text:
Talk:In-joke

Old talk
Why is this not at In joke?Mark Richards 22:00, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I always thought "in joke" was just an abbreviation of "inside joke". --Furrykef 10:16, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

We've got a redirect on In-joke to In joke, yet the article starts with in-joke. Decision, please! My vote's for "in-joke". -- Rissa 03:12, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I still vote for "inside joke". --Furrykef 07:39, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

You're probably right. Where's that page on naming conventions? -- Rissa 19:04, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Naming conventions --Furrykef 03:58, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)

typo fairy seems not to be an injoke, see Talk:Typo_fairy -  Melaen 22:33, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Does anyone know the origins of the Story ideas coming from a mail-order business in Schenectady, New York: Science fiction authors joke? --Nynexman4464 22:23, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I also vote at inside joke, but it's pretty late... Is it too late to start a survey? --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 22:12, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

self referential humor
people who read the same encyclopedia

Nice!

--ZekeMacNeil 02:44, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I wonder if this is a meta-in-joke... --Sum0 20:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Shame it's been removed. Pianostar9 (talk) 13:52, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

Category:In-jokes
It occurs to me that a lot of the "In-Jokes" in the category are really just "references" or "running gags". I support removal of "No-one expects the spanish inquisition!", "These aren't the droids you're looking for" and "The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything". --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 22:14, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * And no attept at all is made to show users WHY certain mentions are in-jokes. Okay, the typo fairy is listed... WHY is that an in-joke? It's sort of a complicated thing to express, but at the moment, the "Examples" is really just a pretty non-sensical list. For example (using one that needs to be cut), "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"- The tag line for characters in a recurring Monty Python skit. Something like that, anyway. Someone thought it was an inside joke because they figured only Monty Python fans would know it, and you can get a sense for that with this description. And yes, things like "These aren't the droids..." isn't an inside joke. Like "One ring to rule them all"- it's currently so pop culture, that the general population does know about it, thus running counter to the definition. Gspawn 19:09, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Really, if it doesn't have to be explained, then it's not really an in-joke, then, is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mark Foskey (talk • contribs) 03:39, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Lawyer jokes seem to be almost the opposite of in-jokes; they are jokes told widely outside the legal profession and are generally understood without any special insider knowledge. I've removed this category from the example list.Glendoremus 15:41, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

"private joke"?
is it like a "private joke"?
 * According to the page, it seems that it could be... 85.226.122.222 07:49, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Dictionary vs. Encyclopedia
It seems to me that the most useful part of this page is the definition of "in-joke". To that extent, I think it belongs entirely in a dictionary, rather than an encyclopedia. The material that fills it out doesn't deepen the reader's understanding of what an in-joke is or how it functions. It is, rather, two sets of examples, neither of which could ever be complete, and neither of which is rich with archetypal examples. I propose that the entire page be turned into a link to the Wiktionary page for inside joke.

Lists of groups of people
The list of examples of the kinds of groups who might share an in-joke is unnecessary. We could never list all the possible groups of people who might share an inside joke. It is not a well-defined nor finite set of elements (unlike, say, the disputed but still apprehendable list of planets or a list of notable people from Limerick, Ireland. As the Wiktionary definition says, the people who share an in-joke are "certain people who are in the know". Any group of people could be "in the know" about a given in-joke. I propose removing the list entirely.

Places where in-jokes are found
Yes, they are often found in movies. They are often found in offices, schools, bars, playgrounds, sports teams, family gatherings, Ice Capades reunions and just about any other gathering of people. To what end do we need to focus on movies or TV?

Examples
To be useful, shouldn't a list of examples of inside jokes highlight the most significant or archetypal inside jokes? Right now, this is a hodge-podge lists of inside jokes from particular professions, TV shows, a rock band, and various other places. Perhaps it needs to be sub-categorized and expanded ad infinitum, until it includes every conceivable in-joke known to mankind.

I would love to hear some thoughts about other approaches to make this page more encyclopedic and focused. Right now it seems best to turn it into a dictionary entry.--Glp 00:13, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Some of the greatest in-jokes are in games. Old-style text adventures are famous for them- "xyzzy" and "a maze of twisty little passages" are two of the most famous ones. (see Colossal Cave or Zork) If there's a list of significant in-jokes, those should definately be included. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.10.48.39 (talk) 22:09, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

I could think of some Inside Jokes that me and my friends came up with. Like when me and my friend Dalton went to see the movie The Unborn (2009 film), Which by the way was horrible, we came apon a really funny line. The line was "Jumbi wants to be born now.", which is said by the little boy. It became a inside joke between us because of two things; One, the movie was really horrible and we totally regret wasting our money on it, and I like to tease him and my self for wasting our money, and two, the way in which the quote was said. The boy said it with a really monotone voice, which is totally imitatible. That is a pretty good example of a inside joke. 70.90.174.173 (talk) 23:54, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Dictionaric
This should definitely be a dictionary entry. Unless there is a body of knowledge about in-jokes that the reader can be introduced to, then the only information is what the term means and whether to have a hyphen, basically dictionary things. Mark Foskey (talk) 03:28, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. In its current state, when deleted unreferenced albeit naive/trivial classification and a bunch of examples, the article is completely non-encyclopedic. `'Míkka>t 03:42, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed as well. It would make me very happy to see these leave the encyclopedia, for all the reasons you suggest. --Glp (talk) 13:47, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

the game is a pretend blood and so is 50 cent is a pretend gangster he thinks that his father made him famouse but on get rich or die tryin he had no father --- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.70.58.213 (talk) 19:06, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

re dictionarial nature of article
an in-joke is, of course, a concept with which the layperson is concerned - as a result, of course, our wikipedian article's nature seems definitional rather than encyclopedic

& this is happening all over the place, specifically with what we can call a "layconcept" - let simply "concept" serve as the other side of the temporary dichotomy, where the concept is observed then analyzed then named & the layconcept is named then analyzed then observed

right now our in-joke is a layconcept in development - it has been named (through folk etymology obviously) but it has not been analyzed and finally observed

apparently i'm suggesting that our article here should be as short as possible, as should any-and-all layconcept articles - a brief definition of the phenomenon should be given & it should include as many inter-wiki links to relevant/related concepts (note that a concept's article is of the format we currently use across the board/wiki) - the remainder of the layconcept article should include at-least hypothesized concepts from which the layconcept has sprung, & at-best ones with citations.

so for some layconcept like in-joke we should include links to concepts like in-group or rapport or alienation etcetera.

i've stumbled upon suggestion of a rather major policy change, haven't i. where does one submit such a thing so that it could be considered & possibly employed across the wiki?

Harlequence (talk) 10:11, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Memes
Shouldn't this page link to internet memes? 69.132.79.61 (talk) 23:33, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

You made me lose the game!
Why the heck is there a reference to the game? --82.84.186.156 (talk) 21:08, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Computer Industry section
I've edited this section a bit, but I don't see how easter eggs are relevant to in-jokes unless by conicidence they are both.

Simply hiding a signature is not of itself an in-joke. The vast majority of software is the property of whoever paid for its development, and it is highly unusual - as in most industries outside of entertainment - to credit employees for a company's product.

I think this section basically says "Some software contains hidden functions". Which is entirely irrelevant to them being in-jokes. 178.164.139.37 (talk) 12:28, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

Changing the name of the article to "Inside joke"
Merriam Webster suggests that inside joke is a much more popular phrase than in-joke (It lists the former in the top 10% popular words while the latter in the top 50%). Should we change the name to inside joke? Lone Warrior 007 (talk) 17:15, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Most of the article's sources are offline so I can't say how strongly they support the "in-joke" construction. Ngrams suggest that "in-joke" was used before the 1960s and that "inside joke" is currently the more frequently used term. I've only ever heard "inside joke" used, but that could be an Americanism. Schazjmd   (talk)  17:32, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Sorry for replying so late, for some reason I didn't get notified about your reply. Anyways, I am from India and I have also only heard "inside joke" being used, but that could be because I was born in this millennium. As you would have noticed, I am a newbie editor and hence wanted to ask you if the title should be changed?Lone Warrior 007 (talk) 21:10, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * , I'm kind of ambivalent now. When I checked JSTOR, I found twice as many papers using "in joke"/"in-joke" as "inside joke". I think the article would be fine under either title, with the other title redirecting to it. And in that case, it's probably not worth swapping them. Readers can find the content by either term, since Inside joke redirects here. Schazjmd   (talk)  21:25, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see. Yeah, we should let the title remain the same. Thank you! Lone Warrior 007 (talk) 12:35, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:In-joke


text:
Annette Stroyberg

Annette Susanne Strøyberg (7 December 1936 – 12 December 2005) was a Danish actress. Her films included Les Liaisons dangereuses (1959), which was directed by her first husband, Roger Vadim.

Biography
Annette Strøyberg was born on 7 December 1936 in the village of Rynkeby, Kerteminde Municipality, Denmark, and is related to Danish actress Camilla Søeberg as the cousin of Camilla's mother. Prior to 1958, Strøyberg appeared as a cover girl, most notably in an advertisement for Tuborg beer. In 1959, she appeared in the film Les Liaisons dangereuses, directed by Roger Vadim, starring Gérard Philipe and Jeanne Moreau. During this production, she and Roger Vadim, a recent divorcé from Brigitte Bardot, fell in love and married on 17 June 1958. Before their marriage, on 7 December 1957, she gave birth to Nathalie Vadim, who went on to be a film director.

Subsequently, she appeared in a series of mostly very poorly rated entertainment films of Italian or French provenance, which revealed her lack of acting talent. In a review of those years, the German publication Die Zeit called Stroyberg's acting "unbearably exalted".

Strøyberg and Vadim divorced in 1961. She lived with Vittorio Gassman for a couple of years, and had liaisons with Alain Delon, Omar Sharif and Warren Beatty. In 1967, Strøyberg married French-Moroccan sugar king Guy Senouf. They had a son, Yan (born 27 June 1967). The couple enrolled at the Sorbonne and divided their time between Paris and north Africa. In 1974, she married Greek shipping magnate Gregory Callimanopulos in New York City. They had a son, Pericles (born 20 July 1974) and settled for a time in America.

In February 1986, former husband Vadim published Bardot, Deneuve, Fonda -- My Life With the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World, a book about Vadim's relationships in which Strøyberg is written as passing "in and out of the other four lives" such that there is at least as much in the book about Strøyberg as the three women named in the book title. After the break-up of her relationship with Callimanopulos in the early 1990s, she returned to Europe, living in Paris and Copenhagen, where she was part of the circle around Margrethe II of Denmark and Prince Henrik. She married a fourth and final time to Christian Lillelund, an attorney, in 2001.

Death
She died of cancer in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 12 December 2005, five days after her 69th birthday. She was survived by her husband and three children.

Selected filmography

 * Les Liaisons dangereuses (1959)
 * Blood and Roses (1960)
 * I Don Giovanni della Costa Azzurra (1962)
 * Lo scippo (1963)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Annette Stroyberg


text:
99th United States Congress

The 99th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1985, to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census.

The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives – albeit with both majorities slightly reduced from the 98th Congress.

This is the most recent Congress to feature a Republican senator from Maryland, Charles Mathias, who retired at the end of the Congress.

This is also the most recent Congress in which no Democratic women Senators served and the most recent Congress in which more Republican women Senators served than Democratic women Senators.

This was the most recent session of Congress prior to the 116th to feature a Republican Senate/Democratic House split and had a third-party House member.

Major events

 * January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as president (publicly sworn in, January 21).
 * January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.
 * April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.
 * June 2, 1986: First regular television broadcast of Senate proceedings on C-SPAN2.
 * October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
 * November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
 * November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
 * November 4, 1986: 1986 United States elections; Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).

Major legislation

 * December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act) (title II)
 * December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985,
 * April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
 * May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act,
 * August 28, 1986: Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, ,
 * October 1, 1986: Goldwater–Nichols Act (Defense Reorganization),
 * October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act,
 * October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, (title III)
 * October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act,
 * October 21, 1986: Stored Communications Act, ,
 * October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986,
 * October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986,
 * October 27, 1986: Money Laundering Control Act, ,
 * October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986,
 * November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), ,
 * November 10, 1986: Emergency Wetlands Resources Act, ,
 * November 14, 1986: National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act,
 * November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986,

House of Representatives
[[Image:99 us house membership.png|thumb|320px|

Senate

 * President: George H. W. Bush (R)
 * President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

 * Majority Leader: Bob Dole
 * Majority Whip: Alan Simpson
 * Republican Conference Chairman: John Chafee
 * Republican Conference Secretary: Thad Cochran
 * National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Heinz
 * Policy Committee Chairman: William L. Armstrong

Minority (Democratic) leadership

 * Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
 * Minority Whip: Alan Cranston
 * Democratic Caucus Secretary: Daniel Inouye
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: George J. Mitchell

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

 * Majority Leader: Jim Wright
 * Majority Whip: Tom Foley
 * Chief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dick Gephardt
 * Democratic Caucus Secretary: Mary Rose Oakar
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony Coelho

Minority (Republican) leadership

 * Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
 * Minority Whip: Trent Lott
 * Chief Deputy Whip: Tom Loeffler
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Jack Kemp
 * Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Lynn Morley Martin
 * Republican Conference Secretary: Robert J. Lagomarsino
 * Policy Committee Chairman: Dick Cheney
 * Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt

Caucuses

 * Congressional Arts Caucus
 * Congressional Automotive Caucus
 * Congressional Black Caucus
 * Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
 * Congressional Hispanic Caucus
 * Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
 * Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
 * Congresswomen's Caucus
 * House Democratic Caucus
 * Senate Democratic Caucus

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1986; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1988; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1990.

Alabama

 * 2. Howell Heflin (D)
 * 3. Jeremiah Denton (R)

Alaska

 * 2. Ted Stevens (R)
 * 3. Frank Murkowski (R)

Arizona

 * 1. Dennis DeConcini (D)
 * 3. Barry Goldwater (R)

Arkansas

 * 2. David Pryor (D)
 * 3. Dale Bumpers (D)

California

 * 1. Pete Wilson (R)
 * 3. Alan Cranston (D)

Colorado

 * 2. William L. Armstrong (R)
 * 3. Gary Hart (D)

Connecticut

 * 1. Lowell Weicker (R)
 * 3. Chris Dodd (D)

Delaware

 * 1. William Roth (R)
 * 2. Joe Biden (D)

Florida

 * 1. Lawton Chiles (D)
 * 3. Paula Hawkins (R)

Georgia

 * 2. Sam Nunn (D)
 * 3. Mack Mattingly (R)

Hawaii

 * 1. Spark Matsunaga (D)
 * 3. Daniel Inouye (D)

Idaho

 * 2. James A. McClure (R)
 * 3. Steve Symms (R)

Illinois

 * 2. Paul Simon (D)
 * 3. Alan J. Dixon (D)

Indiana

 * 1. Richard Lugar (R)
 * 3. Dan Quayle (R)

Iowa

 * 2. Tom Harkin (D)
 * 3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas

 * 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R)
 * 3. Bob Dole (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. Mitch McConnell (R)
 * 3. Wendell Ford (D)

Louisiana

 * 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)
 * 3. Russell B. Long (D)

Maine

 * 1. George J. Mitchell (D)
 * 2. William Cohen (R)

Maryland

 * 1. Paul Sarbanes (D)
 * 3. Charles Mathias (R)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Ted Kennedy (D)
 * 2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan

 * 1. Donald Riegle (D)
 * 2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota

 * 1. David Durenberger (R)
 * 2. Rudy Boschwitz (R)

Mississippi

 * 1. John C. Stennis (D)
 * 2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri

 * 1. John Danforth (R)
 * 3. Thomas Eagleton (D)

Montana

 * 1. John Melcher (D)
 * 2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska

 * 1. Edward Zorinsky (D)
 * 2. J. James Exon (D)

Nevada

 * 1. Chic Hecht (R)
 * 3. Paul Laxalt (R)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Gordon J. Humphrey (R)
 * 3. Warren Rudman (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Frank Lautenberg (D)
 * 2. Bill Bradley (D)

New Mexico

 * 1. Jeff Bingaman (D)
 * 2. Pete Domenici (R)

New York

 * 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
 * 3. Al D'Amato (R)

North Carolina

 * 2. Jesse Helms (R)
 * 3. John Porter East (R), until June 29, 1986
 * Jim Broyhill (R), from July 14 to November 4, 1986
 * Terry Sanford (D), from November 5, 1986

North Dakota

 * 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL)
 * 3. Mark Andrews (R)

Ohio

 * 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)
 * 3. John Glenn (D)

Oklahoma

 * 2. David Boren (D)
 * 3. Don Nickles (R)

Oregon

 * 2. Mark Hatfield (R)
 * 3. Bob Packwood (R)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. John Heinz (R)
 * 3. Arlen Specter (R)

Rhode Island

 * 1. John Chafee (R)
 * 2. Claiborne Pell (D)

South Carolina

 * 2. Strom Thurmond (R)
 * 3. Fritz Hollings (D)

South Dakota

 * 2. Larry Pressler (R)
 * 3. James Abdnor (R)

Tennessee

 * 1. Jim Sasser (D)
 * 2. Al Gore (D)

Texas

 * 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
 * 2. Phil Gramm (R)

Utah

 * 1. Orrin Hatch (R)
 * 3. Jake Garn (R)

Vermont

 * 1. Robert Stafford (R)
 * 3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

 * 1. Paul Trible (R)
 * 2. John Warner (R)

Washington

 * 1. Daniel J. Evans (R)
 * 3. Slade Gorton (R)

West Virginia

 * 1. Robert Byrd (D)
 * 2. Jay Rockefeller (D), from January 15, 1985

Wisconsin

 * 1. William Proxmire (D)
 * 3. Bob Kasten (R)

Wyoming

 * 1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
 * 2. Alan Simpson (R)

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Sonny Callahan (R)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. William Louis Dickinson (R)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Bill Nichols (D)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Tom Bevill (D)
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. Ronnie Flippo (D)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. Ben Erdreich (D)
 * Alabama's 7th congressional district. Richard Shelby (D)

Alaska

 * At-large. Don Young (R)

Arizona

 * Arizona's 1st congressional district. John McCain (R)
 * Arizona's 2nd congressional district. Mo Udall (D)
 * Arizona's 3rd congressional district. Bob Stump (R)
 * Arizona's 4th congressional district. Eldon Rudd (R)
 * Arizona's 5th congressional district. Jim Kolbe (R)

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D)
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. Tommy F. Robinson (D)
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. John Paul Hammerschmidt (R)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. Douglas H. Bosco (D)
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Eugene A. Chappie (R)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. Bob Matsui (D)
 * California's 4th congressional district. Vic Fazio (D)
 * California's 5th congressional district. Sala Burton (D)
 * California's 6th congressional district. Barbara Boxer (D)
 * California's 7th congressional district. George Miller (D)
 * California's 8th congressional district. Ron Dellums (D)
 * California's 9th congressional district. Pete Stark (D)
 * California's 10th congressional district. Don Edwards (D)
 * California's 11th congressional district. Tom Lantos (D)
 * California's 12th congressional district. Ed Zschau (R)
 * California's 13th congressional district. Norman Mineta (D)
 * California's 14th congressional district. Norman D. Shumway (R)
 * California's 15th congressional district. Tony Coelho (D)
 * California's 16th congressional district. Leon Panetta (D)
 * California's 17th congressional district. Chip Pashayan (R)
 * California's 18th congressional district. Richard H. Lehman (D)
 * California's 19th congressional district. Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)
 * California's 20th congressional district. Bill Thomas (R)
 * California's 21st congressional district. Bobbi Fiedler (R)
 * California's 22nd congressional district. Carlos Moorhead (R)
 * California's 23rd congressional district. Anthony Beilenson (D)
 * California's 24th congressional district. Henry Waxman (D)
 * California's 25th congressional district. Edward R. Roybal (D)
 * California's 26th congressional district. Howard Berman (D)
 * California's 27th congressional district. Mel Levine (D)
 * California's 28th congressional district. Julian Dixon (D)
 * California's 29th congressional district. Augustus Hawkins (D)
 * California's 30th congressional district. Matthew G. Martínez (D)
 * California's 31st congressional district. Mervyn Dymally (D)
 * California's 32nd congressional district. Glenn M. Anderson (D)
 * California's 33rd congressional district. David Dreier (R)
 * California's 34th congressional district. Esteban Edward Torres (D)
 * California's 35th congressional district. Jerry Lewis (R)
 * California's 36th congressional district. George Brown Jr. (D)
 * California's 37th congressional district. Al McCandless (R)
 * California's 38th congressional district. Bob Dornan (R)
 * California's 39th congressional district. William E. Dannemeyer (R)
 * California's 40th congressional district. Robert Badham (R)
 * California's 41st congressional district. Bill Lowery (R)
 * California's 42nd congressional district. Dan Lungren (R)
 * California's 43rd congressional district. Ron Packard (R)
 * California's 44th congressional district. Jim Bates (D)
 * California's 45th congressional district. Duncan L. Hunter (R)

Colorado

 * Colorado's 1st congressional district. Pat Schroeder (D)
 * Colorado's 2nd congressional district. Tim Wirth (D)
 * Colorado's 3rd congressional district. Michael L. Strang (R)
 * Colorado's 4th congressional district. Hank Brown (R)
 * Colorado's 5th congressional district. Ken Kramer (R)
 * Colorado's 6th congressional district. Dan Schaefer (R)

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. Barbara B. Kennelly (D)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. Sam Gejdenson (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. Bruce Morrison (D)
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. Stewart McKinney (R)
 * Connecticut's 5th congressional district. John G. Rowland (R)
 * Connecticut's 6th congressional district. Nancy Johnson (R)

Delaware

 * At-large. Tom Carper (D)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. Earl Hutto (D)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Don Fuqua (D)
 * Florida's 3rd congressional district. Charles E. Bennett (D)
 * Florida's 4th congressional district. Bill Chappell (D)
 * Florida's 5th congressional district. Bill McCollum (R)
 * Florida's 6th congressional district. Buddy MacKay (D)
 * Florida's 7th congressional district. Sam Gibbons (D)
 * Florida's 8th congressional district. Bill Young (R)
 * Florida's 9th congressional district. Michael Bilirakis (R)
 * Florida's 10th congressional district. Andy Ireland (R)
 * Florida's 11th congressional district. Bill Nelson (D)
 * Florida's 12th congressional district. Tom Lewis (R)
 * Florida's 13th congressional district. Connie Mack III (R)
 * Florida's 14th congressional district. Dan Mica (D)
 * Florida's 15th congressional district. Clay Shaw (R)
 * Florida's 16th congressional district. Lawrence J. Smith (D)
 * Florida's 17th congressional district. William Lehman (D)
 * Florida's 18th congressional district. Claude Pepper (D)
 * Florida's 19th congressional district. Dante Fascell (D)

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Lindsay Thomas (D)
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. Charles Floyd Hatcher (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Richard Ray (D)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Pat Swindall (R)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. Wyche Fowler (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. Newt Gingrich (R)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. George Darden (D)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. J. Roy Rowland (D)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Ed Jenkins (D)
 * Georgia's 10th congressional district. Doug Barnard Jr. (D)

Hawaii

 * Hawaii's 1st congressional district. Cecil Heftel (D), until July 11, 1986
 * Hawaii's 1st congressional district. Neil Abercrombie (D), from September 20, 1986
 * Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. Daniel Akaka (D)

Idaho

 * Idaho's 1st congressional district. Larry Craig (R)
 * Idaho's 2nd congressional district. Richard H. Stallings (D)

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. Charles Hayes (D)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Gus Savage (D)
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. Marty Russo (D)
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. George M. O'Brien (R), until July 17, 1986
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Bill Lipinski (D)
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Henry Hyde (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Cardiss Collins (D)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Dan Rostenkowski (D)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Sidney R. Yates (D)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. John Porter (R)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. Frank Annunzio (D)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. Phil Crane (R)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. Harris Fawell (R)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. John E. Grotberg (R), until November 15, 1986
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. Edward Rell Madigan (R)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. Lynn Morley Martin (R)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. Lane Evans (D)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. Robert H. Michel (R)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. Terry L. Bruce (D)
 * Illinois's 20th congressional district. Dick Durbin (D)
 * Illinois's 21st congressional district. Melvin Price (D)
 * Illinois's 22nd congressional district. Kenneth J. Gray (D)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Pete Visclosky (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. Philip Sharp (D)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. John P. Hiler (R)
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. Dan Coats (R)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. Elwood Hillis (R)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Dan Burton (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. John T. Myers (R)
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Frank McCloskey (D), from May 1, 1985
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Lee H. Hamilton (D)
 * Indiana's 10th congressional district. Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. Jim Leach (R)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. Tom Tauke (R)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. T. Cooper Evans (R)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Neal Edward Smith (D)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. Jim Ross Lightfoot (R)
 * Iowa's 6th congressional district. Berkley Bedell (D)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. Pat Roberts (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. Jim Slattery (D)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. Jan Meyers (R)
 * Kansas's 4th congressional district. Dan Glickman (D)
 * Kansas's 5th congressional district. Bob Whittaker (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Carroll Hubbard (D)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. William Natcher (D)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. Romano Mazzoli (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Gene Snyder (R)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Hal Rogers (R)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Larry J. Hopkins (R)
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. Chris Perkins (D)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Bob Livingston (R)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. Lindy Boggs (D)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Billy Tauzin (D)
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. Buddy Roemer (D)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. Jerry Huckaby (D)
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Henson Moore (R)
 * Louisiana's 7th congressional district. John Breaux (D)
 * Louisiana's 8th congressional district. Gillis William Long (D), until January 20, 1985
 * Catherine Small Long (D), from March 30, 1985

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. John R. McKernan Jr. (R)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. Olympia Snowe (R)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Roy Dyson (D)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Helen Delich Bentley (R)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. Barbara Mikulski (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Marjorie Holt (R)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Steny Hoyer (D)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. Beverly Byron (D)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Parren Mitchell (D)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Michael D. Barnes (D)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Silvio O. Conte (R)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Edward Boland (D)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Joseph D. Early (D)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Barney Frank (D)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Chester G. Atkins (D)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Nicholas Mavroules (D)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Ed Markey (D)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Tip O'Neill (D)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Joe Moakley (D)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Gerry Studds (D)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. Brian J. Donnelly (D)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. John Conyers (D)
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Carl Pursell (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. Howard Wolpe (D)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Mark D. Siljander (R)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. Paul B. Henry (R)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. Milton Robert Carr (D)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Dale Kildee (D)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. J. Bob Traxler (D)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Guy Vander Jagt (R)
 * Michigan's 10th congressional district. Bill Schuette (R)
 * Michigan's 11th congressional district. Robert William Davis (R)
 * Michigan's 12th congressional district. David Bonior (D)
 * Michigan's 13th congressional district. George Crockett Jr. (D)
 * Michigan's 14th congressional district. Dennis Hertel (D)
 * Michigan's 15th congressional district. William D. Ford (D)
 * Michigan's 16th congressional district. John D. Dingell Jr. (D)
 * Michigan's 17th congressional district. Sander Levin (D)
 * Michigan's 18th congressional district. William Broomfield (R)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Tim Penny (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. Vin Weber (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. Bill Frenzel (R)
 * Minnesota's 4th congressional district. Bruce Vento (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 5th congressional district. Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 6th congressional district. Gerry Sikorski (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 7th congressional district. Arlan Stangeland (R)
 * Minnesota's 8th congressional district. Jim Oberstar (DFL)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. Jamie Whitten (D)
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. Webb Franklin (R)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Sonny Montgomery (D)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Wayne Dowdy (D)
 * Mississippi's 5th congressional district. Trent Lott (R)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. Bill Clay (D)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Robert A. Young (D)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. Dick Gephardt (D)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Ike Skelton (D)
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. Alan Wheat (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. Tom Coleman (R)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. Gene Taylor (R)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Bill Emerson (R)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. Harold Volkmer (D)

Montana

 * Montana's 1st congressional district. Pat Williams (D)
 * Montana's 2nd congressional district. Ron Marlenee (R)

Nebraska

 * Nebraska's 1st congressional district. Doug Bereuter (R)
 * Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. Hal Daub (R)
 * Nebraska's 3rd congressional district. Virginia D. Smith (R)

Nevada

 * Nevada's 1st congressional district. Harry Reid (D)
 * Nevada's 2nd congressional district. Barbara Vucanovich (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Bob Smith (R)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. Judd Gregg (R)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. James Florio (D)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. William J. Hughes (D)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. James J. Howard (D)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Chris Smith (R)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Marge Roukema (R)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Bernard J. Dwyer (D)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. Matthew John Rinaldo (R)
 * New Jersey's 8th congressional district. Robert A. Roe (D)
 * New Jersey's 9th congressional district. Robert Torricelli (D)
 * New Jersey's 10th congressional district. Peter W. Rodino (D)
 * New Jersey's 11th congressional district. Dean Gallo (R)
 * New Jersey's 12th congressional district. Jim Courter (R)
 * New Jersey's 13th congressional district. Jim Saxton (R)
 * New Jersey's 14th congressional district. Frank Joseph Guarini (D)

New Mexico

 * New Mexico's 1st congressional district. Manuel Lujan Jr. (R)
 * New Mexico's 2nd congressional district. Joe Skeen (R)
 * New Mexico's 3rd congressional district. Bill Richardson (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. William Carney (C; changed to R on October 7, 1985)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Thomas Downey (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Robert J. Mrazek (D)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Norman F. Lent (R)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Raymond J. McGrath (R)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Joseph P. Addabbo (D), until April 10, 1986
 * Alton Waldon (D), from June 10, 1986
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Gary Ackerman (D)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. James H. Scheuer (D)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Thomas J. Manton (D)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Chuck Schumer (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Edolphus Towns (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Major Owens (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Stephen Solarz (D)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. Guy Molinari (R)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Bill Green (R)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Charles Rangel (D)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Ted Weiss (D)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Robert Garcia (D)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. Mario Biaggi (D)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Joe DioGuardi (R)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Hamilton Fish IV (R)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. Benjamin Gilman (R)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. Samuel S. Stratton (D)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. Gerald Solomon (R)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. Sherwood Boehlert (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. David O'Brien Martin (R)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. George C. Wortley (R)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Matthew F. McHugh (D)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. Frank Horton (R)
 * New York's 30th congressional district. Fred J. Eckert (R)
 * New York's 31st congressional district. Jack Kemp (R)
 * New York's 32nd congressional district. John LaFalce (D)
 * New York's 33rd congressional district. Henry J. Nowak (D)
 * New York's 34th congressional district. Stan Lundine (D), until December 31, 1986

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Walter B. Jones Sr. (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Tim Valentine (D)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Charles Orville Whitley (D), until December 31, 1986
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Bill Cobey (R)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Stephen L. Neal (D)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Howard Coble (R)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. Charlie Rose (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Bill Hefner (D)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Alex McMillan (R)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Jim Broyhill (R), until July 14, 1986
 * Cass Ballenger (R), from November 4, 1986
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. Bill Hendon (R)

North Dakota

 * At-large. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Tom Luken (D)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. Bill Gradison (R)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Tony P. Hall (D)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Mike Oxley (R)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Del Latta (R)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Bob McEwen (R)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Mike DeWine (R)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. Tom Kindness (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. Marcy Kaptur (D)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. Clarence E. Miller (R)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. Dennis E. Eckart (D)
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. John Kasich (R)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Don Pease (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. John F. Seiberling (D)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Chalmers Wylie (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. Ralph Regula (R)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. Jim Traficant (D)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. Douglas Applegate (D)
 * Ohio's 19th congressional district. Ed Feighan (D)
 * Ohio's 20th congressional district. Mary Rose Oakar (D)
 * Ohio's 21st congressional district. Louis Stokes (D)

Oklahoma

 * Oklahoma's 1st congressional district. James R. Jones (D)
 * Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district. Mike Synar (D)
 * Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district. Wes Watkins (D)
 * Oklahoma's 4th congressional district. Dave McCurdy (D)
 * Oklahoma's 5th congressional district. Mickey Edwards (R)
 * Oklahoma's 6th congressional district. Glenn English (D)

Oregon

 * Oregon's 1st congressional district. Les AuCoin (D)
 * Oregon's 2nd congressional district. Bob Smith (R)
 * Oregon's 3rd congressional district. Ron Wyden (D)
 * Oregon's 4th congressional district. Jim Weaver (D)
 * Oregon's 5th congressional district. Denny Smith (R)

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Thomas M. Foglietta (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. William H. Gray III (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Robert A. Borski Jr. (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Joseph P. Kolter (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Richard T. Schulze (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Gus Yatron (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Robert W. Edgar (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Peter H. Kostmayer (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. Bud Shuster (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Joseph M. McDade (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Paul Kanjorski (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. John Murtha (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. Lawrence Coughlin (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. William J. Coyne (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Donald L. Ritter (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Bob Walker (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. George Gekas (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. Doug Walgren (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Bill Goodling (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district. Joseph M. Gaydos (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district. Tom Ridge (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 22nd congressional district. Austin Murphy (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 23rd congressional district. William Clinger (R)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. Fernand St. Germain (D)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. Claudine Schneider (R)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Thomas F. Hartnett (R)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Floyd Spence (R)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Butler Derrick (D)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. Carroll A. Campbell Jr. (R)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. John Spratt (D)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Robin Tallon (D)

South Dakota

 * At-large. Tom Daschle (D)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. Jimmy Quillen (R)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. John Duncan Sr. (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Marilyn Lloyd (D)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Jim Cooper (D)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Bill Boner (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Bart Gordon (D)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Don Sundquist (R)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. Ed Jones (D)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. Harold Ford Sr. (D)

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. Sam B. Hall Jr. (D), until May 27, 1985
 * Jim Chapman (D), from August 3, 1985
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. Charlie Wilson (D)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. Steve Bartlett (R)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. Ralph Hall (D)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. John Bryant (D)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Joe Barton (R)
 * Texas's 7th congressional district. Bill Archer (R)
 * Texas's 8th congressional district. Jack Fields (R)
 * Texas's 9th congressional district. Jack Brooks (D)
 * Texas's 10th congressional district. J. J. Pickle (D)
 * Texas's 11th congressional district. Marvin Leath (D)
 * Texas's 12th congressional district. Jim Wright (D)
 * Texas's 13th congressional district. Beau Boulter (R)
 * Texas's 14th congressional district. Mac Sweeney (R)
 * Texas's 15th congressional district. Kika de la Garza (D)
 * Texas's 16th congressional district. Ron Coleman (D)
 * Texas's 17th congressional district. Charles Stenholm (D)
 * Texas's 18th congressional district. Mickey Leland (D)
 * Texas's 19th congressional district. Larry Combest (R)
 * Texas's 20th congressional district. Henry B. González (D)
 * Texas's 21st congressional district. Tom Loeffler (R)
 * Texas's 22nd congressional district. Tom DeLay (R)
 * Texas's 23rd congressional district. Albert Bustamante (D)
 * Texas's 24th congressional district. Martin Frost (D)
 * Texas's 25th congressional district. Michael A. Andrews (D)
 * Texas's 26th congressional district. Dick Armey (R)
 * Texas's 27th congressional district. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)

Utah

 * Utah's 1st congressional district. Jim Hansen (R)
 * Utah's 2nd congressional district. David Smith Monson (R)
 * Utah's 3rd congressional district. Howard C. Nielson (R)

Vermont

 * At-large. Jim Jeffords (R)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Herbert H. Bateman (R)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. G. William Whitehurst (R)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Thomas J. Bliley Jr. (R)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Norman Sisisky (D)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Dan Daniel (D)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Jim Olin (D)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. D. French Slaughter Jr. (R)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Stanford Parris (R)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Rick Boucher (D)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. Frank Wolf (R)

Washington

 * Washington's 1st congressional district. John Miller (R)
 * Washington's 2nd congressional district. Al Swift (D)
 * Washington's 3rd congressional district. Don Bonker (D)
 * Washington's 4th congressional district. Sid Morrison (R)
 * Washington's 5th congressional district. Tom Foley (D)
 * Washington's 6th congressional district. Norm Dicks (D)
 * Washington's 7th congressional district. Mike Lowry (D)
 * Washington's 8th congressional district. Rod Chandler (R)

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. Alan Mollohan (D)
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Harley O. Staggers Jr. (D)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Bob Wise (D)
 * West Virginia's 4th congressional district. Nick Rahall (D)

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Les Aspin (D)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Robert Kastenmeier (D)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. Steve Gunderson (R)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. Jerry Kleczka (D)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. Jim Moody (D)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Tom Petri (R)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Dave Obey (D)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. Toby Roth (R)
 * Wisconsin's 9th congressional district. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)

Wyoming

 * At-large. Dick Cheney (R)

Non-voting members

 * American Samoa's at-large congressional district. Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia (D)
 * District of Columbia's at-large congressional district. Walter Fauntroy (D)
 * Guam's at-large congressional district. Vicente T. Blaz (R)
 * Puerto Rico's at-large congressional district. Jaime Fuster (PPD)
 * United States Virgin Islands's at-large congressional district. Ron de Lugo (D)

Senate

 * West Virginia (2)
 * Vacant
 * Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of West Virginia.
 * nowrap | Jay Rockefeller (D)
 * January 15, 1985
 * January 15, 1985

 * North Carolina (3)
 * nowrap | John Porter East (R)
 * Died June 29, 1986. Successor appointed to continue the term.
 * nowrap | Jim Broyhill (R)
 * July 14, 1986
 * July 14, 1986

 * North Carolina (3)
 * nowrap | Jim Broyhill (R)
 * Interim appointee lost special election. Successor elected to finish the term.
 * nowrap | Terry Sanford (D)
 * November 5, 1986
 * November 5, 1986

 * }

House of Representatives

 * Indiana's 8th
 * Disputed
 * House declared McCloskey the winner after auditors from the US General Accounting Office conducted a recount and Republican floor votes were rejected.
 * | Frank McCloskey (D)
 * May 1, 1985
 * May 1, 1985

 * Louisiana's 8th
 * | Gillis William Long (D)
 * Died January 20, 1985.
 * | Catherine Small Long (D)
 * March 30, 1985
 * March 30, 1985

 * Texas's 1st
 * | Sam B. Hall Jr. (D)
 * Resigned May 27, 1985, to become judge for the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
 * | Jim Chapman (D)
 * August 3, 1985
 * August 3, 1985

 * New York's 1st
 * | William Carney (C)
 * Changed parties October 7, 1985.
 * | William Carney (R)
 * October 7, 1985
 * October 7, 1985

 * New York's 6th
 * | Joseph P. Addabbo (D)
 * Died April 10, 1986.
 * | Alton Waldon (D)
 * June 10, 1986
 * June 10, 1986

 * Hawaii's 1st
 * | Cecil Heftel (D)
 * Resigned July 11, 1986.
 * | Neil Abercrombie (D)
 * September 20, 1986
 * September 20, 1986

 * North Carolina's 10th
 * | Jim Broyhill (R)
 * Resigned July 14, 1986, to become U.S. Senator.
 * | Cass Ballenger (R)
 * November 4, 1986
 * November 4, 1986

 * Illinois's 4th
 * | George M. O'Brien (R)
 * Died July 17, 1986.
 * rowspan=4 |Vacant
 * rowspan=4 |Not filled this term
 * rowspan=4 |Not filled this term

 * Illinois's 14th
 * | John E. Grotberg (R)
 * Died November 15, 1986.
 * Died November 15, 1986.

 * New York's 34th
 * | Stan Lundine (D)
 * Resigned December 31, 1986.
 * Resigned December 31, 1986.

 * North Carolina's 3rd
 * | Charles Orville Whitley (D)
 * Resigned December 31, 1986.
 * }
 * }

Senate

 * Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)
 * Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms; Ranking Member: Edward Zorinsky)
 * Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield; Ranking Member: John C. Stennis)
 * Agriculture and Related Agencies (Chair: Thad Cochran; Ranking Member: Quentin N. Burdick)
 * Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary (Chair: Paul Laxalt; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
 * Defense (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: John C. Stennis)
 * District of Columbia (Chair: Arlen Specter; Ranking Member: Frank Lautenberg)
 * Energy and Water Development (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: J. Bennett Johnston)
 * Foreign Operations (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Daniel K. Inouye)
 * HUD-Independent Agencies (Chair: Jake Garn; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
 * Interior (Chair: James A. McClure; Ranking Member: Robert C. Byrd)
 * Labor-Health, Education and Welfare (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
 * Legislative Branch (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
 * Military Construction (Chair: Mack Mattingly; Ranking Member: Jim Sasser)
 * Transportation (Chair: Mark Andrews; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
 * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: James Abdnor; Ranking Member: Dennis DeConcini)
 * Armed Services (Chair: Barry Goldwater; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
 * Military Construction (Chair: Strom Thurmond; Ranking Member: Jeff Bingaman)
 * Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces (Chair: John W. Warner; Ranking Member: John W. Warner)
 * Preparedness (Chair: Gordon J. Humphrey; Ranking Member: Alan J. Dixon)
 * Sea Power and Force Projection (Chair: William S. Cohen; Ranking Member: J. James Exon)
 * Manpower and Personnel (Chair: Pete Wilson; Ranking Member: John Glenn)
 * Defense Acquisition Policy (Chair: Dan Quayle; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
 * Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
 * Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Chic Hecht; Ranking Member: Donald W. Riegle Jr.)
 * International Finance and Monetary Policy (Chair: H. John Heinz III; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
 * Financial Institutions and Consumer Affairs (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Paul Sarbanes)
 * Securities (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
 * Economic Policy (Chair: Mack Mattingly; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
 * Budget (Chair: Pete Domenici; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
 * Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: John Danforth; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
 * Aviation (Chair: Nancy Kassebaum; Ranking Member: J. James Exon)
 * Business, Trade and Tourism (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Al Gore)
 * Communications (Chair: Barry Goldwater; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
 * Consumer (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Wendell Ford)
 * Merchant Marine (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: Daniel K. Inouye)
 * Science, Technology and Space (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Donald W. Riegle Jr.)
 * Surface Transportation (Chair: Bob Packwood; Ranking Member: Russell B. Long)
 * National Ocean Policy Study (Chair: John Danforth; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
 * Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure; Ranking Member: J. Bennett Johnston)
 * Energy Regulation and Conservation (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
 * Natural Resources Development and Production (Chair: John Warner; Ranking Member: John Melcher)
 * Energy Research and Development (Chair: Pete Domenici; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
 * Water and Power (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
 * Public Lands, Reserved Water and Resource Conservation (Chair: Malcolm Wallop; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
 * Environment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford; Ranking Member: Lloyd Bentsen)
 * Environmental Pollution (Chair: John Chafee; Ranking Member: George J. Mitchell)
 * Nuclear Regulation (Chair: Alan K. Simpson; Ranking Member: Gary Hart)
 * Water Resources (Chair: James Abdnor; Ranking Member: Daniel Moynihan)
 * Transportation (Chair: Steve Symms; Ranking Member: Quentin N. Burdick)
 * Regional and Community Development (Chair: Gordon J. Humphrey; Ranking Member: Frank R. Lautenberg)
 * Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
 * Ethics (Select) (Chair: Warren Rudman; Vice Chair: Howell Heflin)
 * Finance (Chair: Bob Packwood; Ranking Member: Russell B. Long)
 * Taxation and Debt Management (Chair: John H. Chafee; Ranking Member: Spark Matsunaga)
 * International Trade (Chair: John C. Danforth; Ranking Member: Lloyd Bentsen)
 * Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy (Chair: H. John Heinz III; Ranking Member: George J. Mitchell)
 * Energy and Agricultural Taxation (Chair: Malcolm Wallop; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
 * Health (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
 * Social Security and Income Maintenance Programs (Chair: William L. Armstrong; Ranking Member: Daniel Moynihan)
 * Estate and Gift Taxation (Chair: Steve Symms; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
 * Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service (Chair: Bob Dole; Ranking Member: David Pryor)
 * Foreign Relations (Chair: Richard Lugar; Ranking Member: Claiborne Pell)
 * Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chair: Jesse Helms; Ranking Member: Edward Zorinsky)
 * International Economic Policy, Oceans and Environment (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
 * African Affairs (Chair: Nancy Kassebaum; Ranking Member: John Kerry)
 * Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Chair: Rudy Boschwitz; Ranking Member: Paul Sarbanes)
 * European Affairs (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
 * East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
 * Governmental Affairs (Chair: Bill Roth; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Eagleton)
 * Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (Chair: Bill Roth; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
 * Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Eagleton)
 * Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services (Chair: Thad Cochran; Ranking Member: John Glenn)
 * Intergovernmental Relations (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
 * Civil Service, Post Office and General Services (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: Al Gore)
 * Oversight of Government Management (Chair: William S. Cohen; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
 * Impeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select) (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: )
 * Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Mark Andrews)
 * Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
 * Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
 * Criminal Law (Chair: Paul Laxalt; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
 * Constitution (Chair: Orrin Hatch; Ranking Member: Dennis DeConcini)
 * Immigration and Refugee Policy (Chair: Alan K. Simpson; Ranking Member: Ted Kennedy)
 * Courts (Chair: John P. East; Ranking Member: Howell Heflin)
 * Administration Practice and Procedure (Chair: Chuck Grassley; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
 * Security and Terrorism (Chair: Jeremiah Denton; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
 * Juvenile Justice (Chair: Arlen Specter; Ranking Member: Paul Simon)
 * Intelligence (Select) (Chair: David Durenberger; Vice Chairman: Patrick Leahy)
 * Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch; Ranking Member: Ted Kennedy)
 * Labor (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
 * Education, Arts and Humanities (Chair: Robert Stafford; Ranking Member: Claiborne Pell)
 * Employment and Productivity (Chair: Dan Quayle; Ranking Member: Paul Simon)
 * Handicapped (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker; Ranking Member: John Kerry)
 * Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism (Chair: Paula Hawkins; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
 * Aging (Chair: Chuck Grassley; Ranking Member: Spark Matsunaga)
 * Nutrition and Human Needs (Select) (Chair: )
 * Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Wendell H. Ford)
 * Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special) (Chair: )
 * Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
 * Urban and Rural Economic Development (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Alan J. Dixon)
 * Government Procurement (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
 * Productivity and Competition (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
 * Innovation and Technology (Chair: Warren Rudman; Ranking Member: David L. Boren)
 * Export Promotion and Market Development (Chair: Rudy Boschwitz; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
 * Small Business Family Farm (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
 * Entrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small Business (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Jim Sasser)
 * Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Aging (Select) (Chair: Edward Roybal)
 * Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza; Ranking Member: Edward Madigan)
 * Cotton, Rice and Sugar (Chair: Jerry Huckaby; Ranking Member: Arlan Stangeland)
 * Livestock, Dairy and Poultry (Chair: Tony Coelho; Ranking Member: Jim Jeffords)
 * Tobacco and Peanuts (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Larry J. Hopkins)
 * Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains (Chair: Tom Foley; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
 * Conservation Credit and Rural Development (Chair: Ed Jones; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
 * Department Operations Research and Foreign Agriculture (Chair: Berkley Bedell; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
 * Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition (Chair: Leon Panetta; Ranking Member: Bill Emerson)
 * Forests, Family Farms and Energy (Chair: Charles Whitley)
 * Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
 * Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies (Chair: Jamie Whitten; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
 * Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary (Chair: Neal Edward Smith; Ranking Member: Virginia Smith)
 * Defense (Chair: Joseph P. Addabbo; Ranking Member: George M. O'Brien)
 * District of Columbia (Chair: Julian C. Dixon; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
 * Energy and Water Development (Chair: Tom Bevill; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
 * Foreign Operations (Chair: David Obey; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
 * HUD-Independent Agencies (Chair: Edward P. Boland; Ranking Member: Bill Green)
 * Interior (Chair: Sidney Yates; Ranking Member: Ralph Regula)
 * Labor-Health and Human Services (Chair: William H. Natcher; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
 * Legislative (Chair: Victor Fazio; Ranking Member: Jerry Lewis)
 * Military Construction (Chair: Bill Hefner; Ranking Member: Mickey Edwards)
 * Transportation (Chair: William Lehman; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
 * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Joe Skeen)
 * Armed Services (Chair: Les Aspin; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
 * Military Personnel and Compensation (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Elwood Hillis)
 * Research and Development (Chair: Charles Melvin Price; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
 * Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials (Chair: Charles Edward Bennett; Ranking Member: Floyd Spence)
 * Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems (Chair: Samuel S. Stratton; Ranking Member: Marjorie S. Holt)
 * Investigations (Chair: Bill Nichols; Ranking Member: Larry J. Hopkins)
 * Readiness (Chair: Dan Daniel; Ranking Member: G. William Whitehurst)
 * Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Panel (Chair: Dan Daniel; Ranking Member: G. William Whitehurst)
 * Military Installations and Facilities (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Ken Kramer)
 * Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
 * Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance (Chair: Fernand St. Germain; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
 * Housing and Community Development (Chair: Henry B. Gonzalez; Ranking Member: Stewart B. McKinney)
 * Consumer Affairs and Coinage (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: John P. Hiler)
 * Domestic Monetary Policy (Chair: Walter E. Fauntroy; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
 * International Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy (Chair: Stephen L. Neal; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
 * General Oversight and Renegotiation (Chair: Carroll Hubbard; Ranking Member: Stanford Parris)
 * Economic Stabilization (Chair: John J. LaFalce; Ranking Member: Norman D. Shumway)
 * International Development Institutions and Finance (Chair: Stan Lundine; Ranking Member: Doug Bereuter)
 * Budget (Chair: William H. Gray; Ranking Member: Del Latta)
 * Defense and International Affairs (Chair: Thomas J. Downey; Ranking Member: Bobbi Fiedler)
 * Economic Policy (Chair: Mike Lowry; Ranking Member: Jack Kemp)
 * Budget Process (Chair: Butler Derrick; Ranking Member: Lynn Morley Martin)
 * State and Local Government (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: Connie Mack III)
 * Human Resources (Chair: Pat Williams; Ranking Member: Bill Goodling)
 * Community and Natural Resources (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Tom Loeffler)
 * Health (Chair: Martin Frost; Ranking Member: Willis D. Gradison Jr.)
 * Income Security (Chair: Victor H. Fazio; Ranking Member: W. Henson Moore)
 * Children, Youth and Families (Select) (Chair: George Miller)
 * District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Stewart B. McKinney)
 * Fiscal Affairs and Health (Chair: Walter E. Fauntroy; Ranking Member: Stewart McKinney)
 * Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs (Chair: Michael D. Barnes; Ranking Member: Stanford Parris)
 * Judiciary and Education (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Bliley Jr.)
 * Education and Labor (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins; Ranking Member: Jim Jeffords)
 * Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins; Ranking Member: William F. Goodling)
 * Postsecondary Education (Chair: William D. Ford; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
 * Health and Safety (Chair: Joseph M. Gaydos; Ranking Member: Rod Chandler)
 * Labor-Management Relations (Chair: Bill Clay; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
 * Labor Standards (Chair: Austin J. Murphy; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
 * Human Resources (Chair: Dale E. Kildee; Ranking Member: Tom Tauke)
 * Select Education (Chair: Pat Williams; Ranking Member: Steve Bartlett)
 * Employment Opportunities (Chair: Matthew G. Martinez; Ranking Member: Steve Gunderson)
 * Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Jim Broyhill)
 * Oversight and Investigations (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Jim Broyhill)
 * Health and the Environment (Chair: Henry Waxman; Ranking Member: Edward Madigan)
 * Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance (Chair: Timothy Wirth; Ranking Member: Matthew J. Rinaldo)
 * Fossil and Synthetic Fuels (Chair: Phil Sharp; Ranking Member: William E. Dannemeyer)
 * Commerce, Transportation and Tourism (Chair: James J. Florio; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
 * Energy Conservation and Power (Chair: Ed Markey; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
 * Foreign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
 * Arms Control, International Security and Science (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
 * Europe and the Middle East (Chair: Lee H. Hamilton; Ranking Member: Benjamin A. Gilman)
 * Human Rights and International Organizations (Chair: Gus Yatron; Ranking Member: Gerald B.H. Solomon)
 * International Economic Policy and Trade (Chair: Stephen J. Solarz; Ranking Member: Toby Roth)
 * Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Don Bonker; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
 * International Operations (Chair: Dan Mica; Ranking Member: Olympia J. Snowe)
 * Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chair: Michael D. Barnes; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
 * Africa (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Mark Siljander)
 * Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
 * Legislation and National Security (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
 * Government Activities and Transportation (Chair: Cardiss Collins; Ranking Member: Al McCandless)
 * Government Information and Individual Rights (Chair: Glenn English; Ranking Member: Thomas N. Kindness)
 * Ingovernmental Relations and Human Resources (Chair: Ted Weiss; Ranking Member: Robert S. Walker)
 * Environment, Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: Mike Synar; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger Jr.)
 * Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs (Chair: Doug Barnard; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
 * Employment and Housing (Chair: Barney Frank; Ranking Member: Howard C. Nielson)
 * House Administration (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: Bill Frenzel)
 * Accounts (Chair: Joseph Gaydos; Ranking Member: Robert E. Badham)
 * Services (Chair: Ed Jones; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
 * Office Systems (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
 * Personnel and Police (Chair: Leon Panetta; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
 * Elections (Chair: Al Swift; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
 * Procurement and Printing (Chair: Tom Foley; Ranking Member: Newt Gingrich)
 * Hunger (Select) (Chair: Mickey Leland)
 * Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall; Ranking Member: Don Young)
 * Energy and the Environment (Chair: Mo Udall; Ranking Member: Manuel Lujan Jr.)
 * Public Lands (Chair: John F. Seiberling; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
 * General Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest Management (Chair: Jim Weaver; Ranking Member: Chip Pashayan)
 * Water and Power Resources (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: Dick Cheney)
 * Mining and Natural Resources (Chair: Nick Rahall; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
 * National Parks and Recreation (Chair: Bruce Vento; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
 * Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
 * Immigration, Refugees and International Law (Chair: Romano L. Mazzoli; Ranking Member: Dan Lungren)
 * Administrative Law and Governmental Relations (Chair: Sam B. Hall Jr.; Ranking Member: Thomas N. Kindness)
 * Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice (Chair: Robert W. Kastenmeier; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
 * Civil and Constitutional Rights (Chair: Don Edwards; Ranking Member: Jim Sensenbrenner)
 * Monopolies and Commercial Law (Chair: Peter W. Rodino; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
 * Crime (Chair: William J. Hughes; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
 * Criminal Justice (Chair: John Conyers; Ranking Member: George W. Gekas)
 * Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
 * Merchant Marine (Chair: Mario Biaggi; Ranking Member: Gene Snyder)
 * Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment (Chair: John Breaux; Ranking Member: Don Young)
 * Oceangraphy (Chair: Barbara Mikulski; Ranking Member: Norman D. Shumway)
 * Panama Canal and Outer Continental Stuff (Chair: Mike Lowry; Ranking Member: Jack Fields)
 * Coast Guard and Navigation (Chair: Gerry Studds; Ranking Member: Robert W. Davis)
 * Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: William Carney)
 * Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select) (Chair: Charles B. Rangel)
 * Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
 * Civil Service (Chair: Patricia Schroeder; Ranking Member: Chip Pashayan)
 * Census and Population (Chair: Robert Garcia; Ranking Member: James V. Hansen)
 * Postal Operations and Services (Chair: Mickey Leland; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
 * Compensation and Employee Benefits (Chair: Mary Rose Oakar; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
 * Human Resources (Chair: Gary Ackerman; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
 * Investigations (Chair: Gerry Sikorski; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
 * Postal Personnel and Modernization (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
 * Public Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard; Ranking Member: Gene Snyder)
 * Aviation (Chair: Norman Y. Mineta; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
 * Economic Development (Chair: Henry J. Nowak; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger Jr.)
 * Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Jim Oberstar; Ranking Member: Newt Gingrich)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chair: Robert A. Young; Ranking Member: E. Clay Shaw Jr.)
 * Surface Transportation (Chair: Glenn M. Anderson; Ranking Member: Bud Shuster)
 * Water Resources (Chair: Robert A. Roe; Ranking Member: Arlan Stangeland)
 * Rules (Chair: Claude Pepper; Ranking Member: Jimmy Quillen)
 * The Legislative Process (Chair: Butler Derrick; Ranking Member: Trent Lott)
 * Rules of the House (Chair: Joe Moakley; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
 * Science and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua; Ranking Member: Manuel Lujan Jr.)
 * Energy Development and Applications (Chair: Don Fuqua; Ranking Member: Jim Sensenbrenner)
 * Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment (Chair: James H. Scheuer; Ranking Member: Claudine Schneider)
 * Energy Research and Production (Chair: Marilyn Lloyd; Ranking Member: Sid Morrison)
 * Science, Research and Technology (Chair: Doug Walgren; Ranking Member: Sherwood Boehlert)
 * Transportation, Aviation and Materials (Chair: Dan Glickman; Ranking Member: Tom Lewis)
 * Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Harold Volkmer; Ranking Member: Ron Packard)
 * Space Science and Applications (Chair: Bill Nelson; Ranking Member: Robert S. Walker)
 * Small Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
 * SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems (Chair: Parren Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
 * General Oversight and the Economy (Chair: Nicholas Mavroules; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
 * Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business (Chair: Charles Floyd Hatcher; Ranking Member: Vin Weber)
 * Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business (Chair: Charles W. Stenholm; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
 * Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities (Chair: Tom Luken; Ranking Member: John P. Hiler)
 * Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems (Chair: Ike Skelton; Ranking Member: Andy Ireland)
 * Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Julian C. Dixon; Ranking Member: Floyd Spence)
 * Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
 * Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Sonny Montgomery; Ranking Member: Elwood Hillis)
 * Hospitals and Health Care (Chair: Bob Edgar; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
 * Education, Training and Employment (Chair: Tom Daschle; Ranking Member: Bob McEwen)
 * Compensation, Pension and Insurance (Chair: Douglas Applegate; Ranking Member: Gerald B.H. Solomon)
 * Housing and Memorial Affairs (Chair: Richard Shelby; Ranking Member: Chris Smith)
 * Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski; Ranking Member: John J. Duncan)
 * Trade (Chair: Sam Gibbons; Ranking Member: Phil Crane)
 * Oversight (Chair: J.J. Pickle; Ranking Member: Richard T. Schulze)
 * Select Revenue Measures (Chair: Charles Rangel; Ranking Member: Guy Vander Jagt)
 * Health (Chair: Pete Stark; Ranking Member: Bill Gradison)
 * Social Security (Chair: James Robert Jones; Ranking Member: Bill Archer)
 * Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation (Chair: Harold Ford Sr.; Ranking Member: Carroll A. Campbell Jr.)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Economic (Chair: Rep. David Obey; Vice Chair: Sen. James Abdnor)
 * Taxation (Chair: Rep. Dan Rostenkowski; Vice Chair: Sen. Bob Packwood)
 * The Library (Chair: Rep. Frank Annunzio; Vice Chair: Sen. Charles Mathias)
 * Printing (Chair: Sen. Charles Mathias; Vice Chair: Rep. Frank Annunzio)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
 * Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary, until 1986
 * William Narva, from 1986
 * Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
 * Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. Penner
 * Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
 * Public Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell Jr.

Senate

 * Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson (Presbyterian)
 * Curator: James R. Ketchum
 * Historian: Richard A. Baker
 * Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
 * Secretary: Jo-Anne L. Coe
 * Librarian: Roger K. Haley
 * Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
 * Secretary for the Minority: David Pratt
 * Sergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith, until June 3, 1985
 * Ernest E. Garcia, from June 3, 1985

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: James David Ford (Lutheran)
 * Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
 * Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
 * Historian: Ray Smock
 * Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D) and Bob Berry (R)
 * Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
 * Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
 * Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ

title: 99th United States Congress


text:
Baron Dowding

Baron Dowding, of Bentley Priory in the County of Middlesex, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 5 July 1943 for the noted air commander Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding. He was commander of the RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain in 1940. the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1992.

Barons Dowding (1943)

 * Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding (1882–1970)
 * Derek Hugh Tremenheere Dowding, 2nd Baron Dowding (1919–1992)
 * Piers Hugh Tremenheere Dowding, 3rd Baron Dowding (b. 1948)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's only brother the Honourable Mark Dennis James Dowding (b. 1949)

The heir presumptive's heir apparent is his only son Alexander Dowding (b. 1983)

title: Baron Dowding


text:
Type 45

Type 45 may refer to:
 * Type 45 destroyer of the British Royal Navy
 * Type 45 240 mm howitzer, a weapon of the Imperial Japanese Army
 * Type 45 Siamese Mauser, misnomer for Type 46 Siamese Mauser, a service rifle adopted by the government of Siam

title: Type 45


text:
Church Slavonic

Church Slavonic is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Eastern Orthodox Church in Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Serbia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia. The language appears also in the services of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese, and occasionally in the services of the Orthodox Church in America.

In addition, Church Slavonic is used by some churches which consider themselves Orthodox but are not in communion with the Orthodox Church, such as the Montenegrin Orthodox Church and the Russian True Orthodox Church. The Russian Old Believers and the Co-Believers also use Church Slavonic.

Church Slavonic is also used by Greek Catholic Churches in Slavic countries, for example the Croatian, Slovak and Ruthenian Greek Catholics, as well as by the Roman Catholic Church (Croatian and Czech recensions).

In the past, Church Slavonic was also used by the Orthodox Churches in the Romanian lands until the late 17th and early 18th centuries, as well as by Roman Catholic Croats in the Early Middle Ages.

Historical development
Church Slavonic represents a later stage of Old Church Slavonic, and is the continuation of the liturgical tradition introduced by two Thessalonian brothers, Saints Cyril and Methodius, in the late 9th century in Nitra, a principal town and religious and scholarly center of Great Moravia (located in present-day Slovakia). There the first Slavic translations of the Scripture and liturgy from Koine Greek were made.

After the Christianization of Bulgaria in 864, Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum of Preslav were of great importance to the Eastern Orthodox faith and the Old Church Slavonic liturgy in the First Bulgarian Empire. The success of the conversion of the Bulgarians facilitated the conversion of the East Slavs. A major event was the development of the Cyrillic script in Bulgaria at the Preslav Literary School in the 9th century. The Cyrillic script and the liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, also called Old Bulgarian, were declared official in Bulgaria in 893.

By the early 12th century, individual Slavic languages started to emerge, and the liturgical language was modified in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and orthography according to the local vernacular usage. These modified varieties or recensions (e.g. Serbian Church Slavonic, Russian Church Slavonic, Ukrainian Church Slavonic in Early Cyrillic script, Croatian Church Slavonic in Croatian angular Glagolitic and later in Latin script, Czech Church Slavonic, Slovak Church Slavonic in Latin script, Bulgarian Church Slavonic in Early Cyrillic and Bulgarian Glagolitic scripts, etc.) eventually stabilized and their regularized forms were used by the scribes to produce new translations of liturgical material from Koine Greek, or Latin in the case of Croatian Church Slavonic.

Attestation of Church Slavonic traditions appear in Early Cyrillic and Glagolitic script. Glagolitic has nowadays fallen out of use, though both scripts were used from the earliest attested period.

The first Church Slavonic printed book was the Missale Romanum Glagolitice (1483) in angular Glagolitic, followed shortly by five Cyrillic liturgical books printed in Kraków in 1491.

Recensions

The Church Slavonic language is actually a set of at least four different dialects (recensions or redactions; извод, izvod), with essential distinctions between them in dictionary, spelling (even in writing systems), phonetics, and other aspects. The most widespread recension, Russian, has several local sub-dialects in turn, with slightly different pronunciations.

These various Church Slavonic recensions were used as a liturgical and literary language in all Orthodox countries north of the Mediterranean region during the Middle Ages, even in places where the local population was not Slavic (especially in Romania). In recent centuries, however, Church Slavonic was fully replaced by local languages in the non-Slavic countries. Even in some of the Slavic Orthodox countries, the modern national language is now used for liturgical purposes to a greater or lesser extent.

The Russian Orthodox Church, which contains around half of all Orthodox believers, still holds its liturgies almost entirely in Church Slavonic. However, there exist parishes which use other languages (where the main problem has been a lack of good translations). Examples include:
 * According to the decision of the All-Russian Church Council of 1917–1918, service in Russian or Ukrainian can be permitted in individual parishes when approved by church authorities.
 * Parishes serving ethnic minorities in Russia use (entirely or in part) the languages of those populations: Chuvash, Mordvinic, Mari, Tatar (for Keräşens), Sakha (Yakut), etc.
 * Autonomous parts of the Russian Orthodox Church prepare and partly use translations to the languages of the local population, as Ukrainian, Belarusian, Romanian (in Moldova), Japanese, and Chinese.
 * Parishes in the diaspora, including ones of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, often use local languages: English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch, Portuguese, etc.

What follows is a list of modern recensions or dialects of Church Slavonic. For a list and descriptions of extinct recensions, see the article on the Old Church Slavonic language.

Russian (Synodal) recension
The Russian recension of New Church Slavonic is the language of books since the second half of the 17th century. It generally uses traditional Cyrillic script ; however, certain texts (mostly prayers) are printed in modern alphabets with the spelling adapted to rules of local languages (for example, in Russian/Ukrainian/Bulgarian/Serbian Cyrillic or in Hungarian/Slovak/Polish Latin).

Before the eighteenth century, Church Slavonic was in wide use as a general literary language in Russia. Although it was never spoken per se outside church services, members of the priesthood, poets, and the educated tended to slip its expressions into their speech. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was gradually replaced by the Russian language in secular literature and was retained for use only in church. Although as late as the 1760s, Lomonosov argued that Church Slavonic was the so-called "high style" of Russian, during the nineteenth century within Russia, this point of view declined. Elements of Church Slavonic style may have survived longest in speech among the Old Believers after the late-seventeenth century schism in the Russian Orthodox Church.

Russian has borrowed many words from Church Slavonic. While both Russian and Church Slavonic are Slavic languages, some early Slavic sound combinations evolved differently in each branch. As a result, the borrowings into Russian are similar to native Russian words, but with South Slavic variances, e.g. (the first word in each pair is Russian, the second Church Slavonic): золото / злато ( / ), город / град ( / Grad (Slavic settlement)), горячий / горящий ( / ), рожать / рождать ( / ). Since the Russian Romantic era and the corpus of work of the great Russian authors (from Gogol to Chekhov, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky), the relationship between words in these pairs has become traditional. Where the abstract meaning has not commandeered the Church Slavonic word completely, the two words are often synonyms related to one another, much as Latin and native English words were related in the nineteenth century: one is archaic and characteristic of written high style, while the other is found in common speech.

Standard (Russian) variant
In Russia, Church Slavonic is pronounced in the same way as Russian, with some exceptions:
 * Church Slavonic features okanye and yekanye, i.e., the absence of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. That is, о and е in unstressed positions are always read as and ~ respectively (like in northern Russian dialects), whereas in standard Russian pronunciation they have different allophones when unstressed.
 * There should be no de-voicing of final consonants, although in practice there often is.
 * The letter е is never read as ё ~ (the letter ё does not exist in Church Slavonic writing at all). This is also reflected in borrowings from Church Slavonic into Russian: in the following pairs the first word is Church Slavonic in origin, and the second is purely Russian: небо / нёбо (nebo / nëbo), надежда / надёжный (nadežda / nadëžnyj).
 * The letter Γ can traditionally be read as voiced fricative velar sound (just as in Southern Russian dialects); however, occlusive  (as in standard Russian pronunciation) is also possible and has been considered acceptable since the beginning of the 20th century. When unvoiced, it becomes ; this has influenced the Russian pronunciation of Бог (Bog) as Boh [box].
 * The adjective endings -аго/-его/-ого/-яго are pronounced as written, whereas Russian -его/-ого are pronounced with instead of  (and with the reduction of unstressed vowels).

Ukrainian and Rusyn variants
A main difference between Russian and Ukrainian variants of Church Slavonic as well as the Russian "Civil Script" lies in the pronunciation of the letter yat (ѣ). The Russian pronunciation is the same as е ~ whereas the Ukrainian is the same as и. Greek Catholic variants of Church Slavonic books printed in variants of the Latin alphabet (a method used in Austro-Hungary and Czechoslovakia) just contain the letter "i" for yat. Other distinctions reflect differences between palatalization rules of Ukrainian and Russian (for example, $⟨ч⟩$ is always "soft" (palatalized) in Russian pronunciation and "hard" in the Ukrainian one), different pronunciation of letters $⟨г⟩$ and $⟨щ⟩$, etc. Another major difference is the use of Ґ in the Rusyn variant. Г is pronounced as h and Ґ is pronounced as G. For example, Blagosloveno is Blahosloveno in Rusyn variants.

Typographically, Serbian and Ukrainian editions (when printed in traditional Cyrillic) are almost identical to the Russian ones. Certain visible distinctions may include:
 * less frequent use of abbreviations in "nomina sacra";
 * treating digraph $⟨оу⟩$ as a single character rather than two letters (for example, in letter-spacing or in combination with diacritical marks: in Russian editions, they are placed above $⟨у⟩$, not between $⟨о⟩$ and $⟨у⟩$; also, when the first letter of a word is printed in different color, it is applied to $⟨о⟩$ in Russian editions and to the entire $⟨оу⟩$ in Serbian and Ukrainian).

Old Moscow recension
The Old Moscow recension is in use among Old Believers and Co-Believers. The same traditional Cyrillic alphabet as in Russian Synodal recension; however, there are differences in spelling because the Old Moscow recension reproduces an older state of orthography and grammar in general (before the 1650s). The most easily observable peculiarities of books in this recension are:
 * using of digraph $⟨оу⟩$ not only in the initial position,
 * hyphenation with no hyphenation sign.

Serbian recension
The variant differences are limited to the lack of certain sounds in Serbian phonetics (there are no sounds corresponding to letters ы and щ, and in certain cases the palatalization is impossible to observe, e.g. ть is pronounced as т etc.). The medieval Serbian recension of Church Slavonic was gradually replaced by the Russian recension since the early 18th century.

Nowadays in Serbia, Church Slavonic is generally pronounced according to the Russian model.

Croatian recension
This is in limited use among Croatian Catholics. Texts are printed in the Croatian Latin alphabet (with the addition of letter $⟨ě⟩$ for yat) or in Glagolitic script. Sample editions include:
 * Missale Romanum Glagolitice
 * Ioseph Vais, Abecedarivm Palaeoslovenicvm in usvm glagolitarvm. Veglae, [Krk], 1917 (2nd ed.). XXXVI+76 p. (collection of liturgical texts in Glagolitic script, with a brief Church Slavonic grammar written in Latin language and Slavonic-Latin dictionary)
 * Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom: Čin misi s izbranimi misami..., Zagreb: Kršćanska sadašnjost, 1980 (The ISBN specified even at the publisher 978-953-151-721-5 is bad, causing a checksum error) (in Croatian Latin script)

Czech recension
Church Slavonic is in very limited use among Czech Catholics. The recension was developed by Vojtěch Tkadlčík in his editions of the Roman missal:
 * Rimskyj misal slověnskym jazykem izvoljenijem Apostolskym za Arcibiskupiju Olomuckuju iskusa dělja izdan. Olomouc 1972.
 * Rimskyj misal povelěnijem svjataho vselenskaho senma Vatikanskaho druhaho obnovljen... Olomouc 1992.

Grammar and style
Although the various recensions of Church Slavonic differ in some points, they share the tendency of approximating the original Old Church Slavonic to the local Slavic vernacular. Inflection tends to follow the ancient patterns with few simplifications. All original six verbal tenses, seven nominal cases, and three numbers are intact in most frequently used traditional texts (but in the newly composed texts, authors avoid most archaic constructions and prefer variants that are closer to modern Russian syntax and are better understood by the Slavic-speaking people).

In Russian recension, the fall of the yers is fully reflected, more or less to the Russian pattern, although the terminal ъ continues to be written. The yuses are often replaced or altered in usage to the sixteenth- or seventeenth-century Russian pattern. The yat continues to be applied with greater attention to the ancient etymology than it was in nineteenth-century Russian. The letters ksi, psi, omega, ot, and izhitsa are kept, as are the letter-based denotation of numerical values, the use of stress accents, and the abbreviations or titla for nomina sacra.

The vocabulary and syntax, whether in scripture, liturgy, or church missives, are generally somewhat modernised in an attempt to increase comprehension. In particular, some of the ancient pronouns have been eliminated from the scripture (such as етеръ "a certain (person, etc.)" → нѣкій in the Russian recension). Many, but not all, occurrences of the imperfect tense have been replaced with the perfect.

Miscellaneous other modernisations of classical formulae have taken place from time to time. For example, the opening of the Gospel of John, by tradition the first words written down by Saints Cyril and Methodius, (искони бѣаше слово) "In the beginning was the Word", were set as "искони бѣ слово" in the Ostrog Bible of Ivan Fedorov (1580/1581) and as въ началѣ бѣ слово in the Elizabethan Bible of 1751, still in use in the Russian Orthodox Church.

title: Church Slavonic