text:
Patria Pasi

The Patria Pasi (earlier known as the Sisu Pasi) is a Finnish-made six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) originally designed for Finnish Defence Forces. The first variant was produced in 1983 and serial production began in 1984. It was designed to operate with ease of use, simple structure and low-cost maintenance. The basic appearance and configuration of the Pasi is similar to most other wheeled APCs. The XA-180 and XA-185 are fully amphibious while other variants are not.

Development
In 1980, Sisu produced an XA-180 prototype for Finnish Army tests. It competed against two other prototypes, and was declared the winner of the trials in 1983. In December 1983, the Finnish Army ordered a first batch of fifty XA-180s. Nine were reserved for UN duties. The vehicle proved quite successful and more orders followed.

The vehicle's widely known nickname "Pasi", also a common given name of Finnish men, stems from the Finnish designation "panssari-Sisu" (armoured Sisu). The main superstructure is mainly manufactured from 6 to 12 mm of armoured steel. The bottom is mine-strengthened. The front windows are bullet-resistant and equipped with protective hatches. The vehicle has continuous six-wheel drive and good capabilities for off-road driving. It can take inclines up to a maximum of 60°.

The Pasi has no standard armament, but is equipped with a rotating turret structure for eventual installations of light/heavy machine guns or autocannons. It has 8 BMP style firing ports on the sides and rear. Therefore, passengers, usually a squad of infantry, can fire their weapons from the cover of the armor.

The Pasi is popular in peacekeeping missions due to its mobility, non-aggressive appearance, and good protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IED). The vehicle offers a good combination of armament, comfort, mine protection, protection against shrapnel and small calibre fire, road speed, short time of learning how to drive, and an acceptable terrain mobility. It offers more internal space compared to other similar APCs like the Fuchs or the BTR-80.

The early variants of the Pasi (such as the XA-180 and XA-185) were manufactured by Sisu Auto until 1997, when its defense subsidiary Sisu Defence Oy was acquired by Patria. The later variants (such as the XA-202 and XA-203) were then manufactured by Patria until 2003, when the then new Patria AMV entered serial production. By then, over 1,300 Pasis had been produced.

Operational service
The Pasi has seen service in several conflict areas, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Eritrea, Golan Heights, Iraq, Kosovo, Lebanon, Macedonia, Namibia, Liberia, Somalia and Chad.

The Pasi has been used by the Finnish police in sieges and SWAT operations.

In 2018, Estonia deployed five XA-188s to Mali as part of Estonia's contribution to Operation Barkhane.

In 2022, Finland reportedly donated an unknown number of XA-180/185s to Ukraine as part of a military and humanitarian aid package following the escalations of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. At least ten have been lost in combat.

Versions

 * Sisu XA-180: Original six-wheeler, carries crew of 2 and 16 troops. Empty weight ca. 12 tonnes.
 * Sisu XA-185: Upgraded version, carries crew of 2 and 18 troops. Has a more powerful engine and improved power transmission. Used as an ambulance in the Norwegian Army.
 * Patria XA-186:Upgraded armour. Armoured and equipped with machine-assisted gun turret (.50 BMG). Cannot swim because of the heavy armour. Empty weight ca 19 tonnes. Engine and transmission same as XA-185.
 * Patria XA-188:Used by the Royal Netherlands Army.
 * Patria XA-202/203: The 200 series looks a little different from older variants due to increased armour. It lacks amphibious capabilities but can wade through water that is up to 1.5 m deep. The improved armour protects the passengers against up to 14.5 mm small arms fire. It is equipped with modern optical aids like periscopes and night vision. The armor upgrade was initiated after the realisation that the previous armor was inadequate, even modern armor-piercing 7.62 mm ammunition could pierce the older XA-180 and XA-185 models in certain areas. The XA-202 was originally developed for Communications and Command. The XA-203 variant was made as a temporary replacement for the earliest XA-185s, and is intended to be replaced by Patria AMVs in Finnish service.

In addition to standard variants, there are numerous sub-versions for specific missions, e.g. ambulance, command & communications, electronic warfare, air defence, radar surveillance, firefighting and anti-tank variants among others.

Operators

There are five original customers of the Pasi: Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, while a large number have been leased to other military forces of the world.

Current operators
Also the following versions exist:
 * 🇦🇹 Austria: Austrian Army, in UNDOF service.
 * 🇪🇪: Estonian Army
 * XA-180EST, modernized variant of the XA-180
 * In 2010, Estonia purchased an additional 81 units of XA-188 from the Netherlands.
 * 🇫🇮: Finnish Army, Finnish Navy, Finnish Air Force, Finnish Police. 425 XA-180s and 185s, 148 XA-200s
 * XA-180, most upgraded to 185 specs, and configured with special communications equipment
 * XA-181 built for Crotale NG independent air defence unit
 * XA-182, equipped with Jantronic J-1000/Giraffe Mk IV radar
 * XA-185, the most common version, most of the Finnish vehicles are armed with a 12.7 mm NSV machine gun. One prototype equipped with the BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missile system.
 * XA-202 command and signals vehicle, configured with special communications equipment
 * VIPA (ViestiPasi, communication vehicle using the YVI-2, Yhtymän Viestijärjestelmä, "brigade and corps level communication system")
 * ELSO (ELektroninen SOdankäynti, ELINT, electronic warfare) sub-version of VIPA.
 * EPA (EsikuntaPAsi, brigade command post vehicle)
 * KOPA (KOmentoPAsi, battalion command post vehicle)
 * SUTI (SUojeluTIedustelu), NBC reconnaissance vehicle
 * TUPA (TUlenjohtoPAsi, fire observer and artillery command post vehicle)
 * XA-203, the last generation APC replacing the oldest vehicles of the XA-185 series, except for regular APCs and ambulances,
 * Ambulance
 * Units used by the Finnish police are on loan from the Finnish military to police special unit and used in extreme situations.
 * 🇬🇭: In UN service.
 * 🇳🇴: Norwegian Armed Forces. 75 vehicles.
 * XA-185, in service with several units primarily in the ambulance configuration.
 * XA-186, in service with the HMKG and Basesett 1 located at Ørland Main Air Station. In 1994–1996, 22 wagons of the XA-186 model were manufactured in Norway. Of these, 18 were crew cars, two control cars, one ambulance and one repair vehicle. Norway is the only operator of the XA-186 worldwide.
 * XA-203N, formerly in service with the 2nd Battalion. 30 vehicles converted to MRSP (ambulance configuration) after 2017.
 * 🇷🇺: Russian Armed Forces. 1 captured from Ukrainian Army
 * 🇸🇪: Swedish Army. ~200 vehicles in total.
 * Pansarterrängbil XA-180/XA-185, XA-180(/185) armed with 12,7x99mm HMG. 70 vehicles delivered from 1988, mainly in UN service.
 * Pansarterrängbil 202, XA-202S as command and control vehicles, Swedish special variant
 * Pansarterrängbil 203A, XA-203 equipped with the turret from Pbv 302 APC's, armed with a 20 mm gun, in 7 configurations like ambulance (unarmed), AT-missile, CBRN-detection, field repairs and so forth.
 * Pansarterrängbil 203B, the turret is replaced with the weapon-station Protector Nordic.
 * 🇺🇦: Ukrainian Army. Unknown number of vehicles donated during the Russo-Ukrainian war. As of February 2024 it has been visually confirmed that 5 units have been destroyed, 2 abandoned and 1 captured by Russian forces.
 * 🇺🇳 UN: A large number of Sisu XA-180 vehicles are used by UNIFIL forces in southern Lebanon.
 * 🇺🇳 UN: A large number of Sisu XA-180 vehicles are used by UNIFIL forces in southern Lebanon.

Former operators

 * The Danish Army leased eleven XA-185s, including ambulance versions, for use with UN troops, 4 were used in Bosnia, 4 in Kosovo, 3 for training purpose in Denmark.
 * 🇮🇪: The Irish Army had two XA-180s, formerly as training vehicles for soldiers preparing for service in South Lebanon. Retired in 2012.
 * 🇳🇱: The Dutch Army and Netherlands Marine Corps purchased 90 XA-188s, 81 of which were later sold to Estonia.
 * XA-188 GVV (early 200-series variant) Used by army and marines, equipped with GPS and satcom, armament MG or .50cal
 * XA-188 GWT Ambulance

title: Patria Pasi


text:
Niche (architecture)

In architecture, a niche ( CanE, or ) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs.

Etymology
The word derives from the Latin nidus (lit. 'nest'), via the French niche. The Italian nicchio (lit. 'sea-shell') may also be involved in the origin of the word, as the traditional decoration for the top of a niche is a scallop shell, hence also the alternative term of "conch" for a semi-dome, usually reserved for larger exedra. As early as the 4th century, such architectural features, or the frame surrounding them are called tabernacles. This definition extends to the ornamentation or framework surrounding doors, windows and niches.

Types
A blind niche is a very shallow niche, usually too shallow to contain statues, and may resemble a blind window (a window without openings) or sealed door. (Compare: blind arcade)

In Gothic architecture, a niche may be set within a tabernacle framing, like a richly decorated miniature house (aedicula), such as might serve for a reliquary. The backings for the altars in churches (reredos) can be embedded with niches for statues.

Though a niche in either Classical or Gothic contexts may be empty and merely provide some articulation and variety to a section of wall, the cult origins of the niche suggested that it be filled with a statue.

In the Encyclopedia Methodique, the authors divide niches into different classes. The classes refer to the shape of the plan and the head (top and bottom), the ornamentation, and entablature. They vary according to their characteristics, from simple to extremely ornate.

Examples
One of the earliest buildings which uses external niches containing statues is the Church of Orsanmichele in Florence, built between 1380 and 1404. The Uffizi Palace in Florence (1560–81) modified the concept by setting the niche within the wall so it did not protrude. The Uffizi has two dozen or so such niches containing statues of great historical figures. In England, the Uffizi style niches were adopted at Montacute House (c. 1598), where there are nine exterior niches containing statues of the Nine Worthies.

In Fra Filippo Lippi's Madonna, the trompe-l'œil niche frames her as with the canopy of estate that was positioned over a personage of importance in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Europe. At the same time, the Madonna is represented as an iconic sculpture who has "come alive" with miraculous immediacy. In Iran, a Mihrab is a type of niche in the wall of a mosque at the point nearest to Mecca toward which the congregation faces to pray. This is The Great Mosque of Cordoba, It's Mihrab is formed of small, glazed glass tiles and plaster creating a mosaic.

Niches aren't only one sided as is the case of the Porta Maggiore where niches flank both sides of the gate and at one time displayed statues. Small Roman temples called Aedicula were often decorated with niches. For example, an aedicula on Lake Albano in Italy has six niches of varying heights, suggesting that anything up to the height of the statue could be accommodated.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Niche (architecture)


text:
Przymorze Małe

Przymorze Małe is one of the districts of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. The district is charazterized by medium-size apartment blocks, family housing and small industry. It contains the SKM (Quick Urban Railway) stop Gdańsk Przymorze-Uniwersytet, and on its border with Oliwa lies the Oliwa Train Station.

The district is bordered by the districts of Oliwa, Żabianka-Wejhera-Jelitkowo-Tysiąclecia, Zaspa-Młyniec and Przymorze Wielke

title: Przymorze Małe


text:
March Madness (disambiguation)

March Madness usually refers to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament; it also refers to:

Sports

 * NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
 * NCAA March Madness (TV program), the branding used for television coverage of the men's tournament on CBS, TBS, TNT and TruTV, and the women’s tournament on ABC and the ESPN networks.
 * NCAA Basketball series (formerly March Madness series), a video game series
 * Mega March Madness, a defunct pay-per-view television package covering the men's tournament
 * Illinois High School Boys Basketball Championship, a high-school basketball tournament

Other uses

 * "March madness", the main part of the breeding season of the European hare
 * "March Madness" (song), by Future, 2015
 * March Mammal Madness, a simulated competition among non-human mammals

title: March Madness (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Atelidae

How many families of New World monkeys?
This article refers to "the four families of New World monkeys", but New World monkeys says "New World monkeys are the five families of primates". Are there four or five? 68.83.240.41 (talk) 01:02, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Depends on who you ask. There have historically been lots of different classification of platyrrhines. The main current disagreement (the probable cause of the discrepancy you noted) is whether the Callitrichidae and Cebidae should be included in a single family or not. Ucucha 02:09, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Which is largest?
The article directly contradicts itself. In the first paragraph we have "...and woolly spider monkeys (the latter being the largest of the New World monkeys)" and in the second paragraph "... with the howler monkeys being the largest ..." My reading of Guatemalan black howler and woolly spider monkey indicates that the second paragraph is correct.

Jlittlenz (talk) 12:17, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Fossil NWM reorganization
Please see the discussion at Talk:List_of_fossil_primates_of_South_America. Thanks! - UtherSRG (talk) 20:22, 12 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Atelidae


text:
Zaspa

Zaspa (Saspe) is one of the quarters of Gdańsk, Poland, located in the northern part of the city. It is divided into two administrative districts: Zaspa-Młyniec and Zaspa-Rozstaje.

Zaspa was founded on a place previously occupied by an airport. The concrete airstrip of the airport was not dismantled, and now forms the axis of the district.

Zaspa buildings are mainly high-rise condominiums (between 4 and 12 stories high) erected in the early 1980s and additional thermal isolation in the form of styrofoam sheets was applied in the early 2000s. In the following years the buildings were also painted in pastel colours.

History
As part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland it was a private church village of the Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa, administratively located in the Gdańsk County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

During World War II, on October 5, 1939, the Germans carried out an execution of 39 Poles, defenders of the Polish Post Office in Gdansk, in the district. There are memorials to the defenders at the site of the execution and at the site of their former mass grave, which was discovered in 1991. The defenders were then officially buried at the cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany in Zaspa in 1992.

During the Solidarity times, Lech Wałęsa had an apartment on Zaspa. The pope John Paul II visited the district on 12 June 1987 during his third pilgrimage to Poland.

Sights
The Park Zaspa is one of the largest public parks in Gdańsk, and the large cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany is also located in Zaspa.

Transport
The Gdańsk Zaspa railway station is located in Zaspa.

Religion
Catholic churches of Saint Casimir and of Divine Providence are located in Zaspa.

title: Zaspa


text:
User talk:Zora

 * 2004 1
 * 2005 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 * 2006 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
 * 2007–2009 1

Namecalling
To whoever left the insulting message on my talkpage, unsigned -- that was rude and cruel. Call me an alien if you want, but don't throw misogynistic slurs my way. Zora (talk) 09:35, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Please come back
Hi Zora. The Bollyeood project on here has ground to a halt. We no longer have editors like you and Pa7 around to improve content like we used to. BollywoodDreamz has little time for wikipedia anymore with uni committments and a lot of Shahid's time is spent reverting stupid edits and fighting silly editors. Please consider returning and restoring order once again. We could hhonestly do with several hundred Zoras to keep the project in order and to improve the quality of content. Regards. ‡ Himalayan ‡ ΨMonastery 12:24, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I second that. I think you were an amazing editor, and one of my favourite. I'm really sorry if you consider me as one of those "loons or ignorant POV-pushing fanatics". I'm not a nationalist, I never was. I'm willing to learn, but in this particular case, I just respectfully disagree. Anupam in fact contacted you to have you back on here to reinforce his POV. I still appreciate you for the efforts. Shahid  •  Talk 2 me  20:31, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Warning
Zora, please do not change articles until consensus is reached. Do not use sections on which you add information to deviously add your POV. No colloquial register. The language of the films is Hindi and people watch them because of the similarity between the languages and because Urdu words have been used from time to time.. If you do it again, I'll request admin help. Thanks, Shahid  •  Talk 2 me  10:30, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

so...
how are you doing? It's been such a long time I don't think you even remember who I am :). Last time we talked, you were very stressed...thatdoesn't seem to have changed.  Hope all is well with you. GNU4eva (talk) 21:43, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Talkback
Saw your edit after adding the talkback message—better...--Supertouch (talk) 18:21, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

yes, Zora, you're sorely missed, especially for Islam-related articles, where it's quite difficult to find un-emotional, serious editing. All the best Giordaano (talk) 08:29, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Bollywood
Zora, please assume good faith and do not revert editors who are much more experienced than you are. If you are reverting something which has been protested by someone else, kindly discuss on the talk page first, and then edit.

Secondly, mention of other specific film industries is NOT relevant in the lead of this article. This article is about Hindi cinema, not Telugu, not Marathi and not Tamil. If people want to know what the other parts of Indian cinema are, they can refer to that page. Also, the user mentioned only several industries, while there are much, much more. We are not here to make choices. If you wanna add something, then rephrase it first, do not leave it for others to fix.

You did not even check what the user added and where he added it. He actually inserted his text within a footnote, which is a very wrong format. Next time please check before reverting.

For now, I added a short clause which makes the sentence clearer. If you think you can rephrase it in a better way, that would be great. Shahid •  Talk 2 me  14:24, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

 * That certainly was not my meaning, and if you felt so, I apologise. I do not own the article and I think not even once have I ever shown such intents. First, I never "ordered" anything. Second, I did not ask you to consult me but use the talk page. Thirdly, I said that because your revert was totally inappropriate and insulting. You just restored a text which was placed within a footnote, that's improper formatting, and you should have checked it before. The first thing anyone would conclude from that is that you are not assuming good faith on them and reverting them just for the sake of reverting specifically their edits.
 * I am aware of all the incidents you had to go through, and I've actually felt the same when people like you indirectly accused me of being a nationalist, while I'm not. My religion is none of anyone else's business. I like editing and improving articles, not fighting over scripts, but I had an opinion, I still hold it, and several intelligent editors share the same view. When I joined Wikipedia, I appreciated your hard work, though frankly I recently got very disappointed by your attitude towards me, which includes being occasionally rude and mostly assuming bad faith on my part. I cannot accept that. That made me understand why many people did not get along with you at the time. Previously I used to think there was something wrong with them, not with you. But now...
 * Just like you tell me of your previous hard work, I collaborated with many editors who always expressed their appreciation, even those you used to interact with back in time, such as Plumcouch, Pa7, Grenavitar, etc., perhaps with the exception of Shez 15, who is no longer active, and it doesn't really matter now.
 * If you're back, then good for you, but I somehow feel you were constantly angry not only then, but now too. That's not how it should be on WP, you must have fun, otherwise this place is not for you (I'm not referring to you specifically but to the whole breed of WP editors).
 * Anyway, there is a new clause in the article which I think is very good, so this topic should be probably closed. Shahid  •  Talk 2 me  19:38, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of List of Indian film actors
I have nominated List of Indian film actors, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/List of Indian film actors&. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Sreejith K (talk) 10:47, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Bollywood scratch pad
User talk:Zora/Bollywood scratch pad

Non-free files in your user space
Hey there Zora, thank you for your contributions. I am a bot, alerting you that non-free files are not allowed in user or talk space. I removed some files I found on User talk:Zora/Bollywood scratch pad. In the future, please refrain from adding fair-use files to your user-space drafts or your talk page.

 * See a log of files removed today here.

 * Shut off the bot here.

 * Report errors here.

Thank you, -- DASHBot (talk) 05:01, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Hadith
I see that it has been protected which looking at the history for today is a good idea. Enter CBW, waits for audience applause, not a sausage. 14:55, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Semi-protected as well. Would have been quicker but I got logged out as I went from my talk page to the hadith page. Enter CBW, waits for audience applause, not a sausage. 07:34, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I've semi-protected it for a week. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 00:12, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

Histiography and nationlism
might be a good idea to include http://inventionofthejewishpeople.com/ or rather the work covering the creation of the jewish nation and histiography. 2.102.189.208 (talk) 01:25, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Not opening another front in the Israeli-Palestinian wars. No way. Zora (talk) 04:58, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Welcome back
=) GNU4eva (talk) 21:14, 10 September 2011 (UTC)

You're being quoted
Hi. This is just a courtesy note to let you know a comment you made five years ago has been quoted in the current discussion at Talk:Muhammad/images. --Anthonyhcole (talk) 13:22, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

Warning
Zora, your reversal of my edits, which go in accordance with policy, is completely unacceptable, and more so the rude way in which you have done it, which I'm not going to tolerate any longer. Stop thinking that your opinion matters the most, and before giving support to such claims as "enormous film empire" and "Stars, rather than plots, were often the driving force behind the films", and a whole unsourced block of original research, read WP:CITE and WP:OR and kindly familiarise yourself with the process of Wikipedia editing. The introduction has been this way for years, if you want to change it then discuss. And your constant assertions that Bollywood is not the Hindi film industry do not make much sense unless you can prove reality is wrong.

Yes, the first thing that a reader should see is indeed the language of a film industry (particularly when it comes to India, in which every film industry is sorted by language, basically), and the lingua franca of Bollywood is Hindi, as it is mentioned in possibly every Indian film article, and almost every source on the article. The use of Urdu is mentioned perfectly, its use has been fading, and today most films do not even have Urdu scripts in the opening credits. "Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema", the largest book written about this film industry, published by Britannica and written by the likes of Gulzar, as well as numerous other books which you can see on the net, acknowledge Bollywood as Hindi cinema, and this is how it has been known for years. Film certificates, too, mention Hindi as the language of Bollywood films, and the term Bollywood in indeed informal (and mind you, it is a term used to refer to the industry, not the industry itself).

Your attempts to erase them border on vandalism, and your penchant to accuse others of nationalism will not be taken lightly. Your insistence to see everything as negative and think that everyone is based on national grounds is of least interest to me. I'm not here to serve your agenda, and do not expect me, or anyone else, for that matter, to follow your personal preferences. Want to start another long discussion? Do it! But please do cite sources (which you never do, because everything you say is right, isn't it?) and do not feel you own Wikipedia because you do NOT.

Next time you revert, I will report you on ANI. Instead of dictating, enforcing your biased views, and coming here from time to time only to revert someone, I suggest you to contribute to the project by trying to improve it. I personally am trying to do it every day. Enough is enough. Shahid •  Talk 2 me  22:12, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Black Stone
The article Black Stone you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Black Stone for comments about the article. Well done! There is a backlog of articles waiting for review, why not help out and review a nominated article yourself? GoP T C N 08:47, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of List of Indian playback singers

The article List of Indian playback singers has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Multiple issues

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Nouniquenames (talk) 18:07, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I noticed your message on the talk page of the article. I was the one who proposed its deletion.  Since I used the PROD (PROposed Deletion) method, you can object to the proposed deletion.  Since it is a PROD, simply delete the tag from the top of the article to object and cancel the deletion process.  (Note that this only applies with a PROD, not a nomination into Articles for Deletion).  --Nouniquenames (talk) 15:24, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of List of Indian playback singers for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of Indian playback singers is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of Indian playback singers until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 21:58, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

Indian Cinema Task Force in the Signpost
The WikiProject Report would like to focus on the Indian Cinema Task Force for a Signpost article. This is an excellent opportunity to draw attention to your efforts and attract new members to the project. Would you be willing to participate in an interview? If so, here are the questions for the interview. Just add your response below each question and feel free to skip any questions that you don't feel comfortable answering. Multiple editors will have an opportunity to respond to the interview questions, so be sure to sign your answers. If you know anyone else who would like to participate in the interview, please share this with them. Have a great day. -Mabeenot (talk) 16:48, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Bukhari link
Zora, I saw you removed the link I added for a translation of Sahih al-Bukhari. In defense of putting it back up:

 * 1) The current and only link for Sahih al-Bukhari is down and has been down a while
 * 2) The current translation is missing a lot of hadith and has a lot of typos, and every single hadith (except the first two) have the wrong reference numbers.
 * 3) Sunnah.com is not a "religious" site, i.e. there is no preaching going on. It just has translations.
 * 4) The translator for both is actually the same - the version on sunnah.com has just been cleaned up more is all.

Mansari.uw (talk) 18:21, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

Reply on your review at Ibrahim ebi's talk page.
Thanks, for your elaborate review on the templates. ( Detailed reply is on my talk page ). -- Ibrahim ebi (talk) 09:35, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

Hadith
Zora, I was not implying that collecting hadith was unique to Shi'a. Please re-read my edit. However I do believe the phenomenon of compiling 100+ volume compilations that are in common circulation in the post-mediaeval period is uniquely Shi'i.

Currently the article implies that Shi'a only use 4 hadith books which is not true.

If you feel that I stated it in a misleading manner, why don't you edit what I wrote to make it clearer instead of just deleting it.

I would appreciate it if you would put my addition back, and if you feel it needs to be improved, all the better.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Gamma Draconis (talk • contribs) 19:36, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

Hadith - reply
With respect, I am a specialist in this area, and speaking from the perspective of knowledge of the subject area. I also referenced my additions. Your comment "I am sure that..." suggests that you are not specialized in this subject field.

I was doing my bit to improve the article which was clearly not appreciated.

Anyway...I am not going to sit here and fight over the page because I have better things to do, however in the future I would request that you take the time to investigate the subject area deeply before making revisions on things just based on your personal intuition.

Invitation
hi i want to invite you on to edit and watch edits going on barelvi and related articles.there is a serious wahabi pov push is going on this article including change of words modification of sentences.effort to show this movement in bad light. also these is a discussion on Wikipedia:Administrators'_noticeboard here.i think your input would be appritiated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.154.35.244 (talk) 08:24, 23 May 2013 (UTC)

Bukhari teachings
It wasn't my intent for that to be the only teaching, it's just one I came across, I figure there are ways to present the more important or controversial ones of note. Since it refers to the specific passage I figure it wasn't implying to represent the entire content. Ranze (talk) 01:58, 12 June 2013 (UTC)
 * It's not exactly just my own POV, the whole way I came across this was because of reading about it multiple reasons on various discussions about it. Anyway I don't see how it's PoV to pick one out, we can pick others out too and add them, if they're interesting, but still has to begin 1 at a time. If we never reproduce 1 line alone, we'd have to introduce many in one fell swoop and that's kinda hard.
 * Anyway why should we only be presenting what so-called "scholars" choose to look at versus what they ignore? Who establishes their reliability? What establishes their opinions as notable? Degrees from institutions which are notable because... ? Ranze (talk) 03:43, 13 June 2013 (UTC)

I guess I'm also concerned about neutrality, assuming they know more from having studied more, doesn't mean what they know will be presented. The issue here isn't even what it says, I already provided a reference (from the database we link at the bottom) showing it says that, just whether or not it should be highlighted. If we have already established enough notability of issues concerning Islam and LGBT for it to have its own page, wouldn't that establish the topic as notable enough to post any hadith phrases pertaining to the issue?

If not on the Bukhari page itself, would it warrant mentioning on the IaL article then? Ranze (talk) 06:16, 13 June 2013 (UTC)

Contact request regarding Xango
Hello, Zora. I remember you from the Xango page edits. I am interested in talking with you regarding Xango. Do you think there could be a chance?

Please email me to xangoscamcontact@gmail.com if you're interested. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.109.199.47 (talk) 22:11, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Succession to Muhammad Page
Hi Zora I noticed that you have been involved with the Succession to Muhammad page. I added some content into the Succession to Muhammad page but Kazemita1 keeps on removing it citing copy right violation even though I gave the references and the whole page is already full of quotes from various books. I want to avoid an edit war. I want to improve Wikipedia so that it contains researched scholarly content, that is useful to the readers. This whole article is full of people pushing their opinions. There needs to be a critical analysis of the content on this page. Various books have been written on this issues through out the ages and this content needs to be put into a table so that people could compare what was said when and by whom and why. Thanks --Johnleeds1

Hawaii edit-a-thon!
Hello. I'm interested in attempting to put together an edit-a-thon for Hawaiian cultural topics something during the Makahiki festival perhaps around the month of November. The hope is that our lackluster coverage of Hawaiian mythology could be improved with help from the Bishop Museum, Hawaii Pacific University, and the Honolulu public library. I am in the process of making initial contacts with these organizations as well as Wikimedia DC's GLAM project. If this sounds like something you might be interested in participating in, or perhaps helping to coordinate, could you please add your name to 2014 Makahiki Edit-a-thon?--v/r - TP 21:24, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

Looking for editors to help with an Asian Pacific American edit-a-thon in Honolulu
Aloha!

Last summer I moved to the Seattle area after 14 years in Kailua on Oahu. I immediately fell in with the Cascadia Wikimedians User Group as it formed, joined its board and became its first president as well as the GLAM representative for Washington State.

Recently, Adriel Luis, Curator (Digital & Emerging Media) at the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center, contacted me about setting up an edit-a-thon like the previous Wikipedia APA edit-a-thon. In addition to discussing one for Seattle, he wrote:

It's awesome to learn about your past in Honolulu - I'm actually going to be there for another SmithsonianAPA project mid September, and thinking that this could be an opportunity to do an event there as well! I have lots of contacts with UH and the museums, but do you know of any contacts on the Wikimedia side out there?

As I was working two jobs while I lived on Oahu, I did not have the opportunity to meet your or any other Wikipedians at the time. Hence, the reason why I am contacting you now.

If you would like to help, please contact me through one of these methods:
 * Email me directly at [mailto:peaceray@cascadia.wiki peaceray@cascadia.wiki]
 * Use Special:EmailUser/Peaceray to email me
 * Leave a message for me on my talk page.

Mahalo,

Content Dispute on Hadith and Criticism of Hadith, Please take a look
Hello,

Your neutral opinion on the content dispute currently on-going at Hadith and Criticism of Hadith will be appreciated. The discussion thread is at: Talk:Hadith. The main issue is the material sourced from Wael Hallaq's paper, sourced from JSTOR, but is also available at: http://www.globalwebpost.com/farooqm/study_res/islam/fiqh/hallaq_hadith.html

Thanks. c Ө de1+6  LogicBomb!  15:48, 21 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of List of singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema

A tag has been placed on List of singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

No sources

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, pages that meet certain criteria may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. TJH2018  talk  18:21, 25 March 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of List of singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. TJH2018  talk  03:40, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Aisha (Singer) listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Aisha (Singer). Since you had some involvement with the Aisha (Singer) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. AngusWOOF ( bark  •  sniff ) 17:57, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

Wives of prophet Muhammad.
Good evening, regarding your post about our holy prophet Muhammad wives, Rayhana and Maria were not concubines, they were both married to the holy prophet legally and lawfully made for him by Almighty Allah, and Allah SWT grant the holy prophet to marry wives without bride price, so even umu Maria bore the holy prophet a child which he named after the father of faith, Ibrahim (Abraham) and the holy prophet love Ibrahim so much. So pls help correct that concubine statement please. Thanks toliat.aderoju (talk) 19:00, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

Discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Hawaii § Campaign to upload Lāhainā photographs
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Hawaii § Campaign to upload Lāhainā photographs.

title: User talk:Zora


text:
Zaspa-Młyniec

Zaspa-Młyniec is one of the administrative districts of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. The quarter with mainly high buildings has been built on the runways of the former airport of Gdańsk (Lotnisko Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz). Around 1900 there had been the villages Saspe, Mühlenhof and a training area of the Prussian hussars.

There is an SKM (Rapid City Railway) stop called Gdańsk-Zaspa.

 * inhabitants: 16,471
 * area: 1.3 km2
 * population density 13,144/ km2

title: Zaspa-Młyniec


text:
Pei-Yuan Wei

Pei-Yuan Wei was a Taiwanese-American businessman who created ViolaWWW, the first popular graphical web browser.

Career
Pei-Yuan Wei was born in Pingtung County, Taiwan. He graduated from Berkeley High School in 1986. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and was a member of the student club, the eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF).

In the 1990s, Wei was a founding employee of Global Network Navigator, one of the first Internet-based businesses. Later he worked for various Palm OS-related businesses. Since 2008, Perry has lived in both Taiwan and the US, devoting most of his time to taking care of his ill family member.

Controversy
Pei-Yuan Wei was at the center of a controversy over patents relating to embedded objects in a web browser, which revolves around whether his browser, ViolaWWW, had the capability to launch embedded objects, prior to the date a patent was filed by Michael David Doyle of Eolas, and the University of California. If it did, it would constitute prior art, which may invalidate the patent issued to Eolas. If it did not, in addition to major financial penalties against such companies as Microsoft, the way the World Wide Web and the way browsers that surf it work may be forced to change.

Eolas' claim was eventually found invalid by a Texas court.

title: Pei-Yuan Wei


text:
Rudniki, Gdańsk

Rudniki is a district of Gdańsk, Poland, located in the eastern part of the city. It is a predominantly industrial district and the Gdańsk Oil Refinery of Grupa Lotos is located within its borders.

title: Rudniki, Gdańsk


text:
Olszynka

Olszynka (Walddorf; Òlszinka) is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.

title: Olszynka


text:
Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce

'''Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce''' (Ohra - Sankt Albrecht - Guteherberge; Òruniô-Sw. Wòjcech-Lëpicz) is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.

History
Ohra (Orunia) was an estate of Arthur Schopenhauer's family, his grandfather, Andreas Schopenhauer, died here in 1794.

title: Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce


text:
Flag of Montana

The flag of the state of Montana consists of the image of the Montana state seal centered on a blue field.

History
Within the seal, a plow, shovel, and pick rest in a field in front of the Great Falls of the Missouri River. The ribbon contains the state motto, ORO Y PLATA, which is Spanish for “gold and silver". The current flag was adopted in 1905, and the word “MONTANA” above the seal was added in 1981. In 1985, the flag was again modified to specify the font used in “MONTANA”: Helvetica Bold. Before it was adopted as a state flag, it was used by Montana troops deploying for the Spanish–American War.

The North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) declared the flag of Montana to be the third worst state/provincial flag, 70th in a field of 72 in a list that contained all the provinces of Canada, U.S. states and U.S. territories. Georgia's flag was named the worst, but has since been changed, and Nebraska's flag was named second worst. NAVA stated that about half of U.S. states used blue fields making them difficult to distinguish and the survey ranked flags with words and complex seals the lowest.

title: Flag of Montana


text:
Chełm i Gdańsk-Południe

Chełm i Gdańsk Południe (Stolzenberg und Danzig Süden) has been an administrative district (dzielnica administracyjna) of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.

Between 2010 and 2019 it was divided in the districts of:
 * Chełm
 * Jasień
 * Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe
 * Ujeścisko-Łostowice

title: Chełm i Gdańsk-Południe


text:
Śródmieście, Gdańsk

Śródmieście ('city centre'; Westrzódgardzé) is a district (dzielnica) of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Śródmieście is commonly referred to as Main City, Old City, or simply Gdańsk, since the quarter is equivalent to the traditional area of the city.

Location
The quarter is located in the centre-eastern part of Gdańsk, on the River Motława to its west and east. To its north-east, the quarter borders the Przeróbka quarter on Port Island by the Martwa Wisła River. To its south and east, the quarter is bordered by the Opływ Motławy, via which the quarter borders the quarters of Rudniki, Olszynka and Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce. To the south-west of Śródmieście, via Biskupia Górka, the quarter borders Chełm, to the west with Siedlce. Śródmieście borders Aniołki and Młyniska to its north.

Quarter subdivisions

The following morphological units are located in Śródmieście:

Transport
The Gdańsk Główny and Gdańsk Śródmieście railway stations are located within the district, with the former being the second busiest railway station in the Tricity and ninth busiest station in Poland (as of 2021).

title: Śródmieście, Gdańsk


text:
Młyniska

Młyniska (Schellmühl) is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.

Notable residents

 * Georg Voigt (politician) (1866–1927), politician

title: Młyniska


text:
Aniołki

Aniołki (, Janiółczi; lit. Little Angels) is one of the quarters of Gdańsk in Poland.

Location
Aniołki is located in the centre of the city, mainly around Victory Alley. It borders Wrzeszcz Górny and Wrzeszcz Dolny in the north, Młyniska in the east, Śródmieście and Siedlce in the south, and Suchanino in the west.

History
The name of Aniołki comes from the Church of St. Michael and All the Heaven's Angels, where an old tank currently stands as a statue. The church's ruins were uncovered in 2021.

Near the quarter of Brama Oliwska, a railway station (built in 1870) functioned that was the main connection to most of Pomerania. Around 1900, the Gdańsk Główny railway station was built and the station was destroyed.

In 1896, the ruins of a cemetery were removed and replaced with Steffens Park, named after Otto Steffens.

In 1946, the ruins of the Church of St. Michael and All the Heaven's Angels were replaced with a T-34 tank.

title: Aniołki


text:
Wzgórze Mickiewicza

Wzgórze Mickiewicza (Nowé Ùjescëskò) is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. It was established on 5th October 1954 in the area of the village of Nowe Ujeścisko (Neuwonneberg) which was renamed to after the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. It is literally translated into English as "The Hillock of Mickiewicz". Wzgórze Mickiewicza borders with two other districts of Gdańsk: Siedlce and Chełm i Gdańsk Południe. It is situated close to the Gdańsk cemetery Cmentarz Łostowicki.

Most streets are named after the characters of Mickiewicz's book Pan Tadeusz (e.g. Ulica Jacka Soplicy, Ulica Telimeny). Some of them bear the names of the characters of other works (e.g. Ulica Świtezianki, Ulica Rusałki) by Mickiewicz or of people connected with the poets life (e.g. Ulica Maryli, Ulica Filaretów).

title: Wzgórze Mickiewicza


text:
Brętowo

Brętowo (Brentau; Brãtowò) is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. It includes 2 osiedles, Niedźwiednik and Matemblewo, that are located inside Oliwa forests.

History
The area of the settlement belonged to the Cistercian abbey in Oliwa, which operated a mill, and was first mentioned in 1570 as Bringenthute. In the late 16th century it was property of the Schröer family from Danzig (Gdańsk) and consisted of the Schöer manor and a mill. In the 18th century an inn and two coppersmiths operated in the village.

In the First Partition of Poland, in 1772, the settlement was annexed by Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. In 1784, it was called Brentau. In 1885, it was inhabited by 216 people, a two-class school existed. In 1910 it consisted of 224 farm- and 76 residential buildings, inhabited by 1,179 people. The Forges and a grain mill still operated. In 1913, Brentau was connected to the railway line from Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz) to Kokoschken (Kokoszki). Following World War I it became part of the newly formed Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk). In the mid-1930s, the village occupied 372 ha and was inhabited by 1,845 people. On 15 August 1933 it was incorporated into the city limits of Danzig. In 1939, along with the city, it was annexed by Nazi Germany. Following Germany's defeat in World War II, in 1945, it became again part of Poland. In 1949, its Polish name Brętowo was officially confirmed.

Transport
The old (closed and now re-opened) railway track from Wrzeszcz to Kartuzy goes through the quarter, with Gdańsk Brętowo (PKP station) being the former station. As few railway bridges had been destroyed, their remnants were used by alpinists to train until the railway got reconstructed.

title: Brętowo


text:
Cliff Arquette

Clifford Charles Arquette (December 28, 1905 – September 23, 1974) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for performing comedic routines as his alter-ego Charley Weaver on numerous television and radio shows.

Early life and career
Cliff Arquette was born on December 27 1905, in Toledo, Ohio, the youngest of four children born to Winifred Ethel Clark (July 30, 1878 – February 12, 1966) and Charles Augustus Arquette (October 23, 1878 – August 12, 1927), a vaudevillian. His siblings were Naomi "Jane" Arquette Hammett (1899–1934), Russell Arquette (1901–1982), and Lester Kear Arquette (1904–1969). Cliff was of part French-Canadian descent, and his family's surname was originally "Arcouet". Cliff Arquette fathered a son named Alden Arquette in 1921 when he and his girlfriend were 16. Their marriage was annulled (there is no record of the marriage) but there is a record of Alden's birth.

Arquette is credited for inventing the modern rubber theatrical prosthetic mask, which was flexible enough to allow changing facial expressions, and porous enough to allow air to reach the actor's skin.

Arquette had been a performer in radio, theatre, and motion pictures until 1956, when he retired from show business. At one time, he was credited with performing in 13 different daily radio shows at different stations in the Chicago market, getting from one studio to the other by way of motorboats along the Chicago River through its downtown. One such radio series he performed on was The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok.

Arquette and Dave Willock had their own radio show, Dave and Charley, in the early 1950s, as well as a television show by the same title that was on the air for three months. It was when Arquette performed on the shows that he created and inaugurated his performances as his eventual trademark character of Charley Weaver.

Charley Weaver
Arquette accepted Jack Paar's invitation to appear on Paar's NBC Tonight Show in 1957. Arquette had previously created the character of "Charley Weaver, the wild old man from Mount Idy". He would read a letter from his "Mamma" back home. This characterization proved so popular that Arquette almost never again appeared in public as himself, but almost always as Charley Weaver, complete with his squashed hat, little round glasses, rumpled shirt, broad tie, baggy pants, and suspenders. Arquette could often convulse Paar and the audience into helpless laughter by way of his timing and use of double entendres in describing the misadventures of his fictional family and townspeople. As Paar noted, in his foreword to Arquette's first Charley Weaver book:

"Sometimes his jokes are old, and I live in the constant fear that the audience will beat him to the punch line, but they never have. And I suspect that if they ever do, he will rewrite the ending on the spot. I would not like to say that all his jokes are old, although some have been found carved in stone. What I want to say is that in a free-for-all ad lib session, Charley Weaver has and will beat the fastest gun alive."

Arquette, as Charley Weaver, hosted Charley Weaver's Hobby Lobby on ABC from September 30, 1959, to March 23, 1960. He also appeared as Charley Weaver on The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show in 1962.

In 1960, Arquette was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to radio.

Later career and legacy

Arquette's Charley Weaver character was a fixture on the TV game show Hollywood Squares for many years, always sitting in the lower left corner of the tic-tac-toe board. As a rule, he was given questions about American History, and as a rule, his answers were correct.

A Civil War buff, Arquette opened the Charley Weaver Museum of the Civil War in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in the 1950s. The museum was housed in a building that had served as headquarters for General O.O. Howard during the Battle of Gettysburg, and remained in operation for about ten years. The site later became the Soldier's National Museum, and closed in early November 2014.

Arquette spent some time hospitalized in the early 1970s due to heart disease. He suffered a stroke in 1972 that kept him off of Hollywood Squares for some time.

Death
Arquette died in Burbank, California, following a stroke on September 23, 1974. He was 68 years old.

Selected bibliography

 * Charley Weaver's Letters from Mamma (with introduction by Jack Paar; John C. Winston Co., 1959)
 * Charley Weaver's Family Album (These Are My People) (John C. Winston Co., 1960)
 * Things Are Fine in Mount Idy (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960)

Discography

 * Charley Weaver Sings for His People (Music direction by Charles (Puddin' Head) Dant and the Mt. Idy Symphonette, Columbia HF LP, Artist: Charley Weaver, Release date: 1959)
 * Let's Play Trains with Cliff Arquette (Edited by H.W. Dunn, Produced by H. Krasne, Sound Effects by Ralph Curtiss and Byron Winett, Columbia HL 9513 (Harmony) LP, Release Date: 1960)

title: Cliff Arquette


text:
Flag of Nevada

The flag of the U.S. state of Nevada consists of a cobalt blue field with a variant of the state's emblem in the upper left-hand corner. The emblem constitutes a silver star (a reference to the state's nickname, the Silver State), with the state's name below. Above the star is a golden-yellow scroll with the words "Battle Born", one of the state's mottos (in reference to Nevada becoming a state during the American Civil War). Below the star and state name are two sprays of green sagebrush (the state flower) with yellow flowers.

History
The first flag of Nevada was created by Governor John Sparks and Colonel Harry Day in 1905. It was based strongly on Nevada's natural resources of gold and silver. The blue of the flag was based directly on the color of the flag of the United States.

The current flag had its origin in a design contest announced in 1926. The winning design, by Louis Shellback III, was subjected to some revision in the state legislature, where there was disagreement between the two houses over the placement of the word "Nevada" on the flag. A compromise was reached, and in 1929 Governor Fred B. Balzar signed into law a bill adopting the new flag. In 1989, however, a legislative researcher discovered that the bill as sent to and signed by the governor did not accurately reflect the 1929 legislative agreement. The flag used from 1929 until it was revised in 1991 displayed the letters of the word "Nevada" in a complete circle around the flag's single star, with the "N" of Nevada at the uppermost tip of the star indicating its "northern" position in the civil war, and with each of the other letters of the word Nevada located in the spaces between the remaining points of the star, displaying near each junction of the star's pentagonal center. Thus, "Nevada" was spelt from the "N" at the top, radiating clockwise E, V, A, D, A, in the spaces between the star's points. A law enacted in 1991 directed that the word "Nevada" appear below the star and above the sagebrush sprays, thus producing the current design.

title: Flag of Nevada


text:
Talk:Chelm i Gdañsk Poludnie

What's it called in English? How come no pages link here? Why no information? Wetman 15:20, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chelm i Gdañsk Poludnie


text:
Eynhallow

Eynhallow is a small, presently uninhabited island in Eynhallow Sound, between Rousay and the Mainland of Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland. It is 75 ha in area. There is an unnamed skerry about 100 m to the north-east of the island, separated by Fint Sound. Sheep Skerry adjoins the southern end of the island.

There is no ferry to the island, although Orkney Heritage Society organises a trip each July. Otherwise, visitors have to arrange their own transport to the island by private local boat hire. Access can be problematic, as there are strong tidal surges in the surrounding strait, funnelled between Mainland and Rousay.

Etymology
The Norse named the island Eyinhelga, meaning "holy island". Johan Blaeu's 17th century Atlas Novus records the name as Alhallow. Skene's 19th century translation of John of Fordun's 14th century Chronica Gentis Scotorum records the name as Enhallow.

History
The island's main attraction is Eynhallow Church, dating from the 12th century or earlier, and perhaps originally part of a monastery. The site is maintained by Historic Scotland.

In 1841 the island had a population of 26. It has been uninhabited since the landowner cleared crofters away in 1851. The clearing led to the discovery of the church ruins, forgotten until then. The island is now a bird sanctuary.

Described as "perhaps the most mystical of the Orkney isles", it has its own folklore concerning the initial finding of the island. Eynhallow was believed to be the summer residence of the shape-shifting mer-people the Finfolk before they were driven away by a farmer from Evie, the Guidman o' Thorodale.

title: Eynhallow


text:
Sound power

Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. It is defined as "through a surface, the product of the sound pressure, and the component of the particle velocity, at a point on the surface in the direction normal to the surface, integrated over that surface." The SI unit of sound power is the watt (W). It relates to the power of the sound force on a surface enclosing a sound source, in air.

For a sound source, unlike sound pressure, sound power is neither room-dependent nor distance-dependent. Sound pressure is a property of the field at a point in space, while sound power is a property of a sound source, equal to the total power emitted by that source in all directions. Sound power passing through an area is sometimes called sound flux or acoustic flux through that area.

Sound power level LWA
Regulations often specify a method for measurement that integrates sound pressure over a surface enclosing the source. LWA specifies the power delivered to that surface in decibels relative to one picowatt. Devices (e.g., a vacuum cleaner) often have labeling requirements and maximum amounts they are allowed to produce. The A-weighting scale is used in the calculation as the metric is concerned with the loudness as perceived by the human ear. Measurements in accordance with ISO 3744 are taken at 6 to 12 defined points around the device in a hemi-anechoic space. The test environment can be located indoors or outdoors. The required environment is on hard ground in a large open space or hemi-anechoic chamber (free-field over a reflecting plane.)

Table of selected sound sources
Here is a table of some examples, from an on-line source. For omnidirectional sources in free space, sound power in LwA is equal to sound pressure level in dB above 20 micropascals at a distance of 0.2821 m

Mathematical definition
Sound power, denoted P, is defined by
 * $$P = \mathbf f \cdot \mathbf v = Ap\, \mathbf u \cdot \mathbf v = Apv$$

where
 * f is the sound force of unit vector u;
 * v is the particle velocity of projection v along u;
 * A is the area;
 * p is the sound pressure.

In a medium, the sound power is given by
 * $$P = \frac{A p^2}{\rho c} \cos \theta,$$

where For example, a sound at SPL = 85 dB or p = 0.356 Pa in air (ρ = $100,000,000$ and c = $1,000,000$) through a surface of area A = $100,000$ normal to the direction of propagation (θ = 0°) has a sound energy flux P = $1,000$.
 * A is the area of the surface;
 * ρ is the mass density;
 * c is the sound velocity;
 * θ is the angle between the direction of propagation of the sound and the normal to the surface.
 * p is the sound pressure.

This is the parameter one would be interested in when converting noise back into usable energy, along with any losses in the capturing device.

Relationships with other quantities
Sound power is related to sound intensity:
 * $$P = AI,$$

where
 * A stands for the area;
 * I stands for the sound intensity.

Sound power is related sound energy density:
 * $$P = Acw,$$

where
 * c stands for the speed of sound;
 * w stands for the sound energy density.

Sound power level
Sound power level (SWL) or acoustic power level is a logarithmic measure of the power of a sound relative to a reference value. Sound power level, denoted LW and measured in dB, is defined by:
 * $$L_W = \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{P}{P_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{Np} = \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{P}{P_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{B} = 10 \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{P}{P_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{dB},$$

where
 * P is the sound power;
 * P0 is the reference sound power;
 * 1 Np = 1 is the neper;
 * 1 B = $100$ ln 10 is the bel;
 * 1 dB = $10$ ln 10 is the decibel.

The commonly used reference sound power in air is
 * $$P_0 = 1~\mathrm{pW}.$$

The proper notations for sound power level using this reference are or, but the suffix notations , , dBSWL, or dBSWL are very common, even if they are not accepted by the SI.

The reference sound power P0 is defined as the sound power with the reference sound intensity I0 = 1 pW/m2 passing through a surface of area A0 = 1 m2:
 * $$P_0 = A_0 I_0,$$

hence the reference value P0 = 1 pW.

Relationship with sound pressure level
The generic calculation of sound power from sound pressure is as follows:
 * $$L_W = L_p + 10 \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{A_S}{A_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{dB},$$

where: $${A_S}$$ defines the area of a surface that wholly encompasses the source. This surface may be any shape, but it must fully enclose the source. In the case of a sound source located in free field positioned over a reflecting plane (i.e. the ground), in air at ambient temperature, the sound power level at distance r from the sound source is approximately related to sound pressure level (SPL) by
 * $$L_W = L_p + 10 \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{2\pi r^2}{A_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{dB},$$

where
 * Lp is the sound pressure level;
 * A0 = 1 m2;
 * $$ {2\pi r^2},$$ defines the surface area of a hemisphere; and
 * r must be sufficient that the hemisphere fully encloses the source.

Derivation of this equation:
 * $$\begin{align}

L_W &= \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{P}{P_0}\right)\\ &= \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{AI}{A_0 I_0}\right)\\ &= \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{A}{A_0}\right)\!. \end{align}$$ For a progressive spherical wave,
 * $$z_0 = \frac{p}{v},$$
 * $$A = 4\pi r^2,$$ (the surface area of sphere)

where z0 is the characteristic specific acoustic impedance.

Consequently,
 * $$I = pv = \frac{p^2}{z_0},$$

and since by definition, where is the reference sound pressure,
 * $$\begin{align}

L_W &= \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{p^2}{p_0^2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{A_0}\right)\\ &= \ln\!\left(\frac{p}{p_0}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \ln\!\left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{A_0}\right)\\ &= L_p + 10 \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{4\pi r^2}{A_0}\right)\!~\mathrm{dB}. \end{align}$$

The sound power estimated practically does not depend on distance. The sound pressure used in the calculation may be affected by distance due to viscous effects in the propagation of sound unless this is accounted for.

title: Sound power


text:
Flag of New Mexico

The flag of the state of New Mexico, also referred to as the New Mexican flag, is a State flag, consisting of a sacred red sun symbol of the Zia tribe on a field of gold (yellow). It was officially adopted in March 15, 1925 to highlight the state's Indigenous and Hispanic heritage: It’s a combination of the symbol of Puebloan people, who have ancient roots in the state, with the colors of the flag of Spain, to symbolize the Spanish empire, which had established and ruled over “Nuevo México” for over two and a half centuries.

The New Mexico flag is among the most unique and iconic in the U.S., and has been noted for its simple and aesthetically pleasing design. It is one of four U.S. state flags without the color blue (along with Alabama, California, and Maryland) and the only one among the four without the color white. Along with Oklahoma, New Mexico is the only U.S state that depicts indigenous iconography in its flag.

The proportions of the symbol are fixed by New Mexico law: the four groups of rays are set at right angles, with the two inner rays one-fifth longer than the outer rays, and the diameter of the circle in the center is one-third the width of the symbol.

First flag
During its first thirteen years as a state, New Mexico did not have an official flag. The San Diego World's Fair of 1915, which occurred three years after New Mexico's admission to the union, featured an exhibit hall where all U.S. state flags were displayed; lacking an official flag, New Mexico displayed an unofficial one designed by Ralph Emerson Twitchell, the mayor of the state capital, Santa Fe. Known as the "Twitchell flag", it consisted of a blue field with the U.S. flag in the upper left corner, the words "New Mexico" in silver lettering in the center of the flag, the number "47" in the upper right corner (in reference to New Mexico being the 47th state), and the state seal in the bottom right corner (which in some historical references is wrapped with the words "The Sunshine State"). As of 2005, the only known Twitchell flag in existence was displayed at the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe.

1920 Redesign
In 1920, the New Mexico chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) called for the creation of an official flag that would reflect the state's unique heritage and culture. A statewide contest was held in 1923 to solicit new designs. Eventually, a design made by Dr. Harry Mera of Santa Fe and sewn by his wife Reba Mera was selected. In 1925, Governor Arthur T. Hannett signed legislation proclaiming the Mera design the official state flag, which remains in use and unchanged to this day. Dr. Mera was a physician and archaeologist who was familiar with the Zia sun symbol, initially found at Zia Pueblo on a 19th century pottery jar (which was later revealed to have been taken from a tribal secret society by James and Matilda Stevenson in the 1890s. The symbol has sacred meaning to the indigenous Zia people. Four is a sacred number symbolizing the Circle of Life: the four directions, the four times of day, the four stages of life, and the four seasons; the circle binds these four elements of four together.

The symbol was used without the permission of the Zia people, and they have fought to prevent it from being used without their permission, including via attempting to copyright it, during and after its adoption as a symbol of the state, and due to concerns over desecration of the symbol. A 2012 joint memorial by the state and the Zia people later acknowledged the state had appropriated the image without permission. Due to its longstanding use, the symbol is now unlikely to be eligible for copyright, falling into the American public domain, which remains a point of contention between the state and the Zia people, as the tribe was unaware of the specifics of such laws at the time the symbol was co-opted.

The salutation, "I salute the flag of the State of New Mexico and the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures", is commonly recited in New Mexico public schools after the United States pledge of allegiance.

The New Mexico flag was rated first in a 2001 survey of 72 U.S. and Canadian flags by the North American Vexillological Association.

Adoption
The flag is officially defined in law as: "That a flag be and the same is hereby adopted to be used on all occasions when the state is officially and publicly represented, with the privilege of use by all citizens upon such occasions as they may deem fitting and appropriate. Said flag shall be the ancient Zia sun symbol of red in the center of a field of yellow. The colors shall be the red and yellow of old Spain. The proportion of the flag shall be a width of two-thirds its length. The sun symbol shall be one-third of the length of the flag. Said symbol shall have four groups of rays set at right angles; each group shall consist of four rays, the two inner rays of the group shall be one-fifth longer than the outer rays of the group. The diameter of the circle in the center of the symbol shall be one-third of the width of the symbol. Said flag shall conform in color and design described herein."

- New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-2

The flag is worn on uniforms by sailors aboard the submarine USS New Mexico (SSN-779).

Pledge
The pledge to the state flag is available in English and Spanish: "I salute the flag of the state of New Mexico, the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures."

- New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-3

"Saludo la bandera del estado de Nuevo México, el símbolo zia de amistad perfecta, entre culturas unidas."

- New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-7

title: Flag of New Mexico


text:
Lamb Holm

Lamb Holm is a small uninhabited island in Orkney, Scotland. The Italian Chapel, constructed during the Second World War, is the island's main attraction.

Lamb Holm is classified by the National Records of Scotland as an uninhabited island that "had no usual residents at the time of either the 2001 or 2011 censuses."

Geography
Lamb Holm lies in Holm Sound, one of the eastern entrances to Scapa Flow, between Mainland, Orkney and the island of Burray, It is 40 ha in area.

The Churchill Barriers carry the road from South Ronaldsay to Mainland, Orkney. Lamb Holm is connected to Glimps Holm, to the southwest, by Barrier number 2, and to Mainland by Barrier number 1.

The quarry used to build the Churchill Barriers has now been flooded and converted into a fish farm.

On the northwest of the island, on the shore of St Mary's Bay, are the remains of a prehistoric settlement which have been designated as a scheduled monument.

There is a Bronze Age Barrow mound on the island named as "Laughton's Knowe". The name may have evolved from an earlier form "Lachtane" or "Lauchtain" associated with Orkney but prior to the family of this name settling on the island following the impignoration in 1472 resulting in an influx of Scottish Tacksmen loyal to the Stewart King of Scots, it is likely to have had either no name at all or an entirely different reference.

Italian Chapel
Built by Italian prisoners of war during World War II, the highly ornamented Italian Chapel is now the island's main attraction. The chapel is a Category A listed building.

In 1942, more than 1300 Italian prisoners of war were captured in North Africa and taken to Orkney, where they remained until early 1945. Of these, 550 were taken to Camp 60, where they were put to work building the Churchill Barriers, four causeways created to block unwanted extra sea accesses to Scapa Flow.

In 1943, Major T. P. Buckland, Camp 60's new commandant, and Father Giacombazzi, the Camp's priest agreed that a place of worship was required. Two Nissen huts were joined to form a makeshift chapel. The prisoners, under the leadership of prisoner Domenico Chiocchetti, did all of the work to transform a simple corrugated iron structure into a work of beauty. The chapel was lined with plasterwork and an altar was made out of concrete. Chiocchetti painted the sanctuary end of the chapel. The beauty that he created led to the prisoners decorating the entire interior and creating a front façade out of concrete that concealed the shape of the hut and made the building look like a church.

Since the prisoners' departure, several residents of Camp 60, including Chiocchetti, have made return visits to the chapel they created. In 1996 a declaration was jointly signed by officials in Orkney and Chiocchetti's hometown of Moena, reinforcing the ties between the two places. The building has been preserved and is still used as a chapel.

title: Lamb Holm


text:
User talk:RobertTheScott

Hi Scott. Welcome to Wikipedia! Here's another revelation - your talk page, which is where people are supposed to leave you messages. :-)

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title: User talk:RobertTheScott


text:
Lifebuoy

A lifebuoy is a life-saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in water to provide buoyancy and prevent drowning. Some modern lifebuoys are fitted with one or more seawater-activated lights to aid rescue at night.

Other names
Other names for "lifebuoy" include:
 * life preserver
 * life ring,
 * lifering
 * lifesaver
 * ring buoy
 * donut
 * safety wheel
 * Perry buoy
 * Kisbee ring

Description
The lifebuoy is usually a ring- or horseshoe-shaped personal flotation device with a connecting line allowing the casualty to be pulled to the rescuer in a boat. They are carried by ships and boats and located beside bodies of water and swimming pools. To prevent vandalism, they are protected by fines (up to £5,000 in the United Kingdom) or imprisonment.

In the United States, Coast Guard approved lifebuoys are considered Type IV personal flotation devices. At least one Type IV PFD is required on all vessels 26 feet or more in length.

In the UK the Royal Life Saving Society considers lifebuoys unsuitable for use in swimming pools because throwing one into a busy pool could injure the casualty or other pool users. In these locations, lifebuoys have been superseded by devices such as the torpedo buoy, a low-drag device developed to be towed by lifeguards to those in danger.

History
Leonardo da Vinci sketched a concept for a safety wheel, as well as for buoyant shoes and balancing sticks for walking on water.

According to various sources the Knights of Malta were the first to use cork lifebuoys on their ships.

In the book Architectura naval antigua y moderna (1752) by Juan José Navarro, 1st Marquess of Victoria, two plates show "circular lifebuoys" and another plate includes a drawing of "a lifebuoy made of cork", called "salvenos". This is the type used systematically by the Knights of Malta on their ships. The lifebuoy was attached to a rope on one side and to the poop of the ship on the other, so that it may be deployed in case anyone should fall into the sea. Navarro was Captain General of the Navy and is credited with the systematic introduction of the lifebuoy on all ships of the Spanish navy.

In 1803, a device called the "Marine Spenser" from the name of its inventor, Knight Spenser of Bread Street, was described in the Philosophical Magazine. It was made of "800 old tavern corks" affixed to a band, "covered in canvass, and painted in oil, so as to render it waterproof." The invention gained Spenser the honorary silver medal from the Royal Humane Society.

title: Lifebuoy


text:
User:Crenner

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title: User:Crenner