murdered the governor. It could be interesting to add something to the history during the colony. --Error (talk) 18:41, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Annobón


text:
West Burra

West Burra is one of the Scalloway Islands, a subgroup of the Shetland Islands in Scotland. It is connected by bridge to East Burra. With an area of 743 ha, it is the eleventh-largest of the Shetland Islands.

Geography
The nearby south-facing sandy beach at Meal is a popular place on a warm day. At the south end of West Burra is Kettla Ness, with impressive cliff scenery; it is linked to the main island by a shingle and sand tombolo which also provides another attractive sandy beach. At Duncansclett, a traditional thatched cottage has recently been restored for use by the local history group; the building featured in the BBC television series, 'Restoration'.

West Burra is linked to the Shetland Mainland via Trondra by a series of bridges.

Settlements
Hamnavoe (an extremely common Shetland name) is the main settlement, and there is also Bridge End, so called because it is near the bridge to East Burra.

History
The form used in the Orkneyinga saga is "Barrey". Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland suggests that Burra is a corruption of Borgarey meaning "island of the broch". The place name Brough lends some support to this case and a nearby hillock may have been a broch from which stones were removed to build the pier at Scalloway.

The name Papil in the south of West Burra is a Norse reference to the Papar. This name can be found in the form Papyli in several locations in Iceland. However, it is not just Papil's etymology that suggests the site of an early church, confirmation has been found in the form of the "Monk's Stone", which was dug up in Papil and which is now in the Shetland Museum.

The main village of Hamnavoe in the north of West Burra is unique among villages in Shetland, in having been planned and laid out by the factors of the estate, in much the same way as many estate villages created by 'improving' landlords in Scotland; another parallel, albeit on a larger scale, is Ullapool, created by the British Fisheries Society. The original plan form is still clearly visible, despite the accretion of later development. Hamnavoe was once an important fishing centre. Today, none of the larger Shetland fishing boats is likely to be seen here but smaller vessels catch shellfish. Although full-time fishermen still live in the area, the fishing tradition is nowadays more evident in fish farming; there are several mussel and salmon farms around Burra.

Notable people from West Burra

 * Thomas Fraser, a Country and Western musician who was born at Outterabrake and lived much of his life at Setter.

title: West Burra


text:
Talk:Steven Brust

Chronological order incorrect
in book yendi, vlad meets morrolan and sethra for the first time on pg 5 of book dragon is a letter from morrolan to vlad stating "you expressed a preferance for a formal invitation over our last method of asking for ur help"

hence book 2 is yendi and book 3 is dragon!! 41.133.225.207 (talk) borgrel —Preceding undated comment added 08:41, 11 July 2011 (UTC).
 * I don't know about the chronology order, but you're incorrect about Yendi. Vlad meets Sethra and Morrolan for the first time in Taltos (they hire him to rescue Aliera). In Yendi he already knows them (and Aliera). Speaking of chronology, since an effort is being made to track when certain passages occur it might be interesting to note that the prologue for Jhereg actually takes place in the middle of the earliest narrative in Taltos. Justin Bacon (talk) 22:46, 20 March 2013 (UTC)

Interesting fact
Interesting fact: "Táltos" is an old hungarian name for a kind of shaman / magician / holy person. --grin 16:54, 2004 Feb 23 (UTC)

 * I confirmed that and included it. JerryFriedman

Enchantress/Sethra Lavode ?
Please note that I might have gotten totally confused and that The Enchantress of Dzur Mountain might be a discarded working-title for Sethra Lavode. I have tried to check but evidence is mixed. At least one site is convinced there's a fourth volume; various others say Sethra Lavode is the third and final volume. --Phil | Talk 09:08, Mar 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Indeed, Enchantress... was a working title. The word is that Brust's editor thought that Dzur being hard to pronounce might hurt sales.
 * And yet, the book Dzur was the one to make him a NYTBSA! --Starwed 11:15, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

I see you've fixed my error. Thanks. --Phil | Talk 18:17, Mar 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * The deletion of TEoDM was confirmed by Brust on the Dragaera mailing list. It's nice to have authoritative information.  Hey, who was that masked man? JerryFriedman

Styles
By my count, five of the nine Vlad novels have straightforward first-person narration by Vlad (Jhereg, Yendi, Teckla, Phoenix, and Issola), so it seems like an exaggeration to say that "almost all" these novels are written in different styles. Or am I missing something? --JerryFriedman 01:53, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I would agree that almost all is not correct. There are different styles though.  One is written from Rocza's point of view, Dragon seamless switches contexts in the middle of most chapthers.  Orca is written from Kiera's point of view.  I think Taltos has the beginning of every chapter that merges to the end of the novel with different time lines.  That's enough in my book to say "a lot"  :)  Wikibofh 04:45, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Weblog defunct?
Brust's weblog appears broken today. I have never been to his site before and I was wondering if he still keeps it, or if the weblog has been down for some time (in which case we should change the article to reflect he no longer is a blogger)? Kit 19:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The computer that hosts his website went completely down. It was rebuilt, but they have not fixed the weblog yet.  Right now he is using LJ.  It can be found here.  Wikibofh 19:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

There's a cache of that old weblog. Shall it be put into External Links? I'm too tired to have a really good opinion, so I rely on all of you.

=Chica= 5 July 2006

 * I'd say no. We already have a link to dreamcafe, and you can get to it from there.  Wikibofh(talk) 14:23, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Thank you, Wikibofh.

(Ah-hah! The cache now works from Dreamcafe.com!  Yay for people fixing Stuff.)

=Chica= 11 July 2006

DZUR
His latest book Dzur comes out 8-August-2006; it is already available for ordering. This can be verified on Amazon.com. Since I know that anyone looking in here is a fan of Steven's... I'll update the other neat thing about DZUR as soon as it posts officially. Then you won't have to take my word for it.

I put this note up because I should like the year for DZUR to stay up. Please stop taking it down. Thanks! - Chica

 * Hi Chica. I altered the article to include the actual date and a link to the Amazon page for a source, so no one will question the date. I will keep an eye on things here for you, too. I can hardly wait for Dzur! Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 17:30, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, Kit! - Chica

 * Since Dzur is out now, I changed the article to list only the year, in harmony with the other listed titles. Since the article has been updated to reflect the book's release, this shouldn't cause any confusion. --Gavia immer 18:38, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

DZUR was chosen for the new logo deal between Tor and the Science Fiction Channel. It's called "A Sci Fi Essential Book" and bears that as well as the Sci Fi logo. Every month one Tor book will be chosen. More info can be found on the Tor.com website. This program began July 2005.

Anyone want to write that up all poetically for the article? Pretty please...

- Chica

 * The press release doesn't mention Dzur at all. PDF of it is here  Do you have a different source?  Wikibofh(talk) 05:02, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes. I have the cover itself for DZUR. :> I have been waiting for the SciFi web calendar to add the 2006 books. They haven't put them up as of my last search. grrr. Actually, neither has Tor...

- Chica

 * That press release looks quite old. As to sourcing, first off I am looking at a copy of the dust jacket right now and it has the logo. The cover shown on Amazon has the logo as well. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 07:07, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

How's that, Chica? Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 07:12, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Beautiful! Thank you, Kit. I may have to prod them about the calendar.

BTW, if any of you want to add a convention to the SciFi calendar, they have a webform for that. May help if you're trying attract more people. :> I'm just sayin' is all.

- Chica

Agyar
I've just read Agyar - what is the narrator? I didn't spot the term vampire in the book.--80.4.252.114 15:25, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The narrator is a vampire, it's just a subtle book. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 17:23, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I enjoyed it. I've been looking for good horror for a few months, and this is the first worthwhile read. It was hard to begin with, and by the end I thought maybe I'd missed something because of various distractions I had when I started on the book. Half-way through, I was totting up the vampirisms to see if the equation would fit, but I suppose it's beside the point. One criticism: I was confused about whether, in the final scene, the narrator was expecting to survive - the reference to "autopsy" forced me to read back over the previous pages, and it was only the epilogue that put my panicked brain at ease. At various points I got the impression that American Psycho was an influence (minus the scenes of sex and gore) - facile comparison? Will re-read. Perhaps you could give me hints about these clever author's clues the article mentions - is the title Agyar one of them? I am a slow, slothful --shtove 22:16, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's been a few years since I reread the book. I never took the narrator to be a conventional vampire but more read the novel as a sort of built around the bare bones of the myth -- predator, drinks people's essence in some way, hard to kill, doesn't like daylight... but it's definitely not exactly the vampire we've grown familiar with. I expect the title is a clue but I don't know the answer. No idea about the comparison to American Psycho as I haven't read it myself, interesting though. If I reread the book anytime soon (might) and see anything of note I'll let you know or post here. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 03:56, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Not to derail from the topic of this page, but as far as horror goes my favorites are S. P. Somtow's Vampire Junction and Moon Dance and Kim Newman's Anno Dracula. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 03:58, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Shtove, the trick about the narrator is - that the book is from different points of view. That is another subtle feature. Don't fash yourself, but that is the disparity. Some time after I first read it, I picked it up again, and reread the two parts that belong to the other character. That's when I finally realized two narrators existed.

AGYAR, according to the Magyar-Angol dictionary, means tusk or fang. So, yes, if you speak Hungarian (or have the translation) it'd be a clue. :> I don't speak Hungarian...

- Chica
 * Chica, thanks for the dual-narration point. In response, I have a simple question: WHAT??? On second thoughts, just give me a hint and I will reread. And BTW - what do you youngsters mean by fash?--shtove 00:52, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Shtove, "fash" is an archaic word I picked up. Just means getting excited or upset. :> Elizabethan English.

I'd say, since you've read the book - go back and read it again. Cheat. Read the epilogue first, then read the prologue (and the remainder) in order. Kit's right, it's subtle; and I'd agree that it's like the bare bones of the myth. AGYAR is one of my favorites. Also, if you haven't read Roger Zelazny's _Frost and Fire_, you may want to read that. Roger wrote a really neat short story ("Dayblood") about vampires and predators. I don't know whether that influenced AGYAR or not.

- Chica

 * I rather thought "fash" was Scots. (Where hae ye been, me bonny lad? Dinna fash yersel'!) Chica probably picked it up where I did, reading old Scots ballads. Considering the decline of good literary education, I'd say that Shtove is the younker here. :.)
 * As for the dual narrator, I thought it was immediately obvious from the change in voice and tone of the bookending chapters? And who else could be writing the last chapter? What we're doing when we pick up Agyar is, we're picking up a typescript left after the bookending narrator has added (ahem) its own pages—just as (mumble) had picked up the typescript at the beginning while getting used to (um) its new condition and the ghost. Another PJF device to frighten and confuse. → (AllanBz ✍) 07:58, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Actually, I first learnt "fash" from Christopher Stasheff. :> But no, it wasn't immediately obvious to me; when I got to the end, I realized it was a frame around the rest of the story. Before that, I thought Our Hero was feeling incredibly bitter in the prolog, and then went into the story. :>

- Chica

 * It's been ages since I read those! By the way, a "gallowglass" is a Scots mercenary. → (AllanBz ✍) 12:42, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * > Mom sent me _King Kobold Revived_.  I remember not liking _King Kobold_ so I figured I should try KKR.  P'rhaps it's better, being a rewrite.  Dunno yet.  I ate up Stasheff in high school

=Chica= 11 July 2006

After reading this Discussion, SKZB asked me to add this note: "The powers and limitations of the vampire I used in Agyar are exactly those Stoker used in Dracula.  Moreover, the timeline for Agyar is the inverse of the timeline for Dracula."

=Chica= 05:17, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Short stories added & other news
Those are all the anthologies I know of. If any of the stories got reprinted, then I missed the reprints. Same applies to anything printed in other magazines.

- Chica

Mrm. I'll probably erase this subsection of Discussion after 9-30-06.

=Chica= 08:41, 28 June 2006 (UTC)Chica

Erased: my comments about _Dzur_ & the reprint of _Brokedown Palace_.

=Chica= 08:38, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Clarification
Hrm. Per Steven, he did not know a mobster; he knew a fellow Trotskyist who was killed by a mobster. This is from a recent conversation and is not from a bio nor an interview. Any thoughts?

How does one substantiate this??? Especially since I'm not a journalist, interviewer, publisher... =sigh=

=Chica= 11 July 2006

(dubious honors)
First, Steve IS ambivalent, which is why I listed it as dubious honor. :>

Second, I would NOT use the dates from the *original* link I appended for the nominations. I have found the ISFDB site to be exceptionally bad about correct dates. I do know that the Nebula nominee is actual; but they list the actual story twice (because they can't spell and they didn't bother to look up the story itself). Otherwise, I trusted them about awards. :/

(In fact, checking back on Locus itself, I find absolutely NO mention of Steve being nominated for a Hugo. Farathoom! and similar oaths.  Half of the dates listed are wrong or show nothing.)

=Chica= 21:50, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

[Edited after corrections using Locusmag.com] =Chica= 00:35, 19 August 2006 (UTC) 18 August 2006

Firefly news?
Any of you see this yet? Paragraph two. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly_%28TV_series%29#Books

I can't find a text version of the interview KRAD did, saying that two Firefly books were to be published. If any of you do, please post the link here. No news from Pocket Books about Steve's Firefly submission yet; it was submitted in October 2005, per Steve's weblog.

- Chica

Hmmm. (10-May-2006) All the Firefly books submitted went to Joss. http://www.serenitymovie.org/browncoats/forums/index.php?showtopic=5986

http://www.serenitymovie.org/browncoats/forums/index.php?showtopic=626 (January 2006 discussion)

- Chica

Devera
Can we mention in the article that Devera [edit]. Not sure if it's too much of a spoiler..? :)

-- Hallo, anonymous one. (I post without a Wiki-ID as well; I'm not heckling.) No, I wouldn't mention that. Let people read. Anything regarding Devera is better left to the reader's own discovery. Much of Steve's style relies on his masterful sleight-of-hand. Remember: The more is told beforehand, the less to discover - and what fun is that?

What you're thinking about is the sort of detail that fans share between themselves. Are you on the Dragaera mailing list? Not to mention the many blogs, discussion groups, etc. :]

- Chica

Heh - Good point. :) Thanks for the guidance.  Have read & re-read Taltos, the first compendium many times, only to recently discover there are many more books in the series..  Yay!  Am looking at the list now.. - Gareth

My pleasure, Gareth. Welcome! Hope to see you on the list sometime.

- Chica

Devera sighting in Emma Bull's FALCON. Per this website - http://mindstalk.net/brust/devfaq.html#sightings - and Will Shetterly confirmed this on Usenet. :>

Phoenix mentions that Devera's in F&N also. I'm not good at catching sight of Devera myself, so I take it on faith. For once I'll leave these tidbits here and let someone else take care of 'em.

=Chica= 00:45, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Added nicknames; also, subcategories
Back before I had a login-id, I sat down and typed all the nicknames in. I began with the interview that lists them all.

Now, I suspect that someone took it as vandalism. 'Cause it's not even in history. So I made a much shorter version. Same topic.

I think it's neat that he makes those up. :> It also explains CSN [The Sun, the Moon...] to me.

=Chica= 15:37, 7 August 2006 (UTC) 7 August 2006

 * I thought there was a full list somewhere, maybe C&S. Regardless, good edit.  I did some minor style changes.  Wikibofh(talk) 16:01, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

=blush= Aw, thanks, Wikibofh. Just didn't feel like watching it all go boom again. (I suspect that someone in Wiki-land felt that "Uretha" and "Sh!t Happens" weren't appropriate and therefore must be vandalism.) FYI:  "Stir" may eventually show up on the Dragaera list as the newest nickname. A certain greeter-bird suggests as much. :)

=Chica= 12:04, 8 August 2006 (UTC) 8 August 2006

Specifically subcategories in the External Links. Because I'm that kind of nitpicky. :>

=Chica= 01:49, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

S. K. Z. Brust, drummer to superheroes
I added more to the paragraph on Brust's appearance in Excalibur, since he was in two issues rather than just one, but on second thought, maybe that's more detail than is really needed? It could be trimmed and the excess moved to Cats Laughing if it's out of balance.  —Cel ithemis  06:58, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

According to Steve - and this may actually be printed somewhere in an interview - his kids were quite geeked that he was in a comic book. Whether that was more exciting than in his being an author is hard to say now. So it's all relative. :>

Having said that, the Brust offspring ARE very proud of their dad.

=Chica= 13:53, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Ah. It's the Bookslut interview. Specifically: "'I still remember one occasion when -- I’m exaggerating the story a little -- when my band Cats Laughing was in an Xcalibur comic book and a certain of my children thought that was far more exciting than the fact that I had written some books. They do seem to be proud of me as a writer, which I like, because they sure as hell have no reason to be proud of me as a father. So at least they get something out of the deal.'"

http://www.bookslut.com/features/2004_05_002065.php

=Chica= 07:37, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Does anyone know why or wherefore the bio importance is hanging over this page? I've read more than once, and I'm not sure. If someone could explain it, I'd be grateful. Please don't say "go read the links" pasted up there, because I have and they really don't help me. Thanks!

=Chica= 01:54, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * All "living persons" articles have bio tags. The importance means they haven't been assesed.  I presume this one will be low, even though Steven is a great author, compared to heads of states, etc, of low importance.  I don't view it as a precursor to AfD.  This article would survive that easily.  Wikibofh(talk) 04:13, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, the Biography Wikiproject wound up scrapping the idea of ranking articles by importance anyway. There are probably lots of articles still tagged with a blank "importance" attribute, but it's just a leftover and doesn't do anything.  I've removed it and added the appropriate workgroup.  —Cel  ithemis  05:15, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Wikisource
Why is Wikisource linked? There are no quotes by/about Brust in it. Perhaps either quotes should be added or the link removed?

 * A Dream of Passion used to be there. Think it got deleted as copyvio.  Wikibofh(talk) 22:48, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Books Versus Biography
As I understand it, author pages are supposed to be biographical articles on the author. Details about the author's works should be saved for articles about the books. Since there were no articles about Brust's works for some time, I suppose that it why all that info was put here. I'm working on starting articles for Brust's various works, so I'll probably be moving a lot of this information away from this article. Hopefully I or someone else can find some actual biographical info about Brust to fill this article back out again. -Captain Crawdad 21:51, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. I've seen you traipsing around Dragaera so keep up the good work.  Wikibofh(talk) 22:48, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

If that means some meta-articles, that would be rather nifty.

I do have some argument with the huge listings under the Vlad books. Detailing an entire book here makes it less fun to read. Is there some earth-shattering reason for this?

Noticed the same problem elsewhere; the Nero Wolfe books for example.

Captain, I understand that to you - and others - that much detail may be what appeals to you. I recommend that you ask Steve his preference when he's back, three weeks hence. Another thing to consider: some people outside the States may not have access to DZUR yet. Spoiling their read would be criminal. - Thanks for listening.

=Chica= 08:46, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * That's why there's a spoiler warning at the top of the summary. No one's being forced to read it.  I know I wouldn't read it if I hadn't already read the book.

 * I wrote that summary so I could refer back to it when reading future books in the series -- rather than trying to remember what had happened, or having to re-read the series every time a new book comes out. Having done that I thought it'd be a useful resource for other Brust fans.  If it isn't, delete it (but I'll keep my copy).  -- Rsholmes 13:12, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Actually, I added the spoiler warning to the books last night, Rsholmes. (A few books had the warning attached previously.) I realize that not everyone has the same definition of resource - and that some people may know about sites like Cracks and Shards, while others seek Wiki...  Having a difference of opinion isn't fatal. If we all liked oatmeal, there wouldn't be enough haggis to go 'round. :>

Goes back to the question "just because you can do something, should you?" by my lights. No offense intended, although straight text may imply offense.

=Chica= 19:40, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

LARPs
I attended Opusfest 2006. No Dragaera LARP occurred. 'Twas promised on both the Dragaera list and the Opusfest website - but life gets in the way of plans, unfortunately. I haven't found citations nor info for other Dragaera LARPs.

=Chica= 05:08, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Newest book
Jhegaala's first draft now delivered. Tor will announce formally when it will be released in hardcover...

http://skzbrust.livejournal.com/51748.html

http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/009150.html#009150

=Chica= 06:08, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Edited today; Locus has published the upcoming books for 2008. Jhegaala is slated for July 2008.

=Chica= (talk) 16:21, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Hawk is in production, though no other information, except some about the dedication, is available. Should this be added somewhere? - A Fan Of Steve's http://magick4terri.livejournal.com/41067.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.106.198.78 (talk) 20:25, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

New blog
Steven Brust's new blog is at http://dreamcafe.com/words/

You can find reference to it here in Steve's LJ, and a mention of it here on his homepage.

As this will be one of Steve's main online presences, it should be added to the article. As one of the other authors of this blog, however, I believe it would be a conflict of interest to add it to the article myself. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 12:37, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Ethnicity in lead sentence
Per WP:MOSBIO, I have removed ethnicity from the lead sentence. This material would be better covered under a family background, ect section if one was added. An editor left me a note saying that Brust has been very vocal about his ethnicity, but is this the reason he is notable? Anyways, --Tom (talk) 19:27, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * As I said elsewhere, I don't think that being of Hungarian descent makes him more or less notable - but Brust himself is pretty vocal about his ethnicity, and I don't see what benefit there is to omitting it from the lead. In particular, a lot of writing (the subject most people will care about when they read this biography) is obviously influenced by traditional Hungarian culture, so it isn't only a trivial matter of his parentage, it's an important fact. I'm not going to edit war over it, but I don't see the point of removing that information from the lead. — Gavia immer (talk) 20:44, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * It really isn't about "benefit" either way, its about the MOSBIO guideline which says to leave ethnicity out of the lead unless it is or contributes to this person's notability. I honestly know zero about this person. If in fact(provide citations) this person's writing or songs or whatever have been influenced by his ethnicity, then it belongs in the lead and deserves mention. Is this the case here. I still don't know enough to make that determination. Again, ethnicity ideally belongs in an early life or family background type section. Hopefully others that intimately knowelgeable about this person can comment as well since it was more of a MOS type issue for this editor. Cheers, Tom (talk) 00:27, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
 * http://weread.com/author/Steven+Brust/2088714 http://us.macmillan.com/toreigninhell http://www.speakeasy.org/~mamandel/Cracks-and-Shards/names.html#Eastern Names, book titles, fairy tales in his books, and recipes all draw heavily on Hungarian language and folklore. -- Mindstalk (talk) 22:00, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

Title nicknames
Is this really encyclopedic content? I like the guy, I've even played poker with him; but this seems like fancruft of the fluffiest sort, and I believe should go. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  16:13, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Books
I find it inexcusable that this doesn't list the books in either series. Why? I'd suggest title, date of first publication, synopsis, and chronological order of events. The Vlad Taltos series is (perhaps arguably) Brust's most notable accomplishment, and clearly it should be enumerated here. 71.29.172.222 (talk) 19:51, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Did you somehow miss the Bibliography section? It lists the books in each series by publication year, and most titles are linked to an article with a synopsis of the book. More detail than that, in an article on any prolific author, would be excessive. Lwarrenwiki (talk) 20:00, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Anyone familiar with his books care to add them to this list?
Types of mythological or fantastic beings in contemporary fiction is a page of, well, fantasy works (movie, TV, written, whatever) and the assorted mythological and/or fantastic critters they contain. At least some of Brust's stuff would probably qualify. Anyone care to add them? Tamtrible (talk) 10:14, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Sure, done. —chaos5023 (talk) 15:26, 1 September 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Steven Brust


text:
East Burra

East Burra is one of the Scalloway Islands, a subgroup of the Shetland Islands in Scotland. It is connected by a bridge to West Burra.

With an area of 515 ha it is the twelfth largest of the Shetland Islands.

East Burra has a much smaller population than West Burra and no substantial settlement; rather, there are a few hamlets and a scattering of individual croft houses. It is known for its Neolithic remains including a burnt mound, and for sea caves. The roofless, plain, Old Haa (manor or laird's house) of Houss is a prominent feature. From Houss, it is possible to walk the two kilometres or so to the cliffs at the southern end of the island. From there, the island of South Havra, nowadays home only to sheep and seabirds, can be clearly seen.

East Burra is linked to the Shetland Mainland via West Burra and Trondra by a series of bridges.

Etymology
Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland suggests that the name "Burra" is a corruption of "Borgarey" (island of the broch), and while this is unlikely, and no broch is extant, the place name Brough, on West Burra lends some support to this case. However, the form used in the Orkneyinga saga is "Barrey".

title: East Burra


text:
User:2601:600:9980:FD0:68C4:D9E3:4864:925F/sandbox

There is also a page on the entire group called south Asian River dolphins which has both Indus and Ganges called REDIRECT to []

The Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) is a species of river dolphin hat lives in the Ganges rivers of south Asia. It is related to the much smaller Indus River Dolphin.

It was recognized as a separate species in the 70's. It is also known by the Name Susu.

Physical appearance
The Ganges River Dolphin has rectaguler ridge dorsal fin and females tend to be larger than males. Ganges River Dolphins usually have a Tan,Chocolate Brown or light blue. It has a large elongated beak with sharp and very pointy teeth like inmost river Dolphins. They have a large melon head used for echolocation because they can not see very well. There eyes are usually small due to the cloudy water. Ganges river Dolphins are usually 2.2-2.6 meters (7.7-8.5ft)

Behavior
The Ganges River Dolphins usually come in pairs or there just single and are not known to do acrobatic gestures near boats or when there distressed.Little is known about there behavior because there usually shy around boats and are hard to observe. They are known to breach however this is rare.

Distribution
Ganges River Dolphins are usally found in Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and the Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems. They also are found in a few other rivers. They are the National Aquatic animal of India.

Status
This animal is endangered due pollution and over fishing for their oil.

Popular culture
The Ganges river Dolphin does not appear a lot. It Now and then is featured in a documentary.


text:
Lateral mark

A lateral buoy, lateral post or lateral mark, as defined by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the edge of a channel.

Each mark indicates the edge of the safe water channel in terms of port (left-hand) or starboard (right-hand). These directions are relative to the direction of buoyage; this is usually a nominally upstream direction. In a river, the direction of buoyage is towards the river's source; in a harbour, the direction of buoyage is into the harbour from the sea. Where there may be doubt, it will be labelled on the appropriate chart. Often the cardinal mark system is used instead when confusion about the direction would be common.

A vessel heading in the direction of buoyage (e.g. into a harbour) and wishing to keep in the main channel should:
 * keep port marks to its port (left) side, and
 * keep starboard marks to its starboard (right) side.

IALA System
Marks are distinguished by their shape and colour, being red or green.

For historical reasons, two different schemes are in use worldwide, differing in their use of colour. Previously there had been 30 different buoyage systems, before IALA rationalised the system. In 1980 on a conference convened by IALA, they agreed to adopt the rules of a new combined system, which combined the previous two systems (A and B) into one system, with two regions (A and B).

The IALA defines them as Region A and Region B:

Region A

 * comprises Europe, Africa, and most of Asia and Oceania, as well as Greenland.
 * port marks are red and may have a red flashing light of any rhythm except 2+1.
 * starboard marks are green and may have a green flashing light of any rhythm except 2+1.

Region B

 * comprises the Americas, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, Hawaii, and Easter Island.
 * port marks are green and may have a green flashing light of any rhythm except 2+1
 * starboard marks are red and may have a red flashing light of any rhythm except 2+1

Both regions

 * port marks are square or have a flat top
 * starboard marks are conical (or present a triangular shape) or have a pointed top.

The shape is an important feature, as colours cannot be distinguished in some light conditions, or by persons with red-green colour blindness. Marks may also carry unique markings of letters and numbers; these may be used to identify the mark as one indicated on a nautical chart. Likewise, a mark's light may flash in a distinctive sequence for the same purpose.

When a channel divides, as for instance a channel to a smaller harbour off a main river, then a preferred channel or bifurcation mark is used. The mark has the same shape and main colour as a port- or starboard- hand mark for the main channel. It bears in addition a horizontal band with the appropriate colour for the smaller channel. For example: region A, main channel straight on, creek leading to marina to port. The buoy where the channels divide would be a red cylindrical can or pillar with a cylindrical top mark. Around the middle would be a green band. In IALA region B the shape would be identical, but the main colour would be green with a red band. See the buoy by the island in the diagram above.

In Region A only, the phrase "Is there any red port left?" (referring to the red colour of the fortified wine "port") may be used as a mnemonic, indicating that a red mark must be kept on the left when "returning" to (i.e., entering) a harbour or river.

In Region B only, the phrase "red right returning" may be used as a mnemonic, indicating that a red mark must be kept on the right when returning to (i.e., entering) a harbour or river.

title: Lateral mark


text:
Talk:White dwarf

Computational relations for white dwarfs
Given a mass (M/M๏) and an effective temperature (T), it is possible to determine the radius (R/R๏), the luminosity (L/L๏), and the age (t) for a carbon-oxygen core white dwarf.

The two quadratic equations and the line below comprise a good curve-fit for the white dwarf mass-radius relation from 0.25 to 1.41 solar masses.

If 0.25 ≤ M/M๏ < 0.45, then

R/R๏ = 0.07279307 (M/M๏)² − 0.0752974 (M/M๏) + 0.03327478

If 0.45 ≤ M/M๏ ≤ 1.2, then

R/R๏ = −0.010421 (M/M๏) + 0.018821

If 1.2 < M/M๏ ≤ 1.41, then

R/R๏ = −0.0814246 (M/M๏)² + 0.1899852 (M/M๏) − 0.1044496

Next, the luminosity of the white dwarf is found from the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

T๏ = 5784K

L/L๏ = (R/R๏)² (T/T๏)⁴

Finally, the age of the white dwarf, t, in years.

t = 10^[6.7 − (5/7) log(L/L๏)]

Observed white dwarf color temperatures are slightly affected by the gravitational red shift, which can be corrected spectroscopically. Also, if the apparent magnitude and the parallax (distance) of the white dwarf are accurately determined, the luminosity can be calculated without reference to the temperature.

It has been asked whether white dwarfs could be used as suns for artificial colonies in space. The answer is yes, barely. The problem is that the distance at which an orbiting space station would receive the same intensity of radiation that the Earth gets from the sun is usually very close to, or even within, the Roche limit of the white dwarf with respect to the space station (nominally assumed to have an average density of 100 kg m⁻³).

Beginning with the Stefan-Boltzman law again, and making the necessary substitutions, while assuming a subsolar temperature equal to that of Earth (393.6K), we find the nominal distance of the habitable zone:

rᵤ = 48977 t^(−0.7)

And for the Roche limit:

rᵥ = (5.22495e-12 AU/m) (M/ρᵥ)^(1/3)

where ρᵥ is the effective density of the space station, in kg m⁻³. M is the white dwarf's mass in kilograms. However, rᵥ and rᵤ are both returned in astronomical units.

An 0.5 solar mass white dwarf having an effective temperature of 6000K will have a radius of 0.0136105 solar radii, a luminosity of 2.1451e-4 L๏, and an age of 2.0912 billion years. It's habitable radius will be 0.014646 AU. It's Roche limit with respect to a (ρᵥ = 100 kg m⁻³) space station will be 0.011236 AU.

Most white dwarfs will be too massive or too old (i.e., too cool) for the habitable zone to exist in the conventional sense because it would occur inside the Roche limit.

versus Red and Brown flavors
I was curious as to the difference between Red dwarfs, Brown dwarfs and White dwarfs. Each of the three articles rarely or never mention the others, although it's natural to assume there's a similarity. From what I've read of the three:

• Red dwarfs are full-on stars, just small, maybe can't do helium fusion.

• Brown dwarfs are smaller still, can't even fuse hydrogen, but can participate in some lame fusion reactions, if they're lucky. Their surface temperatures range down to room temperature! Their sizes range down to gas giant planets.

• White dwarfs are supernova remnants; totally different from the other two. They often have surface temperatures comparable to stars (hence 'white') from residual heat; can't do fusion. If they get bigger, 1.44M☉, they become neutron stars (after maybe a supernova). (And neutron stars similarly become black holes beyond 3M☉.)

I'd prefer if a professional could supply and correct these guesses of mine in the article, maybe a separate section. Also the other two articles. OsamaBinLogin (talk) 20:35, 11 May 2022 (UTC)

 * White dwarfs are not supernova remnants, just the remnants of ordinary stars, although possibly supernova progenitors. See also black dwarf and blue dwarf.  Not sure we can explain every type of stellar object with "dwarf" in the name in every other article with "dwarf" in the name.  So long as each article is clear about what it is, that would hopefully be enough.  Perhaps best not to assume there is a similarity, certainly no similarity to green dwarf.  However, for an overview of the term "dwarf" when applied to stars and star-like objects, see dwarf star, perhaps something that could be linked from other articles more often.  Lithopsian (talk) 20:48, 11 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Couldn't find reference in Wikipedia to "green dwarf" referenced in your answer. Are you messing with us? If so, carry on...more power and so on....Makermark (talk) 21:44, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

Densest collections of matter
Aren't atomic nuclei also collections of matter surpassing the density of white dwarfs? 174.103.211.189 (talk) 23:08, 26 December 2023 (UTC)

 * The article doesn't say that white dwarfs are the densest collections of matter. The only reference to the word 'densest' is this sentence: 'White dwarfs are composed of one of the densest forms of matter known, surpassed only by other compact stars such as neutron stars, quark stars (hypothetical), and black holes.' And I think it's fine the way it is. Nuclei could arguably be considered a form of matter, but I think it's clear from the way it's phrased that they mean matter in the macroscopic sense of the word. MathewMunro (talk) 03:43, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's what I figured. 74.135.194.87 (talk) 18:28, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
I am reviewing this article as part of WP:URFA/2020, and initiative to evaluate older featured articles to ensure that they still meet the FA criteria. I have some concerns with this article:
 * There are numerous uncited passages, including whole sections at the end of the article.
 * The gallery at the end of the article should be evaluated. Can these been used in other sections of the article instead, or perhaps removed?
 * There are references that need to be properly formatted, especially the last three. Has anyone checked to ensure that they are high-quality sources?

Is anyone intersted in fixing up the article? If not, I will nominate this to WP:FAR in a couple of weeks. Z1720 (talk) 15:10, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Radiation and cooling:
The paragraph says that radiative heat transfer is low "because any absorption of a photon requires that an electron must transition to a higher empty state, which may not be possible as the energy of the photon may not be a match for the possible quantum states available to that electron" I don't think the lack of absorption is important, but the lack of emission is. If thermal radiation wouldbe emitted, the thermal energy would go somewhere. It would probably be absorbed in the outer layers, or be emitted, leading to fast cooling of the core. But I think in the same way as the lack of empty states prevents absorption, it is also preventing thermal excitation of electrons to energy levels from where they could emit radiation. Emilo Alberto (talk) 11:21, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:White dwarf


text:
Isle of Noss

The Isle of Noss or Noss (Noss) is a small, previously inhabited island in Shetland, Scotland. Noss is separated from the island of Bressay by the narrow Noss Sound. It has been run as a sheep farm since 1900, and has been a national nature reserve since 1955.

Noss is popular for wildlife tourism, and is linked to Bressay by a seasonal ferry service, run by the wildlife wardens using an inflatable boat. The ferry service brings around 1700 to the island each year, whilst total annual visitor numbers are thought to be around 5000 once those visiting on private and commercial boats are included. Attractions on Noss include a visitor centre, the Pony Pund built to breed Shetland ponies, the Holm of Noss rock and the Noup cliff.

Etymology
The name Noss comes from the Old Norse nǫs, meaning nose. The fact that the name given was nǫs and not nǫsøy (nose island) - as is the way most other islands of a similar size are named in Shetland - suggests that the island was originally a peninsula attached to the neighbouring Bressay, and that at some point between the arrival of the Vikings and the 16th century the isthmus joining it was washed away by the sea.

History
Noss had a population of 20 in 1851 but has had no permanent inhabitants since 1939. The main focus of settlement on Noss was around the low lying west side of the island at Gungstie (Old Norse: a landing place). Gungstie was built in the 1670s and is currently used by the seasonal wildlife wardens. Another settlement at Setter, on the south east of the island was inhabited until the 1870s and now lies derelict. Among the few families living on Noss were the Booth family headed by Joseph Booth (1765–1847). Genealogical records indicate that he was occupied as a farmer and fish curer. Records show that he was resident on Noss as early as 1834. The cliffs of the Noup of Noss (also known as the 'Great Wall of Noss') were first climbed by Jo Moran in 1963.

Flora and fauna
Noss was designated a national nature reserve in 1955, and is managed by NatureScot. The island is renowned for its seabird colonies and is one of the more accessible of the internationally important seabird colonies in the North Atlantic. The sandstone cliffs of Noss have weathered into a series of horizontal ledges making ideal breeding grounds for gannets, puffins, guillemots, shags, black-legged kittiwakes, razorbills, northern fulmars and great skuas. The species profile has changed considerably over the last 100 years, with dramatic increases in some species and population crashes in others. Four new species have begun to breed here (gannet, fulmar, great skua and storm petrel), however a further six species that were formerly recorded (lesser black-backed gull, common gull, tree sparrow, Eurasian whimbrel, peregrine falcon and white-tailed eagle) no longer breed at Noss. In total 201 bird species have been recorded: in addition to the many seabirds several species of waders also breed here, including dunlin, common snipe, oystercatcher and ringed plover. Other breeding bird species include skylark, meadow pipit, rock pipit and wheatear.

Otters are also frequently seen around the island, and grey and common seals are seen in small numbers. In total ten species of cetacean have been seen in the seas off Noss, of which the most commonly recorded is the harbour porpoise.

137 vascular plant species, 25 fungi and lichen species, 44 mosses and liverworts and 30 species of algae have been recorded at Noss. Two nationally scarce species of vascular plant, small adder's-tongue and northern knotgrass are found here, as is the nationally scarce lichen Lecanora straminea.

Conservation designations
The national nature reserve is classified as a Category IV protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Noss also holds other designations for its important wildlife being designated as a both a Special Protection Area (SPA) and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

title: Isle of Noss


text: User talk:80.110.170.155

title: User talk:80.110.170.155


text:
American Brahman

The Brahman is an American breed of zebuine-taurine hybrid beef cattle. It was bred in the United States from 1885 from cattle originating in India, imported at various times from the United Kingdom, India, and Brazil. These were mainly Gir, Guzerá and Nelore stock, with some Indu-Brasil, Krishna Valley and Ongole. The Brahman has a high tolerance of heat, sunlight and humidity, and good resistance to parasites. It has been exported to many countries, particularly in the tropics; in Australia it is the most numerous breed of cattle. It has been used in the creation of numerous taurine-indicine hybrids, some of which – such as the Brangus and Brahmousin – are established as separate breeds.

History
Zebuine (Asian humped) cattle were present in the United States from 1849, when a single bull of Indian origin was imported from the United Kingdom to South Carolina. In 1885 a pair of grey bulls was brought directly from India to Texas; one was large, weighing over, the other weighed little more than half that. Cross-breeding of these with local taurine cows was the first step in the creation of the Brahman breed. Other small groups of Indian cattle were imported up to about 1906, mostly to Texas; some of them were imported to be displayed as circus animals, and were later sold to ranchers. In 1924 and 1925 a total of 210 bulls and 18 cows of mainly zebuine-taurine hybrid Guzerá stock, but also including some Gir and Nelore, were brought from Brazil to the United States through Mexico.

A breed association, the American Brahman Breeders Association, was formed in 1924, and a herd-book was started. The name 'Brahman' was chosen by J. W. Sartwelle, secretary of the association. In 1939 the herd-book was closed, thereafter recording only the offspring of registered parents. The registration in 1946 of eighteen imported Brazilian bulls, mainly Indu-Brasil and Gir, was permitted, as were some later additions of imported stock. The association registered all American indicine cattle in the same herd-book until 1991, when herd-books for Gir, Guzerat, Indu-Brasil, Nelore and Tabapua were separated from that for the American Red and Grey Brahman.

Exports of cattle of this breed to Australia began in 1933 and continued until 1954, amounting to 49 head in all; by 1973 their offspring numbered more than $225,000$. Some further imports, numbering about 700 head in total, took place after 1981. By 1987 there were over a million in Queensland alone, and by the end of the century there were more of them in Australia than of any other breed, particularly in the tropical north of the country.

The Brahman is reported from fifty-five countries, in all inhabited continents, with an estimated world population of over 1.8 million head. Populations of over $100,000$ are reported by Argentina, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Mozambique and South Africa. No population data for the United States has been reported since 2014, when there were just under $9,500$ head.

Characteristics
The Brahman has good tolerance of heat and humidity, good resistance to insects, and good tolerance of poor feeding conditions. It has been found to do well in southern coastal areas of the United States. These characteristics may be transmitted to cross-breeds of Brahman with cattle of European origin, which can also benefit from heterosis ('hybrid vigor').

Use
The Brahman is reared for the meat industry, particularly in areas where good resistance to hot or tropical conditions is needed. As with other zebuine cattle, the meat is of lower quality than that of specialised European beef cattle breeds. For this reason it is commonly cross-bred with cattle of those breeds, either by raising hybrid calves born to pure-bred parents, or by creating a composite or hybrid breed, of which there are many. Some of them, such as the Brahmousin (Brahman x Limousin), Brangus (Brahman x Angus) and Simbrah (Brahman x Simmental) have acquired breed status in their own right, but many others have not. These include the Brahorn (Brahman x Shorthorn), the Bravon (Brahman x Devon) and South Bravon (Brahman x South Devon), the Bra-Swiss (Brahman x Brown Swiss), the Sabre (Brahman x Sussex) and the Braford (Brahman x Hereford).

In Oman and Fujairah, Brahman bulls are used in the traditional sport of bull-butting; they may be fed milk and honey to prepare them for the contest.

title: American Brahman