text:
Keith Rowe

Keith Rowe (born 16 March 1940 in Plymouth, England) is an English free improvisation tabletop guitarist and painter. Rowe is a founding member of both AMM in the mid-1960s and M.I.M.E.O. Having trained as a visual artist, his paintings have appeared on most of his albums. He is seen as a godfather of EAI (electroacoustic improvisation), with many of his recordings having been released by Erstwhile.

Biography
Rowe began his career playing jazz in the early 1960s with Mike Westbrook and Lou Gare. His early influences were guitarists Wes Montgomery, Charlie Christian, and Barney Kessel. But he grew tired of what he considered the genre's limitations. He began experimenting. An important step was a New Year's resolution to stop tuning his guitar—much to Westbrook's displeasure. He began playing free jazz and free improvisation, abandoning conventional guitar technique. He was featured in 'Crossing Bridges', a 1985 music programme based around jazz guitar improvisation, and broadcast by Channel 4

His change was partially inspired by a teacher in a painting class who told him, "Rowe, you cannot paint a Caravaggio. Only Caravaggio can paint Caravaggio." Rowe said that after considering this idea from a musical perspective, "trying to play guitar like Jim Hall seemed quite wrong." For several years he contemplated how to reinvent his approach to the guitar, again finding inspiration in visual art, specifically American painter Jackson Pollock, who abandoned traditional painting methods to forge his style. "How could I abandon the technique? Lay the guitar flat!"

Rowe developed prepared guitar techniques: placing the guitar flat on a table and manipulating the strings, body, and pick-ups in unorthodox ways. He has used needles, electric motors, violin bows, iron bars, a library card, rubber eraser, springs, hand-held electric fans, alligator clips, and common office supplies in playing the guitar. Rowe sometimes incorporates live radio broadcasts into his performances, including shortwave radio and number stations (the guitar's pick-ups will also pick up radio signals, and broadcast them through the amplifier).

Percussionist Eddie Prévost of AMM said Rowe finds radio broadcasts which seem to blend ideally with, or offer startling commentary on, the music. (Prévost, 18). On AMMMusic, towards the end of the cacophonous "Ailantus Glandolusa", a speaker announces via radio that "We cannot preserve the normal music." Prevost writes that during an AMM performance in Istanbul, Rowe located and integrated a radio broadcast of "the pious intonation of a male Turkish voice. AMM of course, had absolutely no idea what the material was. Later, it was complimented upon the judicious way that verses from The Koran had been introduced into the performance, and the respectful way they had been treated!"

In reviewing World Turned Upside Down, critic Dan Hill writes, "Rowe has tuned his shortwave radio to some dramatically exotic gameshow and human voices spatter the mix, though at such low volume, they're unintelligible and abstracted. Rowe never overplays this device, a clear temptation with such a seductive technology – the awesome possibility of sonically reaching out across a world of voices requires experienced hands to avoid simple but ultimately short-term pleasure. This he does masterfully, mixing in random operatics and chance encounters with talk show hosts to anchor the sound in humanity, amidst the abstraction."

Rowe has worked with Oren Ambarchi, Burkhard Beins, Cornelius Cardew, Christian Fennesz, Kurt Liedwart, Jeffrey Morgan, Toshimaru Nakamura, Evan Parker, Michael Pisaro, Peter Rehberg, Sachiko M, Howard Skempton, Taku Sugimoto, David Sylvian, John Tilbury, Christian Wolff, and Otomo Yoshihide.

In 2008 at Tate Modern, London, Rowe performed a live collaborative work The Room with film makers, Jarman award winner Luke Fowler, and Peter Todd as a part of the programme accompanying the major retrospective of the painter Mark Rothko. The Room featured films by Fowler and Todd and live guitar improvisation by Rowe with subsequent iterations being presented in France and Spain and the Netmage festival in Bologna Italy. The Room is also the title of a work by Rowe issued on CD in 2007 followed by The Room Extended in 2016 on a four CD set both from erstwhile records.

title: Keith Rowe


text:
Talk:Ford Mustang

Split "Racing" into new list-type article
There's easily enough info here for it to be its own article, and it's written with the prose of a list versus that of a proper article. I think it'd be nice to move this material into its own article called something like "List of Ford Mustang racing victories" (or "racing titles"). If moved, there should at least be paragraph or two in this article to give an overview of the racing history with a "See also" tag in it. --Xiaphias (talk) 21:08, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * There does not appear to be any support for this. I cannot see a reason per WP:Split to split this article at this time. Op47 (talk) 21:33, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Mustang (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. Dicklyon (talk) 18:23, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

In particular, trying to go to the Mustang disambiguation page now takes one straight to the Mustang (horse) article; that is, the horse editors have claimed that their article is primarytopic, at a discussion that was not advertised to editors of the various car, airplane, and city articles affected, and was also not advertised as WP:RM as is standard. This notice is an attempt to get wider participation from editors of affected articles, but so far it has not. Dicklyon (talk) 18:25, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

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ubl vs br
and myself have a difference of opinion over whether or   is better. Can others chime in on which they prefer:
 * designer      = John Najjar

Philip T. Clark

Joe Oros
 * class         = Pony car

Muscle car vs Both render the same to readers. I prefer the ubl version because it clearly puts one item per line, making it much easier for editors to see the individual items. Whereas the br version packs it all in tightly, making it hard to see where the division are or even to see how many items are even there. Also, (a synonym of ubl) is already used in the article just below where I inserted ubl.  Stepho  talk 13:57, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * designer      = John Najjar Philip T. Clark Joe Oros
 * class         = Pony car Muscle car

 * You can add a break after the  so it would show as a seperate line in edit mode however for convenience most leave it as for instance UK USA ,
 * The br code is common on most articles and is more easy for editors to understand I guess,
 * That being said if consensus is to use the templated version than I won't object,
 * Thanks, – Davey 2010 Talk 14:07, 26 August 2017 (UTC)

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Ford Mustang Estate Wagon
In Amsterdam The Netherlands, they produced the Mustang Estate wagon, working on a Amsterdam Ford wiki items now, what can we say here, the Estate Wagon is missing now, in the 1968 model sold till 1975? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A452:7D4C:1:7C34:E37A:1C41:CF72 (talk) 07:50, 12 May 2018 (UTC)
 * That was a one-off prototype. See http://www.mustangandfords.com/featured-vehicles/1605-the-saga-of-1965-mustang-wagon/ and http://www.amcarguide.com/muscle-cars/mustang-sedan-and-station-wagon-myth-busted-or-not/ . You would need proof that it was made in real numbers and whether it was a factory offering or an aftermarket conversion.  Stepho  talk 19:40, 12 May 2018 (UTC)

Year change if possible to 1964.5
The 1964 mustang was referred to 1964 and a half because of what time of year it came out. Loganscoggins420 (talk) 10:08, 27 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Mustangs that are often referred to as 1964½ were all registered as 1965 model year vehicles (note: the 1965 model can be any range of dates that includes Jan 1, 1965). The Ford Mustang section details this. The article has done the correct thing.  Stepho  talk 08:37, 28 March 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:44, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ford Mustang GT Bleu 5.0-litre V8 - Free Car Picture - Give Credit Via Link (cropped).jpg

Not to be confused with gas powered SUV of the same name and Ford Mustang Mach-E electric crossover vehicle
There's merit to because it's a completely separate vehicle. An alternative would be to put a several inch description of equal size to the pony car, which I wouldn't think is appropriate.

About 15 years ago, there was a SUV sold in the UK called the Ford Mustang. It looked like the Escape but I'm not sure what the model was called in the United States. Charliestalnaker (talk) 16:14, 7 August 2021 (UTC)

 * You might be thinking of the Ford Maverick. Andra Febrian (talk) 17:01, 7 August 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 August 2022
S650 reveal in September 14. 88.236.155.36 (talk) 13:20, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 14:48, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Mach-E is unrelated... and yet has a section on this article
Hello! I noticed at the top of the article, it says "For unrelated battery-powered crossover see Ford Mustang Mach-E"... however the keyword here is "Unrelated". If it were actually unrelated then why would it have a section on this article? I don't get it. This article is about the Ford Mustang. The Mach-E is supposedly unrelated and yet it has a section dedicated to it on this article that even says it's unrelated. So could I get an explanation as to why it's even included? ― Blaze WolfTalkBlaze Wolf#6545 18:47, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Ford advertises it with the word "Mustang" - so people go looking for "Ford Mustang" on Wikipedia - so we need to deal with people looking for Mach-E information here. Just a fact of life.  Stepho  talk 23:28, 6 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Well yes I Get that, I'm not saying get rid of the hat note. If they're looking for the Mach-E they'll see that hatnote and (Hopefully) go to the Mach-E page. ― Blaze WolfTalkBlaze Wolf#6545 00:01, 7 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 May 2023
The mustang 6th generation needs to be changed to 2015-2023 as its officially ended production Dinobrewster2 (talk) 23:09, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: None of the other section titles have their end dates in them. –– Formal Dude   (talk)  01:35, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 April 2024
2A02:C7C:5676:8D00:C8F1:3CD4:92AD:B39B (talk) 16:48, 3 April 2024 (UTC) the main picture of the car is from 2018, not 2017
 * ✅ This seems to have been a typo, the Wikimedia description says 2018. Jamedeus (talk) 16:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

 * thank you, Happy 60th Birthday Ford Mustang! 2A02:C7C:5676:8D00:B170:104D:1B2B:5FA9 (talk) 17:40, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

First turbo mustang -error-
the first turbo charged 2.3L Mustang is 1979...not 1984 as stated on page. Which makes it pre- SVO Mustang. 2603:8001:2A00:70BC:3C42:80A8:4E7:9A41 (talk) 05:03, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ford Mustang


text:
Edward Dudley

Edward Dudley may refer to:
 * Edward Bishop Dudley (1789–1855), U.S. politician
 * Edward R. Dudley (state legislator), politician who served in the North Carolina House of Representatives for Craven County in 1870 and 1872
 * Edward Richard Dudley (1911–2005), U.S. ambassador
 * Ed Dudley (1901–1963), American golfer
 * Ed Dudley (baseball) (fl. 1920s–1930s), American baseball player
 * Edward Dudley (librarian) (1919–2010), English librarian

title: Edward Dudley


text:
John Motley Morehead II

John Motley Morehead II (July 20, 1866 – December 13, 1923) was a North Carolina politician who served one term (1909–1911) in the United States House of Representatives. He was appointed Chair of the North Carolina Republican Party on August 17, 1910 and served until 1916.

title: John Motley Morehead II


text:
John Morehead

John Morehead is the name of:

 * John H. Morehead (1861–1942), Governor of Nebraska
 * John Motley Morehead (1796–1866), Governor of North Carolina
 * John Motley Morehead II (1866–1923), U.S. Representative from North Carolina
 * John Motley Morehead III (1870–1965), chemist, U.S. ambassador to Sweden, and noted philanthropist

title: John Morehead


text:
Aggie Bonfire

The Aggie Bonfire was a long-standing annual tradition at Texas A&M University as part of the college rivalry with the University of Texas at Austin. For 90 years, Texas A&M students—known as Aggies—built a bonfire on campus each autumn, known to the Aggie community simply as "Bonfire". The event symbolized Aggie students' "burning desire to beat the hell outta t.u.", a derogatory nickname for the University of Texas.

The bonfire was traditionally lit around Thanksgiving in conjunction with festivities surrounding the annual football game. Early bonfires were little more than piles of trash, but the event gradually became more organized and eventually grew to an immense size, setting the world record in 1969. In 1999, the Bonfire collapsed during construction, killing 12 students, one former student and injuring 27 others. The accident led Texas A&M to declare a hiatus on an official Bonfire. However, since 2002, a student-sponsored coalition has constructed an annual unsanctioned, off-campus "Student Bonfire" in the spirit of its predecessor.

Early years
The students of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, known as Aggies, burned their first bonfire on November 18, 1907, to congratulate the football team on a recent win. The first on-campus Aggie Bonfire, a heap of trash and debris, was burned in 1909 to generate enthusiasm for a variety of sporting events. A decade later, the focus of the event narrowed to the annual rivalry game between Texas A&M and the University of Texas, held near Thanksgiving Day. Little information was recorded about the early Bonfires; the 1921 Texas A&M yearbook mentioned the "final rally" of the students before the game against Texas, but did not refer to a bonfire. Six years later, the school yearbook published a photograph of the event.

Freshmen were expected to build the early Bonfires to help prove their worth. For almost two decades, the students constructed Bonfire from debris and wood acquired through various, sometimes illicit, means, including appropriating lumber intended for a dormitory in 1912. In 1935, a farmer reported that students carried off his entire barn as fuel for Bonfire. To prevent future incidents, the university made Bonfire a school-sanctioned event. The following year, for the first time, the school provided axes, saws, and trucks for the students and pointed them toward a grove of dead trees on the edge of town.

During the 1940s, the school paper described Bonfire as "the greatest event of the football season". The 1947 Corps handbook stated that "bonfire symbolizes two things: a burning desire to beat the team from the University of Texas, and the undying flame of love that every loyal Aggie carries in his heart for the school"; this was often shortened to "the burning desire to beat the hell out of t.u." The Bonfire design changed in 1942. Universal Studios, filming the movie We've Never Been Licked on the Texas A&M Campus, built a bonfire as a prop for the movie. Their structure used a design similar to a teepee, where all the logs rested against each other in a conical shape. The logs were placed at an angle between 23 and 30 degrees, giving it "a tremendous vertical and horizontal resistance". This allowed Bonfire to grow from 25 ft tall to over 50 ft tall. Subsequent Aggies adopted the new idea, and the teepee design became standard for Bonfires for the next twenty-five years.

Beginning in 1952, the bonfires were constructed entirely from fresh-cut logs. The event suffered its first fatality in 1955, when a student was struck by a swerving car. For unrelated reasons, that same year the Bonfire was moved from Simpson Drill Field in front of the Memorial Student Center to Duncan Field, near the dorms of the Corps of Cadets (whose leaders oversaw construction). In 1957, the structure collapsed two days before Bonfire was to be held, but students worked around-the-clock to rebuild it, and the bonfire burned as scheduled.

During this period, University of Texas students attempted several stunts, trying to light the stack early, but to no avail. In both 1933 and 1948, students from UT rented an airplane and tried to drop fire bombs onto the stack. In one of these instances, the plane ran low on fuel, and was forced to land at Easterwood Airport in College Station—the wooden portions of the plane found themselves part of Bonfire that year. In 1956, there was an unsuccessful attempt to plant explosives at the Bonfire site, and, in the late 1970s, a College Station police officer was fired after trying to ignite the bonfire several days ahead of schedule. Students spotted the officer before he could succeed and chased him across campus. In 1999, a Longhorn fan hired someone to build a six-foot model airplane designed to carry a bomb into the wood stack to ignite it prematurely. "He was actually in the process of building that plane when they had the tragedy at bonfire", Mel Stekoll said. "At that point, we scrapped the plan. It would have been the next year that we planned to try it."

Organizational change and expansion
In 1965, membership in the Corps of Cadets became voluntary for students at Texas A&M. Before, Corps leaders directed construction of Bonfire. However, because the Corps had no authority over the "non-regs", or civilian students, a separate Bonfire leadership structure was instituted. The new leaders were designated with colored hard hats, or pots, with the overall leaders known as redpots.

The first Bonfire built with both Corps and non-reg participation was in 1963. The stack was scheduled to burn only days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Out of respect, the students dismantled the stack. As Head Yell Leader Mike Marlowe explained, "It is the most we have and the least we can give."

In the following years the structure became more elaborate, and in 1967 the flames could be seen 25 mi away. In 1969, the stack of logs set the world record for the height of a bonfire at 109 ft tall. Out of concern for the safety of participants and the community, the university limited the size to 55 ft tall and 45 ft in diameter. As an added precaution, nearby campus buildings were equipped with rooftop sprinkler systems. Despite the new height restrictions, in the 1970s, the Guinness Book of Records listed Aggie Bonfire as the largest bonfire in the world.

Design change
In 1978, Bonfire shifted from its previous teepee design to a wedding cake style, in which upper stacks of logs were wedged on top of lower stacks. The structure was built around a fortified center pole, made from two telephone poles spliced together by cutting matching notches, approximately 10 ft long, and with 5 gal of glue. Four steel plates were bolted to the two poles, and a 3/8 in cable wrapped around the joint and secured to the pole with steel staples. Four perimeter poles were placed 150 ft away and ropes were stretched between the perimeter poles to center poles and tension placed on them to hold the center pole together. After the center pole was erected, logs were placed vertically around it in a multi-tiered wedding cake design composed of thousands of logs. By 1984, the logs were sloping only 14 degrees. The spiral arrangement of the logs was designed to make Bonfire collapse into itself in a twisting motion, thus protecting spectators. Although the tradition stated that if Bonfire burned through midnight then A&M would win the following day's football game, the introduction of the wedding cake design drastically reduced the time it took for Bonfire to fall, sometimes burning for only 30 or 45 minutes.

Despite the complexity of the design, there were no formal written instructions or architectural blueprints for the construction of Bonfire. Knowledge on how to build the structure was passed verbally from one redpot to the next. By 1999, the only written documentation on the building of Bonfire was the rough schematic printed on the back of the official Bonfire T-shirt worn by participants from the freshman honors dormitory, Lechner.

While the Bonfires of the 1960s were constructed in five to ten days, working primarily in daylight, by the late 1970s, changes in the school led to a more elaborate and lengthy construction schedule. Construction began in late October with "Cut", obtaining wood by cutting down trees with axes, which took several weekends. After Cut, students brought the logs to campus during "Load", a process by which the logs were loaded by hand onto flatbed trucks and brought to campus. In early November, crews began "Stack", a three-week period in which the logs were wired together and Bonfire took shape. Near the end of stack, known as "Push", students worked around the clock in rotating shifts. The first four of the six stacks were built with the efforts of all safety-trained participants. The day before Bonfire was scheduled to burn, junior redpots would build the fifth stack, and then senior redpots would build the sixth.

During Cut, all logs were felled by hand, with students working in teams to chop down each tree with their axes. The manual labor ensured that participants were invested in each log that went into the Bonfire. Once the trees had fallen, brownpots, the "executive lumberjacks", used chainsaws to cut limbs and prepare the logs.

To ensure safety during the Stack period, the organizers maintained a perimeter around the working area, and allowed only safety-trained students through. Cranes, donated by local construction companies, assisted in getting logs onto the upper tiers, and volunteers from those companies were on-hand at all times to offer advice. Emergency medical technicians were also required to be on site at all times and no more than 70 students at a time were allowed on the stack. Once the stack was finished, a burnt-orange outhouse with "t.u frat house" painted on the front was placed on top of the stack.

Although between two and five thousand students participated in the construction of Bonfire each year, most worked only part-time, and many worked only one or two shifts. Student workers were organized by dormitories or Corps units, with a separate off-campus student team. Many former students participated with teams they belonged to as students. Each team had assigned shifts, although individuals were not limited to working only the assigned shifts. Students working on Bonfire wore "grodes"—old T-shirts, jeans, and boots. By tradition, grodes were either not washed until after Bonfire burned or not washed at all.

In 1983, the city of College Station began manufacturing Austin city limits signs for students to place at the summit of the Bonfire so that students would stop stealing signs from Austin. The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band began building the outhouse, ending the tradition of stealing Bonfire's components.

Controversy
Although women were allowed to serve coffee and provide first aid in the late 1960s, in 1974 they were officially banned from both Cut and Stack. The ban was partially rescinded in 1979, when women were again allowed to participate in Cut, and completely rescinded in 1981. Few women participated in the early years, as female volunteers were subject to verbal abuse from their male counterparts. In 1987, two female photographers from the school yearbook alleged that male workers shouted obscenities and threw dirt on them as they tried to take pictures of the raising of the center pole. The redpots responded that women were always welcome to participate as long as they did their share of the work, and that the photographers were standing dangerously close to the stack. To find their own place in the Bonfire hierarchy, female students founded the all-female Bonfire Reload Crew to provide refreshments to those working at Cut and Stack.

Injuries plagued the construction process. In 1981, student Wiley Keith Jopling died after being run over by a tractor at the Cut site. At the 1985 Cut site, one student broke his hip, and, in 1989, another student lost two fingers when logs crushed his hand. Fractures and amputations were rare, but many students suffered cuts, scrapes, or exposure to poison ivy. Hazing, including beatings with ax handles, was common.

The 1980s also saw increased alcohol consumption during the Bonfire ceremony. In 1988, police issued 140 Minor in Possession (of alcohol) citations and arrested six people. The following year, the local police department brought a paddywagon to the site for the first time, as they anticipated mass arrests for alcohol violations. As many as 150 police officers were on duty during the Bonfire burning from the Texas A&M and College Station police departments and the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission.

In 1989, the Campus Ministry Association, representing 17 religious denominations, unanimously approved a resolution asking the university to change Bonfire because of concerns about safety, participant academic performance, humanitarian considerations, and the environment. Shortly afterwards, the Faculty Senate's Committee of the Whole approved a resolution asking for a panel to explore alternatives to Bonfire.

Although students protested Bonfire's environmental impact since 1970, no changes were made for decades. In 1990, student Scott Hantman asked the Bonfire leadership to help him address the problem. The group solicited volunteers, and in the spring of 1991, they planted 400 trees. The tradition, Aggie Replant, has been repeated annually. The Replant organization became independent of Bonfire in 1994 when it gained its own Student Government Committee.

Later years
After being held at the Duncan Intramural Fields on the south side of A&M's campus for twenty-seven years, in 1992, Bonfire was relocated to the Polo Fields on the northeast corner of campus. This more isolated site, with a larger area for people to gather, made it a safer location. After heavy rains in 1994, the partially completed Bonfire began to slowly lean to the side as the soil underneath shifted. Student officials had enough warning to clear the area and tear down the Bonfire one week before its scheduled burn date. Nine tractors, two bulldozers, and two forklifts dismantled the stack on October 26, 1994 (three weeks earlier than usual; the Aggies' game vs. Texas was moved from Thanksgiving weekend to the first weekend of November due to the NCAA's ban against Texas A&M from appearing on television that season), which, at 70% completed, stood 40 ft tall and 45 ft wide. Students and alumni flocked to the Polo Fields, working around the clock, to rebuild the Bonfire in time for the game. It was completed only hours before it was scheduled to burn. After the 1994 Bonfire was burned, two tons of lime were spread on the Polo Fields to stabilize the ground. This layer hardened to a consistency similar to concrete.

In 1996 a student, Greg White, died in a car accident on his way home from Cut. The student and several companions were riding in the bed of a pickup truck when the driver lost control and the truck rolled. Nine other students were injured.

In its later years, students building Bonfire used logs donated by local landowners who wanted their land cleared for construction or farming. Over 8000 logs were used each year in the late 1990s, taking about 5000 students a combined 125,000 man-hours to construct. After being doused in 700 lb (318 kg) of jet fuel, applied by staff members at A&M's Fire Training School, the Redpots and Yell Leaders then lit the stack with torches the night before the annual football game against the University of Texas when at home and two nights before the game when it was played in Austin.

This event was popular among current and former students and people traveled from all over the state and the nation to observe the burning of Bonfire. Hotel rooms within 65 mi of College Station were booked weeks or months in advance of the date Bonfire burned. Crowds ranged from 30,000 to 70,000 people, depending on the weather and the strength of the Aggie football team. The 1998 Bonfire was broadcast live on Fox Sports Southwest.

1999 collapse
At approximately 2:42 a.m. on November 18, 1999, the 59-foot-high stack, consisting of about 5000 logs, collapsed during construction. Of the 58 students and former students working on the stack, 12 were killed and 27 were injured. Immediately after the collapse, Emergency Medical Technicians and trained First Responders of the Texas A&M Emergency Care Team (TAMECT), a student-run, volunteer service, who staffed each stage of construction, administered first aid. TAMECT alerted the University Police and University EMS (also a student-run service), who dispatched all remaining university medics, and requested mutual aid from the surrounding agencies. In addition to the mutual aid received from the College Station and Bryan, Texas EMS, Fire, and Police Departments, members of Texas Task Force 1, the state's elite emergency response team, arrived to assist the rescue efforts.

Bonfire Memorial
A memorial was constructed on the university polo fields, the site of the accident. Construction began in October 2003 and was completed by November 2004. On November 18, 2004, five years following the incident, the Bonfire Memorial was officially dedicated. The memorial is composed of three design elements:
 * Tradition Plaza – Marks the entrance to the memorial and reflects on Aggie traditions.
 * History Walk – Consists of 89 stones representing the 89 previous years of Bonfire. A gap in the timeline signifies the 1963 Bonfire, which did not burn due to the John F. Kennedy assassination. The three previous Bonfire-related deaths are also memorialized on this time line.
 * Spirit Ring – The ring surrounds the site of the collapse and represents the spirit that brought the students together. Twelve portals are placed around the ring, oriented toward each student's hometown. Twenty-seven stones complete the ring, representing the 27 students injured in the collapse.

The memorial design has been recognized by several organizations as an outstanding architectural design and masonry accomplishment. The American Institute of Architects, San Antonio Chapter, recognized the memorial as a winner of the 2005 AIA San Antonio Design Award. The memorial also was recognized as a winner of the 2005 MCAA International Excellence in Masonry Awards.

To further honor the victims, in 2000, the Aggie Replant Committee planted twelve live oak trees at the Polo Grounds.

Continuation: Student Bonfire
Shortly after the university officially cancelled Bonfire, students began planning an unofficial bonfire for November 2002. Known as the "Unity Project", it became the first unofficial Bonfire since the 1930s. This fire consisted of three piles of wood, with the center stack being 35 ft high. Despite a lack of official advertisement, over one thousand spectators attended.

The following year, the unofficial event was rebranded Student Bonfire. Now a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, Student Bonfire has official bylaws and a Board of Directors comprising former students. The bylaws specify the design that must be used each year, and no changes have been permitted since the first burn in 2003. This design, based on the recommendation of the 2002 university task force and approved by a structural engineer, results in a Bonfire less than half the size of those from the 1960s. In a departure from previous practice, every log in the stack touches the ground. To maintain the traditional wedding-cake design, the logs are cut to different heights, with the tallest set reaching 32 ft high. The lowered height eliminates the need for a spliced center pole. Instead, a single utility pole, sunk 15 ft into the ground, serves as the center pole. As in the pre-1999 versions of Bonfire, each log is tied to the log next to it with baling wire. To further fortify the structure, aircraft-grade steel cable is wrapped around each tier. For added support, four 24 ft poles are spaced evenly around the stack and then bolted to the 45 ft center pole, each with a steel pipe. These poles are known as Windle-sticks, after Levi Windle, a staunch supporter of Student Bonfire who died in an unrelated accident in 2003.

The Board changed or eliminated many of the minor traditions that had proliferated during Aggie Bonfire, primarily for safety reasons. Alcohol is prohibited, and hazing has been banned. The Bonfire leadership structure has remained in place, although in 2014 only 10 of the 26 dorms were represented by Bonfire crews. Attendance for Student Bonfire ranges from 8,000 to 15,000 people and the event is held in Brazos County or one of the surrounding counties.

The 2013 Student Bonfire attracted 12,000 people, despite being postponed until January due to flooding. There was a virtual Burn in 2020 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the only persons allowed to attend in-person were those that built it. In 2022 the stack site was moved up the road, but the new site was located on a flood plain. Frequent rain during Stack season causing deep mud at the site, and forecasted rain for Burn night, forced Burn to be delayed to January 2023.

title: Aggie Bonfire


text:
Air Europa

Air Europa Líneas Aéreas, S.A.U., branded as Air Europa, is the third-largest Spanish airline after Iberia and Vueling. The airline is headquartered in Llucmajor, Mallorca, Spain;   it has its main hub at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport with focus city operations at Palma de Mallorca Airport and Tenerife North Airport. Air Europa flies to over 44 destinations in Spain, the rest of Europe, South America, North America, the Caribbean, Morocco and Tunisia. Since September 2007, Air Europa has been member of the SkyTeam alliance.

Early years
Air Europa started in 1986 (registered in Spain as Air España SA and previously known as such) as part of the British ILG-Air Europe Group and 75% owned by Spanish banks. It originally had a similar livery to Air Europe but with Air Europa titles and its aircraft were registered in Spain. It flew holiday charters from Mediterranean resorts and European cities using Boeing 737-300s and Boeing 757s. It was the first Spanish private company to operate national scheduled flights (besides charter flights which used to be its main business).

When parent company ILG ceased trading in 1991 Air Europa continued profitably with a larger fleet of Boeing 737s and 757s. It signed a franchise agreement with Iberia in January 1998, but this has since been dissolved. It is now owned by Globalia Corporación Empresarial S.A.

At the end of the 1990s, Boeing 737-800 jets were introduced along with a new livery. In June 2005, it was announced Air Europa was among four future associate members of the SkyTeam alliance, due to join by 2006. However, the joining date was postponed, and it did not become a member until 1 September 2007. Air Europa was the parent company for Air Dominicana, the new flag carrier of the Dominican Republic, until bankruptcy was declared on September 21, 2009.

Developments since 2010
Air Europa retired its last Boeing 767 on April 13, 2012.

On May 22, 2019, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC) granted Air Europa permission to operate domestic flights in the country. This was the first time a foreign company was granted such authorisation, after Brazilian laws were changed to allow full foreign ownership of domestic airlines. As of June 2019, no details were available about Air Europa's future domestic operations in Brazil, a market which the airline already serves with international flights from Madrid to Salvador and Recife.

Proposed acquisition by International Airlines Group
On November 4, 2019, International Airlines Group announced plans to acquire Air Europa from Globalia for €1 billion ($1.1 billion) with the deal expected to close in the first half of 2020. At the time, Air Europa operated a fleet of 66 aircraft and had generated an operating profit of €100 million in 2018. IAG stated its intention to integrate Air Europa into Iberia while indefinitely retaining the brand. IAG expected to see an ROI by the fourth year with full synergy by 2025 including inter-group codeshares, bank timing adjustments at Madrid Airport, and sales and loyalty program alignment. In January 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the parties agreed to cut the transaction price in half to €500 million. Plans for a merger were scrapped in November 2021, with both parties seeking ways to revive it, with a deadline set for the end of January 2022. However, in August 2022, IAG converted a loan to Air Europa into a 20% shareholding.

In February 2023, IAG agreed to buy Air Europa for €400 million, with the brand to remain intact despite IAG's plans to make it part of Iberia. The decision followed interventions by the Spanish government, a key proponent of the merger. According to IAG, the merger will allow for the launch of Asia flights from the Madrid hub, which the Spanish government has advocated for. If the deal is approved by regulators, then once the merger is complete, Air Europa is expected to exit the SkyTeam alliance and join other IAG members as part of Oneworld. In January 2024, the European Commission said the deal could reduce competition on domestic routes in Spain and short-haul routes from Madrid to other major cities in Europe and the Mediterranean. The EU competition enforcer also cited concerns over long-haul routes between Madrid and the Americas. In February 2024, Reuters reported that IAG was likely to be hit with an EU antitrust warning, suggesting that regulators found IAG's proposed remedies to be insufficient to alleviate competition concerns.

Accidents and incidents
Air Europa has experienced one serious accident.
 * A Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner operating as Air Europa Flight 045 from Madrid to Montevideo experienced severe turbulence that resulted in at least 40 injuries, including multiple hospitalizations. The plane diverted to Natal without further incident and there were no fatalities, however the aircraft interior was damaged and required repair work.

Destinations
Air Europa operates tour services between northern and western Europe and holiday resorts in the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands. It also operates domestic scheduled services and long-haul scheduled services to North America and South America from Madrid. Its hub is Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport.

Codeshare agreements
, Air Europa has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * Aeroflot
 * Aerolíneas Argentinas
 * Aeroméxico
 * Air France
 * Air Serbia
 * Binter Canarias
 * Canaryfly
 * China Airlines
 * China Eastern Airlines
 * Copa Airlines
 * Czech Airlines
 * Delta Air Lines
 * Etihad Airways
 * Ethiopian Airlines
 * Garuda Indonesia
 * ITA Airways
 * KLM
 * Korean Air
 * Middle East Airlines
 * Saudia
 * TAROM
 * Turkish Airlines
 * Vietnam Airlines
 * XiamenAir

Current fleet
, Air Europa operates an all-Boeing mainline fleet (excluding Air Europa Express) composed of the following aircraft:

Historical fleet
Air Europa previously operated the following aircraft:

title: Air Europa


text:
Winslow, Bainbridge Island, Washington

Winslow is the name of the downtown area of the city of Bainbridge Island, Washington, and is the original name of the city, named for shipbuilder Winslow Hall. It encompasses the area around the main street, Winslow Way, and is made up of approximately 1.5 mi2 overlooking Eagle Harbor.

The city has occupied the entire space of Bainbridge Island since February 28, 1991, when the 1.5 sqmi city of Winslow (incorporated on August 9, 1947), annexed the rest of the island after a narrowly passed November 1990 referendum. It officially remained the city of Winslow for several months, until November 7, 1991, at which time the city of Winslow was renamed the city of Bainbridge Island.

Winslow Way runs about ten city blocks, and is grounded on both sides by local businesses, including a bookstore, several galleries, and multiple restaurants and bakeries. A ferry terminal, with service to Seattle's Colman Dock, boards at the east end of Winslow Way.

In 2010, the census block group in which Winslow is located had a median household income of $42,000, less than half of the Island's median household income of $94,000 and one-third of several of the Island's wealthiest block groups, and also $10,000 less than national and statewide averages. More than half of Winslow households live in rental units, compared to 20% of households across the Island. These differences have in some cases created tension between Winslow and the remainder of the Island, which were highlighted during the successful initiative to annex Winslow and the remainder of the Island into a new jurisdiction noted above.

title: Winslow, Bainbridge Island, Washington


text:
Talk:Texas A&M University

Recent Administrative Reorganization/History
In 2021, President Banks released the plan for the reorganization The Path Forward. It lists that the new Texas A&M University College of Arts and Sciences would be formed and fully operational by September 1st, 2022 from the previous College of Liberal Arts, College of Geosciences, and the College of Science. I hope this can be listed on the article somewhere. I created a list of the current colleges/schools of the University. It’s adapted from one that was on the page until a little over a year ago.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Aquabluetesla (talk • contribs) 17:42, June 3, 2023 (UTC)

Recent issues
Are the recent issues involving hiring and the president's resignation of long-term notability? If so, then someone please write a short paragraph about all this. 19:13, 21 July 2023 (UTC) 2600:6C67:1C00:5F7E:F43C:597E:C305:125C (talk) 19:13, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for reminding us. This definitely belongs in the article and I've added a few sentences. ElKevbo (talk) 00:23, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

Statement from the university president about Qatar
Added statement of TAMU's President regarding inaccuracies and misconceptions of university. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.186.86.140 (talk • contribs) 06:13, May 27, 2024 (UTC)

 * No, you began an edit war to readd a vague sentence that said that the president made a statement. Specifically, you readded this sentence:

 * On 7 January 2024, Mark A. Welsh III, President of TAMU, addressed inaccuracies and misconceptions circulating on various websites and social media platforms regarding the University and its branch campus in Qatar and shared accurate information.

 * Setting aside the minor issues such as the date format that's inconsistent with the rest of the article and the unnecessary middle initial in the person's name, the larger issues are (a) your edit warring to add this statement, (b) the vagueness of the statement, and (c) the fact that the sentence is just unnecessary. All of those issues need to be addressed, not ignored. ElKevbo (talk) 12:18, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Texas A&M University


text:
William Graham

William Graham may refer to:

Politics and government

 * Sir William de Graham, 12th-century Scottish knight
 * William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose (1464–1513), Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose (died 1571), Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1712–1790), Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham, 3rd Earl of Menteith (died 1543), Scottish magnate
 * William Graham, 5th Earl of Menteith, 16th-century Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith (1591–1661), Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham, 8th Earl of Menteith (c. 1634–1694), Scottish nobleman
 * William Graham (colonel) (1742–1835), North Carolina militia and political leader
 * William Graham (Indiana politician) (1782–1858), U.S. representative from Indiana
 * William Graham (Glasgow MP) (1817–1885), Scottish politician
 * William Graham (Edinburgh MP) (1887–1932), British statesman
 * William Graham (Welsh politician) (born 1949), assembly member from South Wales East
 * William Alexander Graham (1804–1875), North Carolina governor, Secretary of the Navy and U.S. senator
 * William Australia Graham (1841–1916), New Zealand surveyor, mediator, farmer, politician and mayor
 * William A. Graham (agriculture commissioner) (1839–1923), North Carolina politician
 * William A. Graham (dean) (born 1943), American scholar of Middle Eastern studies
 * William Harrison Graham (1844–1923), U.S. representative from Pennsylvania
 * William J. Graham (1872–1937), U.S. representative from Illinois
 * William Joseph Graham (1877–1963), American insurance executive
 * William M. Graham (politician) (1819–1886), New York politician
 * William Robert Graham (born 1937), former NASA administrator
 * William Graham (Queensland politician) (1836–1892),

Association football

 * William Graham (winger), English footballer who played as a winger
 * William Graham (footballer, born 1914) (1914–1996), English footballer who played as an inside forward
 * Willie Graham (footballer, born 1866) (1866–1937), Scottish footballer
 * Willie Graham (footballer, born 1959), Northern Irish footballer

Other sports

 * William Graham (American football) (born 1959), American football player
 * Will Graham (footballer) (born 2005), Australian rules footballer
 * William Graham (cricketer) (1881–1961), New Zealand cricketer
 * William Graham (field hockey) (1886–1947), Irish Olympic field hockey player
 * William Woodman Graham (c. 1859–after 1932), British mountaineer

Other fields

 * William Graham (British Army officer) (died 1747), British Army officer
 * William Montrose Graham (1834–1916), major general in the United States Army
 * William H. Graham (journalist) (died 1951), American war correspondent
 * Franklin Graham (William Franklin Graham III, born 1952), evangelist and missionary
 * William Graham (Royal Navy officer) (1826–1907), British admiral
 * William Graham (actor), known for his 1947 film Just William's Luck
 * William Graham (director) (1926–2013), film director
 * William Pratt Graham (1871–1962), electrical engineering professor
 * Will Graham (evangelist) (William Franklin Graham IV, born 1975), son of Franklin and grandson of Billy
 * Will Graham (producer), American producer, director, screenwriter

Fiction

 * Will Graham (character), fictional character in the novel Red Dragon by Thomas Harris

title: William Graham


text:
David Reid

David Reid may refer to:

Sport

 * David Reid (footballer, born 1897) (1897–1963), Scottish footballer
 * David Reid (Hibernian footballer), Scottish footballer
 * David Reid (boxer) (born 1973), American boxer
 * David Reid (curler) (born 1987), Scottish curler

Politics

 * David Settle Reid (1813–1891), American governor of North Carolina
 * Sir David Reid, 1st Baronet (1872–1939), British Member of Parliament for East Down and Down
 * David Reid (politician) (1933–2017), former member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
 * David Reid (pastoralist) (1820–1906), pastoralist and former member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly

 * David A. Reid (born 1962), American politician in Virginia

Others

 * David Boswell Reid (1805–1863), Scottish physician, chemist and inventor
 * David Reid (businessman) (born 1947), chairman of Kwik Fit, former chairman of Tesco
 * David Reid, British musician and founding member of The Contrast
 * Lance (DC Comics), whose alter-ego is named David Reid

title: David Reid