text:
Talk:Daniel Brandenstein

Untitled
I don't like the format of this article... --Yacht 02:17, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

It is taken verbatim from the site it links to. Danny 02:17, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * copyleft? --Yacht 02:19, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * Gov agency. Danny 02:21, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * needs to be wikified... --Yacht 02:23, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Brandenstein


text:
William E. Thornton

William Edgar Thornton (April 14, 1929 – January 11, 2021) was an American NASA astronaut. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from University of North Carolina and a doctorate in medicine, also from UNC. He flew on Challenger twice, the STS-8 and STS-51-B missions.

Early life and education
William Edgar Thornton was born on April 14, 1929. He attended primary and secondary schools in Faison, North Carolina. He received a bachelor of science degree in physics from the University of North Carolina (UNC) in 1952. In 1963, he received a doctorate in medicine from UNC.

Experience
Following graduation from the University of North Carolina and having completed Air Force ROTC training, Thornton served as officer-in-charge of the Instrumentation Lab at the Flight Test Air Proving Ground. He later became a consultant to Air Proving Ground Command.

As chief engineer of the electronics division of the Del Mar Engineering Labs at Los Angeles from 1956 to 1959, he also organized and directed its Avionics Division. He returned to the University of North Carolina Medical School in 1959, graduated in 1963, and completed internship training in 1964 at the Wilford Hall USAF Hospital at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.

Thornton returned to active duty with the United States Air Force and was then assigned to the USAF Aerospace Medical Division, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, where he completed the Primary Flight Surgeon's training in 1964. It was during his two-year tour of duty there that he became involved in space medicine research and subsequently applied and was selected for astronaut training. Dr. Thornton developed and designed the first mass measuring devices for space, which remain in use today.

Thornton has logged over 2,500 hours pilot flying time in jet aircraft.

NASA experience
Thornton was selected as a scientist-astronaut in August 1967 with NASA Astronaut Group 6. He completed the required flight training at Reese Air Force Base, Texas. Thornton was physician crew member on the highly successful Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test (SMEAT)—a 56-day simulation of a Skylab mission enabling crewmen to collect medical experiments baseline data and evaluate equipment, operations, and procedures. Thornton was also the mission specialist on SMD III, a simulation of a Spacelab life sciences mission.

Thornton was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions, and principal investigator for Skylab experiments on mass measurement, anthropometric measurements, hemodynamics, and human fluid shifts and physical conditioning. He first documented the shift and loss of fluid changes in body posture size and shape, including increase in height and the rapid loss of muscle strength and mass in space flight.

As a member of the Astronaut Office Operations Missions Development group, Thornton was responsible for developing crew procedures and techniques for deployable payloads, and for maintenance of crew conditions in flight. He developed advanced techniques for, and made studies in, kinesiology and kinesimetry related to space operations.

During Space Shuttle operations he continued physiological investigations in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal and neurological areas. He developed the Shuttle treadmill for in-flight exercise and several other on-board devices. He was long an advocate for exercise as a countermeasure for conditions such as bone loss in space. His work concentrated on the space adaptation syndrome, with relevant investigations on STS-4, STS-5, STS-6, STS-7, and STS-8.

Thornton holds more than 60 patents that range from military weapons systems through the first real-time EKG computer analysis. Space-related items include the first in-flight mass measurement devices, shock and vibration isolation systems, an improved waste collection system, an improved lower body negative pressure (LBNP) apparatus, and others.

Thornton continued his work in space medicine while awaiting his next flight opportunity. He worked on problems relative to extending mission durations in the Space Shuttle, in the Space station, and in space exploration, and has designed the necessary exercise and other hardware to support such missions. He continued analysis and publication of results from studies of neurological adaptation, and the study of neuromuscular inhibition following flight, osteoporosis in space and on Earth, and post-flight orthostatic hypotension. He has completed designs for exercise and other countermeasure equipment for the Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO), and for Space Station Freedom, including improved treadmills, rowing machines, isotonic exercise devices, and a bicycle. Much of this is currently scheduled for flight.

STS-8
STS-8 Challenger (August 30 to September 5, 1983). This was the third flight for the Challenger and the first mission with a night launch from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Thornton, participating as a scientist-astronaut, was one of five crew members. During the flight Thornton made almost continuous measurements and investigations of adaptation of the human body to weightlessness, especially of the nervous system and of the space adaptation syndrome. This was a continuation of his previous work in these areas. Much of the equipment used was designed and developed by Thornton. The mission was accomplished in 98 orbits of the Earth, traveling 2.2 million miles in 145 hours, 8 minutes, 4 seconds. He became the oldest person to fly in space.

STS-51B
STS-51B/Spacelab-3 Challenger (April 29 to May 6, 1985). The Spacelab-3 science mission was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and returned for a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California. During the 7-day flight, Thornton was responsible for the first animal payload on a shuttle mission and other medical investigations. The mission was accomplished in 110 orbits of the Earth, traveling 2.9 million miles (4.7 million km) in 169 hours and 39 minutes.

At the conclusion of the STS-51B flight, Thornton had logged over 313 hours in space across his two missions.

Post-NASA career
Thornton retired from NASA effective May 31, 1994. Thornton was later a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, and was an adjunct professor at the University of Houston–Clear Lake. He donated his NASA papers and archives to the North Carolina State Archives in 2010.

Special honors

 * Recipient of the Air Force Legion of Merit (1956)
 * NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1972)
 * NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1974)
 * American Astronautical Society's Melbourne W. Boynton Award for 1975 (1977)
 * two NASA Space Flight Medals (1983, 1985)
 * University of North Carolina Distinguished Alumni Award (1983)
 * Aerospace Medical Association Randy Lovelace Award (1984)
 * AIAA Jeffries Medical Research Award (1985)
 * Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Kern Award (1986)
 * NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (1988).

Personal life and death
Thornton was married to the former Elizabeth Jennifer Fowler of Hertfordshire, England. They had two sons.

Thornton died at his home in Fair Oaks Ranch, Texas, on January 11, 2021, at the age of 91.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William E. Thornton


text:
Filter fluorometer

A filter fluorometer is a type of fluorometer that may be employed in fluorescence spectroscopy.

In the fluorometer, a light source emits light of an excitation wavelength that is relevant to the compound to be measured. Filter fluorometers produce specific excitation and emission wavelengths by using optical filters. The filter blocks other wavelengths but transmits wavelengths relevant to the compound. The light passes through the sample to be measured, and a certain wavelength is absorbed while a longer wavelength is emitted. The emitted light is measured by a detector. By changing the optical filter, different substances can be measured.

Applications
Filter fluorometers can be highly sensitive, so are well suited to precise scientific research. The optical filters are relatively inexpensive and are easy to change, so filter fluorometers are commonly used in experimental applications which repeatedly measure different compounds.

Filters
There are two filters for the fluorometer:
 * 1) The primary filter or excitation filter or incident light filter isolates the wavelength that will cause the compound to fluoresce (the incident light).
 * 2) The secondary filter isolates the desired emitted light (fluorescent light).

Choosing the correct filters
The proper selection of filters requires familiarity with the emission spectrum and the excitation spectrum. The primary filter is selected to transmit only the wavelengths from the emission spectrum and excitation spectrum that overlap.

title: Filter fluorometer


text:
Blackburn Roc

The Blackburn Roc (company designation B-25) was a naval fighter aircraft designed and produced by the British aviation company Blackburn Aircraft. It took its name from the mythical bird of the tales of the Arabian Nights, the Roc. It was operated by the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) and was active during the Second World War.

The Roc was designed to Air Ministry Specification O.30/35 and was derived from the Blackburn Skua dive-bomber/fighter and developed in parallel to it. Unlike the Skua, the Roc had its armament in a turret. A large proportion of the work was subcontracted to another aircraft manufacturer, Boulton Paul, which had also designed their own turret fighter, the Boulton Paul Defiant. On 23 December 1938, the prototype Roc performed its maiden flight. Testing soon revealed it to have a relatively low maximum speed of only 223 mph. The float plane version of the Roc was even slower, leading to the cancellation of plans to equip float plane squadrons with the type. Cancellation of the project was discussed but this move was dismissed largely due to the wider impact on aircraft production.

During April 1939, the conventional version of the Roc was brought into FAA service. The type was present during the Allied campaign in Norway, as well as Operation Dynamo and Operation Aerial, the evacuations of Allied forces from Dunkirk and other French ports. The Roc quickly came to be viewed as inferior to existing aircraft, such as the Skua and the type had only a limited career in front-line service. The Roc's sole confirmed aerial victory occurred on 28 May 1940, when a patrolling Roc of 806 Naval Air Squadron, flown by pilot Midshipman A. G. Day, shot down a Junkers Ju 88 bomber from below. Towards the end of 1940, the Roc was largely relegated to air sea rescue and target-towing duties. Only sporadic engagements occurred after this point, with no substantial accomplishments occurring. The Roc was withdrawn during 1943.

Background
On 31 December 1935, the Air Ministry issued Specification O.30/35, which sought a carrier-based turret-armed fighter for the Fleet Air Arm (FAA). The Blackburn Aircraft design team was headed by G. E. Petty. It was decided to pursue a derivative of its new Skua dive bomber, of which two prototypes had been ordered for the Fleet Air Arm earlier that year. There were several substantial differences, not least that the Skua did not use a turret; the fuselage was widened around the mid-section to accommodate it.

The rival aircraft manufacturer Boulton Paul proposed the P.85, a redesigned version of its land-based P.82 turret fighter (for Specification F.9/35, which would enter service as the "Defiant"), alternatively powered by a Bristol Hercules radial engine or a Rolls-Royce Merlin inline engine. Although the "Sea Defiant" was expected to be 85 mph faster, the Air Ministry decided to select Blackburn's proposal instead.

Similar to the Skua, the B-25 Roc was a two-seat low-wing cantilever monoplane of all-metal construction. It was fitted with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage and its wings could be folded for storage aboard aircraft carriers. Attachment points for a float undercarriage were present as standard, unlike on the Skua. The Roc also retained the wing-mounted dive brakes present on the Skua but the mainplane was redesigned with a slight dihedral to obviate the upturned wingtips. It was powered by a Bristol Perseus radial engine that drove a three-bladed propeller. Amongst other things, the rear fuselage housed marine equipment, including a collapsible dinghy.

The Roc's primary armament was the same Boulton Paul Type A power-operated gun turret as used on the Defiant, with four .303 in Browning machine guns. The turret could rotate in any direction and the guns elevated as high as 85 degrees above the horizon; this movement was achieved via a control column. The turret was hydraulically powered by an electrically-driven pump, the guns were fired electrically and had integrated automatic interruption to prevent the tail unit or propeller being hit. Additional armaments included two 250 lb bombs and eight practice bombs, carried upon bomb racks under each wing; provisions for a close-fitting 70-gallon external fuel tank were also present on the underside of the central fuselage.

On 28 April 1937, the Air Ministry placed an "off the drawing board" order for 136 Rocs. As Blackburn already had full order books for the Skua and the Botha torpedo bomber, it was decided to sub-contract the detailed design and production of the aircraft to Boulton Paul at Wolverhampton; this arrangement has been attributed for the delayed delivery of the company's own turret aircraft, the Defiant.

Into flight
On 23 December 1938, the prototype Roc performed its maiden flight in the hands of Blackburn test pilot H. J. Wilson. Contractor's trials were conducted at Brough after which, during March 1939, the aircraft was delivered to Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) at RAF Martlesham Heath for handling and armaments trials. Early modifications, such as alternative de Havilland-supplied propellers, were also evaluated. Early flight testing revealed its handling to be not only acceptable but superior to that of the Skua; while not suitable for aerobatic manoeuvres, it demonstrated its steadiness in steep dives. The aircraft also demonstrated poor performance in some areas, particularly that its maximum speed was only 223 mph.

By this point, some officials had already recognised that the Roc's performance would be inadequate; during October 1938, the Fifth Sea Lord (the Chief of Naval Air Services) Alexander Ramsay issued his recommendation that the development of the Roc be abandoned. Production was allowed to continue as the project's cancellation would have caused too much disruption for Boulton Paul; plans were laid to adapt the aircraft to perform target towing and other secondary duties.

As well as its primary role as a carrier-based fighter, the Roc was also required to be capable of operating as a floatplane. A conversion kit was designed that allowed for a set of floats from a Blackburn Shark to be fitted. These floats, which was largely composed of Alclad, were fitted with pneumatically-actuated water rudders that connected directly with the aircraft's conventional braking system; the tail wheel was also replaced by a mooring ring.

During testing, the first conversion demonstrated direction instability and during December 1939, it crashed at Helensburgh Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment where it had been transferred at the outbreak of the war. Testing continued using the other conversion, with particular effort paid to addressing its instability. While the addition of an enlarged ventral fin largely resolved the problem, the effect of the floats on the aircraft's performance was too great to be ignored, as the maximum speed had fallen to only 193 mph, thus plans to form a fighter squadron equipped with Roc floatplanes were abandoned. During 1942, the Roc floatplane was again evaluated to determine whether the aircraft could be useful as a target tug for the fleet, replacing Blackburn Shark floatplane target tugs. The Roc floatplane was rejected in this role as well, resulting in the fleet's requirements for target tugs being fulfilled by landplanes, such as the Miles Martinet, instead. By August 1940, production of the Roc had ceased and manufacturing resources were diverted to more capable aircraft such as the Fairey Fulmar and the Hawker Sea Hurricane.

Operational history
During April 1939, preparations commenced for the Roc's entry into squadron service; that same month, the fifth production aircraft was delivered to the Central Flying School to assist with personnel familiarisation. Later that year, deliveries of the Roc commenced to the Skua-equipped 800 and 803 Naval Air Squadrons, with three or four Rocs supplementing the Skuas. When 803 Squadron relocated to RAF Wick in northern Scotland to provide fighter cover for the Royal Naval base at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, the Rocs proved ineffective; they were described by the squadron's commanding officer as a "constant hindrance", who requested that the type be replaced by additional Skuas.

During the Allied campaign in Norway, a small contingent of Rocs travelled with 800 and 801 Naval Air Squadrons aboard HMS Ark Royal (91) (By this point, 803 Squadron had abandoned its Rocs to become an all-Skua squadron). In the Norwegian theatre, they were used to carry out combat air patrols over the fleet, but were regarded as being of little use, showing inadequate performance when intercepting German aircraft.

Both Skuas and Rocs operated over the English Channel in the summer of 1940 in Operation Dynamo and Operation Aerial, the evacuations of Allied forces from Dunkirk and other French ports. What is believed to be the Roc's sole confirmed aerial victory occurred on 28 May 1940, when a patrolling Roc of 806 Naval Air Squadron, flown by pilot Midshipman A. G. Day, alongside two Skuas, intercepted five Junkers Ju 88s which were attacking a convoy off Ostend in Belgium. Flying underneath the Junkers while the Skuas attacked from above, Day's Roc destroyed one Ju 88 before returning safely to RAF Detling. On 12 June, Rocs and Skuas of 801 Naval Air Squadron strafed and dive-bombed German E-boats in Boulogne harbour, damaging several E-boats. On 20 June, Skuas and Rocs were used to bomb gun emplacements at Cap Gris Nez.

The Roc was relegated to air sea rescue and target-towing duties at various locations. The majority of aircraft were dispatched from the production line to second-line squadrons. No. 2 Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Unit at Gosport received 16 Rocs to replace its Blackburn Sharks during June 1940. The type was commonly deployed for air-sea rescue patrols, searching for the survivors of sunken ships and downed aircraft in the Channel.

On 26 September 1940, during one such patrol, Pilot Officer D. H. Clarke and his gunner, Sergeant Hunt, engaged a Heinkel He 59 seaplane, also on a rescue mission, which had fired on them first. The two aircraft exchanged fire until they reached the coast of France where the Heinkel escaped in a damaged condition. Some Rocs were dispatched to distant locations such as Bermuda, however, the last pair of operational aircraft were withdrawn from service during June 1943. The last four Rocs stationed at HMS Daedalus in Gosport survived until late 1944, all unairworthy, with their turrets still being used for anti-aircraft defence.

Operators
Royal Air Force Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm
 * No. 2 Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Unit, RAF
 * No. 24 Squadron RAF
 * 241 Squadron RAF

 * 725 Naval Air Squadron
 * 758 Naval Air Squadron
 * 759 Naval Air Squadron
 * 760 Naval Air Squadron
 * 765 Naval Air Squadron
 * 769 Naval Air Squadron
 * 770 Naval Air Squadron
 * 771 Naval Air Squadron
 * 772 Naval Air Squadron
 * 773 Naval Air Squadron
 * 774 Naval Air Squadron
 * 775 Naval Air Squadron
 * 776 Naval Air Squadron
 * 777 Naval Air Squadron
 * 778 Naval Air Squadron
 * 782 Naval Air Squadron
 * 787 Naval Air Squadron
 * 789 Naval Air Squadron
 * 791 Naval Air Squadron
 * 792 Naval Air Squadron
 * 793 Naval Air Squadron
 * 794 Naval Air Squadron
 * 800 Naval Air Squadron
 * 801 Naval Air Squadron
 * 803 Naval Air Squadron
 * 805 Naval Air Squadron
 * 806 Naval Air Squadron

title: Blackburn Roc


text:
Electron excitation

Electron excitation is the transfer of a bound electron to a more energetic, but still bound state. This can be done by photoexcitation (PE), where the electron absorbs a photon and gains all its energy or by collisional excitation (CE), where the electron receives energy from a collision with another, energetic electron. Within a semiconductor crystal lattice, thermal excitation is a process where lattice vibrations provide enough energy to transfer electrons to a higher energy band such as a more energetic sublevel or energy level. When an excited electron falls back to a state of lower energy, it undergoes electron relaxation (deexcitation ). This is accompanied by the emission of a photon (radiative relaxation/spontaneous emission) or by a transfer of energy to another particle. The energy released is equal to the difference in energy levels between the electron energy states.

In general, the excitation of electrons in atoms strongly varies from excitation in solids, due to the different nature of the electronic levels and the structural properties of some solids. The electronic excitation (or deexcitation) can take place by several processes such as:

There are several rules that dictate the transition of an electron to an excited state, known as selection rules. First, as previously noted, the electron must absorb an amount of energy equivalent to the energy difference between the electron's current energy level and an unoccupied, higher energy level in order to be promoted to that energy level. The next rule follows from the Frank-Condon Principle, which states that the absorption of a photon by an electron and the subsequent jump in energy levels is near-instantaneous. The atomic nucleus with which the electron is associated cannot adjust to the change in electron position on the same time scale as the electron (because nuclei are much heavier), and thus the nucleus may be brought into a vibrational state in response to the electron transition. Then, the rule is that the amount of energy absorbed by an electron may allow for the electron to be promoted from a vibrational and electronic ground state to a vibrational and electronic excited state. A third rule is the Laporte Rule, which necessitates that the two energy states between which an electron transitions must have different symmetry. A fourth rule is that when an electron undergoes a transition, the spin state of the molecule/atom that contains the electron must be conserved.
 * collision with more energetic electrons (Auger recombination, impact ionization, ...)
 * absorption / emission of a photon,
 * absorption of several photons (so called multiphoton ionization); e.g., quasi-monochromatic laser light.

Under some circumstances, certain selection rules may be broken and excited electrons may make "forbidden" transitions. The spectral lines associated with such transitions are known as forbidden lines.

Ground state preparation
The energy and momentum of electrons in solids can be described by introducing Bloch waves into the Schrödinger equation with applying periodic boundary conditions. Solving this eigenvalue equation, one obtains sets of solutions that are describing bands of energies that are allowed to the electrons: the electronic band structure. The latter page contains a summary of the techniques that are nowadays available for modeling the properties of solid crystals at equilibrium, i.e., when they are not illuminated by light.

Electron excitation by light: polariton
The behavior of electrons excited by photons can be described by the quasi-particle named "polariton". A number of methods exist to describe these, both using classical and quantum electrodynamics. One of the methods is to use the concept of dressed particle.

title: Electron excitation


text:
Frank Porter Graham

Frank Porter Graham (October 14, 1886 – February 16, 1972) was an American educator and political activist. A professor of history, he was elected President of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1930, and he later became the first President of the consolidated University of North Carolina system.

Graham was an active champion of many liberal causes including academic freedom, economic justice, civil rights, disarmament and world peace. He served on numerous advisory boards for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, and in 1949 he was appointed by the North Carolina governor to fill a vacant seat in the United States Senate. His effort to win election in the following year turned into a bitter and ultimately unsuccessful struggle with conservative Democrat Willis Smith.

In 1951 he was appointed as a United Nations mediator for the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. He pursued that elusive goal for 16 years, and he continued his advocacy work on many other issues, until failing health forced him to retire from public life in 1967.

Early life
Frank Porter Graham was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina in 1886, the sixth of nine children born to Alexander and Katherine Bryan Sloan Graham. His father was superintendent of the Charlotte school system for 25 years, and many of his siblings and other family relations were teachers. His older brother, Archibald Wright "Moonlight" Graham (December 28, 1879 – August 25, 1965), was a professional baseball player with the New York Giants and later a physician (and the inspiration for a character in the 1989 film Field of Dreams). Alexander Graham Middle School in Charlotte is named for his father. It opened in 1920 on Morehead Street near the Grahams' home and is now in a newer building on Runnymede Lane.

Graham attended the original University of North Carolina (UNC, now called University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), from which he was graduated with Phi Beta Kappa honors in 1909. He was an active and popular student, serving as the editor of the college newspaper and the yearbook, president of the debating society, president of the campus YMCA, Senior class president, and the university's head cheerleader. He thereafter studied law and received his license in 1913. He received a graduate degree in 1916 from Columbia University. While he was studying law, Graham worked as a high school teacher in Raleigh, North Carolina. He went on to serve as a history instructor at UNC beginning in 1915. He interrupted his teaching career to enlist in 1917 in the United States Marine Corps for service in World War I. Enlisted as a private, he was discharged as a first lieutenant in 1919.

Graham returned to the History department at UNC and was promoted to a professorship in 1927, despite not having earned a Ph.D. He also served briefly as dean of students.

President of the University of North Carolina
In June 1930, Graham was elected President of UNC, succeeding Harry Woodburn Chase. As The New York Times put it: "He was literally 'drafted' for the presidency, for he desired to teach, and yielded only to the unanimous vote of the trustees." His formal induction ceremony on November 11, 1931 drew such a large crowd that it had to be held in Kenan Stadium. Graham used the date of Armistice Day to underscore his message that schools and universities have the responsibility of guiding young people away from war. His first cousin Edward Kidder Graham had been President of UNC from 1913 to 1918.

In July of the following year, he married Marian Drane of Baltimore, Maryland. Their wedding ceremony was performed by the bride's father, who was the rector of Baltimore's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church for more than 50 years.

Just months after his marriage, in November 1932, Graham was chosen to lead the consolidation of the University of North Carolina system, which brought together the three public colleges for whites in the state: Graham's UNC at Chapel Hill, the North Carolina College for Women (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro), and State College (now North Carolina State University). He served as President of the university system for the next 17 years. He was an approachable, friendly, and popular president, known to all as "Dr. Frank".

Graham was a member of the executive committee of the National Association of State Universities, and served as vice president of the Association of American Universities. He was also the first president of the Southern Council on International Relations, an organization founded in 1938 to promote international studies throughout public schools in the South.

Graham was an early advocate of reform in college athletics. In 1929, the Carnegie Foundation — a private organization that researches and recommends education policy — published "American College Athletics", a report that accused many schools of using cash payments to recruit athletes, with no regard for academic performance. Partially in response to that report, in 1935 Graham worked with his colleagues at the National Association of State Universities to develop a plan—eventually known as the "Graham Plan"—that called for the elimination of preferential treatment for college athletes, and a general de-emphasis of football specifically. While not implemented nationally, the Graham Plan was passed by the Southern Conference (of which the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State were members) in February 1936. The plan was in direct contradiction to rules implemented by the Southeastern Conference at the same time that embraced athletic scholarships, making them transparent. The financial aid provisions of the Graham Plan were repealed by the Southern Conference in December 1937, after colleges complained that they were put at a disadvantage to other schools and were forcing students to lie about financial aid they received. The University of Virginia left the Southern Conference due to the Graham Plan, indicating that its students could not comply with the regulations without violating its honor code.

Early government work
In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Graham as chairman of his Advisory Council on Economic Security, which made proposals that led to the Social Security Act the following year. At the same time, Graham served as vice chairman of the consumers board of the National Recovery Administration.

He headed the Advisory Committee on Economic Conditions in the South which in 1938 drafted a report detailing the dire position of the region. Roosevelt issued the 15-chapter report, drawing public attention to what it deemed "the nation's number one economic problem". Immediately afterward, Graham helped establish the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW), an advocacy group that organized poverty relief efforts and promoted New Deal policies. Its first meeting was held in Birmingham, Alabama in November 1938, drawing together progressives from all across the South in "the most significant attempt by Southerners, up to that time, to introduce a far-reaching agenda of change".

During World War II, Graham served as a member of the National War Labor Board from 1942 to 1945. More than any other member, he pressed the Board to address the concerns of African Americans seeking fair wages and equal treatment in the workplace.

After Roosevelt's death, new President Harry S. Truman continued to utilize Graham, and appointed him to the President's Committee on Civil Rights in 1946. But in the following year, Graham was mentioned in hearings held by the House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities for his involvement with the SCHW, which was alleged to be a Communist front organization. Graham denied any Communist affiliation, but was tarnished by accusations of "pinkish" sympathies for years.

During this time, Graham became involved with United Nations diplomatic work. In October 1947, President Truman appointed him to the UN commission arbitrating peace in the Indonesian National Revolution, a thorny affair that seemed to hold little chance for mediation. Still, the appointment of Graham, together with foreign counterparts of equal gravitas, displayed a clear determination for the peace talks to succeed, a situation recognized in The New York Times which praised "the high character of the Committee". Graham helped open direct negotiations between Indonesian and Dutch representatives at Batavia aboard USS Renville in December 1947. After his return, he was named adviser to the Secretary of State on Indonesian affairs.

United States Senator
North Carolina's state agriculture commissioner W. Kerr Scott was elected Governor in November 1948. Like Graham, Scott was a pro-Truman Democrat who had supported the New Deal. Two months after Scott's inauguration in January 1949, incumbent U.S. Senator J. Melville Broughton died in office. Broughton's death left Scott with the responsibility of choosing a replacement. After three weeks of intense speculation throughout March as to whom the governor might choose, attention focused on individuals ranging from the senator's widow, who expressed no interest; Scott's former campaign manager, Capus Miller Waynick; another Scott supporter, Major Lennox Polk McLendon, a lawyer from Greensboro, North Carolina; former Senator Umstead; and the governor himself. Scott appointed Graham, which surprised many political observers.

At the time of his appointment, Graham had never sought nor served in any political office, an unusual phenomenon at the time for North Carolina senators. Also atypical was that the particular Senate seat Graham occupied was in a period of considerable turnover. Beginning with the death of Senator Josiah W. Bailey in 1946, and concluding with the election of B. Everett Jordan in 1958, no fewer than eight men served in the seat in a dozen years.

1950 Democratic primary
Graham faced two opponents in the 1950 Democratic primary, including former Senator Robert R. Reynolds and former Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives Willis Smith. Reynolds was eliminated with only 10% of the vote, while Smith and Graham received 41% and 49% respectively. Graham was one percentage point below the threshold of receiving the nomination outright, and Smith could have chosen to engage Graham in a runoff. Smith initially declined, but when activists rallied outside his house in a show of support, Smith changed his mind.

In the runoff, Smith ran as an anti-Truman Democrat. According to his staffers, Smith never said anything outright racist, but some of his supporters released unofficial pamphlets stirring up fears of an integrated society. Fueled by their intense dislike for the progressive Graham, conservatives turned the Smith campaign into an openly racist crusade.

At the time of the election, few African-Americans were voting in North Carolina because of Jim Crow laws designed to disenfranchise them. Those blacks who were registered were mostly Republicans who cast ballots only in routine general elections. Graham was hence unable to appeal to many black voters, and he did not call for immediate integration, either. Graham was not a natural campaigner and hesitated even to ask voters for their vote. His political views were different from most North Carolinians'.

In the virtually all-white Democratic primaries, the tactics of Smith's campaign supporters (among whom was future Republican Senator Jesse Helms) worked along with these other factors, and Smith prevailed by a narrow 52%-48%.

Post-Senate
After his short Senate stint, Graham re-entered the field of global diplomacy. He returned to the United Nations as a mediator for India and Pakistan in the Kashmir dispute, serving in this capacity from 1951 through 1967. He retired from U.N. service in 1967 at the age of 81 and returned to Chapel Hill, after his wife died.

Death and legacy
Graham died in Chapel Hill at the age of 85. He is interred at the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery.

UNC-Chapel Hill's student union is named in Graham's honor. The spacious, multilevel building houses various student services as well as an art gallery, eatery, film auditorium, radio station WXYC, and recreational facilities including twelve bowling lanes in the basement. The UNC-Chapel Hill Graduate School established a Frank Porter Graham Honor Society in 1993 to honor students and faculty who provide "outstanding service" to the university.

The Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, founded in 1966, is among the nation's oldest and largest centers of public policy research regarding children and families. The Frank Porter Graham Elementary School in Chapel Hill and the Frank Porter Graham Building on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro also honor the former senator.

Since 1968, the North Carolina chapter of the ACLU has acknowledged people who work towards the promotion of civil liberties in the state with the Frank Porter Graham Award. Graham's life story was the subject of a 1994 documentary, Dr. Frank: The Life and Times of Frank Porter Graham, narrated by Charles Kuralt.

title: Frank Porter Graham


text:
Nassau Coliseum

Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum (or simply the Nassau Coliseum) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Uniondale, New York, east of New York City. The Long Island venue is approximately 7 mi east of the eastern limits of the New York City Borough of Queens, and is also next to the Meadowbrook Parkway.

Opened in 1972, the Coliseum occupies 63 acre of Mitchel Field, a former Army airfield, later an Air Force base. The facility is in the Town of Hempstead, within the Uniondale 11553 ZIP code. The Coliseum is used for sporting events, concerts, large exhibitions and shows as well as trade shows—44000 sqft at the main arena, 60,000 at the Expo Center. In 2015, the arena was closed for a major renovation which was completed in April 2017.

The New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL) played at the Coliseum from 1972 to 2015 before moving to Barclays Center in Brooklyn. After the move was commercially unsuccessful, the team split its home schedule between Barclays and the renovated Coliseum from 2018 to 2020 and played the home portion of their 2020–21 season at the Coliseum, before moving to the new UBS Arena at Belmont Park for the 2021–22 season, which is also on Hempstead Turnpike, 7.7 mi west of the Coliseum.

It was also the home of the New York Nets (now known as the Brooklyn Nets) of the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1972 to 1977 and the New York Riptide of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) from 2020 to 2024. In 2017, the venue became the new home of the Brooklyn Nets' NBA G League team, the Long Island Nets. Currently, the Nets serve as the building's main tenant.

Sports
The Coliseum originally had a capacity of 13,000 to 15,000 depending on the event, and in the early 1980s the maximum capacity was increased to around 18,000. Before closing for renovations in 2015 the Coliseum seated 16,170 for hockey, up to 18,511 for concerts and 17,686 for boxing. Those renovations resulted in drastically reduced capacities: 13,917 for hockey and 14,500 for basketball.

Ice hockey
The New York Raiders, intended by the fledgling World Hockey Association to be their flagship franchise, were slated to play in the new Nassau Coliseum in 1972–73. However, the Nassau County government did not consider the WHA a fully professional league and wanted nothing to do with the Raiders.

Nassau County retained William Shea to get an NHL team to play in the new building. The NHL responded by hastily awarding a franchise to Long Island—the New York Islanders—which forced the Raiders to play in Madison Square Garden, in the shadow of the New York Rangers. On October 7, 1972, the first Islanders game in Nassau Coliseum was played as the Atlanta Flames visited the Islanders. Flames forward Morris Stefaniw scored the first NHL goal in the building at 6:56 of the first period, while Ed Westfall scored the first goal for the Islanders, as the Flames won the game 3–2. The first Islanders' home win at the arena was on October 12, 1972, where they defeated the Los Angeles Kings 3–2. The Islanders' first playoff win at the arena came on April 20, 1975, where they defeated the Pittsburgh Penguins 4–2. On April 22, 1976, the Islanders earned their first playoff series victory at the arena by defeating the Buffalo Sabres 3–2, and winning the series 4–2.

On February 8, 1983, the arena hosted the 35th National Hockey League All-Star Game, during which Wayne Gretzky scored four goals in the third period and was honored as the game's most valuable player.

The Islanders were 11–1 in Stanley Cup Finals games at the Coliseum. Their only loss was a 1–0 setback in Game 1 in 1984 to the Edmonton Oilers. Team's fans nicknamed the arena "Fort Neverlose" in honor of the team's strong home record during the finals.

Nassau Coliseum hosted minor league hockey prior to the awarding of the Islanders franchise, an event that was brought back in 2005, when the Islanders-affiliated Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL) played two "home" games at the Coliseum in the absence of NHL hockey due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout. On April 17–18, 2009, the Sound Tigers played two of their home playoff games against the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins at the Coliseum due to a scheduling conflict at the Arena at Harbor Yard in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the team's home.

The Islanders played their last game at the Coliseum before moving to Barclays Center on April 25, 2015, beating the Washington Capitals 3–1 in Game 6 of the first round of the 2015 playoffs against the Washington Capitals forcing a Game 7, held in and won by Washington, ending the Islanders' first run at the Coliseum; in Game 6 Cal Clutterbuck of the Islanders scored the final NHL goal in the building, an empty netter at 19:07 of the third period. Following the 2014–15 season, the Coliseum underwent a major renovation. On September 17, 2017, the Islanders returned to the Nassau Coliseum to face the Philadelphia Flyers for a preseason match up. With the Islanders being unhappy at their home in Brooklyn, the league awarded the Islanders to split their home games during the 2018–19 season between the Barclays Center and Nassau Coliseum. The Islanders played their first regular season game back at the Coliseum on December 1, 2018, against the Columbus Blue Jackets, where the Islanders won 3–2. During the 2019 playoffs, the First Round was held at the Coliseum. The Islanders again split the 2019–20 season between Nassau Coliseum and Barclays Center and it was announced by then New York Governor Andrew Cuomo that the Islanders would play the remainder of their games at the Coliseum, while the Islanders new home UBS Arena was being built and the 2020–21 season being the final at the Coliseum. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islanders played at Scotiabank Arena and Rogers Place during the 2020 playoffs, and then opened up the 2020–21 season at the Coliseum with no fans.

On June 23, 2021, the Islanders played their final game ever at the Coliseum, before moving to their new arena, in a 3–2 overtime win in game 6 of the 2021 Stanley Cup semifinals against the Tampa Bay Lightning, with Anthony Beauvillier scoring the overtime goal to force game 7. However, the Islanders lost game 7, thus making game 6 the last major league sporting event held there, and Beauvillier scored the last NHL goal ever in this arena, and his team achieved a rare feat as a consolation prize: they became the third team (after the 1982–83 Calgary Flames and 1994–95 Québec Nordiques) to end their arena's history with a playoff victory.

Basketball
The Coliseum was home to the New York Nets of the American Basketball Association, and later the National Basketball Association, from 1972 to 1977. The first event at the Coliseum was a Nets game against the Pittsburgh Condors on February 11, 1972.

The Nets won two ABA Championships in the Coliseum, with Hall of Famer Julius Erving headlining the team. In 1973–74 the Nets defeated the Utah Stars in five games to capture their first title. The Nets then captured the final American Basketball Association Championship in 1976, defeating the Denver Nuggets in six games. Following the 1976 season the Nets joined the National Basketball Association as part of the ABA–NBA merger. After their first season in the NBA, the Nets moved to New Jersey. The New Jersey Nets played four seasons at the Rutgers Athletic Center before completion of the Meadowlands Arena at the Meadowlands Sports Complex.

In NCAA Division I men's college basketball, the Coliseum hosted the ECAC Metro Region tournament organized by the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) in 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. It also has hosted first- and second-round games of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 1982, 1994, and 2001.

On November 5, 2015, the Nets announced their new NBA D-League team, the Long Island Nets, would play at the renovated Coliseum starting in 2017 (the team played their first season at their parent team's home, the Barclays Center).

Other sports
The Coliseum also hosted the New York Arrows and later the New York Express of the original Major Indoor Soccer League. The Arrows, which existed as a franchise from 1978 to 1984, won the first four MISL championships. The short-lived New York Express played part of the 1986–87 season, ending operations before the All-Star break with financial troubles and a 3–23 record.

The New York Sets of World Team Tennis played their first match at Nassau Coliseum on May 7, 1974, and won the WTT championships in 1976. The team changed its name to the New York Apples for the 1977 season, and played 12 of its 22 home matches at Madison Square Garden and the Felt Forum, repeating as champions. Prior to the 1978 season, the Apples announced that they would leave the Coliseum and play all their home matches in the Madison Square Garden complex.

The Coliseum was home to the New York Saints of the National Lacrosse League from 1989 to 2003. In 2007, it was home to four of the New York Titans National Lacrosse League team's eight home games (along with Madison Square Garden).

In 2000 and 2005, the Professional Bull Riders brought their Built Ford Tough Series (originally Bud Light Cup) to the Coliseum.

On February 24–25, 2006, the Coliseum hosted the 44th NYSPHSAA Wrestling Championships. It was just the third time the annual event has been held on Long Island. Selling 17,755 tickets over three sessions, it broke (and still holds) the NYSPHSAA wrestling tournament attendance record.

On July 19–20, 2014, the Global RallyCross Championship raced at the Nassau Coliseum parking lot.

On July 22, 2017, the Coliseum hosted UFC on Fox: Weidman vs. Gastelum.

In February 2018, the Coliseum hosted the New York Open, an ATP 250 men's tennis tournament replacing the long-running Memphis Open.

In 2019, the Coliseum became the home of the National Lacrosse League's New York Riptide.

Seating capacity
The seating capacity for hockey during the life of the arena has been:
 * 13,571 (1972–1973)
 * 14,665 (1972–1973)
 * 14,865 (1973–1976)
 * 15,317 (1976–1978)
 * 14,995 (1978–1980)
 * 15,008 (1980–1981)
 * 15,230 (1982–1983)
 * 15,850 (1983–1984)
 * 16,002 (1984–1986)
 * 16,270 (1986–1987)
 * 16,297 (1987–2001)
 * 16,234 (2001–2009)
 * 16,250 (2009–2012)
 * 16,170 (2012–2015)
 * 13,917 (2017–present)

Concerts
Elvis Presley performed four sold-out concerts at the Nassau Coliseum on June 22, 23 & 24, 1973. His last Coliseum appearance was on July 19, 1975. In 1977, Elvis had been scheduled for an August 22 concert as part of his second tour of the year, but he died on August 16, the day before the tour was to start. Tickets for the show have become collectors' items. Several of the songs included on The Beach Boys In Concert album were recorded at The Nassau Coliseum.

The Beach Boys performed to a sold-out audience on June 14, 1974. Their tour promoted the recently released Holland album and featured a set list of recent songs as well as several of their early '60s hits. They were joined onstage by Elton John and Paul Simon for the encore performance. David Bowie performed a radio broadcast from there during his Isolar Tour, in support of the album Station to Station. A heavily circulated bootleg of the concert saw official release in 2010 as part of the 2010 reissue of the album, and in 2017 as a separate release, Live Nassau Coliseum '76. Queen played at the Coliseum on February 6, 1977, during their A Day at the Races Tour. The band used footage of their performance of "Tie Your Mother Down" in the song's promotional film. They would return on November 19, 1978, on their Jazz Tour.

Led Zeppelin played three nights at the Nassau Coliseum on their 1975 North American Tour. During the second night, February 13, Ronnie Wood of the Faces and The Rolling Stones joined the band for a rousing rendition of "Communication Breakdown." High quality soundboard recordings of the band's performances on February 13 and 14 have surfaced on bootlegs.

The Jacksons played a night at the coliseum as part of The Jacksons Spring Tour on April 10 and 11, 1977, Destiny World Tour on November 8, 1979, and played a night at the coliseum as part of the Triumph Tour on August 7, 1981.

Blue Öyster Cult recorded a live version of "Dr. Music" in Nassau Coliseum on December 30, 1981, that was subsequently released on the Extraterrestrial Live album in April 1982.

The Coliseum was one of only two venues in the United States where Pink Floyd mounted their limited run of shows for The Wall Tour. The group performed five concerts from February 24 through 28, 1980 one of which was filmed and only appeared as an underground tape. In August 1988, they recorded and filmed the Delicate Sound of Thunder over four nights at the Coliseum. They first played the venue in June 1975 on their Wish You Were Here Tour.

Live on Long Island 04–18–80 by The Marshall Tucker Band was the original lineup's final concert and the final recording of bassist and founding member Tommy Caldwell, who died just ten days later in an automobile accident. Tommy Caldwell is pictured on the album cover. The Coliseum album was the first to feature a complete concert from the original band. However, the album wasn't released until 26 years later. The band was touring in support of their album Tenth at the time, and the recording features the songs "It Takes Time" and "Cattle Drive" from that release as well as classics such as "Heard It in a Love Song", "Searchin' for a Rainbow" and "Can't You See".

Billy Joel has a "retired number" banner hanging from the rafters, along with those of Islander greats, to commemorate his many sold-out Coliseum shows. His "retired number" is 69. One of Joel's concerts from his 1982 tour at the Coliseum was recorded for a 1983 HBO concert special and VHS/Laser Disc release, Billy Joel: Live From Long Island.

Bruce Springsteen has performed at the arena numerous times, most notably during a three-night stand in December 1980. A number of songs from these shows were part of his 1986 live album, Live/1975–85, and full recordings of the three performances were released between 2015 and 2021. The New Year's Eve show in particular is often regarded by fans as one of the greatest gigs of Springsteen's career.

Supertramp performed at the Coliseum on their final tour with Roger Hodgson in 1983 in support of their ...Famous Last Words... album. Styx performed at the Coliseum on their final tour with the band's classic lineup in 1983 in support of their Kilroy Was Here album before guitarist Tommy Shaw quit towards the end of the tour (they also played on the Main Event/Pieces of Eight Tour, Grand Decathlon/Cornerstone Tour and Paradise Theatre tours as well prior to it). The 1986 live album Finyl Vinyl by Rainbow features a rendition of the song "Can't Happen Here" which was recorded at Nassau Coliseum in 1981.

The 1987 home video Cliff 'Em All features a rendition of the song "Master of Puppets" by Metallica, filmed at Nassau Coliseum on April 28, 1986 (while the band was opening a show for Ozzy Osbourne).

The Spice Girls performed 2 sold-out shows on February 6 and 7, 2008 as part of their Return of the Spice Girls Tour.

Both The Grateful Dead and Phish frequently played the Coliseum, concerts yielding live albums in both cases: Go to Nassau, Wake Up to Find Out, Dick's Picks Volume 13, Spring 1990: So Glad You Made It, Spring 1990 (album), Spring 1990 (The Other One) by the Dead; and three installments of the Live Phish Series—4–2–98, 4–3–98 and 2-28-03. The Grateful Dead holds the record for the most performances at the venue by a single act with 42 total shows. A banner was raised during a 2019 Dead & Company show commemorating the 44 combined performances by the Grateful Dead and Dead & Company.

Genesis' performance at the Coliseum on November 29, 1981 (during the band's Abacab Tour) was recorded and filmed for the band's Three Sides Live album and concert video plus radio broadcast.

Frank Zappa played his final U.S. show on March 25, 1988 at the Coliseum. He was joined onstage by his son, Dweezil Zappa, for the concert's encores.

Pink Floyd performed between August 19 and 23, 1988, on their A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour. The majority of the subsequent live double album Delicate Sound of Thunder was recorded during these shows.

In March 1990, the country supergroup The Highwaymen performed at the Coliseum. Their performance was recorded and was released on VHS in 1991.

On June 11–13, 1990, Madonna performed three sold-out shows at Nassau Coliseum on her Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990 which totaled an attendance of 51,000 patrons with a gross of $1.5 million.

From June 19 to June 23, 1991, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Coming Out Of Their Shells Tour played at Nassau.

The inside sleeve to Morrissey's 1992 album Your Arsenal was shot at a performance at the Coliseum on November 11, 1991.

Professional wrestling
Nassau has been a mainstay of WWE for over 30 years, and has hosted Raw and SmackDown many times, including the taping of a SmackDown episode where professional wrestler Droz suffered a (untelevised) career-ending injury in 1999. On August 25, 2002, SummerSlam was hosted at the Coliseum. On April 10, 2017, the renovated Coliseum hosted its first episode of Raw. In October 2018, the Coliseum hosted Evolution, the promotion's first all-women's pay-per-view event.

The Coliseum hosted the opening leg of WrestleMania 2 on April 7, 1986. As part of an ambitious plan to host WrestleMania from three separate venues (also used were the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago and the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena), 16,585 fans saw 4 live matches at the Coliseum with the rest of the event shown to the audience by closed-circuit television. The main event at the Nassau leg was a boxing match between Rowdy Roddy Piper and tough-guy actor Mr. T.

The Coliseum hosted its first AEW pay-per-view, AEW Worlds End on December 30, 2023.

The Nassau Coliseum also hosted several editions of now-defunct WCW's Monday Nitro. The Coliseum was the only Tri-State area venue the Southern-based WCW was allowed to hold events.

In film
Scenes for the 2007 movie Music and Lyrics starring Hugh Grant and Drew Barrymore were filmed at the arena.

Redevelopment
The Coliseum was the second-oldest arena in active use by a National Hockey League team (after nearby Madison Square Garden), and until the return of the Winnipeg Jets to the league at the 15,004-seat Canada Life Centre in Winnipeg, was the smallest arena in the NHL by total seating capacity. The arena had been considered obsolete for many years, and various Islanders owners tried to replace it.

The Lighthouse Project
Team and county officials announced in 2004 a plan called The Lighthouse Project to renovate the Coliseum. The project's centerpiece was a 60-story tower that would look like a lighthouse. Other plans included new housing, athletic facilities, a minor league baseball stadium, restaurants, and a hotel. The project would also add trees, water and other natural elements to the area.

On August 14, 2007, Islanders owner Charles Wang and the Lighthouse Development Group partnered with Rexcorp to create a new plan. The 60-story "lighthouse" evolved into two 31-story buildings connected by a footbridge at the top. The project was transformed from a simple renovation of the Coliseum property into a 150 acre transformation of surrounding properties. Plans called for more 2,000 residential units (20% affordable housing), a hotel, a convention center, a sports technology center, 500000 sqft of retail space, and a sports complex next to the renovated Coliseum. The overall project was slated to cost roughly $3.75 billion.

Construction was not planned to begin until at least mid-2009. Nassau County approved the Lighthouse Project in 2006 on a 16–2 vote, and the Draft Environmental Impact Statement was completed after a state-mandated environmental review. The Lighthouse Project was then expected to go before the Town of Hempstead for approval on a change in land zoning. However, the approval was never granted. After the October 2009 deadline passed, the Long Island Press reported the Lighthouse Project's cancellation. Wang has denied the report.

In May 2010, Mets COO Jeff Wilpon had discussions with Wang about constructing an arena for the Islanders near Citi Field. Wilpon has also discussed buying the Islanders. In June 2010, the FanHouse website reported Jeff and Fred Wilpon, the owner of the Mets, began working with real estate firm Jones Lang LaSalle (who also worked on Madison Square Garden's latest renovation) on a feasibility study of a new Islanders arena in Queens. However, a source from Newsday indicated the FanHouse report was not true. There were also reports businessman Nelson Peltz wanted to buy the Islanders and move them to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn.

2011 proposal to replace arena
On July 12, 2010, Town Supervisor Kate Murray (R-Hempstead) announced an "alternate zone" for the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum property that downsized the Lighthouse Project to half its proposed size and made the project, according to Nassau County Executive Edward Mangano and the developers, "economically unviable for both the developer and owner of the site." As a result, Wang, Mangano and the developers decided they would no longer pursue the project.

On May 11, 2011, the Islanders and Nassau County executives announced that county residents would vote on a referendum for approval of a $400 million public bond issue for a new plan to replace the Coliseum. The plan, including the construction of a new $350 million arena as well as a $50 million minor league baseball ballpark nearby, was presented by Wang as a last-ditch effort to keep the Islanders on Long Island. However, voters in Nassau County rejected a proposal by a 57% to 43% margin on August 1, 2011.

On October 24, 2012, the Islanders announced the team would move to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn after their lease expired at the end of the 2014–2015 season. The Islanders played their final game at the Coliseum on April 25, 2015, beating the Washington Capitals 3–1 in Game 6 of the first round of the playoffs against the Washington Capitals forcing a Game 7, held in and won by Washington, ending the Islanders' run at the Coliseum; in Game 6 Cal Clutterbuck of the Islanders scored the final NHL goal in the building, an empty netter at 19:07 of the third period.

Renovation
Not long after the Islanders announced their move to Brooklyn, Forest City Enterprises, the owner of Barclays Center, was chosen to perform a study on development possibilities for the Nassau Coliseum site. A request for proposal was issued as a result of this study to transform the arena into a smaller sized venue and its surrounding parking lot into an entertainment hub with theaters, sports bars, and retail.

Four competing proposals were submitted in May 2013, and Nassau County Executive Edward Mangano selected two finalists in July 2013, including one from a group led by Forest City Ratner. Ratner's proposal called for a reduction of the Coliseum's capacity to 13,000 seats and a revamp of the arena's interior and concrete facade designed by SHoP Architects, the firm which designed the Barclays Center, which would cost the group approximately $89 million. As part of his bid, the Islanders would play 6 games per season in the arena, the Brooklyn Nets would play one exhibition game, and a minor league hockey team would call the arena home.

On August 15, 2013, Nassau County announced Forest City had won the bid for the renovation of the Nassau Coliseum and the surrounding property, pending approval from the Nassau legislature and zoning changes from the Hempstead town government. The Nassau County Legislature unanimously approved the bid on September 24, 2013.

Billy Joel performed the arena's final pre-renovation concert on August 4, 2015.

On April 5, 2017, a Billy Joel concert was the arena's first post-renovation event. Other acts that performed during the new Coliseum's opening week include Stevie Nicks, The Pretenders, Idina Menzel, Lionel Richie, Mariah Carey, and Marc Anthony.

On November 4, 2016, Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment reached a naming rights deal with New York Community Bank. The cost of the naming rights and the agreement's length were not disclosed. The deal with the county mandated the inclusion of "Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum" in the arena's name; the naming rights were initially announced as having named the venue "Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum presented by New York Community Bank", but this was later revised to NYCB Live: Home of the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.

Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus performed their final show at Nassau Coliseum on May 21, 2017. This was their only show at Nassau Coliseum post-renovation.

Belmont Park arena and Islanders’ temporary return
In late January 2017, Bloomberg News reported via internal sources that Barclays Center was considering dropping the Islanders due to poor attendance and their effects on the venue's profits. The venue has received a poor reception as a hockey arena due to poor sight lines and ice conditions, as Barclays was primarily designed as a basketball arena. Newsday reported that Nassau County executive Edward Mangano had met with Islanders co-owner Jonathan Ledecky, and he told the paper the Islanders could return to the renovated Nassau Coliseum. These reports were further elaborated by Long Island Association president Kevin Law in April 2017, who stated that Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment (who manages both venues) was preparing to offer a relocation plan to the team. Law felt that the alternate option of seeking a new arena in Belmont Park was redundant to the renovated Coliseum. The Islanders played a preseason game against the Philadelphia Flyers on September 17, 2017, their first appearance at the renovated Coliseum.

The renovation project reduced the capacity of the arena to 13,900, a level which was believed to be unsustainable for an NHL team; in comparison, the Islanders' average attendance at Barclays was 12,059, the lowest in the NHL (Barclays Center was the second-smallest arena in the NHL based on seating capacity at 15,795, which was around 400 seats fewer than the Coliseum pre-renovation). As such, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman felt that returning was not a "viable option" for the Islanders, but noted that the team was "in the process of evaluating what makes the most sense for the franchise and particularly for their fans."

In December 2017, New York Arena Partners (a venture of the Islanders, Oak View Group, and Sterling Equities) won a bid to construct a new, 18,000-seat arena and mixed-use district at Belmont Park, beating a competing proposal by New York City FC for a new soccer stadium. The new arena opened for the 2021–22 season.

In January 2018, Islanders owner Jon Ledecky revealed on WFAN's Boomer and Gio that he had toured the renovated Coliseum with Bettman and other senior NHL officials. They assessed that the Islanders could play a limited schedule of home games at the Coliseum, but that it would not be sustainable as a full-time venue because of its capacity and diminished amenities (such as few corporate suites) over other newly built arenas. On January 23, 2018, it was reported that Barclays Center was pushing for a short-term lease under which the Islanders would split their home games between Barclays Center and Nassau Coliseum until the Belmont Park arena is completed, with the number of games at the Coliseum steadily increasing for each year of the arrangement.

On June 21, 2018, it was announced that the Islanders would play a portion of their home schedule at the Coliseum until the completion of the new arena, with 12 games moved in the 2018–19 season. The number of games during the 2018–19 season at the Coliseum was later increased to 20.

The Islanders used the Coliseum as their home rink during the first round of the 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs but moved back to the Barclays Center for the rest of the 2019 playoffs.

In September 2019, it was announced that in the 2019–20 season, the Islanders would play 28 of their 41 home games at the Coliseum. On February 29, 2020, state governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the Islanders would play any home playoff games of the 2020 playoffs and all 2020–21 season home games at the Coliseum. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NHL season was suspended and continued in a bio-secure bubble later in the year, with the Islanders playing most of their playoff games at Scotiabank Arena in Toronto before traveling to Rogers Place in Edmonton for the Eastern Conference finals (their first conference finals appearance since 1993).

The Islanders played their final game at the renovated Coliseum on June 23, 2021, defeating the Tampa Bay Lightning 3–2 in overtime of Game 6 of the Stanley Cup semifinals. Anthony Beauvillier scored the final goal of the Islanders' second stint at the Coliseum. However, the Lightning would win Game 7 in Tampa to end the Islanders' season.

New leaseholders
In June 2020, Mikhail Prokhorov, whose company ran the Nassau Coliseum, announced that the arena would be closed indefinitely while it sought new investors to take it over and assume the remaining debt as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. NYCB pulled out of its naming rights contract in late August 2020.

In August 2020, Nassau Coliseum's lease was taken over by Nassau Live Center, LLC, which is headed by a Florida-based businessman Nick Mastroianni II, whose company was responsible for the loan to help with the renovation of the arena. The new leaseholder agreed to let the Islanders play their home games in the arena until the UBS Arena was finished.

Las Vegas Sands redevelopment proposal
In 2023, the Las Vegas Sands entertainment company submitted a bid to lease the property of the Nassau Coliseum and construct an integrated resort, consisting of a casino, 1,670 hotel rooms and convention space, retail, dining and outdoor community spaces, possibly including demolition of the Coliseum. Since the announcement, parts of the local community surrounding the Coliseum has spoken out against it, citing a potential increase of traffic and congestion in the area. The Nassau County Legislature voted 17-1 with one recusal to transfer the Coliseum lease to the Sands,  but in November a state judge struck down the deal, citing the County did not adequately provide enough transparent, public hearings for the project. In May 2024, the county announced it planned to resubmit the lease-transfer application.

title: Nassau Coliseum


text:
Frank Graham

Frank Graham may refer to:

 * Frank D. Graham (1875–1965), American writer of Audel guides
 * Frank Porter Graham (1886–1972), Democratic Senator from North Carolina, 1949–1950, and president of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 * Frank Dunstone Graham (1890–1949), Canadian-born American professor of economics at Princeton University, co-founder of the Mont Pelerin Society
 * Frank Graham (writer) (1893–1965), American sportswriter and biographer
 * Frank Graham (voice actor) (1914–1950), American voice actor and radio announcer
 * Frank L. Graham, Canadian biologist

title: Frank Graham


text:
Willis Smith

Willis Smith (December 19, 1887 – June 26, 1953) was an American attorney and Democratic U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1950 and 1953.

Early life and education
Born in Norfolk Virginia, he moved to North Carolina before age 2. After graduating from Trinity College (now the undergraduate liberal arts college of Duke University) in 1910 and Duke University Law School in 1912, he became a practicing attorney—but interrupted his work to serve in the United States Army during World War I. In 1912, he founded the law firm that eventually became known as Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jernigan (informally "Smith Anderson").

Political career
Smith served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1927 to 1932, and was briefly the speaker of that body in 1931. He also served as a U.S. observer at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946, as chairman of the American delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union in Bern, Switzerland in 1952, as chairman of the Duke University board of trustees (1947 - 1953), and as president of the American Bar Association (1945-1946).

In the Democratic primary of 1950, Smith defeated incumbent Sen. Frank Porter Graham for the nomination. Graham had been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. Melville Broughton and had served only a little over a year at the time of his defeat. In a campaign distinguished by race-baiting, Graham, who was well known for his civil rights sympathies, was supported by President Harry Truman and the state's liberal Democratic faction, while Smith was aided by strategist Jesse Helms.

Smith's service in the Senate was brief and unremarkable.

Death
He died due to coronary thrombosis in 1953 in Bethesda, Maryland and was interred at the Historic Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh, North Carolina.

title: Willis Smith


text:
Alton Lennon

Alton Asa Lennon (August 17, 1906 – December 28, 1986) was an American Democratic politician who represented North Carolina in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. He first served as an interim appointment to the Senate from 1953 to 1954, unsuccessfully sought re-election, and later represented the Cape Fear region in the House from 1957 to 1973. Lennon is one of very few former senators in modern times to serve in the House after leaving the Senate.

Early life and education
Lennon was born in Wilmington, North Carolina August 17, 1906. He was the son of Rosser Yates Lennon and Minnie (High) Lennon. He attended the public schools, and graduated from Wake Forest College in 1929. He was admitted to the bar in 1929 and began practice in Wilmington. He married Karine Welch on October 12, 1933.

Political career
Lennon served as the judge of New Hanover County Recorder's Court from 1934 to 1942. He was elected to the North Carolina State Senate in 1947, and served until 1951. Lennon was appointed on July 10, 1953, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Willis Smith and served from July 10, 1953, to November 28, 1954. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the nomination in 1954 to fill the vacancy. He resumed law practice, then was elected as a Democrat to the 85th Congress, and was reelected to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1973).

Lennon voted in Congress against civil rights and social legislation, although about half of the constituents in his district were African-Americans or Native Americans. Lennon voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968 as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 1966, he was the only Southerner to vote against citing seven Ku Klux Klan leaders for contempt of Congress. He said, "I never heard it said that Klansmen were subversive or affiliated with any foreign government to overthrow the United States." In 1966, Lennon urged that North Vietnamese ports be bombed, and in 1967 he called for the Justice Department to prosecute Stokely Carmichael, the black activist, for making statements against the military draft.

He declined to seek reelection in 1972. Although he was a Democrat, Lennon campaigned for the re-election of Senator Jesse Helms, the conservative Republican, in 1978.

Personal life and legacy
He was a resident of Wilmington, N.C., until his death there December 28, 1986.

In 1976, the Federal Building and Courthouse at Wilmington was named in his honor.

title: Alton Lennon


text:
Flick

Flick of Flicks may refer to:

Arts

 * Flick, slang term for film or movie
 * Chick flick, slang, sometimes derogatory, term for films aimed at a female audience
 * Flick (2000 film), Irish film
 * Flick (2008 film), a campy British horror film written and directed by David Howard
 * The Flick, a 2013 off-Broadway play by Annie Baker
 * Flicks (film), a 1982 anthology comedy film

Characters

 * Felicity Scully ("Flick"), a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours
 * Flick, a character from the 1983 Christmas film A Christmas Story
 * Flick Duck, a character from the American animated children's television series PB&J Otter
 * Herr Otto Flick, a fictional character in the BBC sitcom 'Allo 'Allo!
 * Tracy Flick, a fictional character who is the subject of the 1998 novel Election by Tom Perrotta

Surname

 * Bertolt Flick (born 1964), German businessman
 * Elmer Flick (1876–1971), American baseball player
 * Flick family, a German family with an industrial empire
 * Friedrich Flick (1883–1972), German industrialist and convicted Nazi war criminal
 * Flick Trial, the fifth of twelve Nazi war crimes trials held by United States authorities in their occupation zone in Germany
 * Otto-Ernst Flick (1916–1974), oldest of three sons born to Marie and Friedrich Flick in 1916 in Germany
 * Friedrich Karl Flick (1927–2006), German-Austrian industrialist and billionaire
 * Gert-Rudolf Flick (born 1943), German art historian and collector
 * Friedrich Christian Flick (born 1944), German-Swiss art collector
 * Donatella Flick, Italian philanthropist
 * Hansi Flick (born 1965), German football manager and former player
 * James Patton Flick (1845–1929), two-term Republican U.S. Representative
 * Lawrence Flick (1856–1938), American physician
 * Thorsten Flick (born 1976), German footballer

Given name

 * Flick Colby (1946–2011), American dancer and choreographer
 * Flick Rea, English Liberal Democrat politician

Other

 * DVD Flick, an open source DVD authoring application for Windows
 * Flick (fencing), a technique used in modern fencing
 * Flick (physics), a unit of spectral radiance
 * Flick (time), a unit of time a bit longer than a nanosecond, created by Facebook, used in video production
 * Flicks (website), an online platform for moviegoers hosted by Vista Group International
 * Flicks (Cartoon Network), a 2008–14 Cartoon Network programming block

title: Flick


text:
Pavle Ivić

Pavle Ivić (Павле Ивић, ; 1 December 1924 – 19 September 1999) was a Serbian South Slavic dialectologist and phonologist.

Biography
Both his field work and his synthesizing studies were extensive and authoritative. A few of his best-known publications are:
 * Die serbokroatischen Dialekte, ihre Struktur und Entwicklung, Gravenhage, Mouton, 1958
 * Srpski narod i njegov jezik (The Serbian People and Their Language). Belgrade, 1971;
 * Word and sentence prosody in Serbocroatian, by Ilse Lehiste and Pavle Ivić. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986.

He edited many periodicals and scholarly series, and was an important figure in the Slavic Linguistic Atlas project. He was an authority on the standardization of the Serbian language. He frequently lectured in the U.S. and other countries, and was an Honorary Member of the Linguistic Society of America.

A member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, he took part in the polemics accompanying the breakdown of 1945-1991 Yugoslavia. He was as signatory of the 1986 Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

He was married to Milka Ivić (1923-2011), a Slavic syntactician and professor.

title: Pavle Ivić


text:
B. Everett Jordan

Benjamin Everett Jordan (September 8, 1896 – March 15, 1974) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Senator from North Carolina from 1958 to 1973.

Early life and education
The eldest of six children, B. Everett Jordan was born in Ramseur, North Carolina, to Rev. Henry Harrison and Annie Elizabeth (née Sellars) Jordan. His father was a Methodist minister who also worked as a circuit rider. After receiving his early education at public schools, he attended Rutherford College Preparatory School from 1912 to 1913.

In 1914, Jordan enrolled at Trinity College (now Duke University) in Durham. He dropped out the following year and moved to Wellington, Kansas, where he went to work at his uncle's jewelry store. Towards the end of World War I, he served overseas with the Tank Corps of the United States Army (1918–1919). He was later assigned to the occupation forces in Germany.

Business career
Following his military service, Jordan returned to North Carolina and became a floor sweeper at Myrtle Textile Mill in Gastonia. He became the plant superintendent of the Gastonia Textile Company in 1923. Four years later, in 1927, he and his family purchased an abandoned textile mill in Saxapahaw, renaming it Sellars Manufacturing Company. He served as the company's secretary-treasurer and general manager, later turning over management to his sons in order to focus on his political career. He also helped revive the Saxapahaw community, employing local residents and building a community center.

In addition to working with his family's business, Jordan served as general manager, treasurer, and director of the Jordan Spinning Company near Franklinville, and held the same positions with the Royal Cotton Mill Company in Wake Forest. He was also secretary-treasurer of the National Processing Company in Burlington, and director of the Cotton Textile Institute and of the North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers Association. A devout Methodist like his father, he was an adult Bible instructor (1927–1958), chairman of the Methodist Board of Stewards (1930–1950), and vice-president of the Board of Methodist Colleges (1952–1956).

Political career
Jordan became active in Democratic politics in the 1930s, working as a fundraiser for the North Carolina Democratic Party. The husband of his first cousin, W. Kerr Scott, was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1948. From 1949 to 1954, he served as chairman of the Democratic State Executive Committee. He was a Democratic National Committeeman from 1954 to 1958. He also served as a member of the North Carolina Peace Officers Benefit and Retirement Commission (1943–1958) and of the North Carolina Medical Care Commission (1945–1951), and chairman of the board of trustees of Alamance County General Hospital.

U.S. Senate
Governor Scott had been elected a United States Senator in 1954, but died four years later. On April 19, 1958, Jordan was appointed to the Senate by Governor Luther H. Hodges to fill the vacancy caused by Scott's death. On November 4 of that year, he was elected to complete the final two years of Scott's term, defeating Republican Richard C. Clarke Jr. by a margin of 70%–30%.

As chairman of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration (1963–1973), he led the investigation of Senate aide Bobby Baker in 1964. Jordan supported research in medical science and agriculture, industrial uses of farm products, missile development, and space exploration. He sponsored the Cotton Allotment Transfer Act, which assisted farmers with small allotments. Like most Southern senators, he was a supporter of segregation. Although he supported the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964, he later joined a majority of senators in calling for American forces to be brought home. At this, his senior colleague, Sam Ervin, asked him, "Everett, have you lost your mind?"

He was re-elected to the Senate in 1960 and 1966. Jordan was unseated in the 1972 Democratic primary by Representative Nick Galifianakis of Durham. Jordan polled only 44.5 percent in the primary, to 55.5 percent for Galifianakis. Galifianakis in turn was defeated by Republican Jesse Helms in the general election. At the time, Jordan was 76 and his health was beginning to fail.

1972 sniper incident
On May 29, 1972, Jordan escaped injury during a shooting while campaigning at Raleigh's North Hills Shopping Center, when 22-year-old Harvey Glenn McLeod opened fire from the parking lot with a Ruger 10/22 rifle, killing four people and injuring seven others before taking his own life. Jordan press aide Wes Hayden sustained critical injuries in the shooting; he made a surprisingly swift recovery and returned to his office in just one month. McLeod's motives were inscrutable, although his mother described him as "nervous and depressed" prior to the incident. McLeod was not believed to be targeting Jordan, whose campaign stop at the shopping center was unannounced.

Death and legacy
Jordan died at his home in Saxapahaw, at age 77. He is buried at Pine Hill Cemetery in Burlington.

B. Everett Jordan Lake, in Chatham County, North Carolina, is named for Senator Jordan, as well as the elementary school in Saxapahaw, North Carolina, B. Everett Jordan Elementary School, part of the Alamance-Burlington School System.

Personal life
In 1924, Jordan married Katherine McLean, to whom he remained married until his death. The couple had two sons, Benjamin Everett Jr. and John McLean, and one daughter, Rose Ann.

title: B. Everett Jordan


text: User talk:68.84.52.191

title: User talk:68.84.52.191


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/ChrisDJackson/

User:ChrisDJackson (Kingturtle)
Chris Jackson has made more than 150 edits to Al Gore in less than five days. Who knows what damage is done. It is going to take some time to make sure nothing important was lost. This is a waste of all our time, and a burden. This craziness has got to stop. Kingturtle 08:18, 3 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * I would like to replace my comment from 2 months ago. Chris Jackson is making a strong effort to learn the wikipedia-ropes. His posts, knowledge and energy are a boon to wikipedia. Have patience. Be a teacher. Kingturtle 04:50, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I would like to add that the comment from 2 months ago is still accurate today. The longer we wait to stop this, the worse the damage is going to be.  I've seen him supposedly make an effort time and again, but then he goes right back to making claims which turn out to be false.  Perhaps he just doesn't understand, or perhaps he is being obtuse intentionally, but it's not worth it trusting him any more unless he is going to start documenting every single one of his major edits. Anthony DiPierro 04:56, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The user in question appears to be a partisan of the Democratic Party; his goal seems to be to provide POV articles on Democratic politicians, whom he name-drops often. Scooter 09:39, 3 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I am a democrat, which is documented in my talk page. However, I don't believe that info such as the Clinton Administration creating 22 million jobs and such is POV.  You may not like it but it is the truth.  If you can point me to a page from my contributions where I have had a POV towards a Dem, please let me see.  If you notice, I also have edited Republican pages fairly like the Quayle page.  I helped that page immensely.  I also do not name often.  I stated that I knew Al Gore and that is it.  It seems the problem here there are a few people who want to lie and exaggerate on me, that is it. ChrisDJackson 23:29, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Name-dropping is not a crime around here. Also, according to the U.S. national archives, 22 million jobs were created during the Clinton years. How is that POV? Kingturtle 23:37, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Anthony is taking down the link at Earth in the Balance which links to a compendium of the book. Someone please check his behavior. ChrisDJackson 23:40, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

From Vandalism in progress:

Appears to be vandalizing Al Gore. Seth Ilys 04:29, 30 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Has now created the User:ChrisDJackson account, but continues to vandalize Al Gore. RickK 04:11, 1 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Now messing with Clinton-Gore Administration, formerly Clinton administration. - Seth Ilys 00:19, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Much of Clinton-Gore Administration is copied from http://www.americanhistory.or.kr/book/files/ethirteen07.html. But I'm tired of not getting any support in my battle with this guy (hear that, Jiang?), and have given Chris full support to wage his POV war.  RickK 00:23, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * I think part of his website sheds light on why he might be having problems writing neutrally. Maximus Rex 00:26, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * He seems to be generally well-meaning, just writing with a *very* strong POV. - Seth Ilys 00:34, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Please, someone with the proper counselling skills tell this guy to stay away from the Al Gore article and any related subjects. This is more of POV over-enthusiasim than vandalism. Make Clinton-Gore Administration into a redirect to bill Clinton, like Clinton Administration is. --Jiang 09:00, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * User:ChrisDJackson has now set his sights on George W. Bush...as you may infer, there are several unflattering items that have been added which probably should be more carefully researched, or at the very least, NPOV language should be employed. Scooter 00:28, 4 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * ChrisDJackson contravenes the basic rules of wikipedia by making offensive personal attacks against other users. eg, "Hey stupid, how about you just mind your business." and "if you can't do better than that in your feble attempts, go home little child." (from User talk:ChrisDJackson). --snoyes 06:06, 10 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * You dang right I do. You can report it all you want.  This is a troll who is making false accusations and I want it to stop. ChrisDJackson

 * Who is the troll? You seem to call everyone who questions your edits a 'troll'. I guess that would make me a 'troll' too. Out of your 435 contributions, you have edited Al Gore 181 times. It seems that you are becoming a bit obsessive. Here are a few examples of your editing style, with your edit summaries as the link:

 * STOP! IF YOU PUT GORE'S CONTROVERSIES AND CONSPIRCYS ON HERE, YOU WILL HAVE TO DO IT TO EVERY OTHER PERSON
 * (No edit summary)
 * (No edit summary)
 * (No edit summary)
 * (No edit summary)

 * Bottom line is, you seem to be an overly confrontational user who is obsessed with Al Gore, and let this obsession show through in your edits. - Mark 03:26, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Restoring the archived conflict subject. ChrisDJackson just made a massive delete of the talk at Talk:Al Gore without comment, after the page was protected because of an edit war in which he insisted on installing a copyrighted photo. Chris loves copyrighted pictures, and continues repeated edit wars in order to put the copyrighted pictures he's uploaded onto page after page. RickK 03:50, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Rick why do you continue to lie? I deleted it to make room for the new discussion because the old ones were dead. You would have to scroll forever to get to the bottom and you knew that. Your continued lying and exaggerating is pathetic. User:ChrisDJackson
 * Not one word was a lie. You DID delete the vast majority of the Talk page without comment, didn't you? RickK 04:52, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * It is an easy mistake. I made it myself when I was new here. We can't assume that every newcomer knows every single protocol here. Kingturtle 04:53, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I asked Chris to try to work to a compromise on the Al Gore disputed paragraphs. I believe that he was trying to make space for that conversation. I think it was a good idea that was poorly implemented. I have made an archive subpage for the prior discussion and asked that we work on an issue at a time before bringing stale discussions back to the Talk page. - Texture 04:11, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

ChrisDJackson (RickK)
User:ChrisDJackson is insisting on uploading photos whose copyright status he refuses to explain. His comment : I am not explaining everything I upload or add to this site, because I don't have to. RickK 00:12, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Yea and I will continue to. This issue was resolved a month ago, so there is nothing to discuss. I do not have to explain anything, becuase I have already have. User:ChrisDJackson
 * Could you please provide a link to where you already have explained everything ? theresa knott 04:07, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Chris, please get in the habit of giving explicit descriptions for each new image you upload. As for previous images, you may have explained things, but you have not fully updated the descriptions in the photos in question. Make sure that gets done too. We cannot take chances on copyrights. Kingturtle 10:09, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

If this doesn't stop, he needs to be banned. A quick sampling of his "contributions" to the Al Gore article shows the majority of it to be copied from other places on the internet. I'm willing to give him the benefit of the doubt, and consider that it might not be malicious, but even so if he cannot be convinced to stop contributing copyrighted works to wikipedia he is causing us far more harm than good. Anthony DiPierro 05:29, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

There are thousands of photos on wikipedia of unknown status! Why pick on these in particular? Secretlondon 20:07, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * To step out of character for a moment and support Anthony's position... Any user who is discovered to repeatedly submit copyrighted material is reason to pick on those images and that user. Why those in particular?  Because (if true) they were investigated and determined to be copyrighted.  The ones of unknown status will be dealt with when investigated. (In any regulated environment, you do not have special responsibiliy to report illegal actions until you are aware of them - then you must.) - Texture 20:58, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Submitting copyrighted images should not get people picked on, because we want copyrighted images. All GFDL-licensed images are copyrighted and them being copyrighted is key to how and why the GFDL works. The "GFDL is against copyright" view is one often espoused by those who want to portray the GFDL as an attack on copyright, not as a user of copyright, so we shouldn't fall into the trap of agreeing with them. What we have problems with are images with unkown origin and hence unknown copyright status, because we can't tell potential reusers anything meaningful about whether they are reusable. That means that they must all eventually be replaced with images whose origin we do know. Jamesday 06:44, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Well said. I think many of us concerned about copyrighted images are referring to images obtained without permission or images of unknown ownership. - Texture 06:47, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * What texture said. But to ask a rhetorical question in response, there are thousands of other users on Wikipedia.  Why are you following me around in particular and criticising everything I do? Anthony DiPierro 21:41, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Just got this on my talk page:
 * Let me tell you, you have to be the biggest ass I have ever saw. You came here a disrupted troll and have managed to do enough favors to become some type of police person. You do nothing expect stalk and cause problems. You can take your copyrighting and suspect investigations and shove them. User:ChrisDJackson

Anthony DiPierro 00:04, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * This is the same guy who came around here at the begining of the year as someone who did not have an account and was being a troll and uploading nasty images. Now he thinks he can go around questioning everyone and accussing everyone of things he knows nothing about.  He has tried to revert everything I add and I am getting tired of it.  And no, I am not going to stop just because this jerk is a stalker. User:ChrisDJackson

 * Chris -- whatever Anthony has done in other instances does not make it OK for you to be involved in an edit war with a bunch of people. You were reverting other people's changes long before he became involved: . Please reconsider your position while the page is protected. BCorr ¤ Брайен 00:57, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Image:NukesGulf_B-61.jpg&diff=2578672&oldid=2578615
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Possible_copyright_infringements&diff=2579222&oldid=2579216

ChrisDJackson has, from his first days on Wikipedia, repeatedly engaged in edit and revert wars (on Al Gore, Bill Clinton, Dan Quayle and other articles), reverting back to edits that are contrary to stated and widely accepted Wikipedia policy. He has been called and confronted on these issues numerous times and has not demonstrated even a willingness to change his behavior or be open to other points of view. He has personally insulted multiple Wikipedians, including Angela, Jiang, Anthony and Mav. He is, in brief, an unrepentant nuisance. - Seth Ilys 03:57, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Another copyvio, from http://www.oldetimecooking.com/People/adlai_stevenson.htm (search for toyed). I have serious doubts as to whether any of this guy's contributions are his own original words or images. Anthony DiPierro 05:07, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

from (search for spending)

from (copyright The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia)

 * Are you gay? Or are you just an obsessed stalker?  Can you not find anyone else to follow?  As I said the Stevenson peice was adapted from the Princeton Review, which is open source.  If you would have read the link you provided saying it was Copyvio, you would know that from there too.  The Tipper Gore story is no where close to being copyvio.  There are only about 2 things that are the same in there, which is hardly copyvio.  So grow up and quit following me you stalker!  User:ChrisDJackson

And this nonsense is typical of the response I get. Can someone do something about this? Or are we going to continue to allow our works to be destroyed by this? Anthony DiPierro 13:39, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Ban him please. Anthony DiPierro 02:46, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

James Carville http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=James_Carville&dummy=1&diff=2489651&oldid=2420918 from http://www.carville.info/jcbio.html reverted

John F. Kennedy unverified Image:Jfkheadshot.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Robert_F._Kennedy&dummy=1&diff=2708144&oldid=2667392 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Robert_F._Kennedy&dummy=1&diff=2489741&oldid=2424738 from http://pages.prodigy.net/kpmcclave/RFKbio.htm


text:
Agalmatophilia

Agalmatophilia is a paraphilia involving sexual attraction to a statue, doll, mannequin, or other similar figurative object. The attraction may include a desire for actual sexual contact with the object, a fantasy of having sexual (or non-sexual) encounters with an animate or inanimate instance of the preferred object, the act of watching encounters between such objects, or sexual pleasure gained from thoughts of being transformed or transforming another into the preferred object. Agalmatophilia overlaps Pygmalionism, the love for an object of one's own creation, named after the myth of Pygmalion. Agalmatophilia is a form of object sexuality. English poet Edmund Spenser wrote of Pygmalionism in some of his works.

Clinical study
Agalmatophilia is a twentieth-century term for a medicalization of statue-eroticization widely attested in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century legal medicine. Actual historical cases are few. Krafft-Ebing recorded in 1877 the case of a gardener falling in love with a statue of the Venus de Milo and being discovered attempting coitus with it.

title: Agalmatophilia