text:
Talk:Searchlight (magazine)

Where does the name come from?
is it any relation to the band x-ray specs? ...germ free teenagers? are searchlight the people who burn people through the walls of their neighbours houses with xrays or micro-waves to "wind them up" and "bring out the racism to the surface"? Authouredbyanybody??? (talk) 13:32, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

could anyone who has any referenced material on the source of the name put it in the article, in the introduction i think, unless there is a lot of info.

does anybody have any information about the origin of the name??? apart from rumours?Authouredbyanybody??? (talk) 13:36, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

i really think that the origin of the name should be in the articleAuthouredbyanybody??? (talk) 13:40, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

obviously the people who started the magazine know why it was called that... but how to get something quotable? Authouredbyanybody??? (talk) 13:41, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * "Turning the searchlight on the extremists". Per the article about the magazine's founder Maurice Ludmer Grubstreet (talk) 05:13, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Encouragement of Violent Attacks
User:Andy wilson wrote:
 * It encourages physical attacks on right-wing opponents.

What is the evidence for this assertion?

Art of War comments:

Searchlight has a habit of giving personal details including car numberplates, addresses, workplace details etc of members of groups like the BNP. These are often not necessary to the plotline so one does wonder why they are listed knowing that BNP members have been subjected to violent attack.

 * Do you have any evidence of this? I see it all over fascist website, but have never actually seen in the magazine.193.195.75.20 (talk) 15:25, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * There is no evidence of it because the magazine doesn't do it. This is an allegation constantly made by far-right groups and activists, but they never, ever provide any actual examples because they simply don't exist. It is a blatant lie used as a retrospective justification for terrorist websites like Redwatch which do print addresses, workplaces, home telephone numbers and photographs of political opponents, prominant members of ethnic minorities, trade unionists, journalists, mainstream politicans and peace protestors, accompanied with incitements to attack them. For examples of that, just take a quick look at their website.86.0.203.120 (talk) 13:37, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

When I asked Searchlight why they did not provide more information on fascist addresses etc. they said it was not their policy to do so since often the premises in question changed hands and subsequent occupiers could be mistakenly targetted. --Streona (talk) 20:53, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

I do not recall any such language in Searchlight, although I do remember obtaining a copy of "The Flag" when edited by Martin Wingfield, that used similar language. i think it was about "surgically removing his kidney" in reference to an Arab objecting to party members singing "nationalist songs" on a train. --Streona (talk) 05:14, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Lets get this NPOV
Justification for my latest edit:
 * Remove: 'what they percive to be' in sentence publishes material critical of what they percive to be far-right political parties
 * Groups like the BNP etc are far right, compare them with mainstream righties like the tories. In the same way groups like the swp are far-left. The term merly discribes position in the political spectrum.

 * There is a continuum. Searchlight has published material critical of UKIP, righ-wing toriy groups (the monday club, CDA, &c.), Right Now Magazine and so on. I don't think it's impartial to lump all these groups togather with the White Nationalist Party! Hence I shall replace this phrase. 80.255 11:47, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Remove: 'and is noted for its very left-wing stance on most issues'
 * Noted by whome?

 * The magazine can fairly be described as left wing. It's social policies, praise for immigration, and general philosophy reflect that of the left. Have you actually read Searchlight? You can't seriously be suggesting that it is a rightwing magazine?! I shan't reeplace this yet, but I think it's a fair comment. 80.255 11:47, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Argree oretation=left. (though libetrain righties might agree with some of it) but very left? + Ref's would be good.--JK the unwise 12:07, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Refs for what? I didn't think it was disputed that Searchlight is left wing!
 * How about:
 * "Searchlight magazine is a left wing monthly publication. Describing itself as an "international anti-Fascist magazine", it mainly publishes material critical of what it percives to be far-right political parties."
 * 80.255 12:16, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Rv. Paragrapth on Left and right critism.
 * Anti-Fascist Action is a far-left group. Who else claims that they have links with the British security forces?

 * I believe Green Arachist also maintains this, as have a number of independent researchers.
 * Green Anrachist --> Far left. Please ref the independent researchers. Also why would you see it as a critism that it had links with British security forces if you were pollitcaly mainstream?--JK the unwise 12:07, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Rv. Links
 * First link is to the search light magazine. Its confusing to discribe it as pro searchlight as that implies that it is by a group other then searchlight. I think people can figger out that they are pro themselves! Also for some reason you took out the discription in this - Far right/facist critism of from "Final Conflict The Nationalist Fanzine", Why? That is were the material comes from.

I haven't edited this out but could you give references for it has been sued by a plethora of organisations on many occasions, often successfully. --JK the unwise 11:09, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Have a skim through the "final conflict" article mentioned above. Much as it is obviously biased against searchlight, it does contain a good deal of verifiable information on some of the legal actions the organisation has suffered. There are also other cases it hasn't mentioned; I'll see if I can find some references. 80.255 11:47, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

"Groups like the BNP etc are far right" - Rubbish. They're labbeled far right by the papers, but their policies are largely mixed, involving Nationalisation and more stringent leftist protectionsim and rightist views on immigration and law and order. After all it was Thatcher who said "The National Front is a Socalist Front" which is so very true.
 * Well the BNP are certainly far right by the mainstream usage of the term 'right-wing'. The notion that they're not is just minority POV-pushing, usually by folks of libertarian inclinations, and if this article was to call them left-wing, you'd confuse vast amounts of readers. --Aim Here 16:58, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Would you be happy calling Hitler far-right, or does his committment to vegetarianism indicate that he was just another hippy tree-hugger ? Any organisation which seeks to evict people from the UK on the basis of their race (even if this is only to be by "encouragement"- after all kristallnacht was encouragement) is going to be far right by any definition.--Streona (talk) 16:54, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * "publishes exposés about racism, antisemitism and fascism " - That's there self-description. But even a short look reveals that this is more than problematic. 105.12.5.39 (talk) 15:47, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

Gerry Gable inconsistancy
This article claims, The magazine is edited by Gerry Gable, a former member of the Communist Party of Great Britain and militant 62 Group. Where as the Gerry Gable article claims He was a supporter of the British militant anti-fascist 62 Group and, though never a member himself. They can't both be right.--JK the unwise 10:14, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't add this. The notion that Gable wasn't a member of this group has only recently been added to the 62 Group article.
 * The 'Final Conflict' article says that "Gable was involved with the criminal '62 Group' and the Limbo Club was managed by Harry Bidney." - it doesn't specifically say he was a member, although neither does it imply that he wasn't. Obviously it is trying to associate him with a violent group, so he may well not have been active in it, as such. He certainly did eulogise it it in articles, however, and wrote a very lauding obiturary of Bidney when he died.
 * Perhaps something saying that Gable had connections with the 62 Group, but not saying that he was specifically a member, would be better until this can be confirmed or disproven. 80.255 11:01, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Is anything going to be added regarding Gerry Gables convictions for Fraud and Theft?
 * See the article on Gerry Gable. They are of little relevance in this article. Warofdreams talk 23:57, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

This article says that the editor of Searchlight is Gerry Gable, but the article on Gerry Gable says that he was the editor of Searchlight until 1998 (which implies that he is no longer the editor and hasn't been for the last eight years). Which is right?

Adding different kinds of links
The revisions are getting repetitive. I think the sources for the article need to be broadened.

The anti-Searchlight website seems to be written by Alexander Baron. Following the 'home' link reveals that much, so the author is not unknown. Upon examination, its just unclear. Baron seems to claim authorship here: http://www.searchlightarchive.20m.com/s_a_homepage.html and characterizes himself as a "Holocaust revsionist" here: alexanderbaron.150m.com.

I have no problem with adding links critical of Searchlight. However, some of the links at the bottom of the page duplicate charges without adding much. A Google search turns up lots of these critiques. The Alexander Baron pages alone air plenty of of anti-Searchlight articles, so maybe we can leave it at that. Adding the 'Green Anarchist' link does offer a different perspective.

 * I was just leaving when I found that link, so didn't have time to examine it thoroughly. I wrote 'author unknown' because none of the articles I skimmed through were clearly attributed to any person or organisation. They did seem to contain a lot of detail and references, however, so the site appeared worth adding. Looking at the links page and seeing links to the Nation of Islam, &c., gave me the impression that it might be more balanced than some searchlight enemies' sites. I'll have a detailed look at it later and see if any verifiable information can be extracted and incorporated in the article.
 * Secondly, I'm sure Anti-fascist Action has something to say about searchlight online, too. Certainly its humourous critique of the British far right contains the following:
 * The WNP is an openly fascist party, based in Yorkshire. [...] Should the WNP carry out their threat to stand against Nick Griffin in the European elections, they could well prevent the BNP from gaining a MEP in the north west. It must be costing Searchlight a small fortune!
 * 80.255 20:22, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The key to getting this NPOV will be contextualizing all this info. Attacks and research from the right should be labled as such. If any news articles from mass market magazines can be found, then these should be added.

I'm adding three new kinds of links:

Further Reading - for reference books published by and about Searchlight with complete publication info, for context

Public Statements - for reference to public testimony by and about Searchlight, with full reference to speaker and affiliation

See Also - for reference to groups that do similar work, like the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center do in the US. I imagine there are similar discussions about these pages, so everybody should be happy about this link. DJ Silverfish 14:34, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The Southern Poverty Law Center and Anti-Defamation League pages do a much better job of explaining controversies in a NPOV way. This is in large part due to mass media references. A quick Google search does not turn up any such references references in the UK. Are there any? DJ Silverfish 17:12, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Page name
The official name of the publication is Searchlight Magazine, although people almost always refer to it as Searchlight. Should the article be at Searchlight (magazine) or Searchlight Magazine? Either way, the present title isn't correct. Warofdreams 16:55, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

April 6 additions
If the user 81.132.57.155 could make a few external citations for the changes made on April 6, it would be appreciated. I think they are valuable and other wise may be reverted. In particular, the "solar left" reference is puzzling. DJ Silverfish02:48, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Solar left ref' is humours but hardly NPOV. I was about to revert but your right there is some info' in there which is usefull. needs NPOVing.--JK the unwise 09:12, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

- Edits by me: 62.255.32.14 22:41, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * searchlight has indeed been sued successfully many times. Someone has altered this fact to suggest that this isn't the case, while providing no proof. I'm changing it back.
 * As a magazine, it bases itself on the one of the prime journalistsic principles of not revealing its sources. Amongst those sources have been Ray Hill, Tim Hepple, Matthew Collins, Darren Wells and Andy Sykes.  - isn't this rather contradictory!? Its sources obviously have been revealed, although I shall leave it in. "prime journalistsic principles", however, is rather too complimentary-sounding for a NPOV article.
 * Hepple has been discredited somewhat, but that is in no way a reflection on Searchlight's modus operandi. - no idea what's this is supposed to mean. It makes no sense without an explanation. I have therefore removed it - if whoever added want to reinsert and explain, fine.
 * few minor NPOV tweaks, along with a little reprasing for better flow, and grammatical corrections ("MP's", etc.). IT is still rather slangy in places, and this ought to be rewritten.

Positive exposure of fascist activity
The article is heavily bias towards the critisms of Searchlight. This needs to be balanced with a catalogue of positive activity to expose members of the far right. Links with the state/security services maybe a given, but that does not mean that Searchlight does not serve a role in keeping BNP et al. activities exposed and in open discussion. It seems strange that the 'Far Left' sources quotes are not analyses to the same degree and taken defacto as correct with no alteria motives or wrong doing.

62.3.70.68 08:54, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Searchlight comes off as a remnant of the Marxist old left, feuding with the remnants of the fascist old right (plus some football hooligans) over at Combat 18/Redwatch. Are these outfits even big enough to be notable? The article could use some membership statistics.   --John Nagle 02:38, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Searchlight is a magazine, not a membership organisation. Information and analysis from Searchlight is frequently the source of mainstream UK news stories on the far right, so it's notable on that score, if nothing else. --Aim Here 17:01, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Searchlight sees to oppose only far right racism, yet turns a blind eye to the rise in anti-semitism by the far-left. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.25.72.209 (talk) 08:57, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

David Myatt
Yes, sorry about that Slim. I was going to add in a link but my school's filtering system (sensibly) blocks his site and those of a similar variety.

I shall try and find it when I get home and put it back up with a source arrow thing, once I learn how to do them that is...

NPOV (again?)
Tried reading the article to find out what Searchlight was, but got more muck-flinging than useful information. Actually explaining its history and what these 'infamous' events were in a bit more detail might help complete outsiders like myself... 194.247.44.210 20:53, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Removed text
An editor removed this text, requesting clearer citation.

Searchlight has been criticized by far-left organizations as well as those on the far right. The defunct group Anti-Fascist Action refused to work with it due to its alleged links with the British security forces, (Fighting Talk 19) and British anarchist groups generally take the same view (Anarchy 36).

Probably the most consistent and in-depth Left critic of the Searchlight organisation is the veteran anti-fascist/editor of Notes From the Borderland Dr Larry O'Hara. As well as his 1996 Searchlight for Beginners, he wrote two earlier pamphlets 'A Lie Too Far' & 'At War With the Truth' featuring in depth agent provocateur Tim Hepple (now Matthews) much of the evidence based on handwritten letters by Hepple. Notes From the Borderland (as well as many other unrelated stories) provides a running commentary on ongoing Searchlight operations: NFB issue 2 (1998) featured their murky involvement in West Yorkshire (p.34-43) and the highly dubious antecedents of staff writer & ex NF thug Matthew Collins (p.32-33). NFB issues 3 (2000) 5 (2003) and 6 (2004) indicted Searchlight for covering up (on behalf of MI5/Special Branch) the tracks left by 1999 Soho nail-bomb murderer David Copeland (p.14-38/p.16-19/p.43-47 respectively). NFB issue 4 (2001) outlined the role played by Searchlight in destabilising/smearing anti-EU groups (see especially p.11-13/18-19): NFB issue 5 (p.54-55) reproduced in full the relevant memo by Research Director Nick Lowles written to the European Movement. Notes From the Borderland issue 6 (p.11-39) carried a detailed deconstruction/demolition of the BBC 'Secret Agent' documentary on the BNP, with heavy Searchlight input.

Left groups have also accused Searchlight of spreading disinformation about their activities. An infamous instance where lies were spread about Leftists was the 1985-6 circulation of smears about Class War (International Times May 1986).

Searchlight says that there is no evidence to suggest that it works with the security services. Critics, however argue that links with MI5 are hardly in doubt. Publisher Gerry Gables leaked 1977 LWT Memo stated that he had "given names I have acquired to be checked out by British/French security services". First published in the New Statesman on 15th February 1980 this was reproduced in Lobster issue 24 December 1992. A 1987 profile referred to Gable's "wide range of contacts, including people in the secret services" (Jewish Chronicle 23/10/87).In particular, some on the left accuse it of sharing information with the police and with MI5. Militant Leftists view with suspicion the fact that Gerry Gable is vice chair of the Independent Advisory Group to the Diversity Directorate of the Metropolitan Police Service at Scotland Yard. Searchlight defence is that it has only cooperated with the state in a few cases, when laws were being broken (although specific examples have never been provided).

The British National Party has claimed that Searchlight has been funded by the government.

The magazine has also been criticized for relying on sources connected to the far right, such as former British Movement member Ray Hill, former Combat 18 leader Darren Wells, BNP organizer Andy Sykes, Tim Hepple, and Matthew Collins, who has been the subject of two BBC documentaries: "Life Etc" and "Dead Man Walking."

 * This seems very well cited to me. What's wrong with it? It needs a bit of editing, but I think most of it should be in article. BobFromBrockley 10:48, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Searchlight Exposed
Instead of simply reverting, can people give reasons for and against the Searchlight Exposed link? I'm kind of agnostic. The website looks to me put up by fascists with (obviously) a strong axe to grind. Is that in itself a reason to delete the link? Any other reasons for and against? BobFromBrockley 18:06, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * We should really be looking for criticism which is either (a) impeccably sourced and can be used as a reference for the article, or (b) representative of a certain type. In particular, there's no need to have long lists of critical articles and sites.  I've not checked the link, as I'm at work, but unless it does one of these things better than a link already in the article, I'd opt to leave it out. Warofdreams talk 19:15, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The link was removed, and has reappeared. Is there an editors' consensus on its status? BobFromBrockley 11:17, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Hoax?
I've removed a link to this open letter, which I believe to be a hoax: http://www.labournet.de/krieg/nahost/oth/gable.html BobFromBrockley 11:18, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Searchlightlogo.gif
Image:Searchlightlogo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 11:26, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

MI5 again
I recall that MI5 fell out with Gerry Gable and leaked his home address to the BNP who published a photo of it. I shall look for a reference.--Streona (talk) 05:23, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Lede, spilling error
"... a lifelong Communist and longstanding anti-racist and anti-fascist." Communist needs a small c. Not changed as i dont see an edit option for this section. 77.102.240.29 (talk) 08:13, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Veracity
This section is inaccurate from start to finish: "The veracity of some of Searchlight’s claims has been called into question in court, occasionally resulting in legal damages, most notably in the cases involving libertarian writer Alexander Baron . " In Baron's case, as the Independent citation makes clear, the settlements were out of court, i.e. never got to caught, as the victims of Baron's litigation were small independent bookshops that couldn't afford legal action. (Baron a libertarian? He is desribed in the cited article rather as "an assiduous publisher of right-wing literature", and is someone who uses the rather un-libertarian tool of court threats to suppress free speech!) If there is another case were Searchlight claims have been "called into question in court", please insert that, using more precise language. In the meantime, I'm deleting it.BobFromBrockley (talk) 15:19, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Recent report
The report talks about new "tribes" as follows:
 * 8% confident multi-culturalism
 * 16% mainstream liberals
 * 28% mostly ambilvilant
 * 24% culturally integrationists
 * 10% latent hostiles
 * 13% Active enmity

Interestingly as you go down the list educational levels drop. The report does a high level 25-50-25 split between liberal-mainstream-hostile. The report has a lot of material on identity and multi-culturalism and reports on attitudes to violence etc. It does not support the crude edit made by Ivor this morning hence my revert per WP:BRD -- Snowded  TALK  06:47, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Here's how The Guardian covered the report, highlighting the same areas I did:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/feb/27/support-poll-support-far-right Ivor Stoughton (talk) 06:51, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The New Statesman, same thing:

http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-staggers/2011/02/immigration-searchlight-class-race Ivor Stoughton (talk) 06:55, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Rod Liddle, the same:

http://www.spectator.co.uk/rodliddle/ Ivor Stoughton (talk) 06:58, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Sky News, same:

http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Politics/Immigration-Searchlight-Populus-Poll-Finds-Support-For-Far-Right-Parties-If-They-Ditched-Violence/Article/201102415941796?lpos=Politics_First_Poilitics_Article_Teaser_Regi_0&lid=ARTICLE_15941796_Immigration%3A_Searchlight%2C_Populus_Poll_Finds_Support_For_Far-Right_Parties_If_They_Ditched_Violence Ivor Stoughton (talk) 07:02, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * And The Daily Express:

http://www.dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/231657/Half-of-Britons-could-vote-for-the-far-Right/ Ivor Stoughton (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 07:04, 3 March 2011 (UTC).
 * The Mirror:

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/02/27/shock-poll-shows-rising-tide-of-right-wing-nationalism-115875-22951794/ Ivor Stoughton (talk) 07:06, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

 * To continue quotations. "70% of all respondents said they would support a group that wants to campaign against religious and racial extreamism and promote better relations between ethnic and religious groups in England".   The survey is also confined to England not Britain as a whole.   I could go on.  The point is that the report overall does not support the edit you made and I can't find the right wing party support point  If it is relevant to this article, then it needs to be more fully covered and linked to the use Seachlight intend to make of it.  Interestingly the same edition has a lot of new material on the funding and origins of the EDL which may be relevant to that article.   -- Snowded  TALK  07:00, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It's pretty clear how the poll was reported, and it wasn't on the 70% who want to campaign against racial and religious extremism. Unfortunately, perhaps, but we musn't be Pollyannas here - or advocates for our personal preferences. Ivor Stoughton (talk) 07:10, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Ivor you can continue adding references my point is (i) is this relevant to the Searchight article and (ii) if it is then it needs to be balanced not sensationalized which require are more considered approach. I've given you a direct quote above,  I can find the 60% one but not the right wing party support, the nearest is the the quote above.  There is also other material there.  So lets determine the relevance to this article first and then if it is relevant consider the wording.  I'll be back tonight and happy to look at it again then,  -- Snowded  TALK  07:12, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * (i) Searchlight commissioned the survey, in areas that are of central concern to it as a campaigning entity. (ii) Agree it should be balanced, but it should also reflect how the survey was widely reported. I'll wait until you're back before doing anything further. Ivor Stoughton (talk) 07:16, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't think we are too far apart. I think it is relevant, but needs to give more detail on the survey referenced to Searchlight and also cover how it was reported.  Will attempt a draft this evening if that is OK?  Must dash for train now-- Snowded  TALK  07:31, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

OK how about this

"In 2011 Searchlight commissioned a survey within England to 'investigate the level of fear, hate and hope in society'.  The survey involved over 5000 respondents and reported a shift in the politics of immigration to a politics of 'culture, identity and nation'.  It identified six 'tribes': Confident multi-culturals (8%), Mainstream liberals (16%), Identity ambivilants (28%), Cultural integrationists (24%), Latent hostiles (10%) and Active enmity (13%).  Social class and voting intention did not stand as proxies for these groups.  The report identified a growing preference for English identity, over British with that preference being aligned with increasingly right wing views.  There was a strong aversion to violence and '70% of all respondents said they would support a group that wants to campaign against religious and racial extreamism and promote better relations between ethnic and religious groups in England'. At the same time 60% of the population felt that immigration had been a bad thing and there was evidence that there is a 'large pool of voters who would support a respectable right wing party steeped in English nationalism, while holding anti-violence, anti-immegration, anti EU, non-fascist, anti-islamic extremist views. These latter two points were extensively covered in the press (references per above). Searchlight is launching the Together project to build on the 3:2 majority who looked to a 'more positive community-orientated response to extremism." Overall reference to the executive summary pp16-18 Searchlight March 2011. I think that summarises the report, I think its important enough to justify this length of entry and I think this is balanced.  I have tried to use quotes where there is any possible ambiguity.  I have to leave 0600 tomorrow for a long day of meetings so may not get a chance to clarify/comment until Friday evening -- Snowded  TALK  22:05, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I think the balance within the proposed addition is right. But maybe the addition as a whole is a bit long, and might tend to unbalance the section of the article? Ivor Stoughton (talk) 23:27, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Good point, I wonder if its a new section or sub-section? -- Snowded TALK  23:32, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I'd say a new section. It's an important report, and merits it. Ivor Stoughton (talk) 23:48, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree, very interesting material. I can't do anything until tomorrow evening, if you want to have a go feel free!  -- Snowded  TALK  23:50, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Unless anyone objects I will put the above into the campaigns section as it relates to that and the section is tagged for expansion anyway -- Snowded TALK  07:12, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Alan Harvey
I've once again removed the reference to Alan Harvey in the "Informants" section. Since he's a redlink, I fail to see what value there is in including him. Before anyone asks yes I know what redlinks are for, but that isn't my point. Unless there's actually an article on him, exactly what value is there in just including a random name? None that I can see, so there is zero loss of context by the removal of it. 2 lines of K 303  12:35, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

RfC
An RfC: Which descriptor, if any, can be added in front of Southern Poverty Law Center when referenced in other articles? has been posted at the Southern Poverty Law Center talk page. Your participation is welcomed. – MrX 17:16, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Joan Lestor
The document cited in support of this sentence: 'The current Searchlight magazine was preceded by a newspaper of the same name, which was founded in 1964 by left-wing Labour Party Members of Parliament Reg Freeson and Joan Lestor with Gerry Gable as "research director"' does indeed state that the newspaper was founded by Reg Freeson, but does not mention Joan Lestor at all.

I think that some wires may have been crossed here. In the 'flannel panels' of the newspapers, Freeson is credited as editor. In issue 1 as 'Reg Freeson' and in issues 2, 3 and 4 as 'Reg Freeson MP'. In the fourth issue, Freeson announces his decision to stand down after being promoted to a ministerial role in the UK government, and says that Joan Lestor will be taking over as editor. In fact, no further issues were published.

Unless anyone has evidence that Lestor was indeed a founder of the newspaper, I propose to edit this section accordingly.Grubstreet (talk) 04:31, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any response, I have made this edit. Grubstreet (talk) 07:36, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

Relationship with CARF
In the history section the article talka about Searchlight's relationship with the Campaign Against Racism and Fascism, and goes on to say: "CARF merged with Searchlight in 1979, becoming an insert (with separate editorial control) at the back of the magazine…" This much does not really require a citation, as you can read pretty well any issue of the magazine from the 1980s and find a CARF section within it.

However the sentence continues: "but this arrangement ended following disagreements in the early 1990s over allegations that Searchlight was promoting pro-Zionist/pro-Israeli groups, whom the CARF Collective regarded as racists." Some might read this as reflecting badly on Searchlight, others as reflecting badly on CARF. Either way, it seems to me to be too strong an assertion to be made without any citation. Where did this assertion come from? Grubstreet (talk) 08:03, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

 * At the time of the rift, CARF wrote quite a long letter to Searchlight explaining their decision to split away. When CARF launched their own publication, they led the first issue with the Searchlight communication, in effect turning it into as 'open letter'.
 * I now have eyes on this text, and it does not accuse Searchlight of what is stated in the current Wikipedia account. In fact, it does not use the words 'Zionist/ism' or 'Israel(i)' at all. There clearly was friction between the two groups, but it centred on CARF being unhappy that Searchlight was, in its view, over-focused on antisemitism and not focused enough on anti-black racism.
 * Unless someone can come up with a more reliable citation than CARF's own words, I propose to edit the current assertion to reflect the disagreement outlined in the CARF open letter. Grubstreet (talk) 16:30, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In the absence of any response, I have made this edit. Grubstreet (talk) 08:23, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

Editorship
The article currently says: "After Ludmer's early death in 1981, British academic Vron Ware briefly took over the editorial role until 1983." This much is accurate. It continues: "Following this Gable returned as editor, in a role he held until 1999." This is, at least in part, incorrect.

Gable has certainly been in and out of the editor's role like a game of musical chairs, but following Vron Ware's departure in 1983 the editorship was taken up by Andy Bell, who continued until, I think, 1989 – I'm checking those dates. I intend to add this detail, with a citation, and to conjure up a 'stub' biography of Andy Bell. There are currently 10 Andy Bells and another 10 Andrew Bells with biographical articles on Wikipedia, and this guy ain't none of them, so a stubby biog is, I think, necessary to avoid a reference to him in the Searchlight article leading readers to identify the wrong Andy Bell as the editor in question. (At least two of the A Bells with current biogs are journalists, so confusion is very likely).

It is, I believe, common knowledge that in the 2000s the magazine was edited for periods by Nick Lowles and Steve Silver. I am trying to chase dates and citations so that I can add these. (The tail-off of Gable holding the post "until 1999" leaves a quarter-century unaccounted for – which is, I think, an unacceptably long hiatus).Grubstreet (talk) 10:16, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Searchlight (magazine)


text:
Talk:Postage stamps and postal history of Iceland

[Untitled]
"There are annual Christmas and Europa issues"

Europa leads to a disambiguation page that I was in the process of dealing with the links to, but I don't understand enough here to know which Europa to disambiguate this to. The mythical one? Or is "Europe" what's meant? --Bth 09:34, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * "Europa" stamps have been issued annually since the late 1950s by member states of the Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications authorities (CEPT) initially to a common design in all countries, but for about the last 20 years to a common theme. With the split of posts and telecoms providers in most countries CEPT no longer exists, but the postal authorities continue the tradition. Stamps will have "Europa" written on them somewhere in small print. -- Arwel 10:44, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Arwel's response would make a nice little stub for the missing Europa postage stamps article... Stan 13:58, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Stamp IS 1948 25a-400px.jpg
Image:Stamp IS 1948 25a-400px.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

— Save_Us   †  09:56, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Plestiodon laticeps

The broad-headed skink or broadhead skink (Plestiodon laticeps) is species of lizard, endemic to the southeastern United States. The broadhead skink occurs in sympatry with the five-lined skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) and Southeastern five-lined skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus) in forest of the Southeastern United States. All three species are phenotypically similar throughout much of their development and were considered a single species prior to the mid-1930s.

Description
Together with the Great Plains skink it is the largest of the "Plestiodon skinks", growing from a total length of 15 cm to nearly 33 cm.

The broad-headed skink gets its name from the wide jaws, giving the head a triangular appearance. Adult males are brown or olive brown in color and have bright orange heads during the mating season in spring. Females have five light stripes running down the back and the tail, similar to the Five-lined Skink. However, they can be distinguished by having five labial scales around the mouth, whereas Five-lined skinks have only four. Juveniles are dark brown or black and also striped and have blue tails.

Habitat
Broad-headed skinks are semi-arboreal lizards that are strongly associated with live oak trees. It does not appear that the lizards have a preference for tree size, rather they prefer trees with holes. Juveniles stay closer to the ground on low or fallen branches. Males have been known to guard preferred trees that are surrounded with dense brushes to limit attack by predators and harbor prey. Dead and decaying trees are important habitat resources for nesting. Fallen logs are also essential because during the winter following the breeding season it is seen that In Eumeces laticepts small groups gather in hibernacula under the ground or in rotting logs. The occurrence of the species was seen to correlate with the presence of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra).

Behavior
Broad-headed skinks are the most arboreal of the North American Plestiodon. They forage on the ground, but also easily and often climb trees for shelter, to sleep, or to search for food. Broad-headed skinks often feed on what are called "hidden prey"; prey items that can only be located by searching under debris, soil or litter. Broad-headed skinks are preyed on by a variety of organisms including carnivorous birds, larger reptiles, and mammals. Skinks prefer to flee by climbing a nearby tree or seeking shelter under foliage. These skinks exhibit tail autotomy when caught by a predator. The tails break away and continue to move, distracting the predator and allowing the skink to flee. This species is capable of detecting integumentary chemical stimuli from two species of snakes that are sympatric predators of lizards. Typically, females will flee before males do when found in pairs. Males during the breeding season tend to stand their ground, likely due to the possibility of losing a mate. Broad-headed Skinks rely on coloration and directional stimuli to determine which end of their prey item to attack. When consuming large invertebrates, they often carry them to shelter to avoid being preyed upon during the prey handling time.

Diet
Broad-headed skinks consume a wide variety of different organisms, but mostly consume insects, insect larvae, gastropods, and spiders. They are diurnal (daytime) feeders, and will actively hunt their prey (i.e. other organisms that are active at the time they are). Their diet consists of what is available at the time of day they are feeding. Broad-headed skinks have been documented consuming Anolis lizards, as well as cannibalizing juvenile Broad-headed skinks. Their larger body size allows for them to consume a wider range of prey. They are very opportunistic hunters, and they use strategy to determine the desirability of their prey. They have been seen avoiding predators and dismissing food when too dangerous. Smaller prey is easier to grab, and they can eat it right away, whereas larger prey takes longer and might put you at risk of being predated on. Because handling time increases with prey size, larger prey are not necessarily the most profitable.

Reproduction
Males typically are larger than females. Large males guard females during breeding season using aggressive behavior with other males, and remain in pairs for long periods of time for foraging, basking, and mating. The larger the female, the more eggs she will lay. Males thus often try to mate with the largest female they can find, and they sometimes engage in severe fights with other males over access to a female. Large adult males in South Carolina will guard females within their territories and chase away smaller males. Females will also mate with the largest males they can find, a result of the Good Genes Hypothesis. Females only have a preference on body size of males when reproducing, they tend to look over the more dominant feature of bright orange heads on this species. Females emit a pheromone from glands in the base of the tail when they are sexually receptive and males can find them by tracking their chemical trails through tongue-flicking. Males show higher tongue flicking rates when exposed to conspecific females verses heterospecific females when mating and will terminate behavioral interaction without initiating courtship if the pheromones do not match the species. Males can get particularly aggressive during mating season and even display mate guarding. Mate guarding thus lasts through a major portion of the mating season, which appears to be limited to about two weeks. Mate guarding can be costly, many suffer injuries and fatality at the hands of guarding their female. The female lays between 8 and 22 eggs, which she guards and protects until they hatch in June or July. Female broadhead skinks will lay their clutch in decaying log cavities, and they have been observed to create a sort of nest by packing down debris within their cavities. The hatchlings have a total length of 6 cm to 8 cm.

Geographic range
Broad-headed skinks are widely distributed in the southeastern states of the United States, from the East Coast to Kansas and eastern Texas and from Ohio to the Gulf Coast.

Nonvenomous
These skinks (along with the similar Plestiodon fasciatus) are sometimes wrongly thought to be venomous. Broad-headed skinks are nonvenomous.

title: Plestiodon laticeps


text:
Pyritz

Pyritz may refer to:

 * Pyritz, German name of Pyrzyce, a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland
 * Anja Pyritz (born 1970), German rower
 * Dana Pyritz (born 1970), German rower
 * Lutz Pyritz (1950–2018), German jockey and horse trainer
 * Tim Pyritz (born 1993), German diver
 * Pyritzans, also known as Prissani, a medieval tribe in Pomerania
 * Treaty of Pyritz, 1493 treaty that settled claims of the House of Pomerania and the House of Hohenzollern regarding the legal status and succession in the Duchy of Pomerania

title: Pyritz


text:
Prime Minister of Myanmar

The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council (SAC), the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provisional government is subject to the decision-making of the SAC; additionally, there is significant overlap in the membership of both bodies. There is no provision for a prime minister in the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, with the president being the constitutional head of government. The current prime minister is Min Aung Hlaing, who is also the leader of the junta and the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. The post had been used by previous military governments, as recently as 2011.

History of the office
The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, with the adoption of the Burmese Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office (with two of them doing so on multiple occasions). Due to the country's long period of military rule, it has not been uncommon for the prime minister to be a serving (or recently retired) military officer.

The actual power of the prime minister has considerably varied over time, differing based on who holds the office. In 2004, a power struggle between the then–head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, and his prime minister, General Khin Nyunt, resulted in the prime minister being dismissed and arrested.

The position was abolished on 30 March 2011, according to the current Constitution (adopted in 2008). It provided that the president is both the head of state and head of government. But after the 2015 general election, as Aung San Suu Kyi was constitutionally barred from becoming President, an office named State Counsellor, functionally identical to that of Prime Minister, was established for her on 6 April 2016.

On 1 August 2021, State Administration Council formed the caretaker government and chairman of SAC became Prime Minister.

title: Prime Minister of Myanmar


text:
List of television stations in Spain

This is a list of television stations in Spain.

Insular stations
The insular stations are TV channels that are island-wide, which means they are visible in a specific island. These stations are exclusive to the Canary and Balearic Islands. This is a list of them (* means they haven't started their transmissions yet):

Local stations
These TV stations are called local stations. They can only be seen in certain municipalities or comarcas, and their power is devolved to the autonomous communities. This is a list of them (* means they haven't started their transmissions yet):

title: List of television stations in Spain


text:
Chance (2002 film)

Chance is a 2002 film, the directing debut of actress Amber Benson. Benson directed, wrote, produced and starred in this film. Many of Benson's co-stars from the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer appeared in the film. It was estimated to cost $25,000.

As documented on Chance's official site, the cost of making the film ended up being more than triple the estimate. Though Benson originally thought that she would foot the bill herself, she decided to ask fans for support. Signed photos of Benson on the set of the film, as well as scripts and props, were sold to raise money.

Benson's production company, Benson Entertainment, distributes the movie on DVD and video.

Plot
Chance is a twenty-something slacker living in Los Angeles, who relies on a trust fund for finances and shares an apartment with her friend Simon, an unsuccessful telemarketer who is self-conscious about his body odor. One day, Simon comes home from the grocery store to find a dead woman in Chance's bed.

The film then goes back several months. Chance is annoyed when Rory, a struggling soap opera actor with whom Chance had a one-night stand, appears at her door and becomes emotional trying to convince her that they have a connection beyond just sex. Chance and Simon spin a story about meeting in a mental institution, which makes Rory uncomfortable enough to stop crying and to leave.

Simon tricks Chance into answering a phone call from her mother by telling her that it is a man named Jack whom she was immediately attracted to when she met him at a nightclub. Her mother, Desiree, is calling to tell her that she is coming to visit. Trying to escape spending time with her mother, Chance persuades Simon to switch roles with her for the weekend and Simon spends time with Desiree pretending to be Chance until Desiree tells Simon that she needs to talk to Chance about something in particular. Desiree tells Chance that she is leaving Chance's father Malcolm, who is in a relationship with another woman named Heidi.

Upset, Chance tells Simon about her parents' divorce and reveals that Desiree wants to stay with them for a while. Chance is suspicious when Simon tries to offer some comfort, and he begs again for $200 to pay off some unpaid parking tickets. Though hesitant to loan anyone money because of a bad experience with her first serious boyfriend, Chance agrees to give him the money for playing along with her charade for her mother.

Uncomfortable with the idea of her mother living with her, Chance arranges for Desiree and her to have dinner with Malcolm and Heidi. Chance also invites Rory and, as Chance had hoped, Heidi is immediately smitten with him because she watches the soap opera in which he stars. When Rory manages to get Heidi out of the room, Chance asks her parents about the divorce. Malcolm reveals that Desiree had suggested that they experiment sexually with Heidi, and Desiree felt rejected when Heidi preferred him. Desiree insists that he seduced her, but Malcolm denies it. Malcolm says that while attractions may come and go he loves her.

Chance goes out to a nightclub one night and meets a woman named Sara, who makes sexual advances on her. Chance brings Sara home with her, and after spending a day in bed together, Sara suggests that they take some drugs. Chance refuses and takes the drugs away. Chance leaves her apartment the next morning, and when she returns she finds Simon in her bedroom with Sara, who has apparently overdosed; Chance fears that Sara may have died from the drugs. Simon, overcome with emotion, kisses her and they have sex. Afterward, the two quickly begin to fight about the significance of the sex and Simon leaves the apartment.

The next morning Chance awakes to find Sara, alive, sitting at the kitchen table. She thanks Chance for a place to sleep off the drugs and then leaves. Meanwhile, Simon runs into Jack, who recognizes him from the nightclub. When Simon realizes that Jack is hitting on him, he tells him that Chance has a crush on him and thinks that he is straight. Simon then tells Jack about what had happened the night before and about his frustration and attraction to Chance. Jack tells Simon that, even though he is gay, he sometimes has sex with women because he needs the contact with human beings, and Simon realizes that he needs that human contact too.

Simon returns to Chance's apartment, and Chance is happy to see him, greeting him with a hug. They apologize for their actions and both admit that they are ready to try a relationship.

Cast

 * Amber Benson as Chance, a slacker in her 20s.
 * James Marsters as Simon, Chance's friend and an unsuccessful telemarketer.
 * Christine Estabrook as Desiree, Chance's mother.
 * Tressa di Figlia as Sara, a British woman that was first seen in a club who makes sexual advances on Chance.
 * Andrew Hallett as Jack, a man whom Chance is attracted to when she was at a night club.
 * Rayder Woods as Rory, a struggling actor whom had a one-night stand with Chance.
 * Jeff Ricketts as Malcolm, Chance's father.
 * Nate Barlow as Milton, a creepy neighbor of Chance.
 * Shamus Murphy as Guy, one of Chance's former boyfriends.
 * Patrick Beller as The Orderly
 * Lara Boyd Rhodes as Heidi, Malcolm's ditzy girlfriend
 * Rupert Cole as Johnny
 * Jaimie Linn as Rachie
 * Grant Langston as The Strolling Minstrel
 * David Fury as Pizza Delivery Guy

Themes

 * Chance explores sex and how it functions for different people and in different relationships. Because of a previous bad relationship in which her boyfriend used sex for manipulation, Chance has stripped sex of its meaning. Insecure about his body, Simon shies away from any kind of interaction, so he needs to feel a real connection to a woman to become intimate with her. Jack sees sex as comforting, a way to connect with people.
 * The film also plays at reversing gender roles with the male characters—Simon, Rory, Malcolm—needing emotional connection in their sexual relationships, while the female characters experiment sexually and are sexually aggressive, with Chance possessing something of a "get some, get gone" attitude. More obviously Chance and Simon literally switch gender roles for the day when Chance's mother visits.

Stylistic techniques

 * Non-linear storytelling -- The film begins with a provocative situation and then goes back in time to show how the situation came to occur.
 * Breaking the Fourth Wall -- Both Chance as the narrator and the "strolling minstrel" break the fourth wall by talking or singing directly to the camera.

Production details

 * Filming Dates: March–April 2001
 * The costume designer Nickolaus Brown also worked on Buffy and borrowed clothes from the wardrobe department. Seth Green wore Simon's "Dragon Inn" T-shirt, which Chance also wears, in the Buffy episode "Harsh Light of Day" and during a photoshoot for some Buffy promotional photos.
 * Joss Whedon allowed Benson to shoot on the Buffy set, and all of the club scenes were filmed on the interior and exterior sets for The Bronze.
 * This movie reunites Amber Benson and James Marsters with Andy Hallett, whom they worked with before on Mere Smith's The Enforcers.

Casting

 * Much of the cast has some connection to the Buffyverse: Benson and Marsters obviously played prominent characters on Buffy; David Fury was a writer/producer and Rupert Cole was a production assistant on Buffy; Jeff Ricketts guest starred on both Buffy and Angel as a Watchers' Council member; Andy Hallett starred on Angel as Lorne/The Host; Grant Langston guest starred on an episode of Angel; and Tressa di Figlia was married to Buffy cast member Nicholas Brendon.
 * In the Behind the Scenes special feature on the Lovers, Liars and Lunatics DVD, Christine Estabrook says that she met Benson at a WB party. (Benson worked on Buffy and Estabrook worked on Nikki, a short-lived WB comedy.) Estabrook approached Benson at the party to tell her how much she liked Benson on Buffy and Benson asked if Estabrook would play her mother in a movie that she had written.

Shakespeare

 * When Desiree and Malcolm make up, they recite Shakespeare to each other, specifically a conversation between Hermia and Lysander in Act I, Scene i of A Midsummer Night's Dream.

title: Chance (2002 film)


text:
Martin P4M Mercator

The Martin P4M Mercator was a maritime reconnaissance aircraft built by the Glenn L. Martin Company. The Mercator was an unsuccessful contender for a United States Navy requirement for a long-range maritime patrol bomber, with the Lockheed P2V Neptune chosen instead. It saw a limited life as a long-range electronic reconnaissance aircraft. Its most unusual feature was that it was powered by a combination of piston engines and turbojets, the latter being in the rear of the engine nacelles.

Design and development
Work began on the Model 219 in 1944, as a replacement for the PB4Y Privateer long-range patrol bomber, optimised for long range minelaying missions, with the first flight being on 20 October 1946. A large and complicated aircraft, it was powered by two Pratt & Whitney R4360 Wasp Major 28-cylinder radial engines. To give a boost during takeoff and combat, two Allison J33 turbojets were fitted in the rear of the two enlarged engine nacelles, the intakes being beneath and behind the radial engines. The jets, like those on most other piston/jet hybrids, burned gasoline instead of jet fuel which eliminated the need for separate fuel tanks.

A tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with the nosewheel retracting forwards. The single-wheel main legs retracted into coverless fairings in the wings, so that the sides of the wheels could be seen even when retracted. The wings themselves, unusually, had a different airfoil cross-section on the inner wings than the outer.

Heavy defensive armament was fitted, with two 20 mm (.79 in) cannon in an Emerson nose turret and a Martin tail turret, and two 0.5 in (12.7 mm) machine guns in a Martin dorsal turret. The bomb bay was, like British practice, long and shallow rather than the short and deep bay popular in American bombers. This gave greater flexibility in payload, including long torpedoes, bombs, mines, depth charges or extended-range fuel tanks.

Operational history
The US Navy chose the smaller, simpler, cheaper and better performing P2V Neptune for the maritime patrol requirement, but nineteen aircraft were ordered in 1947 for high-speed minelaying purposes. The P4M entered service with Patrol Squadron 21 (VP-21) in 1950, the squadron deploying to NAS Port Lyautey in French Morocco. It remained in use with VP-21 until February 1953.

From 1951, the 18 surviving production P4Ms were modified for the electronic reconnaissance (or SIGINT, for signals intelligence) mission as the P4M-1Q, to replace the PB4Y-2 Privateer. The crew was increased to 14 and later 16 to operate all the surveillance gear, and the aircraft was fitted with a large number of different antennae.

Starting in October 1951, electronic surveillance missions were flown from U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point in the Philippines, later from Naval Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, and Naval Air Station Atsugi, Japan, by a secretive unit that eventually gained the designation Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron One (VQ-1). Long missions were flown along the coast (about 30 nmi offshore) of Vietnam, China, North Korea and the eastern Soviet Union, and were of a highly secret nature; the aircraft sometimes masqueraded as regular P2V Neptunes in radio communications, and often flew with false serial numbers (Bureau Numbers) painted under the tail. Operational missions were always flown at night, during the dark with the moon when possible, and with no external running lights.

Losses

 * On 8 March 1951 Mercator flew into Atlantic Ocean off Florida-4 killed.
 * On 6 February 1952, ditched north of Cyprus at night, out of fuel, with no power, losing only the Aircraft Commander/pilot after they were in the water (See United States Naval Institute, Naval History, March/April 1997). The crew was rescued by HMS Chevron.
 * On 22 August 1956 one Mercator was shot down near Shanghai by Chinese fighters of the 2nd Aviation Division, with its crew of 16 all killed.
 * On November 19, 1957, Mercator lost in accident
 * On 6 January 1958, P4M-1Q of JQ-3 crashed at Ocean View, Virginia, when it lost an engine on approach to NAS Norfolk, Virginia, killing four crew and injuring three civilians.
 * On 16 June 1959 a P4M-1Q was attacked by two North Korean MiG-17s with heavy damage and serious injury to the tail gunner.
 * On 19 January 1960, VQ-2 P4M-1Q JQ-16 (buno 124365) crashed en route to Adana AFB killing all 16 aircrew. The RAF Mountain Rescue Team based at Nicosia, Cyprus recovered the bodies of 12 crew members before being forced to leave the recovery of the remaining bodies/parts until the spring. the Mercators were replaced by the EA-3B Skywarrior, which, being carrier-based, had a greater degree of flexibility and the larger Lockheed WV-2Q Warning Star. Final withdrawal from service was in 1960 after which all of the remaining P4Ms were scrapped.

Variants

 * XP4M-1
 * Two prototype aircraft with two R-4360-4 engines.

 * P4M-1
 * Production aircraft with two R-4360-20A engines, 19 built.

 * P4M-1Q
 * P4M-1s redesignated when modified for radar countermeasures.

Operators

 * United States Navy
 * United States Navy

title: Martin P4M Mercator


text:
Bernardino Nogara

Bernardino Nogara (June 17, 1870 — November 15, 1958) was the financial advisor to the Vatican between 1929 and 1954, appointed by Pope Pius XI and retained by Pope Pius XII as the first Director of the Special Administration of the Holy See. According to historian John F. Pollard, Nogara laid "the foundations" for "one of the biggest pillars for the Vatican's post-Second World War financial strength."

Nogara's career was characterized by an "ability to move fluidly in the highest circles of industry and politics as well as the Church". In his role as Director of the Special Administration, Nogara made large investments in many of the largest companies in Europe, personally becoming a board member of a "mind-boggling" number of firms, and appointing directors to many others.

Though a Catholic with several close relatives in the Holy Orders, Nogara insisted that his investments remain unrestricted by religious or doctrinal considerations. Under Pius XI, Nogara made large investments in firms contrary to Catholic social teaching and made direct loans to Mussolini's government prior to Mussolini's 1935 invasion of Ethiopia. Under Pius XII, Nogara routinely invested in firms that profited from and enabled the war effort of the Axis powers during World War II. Though these investments were hidden from the Allies (with whom Nogara also transacted), through the use of holding companies and offshore banking centres, under Nogara "like water finding a downhill path, Vatican money found its way to the grisly side of the Holocaust". However, other than a Vatican purchase in May 1940 of a minor shareholding in an Italian insurance company, La Fondaria, no primary source evidence has ever been offered in support of these latter claims, while documents recently discovered in The National Archives, London (in the T231 and T160 series) reveal that Nogara transferred the Vatican's entire foreign investment portfolio to the United States at the beginning of the war, and throughout the duration of the war was actively accumulating a substantial portfolio of stocks in British and American war-related industries in support of the Allied war effort. By contrast, no document has yet been produced to substantiate the claim that any funds were invested in Germany.

Early financial career
Nogara was trained as an engineer at the Politecnico di Milano. He managed mining projects in Wales (where he learned fluent English), Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. While in Istanbul, he was appointed a representative to the Italian Banca Commerciale and then the Italian representative to an international committee overseeing the Ottoman Empire's debt and the Italian delegation to the economic committee at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, after which he remained on the permanent reparations committee. He was later appointed to manage the industry section of the Inter-Allied Commission that enacted the Dawes Plan in Berlin.

Within the Banca Commerciale Italiana, Italy's largest private bank, he became a member of the board of directors and later the vice-president. He was also a member of the board of Commissioni Economiche e Finanziarie alle Conferenze (Comofin).

Nogara's dealings with the Vatican began in 1914, when he purchased a variety of bonds on behalf of Pope Benedict XV.

Appointment
The Vatican finances were on the verge of bankruptcy prior to being bolstered by $92.1 million (750 million lire cash and another 1 billion lire in Italian government bonds) which the Vatican received as a consequence of the Lateran treaties in 1929, as compensation for the occupation and annexation of the Papal States by the Italian Government in 1861 and 1870.

In 1929, Pope Pius XI, a family friend, appointed Nogara director of the Special Administration of the Holy See, charged with the financial dealings of the Vatican. In theory, the director of the Special Administration reported to a three cardinal committee—which included Eugenio Pacelli (who became the next pope) and Pietro Gasparri; in practice, Nogara reported directly to the Pope, meeting with him more frequently than any official in the Curia, with the exception of the Cardinal Secretary of State. The Special Administration was independent of the other two Vatican financial offices, although Nogara may have exercised considerable influence over the other branches of Vatican finances as well.

Nogara accepted Pius XI's appointment on one condition: that he would not "be restricted by religious or doctrinal considerations". Nogara's promotion was just one of many where Pius XI favoured other natives of Lombardy with promotions within the Roman Curia. At the time, one of his brothers, Bartolomeo, was the superintendent of the Vatican museums, two were archbishops, one was the rector of an Apulian seminary, and his sister was a mother superior.

Under Pius XI
Nogara's tenure at the Special Administration came on the heels of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and its many after-effects in Europe. Nogara immediately restructured the holdings of the Holy See, moving approximately 100 million lire in gold reserves and moving aggressively into real estate as an entrepreneur rather than an arms-length investor. Nogara created many companies, and appointed equally many chief executive officers to firms that still exist today. Grolux, the holding company for the profits of the Special Administration between 1932 and 1935, was housed in Luxembourg due to its dearth of public disclosure laws.

Nogara became a board member of many Italian firms due to the Vatican's controlling interests, including Assicurazioni Generali, Italy's largest insurer (and one of the largest in the world), and Società Generale Immobiliare, the largest construction company in Italy (which went on to become one of the largest in the world). The Mafia's interest in these activities is fictionalized in the 1990 movie The Godfather Part III.

Nogara was a party to the negotiations on the reorganization of Italy's banks, which followed 1929 legislation bailing out the banks. With this inside information, Nogara knew exactly which industries and firms would benefit from the bailout and purchased large positions in these companies.

Nogara's seat on the boards ensured that he could direct the firm toward the interests of the Vatican and the other equity holders. Nogara, through shrewd investing in stocks, gold, and futures markets, vastly increased the Roman Catholic Church's financial holdings. By 1935, Nogara had vastly expanded the Vatican treasury in a sum estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars (the Holy See kept the exact amount confidential).

Nogara was a controversial figure with the Roman Curia because many of his investments were perceived to violate the church's doctrines. For example, Nogara purchased a controlling share in Istituto Farmacologico Serono di Roma, Italy's largest manufacturer of birth control products. Nogara also invested in Italy's munitions plants and other war industries, including direct loans to Mussolini's government prior to his invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. However, Nogara was highly regarded by many cardinals for bolstering the church's finances, which had been declining since 1870.

Under Pius XII
After his election in 1939, Pope Pius XII retained Nogara as the head of the Special Administration. Pius XII met regularly with Nogara, as had his predecessor, keeping a close eye on the investment holding of the Holy See. Pius XII managed Nogara directly, with no intermediaries, and no notes were taken during their conferences (nor do any documents relating to Nogara exist in the ADSS). The information from this period of Nogara's tenure is relatively "scanty" (compared to the period 1931-1939, documented by Nogara himself), although much is contained in the US national archives due to Nogara's transactions with New York banks. However, a new and vast set of documents became available in 2012 when the day to day records of the Vatican's financial transactions for this period were discovered in The National Archives, London, (files T231/140 to T231/142, T231/1131 and T160/369) which throw new and interesting light on the Vatican's financial dealings throughout the duration of the war.

The immediate concern for Nogara upon the outbreak of World War II was that the Vatican assets in the various Allied and Axis countries not be seized or frozen. Nogara's "cloaked real estate companies" continued to operate throughout Europe, in Allied and Axis controlled territory, for the entire war. Although Germany otherwise had a policy of blocking funds that might reach Allied countries, the Vatican—which had, and used, an account at the Reichsbank—was excluded and enjoyed relative freedom. Reference does not support statement.

Nogara arranged the Vatican purchase of Profima, a Swiss property owner, into a full-fledged holding company, by 1938 "being able to participate in all forms of commercial, industrial, property and financial enterprises". It was through Profima, and other similarly organized holding companies, that the Vatican was able to purchase blacklisted companies, such as Banco Sudameris (blacklisted by both the US and Great Britain for its financing of the Axis war effort). There are reasons other than profit why Nogara may have been interested in Sudameris—for example, he helped found the bank prior to World War I—but it was without question that the purchase could only have produced a large return if Axis won the war.

Although Harold Tittmann, the American envoy, bypassed Nogara and warned the Cardinal Secretary of State against the purchase of Sudameris, once the Vatican went ahead with the purchase in 1941 it "left no stone unturned" in its quest to get the company removed from the Allied blacklists, petitioning nearly every relevant government in the world. According to Phayer, the confrontation over the delisting of Sudameris "boiled down to two views of fascism. For the Vatican, which had done business with the fascists during the prewar days, Sudameris was "business as usual".

Similarly, Nogara bought shares in Italian insurer La Fondiaria for the Vatican in May 1940, acting on a tip that Mussolini's government would soon nationalize many Italian assets of English insurer Norwich Union and hand them over to Fondiaria. Even at the time the purchase was controversial because only two months earlier the insurer had made clear its fascist sympathies by firing all of its Jewish employees. While the Allies would not have required the Vatican to sell its assets in Fondiaria if they had been acquired before the war, had they learned of this mid-war transaction, they would have blocked all the banking accounts of the Holy See in New York as well as its business interests in the United States and Great Britain. According to Phayer, both Nogara and Pius XII were well aware that their covert purchase of Fondiara amounted to a "betrayal of trust" of their agreements with the Allied powers. However, Italy did not declare war on Britain and France until June 1940, the US Freezing Orders were not applied to Italy and Continental Europe until July 1941 and the United States did not enter the war until after Pearl Harbour in December 1941, thus it is not clear in what sense this purchase in May 1940 involved the "betrayal of trust" asserted by Phayer.

Fondiaria would go on to collaborate with the Nazi expropriation of Eastern European insurance companies, both directly and indirectly (by working with collaborating re-insurers to pool risk). According to Phayer, "like water finding a downhill path, Vatican money found its way to the grisly side of the Holocaust". Phayer cites Nogara's timely purchases of firms about to benefit from fascist and Nazi expropriation as proof that Nogara "knew which way the wind was blowing". Another firm that Nogara invested the Vatican heavily in, Assicurazioni Generali, was the prime beneficiary of the fact that "fascist countries were about to remake the European insurance industry" at the expense of the European Jewry.

In 1941, Phayer suggests that Nogara may have been planning a substantial investment in Iberian tungsten carbonate mining operations (the "high tech metal of the conflict"), the same year that Germany's invasion of Russia cut off their previous supply of Russian metals. According to Phayer, "the conclusion is unavoidable: Nogara indirectly trafficked in the arms race and did so knowing that any resulting profit would be derived from stolen property". As the US would have blocked the transaction had they known it was for tungsten mining, the Vatican labelled the funds as earmarked for "food exports". But Phayer's contention is convincingly undermined by British Foreign Office file FO371/28930 which reveals that the pesetas and escudos supplied by the US Government for food exports were in fact used by Carlo Pacelli, Pius XII's nephew, to purchase food from Spain and Portugal with which the Vatican was feeding half the starving population of Rome. Thus no evidence whatsoever exists to support Phayer's speculation.

Based on a reference to one "Noraga", an Abwehr agent, in the interrogation report of Abwehr recruiter Karl Wilhelm Reme, Gerald Posner argues that this could only be Bernardino Nogara who would thereby be able "to sabotage the Allied war effort and at the same time find ways to help finance the Axis powers". However, John Pollard, reviewing Posner's book in The Tablet, points out that the interrogation report of this selfsame Nogara is found in The National Archives, London, where he is identified as Bruno Nogara, a Venice school teacher and Blackshirt fanatic who was arrested by the Allies in April 1945.

Faced with this evidence, Posner has amended his recently published paperback version of God’s Bankers and now says, on page 137, that there were in fact two Abwehr agents named Nogara: Bruno Nogara, whose Interrogation Report is found in The National Archives, London, and Branch Nogara, listed in Appendix C of the Interrogation Report of Reinhard Reme, Abwehr II Recruiter, found in the National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.  His argument is that the former, Bruno Nogara, is listed as a member of Abwehr Unit 257 under Reichsstatthalter  Hubert Pfannenstiel, while the latter, Branch Nogara, is listed under Abwehr Unit 254 commanded by Reichsstatthalter Ernst Schmidt-Burck – thus, two different Abwehr Units under two different commanders and therefore two different Nogaras. “The Tablet”, however, reports that the very source cited by Posner clearly identifies "Branch Nogara", not as a person, but as the small town of Nogara located just north of the river PO where Abwehr Unit 254 maintained its supply depot. According to The Tablet, there is no second Nogara, only Bruno Nogara, an Abwehr agent, and the small Italian town of Nogara which Posner claims refers to Bernardino Nogara, the Vatican's Financial Director, when actually it refers a town of the same name.

According to Pollard, it became public in Nogara's obituary in 1958 that in WWII, Nogara was the Vatican's representative in Rome's underground resistance movement, the Committee of National Liberation. Nogara's grandson, Ambassador Osio, in his interviews with Pollard, said that Nogara did not invest in German securities, or in tungsten, and that he disliked the Nazis.

In 1954, Nogara was succeeded as director of the Special Administration of the Holy See by Henri de Maillardoz, a director of Credit Suisse.

Diary
Nogara kept a diary recording his audiences with Pius XI from 1931 to 1939, which remains unpublished. The diary is supplemented by a variety of papers in the Nogara Archives (AFN), which provide detailed information about the finances of the Vatican and Nogara's involvement.

title: Bernardino Nogara


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East York

East York is a district and former municipality within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1967 to 1998, it was officially the Borough of East York, a borough within the upper-tier municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The borough was dissolved in 1998 when it was amalgamated with the other lower-tier municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto to form the new "megacity" of Toronto. Prior to its amalgamation, East York was Ontario's last remaining borough.

It is separated by the Don River from the former City of Toronto. Traditional East York is southeast of the river, and the neighbourhoods of Leaside, Bennington Heights and densely populated Thorncliffe Park are northwest of the river. The heart of East York is filled with middle-class and working-class homes.

History
East York was originally part of York Township, Ontario. Following the incorporation of the Township of North York in 1922, York Township was divided by Toronto, Leaside and North Toronto. With the rapid growth that followed the opening of the Bloor-Danforth (Prince Edward) Viaduct in 1918, the residents of the eastern half of York Township (as an exclave of the western half) felt they had been neglected by the township when it came to roads, sewers and other municipal services. Left with the option to either join the City of Toronto or branch out on its own, 448 East Yorkers voted to incorporate a new township, while 102 voted to amalgamate with Toronto. The Township of East York was incorporated on January 1, 1924 with a population of 19,849. The western half of York Township retained its name.

East York was originally populated by working-class English people who valued the opportunity to own small homes of their own, with front lawns and back gardens. Many had immigrated from Lancashire and Yorkshire. In 1961, 71.7% of the population identified themselves as having British origins.

In the late 1940s, after World War II, East York became home to many returning veterans and their families. Many inexpensive homes were built, including the houses around Topham Park, by the government, to house the returning veterans and the baby boomers. The local government was both socially conscious and frugal, fitting the residents' self-image of East York as filled with supportive neighbours and non-government organizations.

For many years, East York did not allow the serving of alcoholic beverages in any restaurants, etc. The result was a heavy concentration of alcohol-serving restaurants and bars on Danforth Avenue, the main street in the city of Toronto running east–west just south of East York. The prohibition of serving alcohol was eliminated in the 1970s.

The borough of East York was established in 1967 through the amalgamation of the former township of East York and the former town of Leaside. Leaside was a planned industrial and residential community. East York has over the years been a residential enclave for senior citizens, as the original owners from the 1940s age and as younger families move out to suburbs to live in larger houses. East York had its own fire department with three stations, which are still in operation today under the combined Toronto Fire Services. Recently, rapid and accelerated gentrification has changed many neighbourhoods. Many one-story bungalows have added second floors, and many shops have been converted to more upscale shops. Canada's only borough, East York was semi-autonomous within the greater municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

In 1998, Metro Toronto and its constituent municipalities were dissolved and replaced by the new "megacity" of Toronto. East York's last mayor was Michael Prue who went on to become city councillor for East York, and then a Member of Provincial Parliament for Beaches—East York in 2001. Between 2002 and 2005, the East York Civic Centre's "True Davidson Council Chamber" was used to hold the Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry/Toronto External Contracts Inquiry.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many residents of East York stood up against illegal rent increases. This came in the form of protests, rent strikes, and community organizing.

Geography
East York is located not far from the mouth of the Don River. The municipality borders Scarborough to the east, Old Toronto to the west, and North York to the north. East York is located north of Danforth Avenue between the Don River and Victoria Park Avenue.

Demographics
East York's population was 115,185 in 2001. By the 2006 census, the population had dropped slightly (−2.7%), to 112,054. Since the 1970s, the population composition has changed from predominantly British, as East York has become a major arrival point for immigrants, many of whom have established their first Canadian residence in the apartments that became plentiful in Thorncliffe Park, Crescent Town and elsewhere on or near main streets. Almost half of the population in 2001 (45.1%) was foreign-born, and of these, 49.0% had immigrated to the area between 1991 and 2001. These groups include Bengalis, Indians, Pakistanis, Jamaicans, Filipinos and Sri Lankans. East York also has a well established Greek population and a growing Chinese community. In 2006 the percentage of visible minorities was 38.4%, and the percentage of immigrants was 44.4%.

The religious affiliations of the East York population are consistent with its ethnic composition. Some 63.4% of the population adheres to Christianity, with an almost even split between Catholics (23.6%) and Protestants (25.3%). Christian Orthodox and unspecified types of Christianity make up 12.0% and 2.5% respectively. The largest non-Christian religious group is Muslim, who make up 12.6% of religious adherents, followed by Hinduism (3.7%), Buddhism (1.6%), and Judaism (0.9%). A sizable percentage of the population (17.1%) has no religious affiliation.

There is also Estonian House which is the unofficial Estonian Consulate in Toronto. The building houses banquets, social events, and an Estonian school.

While English is the dominant language in the area, nearly half (42.6%) of the population reports that their first language was neither English nor French.

Education
Four public school boards provide primary and secondary education for residents of East York, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the Toronto District School Board (TDSB). CSV and TDSB operate as secular public school boards, the former operating French first language institution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as public separate school boards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools.

The East York Board of Education was the former authority of English secular schools in East York, until East York was amalgamated into the City of Toronto in 1998. The Metropolitan Separate School Board managed all separate schools (English and French) until 1998, when the school board was reorganized into CSCM and TCDSB.

In addition to primary and secondary education institutions, East York is also home to a campus operated by Centennial College. The college is a post-secondary institution with campuses located throughout Toronto.

Sports
East York is home to various sports teams. The hockey teams are the Bulldogs, playing in East York Arena, Victoria Village, playing in Victoria Village arena and the Flames, playing in Leaside Memorial Community Gardens. All three leagues offer co-ed (boys and girls) entry level and competitive select hockey for various ages, being played in the North York Hockey League. The East York Lyndhursts represented the Canada men's national ice hockey team at the 1954 Ice Hockey World Championships.

East York is home to East York Soccer, playing at East York Collegiate, Clairlea Soccer, playing at various locations and the Leaside-East Toronto Soccer Club, playing at Leaside High School and Flemingdon, who offer entry level and competitive soccer for all ages. East York is represented by East York City FC in soccer. East York is home to baseball organizations such as East York and Topham Park. East York provides entry level and AAA baseball for all ages, while Topham Park provides entry level and competitive select softball. East York is home to a provincially known figure skating club, a gymnastics club, a lawn bowling club, and a curling club. East York has a skateboarding community group, Team EY, who collaborated with the local skateboarding community to build the East York Skatepark in 2007.

Leaside Memorial Community Gardens, the largest recreation centre in Leaside, provides an indoor swimming pool, an ice rink, a curling rink and a large auditorium.

title: East York


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Ngila Dickson

Ngila Beryl Dickson (born 1958) is a New Zealand costume designer. She is perhaps best known for her collaboration with Richard Taylor on creating the costumes for Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. She has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design three times, winning with Taylor for their work on The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).

On television, Dickson designed costumes for the fantasy television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1999) and Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001).

Personal life
Dickson is married to artist and writer Hamish Keith.

Selected filmography

 * Peter Pan & Wendy (2022)
 * Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)
 * Asura (2018)
 * Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016)
 * Dracula Untold (2014)
 * Green Lantern (2011)
 * The International (2009)
 * Fool's Gold (2008)
 * Blood Diamond (2006)
 * The Illusionist (2006)
 * Without a Paddle (2004)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
 * The Last Samurai (2003)
 * The Extreme Team (2003)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
 * Young Hercules (1998)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–1999)
 * Mysterious Island (1995)
 * Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995)
 * Peach (1995)
 * Heavenly Creatures (1994)
 * Jack Be Nimble (1993)
 * Crush (1992)
 * The Rainbow Warrior (1992)
 * My Grandfather is a Vampire (1991)
 * User Friendly (1990)
 * Ruby and Rata (1990)
 * The Rainbow Warrior Conspiracy (1989)

Major associations
Academy Awards

BAFTA Awards

Other honors

 * Dickson was appointed Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to design and the film industry.

title: Ngila Dickson


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Biikebrennen

The Biikebrennen (meaning "bonfires" in Northern Low Saxon), Biikebrånen (in North Frisian) or Pers Awten (meaning "Saint Peter's Eve" in South Jutish) is an annual bonfire night celebration held on 21 February in North Frisia, in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein and in Southern Jutland in Denmark.

The origin of Biikebrennen is unclear but the roots of the festival stem from pagan times. The meaning has changed over time. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the event was especially associated with seafarers engaged in whaling. The ritual varies a little from location to location. At Biikebrennen, nearly all North Frisian towns, and many isolated farmhouses as well, light their own bonfires, known locally as biike, at or shortly after sunset to bid winter farewell.

title: Biikebrennen


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Sables-Spanish Rivers

Sables-Spanish Rivers is a township in Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Georgian Bay. It is located in the Sudbury District, approximately 70 km west of Sudbury.

The township was created in 1998 by amalgamating the former towns of Massey and Webbwood with the township of Spanish River and the unorganized geographic townships of May and Shakespeare, and was named for Massey's location at the junction of the Spanish and Aux Sables rivers.

The township's population was 3,214 in the Canada 2016 Census. The municipal offices are located in Massey.

Communities
Massey ( 46.21389°N, -82.075°W ) is located at the junction of the aux Sables and Spanish Rivers, close to the northern shore of Lake Huron. Chutes Provincial Park is one of its principal attractions. Massey is one of several sites that claim to be the home of broomball.

Walford ( 46.205°N, -82.23°W ) is the westernmost community of the township located along Highway 17. Its economy was primarily based on logging and mining. The old Walford fire tower still stands north of the village on Tube Lake.

Webbwood ( 46.27°N, -81.89°W ) was incorporated as a town in 1906.

The hamlet of Lee Valley is divided between the municipalities of Sables-Spanish Rivers and Espanola.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sables-Spanish Rivers had a population of $3,237$ living in $1,386$ of its $1,718$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $3,188$. With a land area of 801.04 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Transportation

All three of the township's main communities are located directly along. Massey is located at the junction of Highway 17 and.

All three communities sit along the Huron Central Railway, and once had Canadian Pacific Railway stations. Webbwood was once a divisional point on the Canadian Pacific Railway's Sudbury–Soo Line, with the Webbwood Subdivision to the east and the Thessalon Subdivision to the west. As steam engines were phased out, Canadian Pacific no longer needed as many divisional points for refueling and repair, so its importance as a station declined and the station was eventually removed.

Massey and Webbwood are both stops on Ontario Northland's Sault Ste. Marie–Ottawa motor coach route.

The Great Lakes Waterfront Trail, a part of the Trans Canada Trail, passes through the township. Travelling from Spanish in the west, the trail enters the township following DeClerk Road and Menard Crescent on gravel before following the route of Highway 17 along a paved shoulder. At Walford, it dips south to follow the gravel route of River Road parallel and to the north of the Spanish River. Upon reaching Massey, it passes through the south of the town before continuing along Lee Valley Road toward Lee Valley.

Media
The township is served primarily by media from Sudbury, Elliot Lake, Espanola and Little Current.

In 1995, The Canadian Wildlife Experience Inc. received a licence to operate a new low-power tourist information radio station to serve Massey, Walford and Spanish, Ontario at 98.5 MHz, during the spring, summer and fall seasons. The call letters were CJWE-FM. It is uncertain if the station is still currently in operation.

Culture
The community hosts an annual fair in late August, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007.

Massey holds a fall fair every year at the fairgrounds. There are rides, contests, prizes, many games and even more vendors. A crash-up car derby has been recently been added along with a four-wheeler mud bog competition. In 2008, the classic car show at the fair was very small compared to the years before so it may be cancelled. There are motocross races, horse pulls, and horse shows there as well.

Famous people
The citizens of Webbwood elected Canada's first female mayor, Barbara Hanley, in 1936.

Massey is the birthplace of artist Robert Lougheed and former NHLer Pete Horeck. It is also the hometown of writer and former bank robber Stephen Reid and the current home of poet Charlie Smith.

Theodore Drake, one of the inventors of Pablum, was born at Webbwood.

Recreation and sports
The Massey District Community Centre and Arena is located in Massey, and plays host to the Massey Predators Minor Hockey Association and the Massey and District Figure Skating Club. The Massey Marathon is held annually using the arena as a centre for registration and award ceremony. The marathon is now in its 33rd year and is a qualifier for the Boston Marathon. The township is also the home of Chutes Provincial Park.

title: Sables-Spanish Rivers


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User talk:40steve

Hi. Where do these images come from? You can't submit copyrighted images. Secretlondon 09:49, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

You say "HKSAR Information Centre" - have you asked them if we can use it? Secretlondon 09:54, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

Nomination of Hang Seng Freefloat Index Series for deletion
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title: User talk:40steve