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Shirley Strachan

Graeme Ronald Strachan (pronounced "Strawn") (2 January 1952 – 29 August 2001), professionally billed and known as "Shirley" Strachan or Shirl, was an Australian singer, songwriter, radio and television presenter, and carpenter. He was the lead singer of the rock group Skyhooks (1974–1978, 1983, 1984, 1990, 1994). While still a member of Skyhooks, he had solo singles, which charted on the Kent Music Report, with a cover recording of Brenda Holloway's "Every Little Bit Hurts" (October 1976, No. 3) and a remake of The Miracles "Tracks of My Tears" (July 1977, top 20). After leaving Skyhooks in July 1978, he concentrated on his solo career. He was the host of children's TV program Shirl's Neighbourhood (1979–83). From 1993, he appeared on home renovation TV program Our House as a carpenter and co-host. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Strachan died in August 2001 in a self-piloted helicopter accident.

Early years
Strachan born in Malvern, Victoria, on 2 January 1952 and grew up in Mount Waverley. He was the older brother of three sisters, and he was the son of Joyce and Ronald Strachan, who was a carpenter and former World War II Navy sailor. Strachan became an avid surfer, and his nickname "Shirley" was applied by fellow surfers due to his long, sunbleached and curly hair (referring to Shirley Temple). He was educated at Mount Waverley High School to the end of year 10, where he completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter.

Strachan was a well-known supporter of the Hawthorn Football Club in the AFL.

Music career and Skyhooks
Strachan met "Freddy" Strauks, a drummer, at a performance at Village Green. Strachan would later drive his friend to gigs. Strauks and Greg Macainsh, on bass guitar, were members of Claptrap in 1970, and they asked Strachan to join on lead vocals in the following year. The group were renamed Frame with Strachan; Strauks and Macainsh were joined by Pat O'Brien and Sintjio Oohms, both on guitars. The group's debut performance was on 19 April 1971 at Eltham's Montsalvat, where Strachan "stood facing the band, too shy to face the audience".

In November 1972, Strachan left Frame and moved to Phillip Island to take up surfing and part-time carpentry. He later recalled, "You'd get up in the morning and look out the window and say 'yeah'. Then you'd go down to Woolami and check it out. There'd be a few bars there, and you'd go surfing. Then you'd have lunch and perhaps a couple of hours' work, and then it's high tide, so you go surfing again." While Strachan was surfing at Philip Island, Macainsh and Strauks formed a new band, Skyhooks, in March 1973 with Steve Hill on lead vocals (ex-Lillee), Peter Inglis on guitar (ex–Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band) and Peter Starkie on guitar and vocals (ex–Lipp & the Double Decker Brothers). In March 1974, Strachan replaced Hill on lead vocals in Skyhooks alongside Macainsh, Strauks and Bob "Bongo" Starkie (ex–Mary Jane Union) and Red Symons (ex-Scumbag), both on guitars.

Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane described Strachan as "a natural frontman: young and gifted, loudmouthed and witty, blessed with a sweet yet powerful voice and androgynous good looks". Ed Nimmervoll, a music journalist, opined that "Not only did he have a new identity, he took his singing role on with new maturity and attitude. [Macainsh] told him he'd need to work the stage, and 'Shirl' never looked back, roaming the stage like a maniac." In December 1975, they toured nationally, which Strachan declared was "the biggest tour ever undertaken by an Australian group. Every concert will be performed in the open air". The group followed with a tour of the United States with some performances as a support act to Uriah Heep.

Strachan started his solo singing career during his time with Skyhooks. In October 1976, he issued a cover version of Brenda Holloway's 1964 hit "Every Little Bit Hurts" as his debut single, which peaked at No. 3 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart. It was produced by Warren Morgan, engineered by Ross Cockle and recorded at Armstrong Studios on Mushroom Records/Festival Records. The B-side, "Cruisin' Out on You", was co-written by Strachan with Morgan.

His follow-up single, "Tracks of My Tears", a cover of Smokey Robinson and the Miracles' 1965 hit, reached No. 18 in July 1977. It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle, and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, "Missing You", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, "Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him." In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978, he issued his third solo single, "Mr Summer", which did not chart.

Post-Skyhooks and Shirl's Neighbourhood
After Skyhooks, Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, Shirl's Neighbourhood, from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, It's all Rock 'n' Roll to Me, in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, Shirl's Neighbourhood won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s.

Party Boys, radio, Our House and Skyhooks reunions
In 1984, Strachan joined a rock supergroup, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their third live album, No Song Too Sacred, alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's "Kashmir" as a single.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Strachan relocated to Queensland in that year and started as a regular presenter on home makeover program, Our House, where he resurrected skills from his pre-Skyhooks carpentry trade. He also presented a breakfast radio show, with Gary Belcher and Dean Miller, on the radio station Triple M Brisbane in the 1990s. Strachan left Triple M in 1997 following a pay dispute. He died in August 2001 while solo-piloting a helicopter, aged 49.

A biography of Strachan, Shirl: The Life of Legendary Larrikin Graeme 'Shirley' Strachan, written by Jeff Apter, appeared in 2012. Apter had already written 15 celebrity biographies; for Shirl, Apter had access to Skyhooks' band members, Strachan's family, and "music industry figures, people from Strachan's later career in TV and radio, and the surfing gang he assembled after relocating to Queensland in the 90s." Alistair Jones of The Australian felt that Apter's sources "all contribute to a picture of a good bloke fondly remembered" with the biography's strength being the "input that keeps the journey of a larger-than-life character grounded in personal terms" while a "down-side" was that "in sympathetically honouring the trust of his sources, Shirl becomes something of a tear-jerker."

Personal life
In August 1975, Strachan married Sandra Davis at a registry office in London. The pair had started dating when he was surfing and working on Phillip Island in 1972–73. By October 1977, the couple had separated. Strachan's second wife was Sue Scott. The couple met in 1981 when he was a guest of the TV game show Catch Us If You Can, where Scott was a model and presenter. In 1993, the Strachans moved to Queensland.

Death
Strachan was killed in a helicopter crash on 29 August 2001, at the age of 49. He had been a fixed-wing pilot for many years and had been undergoing training for a helicopter pilot's licence, with a view to buying a helicopter and taking friends and family on surfing safaris. On a solo flight near Mount Archer, Queensland, in clear weather and inexplicably off the course planned by his instructor, Strachan encountered mountain turbulence which caused the rotor of his Bell 47G to sever the tailboom, crashing the helicopter onto the north-north-eastern slope of Mount Archer. The day Strachan died was, coincidentally, the day an ABC documentary episode on rock and roll in Australia, Long Way to the Top, which referred to the Skyhooks, aired on TV.

Tributes
In early September 2001, a beachside funeral was attended by Strachan's family and friends, including Skyhooks' guitarist, Red Symons, and radio colleagues, Gary Belcher and Dean Miller. His ashes were scattered into the sea from a helicopter by his wife, Sue.

Triple M Brisbane, Strachan's former employer, held a day-long on-air tribute to him on the day after his death. Old archived audio was played on air. An episode of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation documentary Long Way to the Top featuring Skyhooks was broadcast on the day of his death: it was dedicated to his memory. On 10 September, Channel Nine broadcast a tribute episode of Our House, "Our House – Memories of Shirl", with content filmed in the weeks before his death, along with archival footage. It was the most-watched program on that night, with 2.19 million viewers.

In September 2001, remaining members of Skyhooks reunited for a memorial gig at the Palais Theatre, St Kilda. Guest vocalists included Daryl Braithwaite on "All My Friends Are Getting Married" and Ross Wilson on "Warm Wind in the City".

Shirley Strachan Memorial Swim
The Noosa Heads Surf Lifesaving Club has been holding a competitive surf swim commemorating Shirley Strachan for over 15 years – the Annual Shirley Strachan Memorial Swim. This is supported by the major sponsorship of McDermott Aviation, and it has been organised since 2003 by Bruce Warren and Sandy Warren. In November 2016, Bruce Warren died, and subsequent swims have been re-named the Shirley Strachan and Bruce Warren Memorial Swim.

title: Shirley Strachan


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Irene Morgan

Irene Amos Morgan (April 9, 1917 – August 10, 2007), later known as Irene Morgan Kirkaldy, was an African-American woman from Baltimore, Maryland, who was arrested in Middlesex County, Virginia, in 1944 under a state law imposing racial segregation in public facilities and transportation. She was traveling on an interstate bus that operated under federal law and regulations. She refused to give up her seat in what the driver said was the "white section". At the time she worked for a defense contractor on the production line for B-26 Marauders.

Morgan consulted with attorneys to appeal her conviction and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund took up her case. She was represented by William H. Hastie, the former governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and later a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and Thurgood Marshall, legal counsel of the NAACP. Her case, Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia,, was appealed to the United States Supreme Court. In 1946 in a landmark decision, the Court ruled that the Virginia law was unconstitutional, as the Commerce clause protected interstate traffic. But neither Virginia nor other states observed the ruling and it was not enforced for decades.

Early life, education and family
Irene Morgan was born in 1917 in Baltimore. She went to local schools and was raised as a Seventh-day Adventist. Morgan married Sherwood Morgan Sr., and had a son and daughter with him. He died in 1948.

During World War II, she helped the war effort by working at Glenn L. Martin, an aircraft manufacturer and defense contractor in Baltimore. She worked on the production line for the B-26 Marauder.

She later married Stanley Kirkaldy and lived with him in New York City. They ran a dry-cleaning business and a child-care center near where they lived in Queens. In her 60s Kirkaldy started college studies, attending St. John's University in New York City; she received her bachelor's degree when she was 68 years old. Five years later Morgan earned a master's degree in Urban Studies from Queens College.

Arrest, jail and conviction
Irene Morgan had been dealing with a recent miscarriage and was visiting her mother in Gloucester County, Virginia, to physically and mentally recover from the ordeal. Hoping to go back home so she could continue working on the production line for the B-26 Marauder, Morgan boarded a Greyhound to return to Baltimore. On July 16, 1944, Morgan boarded the Greyhound bus and had sat down next to another African-American woman who was carrying an infant. An African-American could not sit next to or across from a Caucasian passenger, but there were no designated "black" or "white" seats on the bus. When a white couple boarded the bus at a stop in Middlesex County, Virginia, the bus driver ordered Morgan and her seatmate to surrender their seats. Her seatmate immediately retreated to the back of the bus with her infant, but Morgan refused to give up her spot. When Morgan would not move, the bus driver got off the bus to find a sheriff. The sheriff presented Morgan with an arrest warrant, but she tore up the piece of paper and threw it out of the window of the bus. When the sheriff touched her to pull her out of her seat, she kicked him in the groin. The sheriff got off the bus and a different sheriff was sent on. "He touched me, that's when I kicked him in a very bad place. He hobbled off, and another one came on. I was going to bite him, but he looked dirty, so I clawed him instead. I ripped his shirt. We were both pulling at each other. He said he would use his nightstick. I said, 'We'll whip each other'". The second sheriff got off the bus to grab the deputy.

Morgan was arrested. She had been charged with resisting arrest and violating Virginia's Jim Crow transit law. On October 18, 1944, Morgan attended her court case. She agreed to pay a $100 fine for resisting arrest but refused to plead to the segregation violation. Since Maryland did not enforce segregation for interstate travel, Virginia's Jim Crow law could possibly not apply to Morgan. Morgan's case, with the help of the NAACP, was taken to the Virginia Supreme Court. The supreme court ruled her in violation of the law. Morgan then took her case to the U.S. Supreme Court and won.

U.S. Supreme Court case
Her case, Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia,, was argued by William H. Hastie, the former governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and later a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP was co-counsel. He later was appointed as a US Supreme Court justice.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–1 in 1946 that Virginia's state law enforcing segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional. Hastie and Marshall used an innovative strategy to brief and argue the case. Instead of relying upon the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment, they argued successfully that segregation on interstate travel violated the Interstate Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution.

"If something happens to you which is wrong, the best thing to do is have it corrected in the best way you can," said Morgan. "The best thing for me to do was to go to the Supreme Court."

In 1960, in Boynton v. Virginia, the Supreme Court extended the Morgan ruling to bus terminals used in interstate bus service. African Americans continued to be ejected or arrested when they tried to integrate such facilities, as Southern states refused to obey Morgan v. Virginia. They staged numerous non-violent demonstrations using interstate buses and bus terminals, such as the Freedom Rides of 1961. White Southerners attacked the Freedom Riders, attracting renewed national media attention to the South's Jim Crow system.

Journey of Reconciliation
Morgan's case inspired the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, during which 16 activists from the Chicago-based Congress of Racial Equality rode on interstate buses through the Upper South to test the enforcement of the Supreme Court ruling. The activists divided themselves between the interstate Greyhound and Trailways bus lines. They usually placed an interracial pair in the white-area of the bus. Other activists, disguised as ordinary passengers, rode in the racial sections "reserved" for them by segregation law.

The group traveled uneventfully through Virginia, but when they reached North Carolina, they encountered arrests and violence. By the end of the Journey, the protesters had conducted over 24 "tests," and endured 12 arrests and dangerous mob violence. In a flagrant violation of the Morgan decision, North Carolina police arrested the civil rights activist Bayard Rustin. A jury convicted him and he was sentenced to 22 days on a chain gang for violating the state's segregation laws, although he had been riding on an interstate bus.

The 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, ahead of its time in the use of tactics of nonviolent direct action, inspired the highly publicized Freedom Rides of 1961, also organized by CORE.

Death
Irene Morgan was a lifelong member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. She died in Gloucester, Virginia on August 10, 2007, at her daughter's home, at age 90 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. Her funeral was at Gloucester High School.

Legacy and honors

 * In 1995, Robin Washington produced the documentary You Don't Have to Ride Jim Crow!, aired on New Hampshire Public TV. It featured Morgan Kirkaldy and survivors of the 1947 "Journey of Reconciliation." Morgan received renewed attention for her contributions.
 * In 2000 Morgan Kirkaldy was honored by Gloucester County, Virginia, during its 350th anniversary celebration.
 * In 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Citizens Medal.
 * In 2002, PBS featured a four-part series entitled, The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. Associated materials include an article on Morgan v. Virginia.
 * In 2010, Kirkaldy was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.
 * In 2020, Kirkaldy was included in exhibit "Voices of Resilience: The Intersection of Women on the Move" at the Springfield Museums, a Smithsonian Museum affiliate, which highlighted diverse hidden figures that changed the course of history. Kirkaldy's niece Janine Fondon curated this exhibit.

Representation in other media

 * Robin Washington, producer: You Don't Have to Ride Jim Crow! (1995), documentary, released on New Hampshire Public TV
 * Jim Crow Stories: Richard Wormser, "'Morgan v. Virginia' (1946)", The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow, 2002, PBS

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Irene Morgan


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User:Randywombat

Most of my past contributions to Wikipedia have been in three areas:

 * music, particularly choirs and conducting (my main hobby);
 * philosophy, particularly philosophy of religion (my main academic interest); and
 * the European Union, particularly the European Parliament (the main part of my job until 2006).

These days, I tend to contribute less content to specific areas. Instead, I tend to do general copyediting and maintenance of random articles.

I've been registered here a good while, but my contributions come in fits and starts depending on how busy the rest of my life is.

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title: User:Randywombat


text:
User:Robert Craven

I'm a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computing at Imperial College, London.

Contact details, for those who want them, can be found here:

http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~rac101/

Wikipedia Maintenance

 * How to edit a page

title: User:Robert Craven


text:
Talk:Carambola

Discussion header
It is unfortunate that this article is so very one-sided. It only covers health risks due to interactions with medications. It does not cover health benefits of the fruit and covers absolutely nothing of the plant's culture, growing, soil needs etc. Many healthy foods can interact with chemicals artificially introduced into the body, but this article makes Carambola sound like a dangerous "product" when in fact it is the pharmaceuticals themselves that are dangerous and interact with natural healthy foods in a potentially lethal way. Of course all of these medications should contain ample warnings about side effects and dangerous interactions. It is the responsibility of drug manufacturers to inform their customers the dangers of their products. It is not the responsibility of fruit growers to inform their customers of pharmaceutical interactions.

Fatal consumption of Carambola (starfruit)
I never knew that you could die from eating this fruit, shouldn't they put health warnings or something. From today's news | 10 people in serious condition, 2 of them died after eating Carambola --Bukhrin (talk) 14:02, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

There is a fair amount of oxalic acid in the ripe fruit. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg269 I have 2 trees, both root grafted "Sri Kembangan" from Malaysia. I usually eat the fruit slightly green. It isn't nearly as sweet that way, kind of like a green apple, but is much less likely to cause trouble.

My father in on dialysis and should never eat the fruit. There is also a fine line between ripe and fermented with the variety I have in the summer heat. They are difficult to fully ripen without spoiling. I live in south Florida and the fruit is popular with my Jamaican neighbors, but they also eat ackee, which will kill you quick if not prepared correctly. The crop yields listed in the article above are real. It sounds hard to believe that a 12 foot tree could produce over 300lbs of fruit a year, but mine consistently does, and I give away far more fruit than I eat. David74.163.171.37 (talk) 02:19, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Carambola is pronounced CaramBOla. The primary stress is in the third syllable, with secondary stress on the first syllable, according to Webster.com.

Phonetics available at http://dictionary.reference.com/search?r=8&q=carambola

Eating
To eat it, just wash it and cut it up (it doesn't matter how, lengthwise or widthwise (stars)). You don't need to peel it. I don't think there is a "proper" way to eat it, though I think it would make sense to cut it up since it's a little... awkwardly shaped to just eat it. 24.84.0.4 03:05, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. However. I typically slice off the very edges of the star points, as these usually are browner or greener than the rest. I also do not eat the seeds, which are generally slimy and hard. Lastly, you can also slice the carambola into 5 pieces by slicing each point off the fruit. This way, you avoid the seeds, and you have some crunchy carambola sticks. It's delicious, and I like it better refrigerated.

Varieties
The ripeness will determine taste and consistency, like any other fruit. Varieties do as well, just like tomatoes, apples, etc.

Pome
This fruit is not a pome because it is not in the rose family.

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 11:14, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Kingdom Hearts?
I'm pretty sure the Paopu fruit is not based on the Carambola. I think the star shape is just a coincidence. Unless someone can find some conclusive evidence that the carambola is the basis of paopu's design, I'm going to delete that section. Jamie1743 (talk) 20:51, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

"Chinese goosberry": not
No one who's ever seen a gooseberry would think that "Chinese gooseberry" could be applied to star fruit: Kiwi fruit is called "Chinese gooseberry" ...by the kind of people who call an avocado an "alligator pear". Why is there a separate page Averrhoa carambola? Rival hobbyists making lists? Not encyclopedia writers, certainly.--Wetman (talk) 13:30, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It is most definitely not Chinese Gooseberry. Although to be fair, 'Chinese Gooseberry' (at least the 'Chinese' part, the 'gooseberry' bit being entirely subjective to the European POV) is an older and a more accurate name for the Kiwifruit, as it originates from East Asia. The 'Kiwi' sobriquet was added later on as a marketing gimmick when it began to be cultivated in New Zealand. People tend to get the impression that it came from New Zealand because of this, but the truth is it's not native there.

 * And I think the intent of the other article was to describe the entire plant itself, while this article describes the fruit. The problem is... both of them describe both the plant AND the fruit. Some parts should be migrated to that article and some parts from that migrated to this one.-- Obsidi ♠ n Soul  	 14:31, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Taste
This section needs references. Not to mention that I just ate one and it tasted like a plum (same consistency too although firmer), nothing like an orange or the other fruits mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Telanis (talk • contribs) 03:10, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I have never eaten a plum so I can't really compare it with that, but I've eaten carambolas since I was a kid. I think the comparison to the orange is more because of the strongly acidic sourness present especially in unripe fruits. Since I have read similar comparisons with lemons, grapefruit, citron, etc., I have merged all references to point to fruits of the citrus family. Though it is important to note that the texture/consistency is another matter entirely, and does not in any way resemble citrus family fruits. The texture is somewhat similar to a cross between juicy cucumbers/apples/pears and cherries/plums/peaches (or perhaps like grapes but firmer).

 * Also, it is important to note that the taste varies according to the level of ripeness. Very ripe fruits are mildly sweet, even bland, with little to no sour undertaste. Fruits which are just right (light yellow-green to yellow coloration), has a tart sweet-sour taste. Unripe fruits can be bitingly sour, a taste similar to that of its close relative, the Bilimbi. Or perhaps like tamarind or lemon in the way you can't help but make a face after biting into it, heh.-- Obsidi ♠ n Soul  	 15:48, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Different varieties have very different tastes. Some are very sour and sweet, with a strong taste, might be why some people compare it to oranges. Other varieties are a little acidic with a milder sweet taste and almost no sour. Someone who also eats carambolas as a kid — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.96.50.150 (talk) 02:01, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Number of Sides
It's actually 3 to 6, but five remains the most common. Some of the lower number of ridges result from fusing of two or more ridges, others are 'mutants'. Photographic evidence: -- Obsidi ♠ n Soul   12:40, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

Merge
This article needs to be merged into Averrhoa carambola--Mr Fink (talk) 05:50, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

 *  Support, but should be the other way around. - Averrhoa carambola should be merged into Carambola and redirected per WP:Common name. I wanted to do this a while ago but I was still a noob then.-- Obsidi ♠ n Soul  06:02, 16 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Neutral per below.-  Obsidi ♠ nSoul  03:40, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Support I agree they should be merged. I guess I agree with Obsidian, but as a botanist I feel like the latin name should be the title...although I think he's right and Wikipedia disagrees with me. P S seudoscience F T L 06:20, 26 June 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by PseudoscienceFTL (talk • contribs)

 * Oppose I think the articles are large enough to support their own topics. One is on the fruit product and the other is on the species. This is suggested with many commercially important species per WP:FLORA. Rkitko (talk) 02:31, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment The given example in WP:FLORA, Apple and Malus domestica, have actually been merged already. Carambola is closest to that situation, being a one-to-one correspondence of plant and fruit (no special cultivars, and the fruit comes from a single species, etc.). But yeah, I agree that their content is different enough by now. However, I'm still concerned about the fact that the separation of the fruit and the tree is not mentioned more prominently in both articles. A reader stumbling across one or the other may mistake it for the only article on the species. Should there be at least hatnotes?--  Obsidi ♠ nSoul  06:55, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I didn't realize that about Apple and Malus domestica. Perhaps we should choose a better example, though I think there's a lot of information that would naturally fit into a Malus domestica article that wouldn't fit into an Apple article. However, no, I do not think hatnotes are required in this situation. It's clear in the very first sentence that there are different articles on the species and the fruit. Rkitko (talk) 01:58, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, retracting my support for the merge, though I remain neutral at this point.-  Obsidi ♠ nSoul  03:40, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose for the reasons that Rkitko gives.--Curtis Clark (talk) 05:04, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment After looking at WP:FLORA, I've changed my mind about wanting to have the two articles merged after all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Apokryltaros (talk • contribs)

Same as ma dun et al.?
The following supposed Dab entry has been rewrit at Manis (disambiguation): The ext lk is to a page (also specifing regions where the terms are used) that seems to imply there may be two species in that list, so i have not added accordingly to the accompanying article. --Jerzy•t 04:05, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
 * BELIMBING MANIS,STAR FRUIT,AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA, BELIMBING,BALIMBING,MA DUN Grimes, William. 2004. Eating Your Worlds. Oxford University Press

 * "Belimbing manis" is simply Indonesian/Malaysian for "Sweet Belimbing" (Averrhoa carambola) as opposed to "belimbing asam", "Sour Belimbing" (Averrhoa bilimbi). So yes, "belimbing manis" is carambola. I have rewritten the entry at the dab. --  Obsidi ♠ n   Soul   13:12, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

File:Carambola Starfruit.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Carambola Starfruit.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on August 10, 2012. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2012-08-10. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng  {chat} 18:29, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Image
It would probably be better if the main image of the fruit shows ripe fruits instead of unripe, as it would better represent the fruit. Everyone would recognize an unripe tomato, but people don't know how an exotic fruit is supposed to look like. Unsigned — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.96.50.150 (talk) 02:14, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

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Minor edit
I added information on the growth rate of the tree in different percentage types of sun light. Cowboy961 (talk) 00:06, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carambola


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Soundtrack to Your Escape

Soundtrack to Your Escape is the seventh studio album by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames, released on 29 March 2004.

The album was criticized by longtime fans because of a major change in musical style. However, the album was seen by many as a natural progression from Reroute to Remain and was critically praised by critics such as Metal Hammer and Kerrang!. It reached number 3 in Sweden, number 45 on the American Billboard 200 chart (the band's first album to reach the Billboard 200), number 2 on the Top Heatseekers chart, and number 7 on the Independent Albums chart. This would mark the first album where the band would exclusively use drop A# tuning and abandoning the C standard tuning of previous albums.

Releases
The album is available in both a regular jewel case version featuring 12 tracks and a limited edition digipak with a bonus track, "Discover Me Like Emptiness". The Japanese version has an additional live track called "Clayman".

A special edition, which includes a bonus DVD with live footage and videos of the singles "The Quiet Place" and "Touch of Red", was also released. Music videos were produced for the songs "My Sweet Shadow", "Like You Better Dead", "Borders and Shading" and "F(r)iend".

Personnel
In Flames
 * Anders Fridén – vocals
 * Björn Gelotte – lead guitar
 * Jesper Strömblad – rhythm guitar
 * Peter Iwers – bass
 * Daniel Svensson – drums

Additional personnel
 * Niklas Sundin – album cover
 * Daniel Bergstrand – audio engineer, audio production, engineer, mixing, producer
 * Björn Engelmann – mastering
 * Örjan Örnkloo – keyboards, programming, engineering, mixing, sampling

title: Soundtrack to Your Escape


text:
Lenin's Mausoleum

Lenin's Mausoleum (from 1953 to 1961 Lenin's and Stalin's Mausoleum) (Мавзолей Ленина), also known as Lenin's Tomb, is a mausoleum located at Red Square in Moscow, Russia. It serves as the resting place of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, whose preserved body has been on public display since shortly after his death in 1924, with rare exceptions in wartime. The outdoor tribune over the mausoleum's entrance was used by Soviet leaders to observe military parades. The structure, designed by Alexey Shchusev, incorporates some elements from ancient mausoleums such as the Step Pyramid, the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and, to some degree, the Temple of the Inscriptions.

History
Two days after Vladimir Lenin's death on 21 January 1924, architect Alexey Shchusev was tasked with building a structure suitable for viewing of the body by mourners. A wooden tomb, built in Red Square close to the Moscow Kremlin Wall, was ready on 27 January, the same day Lenin's coffin was placed inside. More than 100,000 Soviet citizens visited the tomb in the next six weeks. By the end of May, Shchusev had replaced the tomb with a larger, more elaborate mausoleum, and Lenin's body was transferred to a sarcophagus designed by architect Konstantin Melnikov. The new wooden mausoleum was opened to the public on 1 August 1924.

Pathologist Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov had embalmed Lenin's body shortly after his death, with Boris Zbarsky and Vladimir Vorobiev later being tasked with its ongoing preservation. Zbarsky was soon assisted by his son Ilya Zbarsky, a recent graduate of Moscow University, who likened the work on Lenin's body to that of ancient Egyptian priests. In 1925, Boris Zbarsky and Vorobiev urged the Soviet government to replace the wooden structure after mold was found in the walls and even on the body itself. A new mausoleum of marble, porphyry, granite, and labradorite, designed by Shchusev, was completed in 1930. The mausoleum also served as a viewing stand for Soviet leaders to review military parades on Red Square.

Lenin's body has been on almost continuous public display inside the mausoleum since its completion in 1930. In October 1941, during the Second World War, known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War, when it appeared that Moscow might be captured, the body was evacuated to Tyumen in Siberia. After the war the body was returned and the tomb was re-opened. Between 1953 and 1961, the embalmed body of Joseph Stalin shared a spot next to Lenin's; Stalin's body was eventually removed as part of de-Stalinization and Khrushchev's Thaw, and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Soviet sculptor Nikolai Tomsky designed a new sarcophagus for Lenin's body in 1973.

On 26 January 1924, the head of the Moscow Garrison issued an order to place the guard of honour, popularly known as the "Number One Sentry", at the mausoleum. The guard of honour was disbanded following the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, but was restored at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Alexander Garden four years later.

Project selection and construction
In January 1925, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee announced an international competition to design a stone tomb for Lenin's body. The commission received 117 suggestions and sketches. Among them, there were offered different variants: a ship with Lenin's figure on board, a round mausoleum in a shape of a globe, an analogue of an Egyptian pyramid and a mausoleum in a shape of the five-pointed star. But after considering the proposed designs, the commission decided to retain the image of a wooden mausoleum. Shchusev created some new drawings based on old sketches and made a model in granite, and his project was approved. It was decided to clad the new building with red granite, as well as black and grey labradorite.

The basement under the sarcophagus weighed twenty tonnes. It was installed on a thick layer of sand, and guarding piles–meant to protect the tomb from vibration–were driven around the slab. Altogether 2900 m2 of polished granite was required for the construction, each square metre of which was processed for three days on average. The upper slab of red Karelian Shoksha quartzite was placed on columns of granite, whose different species were specially brought to Moscow from all the republics of the USSR.

The stone mausoleum was completed October 1930, after sixteen months of construction. Compared to the previous wooden mausoleum, the new building was built three metres higher, the outer volume was increased 4.5 times – 5800 m³, and the inner volume 12 times, up to 2400 m³. Its total weight was about 10,000 tonnes. The mausoleum occupied the highest point on Red Square.

During construction, both the mausoleum and the necropolis were brought to a unified architectural design: differently characterised tombstones and monuments were removed, individual and collective burials at Nikolskaya and Spasskaya Towers were united, and the fence was redesigned and installed. Guest stands for ten thousand seats were installed on either side of the mausoleum.

Interiors
The mausoleum contains a vestibule, Mourning Hall and two staircases. Opposite the entrance is a huge granite block bearing the State Emblem of the Soviet Union.

Two staircases lead down from the vestibule. The left-hand staircase, measuring three meters wide, takes visitors down to the Funeral Hall. The walls of the descent are of grey labradorite. The Funeral Hall is a ten-meter cube with a stepped ceiling. A band of black labradorite runs across the entire room, on which pilasters of red porphyry are placed. Next to the pilasters are bands of bright red smalt, to the right of which are bands of black labradorite. This combination creates the effect of flames and banners flying in the wind. In the centre of the hall is a black pedestal with a sarcophagus.

The upper stepped slab of the sarcophagus is supported by four inconspicuous metal columns, which gives the impression that the slab is hanging in the air. The lower slab is covered in reddish jasper. The sarcophagus is made up of two inclined conical glasses, which are held together by a bronze frame. Illuminators and light filters are embedded in the upper part of the frame, giving an animating pink coloring and reducing heat. On either side of the sarcophagus are the battle and labour bronze banners, which appear satiny due to the special illumination. In the headboard is the Soviet State Emblem framed by oak and laurel branches. At the foot, there are branches twisted with ribbon.

The exit from the Funeral Hall to the right-hand staircase leads back to Red Square.

Preserving the body
One of the main problems the embalmers faced was the appearance of dark spots on Lenin's body, especially on the face and hands. They managed to solve the problem by the use of a variety of different reagents. While working on ways to preserve the body, Boris Zbarsky invented a new way to purify medical chloroform used for preservation. For example, if a patch of wrinkling or discoloration occurred, it was treated with a solution of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol diluted with water. Hydrogen peroxide could be used to restore the tissues' original coloring. Damp spots were removed by means of disinfectants such as quinine or phenol. Lenin's remains are soaked in a solution of glycerol and potassium acetate on a yearly basis. Synthetic eyeballs were placed in Lenin's orbital cavities to prevent his eye sockets from collapsing.

Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the continued preservation work was funded by the Soviet government. After 1991 the government discontinued financial support, after which the mausoleum was funded by private donations. In 2016 the Russian government reversed its earlier decision and announced it would spend 13 million rubles to preserve Lenin's body.

Contemporary
Lenin's Mausoleum is open to the public on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00–13:00. Visitors still queue to see Lenin's body, although queues are not as long as they once were. Entrance is free of charge. Before visitors are allowed to enter the mausoleum, they are searched by armed police or military guards. Visitors are required to show respect whilst inside the tomb: photography and filming inside the mausoleum are forbidden, as is talking, smoking, keeping hands in pockets or (unless female) wearing hats.

Lenin's Mausoleum has undergone several changes in appearance since the collapse of the Soviet Union. One of the first noticeable was the placement of gates at the staircases leading to the tribune. After the removal of the guard, this was necessary to prevent unauthorised usage of the tribune. Beginning in 2012, the mausoleum underwent foundation reconstruction, necessitated by the construction of a building attached to the mausoleum in 1983. The new building housed an escalator used by members of the Politburo to ascend the tribune. In 1995–96, when Yeltsin used the tribune, he used the staircase and not the escalator. The escalator was removed after the tribune became disused. Following renovations, the mausoleum was reopened on 30 April 2013, in time for the 1 May celebration of "The Day of Spring and Labour".

Proposals for burial
Since 1991 there has been discussion about moving Lenin's body to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Russian President Boris Yeltsin, with the support of the Russian Orthodox Church, intended to close the mausoleum and bury Lenin next to his mother, Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova, at the Volkov Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, opposed this, stating that a reburial of Lenin would imply that generations of citizens had observed false values during seventy years of Soviet rule.

On 24 July 2001, Vladimir Putin stated that he was against the burial of Lenin's body: "Our country lived under the monopoly power of the CPSU for 70 years. This is the lifetime of an entire generation. Many people associate their own lives with the name of Lenin. For them, Lenin's burial will mean that they worshiped false values, that they set false goals for themselves and that their lives were lived in vain. I think that actions of this kind can lead to the kind of destructive state that we have already experienced."

In 2009, Vladimir Medinsky, a State Duma deputy from United Russia, noted that there was no point in keeping Lenin's body in the mausoleum: "The maintenance of an ideological artifact in the center of the capital is an immoral act, meaningless from the point of view of budget spending, harmful from an ideological point of view, and cruel both towards Lenin's relatives and towards people who do not share the communist ideology."

On 20 April 2017, deputies from the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia and United Russia proposed for consideration a bill on the burial of Lenin's body, which proposed to establish a procedure for the burial of historical figures. The very fact of the need for burial was considered established, but specific dates were not specified: "In order to consider the issues of reburial of the remains of historical figures, whose activities influenced the course and outcome of major historical events, in order to perpetuate their memory, the government of the Russian Federation, in the manner established by it, forms interdepartmental commissions... the remains of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) are subject to reburial... The procedure, timing and place of reburial of the remains of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) are determined by the government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the proposals of the interdepartmental commission."

The absence of specific deadlines would allow the bill to be applied whenever the public would be ready to bury Lenin's body. After discussing and criticizing the bill, United Russia deputies withdrew their signatures. The government did not support the bill. The provisions of the bill allow for burials without taking into account the will of the deceased and at the expense of the federal budget, but the sources of funding have not been identified, which makes it difficult to assess the financial consequences of the adoption of this law.

In 2018, RIA Novosti reported that Vladimir Petrov, a member of the legislative assembly of Leningrad Oblast, proposed creating a special commission in order to examine the question of the removal of Lenin's body from the mausoleum. Petrov seemed to be willing to replace the corpse with a copy made of synthetic resin.

In November 2018, Sergey Malinkovich, the central committee secretary of the Communists of Russia political party, called for the criminal prosecution of Vladimir Petrov for insulting religious believers by calling for Lenin's preserved body to be buried. He said Petrov's proposal had violated the Criminal Code of Russia by insulting religious feelings and inciting hatred, and that he planned to "keep hounding" Petrov for his remarks.

Honours

 * The Hungarian People's Republic issued a postage stamp depicting it on 20 February 1952.
 * The Soviet Union issued postage stamps depicting it in 1925, 1934, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, and 1949.

title: Lenin's Mausoleum


text:
Finntroll

Finntroll is a Finnish metal band from Helsinki that combines elements of black metal and folk metal. Finntroll's lyrics are mostly in Swedish, the only exception being the song "Madon Laulu" on Visor om slutet. Finntroll's original singer, Katla, decided to use Swedish over Finnish since he was part of a Swedish-speaking minority in Finland and the sound of the language seemed to better suit the band's "trollish" outfit. Despite several vocalist changes, this tradition has continued.

According to band members Vreth and Skrymer, they took their name from an old Finnish legend where Swedish priests coming to Finland had an encounter with a wild-looking man who killed most of their party. The survivors came back bearing the tale of the Finn-Troll.

Finntroll's lyrics mainly deal with legends and tales revolving around the fictional troll-king "Rivfader" and the trolls fighting against the Christians who entered their lands and spread their beliefs. A recurring theme is the story of two priests named "Aamund" and "Kettil": the first three full-length albums feature a rather short but fierce song about the two men who constantly get themselves into trouble with the trolls, only to get beaten up and mutilated over and over again by the wrathful followers of Rivfader.

To date, the band's discography includes seven full-length albums, a live album and three EPs. Their newest studio album Vredesvävd was released in 2020.

History
Finntroll was founded in 1997 with a line-up which included guitarist Teemu "Somnium" Raimoranta and vocalist/lyricist Jan "Katla" Jämsen. A year later they were joined by guitarist Samuli "Skrymer" Ponsimaa, drummer Samu "Beast Dominator" Ruotsalainen, keyboardist Henri "Trollhorn" Sorvali and bassist Sami "Tundra" Uusitalo, creating the first stable line-up of the band. The band's first demo, Rivfader, released the same year.

Their second album, Jaktens Tid, was released in 2001. The following summer, the band had their first time playing festivals in Finland and other countries. The album features yoiking by then Shaman vocalist Jonne Järvelä, later known as vocalist and guitarist for fellow folk metal band Korpiklaani.

The year after the release of the album Jaktens Tid proved to be a misfortune for Finntroll: some tours had to be cancelled, and vocalist Jämsen had to retire from the band due to a viral-based tumor in his vocal cords which could not be removed surgically; he retired after the release of the EP Visor om slutet. The EP was recorded in early January 2003, in a forest cabin near Helsinki. It was an "acoustical experiment", where Jämsen and the new vocalist Tapio Wilska (of Sethian and Lyijykomppania) shared the singing duties among them. Visor om slutet was released as a mid-price EP and held rank on the Finnish midprice chart for several weeks.

On 16 March 2003, shortly before the release of Visor om slutet, guitarist Teemu Raimoranta died when he fell off a bridge in Hakaniemi, Helsinki. Although they had lost their last remaining founding members in this tragic event, the band did not dissolve, but after some time decided to go on, touring Europe for two weeks, supported by the band Katatonia. Guitarist Mikael Karlbom was hired as a replacement for Raimoranta.

In 2004, the band released an EP, Trollhammaren ("The Trollhammer"), a prequel to the soon to follow album Nattfödd ("Nightborn"). Also in 2004, Trollhorn stopped touring with the band, prompting touring musicians to be hired to fill the void left in his absence. Aleksi "Virta" Virta joined the band in an official capacity as second keyboardist in 2005.

On 29 January 2006, Tapio Wilska, vocalist of the band since 2003, was fired from the band. In a statement issued on the band's website, Wilska stated that he would like to keep the reason for his dismissal private.

Following Wilska's parting with the band, they decided to take on Mathias "Vreth" Lillmåns of Chthonian and Twilight Moon as a full-time member on vocals.

A new album, titled Ur jordens djup ("From the Depths of the Earth"), was released March 2007. This fourth album put more emphasis on epic keyboard riffs with very loud but melodic guitar. Former vocalist Katla was brought in to write the lyrics for this album, and continues in this capacity with the band. The last song contains an acoustic hidden track entitled Trollvisan which can be heard at 11:03 minutes. It is commonly believed to be the installment's "Aamund och Kettil song", yet there is no mention of the two priests in the lyrics, the song rather refers to "de kristna" ("the Christians") in general. The band has recorded a live performance for its upcoming first live DVD. A release date is yet to be confirmed. They have released their fifth album, titled Nifelvind ("Underworld's Winds"), and Katla has again written the lyrics. The progress on the album was recorded by Trollhorn in a studio diary. On 15 January 2010 Finntroll released a music video for the new song "Solsagan" on their MySpace page in preparation for the album release. The new album was then released in February 2010.

The band's sixth studio album Blodsvept was released on 25 March 2013.

On 13 May 2014, drummer Samu Ruotsalainen revealed that he would be departing the band in July of that year; the parting was confirmed to be amicable by the band. He was replaced by Heikki "Mörkö" Saari.

In June 2014, the band released a live album, Natten med de Levande Finntroll ("Night of the Living Finntroll"). Thomas Woroniak of RockRevolt Magazine stated "Natten Med De Levande Finntroll is a must-have for any dedicated Finntroll fan. Followers of the group have been waiting a long time for a live recording...the music is unique and vibrant in color and tonality, and the performance is exceptional."

On 25 June 2020, the band announced that their next album, titled Vredesvävd, would be released on 18 September.

Members

 * Current members
 * Samuli "Skrymer" Ponsimaa – guitar (1998–present)
 * Henri "Trollhorn" Sorvali – keyboards, guitars (1998–present; studio-only from 2004)
 * Sami "Tundra" Uusitalo – bass (1998–present)
 * Mikael "Routa" Karlbom – guitar (2003–present)
 * Aleksi Virta - keyboards (2005–present)
 * Mathias "Vreth" Lillmåns – vocals (2006–present)
 * Heikki "Mörkö" Saari – drums (2014–present)

 * Current touring musicians
 * Felipe Muñoz – keyboards (2016–present)

 * Former members
 * Mikael "Ancient Lord" Harju – bass (1997–1998)
 * Jan "Katla" Jämsen – vocals (1997–2003), keyboards (1997–1998) , lyrics (1997–2003, 2006–present)
 * Rauno "Nattvind" Raimoranta – drums, keyboards (1997–1998)
 * Teemu "Somnium" Raimoranta – guitar (1997–2003; died 2003)
 * Tomi "Grönt Helvetes Kungen" Ullgren – guitar (1997–1998)
 * Samu "Beast Dominator" Ruotsalainen – drums (1998–2014)
 * Tapio Wilska – vocals, lyrics (2003–2006)

 * Former touring musicians
 * Meiju Enho – keyboards (2004–2005; toured in place of Trollhorn)
 * Brandon Ellis (Arsis) - guitars 2013–2014; toured in place of Skrymer)

title: Finntroll


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Irismeister

Case closed

This arbitration involves accusations against User:Irismeister levied by a number of other Wikipedians. Voting on proposals can be found at the bottom of this page, with a summary of the decision, reached on 31 March 2004, at /Decision. For the evidence, see /Evidence.

Rationale for accepting the case

 * I vote we accept The Matter of Irismeister for the purpose of deciding whether exaggerated, aggressive, and persistant advocacy of an eccentric point of view is a violation of Wikpedia practices. And also to consider whether his accusation of libel against User:Theresa knott has any basis in fact and whether raising baseless legal claims against other users is a violation of Wikipedia practices. Fred Bauder 13:29, Feb 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * I concur. Irismeister's comments to Theresa knott are not in accordance with our policy and do not serve the purpose of creating the encyclopedia. --mav 08:16, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I vote to accept the Irismeister question due to the seriousness of the libel charges. --the Epopt 14:36, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I vote to accept as well, as this seems to be a recurring issue that ought to be considered. --Delirium 10:24, Feb 26, 2004 (UTC)

Arguments for/against accepting the case
This section has been copied from Requests for arbitration

See Conflicts_between_users and Requests for comment/Irismeister.

 * I would like the arbitration committee to consider banning User:Irismeister. He violates several key wikipedia rules on a daily basis – most seriously NPOV and "No personal attacks".  He is rude, abusive, accusatory and patronising (to newbies and to well respected wikipedians) and he is intimidating other users with threats of legal action.  When he is asked to justify what other users see as POV edits, he launches into long and often incomprehensible rants (which he cross-posts to unrelated wikipedia pages) with the aim of evading simple questions and obfuscating debates.  Simple (and reasonable) requests for sources or further explanation result in references to Stalinist police interrogations, or boasts of his professional reputation (which is disputed).  Due to his inability to discuss issues calmly and clearly, I believe that mediation would be useless, and just give him more time to hound or scare off valuable contributors. - fabiform | talk 14:04, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC).

 * I would like to add that mediation is impossible. Mediation is a private process, conducted by email. Therfore both the mediator and whoever tried mediation with irismeister would necessarily let irismiester know their email address and possible other information that is contained in the header. I firmly believe that irismeister would try to use this information in order to threaten legal proceedings should the mediator not agree with him on everything he says.I too support the request for arbitration and I too request a ban.theresa knott 14:40, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Mediation would have been possible and was indeed attempted at least from my side. Peace would have been brought only with a written apology. We could have concentrated on issues not on persons. We could have written more and better Wiki articles. Indeed, pages once blossoming in "scholarly" dispute now rot orphan of competence and as creatively as any Shakesperean plot. Somebody would rather have me banned than listen to my arguments. Escalation and arbitration are therefore where we reached so far. And, as it appears, we won't stop here. Errare humanum, perseverare diabolicum. - Happy arbitration and living together everafter! It's really competence which has to be banned and has a poor press, your honors - but there isn't much left anyway : O )- irismeister 00:42, 2004 Feb 27 (UTC)

 * With all due respect, if "baby" is an insult and shows a pattern of harassment, while "full of s---" and instantly reverting all my edits are not, who needs arbitration ? We live in interesting times. What I can assure my fellow editors is that, banned or not, complete with such "decrees" and such finding of "fact" like the ones on this shame of a page, deceit shall never rule, justice will. Indeed, I intend to fight for the rule of law, meritocracies, good information and justice until "laser-guided democracy enhancers" (LGDEs) sent from some brave helicopters from a safe distance in the general direction of my office in Paris will attempt to offer me the final "argument" in a rational discussion. This said, I am quite unsure I would like to continue being a member of the club who would accept me - Happy editing quand même - irismeister 14:55, 2004 Mar 22 (UTC) :O)

Statement by Irismeister

 * Note for Theresa - please edit your previous entry for clarity.
 * Note for Fabiform - thank you for helping Theresa keep the page decently wide : O)
 * Note for both Theresa and Jwrosenwweigh - my lawyers have all the necessary data, so please relax. If you did nothing wrong in terms of libel and disinformation, then perhaps, like myself, you will have nothing to fear in the immediate future.

I would like the arbitration committee to admit only serious requests. The only possible merits of the above request are personal vendetta and matters of vanity from the requestor. Although I NEVER insulted anyone, and for matters of principle will never engage in personal attacks, let alone conflicts, I WAS repeteadly insulted on a daily basis, by Theresa, LordKenneth, etc. As per Wiki rules, Wikiquette and Wikilove, as per good old common sense audiatur et altera partem and valued peace-making traditions, I NEVER considered addressing the arbitration committee. Indeed, I believe we all have better things to do with our time than six-grade-worth rant, loads of lies and libel. All the above has perhaps some merit in attracting some attention to issues of censorship and personal idiosyncratic rejections of real issues - masked as a carnivel of wolves masked as lambs and crying wolf. I believe personally that whatever arbitration would remain gentle to such lambs would in the process be very cruel and unfair to the real lambs. I am never rude, abusive, accusatory and patronising - only mannered and using the style which is proper to me. Fascist and Stalinist attempts to force my expression of individuality and opinion in the unique thinking and a priori proper ways have long since joined only the parties repressing Thoughtcrimes. I do believe that FREEDOM OF SPEECH is not essential to democracy. I believe FREEDOM OF SPEECH IS DEMOCRACY. No diversion of my personal style towards forced admissions of tort would be productive in the advancement of knowledge, happiness or freedom. Neverthelss, if the honorable would-be arbitration committee cares to accept the case, then I will co-operate fully and with all material in my possession. Last, allegations of an obscure aim of evading simple questions and obfuscating debates must perhaps be considered by all parts, as long as we are a group. Inability, from me, to address the group? If anything mine are articulate polite answers, plus the sense of spiritual pleasure. Reading with humor the above interventions I believe the accusations to be obscure at best, false at worst, and ridicule as a consensus-seeking solution :-) If anything, in my view, the above request of fabiform | talk on his behalf and on behalf of JRosenzweigh (as shown from the respective talk pages) qualifies for a personal description of their own behavior. While I scare nobody, perhaps more creative diversions are needed to scare off this contributor. I've been banned before for fictitious reasons which I explained already :-) Sincerely, irismeister 14:47, 2004 Feb 23 (UTC)

If your honors decide to go on with arbitration, I would like to add as an outstanding issue the mere number of insults I was obliged to survive and cope with, in Wiki, for authoring 27 major articles and editing 24,000+ pages. These include Bully/Dude/Semiliterate/Quack/Nutcase/Full of *--- (full list with links available upon request). Clearing the record with a written excuse on this page by each of the perpetrators clears the outstanding and ongoing libel issue AFAIAC. As we cannot applaud with only one hand, your honors are invited to address both sides of the outstanding issues. Happy editing - irismeister 19:00, 2004 Feb 24 (UTC)

Experiments in democracy

 * I will only make one brief comment here. Irismeister is welcome to leave comments on my talk page.  I may archive them at my discretion, but I will not delete them.  I personally consider the rest of his charges without merit and unworthy of censure (though my colleagues here are free to disagree and ought to inform me if they do), and his proposals unhelpful (beyond the general idea that all editors here ought to be less aggressive and more kind to each other).  Jwrosenzweig 23:32, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * That's a welcome change that deeply rejoices me :O) So I did not lose my time afterall in the month Jwrosenzweig wouldn't speak to me! I consider the above as a good will measure, and if it will be assorted by a written modes word of excuse here, for the time lost by us all (excuses to be asked for the benefit of the whole Wiki community, not for myself!) I will consider the matter closed. Thank you all and happy editing - irismeister 23:39, 2004 Mar 29 (UTC)

 * Irismeister, I am not going to apologize. I do not believe it is wrong for me to delete your commentary in my talk page, and will do so again should your pattern of legal threats return.  But I think it is more productive and collegial at the present time not to maintain that policy, as the AC is making it clear that you are to desist making those threats.  Furthermore, you have taken up the community's time on this page twice now concerning that legitimate and justifiable decision of mine, and I would like to spare everyone some time (for the entire community's benefit, as you note).  That is all I mean by this.  It should be taken as no admission of fault or guilt concerning my actions towards you.  Thank you, Jwrosenzweig 23:45, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The fallacy of circular arguments, aka petitio principi is a catch and even intelligent editors and admins like you are, jwr, commit it. You (or fab) put me in the AC because you can't find rational arguments, and then you use the AC procedures (not final yet) as a label on me ! Justice will prevail, but you missed an occasion which was important. How can intelligent people insult others, not excuse themselves, and then pretend the issue is different? The issue is libel, not the legal threat. LEGAL procedures are meant to bring JUSTICE not threats. JUSTICE IS NOT A THREAT ! What a pity for an otherwise excellent admin, to fail to see justice at face value ! - irismeister 07:15, 2004 Mar 30 (UTC)

More evidence for libel from a trusted party
"I admit I said that he either needed to admit he didn't mean his 2nd statement, or else admit that he had been a liar in making his original statement. My patience was wearing thin, I admit. You may judge whether I have acted wrongly."
 * Admission of tort, libel and harassment

"Irismeister is a quack and a nutcase. There! (Ah, that felt good to say!)''"
 * Aggravating, inexcusable, continuing libel

 * The definition of libel BTW, is simple, and comes directly from the Wiki trusted, NPOV source:
 * Libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort of making a false statement of fact that injures someone's reputation. When the communication is in writing, it is termed "libel". If made via the spoken word, the correct term is "slander".  Both acts share a common legal history, although they may be treated differently under modern legal systems.  The statement need not be derogatory in itself to be actionable, as where it constitutes invasion of privacy or portrays the person in a false light, as by calling a prominent Democrat a Republican.

Final Statement by Irismeister
Will all due respect, I consider the case closed, if the perpetrators of libel excuse themselves in writing in front of the Wiki community for being disingenious and dishonoring the spirit of truth. Your honors, I admit I crave for justice, need it and cherish it. Truth and justice are the love and marriage, the horse and carriage of any competent and serious public manifestation. I am not important. Truth is. If there were a single message to remain in Wiki after you vote in this arbitration, this is indeed simple - there is no alternative to loving, caring attention to truth and justice anywhere. - irismeister 11:02, 2004 Mar 24 (UTC)

Voting
Gutza declared a conflict of interest and recused himself from the case. The Cunctator, nohat and Delirium did not vote.

For the final decision, see /Decision.

Findings of fact
1. Irismeister has engaged in inappropriate personal attacks. This is against the widely accepted policy to refrain from personal attacks. The following three edits are examples of such attacks:
 * This edit to Talk:Alternative medicine, dated 09:19, 9 Feb 2004
 * Repeated use of the term "baby" and "baby watching" with respect to Theresa Knott, such as the edit summary dated 15:24, 7 Feb 2004 to Mycobacterium leprae history
 * This edit to Talk:Reflexology, dated 15:40, 20 Feb 2004

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:03, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:42, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Irismeister made personal attacks in response to the personal attacks of others which should be mentioned in any finding of fact we make. Fred Bauder 12:45, Mar 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain:

1A. User:DavidWBrooks, , User:Theresa knott, User:Lord Kenneth and User:Irismeister ,   and possibly others have violated the No personal attacks policy. See Talk:Iridology, Talk:Iridology/archive1, Talk:Iridology/archive2, Talk:Iridology/archive3 and their revision histories.

 * For:
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) (think above is better phrasing - will vote for if others disagree)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) (I don't know what this is for - doesn't it just repeat the above?)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (I'm not prepared to censure the whole group together.)
 * the Epopt 20:43, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (This seems to be a proposed finding of fact, not a penalty.)

2. Irismeister has engaged in legal threats that could be considered a breach of Wikiquette. The following three edits are examples of such threats:
 * The edit dated 23:27, 22 Feb 2004, marked (STOP calling me a lier or face legal consequences for libel in less than 24 hours !) on Talk:Disinfectant
 * The edit dated 00:24, 20 Feb 2004, marked (Libel, slander, good will and... back to editing :-) on Talk:Iridology
 * The edit dated 15:08, 23 Feb 2004, marked (Never fear if you really did nothing wrong in terms of libel) on Requests for arbitration

 * For:
 * Martin
 * James F. (talk) 00:03, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:
 * the Epopt 20:42, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

3. Certain Wikipedians have made some harsh comments or personal attacks with respect to Irismeister. The following four edits are examples of such inappropriate comments:
 * Lord Kenneth's edit dated 12:23, 3 Feb 2004 to User talk:Lord Kenneth
 * Theresa knott's edit dated 08:14, 8 Feb 2004 to Requests for comment/Irismeister (although Theresa knott later retracted the "nutcase" comment in the edit dated 10:12, 9 Feb 2004 and apologised for it in the edit dated 10:16, 9 Feb 2004)
 * DavidWBrooks' edit dated 16:15, 21 Jan 2004 (though DavidWBrooks' later apologied for this "semi-literate" comment twice, in an edit dated 16:36, 21 Jan 2004 and an edit dated of 18:10, 21 Jan 2004)
 * DavidWBrooks' edit dated 20:32, 22 Jan 2004

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:03, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:42, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:

4. We consider that Irismeister's edits, taken as a whole, show a pattern of harrassment towards Theresa Knott.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:03, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:42, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:

5. Irismeister, who is apparently both a medical doctor and a practicing Iridologist in Paris, has in the course of editing the article, Iridology violated Neutral point of view policy by engaging in edits which advanced his point of view and strongly resisted efforts by others to write the article from a neutral point of view. See Iridology and its revision history.

 * For:
 * James F. (talk) 00:03, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:42, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) (while some edits were troublesome, they were not sufficiently clear cut so as to deviate from common practice, IMO)
 * Abstain:
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) (I haven't had time to look into this, but in any case, I feel the other points are enough for us to act)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (I will have to do some research to find out just what would be neutral in the area of study)

Avoid personal attacks
A. DavidWBrooks Theresa knott, Lord Kenneth and Irismeister, are reminded to discuss matters in accordance with good Wikiquette, and are instructed to not engage in personal attacks or harrassment.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:08, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:45, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:

B. User:DavidWBrooks User:Theresa knott, User:Lord Kenneth and User:Irismeister are admonished to not engage in the future in personal attacks.

 * For:
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (this should really go for everybody everywhere on Wikipedia)
 * Against:
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) - no point in this given the point immediately above. Call this an abstention if you like, but I'm against it because I think the above is better. What is this even here for?
 * the Epopt 20:45, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) (think above is better phrasing - will vote for if others disagree)
 * James F. (talk) 00:08, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Editing restrictions
A. Editing by User:Irismeister of the article Iridology is prohibited for an indefinite period.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) (sensible precautionary move)
 * James F. (talk) 00:06, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (way too much conflict - no end in sight of that)
 * the Epopt 20:57, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) (as I've abstained with regard to the iridology finding above, I feel I must also abstain on this point)

B. Irismeister's editing privileges are revoked for ten days.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) (less strongly)
 * James F. (talk) 00:06, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (for his personal attacks and legal threats)
 * Fred Bauder 15:30, Mar 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:
 * the Epopt 20:57, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Libel & legal threats
A. Irismeister is instructed to avoid making legal threats on Wikipedia. If legal action is a genuine possibility, Irismeister should instead use appropriate legal channels to inform potential defendants.

 * For:
 * James F. (talk) 00:06, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (this is an unfair tactic)
 * the Epopt 20:57, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (Sue, or sue not. There is no threaten.)
 * Against:
 * We should consider any libel claim ourselves. Any court action should be an appeal of our decision. Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) (not because I agree with Fred, but I only care about legal threats as they are a breach of Wikiquette, and that is covered above. I don't think that random legal threats should be treated any differently to any other intimidating behaviour.)
 * Martin (changed mind: review of past discussion does not indicate sufficient community support for no legal threats, nor can the avoidance of legal threats on Wikipedia be said to be common practice at this stage).
 * Abstain:

B. Accusations of libel are not well founded as the various characterizations of User:Irismeister appear to be either true, opinion, or "fair comment". Notice is taken that apologies have been made in some cases.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:45, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:06, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * While very rude, e.g. "nutcase", the characterizations are true. Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Against:
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC) (we shouldn't be passing judgement on whether Irismeister has a libel case or not. We're not qualified (at least I'm not). Some people made slightly unpleasant comments about Irismeister, and we've noted that. Some comments Irismeister made were intimidating, and we've noted that. That's all we need to do. We shouldn't pretend to be lawyers.)
 * the Epopt 20:57, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (I am not qualified to have a meaningful opinion on what a court jury might find, and I seriously doubt that any of us are.)
 * Abstain:
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (IANAL)

C. User:Irismeister is instructed to desist from attempting to intimidate other users by making unfounded legal threats or by any other means.

 * For:
 * Martin 23:43, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:06, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:26, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * the Epopt 20:57, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) (Sue, or sue not. There is no threaten.)
 * Against:
 * Abstain:


text:
Trang, Thailand

Thesaban nakhon Trang (เทศบาลนครตรัง (translated as Trang city municipality)), City of Trang, or Trang (ตรัง, ), also called Mueang Thap Thiang (เมืองทับเที่ยง), is a thesaban nakhon (city municipality) and the capital of Trang Province, Thailand. The city has a population of 59,637 (2005) and covers the whole tambon Thap Thiang of Mueang Trang district. Trang is 839 km south of Bangkok.

Geography
Trang lies on the Trang River, roughly halfway between the Tenasserim Hills and the coast of the Andaman Sea.

Climate
Trang has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). At just 8°N, the temperature in Trang is sees little variation throughout the year, although the pre-monsoon months from February to April are a little hotter in the daytime. The year is divided into a short dry season, from January to February, and a long wet season from March to December, with the heaviest rain in September. There is still some rain, however, in the dry season.

Transportation
The main road through Trang is Phetkasem Road (Route 4), which connects the city to Phatthalung and the border with Malaysia to the south-east, and to Krabi, Phang Nga, Phuket (via Route 402), Ranong, Chumphon, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi, and Bangkok to the north.

Trang Railway Station is on a branch (terminating at Kantang of the Southern Line of the State Railway of Thailand.

Trang is served by Trang Airport, seven km from the city. Thai AirAsia, Nok Air and Thai Lion Air provide services to Bangkok from Trang.

title: Trang, Thailand


text:
Donatella Versace

Donatella Francesca Versace (born 2 May 1955), sometimes simply referred to mononymously as Donatella, is an Italian fashion designer, Grand Ufficiale dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana and businesswoman, socialite, and model. She is the sister of Gianni Versace, founder of the luxury fashion company Versace, with whom she worked closely on the development of the brand and in particular its combining of Italian luxury with pop culture and celebrity.

Upon Gianni's death in 1997, she inherited a portion of the Versace brand and became its creative director. She is currently the brand's chief creative officer. Along with her brother Gianni, she is widely credited for the supermodel phenomenon of the 1990s by casting editorial models on the runway.

Early life and education
Donatella Versace was born in Reggio di Calabria, Italy, the youngest of four children; Santo, Gianni, and Tina. Her father, Antonio Versace, helped run the family coal mining business, and her mother, Francesca Versace (née Olandese), was a seamstress for a fashion company before setting up her own fashion boutique. Her older sister, Tina, died at the age of 12 from an improperly treated tetanus infection. Always close to her brother Gianni, Donatella was persuaded by him to dye her hair blonde at 11 years old in honor of the Italian singer Patty Pravo, of whom he was a big fan.

In the mid-1970s, Donatella studied literature and languages in Florence. On the weekends, she would commute to Milan to work with Gianni, who was working at the Callaghan fashion label. Donatella's mother did not approve, wanting her to focus instead on her studies, and would check up on Donatella with surprise visits to Florence.

Career
Donatella was only ever interested in a career in the fashion and model industry, stating; "I knew I was going to work in fashion; I really didn't think of nothing else." In 1976, Donatella and Santo joined their brother Gianni in Milan. The three travelled to the United States in 1977 on a three-week tour in search of press and overseas buyers in anticipation of starting the Versace brand.

The Versace brand was established in 1978, with Donatella employed as vice president, although she collaborated with Gianni across all projects, especially in styling, creating the brand image, and designing the brand's accessories, shoes, and handbags. In 1982, Gianni sent Donatella to an auction where she placed the winning bid on the palazzo at Via Gesù 12 in Milan which would become the Versace headquarters and showroom.

Donatella is widely considered to have been both a creative partner and muse to Gianni. In 1989, Gianni dedicated the new Blonde perfume to Donatella, and entrusted the Versus diffusion line to her – gifting her a yellow diamond ring to mark the occasion. During 1996 and early 1997, with Gianni Versace recovering from a cancer of the left ear, Donatella took over much of the decision-making for the Versace brand.

Versace has described her approach to design as being rooted in images, saying "I don't look at the clothes with my eyes, I look through images – a picture, or a video." She is often cited with developing the Versace look. Donatella worked with fashion photographer Richard Avedon on the Spring-Summer 1980 campaign shoot, his first for the brand, and would art direct Avedon on the Spring-Summer 1993 campaign.

Gianni was murdered on 15 July 1997, outside the re-constructed Casa Casuarina, also known as Versace Mansion, in Miami, Florida. In the aftermath of the highly publicized crime and manhunt, most of the Versace family, including Donatella, moved temporarily to a secluded private resort in the Caribbean. Her brother, Santo Versace, inherited 30% of Versace upon Gianni's death and her daughter, Allegra Versace, inherited 50%. Gianni Versace's book The Art of Being You, published posthumously in 1997, includes a dedication to Gianni from Donatella and Santo which reads "This book is a tribute to a great artist himself, to someone who lived with an incredible love for art, to a very special person who was always fascinated by art and artists and always supported them, our brother Gianni".

On 18 July 1998, one year and three days after Gianni's death, Donatella Versace mounted her first haute couture show for the Versace Atelier at the Hôtel Ritz Paris. She built her runway over the hotel's swimming pool, as her brother had done every season, though this time using sheer glass. From October 2002 to January 2003, Gianni and Donatella's best known Versace clothing was displayed in a special exhibit of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Donatella has designed advertising campaigns for Versace that included Madonna, Courtney Love, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Demi Moore, Nicki Minaj, Lady Gaga, Beyoncé and January Jones. She designed the Green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez, also known as the "Jungle-Dress", which was worn by Lopez at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000. In 2015, she appeared in the AW15 ad campaign of its direct competitor Givenchy.

Donatella designed the Palazzo Versace Australia resort on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, which opened in September 2000, and played a major role in the design of the Palazzo Versace Dubai, the second Palazzo Versace hotel, which opened in November 2016. She also designed a Mini Cooper for the Life Ball. In September 2017, Donatella Versace set up a tribute show dedicated to her brother.

Versace and her former husband, American model Paul Beck have two children: daughter Allegra Versace Beck (born 30 June 1986), and son Daniel Versace Beck (born 1989). Her marriage with Paul Beck ended in 2000.

She fought a cocaine addiction for 18 years until 2005. A heavy smoker, she quit in 2014.

Awards

 * 1996: De Beers Diamonds International Award for her design of a gold and diamond tiara, produced by Gianni Versace.
 * 2004: Bambi Award for Fashion
 * 2005: World Fashion Award as Designer of the Year, at the Women's World Awards
 * 2007: Honored along with Gianni Versace by The City of Beverly Hills and the Rodeo Drive Committee for their contributions to the fashion world with a Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award.
 * 2008: FGI Superstar Award.
 * 2008: Honorary chairman of Fashion Fringe
 * 2009: Honorary chairman of Fashion Fringe for the second year running
 * 2010: Woman of the Year by Glamour
 * 2012: Speaker at the Oxford Union.
 * 2012, 2016: Fashion Designer of the Year by Glamour
 * 2017: Fashion Icon of the Year award by the British Fashion Council
 * 2018: First woman to be named as the Designer of the Year at the GQ Men of the Year Awards in the UK and in China.
 * 2018: International CFDA Award
 * 2018: Fashion Icon award at GQ Awards Berlin.
 * 2023: Humanitarian Award for Equity and Inclusivity at the Camera Nazionale della Moda Italia Sustainable Fashion Awards.
 * 2024: Game Changer Honor at the Green Carpet Fashion Awards (GCFA).

Philanthropy
Versace has been involved in several charitable causes. In 1993, Donatella and Gianni Versace published the book South Beach Stories and donated all proceeds to ANLAIDS. She continues to be a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation.

Alongside supermodel Naomi Campbell, in 1998 Versace organized a benefit fashion show in support of the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, raising thousands of dollars for the charity. In the same year, Versace staged a charity fashion show during the Fire & Ice Ball in California to raise funds for the Revlon/UCLA Women's Cancer Research Program. The ball raised $1.8million for the charity. In 2008, Versace staged its first fashion show in China as part of a charity fund-raiser auction and dinner as part of a yearlong partnership in benefit of the Jet Li One Foundation to open children's centers for post-trauma and psychological relief in China's Sichuan province, following an earthquake in the region. As part of the collaboration, Donatella designed a Versace/One Foundation logo and limited-edition merchandise.

In 2010, Versace contributed £20,000 to the 20:20 Fashion Fund of the London fashion college, Central Saint Martins, with funds going towards new equipment for the college.

In 2021, £200,000 were donated by Donatella and her daughter to help during the pandemic of COVID-19. The donation went to the San Raffaele Hospital's intensive care in Milan, Italy.

In popular culture
Versace made a cameo appearance in Zoolander. In The Devil Wears Prada, her name was mentioned sporadically.

At the 42nd Grammy Awards (2000), Jennifer Lopez wore the Green Jungle Dress, which became an international point of attention, being highly publicised in the media. It was designed by Versace herself and Lopez has the original dress currently with her at her estate. The dress worn by Lopez remains the reason for the creation of Google Images, and is known to have been downloaded over 600,000 times within 24 hours of the Grammy's night. In 2019, Lopez wore the dress for the first time since 2001 for the Versace Milan Fashion Show.

Versace was parodied several times by Maya Rudolph on Saturday Night Live.

In the ABC series Ugly Betty, a fictional character called Fabia, played by actress Gina Gershon, is a parody of Versace. Gershon also played Versace as the lead role in the Lifetime television film House of Versace, released in 2013.

Lady Gaga wrote the song "Donatella" from her album Artpop (2013) for her.

The plot of season 2 of the television series American Crime Story recounts the murder of Donatella's brother Gianni. She is portrayed by Penélope Cruz. She criticized the authenticity of the TV series, stating that she was with Madonna when the murder occurred, a moment that is not in the pictures.

In 2022, Versace took part in an onstage skit alongside musicians Dua Lipa and Megan Thee Stallion at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. Dua and Megan came to the stage in matching black floor-length gowns before Versace joined them on the stage and unclipped a part of each dress to reveal different looks. The moment was a tribute to a skit between Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston at the 1998 VMAs. Also in 2022, Donatella's team assisted with making Cardi B's shiny gold chain outfit for the Met Gala. This dress took around 20 people to make, with each chain being hand embroidered.

In 2023, Versace designed a strapless safety pin dress with white tweed, pearl accents and camellia flower details which was worn by Anne Hathaway at the Met Gala.

The character Donatello Versus in Stone Ocean, Part 6 of the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure manga, is named after her.

title: Donatella Versace


text:
Talk:Buffer zone

Suggested expansion: list of important buffer zones not covered as demilitarized zones, such as those with a conservationist agenda or an interesting industrial precipitator, such as a nuclear disaster or dangerous testing

Moved from article by Mrdice 14:04, 2004 Feb 26 (UTC) hi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.200.74.129 (talk) 20:04, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

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New Edits 2020
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I have begun editing this article, mostly for copyedits and structural edits. So far I have copyedited the summary, and am moving onto the rest of the document. I plan to copyedit the rest of the sections and adjust for content where necessary. 18kanza (talk) 21:19, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buffer zone