text:
Red Hill

Red Hill may refer to:

Australia

 * Red Hill, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane
 * Red Hill, Queensland (Western Downs Region), a locality
 * Red Hill, Victoria
 * Red Hill South, Victoria
 * Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory
 * Red Hill, Western Australia
 * Red Hill, Gulgong, New South Wales

Canada

 * Red Hill Valley, a valley in Hamilton, Ontario
 * Red Hill Creek, a creek in Hamilton, Ontario

Natural formations

 * Red Hill (salt making), an archaeological feature found in south-east England associated with ancient salt production
 * Red Hill, Hampshire, England
 * Red Hill, Lincolnshire, England, a Wildlife Trust nature reserve

Inhabited places

 * Red Hill, Bournemouth, England, a location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, Herefordshire, England, a place in Herefordshire
 * Red Hill, Kent, England, location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, Leicestershire, England, location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, London, a place near Chislehurst in the London Borough of Bromley
 * Red Hill, Pembrokeshire, Wales, a location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, Warwickshire, England, a location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, West Yorkshire, England, a location in the United Kingdom
 * Red Hill, Worcester, England

Natural formations

 * Red Hill (Merced County), a summit in the Diablo Range of California
 * Red Hill (Ulster County, New York), a mountain
 * Red Island Volcano, California
 * Red Hill shale, roadcut exposure in Catskill Formation, Pennsylvania

Inhabited places

 * A community in North Tustin, California
 * Red Hill, Indiana
 * Red Hill, Kentucky
 * Red Hill, New Jersey
 * Red Hill, Pennsylvania, in Montgomery County
 * Red Hill, Blair County, Pennsylvania
 * Red Hill, South Carolina
 * Red Hill, West Virginia

Other places in the United States

 * Red Hill (Bullock, North Carolina), an historic plantation
 * Red Hill, New Mexico, a ghost town
 * Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon AVA, Oregon wine region
 * Red Hill Fire Observation Station, a fire tower on top of Red Hill, New York
 * Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, plantation house and outbuilding in Charlotte County, Virginia on the National Register for Historic Places
 * Red Hill, Hawaiʻi, site of the US Navy Red Hill Underground Fuel Storage Facility
 * Red Hill Syenite, a geologic formation near Plymouth, New Hampshire

In other countries

 * Pukekiwiriki, a hill in the Auckland Region of New Zealand, also known as Red Hill
 * Red Hill (Hong Kong), a hill in Hong Kong. The Redhill Peninsula private housing estate is built on its slopes
 * Red Hill, New Zealand a suburb of Auckland in North Island of New Zealand
 * Marpo Ri, translated as Red Hill, the hill on which the Potala Palace stands in Lhasa, Tibet, China.

Entertainment

 * Red Hill (album), a 2014 album by Wadada Leo Smith, Jamie Saft, Joe Morris and Balázs Pándi
 * Red Hill (film), a 2010 Australian film
 * Red Hill (TV series), a 2018 Armenian television series
 * Red Hill Records, a former Christian record label

People

 * William "Red" Hill Sr. (1888–1942), Canadian daredevil and river rescuer in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada

Other uses

 * Red Hill water crisis, an environmental disaster originating from the Red Hill Underground Fuel Storage Facility in Hawaiʻi

title: Red Hill


text:
Northeast Asia

Northeast Asia or Northeastern Asia is a geographical subregion of Asia. Its northeastern landmass and islands are bounded by the Northern Pacific Ocean.

The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scientist Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" includes the Japanese Archipelago, the Korean Peninsula, the Mongolian Plateau, the Northeast China Plain, and the mountainous regions of the Russian Far East, stretching from the Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

Definitions
The definition of Northeast Asia is not static but often changes according to the context in which it is discussed.

The subregion of Northeast Asia is typically centered on Northeast China (Manchuria), usually also including the territory of Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and the Russian Far East. Parts or the whole of northern China are also frequently included in sources. The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia defines the region as China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia.

Prominent cities in this area include Busan, Changchun, Dalian, Harbin, Hiroshima, Incheon, Kitakyushu, Kobe, Kyoto, Nagasaki, Nagoya, Osaka, Pyongyang, Sapporo, Seoul, Shenyang, Tokyo, Ulaanbaatar, Vladivostok, and Yokohama.

Economy

Northeast Asia is one of the most important economic regions of the world, accounting for 25.3% of the world's nominal GDP in 2019, which is slightly larger than the United States. It is also one of the major political centers and has significant influence on international affairs. By the end of the 1990s, Northeast Asia had a share of 12% of the global energy consumption, with a strong increasing trend. By 2030, the major economic growth in the region is expected to double or triple this share.

Biogeography
In biogeography, Northeast Asia generally refers roughly to the area spanning the Japanese Archipelago, the Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, and the Russian Far East between Lake Baikal in southern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.

Northeast Asia is mainly covered by temperate forest, taiga, and the Eurasian Steppe, while tundra is found in the region's far north. Summer and winter temperatures are highly contrasted. It is also a mountainous area.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Northeast Asia


text:
User talk:MPerks899

This user has created the sock puppet users MPerks89 and User:Zzfly123. RickK | Talk 05:36, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I created the sock puppets because I forgot my password. But thanks for trying to keep everyone updated, Rick!

title: User talk:MPerks899


text:
Johnny Vegas

Michael Joseph Pennington (born 5 September 1970), better known as Johnny Vegas, is an English comedian, actor, writer, and director. He is known for his thick Lancashire accent, husky voice, angry comedic rants, and use of surreal humour.

Vegas' television roles have included Moz in the BBC Three dark comedy Ideal (2005–2011), Geoff Maltby ("The Oracle") in the ITV sitcom Benidorm (2007–2009, 2015–2017), and Eric Agnew in the BBC One sitcom Still Open All Hours (2013–2019). He has also been a regular guest panellist on the television comedy panel shows QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown.

Early life
Vegas was born Michael Joseph Pennington on 5 September 1970, in the Thatto Heath area of St Helens, Lancashire. He has an older sister and two older brothers, alongside whom he was brought up as Catholic. At the age of 11, he attended the boarding school and seminary St Joseph's College in Up Holland to train for the priesthood, but came back homesick after four terms.

Vegas earned a BA in Art and Ceramics from Middlesex University in the Hendon area of London, then returned to his home town and took various odd jobs; he worked in an Argos warehouse, sold boiler insurance door-to-door, packed bottles of Cif in a factory, and was a barman at a local pub. Between 1994 and 1997, he was a member of Cluub Zarathustra, a comedy performance group led by Stewart Lee, Roger Mann, and Simon Munnery.

Television and radio
In 1996, Vegas made his television debut as a contestant on Win, Lose or Draw in the UK under his real name, but made references to the fact he wanted to be a comedian and that his stage name was "Johnny Vegas". He featured on The Big Breakfast during the programme's final months before it ended in March 2002. His appearance was briefly shown during Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups and BBC Three's Almost Famous 2. Vegas gained a wider audience as a regular member of Shooting Stars. His character was a pitiable sort always nursing a pint of Guinness. In 2001 he appeared on the Weakest Link, in a comedians special and beat Barry Cryer to win the jackpot of £10,200.

In 2002, Vegas starred in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom Night Class, which he co-wrote with Tony Burgess and Tony Pitts, with Dirk Maggs as director. Vegas played a former Butlin's redcoat teaching evening classes in pottery. It was a runner-up for best comedy at the Sony Radio Academy Awards.

He starred in the BBC Three sitcom Ideal as Moz from 2005 to 2011.

In 2005 he played Krook in the BBC adaptation of Dickens' Bleak House.

Between 2007 and 2009, Vegas played Geoff Maltby, aka "The Oracle", in the ITV sitcom Benidorm and from 2015 to 2017.

In 2012, Vegas played the role of Mr. Croombe in a television adaptation of David Walliams' children's novel Mr Stink.

In 2014, Vegas voiced Fat Baz in the ITV4 animated sitcom Warren United.

In August 2014, Vegas took part in ITV's two-part documentary series Secrets from the Clink. In May 2013, Vegas played the role of Lord Ratspeaker in a BBC radio adaptation of Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere, adapted by Dirk Maggs.

Since 26 December 2013, Vegas has played Wet Eric Agnew in the revived BBC sitcom Still Open All Hours. Vegas has guest presented numerous episodes of Sunday Brunch for Channel 4.

In August 2015, he narrated the four-part series Travel Guides for ITV. In 2016, he took part in ITV's celebrity driving show Drive, hosted by Vernon Kay.

In August 2016, Vegas starred in a one-off comedy pilot called Home From Home, playing the lead role of Neil Hackett. Filmed at Skiddaw View Holiday Park, the episode aired on BBC Two on 30 August 2016. In December 2016 it was announced that Home From Home had been commissioned for a full series to air on BBC One in 2018.

Beginning in September 2019, Vegas has starred as the voice of the title character in the surreal children's animated series The Rubbish World of Dave Spud.

He is a regular panellist on the quiz show QI, having starred in 12 episodes as of 2019.

He has appeared as a guest panellist and team captain on Channel 4's 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown, appearing in 11 episodes. On 9 September 2017 he gained critical acclaim for his long poem about a drunk patron during last calls before bars closing.

In 2023 it was announced that Vegas would be the director for a new audio series of The Wombles for BBC Radio 4, with Richard E. Grant as voice actor.

Film
In 2003, Vegas played Jackie Symes in the film The Virgin of Liverpool, Alf Prince in the film Cheeky and Trevor in the film Blackball. In 2004, he played Dave in the film Sex Lives of the Potato Men and voiced Uncle Stewart in the film Terkel in Trouble. In 2013, Vegas was the voice of Abu the hamster in the British film The Harry Hill Movie.

Vegas provided the voice for Asbo in the 2018 Aardman Animations film Early Man.

Other projects
Vegas appeared in Joe Orton's The Erpingham Camp at the 2000 Edinburgh Festival. In 2001, Vegas starred as Al in adverts for ITV Digital with a puppet named Monkey (voiced by Ben Miller). In 2007, he reprised the role in adverts for PG Tips tea.

Having achieved fame in entertainment, Vegas received plaudits for his ceramic work. Ceramic Review praised him, leading to a role in Pot Shots (collaborating with Roger Law), a film made for an international gathering of potters. This led to his work being acquired for a collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum and a commission from Old Spice to design a bottle for their aftershave.

In 2014, he directed a music video for Paul Heaton and Jacqui Abbott. That year he also published his autobiography.

In May 2017, it was announced Vegas would be starring in new comedy feature Eaten by Lions opposite Antonio Aakeel and Jack Carroll, directed by Jason Wingard.

Personal life
In August 2002, Vegas married Catherine "Kitty" Donnelly; in a satire of celebrities selling exclusive pictures of their weddings to publications for high prices, he sold pictures of the ceremony to the adult comic Viz for £1. They separated in late-2006 and divorced in 2008. They have one child together. In April 2011, he married Irish television presenter Maïa Dunphy in Seville. In January 2015, they announced that they were expecting their first child together. They separated in late-2017, reconciled in November 2018, and separated again some time before April 2020.

Vegas continues to live in his home town of St Helens, and has been outspoken about the pride he takes in it; he is well known for being active in supporting the local community. He fulfilled a lifetime ambition by appearing for St Helens RFC in Keiron Cunningham's testimonial rugby league game, a friendly against Hull FC, in 2005.

In December 2012, Vegas said that he had recently returned to the Roman Catholic faith in which his parents brought him up, and credited the faith for his good upbringing.

In July 2014, Vegas was made an Honorary Doctor of Literature (HonDLitt) by Edge Hill University.

Vegas is a supporter of the Labour Party and has spoken about his appreciation for the NHS.

title: Johnny Vegas


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Barrie School

Barrie School is a progressive independent school for students age 12 months through Grade 12 located in an unincorporated area of Montgomery County, Maryland, outside of Washington, D.C. The school is within the Glenmont census designated place, has a Silver Spring postal address, and is in close proximity to Layhill. Barrie School is a nonprofit school with 501(c)(3) status.

Barrie School has three divisions located on the same campus. The Lower School, which serves children from age 12 months through fifth grade, is Montessori-based. The Middle and Upper School uses a project-based curriculum. The campus has several buildings, a pool, and two ponds. Barrie School's equestrian program closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the horses and ponies were re-homed.

Founding in Mount Pleasant
The school was founded in 1932 by Frances Littman Seldin as a preschool called the Peter Pan School, located at 1604 Park Road NW in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of the District of Columbia. A native of New York, Seldin was a graduate of Columbia University and a member of the Naturalist Hiking Club.

Move to Takoma
The school moved to 801 Fern Street NW in the Takoma neighborhood in 1939. A zoning variance to establish a school in the residential neighborhood, which was opposed by the Takoma Park Citizens Association, was granted by the District of Columbia Board of Zoning Adjustment. The new location was a 17 acre urban campus. The name was changed to Barrie School when upper grade classes were added, memorializing author J. M. Barrie, creator of the Peter Pan story.

Barrie was described by Mrs. Seldin as a progressive country day school, directly influenced by the work of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, Alfred Adler, and Anna Freud. It was an anomaly among private schools in Washington, D.C., for much of its history because of Mrs. Seldin's then-controversial beliefs about integration, creating a socioeconomically diverse population, and her decision to offer a year-round program and extended hours to serve working parents. Although the name Montessori was rarely used in describing Barrie School during those years, the program was heavily influenced by Maria Montessori's philosophy and program, including practical life, integrated learning and project-based collaborative learning, multiple age class groups, and a culture of partnership between students, parents, and staff.

Move to Montgomery County
In the 1950s, Mrs. Seldin purchased a 45 acre country estate on Layhill Road in rural Montgomery County, Maryland. The school began operating there in 1958. The new site was added to continue the school's mission of teaching in a natural setting. Barrie Camp moved to the property. In 1976, the Fern Place campus was closed and the remaining Middle and Lower School classes were moved to the Layhill Road property, with room for 265 students.

The Upper School (Grades 9–12) was closed from 1974 through 1982 as a result of Ms. Seldin's death and the need to sell the Fern Place campus to cover estate taxes, and a building moratorium imposed on new construction in Montgomery County during that period that created a cap on enrollment at the Layhill Road campus.

The high school was reopened in 1982 in time for the 50th anniversary of Barrie School's founding, which was celebrated with the reopening of the Upper School in the former Argyle Junior High School building on Bel Pre Road. That year, Barrie's Upper School was formally recognized by the American Montessori Society as the first Montessori High School in the United States. In that year the Barrie Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies was authorized by the American Montessori Society and Maryland State Commission of Higher Education to offer the first formal teacher preparation for secondary Montessori educators (ages 12–18).

Classes were held until new buildings on the Layhill Road campus were completed in the summer of 1991, bringing the Primary, Lower and Upper Elementary, Middle, and Upper School students together on one campus again.

Barrie Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies
In 1980, the Barrie Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies, offering graduate-level teacher education programs, was founded on Barrie School's Layhill Road campus to provide bridge between the traditional and Montessori schools of education. The training programs have been completed by individuals from the United States, Canada, Trinidad, China, and South Korea.

Alumni
William C. Smith: Maryland Senate Officer

title: Barrie School


text:
Patrol boat

A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement. There are many designs for patrol boats, and they generally range in size. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police, or customs, and may be intended for marine ("blue water"), estuarine ("green water"), or river ("brown water") environments.

Per their name, patrol boats are primarily used to patrol a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but they may also be used in other roles, such as anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fishery patrols, immigration law enforcement, or search and rescue. Depending on the size, organization, and capabilities of a nation's armed forces, the importance of patrol boats may range from minor support vessels that are part of a coast guard, to flagships that make up a majority of a navy's fleet. Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common naval vessels in the world.

Classification
The classification of a patrol boat is often subjective, but they are generally small naval vessels that are used to patrol national waters or a certain jurisdiction. They may be as large as a corvette or even a frigate, though the term may also be used for vessels as small as a yacht or rigid inflatable boat. They can include fast attack craft, torpedo boats, and missile boats. They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) or offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). OPVs and medium size cutters are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that are large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean, while IPVs are typically too small to do so and are instead kept in lakes or rivers, or close to coasts; IPVs specifically used in rivers can also be called "riverine patrol vessels". Large patrol vessels, Heavy patrol vessels and Large cutters are the largest type of patrol ships and are typically more than 100 m (330 ft) in length.

Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns, while others include the sophisticated close-in weapon system. Depending on their role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, and surface-to-air missiles.

History

During both World Wars, in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolete naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats.

The United States Navy operated the Pegasus-class hydrofoil of armed hydrofoils for years in a patrol boat role. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Navy ordered 193 aluminum hulled Patrol Craft, Fast (PCFs),  also known as Swiftboats, for brown water naval operations. The Patrol Boat, River (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") was a fiberglass hulled vessel also designed and used for inland river operations during the Vietnam War, and became an icon of water operations during the war due to its use in the 1979 film Apocalypse Now.

Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the 25 – range. The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in a navy, though some smaller navies are mostly composed of just patrol boats.

Albanian Naval Force

 * Iliria-class patrol vessel

Algerian National Navy

 * Kebir-class
 * Alusafe 2000
 * Ocea FPB98 MKI

Argentine Naval Prefecture

 * Mantilla-class patrol vessel
 * Z-28-class patrol vessel
 * Shaldag-class patrol boat

Argentine Navy

 * Gowind-class vessel
 * Murature-class vessel
 * Intrépida-class boat
 * Zurubí-class patrol boat
 * Baradero class patrol boat
 * Punta Mogotes class patrol boat

Royal Australian Navy

 * Attack-class patrol boat (1967–1985)
 * Fremantle-class patrol boat (1979–2007)
 * Armidale-class patrol boat (2005–present)
 * Arafura-class offshore patrol vessel – lead ship expected to enter service in 2022

Australian Border Force Marine Unit

 * Bay-class patrol boat (1999–present)
 * Australian Customs Vessel Triton (2000–2016)
 * Cape-class patrol boat (2013–present) – replaced all but two of the Bay-class which underwent a life extension

Others

 * Pacific-class patrol boat (1987–2023) – Australian-built, gifted by the Australian Government to 12 Pacific Island countries (RMIS Lomor appears to be the last boat in service as of November 2022)
 * Guardian-class patrol boat (2018–present) – Australian-built replacements for the Pacific-class patrol boat, gifted to the same 12 Pacific Island nations and Timor-Leste

Royal Bahamas Defence Force

 * Bahamas-class patrol vessel
 * Legend-class patrol vessel
 * Floral-class patrol vessel

Royal Bahrain Naval Force
35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, Commissioned in 2021

Bangladesh
The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as large patrol craft (LPC) which are armed with either anti-ship missiles or torpedoes. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs.

Bangladesh Navy

 * Large patrol craft
 * Durjoy-class patrol craft
 * BNS Madhumati
 * Offshore patrol vessel
 * Island-class patrol vessel
 * ARES 150
 * Inshore patrol vessel
 * Padma-class patrol vessel
 * Meghna-class patrol vessel
 * ASW patrol boat
 * Kraljevica class
 * Haizhui class
 * Hainan class
 * Patrol gunboat
 * Chamsuri-class patrol boat

Bangladesh Coast Guard

 * Offshore patrol vessel
 * Leader class
 * Inshore patrol vessel
 * Padma-class patrol vessel
 * Sobuj Bangla-class patrol craft
 * Ruposhi Bangla-class patrol craft
 * Apurbo Bangla-class patrol craft
 * Fast patrol vessel
 * Kutubdia-class patrol vessel
 * Porte Grande-class patrol vessel
 * Coastal patrol vessel
 * Tawfique class (former PLAN Shanghai II class)
 * Riverine patrol craft
 * Pabna-class patrol craft

Border Guard Bangladesh

 * Patrol vessel
 * Shah Jalal class

Barbados Coast Guard

 * HMBS Leonard C Banfield
 * HMBS Rudyard Lewis
 * HMBS Trident

Belgium

 * Castor (2014–present)
 * Pollux (2015–present)

Brazil

 * Grajaú-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Bracuí-class patrol vessel – ex-River-class minesweeper
 * Imperial Marinheiro-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Piratini-class patrol vessel
 * J-class patrol vessel
 * Roraima-class river patrol vessel
 * Pedro Teixeira-class river patrol vessel
 * Macaé-class patrol vessel offshore patrol vessel
 * Amazonas-class corvette

Brunei

 * Darussalam-class offshore patrol vessel offshore patrol vessel
 * Ijtihad-class patrol boat patrol vessel
 * KH 27-class patrol boat
 * FDB 512-class patrol boat
 * Bendaharu-class patrol vessel
 * Perwira-class patrol vessel
 * Saleha-class patrol vessel
 * Pahlawan-class patrol vessel

Bulgaria

 * Obzor

Royal Canadian Navy

 * Kingston-class coastal defence vessel (1996–present)
 * Orca-class patrol vessel (2006–present)
 * Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel (2016–present) – Icebreakers based on the Norwegian NOCGV Svalbard

Canadian Coast Guard

 * Hero-class patrol vessel

Cape Verdean Coast Guard

 * Kondor-class
 * Guardiao (P511)

Chilean Navy

 * Pillán-class patrol craft (1979/1980–2001/2002)
 * Maule-class patrol craft (1982–2014?)
 * Dabur-class patrol boat (1990–present)
 * Taitao-class large patrol craft (1993–present)
 * Rodman 890-class patrol boat (1996–2017/2020)
 * Protector-class patrol craft (1999–present)
 * Defender-class boat (2007–present)
 * OPV-80-class offshore patrol vessel (2007–present)
 * Archangel-class boat (2008–present)

People's Liberation Army Navy

 * Harbour security boat (PBI) – four newly built 80-ton class harbour security / patrol boats, and more are planned in order to take over the port security / patrol duties currently performed by the obsolete Shantou, Beihai, Huangpu, and Yulin-class gunboats, which are increasingly being converted to inshore surveying boats and range support boats
 * Shanghai III (Type 062I)-class gunboat – 2
 * Shanghai II-class gunboat
 * Shanghai I (Type 062)-class gunboat – 150+ active and at least 100 in reserve
 * Huludao (Type 206)-class gunboat – 8+
 * Shantou-class gunboat – less than 25 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
 * Beihai-class gunboat – less than 30 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
 * Huangpu-class gunboat – less than 15 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
 * Yulin-class gunboat – less than 40 (being transferred to logistic duties)

China Coast Guard

 * Haixun-class cutter (Type 718)

Colombian Navy

 * Diligente-class patrol boat
 * Nodriza-class patrol boat
 * PAF-I-class patrol boat
 * PAF-II-class patrol boat
 * PAF-III-class patrol boat
 * PAF-IV-class patrol boat
 * Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
 * Riohacha-class gunboat
 * Fassmer-80 class – built in Colombia by COTECMAR

Croatia

 * Šolta (OB-02)
 * Omiš (OB-31)

Royal Danish Navy

 * Knud Rasmussen-class patrol vessel OPV – 3 vessels
 * Diana-class patrol vessel IPV – 6 vessels
 * Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel patrol vessel
 * Thetis-class patrol vessel OPV – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)
 * Agdlek-class cutter IPV – 3 vessels
 * Barsø-class patrol vessel IPV – 9 vessels (in Danish)
 * Hvidbjørnen-class OPV (link in Danish) – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)

Ecuadorian Navy

 * Damen Stan Patrol 5009

Egyptian Navy

 * 35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships

Eritrean Navy

 * Eritrea-class 60m patrol vessel

Others

 * Protector-class patrol boat

Finnish Navy

 * Kiisla-class patrol boat – formerly Finnish Border Guard, now Finnish Navy
 * VMV-class patrol boat

Finnish Border Guard

 * VL Turva – an offshore patrol vessel built at STX Finland Rauma shipyard in 2014

French Navy

 * D'Estienne d'Orves-class
 * Félix Eboué-class
 * Confiance-class
 * Flamant-class patrol vessel
 * P400-class

Maritime Gendarmerie

 * Trident-class patrol boat
 * Géranium-class patrol boat
 * Jonquille-class patrol boat
 * Vedette-class patrol boat
 * Pétulante-class patrol craft
 * Pavois-class patrol craft

Germany

 * Potsdam class (2019–present)
 * Bad Bramstedt-class patrol vessel (2002–present)
 * Helgoland class (2009–present)
 * PA-class patrol ships (Germany) (1943–1945)
 * R boats (1929–1945)
 * Type 139 patrol trawler (1956 to mid-1970s)

Hellenic Navy

 * Osprey 55-class gunboats and derivatives HSY-55-class gunboat and Osprey HSY-56A-class gunboat
 * Asheville-class gunboats
 * Nasty-class coastal patrol vessels – formerly torpedo boats
 * Esterel-class coastal patrol vessels

Hellenic Coast Guard

 * Sa'ar 4-class missile boat – acting as offshore patrol vessels (OPV)
 * Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
 * Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
 * Abeking & Rasmussen patrol vessels – class Dilos
 * POB-24G patrol vessels – class Faiakas
 * CB90-HCG
 * Lambro 57 and derivatives – all being boats for coastal patrols

Honduran Navy

 * Damen Stan Patrol 4207

Hong Kong Police Force

 * Sea Panther-class large command boat

Icelandic Coast Guard

 * ICGV Týr
 * ICGV Óðinn
 * ICGV Þór
 * ICGV Ægir
 * ICGV Freyja

Indian Navy

 * Bangaram-class patrol vessel
 * Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel
 * Saryu-class patrol vessel
 * Sukanya-class patrol vessel
 * Trinkat-class patrol vessel

Indian Coast Guard

 * Aadesh-class patrol vessel
 * Rajshree-class patrol vessel
 * Rani Abbakka-class patrol vessel
 * Samar-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Samarth-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Sankalp-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Sarojini Naidu-class patrol vessel
 * Tara Bai-class patrol vessel
 * Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Vishwast-class offshore patrol vessel

Indonesia

 * FPB 28, Indonesian Police and Indonesian Customs, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
 * FPB 38, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
 * FPB 57, Indonesian Navy, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by Lurssen and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
 * PC-40, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
 * PC-60 trimaran, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
 * OPV 80 - 80 meter long, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
 * OPV 110 (Tanjung Datu-class) - 110 meter long, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard

Iraqi Navy
35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, during the period 2010 - 2014

Ireland
List of Irish Naval Service vessels;
 * Emer-class offshore patrol vessel Offshore Patrol Vessels
 * LÉ Deirdre (1972–2001)
 * LÉ Emer (1978–2013)
 * LÉ Aoife (1979–2015)
 * LÉ Aisling (1980–2016)
 * Eithne-class helicopter patrol vessel Helicopter Patrol Vessel
 * LÉ Eithne (1984–2022)
 * Peacock-class corvette Coastal Patrol Vessels
 * LÉ Orla (1984–2022)
 * LÉ Ciara (1985–2022)
 * Róisín-class patrol vessel Offshore Patrol Vessels
 * LÉ Róisín (1999–present)
 * LÉ Niamh (2001–present)
 * Samuel Beckett-class offshore patrol vessel Offshore Patrol Vessels
 * LÉ Samuel Beckett (2014–present)
 * LÉ James Joyce (2015–present)
 * LÉ William Butler Yeats (2016–present)
 * LÉ George Bernard Shaw (2018–present)

Israel

 * Dabur-class patrol boats
 * Dvora class fast patrol boat
 * Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boats
 * Super Dvora Mk III-class patrol boat
 * Shaldag-class patrol boats
 * Shaldag Mk II
 * Nachshol-class patrol boats (Stingray Interceptor-2000)

Italy

 * Zara class, (Italian Guardia di Finanza)
 * Saettia class, (Italian Coast Guard)
 * Diciotti – CP 902 class, (Italian Coast Guard)
 * Dattilo-class offshore patrol vessel, (Italian Coast Guard)
 * Cassiopea-class patrol vessel, (Italian Marina Militare)
 * Cassiopea II class, (Italian Marina Militare)
 * Esploratore class, (Italian Marina Militare)
 * Comandanti-class patrol vessel, (Italian Marina Militare)

JDF Coast Guard

 * County-class patrol vessel

Japan

 * JAPANESE PATROL VESSEL Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the 2nd largest patrol boat
 * Mizuho-class patrol vessel (Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
 * Tsugaru-class patrol vessel (Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
 * Hida-class patrol vessel (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel with helicopter deck
 * Kunigami-class patrol vessel (Kunisaki class)
 * Iwami-class patrol vessel
 * Hateruma-class patrol vessel
 * Aso-class patrol vessel (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel
 * Amami-class patrol vessel (Japan Coast Guard), medium-sized patrol vessel
 * Hayabusa-class patrol boat (JMSDF, Japanese Navy), corvette type patrol vessel
 * Sōya, (Japan Coast Guard), icebreaker
 * Next-Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) program (JMSDF, Japanese Navy)

Latvia

 * Skrunda class, world's first SWATH patrol boat (Latvian Naval Forces)

Malaysia

 * Kedah class offshore patrol vessel, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
 * Keris-class littoral mission ship,(Royal Malaysian Navy)
 * Gagah Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Ramunia Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Nusa Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Sipadan Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Rhu Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Pengawal Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Peninjau Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Pelindung Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Semilang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Penggalang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Penyelamat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Pengaman Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Kilat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Malawali Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
 * Langkawi Class Patrol Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

Malta

 * Protector class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2002–present
 * Diciotti class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2005–present
 * P21 class inshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2010–present
 * Emer class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2015–present

Mexican Navy

 * Coastal patrol boat
 * Azteca-class patrol vessel
 * Tenochtitlan-class patrol vessel
 * Offshore patrol vessel
 * Durango-class patrol vessel
 * Holzinger-class patrol vessel
 * Oaxaca-class patrol vessel
 * Uribe-class patrol vessel

Montenegro

 * Kotor class frigate

Morocco

 * OPV-70 class, offshore patrol vessel (Royal Moroccan Navy)
 * OPV-64 class, offshore patrol vessel (Royal Moroccan Navy)

Namibia

 * Grajaú-class offshore patrol vessel

Royal Netherlands Navy

 * Holland class offshore patrol vessels

Netherlands Coastguard

 * Visarend
 * Zeearend
 * Barend Biesheuvel

Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard

 * Damen Stan Patrol 4100

New Zealand

 * Protector OPV (Royal New Zealand Navy) (2008)
 * Lake-class inshore patrol vessel (Royal New Zealand Navy) (2008)
 * Moa-class patrol boat (Royal New Zealand Navy)(1983–2008)

Nicaraguan Navy

 * County-class patrol vessel

Royal Norwegian Navy

 * Rapp-class
 * Tjeld-class
 * Storm-class
 * Snøgg-class
 * Hauk-class
 * Skjold-class

Norwegian Coast Guard

 * Barentshav class OPV
 * Harstad class OPV
 * Nordkapp class OPV
 * Nornen class
 * Svalbard class icebreaker
 * Jan Mayen-class - Planned replacement for the Nordkapp-class

Peru

 * Río Zarumilla class, Peruvian Coast Guard
 * Rio Cañete class, Peruvian Coast Guard

Philippine Navy

 * Jose Andrada class
 * Alberto Navarette-class
 * Nestor Acero-class FAIC
 * Malvar-class patrol vessel
 * Jacinto-class patrol vessel
 * HDP-2200 offshore patrol vessel (on order)
 * Gregorio del Pilar-class

Philippine Coast Guard

 * Boracay-class patrol boat
 * Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat
 * Parola-class patrol vessel
 * San Juan-class patrol vessel
 * Gabriela Silang-class offshore patrol vessel
 * Teresa Magbanua-class patrol vessel

Portuguese Navy

 * Viana do Castelo class
 * Tejo-class
 * Centauro-class
 * Argos-class
 * Rio Minho-class
 * Cacine-class

Maritime Police

 * Bolina-class
 * Levante-class
 * Tufão-class
 * Calmaria-class

National Republican Guard

 * Bojador-class
 * Ribamar-class
 * Zodíaco-class
 * Mar Creta-class

Qatari Emiri Navy

 * Musherib class

Qatari Ministry of Interior

 * ARES 75
 * ARES 110
 * ARES 150

Romania

 * SNR-17 class patrol boats, Romanian Border Police
 * Stefan Cel Mare patrol vessel, Romanian Border Police

Russia

 * Stenka class patrol boat (Project 02059), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
 * Bogomol Class patrol boat (Project 02065), Russian Navy
 * Mirage class patrol vessel (Project 14310), Russian Coast Guard
 * Svetlyak class patrol boat (Project 10410), Russian Coast Guard
 * Ogonek class patrol boat (Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
 * Mangust class patrol boat (Project 12150, Russian Coast Guard
 * Sobol class patrol boat (Project 12200), Russian Coast Guard
 * Terrier class patrol boat (Project 14170), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
 * Rubin class patrol boat (Project 22460), Russian Coast Guard
 * Okean class patrol vessel (Project 22100), Russian Coast Guard
 * Vosh class river patrol craft (Project 12481), Russian Coast Guard
 * Piyavka class river patrol craft (Project 1249), Russian Coast Guard
 * Ogonek class river patrol craft (Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
 * Project 22160 patrol ship, Russian Navy large patrol boat

Senegal

 * Fouladou (OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
 * Kedougou (OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
 * Ferlo (RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
 * Conejera (Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
 * Fouta (Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
 * Njambuur (PR 72), Senegalese Navy

Singapore

 * Fearless-class patrol vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy
 * PK class Interceptor Craft, Police Coast Guard
 * 1st Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
 * 2nd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
 * 3rd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
 * 4th Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
 * PC class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
 * Swift-class coastal patrol craft
 * Independence-class littoral mission vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy

Slovenia

 * Slovenian patrol boat Triglav

South Africa

 * Warrior class (modified Saar 4 Open Sea Patrol Vessels)
 * Namacurra class

South Korea (ROK)

 * Chamsuri-class (Republic of Korea Navy)
 * Yoon Youngha-class patrol vessel

Spain

 * Meteoro class
 * Descubierta class
 * Serviola class
 * Anaga class
 * Barceló class
 * Toralla class
 * Conejera class
 * Chilreu class
 * P111 class patrol boat
 * Cabo Fradera class

Sri Lanka

 * Jayasagara  class (Sri Lanka Navy)
 * Colombo class (Sri Lanka Navy)

Suriname

 * Ocea Type FPB 98 class fast patrol boat
 * Ocea Type FPB 72 class fast patrol boat

Sweden

 * Hugin-class (based on the Norwegian Storm-class, decommissioned) – 16 ships
 * Kaparen-class (Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) – 8 ships
 * Stockholm-class (commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) – 2 ships
 * HMS Carlskrona (commissioned as minelayer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)

Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):
 * Typ 60-class (decommissioned) – 17 ships
 * Tapper class – 12 ships

The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.

Republic of China Navy

 * Ching Chiang-class
 * Ching Chiang-class

Coast Guard Administration

 * Anping-class offshore patrol vessel

Thailand

 * Pattani class (Royal Thai Navy)
 * River class (Royal Thai Navy)
 * T.991 class (Royal Thai Navy)
 * krabi class (Royal Thai Navy)

Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard

 * Damen Stan Patrol 5009

Turkish Naval Forces

 * Kılıç II class
 * Kılıç I class
 * Yıldız class
 * Rüzgar class
 * Doğan class
 * Kartal class
 * Türk class
 * Tuzla class

Coast Guard Command

 * KAAN 15 class
 * KAAN 19 class
 * KAAN 29 class
 * KAAN 33 class
 * SAR 33 class
 * SAR 35 class
 * 80 class
 * Corvette

United Kingdom

 * Kingfisher-class patrol vessel of 1935
 * Motor Launch of World War II
 * Harbour Defence Motor Launch of World War II
 * Bird class patrol vessel
 * Ford-class seaward defence boat
 * River class patrol vessel
 * Castle class patrol vessel
 * Archer class patrol vessel
 * Island class patrol vessel
 * Scimitar class patrol vessel
 * UKBF 42m Customs Cutter
 * Cutlass-class patrol vessel with the Gibraltar Squadron from 2022

United States Navy

 * Combatant Craft Medium - (2015–present)
 * Cyclone-class patrol ship - (1993–2022)
 * Mark VI patrol boat - US Navy (2016–present)

United States Coast Guard

 * Cyclone-class patrol ship - (2000–2011) - four boats were transferred to the Coast Guard for a temporary loan, three (2004–2011) have since been returned, while the fourth (2000–2004) was donated to the Philippine Navy
 * Marine Protector-class patrol boat – (1998–present)
 * Island-class patrol boat – (1985–present)
 * Sentinel-class cutter – (2012–present)

Venezuela

 * VENEZUELAN PATROL BOAT Naiguatá (GC-23)

Vietnam

 * Type TT-120 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
 * Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
 * Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
 * DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard

title: Patrol boat


text:
Talk:List of placental mammals

Reorganization
This really should be reorganized phylogenetically. Even if Wikipedia doesn't have a "List of members of cetiartiodactyla", it is Wikipedia's responsibility as an encyclopedia to at least display the information in the most complete and correct way. As it is, its just a mishmash of names. A seperate but related proposition is that we reorganize the names to comply with most recent phylogenetic studies, such as Benton, 2005; Pough et. al 2004; Flynn et. al 1998; Arnason et. al 2002; Feldhamer et al. 2007; Gatesy et. al 2001; Szalay et. al 1993; Roca et. al 2004; Matthee et. al. 2001; Milinkovitch et. al 1994; Wiens et. al 2008; and the Tree of Life. Tigerhawkvok (talk) 09:13, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Headings
All of these headings need to be demoted one level. RickK | Talk 05:47, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Done. WormRunner | Talk 06:20, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Others?
Whats with the "other" catagory? Bensaccount 04:39, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * When I started working on this page it was a random mish-mash of mammals ranging from common names for orders (Bat) to species (Lion), in alphabetical order. I decided that a list of all living and recently extinct mammals in taxonomic order would be good thing for wikipedia and that it should be in this article. Rather than delete the previous list, I started on one order, Carnivora, and listed every species in it, lifting those species which were already listed out of the list. (If you look in the history, for a long while there was a category of "Other Carnivores".) My plan was to work my way through all of the orders lifting the animals out of the original list as came to its order.  The portion of the list I hadn't gotten to was relegated to the "Other Mammals" category. It would eventually go away.  I have decided, however, to sort the remainder by Order and do away with the "Other" category. It may take a few days to do this.Dsmdgold 04:51, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm done with that - "Other" is gone.

Goal/completion
So what's the goal or completion agenda for this article? Have a list of every species? List some species, some genera? Lump some genera into families, list some species? It seems to be a mish-mash of stuff. I could quickly (5-10 minutes) have every Primate species included. And then also the Cetaceans. (Primates and Cetaceans have WikiProjects.) Would that be good or bad? What would be helpful to building this article? - UtherSRG 16:15, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * This list IS a mish-mash of stuff. That's how I found it. My goal is to list all of the recent mammalian species, in taxonomical order. I also want to be fairly consistent on the taxonomic system I am using. For the taxonomy I am following that of the International Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.usda.gov).  However, since the ITIS lists all of its taxons in alphabetical, rather than taxonomic order, I am using Walker's Mammals of the World (www.press.jhu.edu/books/walkers_mammals_of_the_world/w-contents.html) for the taxonomical order. Not the best system, but these are well-respected sources, that are available on the web.  Adding in Primates and Cetaceans would be usefull. (adding in Rodents would be good too.)  Eventually this article will have to be split into multiple articles, as there are 4000 some odd recent species. Dsmdgold 05:42, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah ha! You've fallen into my trap of logic! *grins* If we add all the species, we'll then later split up the list. The species would be added from the existing already split up pages, such as those linked off of Primates. So what's the point to this list? Mammal already points to all the different mammalian orders. Each of those pages links down to family and genus pages which list all their relavant species. Why collect them all here, especially if we'd then split up this page into several pages? I think a better effort would be to complete the existing order and family pages so that they are as informative as possible. - UtherSRG 13:40, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, but I don't want to do that. I want to do this. This article existed. It sucked. I am improving it.  When I get done doing that, I will move on to something else. Perhaps you will approve of that project. Dsmdgold 03:37, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Why only living species? I think there's a crying need for a complete list of extinct mammals (one of the best things of my site, I think ;-)). Ucucha See Mammal Taxonomy 14:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess the primary reason that I have only been listing recent species is that that is what my sources do. We do have species listed that have gone extinct in historic times (e.g. Falkland Island fox), but not species and other taxons that existed in the far past.  I agree that it would be a good thing for wikipedia to have a listing of extinct mammals, including those who went extinct pre-historically, although I'm not sure that this would be the best place for that listing. We do have List of extinct mammals which need a great deal of work. Dsmdgold 16:11, May 8, 2005 (UTC)

Department of Redundancy Department
Is it really necessary to have both the common name and the scientific name set up as links on the same page? Since both names refer to exactly the same animal, won't one of them end up as a redirect to the other anyway? (See pink fairy armadillo, for example.) A. J. A. DeWitt 00:40, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * In the long run, it probally is not necessary to have both names be links. When I started revamping this page, I didn't have both as links.  I started putting in links for the scientific name, when I realized that there were articles for some of the animals in question using different common names than the one my sources used.  I thought that the existance of a re-direct link from the scientifc name would clue me in to a different common name, after all, no one would create an article on an animal and not create the redirect, right?  It hasn't worked out that way.  It turns out that the link from the scientific name usually tells me that we are missing the redirect.  I suppose that once article and redirects exist for all of the species, it would be best to get rid of the redunant  links.  Until then I, at least find them usufull. Dsmdgold 05:53, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It is quite handy to make sure that both the common name as well as the taxonomic name have a link - the taxonomic one of course the redirect to the common name. andy 17:50, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Rodentia
I'll try to make the Rodentia section (try to do it more-or-less) mechanically from my lists. Ucucha 14:45, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's impossible. Ucucha 15:44, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Splitting
I propose that this article be split into sub articles by order name, with this page retained as a table of contents style link. Mbisanz (talk) 07:18, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Go for it. - UtherSRG (talk) 11:06, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:List of placental mammals


text:
Santa Fe University of Art and Design

Santa Fe University of Art and Design (SFUAD) was a private for-profit art school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The university was built from the non-profit College of Santa Fe (CSF), a Catholic facility founded as St. Michael's College in 1859, and renamed the College of Santa Fe in 1966. After financial difficulties in 2009, the college closed and the campus was purchased by the City of Santa Fe, the State of New Mexico, and Laureate Education, and reopened with a narrowed focus on film, theater, graphic design, and fine arts. As Santa Fe University of Art and Design it became a secular college of 950 students. The university closed in May 2018 due to significant ongoing financial challenges.

History
St. Michael's College was established at the behest of Archbishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy, who had arrived in New Mexico in 1851 to find that formal schooling in the territory was nonexistent. After establishing the Loretto Academy for girls in 1852, Lamy recruited the De La Salle Christian Brothers to open a similar school for boys, and St. Michael's held its first classes in the fall of 1859. In the 1870s, the school appointed a new leader, Brother Botulph, who oversaw its growth into an institution of higher learning. Under Botulph, St. Michael's began offering high school diplomas, and later, teaching certificates. In 1874 it received a charter from the territorial legislature, making it the oldest chartered college in New Mexico. In 1878, the school completed a new main building which still stands in altered form on Old Santa Fe Trail.

Eventually, with different types of educational institutions becoming more sharply delineated, St. Michael's phased out its post-secondary courses by the end of World War I to operate strictly as St. Michael's High School. However, in the 1940s, the school's former principal Brother Benildus of Mary decided to re-establish St. Michael's College as an institution of higher learning. In 1944 he launched a fundraiser to build a new college on the existing campus which fell short of the goal. However, he got a second chance when the former Bruns Army General Hospital on Cerrillos Road was declared surplus property at the end of World War II. In 1947, Benildus managed to secure a portion of the hospital complex totaling 125 acre and 39 semi-permanent wooden buildings for the new college, which was ready to begin classes in the fall. By 1949 the college had over 200 students, and in 1961 it completed its first permanent building, Brother Benildus Hall.

In 1966, the Christian Brothers changed the name of the school to the College of Santa Fe.

In February 2009, the College of Santa Fe declared a state of financial emergency. Attempts to merge with Highlands University faltered due to funding concerns, and the school nearly closed. In September 2009, a public-private partnership that included the City of Santa Fe, the New Mexico State Governor's Office and Laureate Education (a for-profit corporation) purchased the campus, reopening the school as The College of Santa Fe, under different leadership.

The name changed to Santa Fe University of Art and Design on August 30, 2010 after the school decided to narrow its focus on art and design. There is no longer an affiliation with the Lasallian Brothers or the alumni of College of Santa Fe.

On May 18, 2016 the school announced that it would be acquired by Raffles Education, a Singapore-based private company. However, the deal fell through, leaving ownership of the school with Laureate Education. Citing "significant ongoing financial challenges," the university closed after the 2017-2018 school year.

Campus
The Santa Fe University of Art and Design was housed on 60-acres. Approximately 70% of its student body lived in college-owned housing.

Facilities
The campus is the location of the Greer Garson Theatre Center, which includes the Weckesser Studio Theatre, a black-box performance space, a dance studio, the Claire Stewart Williamson Acting Lab, practice rooms and costume shops.

The Visual Arts Center houses the art and photography departments. The facility is a series of interconnected buildings designed by Ricardo Legorreta.

Garson Studios is a 27,000-square-foot motion picture soundstage facility connected to the university's Film School. It has the largest permanent green screen in the state of New Mexico. The facility was founded in 1989 by actress and College of Santa Fe patron Greer Garson. According to the school, Garson Studios has been the filming location of over 30 films, which collectively have been nominated for 20 Academy Awards, with 5 wins. Students from all programs are eligible to intern on films produced at Garson Studios.

The Screen is a cinematheque with seating for 165. It screens international, artistic, and independent films, and also streams performances of operas, ballets, and plays via satellite. The theater is open to the public.

Post-closure redevelopment plans
In late November 2022 the Santa Fe Mayor and City Council approved a legislative package that would rezone the campus to mixed use and adopted a master plan that includes 1,100 housing units.

Academics
Santa Fe University of Art and Design was accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

The college offered degrees in arts management, contemporary music, creative writing, digital arts, film, graphic design, performing arts, photography, and studio art.

In 2012 the school began collaborating with actor Robert Redford to offer a full-ride Unique Voice scholarship for indigenous people, as well as several Emerging Artist Scholarships.

St. Michael's College

 * Conrad Hilton, hotelier
 * Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo, former Governor and U.S. Senator for New Mexico.
 * Manuel Lujan Jr., former United States Secretary of the Interior, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives

College of Santa Fe

 * Ari Aster, filmmaker
 * Jeffrion L. Aubry, politician in New York
 * Ray Buktenica, television actor
 * Suzanna Choffel, American singer-songwriter and musician
 * Paul Collins and Nick Petree of the band Beirut
 * Samantha Crain, singer-songwriter/musician
 * Rockmond Dunbar, actor
 * William Jackson Harper, actor
 * Tim Huelskamp, U.S. Representative from Kansas's 1st district.
 * Annie Lederman, comedian
 * Macklemore, aka Ben Haggerty, Grammy Award-winning rapper
 * Alissa Moreno, singer-songwriter
 * Roxy Paine, American sculptor
 * Denise Poirier, voice actress for Aeon Flux
 * Graham Robertson, filmmaker
 * Debbie Rodella, New Mexico state legislator
 * Paul Rogers, Academy-Award-winning film editor
 * William Salyers, actor/voice actor
 * Oliver M. Thomas, Jr., New Orleans Democratic city council member who pleaded guilty to bribery in 2007
 * Michael Tyburski, filmmaker
 * Bernadette Vigil, muralist

Notable faculty

 * Matt Donovan, Chair, Creative Writing and Literature. Recipient of the 2010 Whiting Writers’ Award.
 * Chris Eyre, Chair, The Film School. Recipient of Peabody and Emmy awards for his work as a filmmaker.
 * Jon Jory, President's Chair, Performing Arts Department. Member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame; recipient of the National Theatre Conference Award and the American Theatre Association's Distinguished Career Award.
 * Tony O'Brien, Chair, Marion Center of Photographic Arts. Photojournalist. In 1990, O'Brien won the first Eliot Porter Foundation Grant.
 * Anne Valente, Creative Writing and Literature. Recipient of the 2011 Dzanc Books Short Story Prize
 * Susan York, Installation art and Ceramics. Sculptor.
 * Horace Alexander Young, Chair, Contemporary Music Program. saxophonist and flute player

title: Santa Fe University of Art and Design


text:
Orpheus (role-playing game)

Orpheus is a tabletop role playing game by White Wolf Publishing, set in a microcosm of the World of Darkness. Unlike the other World of Darkness game lines, Orpheus has a specifically planned metaplot and a set number of books that were published. Although it uses the same system as White Wolf's other games, ghosts and spirits are the exclusive focus of this story. Other supernatural creatures in the World of Darkness are strongly discouraged from entering the events of Orpheus. It is, however, tied with Wraith: The Oblivion, White Wolf's previous game dealing with the afterlife; some of the events in Orpheus are related to Ends of Empire, the final book in the Wraith: The Oblivion line.

Volumes
There are six books in total in the Orpheus line; the first is the main rulebook, which holds the rules used throughout the series. The five that follow carry out a specific, albeit optional, plotline, told through fiction and roleplaying, as well as expanding on the roleplaying tools presented in the first game. They are, in chronological order:
 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! Title !!White Wolf Product Number!! ISBN Orpheus is noteworthy in that it began the trend of White Wolf creating game series with limited numbers of supplements. This concept continued on with the Chronicles of Darkness games Promethean: The Created, Changeling: The Lost, Hunter: The Vigil, and Geist: The Sin-Eaters, all of which were initially planned as limited releases.
 * Orpheus || style="text-align:center;" | WW21000 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * Crusade of Ashes || style="text-align:center;" | WW21001 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * Shades of Gray || style="text-align:center;" | WW21010 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * Shadow Games || style="text-align:center;" | WW21011 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * Orphan-Grinders || style="text-align:center;" | WW21012 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * End Game || style="text-align:center;" | WW21015 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * }
 * Shadow Games || style="text-align:center;" | WW21011 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * Orphan-Grinders || style="text-align:center;" | WW21012 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * End Game || style="text-align:center;" | WW21015 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * }
 * End Game || style="text-align:center;" | WW21015 || style="text-align:center;" |
 * }

There also was an anthology based on Orpheus named Orpheus: Haunting the Dead (WW11905 / ISBN 1-58846-837-2).

Character types
Characters in Orpheus are either living individuals capable of astral projection (via meditation or cryonics) or are ghosts of the recently deceased. It is assumed that characters work for the Orpheus Group, a company that employs the talents of projectors and spirits to investigate and clear ghostly activity and perform other tasks difficult for those without access to the world of the dead. The way a person manifests as a ghost is called the Lament; two Laments are projection-based, while two are based on a person being dead.

 * Skimmers use drugs and meditative techniques to temporarily eject their souls from their bodies. While they can enter and exit the spirit world quickly, their close connection to their empty shells means damage they take as a ghost manifests on their bodies.
 * Sleepers are cryonically frozen; once the body reaches a certain temperature, it is "dead" and ejects the spirit. While in stasis, the body is treated with special drugs to keep necrosis from setting in. While it keeps sleepers from the close connections skimmers have that allows them to be injured, the process means that both entering and leaving the world of ghosts is a slow process.
 * Spirits are your run-of-the-mill dead person, souls who have unfinished businesses that allow them to remain on earth. Most who work for Orpheus have a high degree of independence because of a remarkable willpower they held in life that transitions to death; not all spirits, however, are able to keep their independent attitudes when they die and become doomed to repeat themselves endlessly.
 * Hues are spirits with one major difference; while alive, they took the designer drug pigment. Pigment keeps a spirit from feeling ultimately fulfilled, so while a hue may be as stubborn as a spirit, they have more fragile forms and are closer to their dark sides.

Each character has a set of special traits, called a Shade, which determine how they manifest and what ghostly powers (or Horrors) they are able to use and which ones they cannot. There are eight Shades in total; the first five were introduced in the Orpheus corebook, while the remaining three were introduced in three of the supplements.

 * Banshees are the empathetic shades, full of compassion. They manifest their abilities of emotional manipulation, physical damage, and looking into the future through their voices.
 * Haunters are those who care for things over people. This focus allows them to manipulate inanimate objects and machines to a disturbing degree.
 * Poltergeists are usually full of rage, either quiet or overt. This allows them to pick up objects without touching them directly, and also to alter their own forms in violent ways.
 * Skinriders are control freaks. They are granted the ability to possess the bodies of others and bend them to their will.
 * Wisps are the trickster shade. They have abilities that allow them to draw attention, escape in a flash, or manipulate ghostly items.
 * Phantasms, introduced in Shades of Gray, are the artists and dreamers. They can see and manipulate the dreams of the living.
 * Orphan-Grinders, introduced in The Orphan-Grinders, are ghosts who gave in to their dark sides, and then came back. They can use the abilities of the dark ghosts, or Spectres.
 * Marrow, introduced in End Game, can adapt to any situation. Appropriately, they are shapeshifters and also have a rapport with animals.

Antagonists
Along with ghosts as antagonists, there are also rival projection companies, such as Terrel and Squib, and a new designer drug called pigment or black heroin that allows users to see the spirits of the dead. There are also dark spirits called Spectres, some of which are corrupted spirits and hues, and others that have spawned from an unknown but powerful source. These create much of the storyline and challenges the players must face as they move through the series.

title: Orpheus (role-playing game)


text:
RMAS Typhoon (A95)

RMAS Typhoon (A95) was an ocean-going tug of the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service (RMAS). She was designed for ocean towing, rescue, salvage and fire-fighting. She was the first ship to leave the United Kingdom ahead of the task force for the South Atlantic during the 1982 Falklands War. She had a fishery protection role in the Cod Wars.

History
The ship was repaired at Falmouth ship repair yard on 19 October 1979, and was also involved in the rescue of the Spanish butane tanker, MV Butaseis, which was aflame and drifting towards the village of Brixton, Devon. The tug stayed as part of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary until included in the RMAS.

Typhoon saw service in the Falklands War from leaving the UK on 4 April 1982 until 20 July 1982 under Captain J N Morris with an all-civilian crew from Portland Naval Base. She also carried 2 Royal Naval Personnel, 1 for comms and 1 medic, they had the distinction of being first to leave and returned home 24 September 1982 as did HMS Hydra docking in last that day 24 September 1982 in Portsmouth. Captain Morris and his civilian crew flew back from Port Stanley when Capt Stephens and the relief crew arrived in Port Stanley 20 July 1982. Under the command of Captain Bruce Stephens she returned to Portland with her new civilian crew. the 2 Royal Navy Crew remained on board until the vessel docked on 24 September 1982. She was the first ship – albeit a civilian vessel – to leave the UK ahead of the task force, and a member of the crew, the tugs bosun placed the Welsh flag on board RFA Sir Galahad just before Typhoon towed her out to sea to be scuttled by a submarine. During the war, the ship was heavily involved in logistic duties, transferring fresh water to the task force at a rate of 18 tons per trip, and loading part of 17 Brigade onto the MV Norland in preparation for the San Carlos landings. The ship was sold in 1989 and later converted into a trawler in 1992.

title: RMAS Typhoon (A95)


text:
RMAS Goosander (A164)

RMAS Goosander (A164) was a mooring, salvage and boom vessel of the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service. She saw service in the Falklands War. She has a sister ship, RMAS Pochard, and was built by Robb Caledon Shipbuilders in Leith.

title: RMAS Goosander (A164)


text:
Mitsou

Mitsou Annie Marie Gélinas (born September 1, 1970, in Loretteville, Quebec) is a Canadian pop singer, businesswoman, television and radio host, and actress. She is credited as Mitsou Gélinas when acting, but records simply as Mitsou (the French spelling of Mitsu, which means honey in Japanese).

Biography
Born in Loretteville, Quebec, Mitsou is the granddaughter of Quebec actor and playwright Gratien Gélinas. She got involved in acting and modelling as a child notably in the French-Canadian soap opera Terre humaine, but also began to pursue singing in her teenage years.

In 1988, she signed with Canadian independent Isba Records and released her first single, "Bye Bye Mon Cowboy" (composed and produced by Jean-Pierre Isaac), which became a pop hit across Canada, an extremely rare feat for a francophone song, in 1989. Later that year, she followed with her debut, multicultural-themed album, El Mundo which also spawned the singles "La Corrida" and "Les Chinois".

In 1990, she released her follow-up album, Terre des hommes. Ivan Doroschuk of Men Without Hats wrote the title track, in addition to her first English-language song "A Funny Place (The World Is)". The first single, "Mademoiselle Anne", failed to replicate her cross-Canada success, but in 1991 the second single, "Dis-moi, dis-moi", put Mitsou back in the spotlight with a controversial video that showed her and several male and female models nude in a shower room.

The video, which was released only a few months after Madonna's "Justify My Love", was banned from regular rotation by MuchMusic as the Madonna video had been – technically, the video was not fully banned from the network, as the programming committee ruled that the late-night program City Limits was allowed to play it, but as a mainstream pop song incompatible with the show's alternative rock format, the program refused to do so.

Notably, the video for "Dis-moi, dis-moi" was not banned on Much's French-language sister station MusiquePlus, but in fact was placed in heavy rotation; Mitsou's manager Pierre Gendron attributed the difference to English Canada being more prudish than French Canada.

Having banned two high-profile pop videos within a few months of each other, MuchMusic created a new occasional late-night series, Too Much 4 Much, on which they would play banned videos along with forum and panel discussions on the controversies these videos raised. Due to the controversy, Mitsou's single was played across Canada even though the lyrics (which Mitsou co-wrote) were exclusively in French. Her 1992 follow-up EP, Heading West, was a collection of past hits and new material in English and French. Despite a title track co-written by Cyndi Lauper, and the radio and video play given the dance-driven single "Deep Kiss", it failed to generate a substantial pop hit. In 1993, she followed it up with her first full-English album Tempted. Although the lead single was written by RuPaul ("Everybody Say Love"), the album again failed to give her a significant hit. The video for "Everybody Say Love" featured nudity (as well as homosexuality) but failed to stir any media attention.

Subsequently, she returned to recording primarily French-language material for her 1994 album Ya Ya (with the track "Ya Ya" a Lee Dorsey cover) which included cover versions of songs popular in Quebec in the '60s and '70s, such as the title track and "Comme j'ai toujours envie d'aimer" (a Marc Hamilton cover). She also released a Christmas album entitled Noel in 1995 that included some Quebec holiday classics.

After a hiatus, her next album, Mitsou (Éponyme) (1999), featured hip-hop-influenced beats and a street-oriented rock sound. She also co-wrote and co-produced all the tracks. A club-oriented EP Vibe followed in 2002. It features remixes of previous material such as "Bye Bye Mon Cowboy" (which was re-recorded and released as a single) and "Money Penny".

Other achievements
Mitsou acted in a number of Quebec films, most recently in Denys Arcand's Academy Award-winning Les invasions barbares. She was top billed in 1992's Coyote, which was a major release in Quebec (released during her popularity as a singer, she was billed as simply Mitsou for this release). She wrote the song "Le Toucher" for the film The Bone Collector.

In 2000, Mitsou joined C't’encore drôle, the morning show on Énergie 94.3 FM in Montreal. She was an instant hit, as evidenced by the show's high ratings and enormous popularity with 18- to 34-year-olds who have made it the number one morning show for 10 years straight. By June 15, 2012, Mitsou left the morning show of the station after 12 years. On August 20, 2012, Gélinas revealed that she signed on to join the rival CFGL-FM as the drive home co-host but won't begin her duties until November.

Since 2001, she has been the editor of a Quebec magazine for young women, Clin d'oeil. In 2005, she hosted the show Au Courant on CBC Newsworld, an English-language program that focuses on "what's hot and happening in French Canada."

In February 2009, it was announced that Mitsou would become the "beauty ambassador" for Lise Watier, a Canadian-based cosmetics and skincare product line, and would subsequently appear in the company's advertising campaigns.

In 2009, she hosted Comment va ta famille?, a documentary series that portrays the state of the family in Quebec in 2008–09, and television magazine La liste, produced by Marie-France Bazzo for ARTV. She also joined the cast of The Child Prodigy (L'Enfant prodige), a movie about pianist André Mathieu, in which she played Vivianne Jobin, one of Mathieu's mistresses.

In fall 2009, she began serving as a presenter for the TV program ''Kampaï! À votre santé'', a show on healthy cooking and dining, for Radio-Canada.

In August 2010, Mitsou married her partner of 15 years, Iohann Martin, in a "surprise wedding" that he had organized without her knowledge for her 40th birthday. They are the parents of two daughters.

Mitsou will begin releasing new singles via her website as the inspiration strikes her. The first of these is a collaboration between Mitsou and Creature entitle "On vole", and was released in 2011.

In 2021 she appeared as a guest judge in a second season episode of Canada's Drag Race. Her 1993 single "Everybody Say Love", originally written by RuPaul, was used as the Lip Sync for Your Life number.

Albums

 * El Mundo (Isba) 1988 (Platinum)
 * Terre des Hommes (Isba) 1990 (Gold)
 * Heading West (Isba) 1992
 * Mitsou (Hollywood Records) 1992 (U.S. compilation)
 * Tempted (TOX) 1993
 * Ya Ya (TOX) 1994
 * Noël (TOX) 1995
 * La Collection (Unidisc) 1997 (compilation)
 * Mitsou (Dazmo) 1999
 * Vibe EP (Dazmo) 2002

Singles

 * "Bye Bye mon Cowboy" (Isba) (1988) Canada No. 63 / Québec No. 1 (6 weeks)
 * "Les Chinois" (Isba) (1989) Québec No. 2
 * "La Corrida" (Isba) (1989)
 * "Mademoiselle Anne" (Isba) (1990)
 * "Dis-moi, dis-moi" (Isba) (1991) Canada No. 63
 * "Lettre à un Cowboy" (Isba) (1991) Québec No. 1
 * "A Funny Place (The World Is)" (Isba) (1991)
 * "Deep Kiss" (Isba) (1992)
 * "Heading West" (Isba) (1992)
 * "Everybody Say Love" (1993)
 * "Le Yaya" (1994)
 * "Comme j'ai toujours envie d'aimer" (1994)
 * "Ouvre-moi" (1999)
 * "Si tu m'aimes encore" (1999)
 * "Les Ronces" (1999)
 * "La Vie Sera" (1999)
 * "A Toi (You and I)" (2002)
 * "Bye Bye Mon Cowboy (vibe mix)" (2002)
 * "Mon Roi" (2002)
 * "On vole" (2011)

title: Mitsou


text:
HMS Bristol (D23)

HMS Bristol (D23) was a Type 82 destroyer, the only vessel of her class to be built for the Royal Navy. Bristol was intended to be the first of a class of large destroyers to escort the CVA-01 aircraft carriers projected to come into service in the early 1970s but the rest of the class and the CVA-01 carriers were cancelled as a result of the 1966 Defence White Paper which cut defence spending.

Following a long career which included the Falklands War, she was converted into a training ship in 1987. In 1991 while part of the Dartmouth training squadron, she suffered a boiler explosion that damaged the vessel beyond economical repair. No longer having enough value to be sold to another navy, she became a Harbour Training ship at HMS Excellent. She was decommissioned in Portsmouth on 28 October 2020.

Origin
The CVA-01 fleet aircraft carrier was designed to replace the World War II vintage aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy. The first plans were for two carriers and to protect these carriers four new Type 82 area air defence destroyers were to be built. In 1963, the Minister of Defence Peter Thorneycroft, announced in Parliament that one new aircraft carrier would be built, at an estimated cost of £56 million. However, a change of government and competition from the RAF (the RAF and Navy were both expected to use the Hawker P.1154 supersonic V/STOL aircraft, a larger version of the Hawker Siddeley Harrier) saw the project being cancelled in the 1966 Defence White Paper. This eliminated the requirement for the Type 82 class destroyer. However, one vessel of the original four was ordered on 4 October 1966 for use as a testbed for new technologies. HMS Bristol was launched in 1969, with four new weapons and electronics systems.

Construction
Bristol hull was laid down by Swan Hunter & Tyne Shipbuilders Ltd on 15 November 1967. She was launched on 30 June 1969, accepted into service on 15 December 1972 and then commissioned on 31 March 1973. Her estimated building cost was £24,217,000.

Weapon systems
Bristol saw a number of new systems introduced into the Navy, including the Sea Dart anti-aircraft and Ikara anti-submarine missile systems and was the first Royal Navy ship to carry the 4.5 inch (113 mm) Mk 8 gun. Another addition to the fleet was the new advanced Action Data Automated Weapons System Mk.2 (ADAWS-2), a computer system designed to coordinate the ship's weapons and sensors. ADAWS-2 was a large advance on the rudimentary action information system of its predecessor the County-class destroyers, which was heavily reliant on manual data input.

The Sea Dart (GWS 30) system comprised a twin-arm launcher on the quarterdeck with a pair of radar Type 909 target illumination sets, an improvement over the single radar Type 901 set of the County design. The second weapon system was the Australian Ikara anti-submarine weapon. Ikara was a rocket-powered carrier that could deliver a small homing torpedo out to 10 mi from the ship. The Ikara was complemented by a Mark 10 Limbo anti-submarine mortar.

The single 4.5 inch (113 mm) Mark 8 gun was not intended as an anti-aircraft weapon, and as such had an elevation of only 55°. The weapon was designed specifically for reliability over rate of fire, allowing only a single mounting to be shipped, and the comparatively low rate of fire of 25 rounds per minute was ample for the intended anti-ship and shore-bombardment roles. Bristol, although capable of landing a Westland Wasp helicopter on the quarterdeck, lacked a hangar and aviation facilities and thus had to rely on external air support.

Active service
The role which Bristol was built for never materialised, and she consequently spent most of her service in the 1970s trialling and building up experience using new weapons and computer systems. A major boiler fire in 1974 destroyed the steam plant however Bristol was able to operate for a further three years using only her gas plant, demonstrating its flexibility and utility. The steam plant was repaired in 1976. In 1979 she was fitted out for frontline service with ECM, Corvus countermeasures launchers and a pair of World War II-era Oerlikon 20 mm cannon. During this refit the Limbo weapon was removed; its well was later used as a makeshift swimming pool.

Falklands War (1982)
Bristol was suitable for use as a flagship as she was large enough to embark the extra staff members necessary for this role. She served as the Royal Navy flagship during the 1981 Ocean Safari exercise. After a short refit, during which the mortar well was plated over to allow the landing of large helicopters on the quarterdeck, she joined the Royal Navy task force in the South Atlantic in the 1982 Falklands War. Bristol led the Bristol group of reinforcement ships south and then joined the carrier battle group, Task Group 317.8. On 22 May she fired two Sea Dart missiles at spurious radar returns caused by interference with similar radars fitted on ships within the group. After the destroyer HMS Coventry (D118) was hit and subsequently sunk on 25 May, Bristol with HMS Cardiff (D108) and HMS Exeter (D89) carried out duties in the air warfare role. When the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes (R12), the flagship, returned to the UK, Bristol took over as flagship until 17 September with Vice Admiral Derek Reffell aboard as senior-officer-in-theatre, returning to the UK after being relieved by the carrier HMS Illustrious (R06).

On return to the UK she entered a refit and, in light of the lessons of the conflict, had her light anti aircraft weapons augmented with a pair of twin Oerlikon/BMARC 30 mm GCM-A03 and a pair of single Oerlikon/BMARC 20 mm GAM-B01 guns. Loral-Hycor SRBOC countermeasures launchers were also added to augment the elderly Corvus launchers.

Post-Falklands service
With the Royal Navy short on hulls after damage and losses incurred in the Falklands, Bristol remained in commission and made several overseas deployments until paid off for refit in 1984. Another boiler explosion when entering refit caused extensive damage that had to be repaired. The major work undertaken in the refit was to replace the obsolete radar Type 965 with the new Type 1022 for long-range air search duties. The Ikara system was removed; it was intended to replace it with two triple STWS-1 launchers for 324 mm anti-submarine torpedoes, but they were never fitted.

Training ship
By the late 1980s the ship was becoming increasingly outdated. As the fleet downsized, maintaining a unique vessel when plenty of other air defence destroyers were in commission no longer seemed worthwhile. HMS Bristol was paid off in 1991 and refitted to replace HMS Kent, as the harbour training ship located at the shore establishment HMS Excellent (shore establishment). Bristol was berthed at Whale Island, Portsmouth and was primarily used as a training ship and accommodation ship for Royal Naval personnel and youth organisations. Many young people from the Sea Cadets, the Combined Cadet Force and the Sea Scouts had their first experience of life on board a warship on Bristol. Air Training Corps and Army Cadet Force units also made use of the facilities. The ship had also been used by a number of colleges running the Edexcel BTEC Public Services course. The ship's company was made up of a mix of Royal Navy and civilian staff. She was also used by the RNVCC cadets during their first wave exercise when the recruits ended their training to become Cadets.

Bristol was refitted at A&P Tyne, Hebburn. The effects of the refit were said to "... extend the service life of HMS Bristol for 10 years". Work was intended to bring facilities on Bristol in line with health and safety standards. The redundant masts containing the ship's Type 1022 and Type 992Q search radars were removed. She departed from Portsmouth on 20 October 2010, and arrived at Hebburn under tow on the morning of 3 November 2010. HMS Bristol left Hebburn in April 2011 to return to Portsmouth.

Bristol's role as a training ship ceased on 28 October 2020, with the Ministry of Defence announcing that she would be disposed of. When news of the disposal was made public the leader of Portsmouth City Council Gerald Vernon-Jackson called for Bristol to be maintained as a museum ship within the National Museum of the Royal Navy. HMS Bristol was transferred to the Disposal reserve ships organisation on 1 December 2020, and removed from her Portsmouth mooring in June 2024.

title: HMS Bristol (D23)


text:
Template:Feature/Archive

This is a list of the featured articles that have been featured on the Main Page via Template:Feature:

By date
Ascending, from earliest:

 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (February 22) view
 * Irish Houses of Parliament (February 23) view
 * Euro (February 23) view
 * Julius Caesar (February 24) view
 * Oxyrhynchus (February 25) view
 * Bible code (February 26) view
 * Psychosis (February 27) view
 * Periodic table (February 28) view
 * LSD (February 29) view
 * Propaganda (March 1) view
 * Hubble Space Telescope (March 2) view
 * Poker (March 3) view
 * All your base are belong to us (March 4) view
 * London congestion charge (March 5) view
 * Trigonometric function (March 6) view
 * People's Republic of China (March 7) view
 * Sperm Whale (March 8) view
 * Bathing machine (March 9) view
 * Leonardo da Vinci (March 10) view
 * LEGO (March 11) view
 * Parthenon (March 12) view
 * Nuclear weapon (March 13) view
 * H. P. Lovecraft (March 14) view
 * Villain (March 15) view
 * Prisoner's dilemma (March 16) view
 * End times (March 17) view
 * Geyser (March 18) view
 * Hutton Inquiry (March 19) view
 * Rainbow (March 20) view
 * Punk rock (March 21) view
 * Electronic amplifier (March 22) view
 * Attack on Pearl Harbor (March 23) view
 * Summer Olympic Games (March 24) view
 * Edward Gough Whitlam (March 25) view
 * Medieval literature (March 26) view
 * Mandarin (linguistics) (March 27) view
 * Bioinformatics (March 28) view
 * Yellowstone National Park (March 29) view
 * Jet engine (March 30) view
 * Superman (March 31) view
 * Byzantine Empire (April 1) view
 * Crushing by elephant (April 2) view
 * Joshua A. Norton (April 3) view
 * Platypus (April 4) view
 * Fountain pen (April 5) view
 * Buddhism (April 6) view
 * Chariot racing (April 7) view
 * Frankfurt School (April 8) view
 * Dreyfus affair (April 9) view
 * Heavy metal music (April 10) view
 * Origins of the American Civil War (April 11) view
 * Soap bubble (April 12) view
 * Rock, Paper, Scissors (April 13) view
 * Paul Morphy (April 14) view
 * Labour economics (April 15) view
 * Titanium (April 16) view
 * Asperger's syndrome (April 17) view
 * Ford Mustang (April 18) view
 * Trench warfare (April 19) view
 * Congo Free State (April 20) view
 * James Bulger murder case (April 21) view
 * Greek art (April 22) view
 * DOOM (April 23) view
 * Hinduism (April 24) view
 * Assassin (April 25) view
 * ROC presidential election, 2004 (April 26) view
 * Mail (April 27) view
 * Beer (April 28) view
 * Carlsbad Caverns National Park (April 29) view
 * Space elevator (April 30) view
 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (May 1) view
 * Peerage (May 2) view
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 * Abraham Lincoln (May 5) view
 * Spacecraft propulsion (May 6) view
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 * European Union (May 9) view
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 * Taiwanese (linguistics) (May 11) view
 * Western movie (May 12) view
 * Floppy disk (May 13) view
 * Triangle (May 14) view
 * Montreal Canadiens (May 15) view
 * Sino-Soviet split (May 16) view
 * Bob Dylan (May 17) view
 * Comet (May 18) view
 * Buckinghamshire (May 19) view
 * Fancy cancel (May 20) view
 * Crash test dummy (May 21) view
 * Star Trek (May 22) view
 * Enclave (May 23) view
 * Rembrandt (May 24) view
 * British East India Company (May 25) view
 * Single malt Scotch (May 26) view
 * Submarine (May 27) view
 * Ludwig Wittgenstein (May 28)view
 * Vowel (May 29) view
 * Chinatown (May 30) view
 * Helium (May 31) view
 * Simon and Garfunkel (June 1) view
 * Carl Sagan (June 2) view
 * Speech synthesis (June 3) view
 * Belgium (June 4) view
 * Dmitri Shostakovich (June 5) view
 * VW Type 2 (June 6) view
 * Wikipedia down for most of the day. Article not cycled.
 * World War I (June 8) view
 * Tea (June 9) view
 * The Foundation Series (June 10) view
 * Bullfighting (June 11) view
 * Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (June 12) view
 * Go (board game) (June 13) view
 * Acetaminophen (June 14) view
 * Zeppelin (June 15)
 * Geology of the Bryce Canyon area (June 16)
 * Leet (June 17)
 * The Beatles (June 18)
 * Academia (June 19)
 * Voynich manuscript (June 20)
 * London Underground (June 21)
 * White Rose (June 22)
 * History of computing hardware (June 23)
 * Billboard (advertising) (June 24)
 * Greek mythology (June 25)
 * Heavy metal umlaut (June 26)
 * Poetry (June 27)
 * Synapse (June 28)
 * Revised Standard Version (June 29)
 * John Major (June 30)
 * Blackjack (July 1)
 * GNU/Linux naming controversy (July 2)
 * Eureka Stockade (July 3)
 * Olympic Flame (July 4)
 * Wigwag (July 5)
 * Ian McKellen (July 6)
 * Analogue disc record (July 7)
 * Mark Antony (July 8)
 * Separation of powers under the United States Constitution (July 9)
 * Weather lore (July 10)
 * Saxophone (July 11)
 * City status in the United Kingdom (July 12)
 * Vampire (July 13)
 * Éire (July 14)
 * Paradox (July 15)

Total: 115 articles

Art & Archaeology
Leonardo da Vinci – Greek art – Oxyrhynchus – Parthenon – Rembrandt

5 of 5 articles featured

Biography
Julius Caesar – Leonardo da Vinci – Abraham Lincoln – H. P. Lovecraft – Paul Morphy – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Joshua A. Norton – Edward Gough Whitlam

8 of 32 articles featured

Biology and Medicine
Acetaminophen – Asperger's syndrome – Bioinformatics – Cladistics – Platypus – Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi – Sperm Whale

7 of 14 articles featured

Chemistry
Helium – LSD – Periodic table – Titanium

4 of 4 articles featured

Culture and Society
Bathing machine – Fancy cancel – Mail – Prostitution – Villain

5 of 12 articles featured

Economics
Euro – London congestion charge – Labour economics

3 of 5 articles featured

Food and drink
Beer – Single malt Scotch – Tea

3 of 4 articles featured

Games & Toys
Chess – DOOM – Go (board game) – LEGO – Poker – Prisoner's dilemma – Rock, Paper, Scissors

7 of 8 articles featured

Geography
Belgium – Buckinghamshire – Carlsbad Caverns National Park – Chinatown – Enclave – People's Republic of China – Provinces of Thailand – Yellowstone National Park

7 of 13 articles featured

History
Attack on Pearl Harbor – British East India Company – Byzantine Empire – Congo Free State – Dreyfus affair – Origins of the American Civil War – ROC presidential election, 2004 – Sino-Soviet split – Trench warfare – World War I

10 of 33 articles featured

Language
Mandarin (linguistics) – Taiwanese (linguistics) – Vowel

3 of 6 articles featured

Law
Crushing by elephant – James Bulger murder case

2 of 4 articles featured

Literature
Medieval literature – The Foundation Series – The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

3 of 11 articles featured

Mathematics
Triangle – Trigonometric function

2 of 6 articles featured

Media
All your base are belong to us – Batman – Star Trek – Superman – Western movie

5 of 11 articles featured

Music
Bob Dylan – Heavy metal music – Punk rock – Simon and Garfunkel – Dmitri Shostakovich

5 of 16 articles featured

Philosophy
Frankfurt School – Ludwig Wittgenstein

2 of 4 articles featured

Physics, Astrophysics and Geophysics
Comet – Geyser – Rainbow – Carl Sagan – Soap bubble

5 of 11 articles featured

Politics and Government
Assassin – European Union – Hutton Inquiry – Irish Houses of Parliament – Peerage – Propaganda

6 of 11 articles featured

Psychology
Psychosis

1 of 3 articles featured

Reference
0 of 1 article featured

Religion and beliefs
Bible code – Buddhism – End times – Hinduism

4 of 13 articles featured

Sport
Bullfighting – Chariot racing – Montreal Canadiens – Summer Olympic Games

4 of 6 articles featured

Technology
Crash test dummy – Electronic amplifier – Floppy disk – Fountain pen – Hubble Space Telescope – Jet engine – Nuclear weapon – Spacecraft propulsion – Speech synthesis – Submarine

11 of 31 articles featured

Transport
Ford Mustang – London Underground – Space elevator – VW Type 2 – Zeppelin

5 of 8 articles featured

title: Template:Feature/Archive


text:
Cabbit

A cabbit is a fictional hybrid between a cat and a rabbit. They have appeared in fiction and fantasy stories including Japanese anime and manga, and have also been dubiously claimed to have been observed in the wild. Most if not all observations are attributable to either misidentified Manx cats or outright hoaxes.

A cat–rabbit hybrid creature was first incorrectly documented in 1845 by Joseph Train of Castle Douglas, Galloway, Scotland, in his An Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man, where he opined that the local Manx cat, a breed typified by a short, tufty tail like a rabbit, was such a hybrid: "My observations on the structure and habits of the specimen in my possession, leave little doubt on my mind of its being a .... cross between the female cat and the buck rabbit." Scientific study has determined that such a hybrid is genetically impossible.

The portmanteau term cabbit is used for such imagined hybrids. The exact year of coinage is uncertain. The term was used in 1977 to describe a specimen found in New Mexico and exhibited in Los Angeles. The specimen was showcased on The Tonight Show and was later determined to be a cat with a deformed pelvis.

Cat mutations
Manx cats and other cats with tailless or bobtailed mutations account for many alleged cabbit sightings. The mutation that causes taillessness can also cause skeletal and/or nerve abnormalities that result in the cat's using a hopping motion. This was once accepted by breeders as a feature of the Manx's look, but is now considered a serious fault in the show-ring and does not form part of the modern Manx standard of points. Modern breeders of the Manx are careful to breed only from cats that have normal locomotion. The relatively long hind legs of the Manx, combined with taillessness or a very short tail, give the impression of a rabbit.

In 1947, Grace Cox-Ife wrote: "There are several points about a Manx that make it anything but ordinary. The chief one is, of course, its taillessness; but this is not quite the whole story. Not only must a Manx have no tail but it should really be a further joint or more short on the spinal column; that is to say there should be a hollow where the tail would normally begin. Then there is the gait – a rabbity hop rather than a walk- which is caused by the height of the hindquarters: according to the Manx Cat Club these "cannot be too high, and the back cannot be too short, while there must be great depth of flank. The head should be round and large, but not of the snubby or Persian type.

Rose Tenent wrote: "No cat is more fascinating than the tailless Manx, with its rabbit-like hoppity gait .... The hind legs are considerably longer than the front ones, thus giving the cat its peculiar hopping gait; incidentally, also the reason for the reasonable theory held in some quarters that the Manx cat is the result of a cross-mating between a cat and a rabbit."

title: Cabbit


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Chris Ritchie

Vice Admiral Christopher Angus Ritchie (born 16 January 1949) is a retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Navy, who served as Chief of Navy from 2002 to 2005.

Early life
Ritchie was born in Melbourne on 16 January 1949 to Angus Lachlan Ritchie and Colleen Burnice Ritchie.

Naval career
Ritchie graduated from the RAN College at Jervis Bay in 1968. He received further training at sea and in the United Kingdom before undertaking a succession of seagoing appointments and a staff appointment at the NATO School of Maritime Operations at HMS DRYAD. His commands have included HMAS Tarakan (L 129), HMAS Torrens (DE 53), and HMAS Brisbane (D 41).

During his period in command of HMAS Brisbane, the ship deployed to the Persian Gulf where she participated for the duration of the Persian Gulf War. In 1991, as a result of this service, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia.

In 1992 he attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in the United Kingdom. On completion of this course he was promoted to commodore and had appointments in Naval Policy and Warfare, and Military Strategy and Concepts. In 1997 he was promoted to rear admiral and appointed as Maritime Commander Australia. He then served as Deputy Chief of Navy and Head of Capability Systems.

As a consequence of his service in these appointments, and in addition to receiving the Centenary medal, he was promoted to Officer of the Order of Australia in January 2001. He was promoted to vice admiral and appointed Commander Australian Theatre on 3 August 2001. He was the first Commander to have previously served as a Component Commander to the Headquarters. He assumed command of the Royal Australian Navy from Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral David Shackleton on 3 July 2002 and retired in July 2005.

After military service
In 2018, Vice Admiral Chris Ritchie was reported as a spokesman for Shipbuilder Lurssen Australia who would be building new offshore patrol vessels.

title: Chris Ritchie


text:
Bit-flipping attack

A bit-flipping attack is an attack on a cryptographic cipher in which the attacker can change the ciphertext in such a way as to result in a predictable change of the plaintext, although the attacker is not able to learn the plaintext itself. Note that this type of attack is not—directly—against the cipher itself (as cryptanalysis of it would be), but against a particular message or series of messages. In the extreme, this could become a Denial of service attack against all messages on a particular channel using that cipher.

The attack is especially dangerous when the attacker knows the format of the message. In such a situation, the attacker can turn it into a similar message but one in which some important information is altered. For example, a change in the destination address might alter the message route in a way that will force re-encryption with a weaker cipher, thus possibly making it easier for an attacker to decipher the message.

When applied to digital signatures, the attacker might be able to change a promissory note stating "I owe you $10.00" into one stating "I owe you $10,000".

Stream ciphers, such as RC4, are vulnerable to a bit-flipping attack, as are some block cipher modes of operation. See stream cipher attack. A keyed message authentication code, digital signature, or other authentication mechanism allows the recipient to detect if any bits were flipped in transit.

title: Bit-flipping attack