text:
Andy Brandt

Andrew S. Brandt (June 11, 1938 – December 22, 2023) was a Canadian politician and public administrator who served in a number of roles in the province of Ontario. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Progressive Conservative from 1981 to 1990, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of Bill Davis and Frank Miller. He later served as interim leader of the Progressive Conservative Party from 1987 to 1990 before being appointed chairman and CEO of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario.

Background
Andrew S. Brandt was born June 11, 1938, in London, Ontario. Brandt was educated at the University of Waterloo, and was a businessman and musician before entering political life.

Politics
Brandt ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 federal election as a Progressive Conservative, but lost to Liberal Bud Cullen by 1,465 votes in Sarnia—Lambton. Brandt served as an alderman in Sarnia from 1971 to 1974, and as mayor of the city from 1975 to 1980.

Brandt ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1977 provincial election, but lost to Liberal Paul Blundy, who had immediately preceded Brandt as Mayor of Sarnia, by 257 votes in the provincial electoral district of Sarnia. He ran again in the 1981 election and defeated Blundy by 3,029 votes, as the Progressive Conservatives won a majority government under Bill Davis. After serving as a parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Labour, Brandt was promoted to cabinet on July 6, 1983, as Minister of the Environment.

Brandt was originally neutral in the Progressive Conservative Party's 1985 leadership convention, but surprised delegates by endorsing Frank Miller from the convention podium. When Miller became Premier of Ontario on February 8, 1985, he appointed Brandt as his Minister of Industry and Trade. Brandt was easily returned in the 1985 provincial election. The Progressive Conservatives were reduced to a minority government, however, and soon lost a vote of confidence in the legislature. In opposition, Brandt served as his party's critic for Environment and Industry.

The 1987 provincial election proved disastrous for the Progressive Conservative Party, which was reduced to only sixteen seats out of 130 in the legislature. Brandt defeated Liberal Joan Link-Mellon by 2,661 votes. Party leader Larry Grossman was defeated in his own riding so Brandt was selected as interim leader on November 3, 1987, and held the position until Mike Harris was chosen as full-time leader on May 12, 1990. Brandt did not run in the 1990 election.

After politics
In 1991, Bob Rae appointed Brandt as chairman and CEO of the LCBO, the agency that owns and operates Ontario's publicly owned liquor stores. He was reappointed to the position four times by Rae, Harris and Ernie Eves, retaining the position for fifteen years, and remains the longest serving chair and CEO in LCBO history. He was noted for modernizing the LCBO's operations as well as convincing the provincial government not to privatize the service. He was accused of accepting inappropriate luxury trips in 1999, but was defended in the legislature and was soon after reappointed to a fourth term as chair and CEO.

In 2000, Brandt supported Stockwell Day for the leadership of the Canadian Alliance on the second ballot of the newly formed party's leadership contest.

Brandt retired as LCBO chairman on February 5, 2006, after fifteen years at the helm. During his time in the position, annual sales went from $1.8 billion in 1991 to a projected $3.6 billion in 2006.

Brandt died on December 22, 2023, at the age of 85.

title: Andy Brandt


text:
User talk:Tapo

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello Tapo, welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for all your contributions. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them: If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Tapo


text:
User talk:Ajgorhoe

Please insert your posts at the bottom of this page.

Thank you,

Ajgorhoe (talk)

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. I've moved Črneče to Crnece, since the C with the accent didn't render correctly. Maximus Rex 01:40, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for all your contributions. Please note that you should not sign articles. Your user name is displayed in the page history, so you should not add it to the article itself.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela. 07:36, Feb 25, 2004 (UTC)

Ajgorhoe, what to say for your award of barnstar to my contributions herein. Well I'll just say thank you of course, but this also means some more obligations to me for my further work. I also have to say that I am very glad because of your recent contributions, specially for the Carinthia region. Let us keep on good work and God speed us. Best regards. (Lep pozdrav) --XJamRastafire 03:11, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Request for edit summary
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Numerical simulation
I have added a "" template to the article Numerical simulation, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.  Felis Leo Talk! 12:42, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Numerical Simulation (again)
I proposed deletion on the article because in the form it was in it was no more than a dictionary entry, see WP:DICDEF. Unfortunately you weren't around to either expand or contest the delete so I think you will have a good shot at getting it restored. You can request a deletion review here: WP:DRV Cheers,  Felis Leo Talk! 10:34, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

hey plese
you can traslate to slovene this

--Zerolex 18:44, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * This user does not understand slovene (or understands it with considerable difficulty).
 * These users speak Slovene.

Translations are:
 * Ta uporabnik ne razume (ali precej slabo razume) slovensko
 * Ti uporabniki govorijo Slovensko.

A tag has been placed on Doodle event scheduling, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Corvus cornix 22:12, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * In light of the above concerns and after considering your comments on the talk page, I have deleted this article. Feel free to recreate it if you can prove that the subject meets our notability guidelines.  Thanks for understanding. Canderson7 (talk) 22:56, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Dear Canderson7, you have deleted the article Doodle event scheduling although: Now the article including the arguments on its discussion page is lost. In order to restore the article, I must restart everything from scratch (I didn't save my work on my computer). In my opinion, such actions do not help extending and improving Wikipedia. Ajgorhoe 23:59, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
 * the article did not match (in my opinion) any criteria for speedy deletion
 * I have contested the deletion (inserted the hangon template) and inserted arguments about why I disprove deletion on article's discussion page
 * Nobody has stated any counterargument
 * I have promised on article's discussion page that I will soon improve the article in such a way that the notability of its subject can be asserted

 * Hi Ajgorhoe,

 * Sorry that you didn't find my previous statement suitably clear. As User:Corvus cornix first pointed out, the article qualified for deletion as "unremarkable web content" under CSD A7.  The hangon tag exists so that you can postpone deletion while you formulate and post your argument against deletion.  You did so in the ample time provided and posted it to the talk page.

This article is about a web page that provides a free internet service that enables people to synchronize time of a planned event (such as a project meeting) according to the schedules of all participants. This is a very useful tool for schedule planning that helps to solve the major problem of this activity in the case when there are a larger number of potential participants or when participants are located at distant locations, such that it would be difficult for them to meet separately to establish the date.

I don't have information about how wide spread the use of the service is, but experience from my business environment (I work on many R&D international projects) is that all people who have found out about the service also started to use it for scheduling meetings.

In the near future (which according to my busy schedule means a couple of days, not a couple of minutes) I plan to extend the article in such a way that notability will be more easily recognizable. Ajgorhoe 22:37, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * User:SGGH posted a counter-argument:

"Asserting notability is just as important when beating a speedy delete. You say that you don't have the information but it is notable and well used, but without facts and figures to back that up the article will still be deleted. I suggest you wait until you have citations to back it up and then recreate the article. SGGH speak! 22:44, 8 July 2007 (UTC)"

 * I came along after finding the article in CAT:CSD. I evaluated the CSD, your argument, and the counter-argument.  As creator of an article, the burden lies with you to (at the very least) allege notability for the subject.  You had not done so.  In light of this fact and Wikipedia policy, I decided to delete the article, knowing that it could be recreated along with an assertion of notability at any time in the future.  The full deleted content is quoted below for your convenience.

'' Doodle event scheduling is a free web-based tool to find suitable dates for events where participation of a number of people is expected.

Call for improvement
I have left a call for adding information about software tools used in Event planning on the Article's talk page. Ajgorhoe 14:01, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on PhotoFiltre, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this article is not blatant advertising, you may contest the tagging. To do this, please add  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would help make it encyclopedic, as well as adding any citations from reliable sources to ensure that the article will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. andy 16:36, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on BIMP, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this article is not blatant advertising, you may contest the tagging. To do this, please add  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would help make it encyclopedic, as well as adding any citations from reliable sources to ensure that the article will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. andy 16:39, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Improve, not delete!
The argument that this article is advertising is not founded. It is just a description of a software, such as hundreds of others on Wikipedia, and it is for sure no more advertising than e.g. Mozilla Firefox or Corel Paint Shop Pro (except that maybe style should be improved - please do so).

Instead of deleting the article, it should be upgraded by improving style, quality of information and adding references. Please be constructive rather than destructive. Ajgorhoe 17:01, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

BIMP
A template has been added to the article BIMP, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. andy 17:59, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Redirect of BIMP Lite
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on BIMP Lite, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because BIMP Lite is a redirect to a non-existent page (CSD R1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting BIMP Lite, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. CSDWarnBot 14:00, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Amebis requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. andy 22:52, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Oto Pestner requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. andy 22:55, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Alenka Godec requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. andy 22:57, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

About the article Settlement of Slavs in the Eastern Alps
Hi ! What do you think about the article written by Jalen, and about my commentary in "discussion" of the article? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Slavic_settlement_of_Eastern_Alps--Marcos G. Tusar (talk) 18:10, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

BIMP
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of BIMP, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://cerebralsynergy.com/download.php?view.52. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 19:50, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject:Europe/Slovenia
Hi! I invite you to join WikiProject Europe/Slovenia. --Eleassar my talk 08:18, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Translation
Hi! I wonder if you can tell me if this links are valid references to the article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Bezgovo_cvrtje Bezgovo cvrtje, claimed to be a Slovenian national dish made of elderberries, fried in dough, (elderberries Sambucus nigra), recipes, to this article or possibly this ones:

Med.Over.Net http://www.slovenia.info/pictures/business_event/atachments_1/2006/Strategija_gastronomije-31.8.2006_4277.pdf http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200823/cejkotova_domacija__goce ref with picture

http://kitchenstories.blog.siol.net/2008/06/07/deliverance/ ref with picture

Bezgovec Po receptu, ki ga najdemo v knjigi Jedi na Goriškem, se iz zrelih bezgovih jagod in sladkorja pripravi tudi bezgovec za zimo. Zrelemu bezgu se obere jagode, ki se jih strese v lončeno ali leseno posodo in pretlači. Bezgovino shranimo v klet in počakamo, da nakisne. Potem jo pretlačimo skozi platneno ruto in pustimo, da se sok očisti. Precedimo ga skozi prtič in izmerimo, dodamo sladkor, kilogram na liter soka, in mešanico segrevamo. Ko zavre, kuhamo bezgovec še dvajset minut in sproti odstranjujemo pene. Nato bezgovec odstavimo in ga vročega nalijemo v ogrete steklenice, ki jih dobro zamašimo in hranimo za zimo. ALENKA TRATNIK Ocvrto bezgovo cvetje in domači bezgov sirup Foto: Alenka Tratnik

I am only guessing though.

Warrington (talk) 10:09, 19 January 2009 (UTC).

Re: Translation
Hi Warrington, links that you have listed are valid references to the above mentioned article, except the following one (which is only loosely related to the topic - it is a magazine article about a pub where the dish described in the article is also served): http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200823/cejkotova_domacija__goce

The text you have quoted talks about elderberry syrup and is therefore not directly related to the dish that the article is about. The last line says "Fried elder blossoms and a home-made elderberry syrup Photo: Alenka Tratnik". --Ajgorhoe (talk) 08:58, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

Thank you for your answer! Unfortunatelly this article was deleted in the main time because or the lack of references.

 * I need to ask you some questions. Is that true that this is a Slovenian national dish? It is a bit disturbing that a national dish gets deleted, and if really is, than the article shoul be re-created.

Warrington (talk) 11:48, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Ajgorhoe! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 17:45, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Alenka Godec -

Welcome to WikiProject Slovenia

Welcome,, to the WikiProject Slovenia! Please direct any questions about the project to its talk page. If you create new articles on Slovenia-related topics, please list them at our announcement page and tag their talk page with our project template WikiProject Slovenia. A few features that you might find helpful:
 * The project's Navigation box points to most of the pages in the project that might be of use to you.
 * Most of the important discussions related to the project take place on the project's main talk page; you may find it useful to [ watchlist it].

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me or any of the more experienced members of the project, and we'll be very happy to help you. Again, welcome, and thank you for joining this project! --Eleassar my talk 17:00, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Inverse (program)

The article Inverse (program) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No reliable sources independent of the subject. Tagged for five years for notability with no improvement. Google scholar search for inverse+c3m finds only single-digit citations.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. —David Eppstein (talk) 22:22, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Investigative Optimization Library

The article Investigative Optimization Library has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Couldn't establish WP:NOTABILITY

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Speedy deletion nomination of ZedGraph

A tag has been placed on ZedGraph requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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Speedy deletion nomination of NPlot

A tag has been placed on NPlot requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator. --allthefoxes (Talk) 03:51, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

Contested deletion - NPlot
This article should not be speedily deleted for lack of asserted importance. The article is not about web content as has been speculated in the proposal for speedy deletion. NPlot is a free cross-platform .NET library that supports creation of various kinds of graphs. It is a licensed under the BSD license and is one of the few such libraries for the .NET platform. Ability to plot graphs is important for presentation of scientific results, technical data, financial data and in various other fields. Wikipedia's coverage on software libraries is rather weak and it would be good if more people helped to expand the information. Ajgorhoe (talk) 11:57, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

Update: I have put this information on my talk page because the article was deleted before I could even react. Ajgorhoe (talk) 11:59, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

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Nomination of Eva Hren for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Eva Hren is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Proposed deletion of NeuronDotNet

The article NeuronDotNet has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Proposed deletion of Amebis

The article Amebis has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Proposed deletion of SendEmail

The article SendEmail has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:22, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Accord.NET

The article Accord.NET has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:23, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Xwt

The article Xwt has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:24, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Arguments against deletion of NeuronDotNet, Amebis, SendEmail, Accord.NET and Xwt
On June 20, these articles were templated for proposed deletion by Piotrus (see above) on grounds of supposed non-notability.

I disagree that the subjects of these articles are not notable enough to be included on Wikipedia. I provided some arguments on articles' respective talk pages.

The only exception might be the SendEmail article, for which I did not perform any checks. I've started this article quite some time ago when my view on subject's notability could have been different that it would have been today (due to that time's state of art), and I did not do any further considerations. For this article, I recommend that notability is verified by an editor who currently has more overview of e-mail clients (which I don't as I have not been involved in this area for quite some time), and eventually deletion can be proposed on solid grounds.

For all other articles of the group, I strongly suggest to expand and improve them. Due to lack of time I could only provide some additional references in some of these articles (or quickly pointed to a possible source, as in case of Accord.NET). --Ajgorhoe (talk) 15:39, 26 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Update: I have de-PROD-ed some of the mentioned articles. Templates with explanations added here:

 * User_talk:Piotrus

As of my perception, convincing enough arguments why these articles should be deleted were not presented up to this point. For two of these subjects I strongly feel they should have articles on their own. For another two, I allow for the possibility that they might better be merged into another articles (which would be more difficult if they are deleted). This last opinion is based on my personal feeling, I don't feel competent enough to give strong judgement (except that the contents should not be just deleted) and I hope the community will eventually push things in good direction. Current text should preferably be improved and better referenced in all these cases.

Please note that I am not an owner or being responsible for these articles, as Wikipedia is a collaborative voluntary project. I am just stating what I think would be best form the perspective of overall improvement. If neither I nor anybody else did not engage enough to perfect on these article in short time of nomination, this does not by itself prove that there is ground for non-notability claims. I was not presented by enough convincing arguments that I could believe that simply deleting the respected articles would not have negative impact. --Ajgorhoe (talk) 02:48, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

 * I've reviewed your arguments. In some cases, I am not disputing removal of the prod, as I found those arguments/sources convincing. In others I've decided to ask for community input at AfD. It's worth remembering WP:NOTCATALOGUE and WP:ITSIMPORTANT. Cheers, --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 07:42, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your notice. I'll try to participate in AfD discussions. --Ajgorhoe (talk) 03:45, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of NeuronDotNet for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article NeuronDotNet is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/NeuronDotNet until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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Nomination of Xwt for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Xwt is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Xwt until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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New article
Zato ker govorite slovenščino, lepo prosim izboljšajte to:Irena Yebuah Tiran. Moj slovenski je slabši od srbskega :-) Moja najljubša slovenska skupina je Navihanke. Staszek Lem (talk) 19:52, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Hi, unfortunately I don't know the subject of this article well. If I find time I'll try to check a bit, but will probably not be able to help substantially. --Ajgorhoe (talk) 03:54, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

A page you started (Boka (waterfall)) has been reviewed!
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Boleyn (talk) 08:06, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

Elcor, Minnesota
Hello, Ajgorhoe!

Would you have any interest in translating the Featured Article Elcor, Minnesota for the Slovenian Wikipedia? Since many of the immigrants who settled here were from Slovenia, I think having the article translated in this language is important, especially for any relatives of former residents who may be looking for information about the town. Thanks! DrGregMN (talk) 14:13, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

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An automated process has detected that when you recently edited List of .NET libraries and frameworks, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Android ([//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dablinks.py/List_of_.NET_libraries_and_frameworks check to confirm] | [//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py/List_of_.NET_libraries_and_frameworks?client=notify fix with Dab solver]).

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 * Note: corrected. --Ajgorhoe (talk) 13:13, 20 January 2019 (UTC)

Ways to improve Rjavina
Hello, Ajgorhoe,

Thanks for creating Rjavina! I edit here too, under the username Boleyn and it's nice to meet you :-)

I wanted to let you know that I have tagged the page as having some issues to fix, as a part of our page curation process and note that:-

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, leave a comment here and prepend it with. And, don't forget to sign your reply with. For broader editing help, please visit the Teahouse.

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Boleyn (talk) 17:27, 12 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Done. --Ajgorhoe (talk) 20:19, 12 February 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Uno (software) for deletion
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July 2022
Hello. Your recent edit appears to have added the name of a non-notable entity to a list that normally includes only notable entries. In general, a person, organization or product added to a list should have a pre-existing article before being added to most lists. If you wish to create such an article, please first confirm that the subject qualifies for a separate, stand-alone article according to Wikipedia's notability guideline. Thank you. MrOllie (talk) 19:28, 27 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Hello, in my opinion the stated argumentation for reverting this edit is flawed. I am explaining my opinion point by point, in relation to the above stated arguments. I do not see a reason to assume that Avalonia UI is a non-notable entity. E.g., majority of entries in the Section where the Avalonia entity was added have their public code repositories on GitHub. Quantitative indicators accessible on the these repositories' main pages like forks, stars, and watching suggest comparable notability than other entries in the Section. The two references that were included in my edit also state some facts that confirm the importance of the Avalonia framework for the .NET ecosystem (also relative to other entries in the Section), and I was about to add the third reference before my edit was reverted. Avalonia was one of very few production-capable UI frameworks available in the early times of .NET Core (later renamed to .NET). It still is one of the very few such .NET UI frameworks available on multiple OS (beside e.g. the Uno Platform and recently emerging MAUI). The guidelines link used in your argument refers to lists of people, which the article in question is not. The article in question is also not merely a list, but it also provides more general information about the subject (.NET libraries and frameworks), including some information specific to .NET. In this respect, list-like entries in subsequent sections also provide important information on the overall state and features of the .NET development ecosystem, and the article would be incomplete (and it is rather poorly complete, unfortunately) without stating the major items. In a similar way, for example, Mono-specific_innovations provide important information about Mono_(software) itself and the article on Mono would be very incomplete without stating this important information, although most (or all) individual items in the section don't have their own articles. Anyway, the link you have provided is concerned with lists of people, maybe this section would be more relevant. This section refers to this example, which, in my opinion, also indicates that the deleted edit is perfectly in line with the guidelines. I am restoring the deleted text, I hope my arguments are convincing enough. Ajgorhoe (talk) 18:16, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I am unconvinced. The fact remains, that is a list of entries with prexisting Wikipedia articles, and what you are adding has not got one. That some other article uses different criteria is immaterial. That one library or another has social media likes (or stars or what have you) is also immaterial. MrOllie (talk) 22:06, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Ajgorhoe


text:
Talk:Reuse of bottles

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Reference Broken
Reference #3 to the American Cancer Society is a broken link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Quixotism22 (talk • contribs) 18:50, 20 July 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅ - Stillwaterising (talk) 09:19, 18 September 2012 (UTC)

All types of bottles
This article is currently titled "Reuse of water bottles". This limitation is not realistic: it relates to the reuse of all types of bottles and contents. The title should read "Reuse of bottles". or even "Reuse of packages". Rlsheehan (talk) 14:32, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

This article should be removed
This article has no reliable sources, nor am I able to find any that I think could be considered WP:V after searching online. I think this article should be deleted, but I'm new to Wikipedia, so don't think I should start this procedure myself. Dm20 (talk) 14:19, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose: I watched the documentary Bag It (film) and it showed how in Europe, plastic bottles are collected, washed and refilled. The documentarian showed one bottle in Hamburg, Germany that had been marked as being reused 22 times! I searched, and I found this website called that is a starting point for finding much more information this topic.
 * Hopefully this can get the ball rolling on building this article up so this webpage should be growing soon. Then it could be suggested to possibly WP:Move this article to a more broader title, perhaps "Reuse of plastic bottles"? - Stillwaterising (talk) 08:39, 18 September 2012 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved to "Reuse of bottles". I think "beverage containers" is too fancy, and "bottles is sufficient. You can always revert the move or start a new request if you disagree. DrKiernan (talk) 16:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

Reuse of water bottles → Reuse of plastic bottles – I think that this article is already growing beyond the resuse of plastic water bottle controversy into an article about reusing platic bottles in general. I thought about the name Reuse of beverage containers however that would include glass bottles, which would overlap existing content and be overly-broad. Reuse of plastic containers may also be a consideration. Stillwaterising (talk) 21:05, 26 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Support beverage container reuse - Both in practice and as the title. ;) The lede pic is glass and I think other materials are also common in non-U.S. countries. Out of interest, why do we have a beverage can article but no beverage container or beverage bottle article? I might work on the container one tonight if ever. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 06:15, 27 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Outdated source from NZFSA
I found the article that several other articles referred to. Based on how long ago this article was written and the fact that it has now been removed from their website, I do not think this should be considered a source that meets WP:SCIRS: Stillwaterising (talk) 09:14, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Disguised advertising ?
It seems to me that this article is only made to promote water bottles industry, saying that it is dangerous for people to reuse bottles, and having lots of links pointing to it. To protect consumers, industry has to respect strict cleaning and sealing norms, which are not required for short-time domestic use. But this is common to all types of packaging of food and drink. Putting water into any type of bottle (including reusable ones like SIGG) may be considered as a type of "food preservation", nothing differs with water or plastic bottles, the main parameter is time. Moreover, sealed food and drink containers expose the consumer to other health risks if he doesn't clean thoroughly the exterior of the container before using it, especially when directly drinking with the container, or when food can touch part of the exterior. This is surely described elsewhere on Wikipedia. -- Zagadka (talk) 00:27, 10 August 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.83.189.130 (talk)

Parts of this article are lifted from an industry site. http://www.plasticsinfo.org/beveragebottles/apc_faqs.html#6 Tim (talk) 05:14, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

Possible WP:COPYVIO issues found
I ran the Duplication Detector between the current revision and the URL named above. The results are here. The tool found 4 sections of text that are copied from the site without quotations or attribution. I am not experienced in  how to deal with this issue and will be asking for help on how to deal with this. - Stillwaterising (talk)

I added Template:Copypaste to the header. This should get the article on the watchlist for assistance. - Stillwaterising (talk) 23:06, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

I went throught and added refs and quotes to all copy-pasted phrases. I went through history and found this diff that added the copy-paste content. The same user added a ref with correct source a few minutes later (here). . - Stillwaterising (talk) 00:18, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

title
This is now called Reuse of Bottles. A better title is Reusable Bottles. Pkgx (talk) 01:35, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

safety
Volvic water bottles advise against refilling, at least here in the UK. I refilled one anyway, and lived to scan the label from it (UPC number 3057640136993), if it's any use I can add it to the article? Mongoosander (talk) 02:25, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

Removed section on health-concerns
I leave a copy below, but I removed the whole section health concerns, because, uhm, it doesn't seem to be anything about reusable bottles in the first place. There's stuff about aluminium (without indication where aluminium is widely used for reusable bottles), bacterial concerns (which are irrelevant due to the cleaning process for industrially reused bottles), etc. As said, text below. Feel free to restore and discuss in detail if you think this was too bold. --denny vrandečić (talk) 20:58, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Bacterial concerns
Reusable bottles can hold bacteria. Drinking from a reusable bottle can transfer bacteria from a person's mouth to the beverage it contains, which can contaminate both bottle and water. Contamination can cause bacterial or fungal growth in the liquid while it's stored. It is recommend that users clean reusable drinking bottles thoroughly before each use. Users should take care to wash the bottle cap as well after each use for proper sanitation.

Some experts state that there's generally no harm in reusing your own drinking bottle, but the risk for ingesting harmful bacteria increases if you share your bottle with others. University of Nebraska Medical Center Microbiologist Pete Iwen, Ph.D., says, “If it’s my bottle, my germs, I probably would not be all that paranoid about reusing the bottle. The main issue occurs when sharing bottles. Microbes present in my mouth may be harmful to others.”

Chemical concerns
Plastic drinking bottles often contain the chemical Bisphenol A (BPA), which is made from polycarbonate and which shares resin identification code 7 with other plastics. Another chemical found in plastic drinking bottles is phthalate. Both of these chemicals are controversial because they are known endocrine disruptors, which can interfere with the body's hormonal system.

A study by the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) found that participants who drank from polycarbonate bottles – which is the plastic commonly used in disposable plastic water bottles, other plastic drinking bottles, and baby bottles – for just one week showed a two-thirds increase in their urine of the chemical BPA. Exposure to BPA has been shown to interfere with reproductive development in animals and has been linked with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in humans. The study is the first to show that drinking from polycarbonate bottles increased the level of urinary BPA, and thus suggests that drinking containers made with BPA release the chemical into the liquid they contain, which people then consume. The amount of BPA consumed as a result of drinking from plastic bottles was enough to increase the level of BPA excreted in the urine of the people who drank from those containers.

Several countries have banned the use of plastics containing BPA used for water and other food items. Leaching of phthalates from PVC (resin identification code 3) is also a concern, but PVC is no longer used for water bottles.

Another common material used to make reusable drinking bottles is aluminum. However, aluminum also has health safety concerns. A study by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health found that aluminum levels were over 20-times higher in the elderly than in middle aged people. The study cited a correlation between aluminum levels and “densities of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.” Furthermore, it found that lowering the amount of brain aluminum by using chelation was shown to slow the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. This is an argument in favor or lessening the amount of aluminum that the body is exposed to, hence making it a less favorable material for reusable drinking bottles.

Carcinogen misconception
A university student's master's thesis incorrectly suggested that repeatedly rewashing plastic water bottles can lead to the leaking diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) into the drinking water, and can be detrimental to human health. The results of this research were repeated by various sources and also became a chain email, later declared to be a hoax.

The American Cancer Society and Cancer Research UK have stated that DEHA is not present in plastic water bottles; even if it were, it is not a known carcinogen.

title: Talk:Reuse of bottles


text:
Talk:Freydís Eiríksdóttir

}

Untitled
this page is not historically correct, because my family is descended from ericsson and we have kept his journals, for 1000 years, you people really need to get the facts straight
 * This comment should be taken with a reasonably large grain of salt, as the same person added the comment "my grandma is leif ericsson's uncle".Simen 88 18:58, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Concerning right naming
It is most likely, that the husband to Freydís was named Þorvarður, but not Ehemann, hence this means husband in german, and it is not an icelandic name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Psilo (talk • contribs)

merge
Agree the article Freydis Eiriksdottir is not wikified at all, and simply copied from a personal website. The article with the diacritics should be the base of the merged article. --Shuki 22:26, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Made Freydis Eiriksdottir a redirect to this article. Added the source website for the merged article into this article under "External links". Accurizer 22:53, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Reference needed
According to the Icelandic account, Freydis was married to Þorfinnur Karlsefni Þórðarson. Well, I can not find or confirm this anywhere else, both Eirik Raudes saga and Grønlendingenes saga agrees that Frøydis was married to man called Torvard while Torfinn Karlsevne was married to Gudrid, widow after Torstein Eiriksson. There might be that some other Icelandic sources that claim that Torfinn was married to Frøydis that I don't know about, questions are: which ones? --FinnBjork 13:30, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Here is a very good source on her and she was not so glorious but rather a cold blooded lying murderer who hid behind her brother. https://www.bartleby.com/43/1.html 49.206.9.128 (talk) 15:24, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

Reference needed
Where, and in which source, is it stated that she was a viking? I believe she was not. In no document before 1903 is a woman mentioned as viking.

Dan Koehl 09:10, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

There is lots of proof that she was viking. Do your research. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.156.75.218 (talk) 01:32, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

Haukurth's edits
Ok, so you're saying that I can't use a reference to portray what that reference entitles? That is non-sense, my friend. I have the right to put my reference, and detail what that reference portrays. I was wrong in fabricating with the account translation, and I will not do that again.

As for my reference, I'm afraid it stands because it enlightens the article with more facts about the battle. You see, stating an example, whether it be in the form of an author's opinion or a quote from his book, entitles me to utilize it's portrayal by which the article implies. In this case, the article implies Freydis and her voyage to Newfoundland. The article also portrays a 'battle' with which examples must be made. The example in this account, is, the example of how an arrow can bypass the skin and injure a person's vital organs.InternetHero 03:57, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Your addition is just redundant and detracts from the article. Can a group of warriors kill a single woman? Yes, of course, whether they are "excellent marksmen" or not. The "she portrayed her boundless courage in this encounter" part is just unnecessary flowery prose which adds nothing. As for Canadian History for Dummies I'm afraid it isn't catalogued in any library where I live so I'm unable to look up what page 36 says of Freydís. Perhaps you would be kind enough to quote the relevant part? Haukur 09:56, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I undid the InternetHero's last change for the following reasons. The direct quote mentions Skrælingjar so we should link to the word and it seems neat to do it outside of the quote. I understand that the author of the Canadian History for Dummies didn't want to quote the full text but we are in a good position to do it. The text is not long and it is not difficult to understand. Finally, we should not fiddle with the direct quote even if we don't like what it says.
 * Now, since the only two accounts of her life are so contradictory it would seem to make sense to discuss the accuracy of the accounts. The current version does so briefly in the lead. Do we need to say anything more? If we want to say anything more we need to do so based on reliable sources. The only option seems to be to quote the opinions of some respected scholars and this would have to be a balanced account. This text written by a professor of history at the University of Iceland contains a neat paragraph summarising the situation. Roughly it says that Eiríks saga rauða used to be considered more accurate, then professor Jón Jóhannesson argued that Grœnlendinga saga was the more accurate one but the most recent work of Ólafur Halldórsson concluded that neither could be considered more accurate than the other. They were roughly the same age and both were based on (different) hearsay. I'm not sure these details are really relevant to this article, the lead seems to summarise the situation pretty well. Stefán 18:02, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Yes, you're absolutely right. I wasn't following the Wiki rules probably either. I put in a note on the encounter, not to assert my position, but rather improve the quality of the article. I hope that it suffices. As the 'Norse colonization of the Americas' article, I shall not keep in mind the thought that it should be used as a note, but rather the notion that it be used as an external link later in the future. InternetHero 03:48, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The latest point of conflict here seems to be whether we should give more context for the battle. Wikipedia rules don't allow us to copy text directly from a copyrighted work such as this (unless we can claim fair use which does not apply here). We can quote sections of an uncopyrighted work such as the original source. The relevant material is in Chapter 12. Haukur's version contains a quote from the third and part of the fourth paragraph in this Chapter, but InternetHero wants to give the background which is discussed in the first two paragraphs of Chapter 12 and also a little bit in Chapter 11. It is probably too much to quote two whole chapters from the story but if there is some background material from these two chapters which is important then we can add that (or paraphrase it if it is too long). Internethero, can you look over these chapters of the original source and see if you would like to use it. Stefán 18:31, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

I didn't re-write the translation in any way. Giving information IS what Wikipedia is about. Freydis would not be remembered if she didn't make herself know IN the battle. I am merely giving information about the battle. I am trying to contribute to the paragraph (or shall I make al my paragraph a few sentences from now on?) and it is not a mere matter of the natives respecting Freydis anymore - indeed you have changed the paragraph to words much more suitable. As Stefan has explained, I cannot re-write the translation in any way, and I won't. I came across this article yesterday as a person who was trying to explain why the vikings withdrew.

I don't see what the problem is. I have written it in my own words, without simply copying and pasting, and I plan to do it to all my articles. As for copyright infringement, you have neglected to hear my reason yet agtain, so here it is again. Please read the site tab 'non-commercial use'. I knew you didn't read the proclaimer/disclaimer. I hope that since we're both people who want to improve literature in our region, we can work together. InternetHero 22:44, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Every time you edit a page on Wikipedia you will see this text in big bold letters: "Do not copy text from other websites without a GFDL-compatible license. It will be deleted." A licence for non-commercial use is not sufficient for GFDL-compatibility. Haukur 23:00, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The section we are arguing about now is describing the story as it appears in Eiríks saga rauða. We have (a translation of) the original source. The text is quite short, as I said above, it is in Chapters 11 and 12. We don't need to use material from anywhere else to summarise the story. Which parts of the story as described in these chapters do you think are important with respect to the character Freydís Eiríksdóttir as she appears in this story? Stefán 23:25, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

The above shall be done from now on. My additions are important because it gives an explanation of the category holder which is the Viking's withdrawal. Deleting my work on Norse colonization of the Americas is absolutely the last straw. I have made all the efforts to give references and now have agreed to build upon the original work. As for copyright infringent. That is non-sense. I have written to the National archives of Canada several times already and plan to give proper Verifiability claims.

I have read both the article and the  article. From what I can comprehend, I see nothing wrong with both violations of copyright, and verifiability.

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 * The licence has to be GFDL-compatible. This one isn't. And you don't have to take me word for it, you can ask over at, say, WP:AN or anywhere really. Haukur 01:04, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

If that's not a licence, then there's no such thing. 208.96.111.229 03:56, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:50, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Freydis' Birth Year
The Article reports that Freydis was born around the year 950. However this is impossible because her father, Eirik the Red, was also born around that time. Further, the first Vinland voyage was in either 1000 or 1001, making Freydis a most unlikely 50 year old at that time. I have therefore substituted the year 970 as a more realistic date.

206.45.254.27 (talk) 00:20, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

contradictions
On Vinland the story is told somewhat different and contradicting. Please doublecheck here and there. Would be nice if everybody stuck to what really is in the Saga and not to recall any exaggerations by other authors or interpretations. 47.71.46.26 (talk) 08:27, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Freydís Eiríksdóttir


text:
ENU

ENU, also known as N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (chemical formula C3H7N3O2), is a highly potent mutagen. For a given gene in mice, ENU can induce 1 new mutation in every 700 loci. It is also toxic at high doses.

The chemical is an alkylating agent, and acts by transferring the ethyl group of ENU to nucleobases (usually thymine) in nucleic acids. Its main targets are the spermatogonial stem cells, from which mature sperm are derived.

Background of discovery of ENU as a mutagen
Bill Russell (1951) created a landmark in the field of mouse genetics by creating a specifically designed mouse strain, the T (test) stock that was used in genetic screens for testing mutagens such as radiations and chemicals. The T-stock mouse harbors 7 recessive, viable mutations affecting easily recognizable traits. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Russell's initial goal was to determine the rate of inheritable gene mutations in the germ line induced by radiations. Thus he decided to use T-stock mice in order to define how often a set of loci could be mutated with radiations. Since the mutations in the T-stock mouse were recessive, the progeny would have a wild type phenotype (as a result of crossing a mutant [e.g.s/s mutant male] to a wild type female [+/+]). Thus with any progeny carrying a mutation induced by radiation at one of the 7 loci, would exhibit the mutant phenotype in the first generation itself. This approach, the specific locus test (SLT) allowed Russell to study a wide range of specific mutations and to calculate the mutation rates induced by radiations.

In addition to studying the effect of radiation for SLT, Russell et al. were also interested in studying the effect of chemical mutagens such as procarbazine and ethylnitrosourea for SLT. At that time, procarbazine was the most potent chemical mutagen known to cause a significant spermatogonial mutagenesis in an SLT, although at a rate one-third of that of X-rays. Russell's earlier mutagenesis work on Drosophila using diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) triggered them to use DEN for the SLT. However, DEN needs to be enzymatically converted into an alkylating agent in order to be mutagenic and probably this enzymatic activation was not sufficient in mammals. This could be illustrated by the extremely low mutation rate in mice given by DEN (3 in 60,179 offspring). To overcome this problem, a new mutagen, N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU), an alkylating agent, which does not need to be metabolised, was suggested to be used by Ekkehart Vegel to Russell et al. The ENU (250 mg/kg) induced mice underwent a period of sterility for 10 weeks. After recovery, 90 males were crossed to the T-stock females and 7584 pups were obtained. Their results showed that a dose of 250 mg/kg of ENU was capable of producing a mutation rate 5 times higher than that obtained with 600R (1R = 2.6 x10^-4 coulombs/kg) of acute X-irradiation. This rate was also 15 times higher to that obtained with procarbazine (600 mg/kg).

To overcome the problem of initial period of sterility, the Russell group showed that instead of injecting one large dose of ENU, a fractionated dose (100 mg/kg) on a weekly schedule permitted a total higher dose (300–400 mg/kg) to be tolerated. This further showed that the mutation frequency improved to be 12 times that of X-rays, 36 times that of procarbazine and over 200 times that of spontaneous mutations. When the mutation rate was averaged across all 7 loci, ENU was found to induce mutations at a frequency of one per locus in every 700 gametes.

Summary of properties and advantages of ENU mutagenesis

 * 1) ENU is an alkylating agent and has preference for A->T base transversions and also for AT->GC transitions. However it is also shown to cause GC->AT transitions.
 * 2) It is known to induce point mutations, which implies that by mapping for the desired phenotype, the researcher can identify a single candidate gene responsible for the phenotype.
 * 3) The point mutations are at approximately 1-2 Mb (Mega-base-pair) interval and occur at an approximate rate of 1 per 700 gametes.
 * 4) ENU targets spermatogonial stem cells.

ENU - A genetic tool in mutagenesis screens: Overview
Ever since the discovery of ENU as the most potent mutagen by Russell et al. it has been used in forward (phenotype based) genetic screens with which one can identify and study a phenotype of interest. As illustrated in Figure 1, the screening process begins with mutagenising a male mouse with ENU. This is followed by systematic phenotypic analysis of the progeny. The progeny are assessed for behavioral, physiological or dysmorphological changes. The abnormal phenotype is identified. Identification of the candidate gene is then achieved by positional cloning of the mutant mice with the phenotype of interest.

Types of screens
ENU is used as a genetic tool by designing a variety of genetic screens suitable to the researchers' interests. Depending on the region being assessed, forward genetic screens can be classified as illustrated in Figure 2 as:
 * 1) Region Specific screens: Studies are designed specifically to obtain a gradient of phenotypes by generating an allelic series which are helpful in studying the region of interest.
 * 2) Genome-wide screens: These are simple dominant or recessive screens and are often useful in understanding specific genetic and biochemical pathways.

Region-specific screens
Region specific can be classified as follows:

Non-complementation screens
Complementation is the phenomenon which enables generation of the wild type phenotype when organisms carrying recessive mutations in different genes are crossed. Thus if an organism has one functional copy of the gene, then this functional copy is capable of complementing the mutated or the lost copy of the gene. In contrast, if both the copies of the gene are mutated or lost, then this will lead to allelic non-complementation (Figure 3) and thus manifestation of the phenotype.

The phenomenon of redundancy explains that often multiple genes are able to compensate for the loss of a particular gene. However, if two or more genes involved in the same biological processes or pathways are lost, then this leads to non-allelic non-complementation. In a non-complementation screen, an ENU-induced male is crossed with a female carrying a mutant allele (a) of the gene of interest (A). If the mutation is dominant, then it will be present in every generation. However, if the mutation is recessive or if the G1 progeny are non-viable, then a different strategy is used to identify the mutation. An ENU-treated male is crossed with a wild type female. From the pool of G1 individuals, a heterozygous male is crossed to a female carrying the mutant allele (a). If the G2 progeny are infertile or non-viable, they can be recovered again from the G1 male.

Deletion screens
Deletions on chromosomes can be spontaneous or induced. In this screen, ENU-treated males are crossed to females homozygous for a deletion of the region of interest. The G1 progeny are compound heterozygotes for the ENU-induced mutation (Figure 4). Also, they are haploid with respect to the genes in the deleted region and thus loss-of-function or gain-of-function due to the ENU-induced mutation is expressed dominantly. Thus deletion screens have an advantage over other recessive screens due to the identification of the mutation in the G1 progeny itself.

Rinchik et al. performed a deletion screen and complementation analysis and were able to isolate 11 independent recessive loci, which were grouped into seven complementation groups on chromosome 7, a region surrounding the albino (Tyr) gene and the pink-eyed dilution (p) gene.
 * c. Balancer screens

A chromosome carrying a balancer region is termed as a balancer chromosome. A balancer is a region which prevents recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This is possible due to the presence of an inverted region or a series of inversions. Balancer chromosome was primarily used for studies in Drosophila melanogaster genetics. Monica Justice et al. (2009) efficiently carried out a balancer screen using a balancer chromosome constructed by Allan Bradley et al. on mouse chromosome 11. In this screen, an ENU-induced male is crossed with a female heterozygous for the balancer chromosome. The mice carrying the balancer chromosome have yellow ears and tail. The G1 heterozygotes are (Figure 5) are crossed to females carrying the rex mutation (Rex in figure 5), which confers a curly coat. In G2, homozygotes for the balancer are non-viable and are not recovered. Mice carrying the rex mutation trans to the balancer or ENU-induced mutation have a curly coat and are discarded. The ENU mutant + rex mutant mice are discarded in order to prevent recombination between those two chromosomes during the next breeding step, which is generating homozygous mutants. Mice that are compound heterozygotes for the balancer and the ENU-induced mutation are brother-sister mated to obtain homozygotes for the ENU-induced mutation in G3.

Genome-wide screens
Genome-wide screens are most often useful for studying genetic diseases in which multiple genetic and biochemical pathways may be involved. Thus with this approach, candidate genes or regions across the genome, that are associated with the phenotype can be identified. These screens can be designed to identify simple dominant and recessive phenotypes. (Figure 6). Thus an ENU-induced G0 male is crossed with a wild type female. The G 1 progeny can be screened to identify dominant mutations. However, if the mutation is recessive, then G3 individuals homozygous for the mutation can be recovered from the G1 males in two ways: A number of organizations around the world are performing genome-wide mutagenesis screens using ENU. Some of them include the Institute of Experimental Genetics at the German Research Center for Environmental Health (GSF), Munich, Germany; The Jackson Laboratory, Maine, USA; the Australian Phenomics Facility at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; the Department of Neurobiology and Physiology at Northwestern University, Illinois, USA; the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA; the Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; the Department of Genetics at The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA; the Mouse Mutagenesis Center for Developmental Defects at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; and others. A modifier such as an enhancer or suppressor can alter the function of a gene. In a modifier screen, an organism with a pre-existing phenotype is selected. Thus, any mutations caused by the mutagen (ENU) can be assessed for their enhancive or suppressive activity. Screening for dominant and recessive mutations is performed in a way similar to the conventional genome-wide screen (Figure 7). A number of modifier screens have been performed on Drosophila. Recently, Aliga et al. performed a dominant modifier screen using ENU-induced mice to identify modifiers of the Notch signaling pathway. Delta 1 is a ligand for the Notch receptor. A homozygous loss-of-function of Delta 1 (Dll1lacZ/lacZ) is embryonically lethal. ENU-treated mice were crossed to Dll1lacZ heterozygotes. 35 mutant lines were generated in G1 of which 7 revealed modifiers of the Notch signaling pathway.
 * a. Conventional screens
 * A] The G1 male is crossed with a wild type female to generate a pool of G2 progeny. The G3 individuals can be obtained by crossing the G1 male to the G2 daughters. This will yield a proportion of the G3 individuals which resemble the G1 male to a large extent.
 * B] G1 male is crossed to a wild type female to obtain a pool of G2 animals., which are then brother-sister mated to obtain the G3 progenies. This approach yields a variety of mutants in the G3 progeny.
 * b. Modifier screens

Sensitized screens
In the case of genetic diseases involving multiple genes, mutations in multiple genes contributes to the progression of a disease. Mutation in just one of these genes however, might not contribute significantly to any phenotype. Such "predisposing genes" can be identified using sensitized screens. In this type of a screen, the genetic or environmental background is modified so as to sensitize the mouse to these changes. The idea is that the predisposing genes can be unraveled on a modified genetic or environmental background. Rinchik et al. performed a sensitized screen of mouse mutants predisposed to Diabetic nephropathy. Mice were treated with ENU on a sensitized background of type-1 diabetes. These diabetic mice had a dominant Akita mutation in the insulin-2 gene (Ins2Akita). These mice developed albuminuria, a phenotype that was not observed in the non-diabetic offsprings.

Stability
Generally speaking, ENU is fairly unstable, which makes it easier to inactivate when used as an experimental mutagen, compared to moderately more stable mutagens like EMS. Pure crystalline ENU is sensitive to light and moisture, so should be stored at in cold and dry conditions, and freshly prepared into solutions when needed. In aqueous solutions, ENU rapidly degrades at a basic pH, and protocols call for inactivation of ENU solutions with an equal volume of 0.1M KOH for 24 hours, with or without ambient light exposure to supplement inactivation.

title: ENU