text:
Talk:Eddystone Lighthouse

Swallowing lead
I removed this phrase from the article:
 * One of the keepers who tried (in vain) to fight the fire swallowed a large amount of molten lead, which killed him after some days.

If someone can confirm or deny this, it would be great.

-- BCorr ¤ Брайен 22:47, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

I have put it back in, with more detail. I'll get the name of the museum in Edinburgh as soon as I can!

Henry Hall may have ingested molten lead, but he certainly would not have died from lead poisoning - try 1st degree internal burns. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.31.95.41 (talk) 12:24, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

I agree: there is no suggestion in the reports cited that he died from lead poisoning. He ingested over 200g of molten lead (melting point 327 degrees) which caused serious, and ultimately fatal burns to his mouth throat and stomach. 202.61.229.152 (talk) 03:56, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

 * It has been five years since this was challenged, and over ten since the assertion was added by an IP editor.. The claim that Hall died of lead poisoning is not supported by the cited sources, and has been removed.  Because of its presence in the article since 2004, the assertion has been copied into other sources, which cannot be relied on should an attempt be made to re-add it.  Kablammo (talk) 02:21, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Devon or Cornwall?
Does Eddystone Lighthouse fall in the county of Devon or Cornwall? Most sources seem to say Devon but the article implies Cornwall. (I am categorising a collection of postcards). Tony Corsini 23:47, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * This Hansard debate seems to indicate that it's in the parliamentary constituency of South-East Cornwall.--JBellis 18:57, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * According to the Ordnance Survey, who I think we can regard as being pretty definitive, the Eddystone is part of the City of Plymouth and hence the County of Devon. See the OS reference now on the article page. -- Chris j wood 12:07, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Parliamentary constituency boundaries do not always follow county boundaries. Historically a few parishes now in the Rame district were in Devon (probably before 1880s reform) --Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 21:06, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Edison Lighthouse?
I've removed the following from the Trivia section of the article:

 * The lighthouse may also have inspired the name of the popular music group Edison Lighthouse, being a weak pun on Eddystone, although the etymology of the group's name is uncertain.

A search on Google shows no sign of this etymology, which is unsourced and even the wording suggests the author is unsure of the facts. If you can find one, please feel free to reinsert with an appropriate reference. -- Chris j wood 18:44, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't really need a source as the sounds of the names are so similar that the balance of probabilities suggests that it was the inspiration for the group's name. It would be more appropriate to ask for a source for any alternative derivation. DavidFarmbrough 18:53, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely disagree. If we are just going to go on personal guesswork, I would suggest that it is more likely they were named after Edison, the inventor of the lightbulb (amongst other things). But I would never write that in an article, because I don't have a source for it. I didn't want to add the Fact template to this article, because I've just put a lot of work into ensuring every other statement in the article is properly sourced. I would have done the same for this one, if I could have found a source. But you have forced my hand. Articles with unsourced statements it is. Thanks. -- Chris j wood 16:13, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Speculation is surely original research and should be omitted. See WP:OR--JBellis 06:39, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

The Keeper of the Eddystone Light was earlier in the article for no obvious reasonn: it still looks strange as I am unsure how to deal with verse which would look better laid out in lines--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 21:23, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Potentialy nice pic
From the turn of the century:

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsc.08791

©Geni 23:50, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/the-winstanley-lighthouse-14865

Painting of the first lighthouse.

©Geni 04:53, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Isaac Sailmaker painting
Isaac Sailmaker painted the lighthouse: image:Isaac Sailmaker - Men-o'-War and other Vessels before the Eddystone Lighthouse.jpg. The ensigns used by the ships in the painting date the scene as being prior to the Acts of Union, so before 1707.. though the form seems more like the 1709 version. Martocticvs (talk) 00:33, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Ignore that :) I can see the blue in the canton, looking at it again, so they are post-1707 ensigns. Martocticvs (talk) 22:48, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Location
It is possible to get an idea of where the lighthouse is on the map if you locate the town, BUT neither the townname or the location of the lighthouse is shown on the map. Could somebody who knows how to edit the map correct that fault? Seniorsag (talk) 16:12, 25 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Not really sure I understand the bit about the town, but the map does show the offshore location using the lighthouse icon Legenda_latarnia.svg. I did look to see if adding the label made things better, but as it is at the bottom of the map it looked messy, and cluttered, so I didn't leave it in...Jokulhlaup (talk) 16:48, 29 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Eddystone Lighthouse. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060502095435/http://www.eddystoneeel.com:80/LIGHTHOUSE%20HISTORY.htm to http://www.eddystoneeel.com/LIGHTHOUSE%20HISTORY.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060830015836/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/weather/features/understanding/1703_storm.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/1703_storm.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:46, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Eddystone Lighthouse. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141108082624/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk:80/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/eddystone.html to http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/eddystone.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:51, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Eddystone Lighthouse. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000341/http://cornovia.org.uk/htexts/edye01.html to http://cornovia.org.uk/htexts/edye01.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:46, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

Internal consistency
The lead section states that "the Cordouan lighthouse preceded it as the first offshore lighthouse". However, the section on Winstanley's lighthouse states, "The lighthouse was also the first recorded instance of an offshore lighthouse". Both refer to a Britannica.com article. This says that Cordouan was "the first lighthouse to be built in the open sea" but then states that Eddystone was the first tower "fully exposed to the open sea". So the Britannica.com article does not seem to be entirely self consistent either. I don't know enough about the subject to fix this but suggest someone needs to look into this and tidy up this article to make it internally consistent. --Prh47bridge (talk) 13:14, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

Douglass's lighthouse - Oil Storage Capacity
The oil storage capacity stated seems implausible. The Story of our Lighthouses and Lightships: Descriptive and Historical does state a storage capacity of 2,660 tons (presumably long tons). I think that this is an error in the cited source and it should actually be gallons.

The oil referred to is colza oil with density of 0.93 tons per cubic metre. This would give a volume for 2,660 tons of 2,906 cubic metres - more than the ubiquitous olympic sized swimming pool and very much larger than the two oil rooms which have a total volume of about 26 cubic metres and also contain the staircases and the housing for the weight. If the 2,660 tons lasted for nine months, about 10 tons would need to be carried from the oil rooms to the top of the tower every day... The crew would have to be superhuman.

Looking at contemporary oil consumption, a figure of 2,026 gallons per annum is broadly in keeping with the storage being 2,660 gallons rather than tons.

... not a Pharologist, but a Pharophile  ... Graham Stephen 16:56, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eddystone Lighthouse


text:
Talk:February 25

Deaths
Don Knotts died on the 24th, not the 25th, and is listed under "Deaths" on both days. I removed his name from the list for the 25th, but the change was reverted. Anyone else care to try? 129.22.35.189 02:55, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Births; amazement
Back on 14 December 2004, some good soul operating from IP 62.16.235.193 added Brendon Baerg into the Feb 25th births, listing it as 1998. Over two years later, yours truly comes along, happens to spot the name because it's at the end of the list, does some quick math & figures out that this American Actor must only be 9 years old! Wow! And he's famous enough to have his own Wikipedia Article! I'd better check this kid out! So I click over to his article, only to discover that, although he was, indeed, a child actor, he's now about to turn 31, as he was actually born in 1976!! it appeared that he was born in 1976, because someone had been vandalizing the article and changed the year of his birth!

So I corrected changed the Feb 25th Births listing. I'm sure it was an honest mistake, as he had a movie released in 1998. The thing that amazes me is the HUNDREDS of people who edited this article in the intervening two years who (apparently) didn't notice that little discrepancy! Mind you, I'm SO not criticizing those hundreds of people, but merely marveling that it does, indeed, take a very LARGE village to write an encyclopedia!  The very particular lens through which each one of us looks at this project is uniquely valuable! Write on!! Mpwrmnt 11:32, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

The learning that I take from this experience is: Don't believe everything you read, EVEN in Wikipedia! Check the history first and see where the information came from!

So now I've gone back and RE-corrected his birth year on the Feb 25th page & I think I'm going to "retreat" into the "real world" for a while! I'm craving 3-dimensional objects with weight and texture and smell & all those old-fashioned things! Humbly yours, Mpwrmnt 04:53, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Khrushchev's speech
February 14 also has Mr K denouncing Stalin in a speech. So do other sources. Unless he gave two such speeches, maybe this one is wrong. Alpheus 00:44, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Revert
In response to your last revert of my edit, it was mentioned that Mary Locke Petermann was born on February 25, 1908, in both the 1st and 3rd sources on the page, possibly more. So unless I'm missing something, we do have evidence that she was born then.-- SkyGazer 512 Oh no, what did I do this time? 13:20, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
 * A couple of points:
 * You're probably not aware but Days of the Year pages are no longer exempt from WP:V and direct sources are required for additions. For details see the WikiProject Days of the Year style guide.
 * However, you're right. I did miss the date a few lines from the top of her section of The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z.  I originally saw only the year when I first checked.  I've added that reference to this article so that it directly supports her DOB.  Toddst1 (talk) 13:27, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Great, thanks. So a reference will have to be added to every single line in every single day of the year page? That's going to take a while, but I guess adding a reference for any new additions is a good way to start.-- SkyGazer 512 Oh no, what did I do this time? 13:33, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
 * . Yep. The theory was that every linked article would have reliable sources backing up additions to DOY.  It turned out that that was rarely being checked and we ended up with tons of errors throughout the DOY pages so the practice was changed.  A few of us are slowly culling through them but ensuring that all new additions come with sources.  Thanks for your quick grasp of this.  Toddst1 (talk) 13:36, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for letting me know - I'll make sure to keep that in mind in the future.-- SkyGazer 512 Oh no, what did I do this time? 13:37, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

Different structure to other date articles
Is there a reason why this page is structured differently (Deaths pre-19th Century etc) to the other date articles? Princess Persnickety  (talk)  21:21, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I was wondering this myself... I checked through the page history: this is all the work of one user starting in June 2020. This is the last version before his edits... I can't see anything in this talk page about why these changes were made... or why this page was chosen if this is some sort of pilot project. Paris1127 (talk) 23:19, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I can't find anything either. It's been over 8 months and none of the other pages have been done (that I can see) so I think I'm going to revert and leave a message on the editor's talk page.  Princess Persnickety   (talk)  17:59, 6 March 2021 (UTC)

and. The article structure, specifically the question of sub-headings, was discussed at WP:DOY and achieved unanimous project agreement. It is being gradually introduced across all 366 articles but only a handful so far because of the time needed to upgrade the articles. In future, please do not make wholesale changes like the above without prior discussion leading to WP:CONSENSUS. No Great Shaker (talk) 18:38, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
 * That's fine, but maybe a notice would be helpful or it looks like a random change. Princess Persnickety  (talk)  18:42, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
 * It might help. You'd be best advised to take the suggestion to WT:DOY because it will need to apply project-wide if agreed, not just in this article and a few others. Thanks. No Great Shaker (talk) 18:50, 6 March 2021 (UTC)

Additional events
I don't know how to add things within the style of the list and I'd rather not mess up what you guys are working with, but Turkish Airlines flight 1951 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_1951) crashed on this date and is a notable aviation accident. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Coolkirk1701 (talk • contribs) 16:00, 25 February 2022 (UTC)

you can add the entry like this:

* 2009 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 crashes while landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, killing nine passengers and crew

You can adjust the text as you see fit, as long as you include a link to the actual article, and you must have a reliable source as well. Cheers, Kiwipete (talk) 08:24, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:February 25


text:
Sound pressure

Sound pressure or acoustic pressure is the local pressure deviation from the ambient (average or equilibrium) atmospheric pressure, caused by a sound wave. In air, sound pressure can be measured using a microphone, and in water with a hydrophone. The SI unit of sound pressure is the pascal (Pa).

Mathematical definition
[[File:Sound pressure diagram.svg|thumb|250px|Sound pressure diagram: 1. silence;

2. audible sound;

3. atmospheric pressure;

4. sound pressure]]

A sound wave in a transmission medium causes a deviation (sound pressure, a dynamic pressure) in the local ambient pressure, a static pressure.

Sound pressure, denoted p, is defined by $$p_\text{total} = p_\text{stat} + p,$$ where
 * ptotal is the total pressure,
 * pstat is the static pressure.

Sound intensity
In a sound wave, the complementary variable to sound pressure is the particle velocity. Together, they determine the sound intensity of the wave.

Sound intensity, denoted I and measured in W·m−2 in SI units, is defined by $$\mathbf I = p \mathbf v,$$ where
 * p is the sound pressure,
 * v is the particle velocity.

Acoustic impedance
Acoustic impedance, denoted Z and measured in Pa·m−3·s in SI units, is defined by $$Z(s) = \frac{\hat{p}(s)}{\hat{Q}(s)},$$ where
 * $$\hat{p}(s)$$ is the Laplace transform of sound pressure,
 * $$\hat{Q}(s)$$ is the Laplace transform of sound volume flow rate.

Specific acoustic impedance, denoted z and measured in Pa·m−1·s in SI units, is defined by $$z(s) = \frac{\hat{p}(s)}{\hat{v}(s)},$$ where
 * $$\hat{p}(s)$$ is the Laplace transform of sound pressure,
 * $$\hat{v}(s)$$ is the Laplace transform of particle velocity.

Particle displacement
The particle displacement of a progressive sine wave is given by $$\delta(\mathbf{r}, t) = \delta_\text{m} \cos(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \varphi_{\delta, 0}),$$ where
 * $$\delta_\text{m}$$ is the amplitude of the particle displacement,
 * $$\varphi_{\delta, 0}$$ is the phase shift of the particle displacement,
 * k is the angular wavevector,
 * ω is the angular frequency.

It follows that the particle velocity and the sound pressure along the direction of propagation of the sound wave x are given by $$v(\mathbf{r}, t) = \frac{\partial \delta}{\partial t} (\mathbf{r}, t) = \omega \delta_\text{m} \cos\left(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \varphi_{\delta, 0} + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) = v_\text{m} \cos(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \varphi_{v, 0}),$$ $$p(\mathbf{r}, t) = -\rho c^2 \frac{\partial \delta}{\partial x} (\mathbf{r}, t) = \rho c^2 k_x \delta_\text{m} \cos\left(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \varphi_{\delta, 0} + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) = p_\text{m} \cos(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \varphi_{p, 0}),$$ where
 * vm is the amplitude of the particle velocity,
 * $$\varphi_{v, 0}$$ is the phase shift of the particle velocity,
 * pm is the amplitude of the acoustic pressure,
 * $$\varphi_{p, 0}$$ is the phase shift of the acoustic pressure.

Taking the Laplace transforms of v and p with respect to time yields $$\hat{v}(\mathbf{r}, s) = v_\text{m} \frac{s \cos \varphi_{v,0} - \omega \sin \varphi_{v,0}}{s^2 + \omega^2},$$ $$\hat{p}(\mathbf{r}, s) = p_\text{m} \frac{s \cos \varphi_{p,0} - \omega \sin \varphi_{p,0}}{s^2 + \omega^2}.$$

Since $$\varphi_{v,0} = \varphi_{p,0}$$, the amplitude of the specific acoustic impedance is given by $$z_\text{m}(\mathbf{r}, s) = |z(\mathbf{r}, s)| = \left|\frac{\hat{p}(\mathbf{r}, s)}{\hat{v}(\mathbf{r}, s)}\right| = \frac{p_\text{m}}{v_\text{m}} = \frac{\rho c^2 k_x}{\omega}.$$

Consequently, the amplitude of the particle displacement is related to that of the acoustic velocity and the sound pressure by $$\delta_\text{m} = \frac{v_\text{m}}{\omega},$$ $$\delta_\text{m} = \frac{p_\text{m}}{\omega z_\text{m}(\mathbf{r}, s)}.$$

Inverse-proportional law
When measuring the sound pressure created by a sound source, it is important to measure the distance from the object as well, since the sound pressure of a spherical sound wave decreases as 1/r from the centre of the sphere (and not as 1/r2, like the sound intensity): $$p(r) \propto \frac{1}{r}.$$

This relationship is an inverse-proportional law.

If the sound pressure p1 is measured at a distance r1 from the centre of the sphere, the sound pressure p2 at another position r2 can be calculated: $$p_2 = \frac{r_1}{r_2}\,p_1.$$

The inverse-proportional law for sound pressure comes from the inverse-square law for sound intensity: $$I(r) \propto \frac{1}{r^2}.$$ Indeed, $$I(r) = p(r) v(r) = p(r)\left[p * z^{-1}\right](r) \propto p^2(r),$$ where hence the inverse-proportional law: $$p(r) \propto \frac{1}{r}.$$
 * $$*$$ is the convolution operator,
 * z−1 is the convolution inverse of the specific acoustic impedance,

The sound pressure may vary in direction from the centre of the sphere as well, so measurements at different angles may be necessary, depending on the situation. An obvious example of a sound source whose spherical sound wave varies in level in different directions is a bullhorn.

Sound pressure level
Sound pressure level (SPL) or acoustic pressure level (APL) is a logarithmic measure of the effective pressure of a sound relative to a reference value.

Sound pressure level, denoted Lp and measured in dB, is defined by: $$L_p = \ln\left(\frac{p}{p_0}\right) ~ \text{Np} = 2 \log_{10}\left(\frac{p}{p_0}\right)~\text{B} = 20 \log_{10}\left(\frac{p}{p_0}\right)~\text{dB},$$ where
 * p is the root mean square sound pressure,
 * p0 is a reference sound pressure,
 * 1 Np is the neper,
 * 1 B = ($1⁄2$ ln 10) Np is the bel,
 * 1 dB = ($1⁄20$ ln 10) Np is the decibel.

The commonly used reference sound pressure in air is

which is often considered as the threshold of human hearing (roughly the sound of a mosquito flying 3 m away). The proper notations for sound pressure level using this reference are or, but the suffix notations , , dBSPL, or dBSPL are very common, even if they are not accepted by the SI.

Most sound-level measurements will be made relative to this reference, meaning will equal an SPL of. In other media, such as underwater, a reference level of is used. These references are defined in ANSI S1.1-2013.

The main instrument for measuring sound levels in the environment is the sound level meter. Most sound level meters provide readings in A, C, and Z-weighted decibels and must meet international standards such as IEC 61672-2013.

Examples
The lower limit of audibility is defined as SPL of, but the upper limit is not as clearly defined. While ( or )  is the largest pressure variation an undistorted sound wave can have in Earth's atmosphere (i. e., if the thermodynamic properties of the air are disregarded; in reality, the sound waves become progressively non-linear starting over 150 dB), larger sound waves can be present in other atmospheres or other media, such as underwater or through the Earth.

Ears detect changes in sound pressure. Human hearing does not have a flat spectral sensitivity (frequency response) relative to frequency versus amplitude. Humans do not perceive low- and high-frequency sounds as well as they perceive sounds between 3,000 and 4,000 Hz, as shown in the equal-loudness contour. Because the frequency response of human hearing changes with amplitude, three weightings have been established for measuring sound pressure: A, B and C.

In order to distinguish the different sound measures, a suffix is used: A-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dBA or LA. B-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dBB or LB, and C-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dBC or LC. Unweighted sound pressure level is called "linear sound pressure level" and is often written as dBL or just L. Some sound measuring instruments use the letter "Z" as an indication of linear SPL.

Distance
The distance of the measuring microphone from a sound source is often omitted when SPL measurements are quoted, making the data useless, due to the inherent effect of the inverse proportional law. In the case of ambient environmental measurements of "background" noise, distance need not be quoted, as no single source is present, but when measuring the noise level of a specific piece of equipment, the distance should always be stated. A distance of one metre (1 m) from the source is a frequently used standard distance. Because of the effects of reflected noise within a closed room, the use of an anechoic chamber allows sound to be comparable to measurements made in a free field environment.

According to the inverse proportional law, when sound level Lp 1 is measured at a distance r1, the sound level Lp 2 at the distance r2 is $$L_{p_2} = L_{p_1} + 20 \log_{10}\left( \frac{r_1}{r_2} \right)~\text{dB}.$$

Multiple sources
The formula for the sum of the sound pressure levels of n incoherent radiating sources is $$L_\Sigma = 10 \log_{10}\left(\frac{p_1^2 + p_2^2 + \dots + p_n^2}{p_0^2}\right)~\text{dB} = 10 \log_{10}\left[\left(\frac{p_1}{p_0}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{p_2}{p_0}\right)^2 + \dots + \left(\frac{p_n}{p_0}\right)^2\right]~\text{dB}.$$

Inserting the formulas $$\left(\frac{p_i}{p_0}\right)^2 = 10^{\frac{L_i}{10~\text{dB}}},\quad i = 1, 2, \ldots, n$$ in the formula for the sum of the sound pressure levels yields $$L_\Sigma = 10 \log_{10} \left(10^{\frac{L_1}{10~\text{dB}}} + 10^{\frac{L_2}{10~\text{dB}}} + \dots + 10^{\frac{L_n}{10~\text{dB}}} \right)~\text{dB}.$$

title: Sound pressure


text:
User talk:Bleiglass~enwiki

Hi. I live in London and have been taking lots of photos. They are listed on User:Secretlondon/Photos if you want to use any for any of the wikipedias you are editing on. I find getting free images very hard. User:Morwen has done more, and lots of GFDL maps. Anything on the English wikipedia that is tagged as a public domain image, or a GFDL image you can use on other wikipedias. Anything tagged fair use I would not touch - these are used under a certain section of US copyright law. Secretlondon 22:52, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

Image:VenusTranBleiglass.jpg
Are you the photographer of this image? If not, where does it come from? It would be great if we could tag it GFDL or PD. David Remahl 10:45, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Image tagging
Thousands of images have no copyright tags. You can help sort this out by clicking on this link!

Sauna
Could you dual-license the beautiful Image:Sauna.jpg as CC-SA v1.0, so it can also be used on Wikitravel? It would be perfect for the Finland guide. Jpatokal 09:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Where did you get that sauna picture? Who is the company which makes it?

File source problem with File:Nikko1.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Nikko1.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 07:03, 26 May 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  F ASTILYsock (T ALK ) 07:03, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Nikko2.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Nikko2.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 07:03, 26 May 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  F ASTILYsock (T ALK ) 07:03, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Nikko3.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Nikko3.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 21:04, 29 August 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 21:04, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bleiglass. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bleiglass~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:40, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:07, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bleiglass~enwiki


text:
Frankopan family

The House of Frankopan (Frankopani, Frankapani, Frangipani, Frangepán, Frangepanus, Francopanus) was a Croatian noble family, whose members were among the great landowner magnates and high officers of the Kingdom of Croatia in union with Hungary.

The Frankopans, along with the Zrinskis, are among the most important and most famous Croatian noble families who, from the 11th to the 17th century, were very closely connected with the history, past and destiny of the Croatian people and Croatia. For centuries, members of these noble clans were the bearers and defenders of Croatia against the Ottomans, but also resolute opponents of the increasingly dangerous Habsburg imperial absolutism and German hegemony, which in the spirit of European mercantilism sought to consolidate throughout the Habsburg Monarchy. The past of these two clans is intertwined with marital ties, friendships and participation in almost all significant events in Croatia, especially on the battlefields in the defense of Croatia from the Ottoman conqueror.

History
The Frankopan family was one of the leading Croatian aristocratic families from the 12th to the 17th century. Since the 15th century they were trying to link themselves to the Roman patrician Frangipani family (which claimed descent from a Roman plebeian family of Anicii and ended in 1654 with Mario Frangipane being its last male descendant ). However Croatian Encyclopedia, Italian Encyclopedia and German Biographical Lexicon of the History of Southeastern Europe by the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies highly question the bloodline connection between the two families and remind of the common fashion of medieval noble families in Europe to try and connect themselves to ancient Roman nobility. Along with the members of the Zrinski family the Frankopan ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatian and Hungarian history. The first known member of Croatian lineage of the Frankopan family was Dujam I Krčki (Doymus Veglenfis in Latin sources that also attribute the title of comes to him ), lord of Krk who received permission by Domenico Michieli, Doge of Venice from 1118 to 1130, to rule the island of Krk as vassal of the Republic of Venice. His exact origin is unknown, but he and his descendants were referred to as the Counts of Krk in historical documents. In 1221, the brothers Henry and Servidon Frankopan received the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula and Lastovo as a gift from King Andrew II of Hungary for their services. In 1428 Nikola IV Krčki (Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1426 to 1432) was the first of the Counts of Krk to call himself Frankapan. In 1430 he managed to receive recognition from Pope Martin V for being a descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipani and officially started using the name and coat of arms Frangipani.

In 1240–1241 the Mongol Empire advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Béla IV resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Béla stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frankopans the county of Senj with surrounding lands and the castle of Modruš.

In 1246 there was another war, between Frederick II, Duke of Austria and Béla, who, with the assistance of the Frankopan, won a victory. As a further reward, King Béla then, by royal decree, created the Frankopans as Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.

The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat). It is recorded that in 1291, Nikola Frankopan sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona.

Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The Zrinski and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the European courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia.

In 1420 the Swedish King Erik of Pomerania called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to Sweden to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Matthias (Matija) stayed in Sweden.

In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the noble status of Nikola Frankopan referring to him as Niklas Frangiapan Comes de Begle, Segnie et Modrusse (Nikola Frankopan, Count of Krk, Senj and Modruš) using the Latin title of comes. He also granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.

Bernardin Frankopan's (1453–1529) paternal grandmother Dorothy was from a prominent Hungarian noble family, Garay, while his mother Isotta from Este family was Duchy of Ferrara of Ferrara. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernardin had even Árpád ancestry (the Árpád dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The Frankopan family was persecuted after the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, where the Count Fran Krsto Frankopan participated in an uprising against Habsburg King Leopold I. He and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski were executed in Wiener Neustadt.

The line of Stjepan II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Katarina Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Franjo Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. Another branch died out in 1572 with Franjo Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Fran Krsto Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Maria Juliana Frankopan, married Countess of Abensberg und Traun and later Countess von Attems).

Doimi de Lupis's name claiming
In 1991, Vjekoslav Nikola Antun Doimi de Lupis (1939–2018), originally also Dujmić-Vukasinović, by then a British citizen, changed his name and surname to "Louis Doimi de Frankopan Šubić Zrinski" or "Louis Michal Antun Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Shubich Zrinski" under British Civil law, adding several names of ancient Croatian noble families that combined in such a fashion were historically never attributed to any member of mentioned noble families. In the late 1990s, Louis's cousin Mirko Jamnicki-Dojmi di Delupis wrote an open letter where he denounced claims over Frankopan, Šubić and Zrinski names by his family and presented the family tree of Dojmi di Delupis containing 129 names from the year 1200 onwards. Louis's descendants include Lady Nicholas Windsor, and historian Peter Frankopan who also claimed that they always had the same name.

In 2002, the wife of Louis Doimi de Lupis, Swedish lawyer Ingrid Detter, bought the Ribnik Castle, once the property of the Frankopans, and today in the Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia (Z-301), for the price of 1.6 million kunas from the Ribnik municipality and in accordance with the decision of the Ministry of Culture, the Directorate for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, however hardly anything has been invested. In 2003, they also founded the literary awards " Katarina Zrinska " and " Petar Zrinski ", which were held only once. In the same year, during the Pope John Paul II visit of The Shrine of Our Lady of Trsat, which was tightly related to the Frankopan family, the members of de Lupis family managed to get presented not by their original name yet as Frankopans.

Notable members

 * Dujam II of Krk (ruled c. 1288–1317)
 * Bartolomeo VIII Frankopan of Krk and Senji (ruled 1327–1361), in 1336 helped free the future Czech King Charles IV from capturing by pirates
 * Ivan V (Anž) of Krk (died 1393), Ban of Croatia
 * Nikola IV Frankopan (c.1360–1432), first "Frankopan" and son of Ivan V of Krk also Ban of Croatia
 * Ivan VI Frankopan (János) (died 1436), son of Nikola IV Frankopan and Ban of Croatia
 * Stjepan III Frankopan (Hungarian: István) (c. 1416–1481 or 1484), son of Nikola IV Frankopan. Co-ruled with Ban Ivan VI Frankopan.
 * Ivan VII Frankopan, ruled the Principality of Krk between 1451 and 1480.
 * Bernardin Frankopan (1453–1529) Son of Stjepan III Frankopan. Influential nobleman, diplomat, and warrior.
 * Nikola V Frankopan (died 1456–1458), son of Nikola IV Frankopan and Ban of Croatia and Slavonia
 * Beatrice Frankopan (1480–c. 1510), heiress of Hunyad Castle and wife of John Corvinus
 * Krsto Frankopan (1482–1527), son of Bernardin Frankopan and Ban of Croatia
 * Juraj III Frankopan (?–1553), signatory of Cetingrad Charter (1527)
 * Franjo Frankopan (1536 – 1572), Ban of Croatia
 * Vuk II Krsto Frankopan (c. 1578–c. 1652), general of Karlovac generalate
 * Franjo Frankopan Cetinski, archbishop, bishop, and diplomat
 * Nikola IX Frankopan of Tržac (died 1647), Ban of Croatia
 * Katarina Zrinska (c.1625–1673), daughter of Vuk Krsto Frankopan. Married Petar Zrinski, Ban of Croatia.
 * Fran Krsto Frankopan (beheaded in 1671), promulgated the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, known as Wesselényi conspiracy in Hungary.

Holdings
Several of the Frankopan castles remain in Croatia, mostly around the Gorski kotar region and the island of Krk. The castle at Stara Susica near Trsat incorporates structures going back to the Illyrian and Roman periods. The town of Bosiljevo has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at Severin na Kupi were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in Ribnik, Bosiljevo, Novi Vinodolski, Drivenik, Ogulin, Slunj, Ozalj, Cetingrad, Trsat, and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of Krk is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. Some castles which were properties of the family:

title: Frankopan family


text:
Flag of Indiana

The current flag of Indiana was designed by Paul Hadley and officially adopted by the State of Indiana on May 31st, 1917.

It is the state's third official flag and has remained unchanged since then except for the creation of a statute to standardize the production of the flag in 1955.

First flag
A state flag for Indiana was in use as early as the late 1880s, depicting the seal of Indiana wrapped in an oak leaf wreath, a star-spangled shield with 13 stars and stripes below the seal, and a red scroll above the seal that bears the name Indiana.

On February 21, 1885, each state was asked to dedicate a state flag for the Washington Monument. At the time, Indiana lacked a state flag, and so the Indiana government had authorized Eliza Callis, the State Librarian for the Indiana State Library, to produce the first Indiana state flag.

Second flag
In 1901, Senate Bill 239 of Chapter 150 in Laws of the State of Indiana sought to make the flag of the United States the official state flag of Indiana. This Act passed at the Sixty-Second Regular Session of the General Assembly, and was put into effect on March 9, 1901 when Governor Winfield Durbin signed the bill into law. This Act lasted until 1955 when the Indiana General Assembly amended the Act, officially recognizing Paul Hadley's flag design as the state flag.

The bill reads as follows: WHEREAS, The State of Indiana has no flag; and WHEREAS, The flag of the United States is recognized as the flag of every State and Territory composing the United States; therefore SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, That said flag of the United States, representing each State with a star in a blue field, be and is hereby adopted as the flag of the State of Indiana.

Current flag
To commemorate the state's 1916 centennial anniversary, the Indiana General Assembly issued a resolution to adopt a new state flag. At the request of the General Assembly, a contest was sponsored by the Indiana Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution to design a flag to serve as the official state banner. As an incentive to increase the number of submissions, the contest offered the winner a one hundred dollar cash prize. More than two hundred submissions were received and examined by the Society before a winner was selected. The entry created by Paul Hadley of Mooresville, Indiana, was ultimately chosen as the winner of the contest and the cash prize.

On May 31st, 1917, the flag was chosen as the state's official banner. The General Assembly made only one change to Hadley's original design: they added the word Indiana, in a crescent shape, over the top of the torch. The state banner was later renamed the state's flag in a new statute passed in 1955 that also standardized the dimensions of the flag, namely mandating a more rectangular aspect ratio as most Indiana state flags made until then were of a more squared shape.

Flag evolution
In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) placed Indiana's flag 32nd in design quality out of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state and U.S. territorial flags ranked.

Iconography
The flag consists of a gold torch that represents liberty & enlightenment; the rays around the torch represent their far-reaching influence. The nineteen stars represent Indiana's place as the nineteenth state to join the United States. The thirteen stars in the outer loop symbolize the original Thirteen Colonies, the five inner stars represent the next five states added to the Union, and the one large star above the torch represents Indiana.

Statute
The current statute that governs the design of the state flag states:

"The flag's dimensions shall be three feet fly by two feet hoist; or five feet fly by three feet hoist; or any size proportionate to either of those dimensions. The field of the flag shall be blue with nineteen stars and a flaming torch in gold or buff. Thirteen stars shall be arranged in an outer circle, representing the original thirteen states; five stars shall be arranged in a half circle below the torch and inside the outer circle of stars, representing the states admitted prior to Indiana; and the nineteenth star, appreciably larger than the others and representing Indiana shall be placed above the flame of the torch. The outer circle of stars shall be so arranged that one star shall appear directly in the middle at the top of the circle, and the word 'Indiana' shall be placed in a half circle over and above the star representing Indiana and midway between it and the star in the center above it. Rays shall be shown radiating from the torch to the three stars on each side of the star in the upper center of the circle."

There are no official shades of blue and gold for the flag.

Usage
Several other laws govern the use of the state flag.

The flag is required to be flown by all state militias and the Indiana National Guard. It is to be on display at the Indiana Statehouse at all times, and a new and different state flag is required to replace the previous flag each day whenever doing so would be feasible and practicable. The flag must also be displayed at any agency that is funded in part or in full by the state government, including public schools, state universities, and state parks. When the state flag is in too poor of a condition that it is not fitting for display, the flag should be honorably destroyed using the same method provided for the retiring and disposing of the flag of the United States.

In all other respects, the Indiana state flag should be treated with the same care and respect as the flag of the United States.

Other usage
The team colors for the NBA's Indiana Pacers were taken from the gold and blue of the flag.

Several Indiana state agencies and colleges utilize the Indiana state flag in their logos.

Several Indiana license plates use the state's flag in their designs.

In late 2008, Bloomington-licensed CW affiliate WTTV used the flag's torch and stars element in their station logo until 2015 when they became a CBS affiliate, though the logo remains in use for their second digital subchannel.

The logo of the BP-acquired Amoco Corporation (formerly Standard Oil of Indiana) prominently features a torch to commemorate the company's Hoosier origins; it remains in use at the few BP stations using Amoco and Standard trade dress to maintain trademark protection.

A variation of the Indiana state flag was used as the Gotham flag in the 1989 movie Batman. The flag can be seen in the mayor's office.

After the Apollo 11 moon landing, a display case containing the state flag and 0.05 grams of space dust was created by NASA and presented to Governor Edgar D. Whitcomb. The display case remains on display at the Indiana State Museum.

In 1973, a piece of Lunar basalt 70017 was given to the state of Indiana by President Richard Nixon. A display case was created containing the piece of lunar basalt. Also on this display case, below the rock, is a copy of the state flag that had been carried to the Moon aboard Spacecraft America during the Apollo 17 mission.

Flag proposals
The idea of a state flag contest was first raised at the annual state DAR conference in 1915. To commemorate the state's 1916 centennial anniversary, the Indiana General Assembly issued a resolution to adopt a new state flag. At the request of the General Assembly, a contest was sponsored by the Indiana Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution to design a flag to serve as the official state banner. This contest had received over two hundred flag submissions, including several flags designed by Paul Hadley. Of the flag submissions, only a few of them are known to have been documented.

title: Flag of Indiana


text:
Flag of Iowa

The flag of the state of Iowa is a vertical tricolor flag designed by Dixie Cornell Gebhardt in 1917. Iowa, United States legislators officially adopted the flag in 1921.

History
The state of Iowa did not have a banner for the first 75 years of its conception, largely because of calls for national unity during and after the American Civil War, in which Iowa fought for the Union. It was not until World War I that the creation of a state banner was requested, recorded first by the Iowa Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), while Iowa National Guardsmen positioned along the Mexican border made several requests for a banner, as other states had banners to represent themselves. In 1917, Iowa was one of three states that had no banner. The flag was designed by DAR member and Knoxville, Iowa, resident Dixie Cornell Gebhardt, who was prompted to create the design by Iowa guardsmen. It was approved by the DAR flag committee in early May 1917 and presented to the Iowa State Council for Defense, where it was accepted on May 11, 1917. The flag was sent to Iowa troops for designation but would not be officially adopted as the state flag for nearly four more years.

Iowa governor William Lloyd Harding formally accepted the flag on behalf of the state on March 19, 1918, but legislative action on adoption failed in February 1919. Still, the Iowa Daughters met with legislators urging them to accept the flag again in September 1920, suggesting that past failures were caused by high expenses.

Despite not being adopted, the banner was used often throughout the nation to represent Iowa, notably in Continental Hall where it was among official flags of other states, though marked as unofficial. This was all the more reason to adopt the flag officially, according to the wife of congressman Horace Mann Towner.

Finally, in January 1921, Iowa legislators again deliberated on the adoption of an official banner, and by mid-March of that same year, the flag was accepted as law.

In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association placed Iowa's flag 42nd in design quality out of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state and U.S. territorial flags ranked.

Protocol and procedure
The banner is only to be used in official representation of the state of Iowa or in distinction between citizens of different states. The flag should always be flown below and "subservient" to the flag of the United States, while being provided and raised by public officers. Schools must fly the banner when classes are in session, and public buildings may fly the banner on secular days.

Design
Iowa law officially describes the state flag.

Cornell Gebhardt assigned meaning to each color of the flag: blue represents loyalty, justice, and truth; white stands for purity; red symbolizes courage. The Des Moines Register suggested that the design hearkens back to Iowa's history as a French territory, with both flags containing blue, white and red from left to right, though Iowa's banner has a wider white section. The Register also stated that the word "Iowa" written in red symbolizes the "Iowa soldier [writing] in letters of blood on the white page of history his unalterable determination to defend the ideals represented by the banner and its wonderful motto."

It is one of nine U.S. state flags to feature an eagle, alongside those of Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Wyoming. The eagle carrying streamers in its beak also features on the Iowa state seal.

title: Flag of Iowa


text:
Talk:Flag of Texas

Flag of the Texas Sesquicentennial
Can someone make a flag of the 1986 Texas Sesquicentennial? E.g.: ? ? I would, but I have no such skill. Thanks in advance, TuckerResearch (talk) 15:16, 4 March 2022 (UTC)
 *
 *
 *

 * ? ? TuckerResearch (talk) 13:26, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

 * , thank you very much for making this flag! TuckerResearch (talk) 13:03, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flag of Texas


text:
Springhill House

Springhill is a 17th-century plantation house in the townland of Ballindrum near Moneymore, County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. It has been the property of the National Trust since 1957 and, in addition to the house, gardens and park, there is a costume collection and a purported ghost. It is open from March to June, and September on weekends, and is open to the public seven days a week during July and August.

Features
This 17th-century unfortified house was built about 1680-1695 and was originally surrounded by a defensive bawn. Around 1765 two single-storey wings were added and the entrance front was modified to its present arrangement of seven windows across its width.

The Conyngham family
The Conyngham family had come from Ayrshire in Scotland in about 1609, possibly from Glengarnock and the first of the family in Ulster was said to have been one of the family of the Earls of Glencairn. Alexander Conyngham, Dean of Raphoe, ancestor of the later Marquesses Conyngham, was probably a near relative - his son Sir Albert Conyngham's portrait is at Springhill and not Slane Castle. They were granted lands under James I's Plantation of Ulster in County Armagh and County Londonderry. The early history of the family is something of a mystery. Mina Lenox-Conynham asserted that a document previously held in the Public Records Office in Dublin asserted that the lands at Ballindrum (later Springhill) were in Conyngham hands as early as 1609, but she believed this record to have been destroyed during the Battle of Dublin and the shelling of the Four Courts It is believed that some form of farm dwelling was constructed on the estate in the second quarter of the seventeenth century (probably on the site of the present carpark) but this was destroyed during the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

William Conyngham I
William Conyngham I (referred to in family documents as "the elder") was a colonel in the Irish rebellion of 1641 and one of Cromwell's Commissioners for County Armagh and held land at Drumcrow in the County and property in the town of Armagh itself. He was granted new title deeds by Cromwell in 1652, 'the old ones having been destroyed in the recent wars'. He died in 1666, when High Sheriff of County Londonderry. In 1676 his widow lived in a house on the north side of Armagh with a garden and a little parke called Garreturne.

William Conyngham II
Marriage articles between William Conyngham II (known to the family as "Good Will") and Ann Upton of Castle Upton near Templepatrick executed 1680 stated that he was required "to build a convenient house of lime and stone, two stories high ... with necessary office houses" for his wife-to-be. It is widely believed that the present house owes its origin to this document though dendrochronological examination of the roof timbers on the central part of the house date the beams to after 1690. At this time, many of the surviving outbuildings along with the rare Dutch styled gardens were created.

George Butle Conyngham
From William Conyngham II, the estate passed to George Butle in 1721. George was the son of William Conyngham II's sister Anne, who had married David Butle. George thereupon adopted the name Butle-Conyngham. Under the terms of the Plantation Grant, he reconstructed the village of Coagh in about 1755, naming the main square Hanover Square in deference to King George II.

Col. William Conyngham
From George Butle Conyngham, the estate passed to his eldest son, Col. William Conyngham of the 7th Dragoon Guards (known as the "Black Horse" regiment) in 1765. Col William added the two wings to either side of the house as a nursery and ballroom respectively.

George Lenox-Conyngham
Col. William Conyngham died without issue in 1784. The estate passed to his brother David Conyngham who also died childless four years later. As a result, the estate then passed to the son of their sister Ann who had married Clotworthy Lenox of Derry, grandson of James Lenox, Alderman of Derry (Mayor of Derry 1693 and 1697), remembered as one of the leaders of the Siege of Derry and the city's Member of Parliament 1703–1713. Col. George Lenox, upon inheriting the estate, adopted the name Lenox-Conyngham and his descendants lived in the house until 1961. George served under Castlereagh in the Irish Volunteers but, after being betrayed by Castlereagh, resigned his commission in disgrace in 1816. As a result of this, combined with his depressive nature, he committed suicide later that year. His 2nd wife Olivia (4th daughter of William Irvine of Castle Irvine, County Fermanagh) is said to haunt the house to this day and is reputed to be the best documented ghost in Ireland. George Lenox-Conyngham married as his first wife Jane Hamilton of Castlefin, by whom he had a son and heir William Lenox-Conyngham. Jane's mother was Jean Hamilton, daughter of John Hamilton of Brown Hall County Donegal; Jean married John Hamilton of Castlefin County Donegal, and after his death married George Lenox-Conyngham's uncle William Conyngham.

William Lenox-Conyngham, and the Lissan House connection
From George, the house passed to his eldest son William Lenox-Conyngham in 1816. He had been a talented lawyer in Glasgow but left his legal career to run the estate. In 1818 he married Charlotte Staples, daughter of the Rt. Hon. John Staples of Lissan House near Cookstown. John Staples was a respected lawyer and member of the Irish House of Commons. Staples first wife was Harriet Conolly of Castletown House in County Kildare. The descendants of their eldest daughter Louisa Anne inherited Castletown Houseafter the death of Lady Louisa Conolly in 1821. His second wife was the Hon. Henrietta Molesworth, daughter of Field Marshal Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth. Their son Thomas Staples became the 9th Baronet Lissan.

During William Lenox-Conyngham's tenure, the estate was drained and improved and a large well-appointed dining room was added to the rear of the house, complete with a 17th-century Italian chimneypiece salvaged from Frederick Augustus Hervey's (the Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry) Ballyscullion House near Bellaghy which was demolished in about 1825.

Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham
When William Lenox-Conyngham died in 1858, the estate passed to his eldest son Lt. Col. Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham who had married Laura Arbuthnot, daughter of George Arbuthnot of Elderslie (Founder of the Indian Bank, Arbuthnot & Co) in 1856. Her father's elder brother was Sir William Arbuthnot 1st Baronet, Lord Provost of Edinburgh and Lord Lieutenant of Edinburgh. Sir William Lenox-Conyngham was highly involved in military matters and was knighted (KCB) by Queen Victoria in 1881. During his tenure, the estate was largely sold off under the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 and the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 and was reduced to around three hundred acres. Finances became a grave concern for the family. Sir William was the last Agent of The Drapers' Company, overseeing their remaining estate in Northern Ireland, which had been extensive and included Draperstown and Moneymore.

Decline of the Estate
By the time of Sir William's death in 1906, there was little left of the estate and as a result of some unwise investments, his son Lt. Col. William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham found financial matters very trying. In 1899 he married Mina Lowry of Rockdale near Cookstown in County Tyrone. She was the last member of the family to live on the estate and she continued to do so even after the death of her son and the National Trust taking over in 1957 until her own death in 1961. Col. William Arbuthnot fought in both the Boer and Great Wars and his younger brother Lt. Col. John Staples Molesworth Lenox-Conyngham was killed in action at Guillemont during the battle of the Somme, on 3 September 1916, personally leading the 6th Battalion Connaught Rangers over the top and into the attack armed only with an ancient revolver. He is buried at Carnoy in France. The two wooden crosses that marked his grave were returned to Ireland and now lie inside St Patrick's Cathedral Armagh, next to his memorial.

National Trust
William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham died in 1938 and the estate passed to his elder son Capt. William Lowry Lenox-Conyngham who led the local Home Guard during the Second World War as a result of being invalided out of the National Defence Corps in 1940. Realising that the finances of the family were now in terminal decline and recognising that neither he nor his brother had any children to carry on the direct line, William Lowry entered into negotiations with the National Trust in 1956 with a view to handing over the house. This had followed a chance meeting with Nancy, Countess of Enniskillen who had presented Florence Court in County Fermanagh to the Trust the previous year. In the event, he signed his will bequeathing the house and estate to the National Trust only three days before his death in 1957.

William's uncle George Hugh Lenox-Conyngham married Barbara Josephine née Turton whose mother Lady Cecilia was the daughter of Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown of Russborough County Wicklow. They had two sons Denis Hugh and Alwyn Douglas and two daughters Cecilia Laura and Eileen Mary, born in Edinburgh. Their father had, like previous members of the family, been educated in Edinburgh, in George's case at Fettes College where he was the first former pupil to return as a school master. After being Housemaster of Kimmerghame House, he became a priest. His first living was at Denver in Norfolk, then he was appointed Rector of Lavenham, a living that was held by his old Cambridge College Gonville & Caius. Eileen, Denis, their mother Barbara and aunt Alice Lenox-Conyngham travelled on the Titanic.

Following the death of William Lowry in 1957, the head of the family became Captain Alwyn Douglas Lenox-Conyngham RN, his elder brother Denis having died in China in 1928, whilst serving with his regiment The Cameronians. His eldest son Charles Denis Lenox-Conyngham, former Managing Director of Blue Funnel Line and Chairman of Sealink is the current head of the family.

Restoration
Upon adopting the property, the National Trust undertook a large-scale programme of restoration and re-construction adopting the orthodoxy of 1950s conservation practice which saw the Victorian smoking room demolished, large portions of the house stripped back to stone and all the rooms re-arranged to reflect their appearance when first constructed.

Present day
The house today contains a vitally important and almost complete collection of one family's occupation for three hundred years. In the Gun Room can be found one of the largest surviving 18th century wallpaper schemes surviving in the UK (Chinese wallpaper from the 1720s), along with a "long gun" dating to about 1680 which was presented to Alderman James Lenox after the Siege of Derry. Present is a six-inches-long muzzle-loader and two late 18th-Century blunder busses. The Library contains one of the most important collections of 17th and 18th century books in Ireland and is composed of around 3000 volumes, the oldest of which is a small Latin psalter of 1541.

In the old laundry can be found the largest costume collection in Northern Ireland (established by Viscount Clanwilliam in 1960) and a selection from the collection is displayed annually in the costume museum.

The bedroom contains an intriguing medicine chest, once owned by the 3rd Viscount Molesworth.

Springhill was used for the location of the three-part adaptation of Eugene McCabe’s modern Irish classic, Death and Nightingales, first broadcast in November 2018, featuring as the home of landowner Billy Winters.

Wellbrook Beetling Mill
The National Trust owned Beetling Mill is a sister property of Springhill.

Book

 * Mina Lenox-Conyngham, An Old Ulster House; Springhill and the people who lived in it 1946 and 2005 ISBN 1-903688-38-8

title: Springhill House


text:
John Russell, 4th Earl Russell

John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987), styled Viscount Amberley from 1931 to 1970, was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th-century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.

Education
John Russell was educated at the progressive Dartington Hall School, the University of California, Los Angeles and Harvard University. Upon leaving Harvard in 1943 he returned to Britain and enlisted in the Royal Naval Reserve. In the Reserve, he learned the Japanese language.

Career
Russell had a distinguished early career, working for the FAO among other organisations, but in later life he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. This made him the only person in the United Kingdom to be denied the vote on two counts, first, for being a peer and, second, for being insane. He delivered a speech in the House of Lords on 18 July 1978 that was considered so outlandish that to this day it was claimed to be the only speech unrecorded by Hansard, although it is included in the online version while lacking the final section that he had written but failed to read aloud after being interrupted.

Personal life
He was married on 28 August 1946 to Susan Doniphan Lindsay, daughter of the poet Vachel Lindsay. They were divorced in 1955. They had three daughters:, Lady Sarah Elizabeth Russell , and Lady Lucy Catherine Russell (21 July 1948 – 11 April 1975). Neither Sarah nor Lucy married or bore children; Felicity had one daughter, Rowan. Like their father and mother, the three daughters had mental illnesses. Lucy, who was Bertrand Russell's favourite grandchild, died from self-immolation, at the age of 26, in the forecourt of a church near Penzance, ostensibly protesting in the cause of world peace. Like her father Lucy was diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Russell was succeeded as Earl by his half-brother, the historian Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell.

title: John Russell, 4th Earl Russell


text:
List of municipalities of Portugal

This is a list of the municipalities of Portugal. Portugal is divided into 18 districts (distritos) and 2 autonomous regions (regiões autónomas), Azores and Madeira. The districts and autonomous regions are further subdivided into 308 municipalities of Portugal (municípios or concelhos). Usually, a municipality is named after its largest or historically most important town or city. Municipalities are typically much larger than the city or town after which they are named.

List

title: List of municipalities of Portugal


text:
Talk:Rack

Untitled
please, can you add some info about a computer rack, what does de number + U mean, and so on?

Thanks.

comment above written by User:62.57.113.244, please sign your posts.

I added a definition for computer rack — J3ff 00:46, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Please stop deleting my definition for "rack." There's no reason to delete it.--WatchHawk 18:42, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually there is a reason to delete it, and that's what I invited you to respond to and why multiple different users have deleted your addition. This page is a disambiguation page for the term rack, not a list of possible definitions of the word. Disambiguation is defined in Wikipedia as "the process of resolving ambiguity—the conflict that occurs when a term is closely associated with two or more different topics. In many cases, this word or phrase is the "natural" title of more than one article. In other words, disambiguations are paths leading to different topics that share the same term or a similar term." The point is to resolve possible pages which may come into conflict because the term's usage (rack) may be unclear. Since there is currently no possible article on your slang use of the word rack nor is it a common usage, what disambiguation purpose is served by its inclusion here? As has been stated in all of the deletion edit summaries, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a dictionary of slang.  Fuhghettaboutit 19:10, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Apperently you haven't been around Wikipedia very much, there are definitions for slang words and terms all over Wikipedia. Thus, my definition for the slang meaning of "rack" should be allowed. I will continue to put it. --WatchHawk 00:23, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Now that is an example of cogent, unassailable reasoning. Well done. Fuhghettaboutit 04:58, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * That other editors have made the same error of thinking that Wikipedia is a dictionary of slang is no reason to perpetuate that error. The dictionary is over there if you wish to contribute to it. Uncle G 22:01, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

New legitimate meaning not listed
Apologies, I don't have the programming background to be able to add a link to your page(s) on horse gaits. My understanding is that, while there are some horses that perform this gait naturally, many (if not most?) have to be trained to do it. I am referring to the gait which gives Tennessee Walking horses their distinctive appearance, and contributes significantly to its name. EnglishHornDudeEnglishHornDude (talk) 21:12, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

Apologies, once again. I have figured out how to add a link to existing wiki-pages. I hope there will be no problems with this edition / addition. EnglishHornDudeEnglishHornDude (talk) 05:29, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rack


text:
Post mill

The post mill is the earliest type of European windmill. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single central vertical post. The vertical post is supported by four quarter bars. These are struts that steady the central post.

The body of the windmill can be turned around the central post to bring the sails into the wind. All post mills have an arm projecting from them on the side opposite the sails and reaching down to near ground level. With some, as at Saxtead Green, the arm carries a fantail to turn the mill automatically. With the others the arm serves to rotate the mill into the wind by hand.

The earliest post mills in England are thought to have been built in the 12th century. The earliest working post mill in England still used today is to be found at Outwood, Surrey. It was built in 1665. The earliest remaining example of a non-operational mill can be found in Great Gransden in Cambridgeshire, built in 1612. Their design and usage peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries and then declined after the introduction of high-speed steam-driven milling machinery. Many still exist today, primarily in Northern Europe and Great Britain. The term peg mill or peg and post mill (in which the "post" was the tailpole used to turn the mill into the wind) was used in north-west England, and stob mill in north-east England, to describe mills of this type.

Post mills dominated the scene in Europe until the 19th century when tower mills began to replace them. The advantage of the tower mill over the earlier post mill is that it is not necessary to turn the whole mill ("body", "buck") with all its machinery into the wind; this allows more space for the machinery as well as for storage.

Types of post mill
There are many variations amongst post mills.

Sunk post mill
The earliest post mills were quite small, and this led to problems with stability as they were liable to blow down in strong winds. A solution was found by burying the bottom of the trestle in a mound of earth. The last sunk post mills in England were at Warton, Lancashire, and Essington, Staffordshire.

Open trestle post mill
As mills were made bigger, it was found that the trestle did not need to be buried. Thus the open trestle post mills were built. The oldest surviving is at Great Gransden, Cambridgeshire. Others exist in the UK at Bourn, Cambridgeshire; Great Chishill, Cambridgeshire; Nutley, Sussex and Chillenden, Kent. Open trestle post mills are also found in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and in New England, USA.

Post mill with roundhouse
The space around the trestle could be used for storage, but was open to the weather. Mill owners started to build roundhouses around the trestles, and later mills were built with a roundhouse from new. This had the dual advantage of creating a covered storage area and protecting the trestle from bad weather. In Suffolk, millwrights would build post mills mounted on tall, two or three storey roundhouses, as at Saxtead Green.

Midlands post mill
In the Midlands and North West of England, the top of the roundhouse had a curb, and rollers affixed to the mill body enabled the roundhouse to bear some of the weight of the mill. Examples of Midlands post mills extant include Danzey Green mill, (preserved at Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings) and the mill at Wrawby, Lincolnshire.

Alternative ways to protect the trestle
In eastern Europe, instead of a roundhouse an "apron" was fitted to the bottom of the body of the mill, enclosing the trestle and thereby affording protection from the weather.

Hollow Post mill
Some post mills are hollow post mills. In these mills the main post is bored to take a driveshaft, similar to an Upright Shaft in a smock or tower mill. This enables the mill to drive machinery in the base or roundhouse. Hollow post mills were not common in the United Kingdom. In the Netherlands, they are called Wipmolen and were mostly used for drainage. In France, the Moulin Cavier was a type of hollow post mill used for corn milling.

Composite mill
A few mills looked like post mills, but were not post mills. These composite mills often had a post mill body mounted on a short tower resembling a roundhouse, as at Banham and Thornham in Norfolk. Composite mills lack the central post on which the body of the post mill is mounted and turns upon to enable the mill to face the wind.

Paltrok mill
In the Netherlands and Germany, a variety of mill called the paltrok (Low German spelling Paltrock, from High German Pfalzrock (palisade skirt); the shape of the millhouse resembles that kind of garment) was built. Though similar in name and appearance, Dutch and German paltrok mills differ in historical and technical regard.

The Dutch paltrok mill was invented around 1600 and specifically designed for sawing wood. Several hundred have existed of this type of windmill; however, only five paltrok mills remain in the Netherlands, at Zaanse Schans, Haarlem, Zaandam, Amsterdam and at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem. Dutch paltrok mills are, like post windmills, supported on a central wooden post around which the entire millhouse rotates. The central post, however, is short and, to provide stability, a rim bearing is added on a brick base, on which the millhouse rotates with numerous rollers. Side extensions protect the sawing floor and workmen from the weather.

German paltrok mills were commonly converted from post mills where the post and trestle were replaced by a wooden or iron rim bearing, set into the ground or on a brick base. The millhouse was enlarged and supported on this rim by numerous rollers or small wheels. These mills are technically composite mills although the tower is very short and of large diameter. This type of mill provided more internal space than a post mill and was cheaper than the alternative of erecting a smock mill.

title: Post mill


text:
Flag of Kentucky

The flag of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was adopted on March 26, 1918. In June 1962, it was slightly redesigned.

History
The flag was designed by Jesse Cox Burgess, an art teacher in Frankfort, the state capital of Kentucky. It was adopted by the Kentucky General Assembly on March 26, 1918. In June 1962, the flag was standardized.

Design
The flag consists of the Commonwealth's seal on a navy blue field, surrounded by the words "Commonwealth of Kentucky" above and sprigs of goldenrod, the state flower, below.

The seal depicts a pioneer and a statesman embracing. Popular belief claims that the buckskin-clad man on the left is Daniel Boone, who was largely responsible for the exploration of Kentucky, and the man in the suit on the right is Henry Clay, Kentucky's most famous statesman. However, the official explanation is that the men represent all frontiersmen and statesmen, rather than any specific persons.

In 2001, the North American Vexillological Association surveyed its members on the designs of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state, and U.S. territorial flags; Kentucky's flag was ranked 66th.

Pledge
In 2000, the General Assembly adopted the following pledge of allegiance to the flag of Kentucky:

I pledge allegiance to the Kentucky flag, and to the Sovereign State for which it stands, one Commonwealth, blessed with diversity, natural wealth, beauty, and grace from on High."

title: Flag of Kentucky


text:
Rick Law

Rick Law (born December 15, 1969) is an American entertainment illustrator and producer, best known for his career with The Walt Disney Company. His work has spanned across all forms of popular entertainment media: films, TV, music, theme park, print, toys, and video games.

Early life
Law was born in Maryland, and had a turbulent early childhood, before moving at age 11 with his family to Salinas, California, where he attended Salinas High School and graduated a year and 1/2 early. As a 15 year old, Law created a t-shirt design that caught the attention of music artist Steve Taylor and won Law a record company promotion. In 1986, at age 16, Law first attended San Diego Comic-Con where he was further inspired by other artists and creators he met there.

Career
Law's first professional job came at age 17, designing logos for a real estate company. Law's previous interaction with Taylor and his record company, eventually led Law to additional opportunities in creating art and working with others in the music industry including Amy Grant, MTV, Arista Records, Tower Records, Mariah Carey, The Choir and Pat Boone.

Law's early efforts at producing included arranging concerts for performer Rich Mullins in Salinas. Law was also a founder and created the original logo art for the Spirit West Coast music festival in Monterey, CA.

Law's initial foray into Hollywood came about during a 1988 trip to Los Angeles with a friend. Seeking a way to sneak into the Paramount Pictures movie studio became a chance encounter with director Richard Donner who allowed Law permission to visit his Scrooged set and access to the studio lot.

In 1989 Law was a consultant for The Arsenio Hall Show. One of his observations on the initial shows' studio audience was to highlight those audience members who had less than optimal seating. The result was the creation of the recurrent "Dog Pound" comedy bit.

Law's first movie poster design was for the 1992 Paramount Pictures film Leap of Faith starring Steve Martin.

In 1995 Law created the supernatural themed black & white comic series Beyond the Veil, both writing and illustrating the series.

In 1996, Law illustrated Pond and Stream : Habitats ISBN 1557995680 for children's educational publisher Evan-Moor.

Law began working with The Walt Disney Company in 1993. Over the course of his diverse career as a content creator with the company he has held a variety of roles. Law created cover art for a number of the studio's video, DVD, & Blu-Ray releases. Some of those include: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad; The Lion King II: Simba's Pride; Mulan; The Rescuers Down Under; 101 Dalmatians; Tinker Bell; Piglet's Big Movie; Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo; Tarzan & Jane; Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas, and the first three 'Buddies' films: Air Buddies, Snow Buddies, and Space Buddies. He has been a story contributor; and created or developed a myriad of products for the company and it's licensees. In 2009, Law started designing toys with his reinterpretations of Disney characters via toy manufacturer MINDstyle. In support of the release of Toy Story 3 in Asia, Law was a primary artist for the Alien Invasion Tour, which debuted at Times Square mall in Hong Kong, with artistic reinterpretations of the Toy Story alien character. Law was a creative lead in the design and launch of Disney English and was a consultant in the development of Shanghai Disneyland Park. As Creative Manager for Disney Learning, his responsibilities involved animation direction and creative oversight of all educational products globally, such as the first series designed for communicatively challenged children. In 2013, he was responsible for the creation of the Disney I Classici collectible trading card set with licensee Conad distributed throughout Italy.

He's been instrumental in fostering projects respective of both animation and the Disney legacy including the documentary Floyd Norman: An Animated Life, and exhibitions including the Walt Disney Family Museum exhibit: Awaking Beauty: The Art of Eyvind Earle.

As an independent producer, Law was an Associate Producer of the films: Drew: The Man Behind the Poster; Blue Like Jazz; Leonard Knight: A Man & His Mountain; and Executive Producer of the rock album Goliath by Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil. In 2017, Law created cover artwork for the King Never World War I themed EP All These Things and in 2020 he created cover artwork for the band's single Stick In The Mud.

Law has been a speaker at venues including The Walt Disney Family Museum, CTN Animation Expo, and San Diego Comic-Con. He is a member of the Comic Art Professional Society (CAPS) and has served as a board member of The Society of Illustrators of Los Angeles.

title: Rick Law


text:
Talk:January 2

January 2
Could you give reason for the removal of my edit to this date page? If there is none, please replace my edit so I don't have to.

Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jameslightell (talk • contribs) 18:26, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The event about the new Massachusetts law regarding marijuana was removed because it is not a globally notable event. Additionally, the event was not supported in a linked article.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 20:03, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The event about the new Massachusetts law is indeed a globally notable event in the worldwide initiative toward the end of cultural stigmatization of cannabis. Furthermore, several events listed on this very date page -- and I can only imagine several others -- are "not supported by a linked article."  Interestingly enough, had you taken the time to fully puruse the article for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, this event is, indeed, mentioned.  ACCORDINGLY, I invite you to remove every other event "not supported by a linked article" on the January 2 page by midnight tonight, elsewise I will be re-posting my edit.  FURTHERMORE if you are this concerned about such minor additions, perhaps you would be well advised to check every event for all 365 days of the year.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jameslightell (talk • contribs) 22:11, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm sure that you understand that it is very difficult to patrol every entry in the date articles and the newest entries get attention first, but I can assure you that the number of unsupported events is very small (perhaps one or two per page on average). I, personally, put a lot of effort into removing any entry that is not supported by a linked article and I can only speak for myself.  I know that there are many other editors that do the same.  You are correct that the event was supported in the linked article and that reason for removal was incorrect on my part (that wasn't the reason I removed it, but when you commented on my talk page, I remembered incorrectly).  The lack of notability still stands.  No one in India or the UK cares if a small state in the United States passes a law about marijuana and even if they did, it wouldn't still be notable in 20 years.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 15:05, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Sure, sure. Your claim of lack of notability cannot be supported by any fact, however.  My claim that it is indeed notable, however, is easily supported by not only nationwide media attention to this measure, but also remarks regarding it by several international news organizations.  I need not enumerate here, but just do a Google News search.  Apparently you will be amazed by just how notable it is.
 * It's indeed a great service you do for, essentially, all knowledge-loving persons of the world by facilitating the placement of accurate information in an easily accessible format, for free, on the web -- which is, if I am not mistaken the goal of the WikiMedia Foundation. Bearing this in mind, would it not be doing everyone you so conscientiously serve a great disservice by not erring on the side of too much information?
 * Just a thought. You obviously are more familiar with editting Wikipedia than I, so I'll leave the decision up to you, while respectfully disagreeing with your present one.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jameslightell (talk • contribs) 19:53, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Jett Travolta
Why Not Jett Travolta? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.146.26.165 (talk) 23:06, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Jett Travolta is not the subject of his own Wikipedia article. That is the minimum notability requirement for inclusion in the list. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 23:31, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Second New Year (South Africa)
The Cape Coloreds Tweede Nuwe Jaar I think belongs on this page. cape-town-new-years-carnival Slaves holiday Salsa New Year Wizzy… ☎ 08:14, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Twelve Days of Christmas
Hey Jerk,

What are you? Some kind of sadist? Today it's nine pipers piping! All they really want to do is chase the maids. The cows are upset and are stepping on those screeching birds. What am I going to do? The neighbors have started eviction proceedings against me.

You'll get yours.

Agnes

70.89.177.161 (talk) 20:07, 7 November 2015 (UTC)

Births and Deaths
Continuing the ongoing effort to reduce the size of the Births and Deaths sections to make them manageable, I'm removing some celebrities with few or no articles in other wikipedias, moving the entries to the appropriate Year in Topic article if they were not already present. This is in accordance with the guidelines. See discussions at Wikipedia_talk:Days_of_the_year.Deb (talk) 08:56, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

A mention should be made that US Goverment Offices Mail etc.Closed Jan 2nd
Seems that when Jan.2nd(i.e.Jan.2nd,2017) Falls on a Sunday the next day Jan.2nd is a US Fedeal Giverment Holiday! Thanks!Eddson storms (talk) 08:09, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Holidays and observances
The article states that 2 January is a holiday in Alsace (as well as in Switzerland and Liechtenstein). I am looking for a good source of information about this reference to Alsace. 2007AmazeImport (talk) 09:28, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Sounds to me like Berchtoldstag is a very informal celebration. We should consider removing it. Deb (talk) 14:38, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
 * It is definitely a public holiday in most of Switzerland. Busses run a Sunday service for example. Banks and post offices are closed and the processing of transactions is delayed until the next working day, - so it is formal here. I can't speak for Liechtenstein or in particular Alsace however, hence my query. 2007AmazeImport (talk) 15:41, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Perhaps I had better remove Alsace until a reference can be found. Deb (talk) 16:35, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

1991
At the time she took the oath of office as Mayor of Washington, D.C. Her name was Sharon Pratt Dixon.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.127.40.239 (talk) 02:25, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Czech
please change ((Czech)) to ((Czechs|Czech)) 2601:541:4580:8500:7882:3905:8517:22CF (talk) 15:24, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done Volteer1 (talk) 16:06, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 22 February 2022
January 2 → January 2nd – Same with my other ones on the dates. Jishiboka1 (talk) 02:37, 22 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Discussion moved to Talk:January 1. PrimeHunter (talk) 03:33, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:January 1 which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:01, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:January 2


text:
Talk:January 3

Bryant Gumbel reference
Rklawton, I saw that you removed the reference to Bryant Gumbel's signing off the today show, apparently because it is entertainment-related. I am personally of the oppinion that his leaving the show is notable enough, as we have things like Charles Shultz's last Peanuts strip (obviously more notable, but still entertainment.) Other, less important events and topics have been covered, so I see no reason why this should not. - Mys  e  kurity 08:26, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You name a more significant event (Shultz), but that doesn't prove your point. Name some less significant events that are listed in Date articles, and let's see if you have a case.  Rklawton 15:06, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Alright, remove it if you want, I really don't care. Just as long as this doesn't turn into "Gumbel to Gumbel", I'm ok. - Mys  e  kurity 19:30, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

You are more than OK. You are a scholar and a gentle-person. Rklawton 19:37, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Not a world event?
What exactly constitutes a "world event" worthy of being mentioned in the events section? Apparently, the legal declaration of the Turdus grayi, better known as the clay-colored robin or yiguirro, is not considered a world event even though it directly affected Costa Rican history. Costa Rica recognizes this bird as a national symbol, yet its declaration seems to be less important than the release of the last Peanuts comic strip. Since I do have a valid reference for this date, I'm adding it again. If somebody disagrees, please state here your reason. Bernalj90 00:06, 17 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't see how either of those two things can be seen as world events. Jim Michael (talk) 15:18, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

January 3, 1956 ... wrong date for...
Sirs, Ma'am, I was looking at the date of January 3, for what was listed there on the specific date of January 3, 1956, and found Mel Gibson was born on that date. It also lists "January 3, 1956 - Willy T. Ribbs, American race car driver" as being born on that date, however when you click on the link to his biography, it clearly says he was born on January 3, 1955. I just wanted to bring this to your attention, as I have not a clue as to how to fix it. Even getting to be able to add this note, as I am a novice to this, took a lot of effort in figureing out how. Thank you. Mark P. Phillips. MarkNancyP@comcast.net —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.56.183.239 (talk) 22:11, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

US Congresses
The United States Congress has been "meeting" at two year intervals starting and ending on January 3rd since 1935. It's not inauguration day, but does that qualify it as an "observance" of sorts? Boozinf (talk) 04:57, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

 * No. It isn't something that anyone takes notice of.  It isn't celebrated with a big party like inauguration day (and that is only in Washington).  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 16:44, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Earliest recorded use of the word "automobile" (in English)?
The search for the word in the NYT archives gives SCORES of exact results from many years before the date (January 3, 1899) purported in this article. The earliest result is from March 25, 1866. Now, these results obviously do not apply to what we now know as "automobile" - but that should be clarified in the article, IF its intention is encyclopedic.

And here is what the online Etymology dictionary (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=automobile) says:

''1883, in ref. to electric traction cars, from Fr. automobile (adj.), 1861, from Gk. auto- "self" + Fr. mobile "moving," from L. mobilis "movable." Meaning "self-propelled motor vehicle" is from 1895. The modern Gk. calls it autokineto "moved of itself." Automaker "manufacturer of automobiles" is from 1947.'' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.165.119.29 (talk) 12:20, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Undid revision 588994652 by 216.46.98.249 (talk)
An English football score/game is neither world changing or history altering. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Antiwesley (talk • contribs) 16:36, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

Twelve Days of Christmas
You rotten knucklehead,

Now it's ten ladies dancing! Those sluts have been dancing to the piper's music for so long that the cows have diarrhea. The Board of Health is threatening to condemn the place. I've had it, you stupid blockhead! I'm sicking the police on you!

One who means it.

Agnes

70.89.177.161 (talk) 20:10, 7 November 2015 (UTC)

The first day of Nakhatsenendyan toner
this does have a link, but only to a mention in a list of Armenian 'holidays' as pre-Christmas tradition. No article. Should be removed. --142.163.195.156 (talk) 14:47, 3 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks for pointing that out. —Bruce1eetalk 16:00, 3 January 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 22 February 2022
January 3 → January 3rd – Same with my others... Jishiboka1 (talk) 02:40, 22 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Discussion moved to Talk:January 1. PrimeHunter (talk) 03:34, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:January 1 which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:01, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:January 3


text:
Talk:January 4

Isaac Newton
Why isn't Isaac Newton's (new style) birthday on this page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.244.223.89 (talk) 12:16, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

 * What is a "new style" birthday? And why is it that, when you click on the link to Isaac Newton's page, it says his birthday is December 25th, 1642 (instead of January 4th, 1643)?  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:448:C300:6030:B485:F398:B454:2C08 (talk) 18:27, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * See Old Style and New Style dates. Toddst1 (talk) 18:30, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Because under the calendar in use in England at the time, March 25th was New Year's Day, NOT January 1st. December 31, 1642 was followed by January 1, 1642 and March 24 1642 was followed by March 25, 1643. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:A9B0:527F:4DB:E957:A60D:4DB (talk) 07:08, 4 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Since Isaac Newton's birthday has been added to the list since the original query back in 2012 I've added 'NS' and a link to match the usage of 'OS' for his birth as listed on the December 25 page. JezGrove (talk) 16:10, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

holidays and observances World Braille Day
World Braille Day does not have an article unto itself; it is simply listed on a list of UN holidays without further information. Does that satisfy our requirements? --2607:FEA8:FF01:4B63:2483:84A6:FE19:ADBA (talk) 15:35, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

 * No. Toddst1 (talk) 22:00, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:January 4