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Philippine Sea Plate

The Philippine Sea Plate or the Philippine Plate is a tectonic plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines. Most segments of the Philippines, including northern Luzon, are part of the Philippine Mobile Belt, which is geologically and tectonically separate from the Philippine Sea Plate.

The plate is bordered mostly by convergent boundaries: To the north, the Philippine Sea Plate meets the Okhotsk Plate at the Nankai Trough. The Philippine Sea Plate, the Amurian Plate, and the Okhotsk Plate meet near Mount Fuji in Japan. The thickened crust of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc colliding with Japan constitutes the Izu Collision Zone. The east of the plate includes the Izu–Ogasawara (Bonin) and the Mariana Islands, forming the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc system. There is also a divergent boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the small Mariana Plate which carries the Mariana Islands. To the east, the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu–Ogasawara Trench. To the south, the Philippine Sea Plate is bounded by the Caroline Plate and Bird's Head Plate. To the west, the Philippine Sea Plate subducts under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Philippine Trench and the East Luzon Trench. (The adjacent rendition of Prof. Peter Bird's map is inaccurate in this respect.) To the northwest, the Philippine Sea Plate meets Taiwan and the Nansei islands on the Okinawa Plate, and southern Japan on the Amurian Plate. It also meets the Yangtze Plate due northwest.

title: Philippine Sea Plate


text:
RSP

RSP may refer to:

Music

 * RSP (band), a Japanese hip-hop and R&B group
 * Rubber Soul Project, a Serbian rock music band

Business

 * Recognised Safety Professional, a designation awarded by the International Institute of Risk & Safety Management
 * Rourkela Steel Plant, one of the largest steel plants in India

Technology

 * Retail Service Provider, an end-user supplier for the Australian National Broadband Network
 * Role Swap Protocol, a communication protocol used internally by the USB On-The-Go standard
 * Remote SIM provisioning, in mobile phone technology

Transportation

 * Rail Settlement Plan, provider of revenue allocation and support services to Britain's Train Operating Companies
 * Rail Sim Pro, a rail simulator by Auran Software
 * Recruit Sustainment Program, program of the United States National Guard

Companies

 * Rising Sun Pictures, an Australian visual effects service provider
 * Rogers Sportsnet Pacific, Canadian sports channel
 * RSP Architects Planners & Engineers, a Singaporean architectural firm.

Other uses

 * Rana Sura Padakkama, a military decoration of Sri Lanka
 * Rancho San Pedro gang, a street gang in California, US
 * Receiving stolen property, a crime in which an individual has possession of stolen goods
 * Progressive Social Networks (Spanish: Redes Sociales Progresistas), a political party in Mexico
 * Reform Socialist Party, a small socialist party in Italy
 * Repositories Support Project, a project that supports development of UK-based repositories
 * Reservestridsproviant, a canned food made for the Norwegian Army
 * Resource Specialist Program, a category of special education program in some US schools
 * Respirable suspended particle, particles of 10 micrometres or less
 * Respiratory syncytial virus, a human pathogen causing cold- or flu-like disease
 * Retirement Savings Plan, Canadian account for holding savings and retirement assets
 * Revolutionary Socialist Party (disambiguation)
 * Riverfront State Prison in Camden, New Jersey
 * Rickey Shane Page, professional wrestler

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: RSP


text:
Talk:Goldstone, San Bernardino County, California

Article name
Unless there are two Goldstones in California, which doesn't appear to be the case, this article should be titled "Goldstone, California" to fit in with Wikipedia format. If there are two Goldstones, it should be called "Goldstone, San Bernardino County, California." Thanks. Moncrief

 * I concur with Moncrief. -- Seth Ilys 04:08, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * It looks like Goldstone isn't really a town, but a site covered by GDSCC. See for more information. Give me a few days to look for more information. --Maio 14:35, Mar 12, 2004 (UTC)


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University of Alaska System

The University of Alaska System is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was created in 1917 and comprises three separately accredited universities on 19 campuses. The system serves nearly 30,000 full- and part-time students and offers 400 unique degree programs.

Each of the three main universities has several satellite campuses in smaller communities. UAA also operates three large satellite community colleges. The three major institutions in the University of Alaska system are:

 * University of Alaska Anchorage, the largest university by enrollment in the system;
 * University of Alaska Fairbanks, the first university and flagship;
 * University of Alaska Southeast, located in the capital city of Juneau, with campuses in Sitka and Ketchikan and the smallest by enrollment.

Since the population of Alaska is smaller than that of most U.S. states, the University of Alaska System is a relatively small one. However, it does have several notable academic departments. At UAF, these are the geology department, the atmospheric sciences department, and the wildlife biology department. Reflecting the state's small population, the amount of federal land granted to the University of Alaska under the Morrill Act was the second-smallest grant in the country.

Governance
The University of Alaska is formally established under Article VII of the Alaska State Constitution. Article VII also establishes a board of regents, appointed by the state's governor and confirmed by the state's legislature, that is tasked with governing the university. All regents serve eight-year terms, except for the student regent, who is nominated by the three main campuses for a two-year term. The board selects a university president who oversees the statewide administration. Under the president, responsibility for the three main universities is assigned to their respective chancellors. There is also the Coalition of Student Leaders, a group of representatives from the UA student governments that advocates for student issues.

University of Alaska Anchorage
The University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) is the largest university in the state, with approximately 15,000 full- and part-time students across all of its campuses. Roughly two thirds of University of Alaska students attend UAA. There are twelve Colleges within UAA, four of which are community campuses in Valdez, Kenai Peninsula (Soldotna and Homer), Kodiak, and the Mat-Su. UAA has thirteen different sports through the NCAA, and competes nationally as the Seawolves. The Carnegie Foundation has classified the institution as a community-engaged campus with high enrollments in undergraduate programs, and a balance among arts, sciences, and professional preparation. Alaska's only medical school or WWAMI program is also administered through the Anchorage campus. The campus is also home to the only FAA-approved collegiate flight training program in the state.

University of Alaska Fairbanks
The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) was known officially as the University of Alaska from 1925 to 1975. UAF is home to the noted Geophysical Institute, which operates the Poker Flat Research Range, a collegiate rocket test range. Until 2015, there was also the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, the location of the only Cray supercomputer in the Arctic region. There is also the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, which has facilities and research projects all over Alaska and the Arctic Ocean. It is the first university founded in Alaska and is the flagship institution of the University of Alaska system.

The University of Alaska Fairbanks also has five satellite campuses in Fairbanks: the Bristol Bay Campus in Dillingham, the Chukchi Campus in Kotzebue, the Interior Alaska Campus (based in Fairbanks but serving rural communities across Interior Alaska), the Kuskokwim Campus in Bethel, and the Northwest Campus in Nome. The Kuskokwim Campus also operates a remote learning center in Hooper Bay.

University of Alaska Southeast
The University of Alaska Southeast (UAS) is located in the state's capital, Juneau, and is the smallest system. Although it has campuses in Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan, the Juneau Campus is the largest of the three. UAS focuses on a strong liberal arts education and experiential learning. There are four academic schools at UAS: the School of Arts & Sciences, the School of Management, the School of Career Education, and the School of Education. As of 2017, the Board of Regents of Alaska has appointed UAS as the University of Alaska's center for the College of Education.

title: University of Alaska System


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List of minor planets

The following is a list of numbered minor planets in ascending numerical order. With the exception of comets, minor planets are all small bodies in the Solar System, including asteroids, distant objects and dwarf planets. The catalog consists of hundreds of pages, each containing 1,000 minor planets. Every year, the Minor Planet Center, which operates on behalf of the International Astronomical Union, publishes thousands of newly numbered minor planets in its Minor Planet Circulars (see index). , there are 699,991 numbered minor planets (secured discoveries) out of a total of 1,368,727 observed small Solar System bodies, with the remainder being unnumbered minor planets and comets.

The catalog's first object is, discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801, while its best-known entry is Pluto, listed as. The vast majority (97.3%) of minor planets are asteroids from the asteroid belt (the catalog uses a color code to indicate a body's dynamical classification). There are more than a thousand different minor-planet discoverers observing from a growing list of registered observatories. In terms of numbers, the most prolific discoverers are Spacewatch, LINEAR, MLS, NEAT and CSS. There are also 23,542 named minor planets mostly after people, places and figures from mythology and fiction, which account for only 3.8% of all numbered catalog entries. and are currently the lowest-numbered unnamed and highest-numbered named minor planets, respectively.

It is expected that the upcoming survey by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will discover another 5 million minor planets during the next ten years—almost a tenfold increase from current numbers. While all main-belt asteroids with a diameter above 10 km have already been discovered, there might be as many as 10 trillion 1 m-sized asteroids or larger out to the orbit of Jupiter; and more than a trillion minor planets in the Kuiper belt. For minor planets grouped by a particular aspect or property, see .

Description of partial lists
The list of minor planets consists of more than 600 partial lists, each containing 1000 minor planets grouped into 10 tables. The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) and expanded with data from the JPL SBDB (mean-diameter), Johnston's archive (sub-classification) and others (see detailed field descriptions below). For an overview of all existing partial lists, see .

The information given for a minor planet includes a permanent and provisional designation ', a citation that links to the meanings of minor planet names (only if named), the discovery date, location, and credited discoverers ( and ), a category with a more refined classification than the principal grouping represented by the background color ', a mean-diameter, sourced from JPL's SBDB or otherwise calculated estimates in italics , and a reference (Ref) to the corresponding pages at MPC and JPL SBDB.

The MPC may credit one or several astronomers, a survey or similar program, or even the observatory site with the discovery. In the first column of the table, an existing stand-alone article is linked in boldface, while (self-)redirects are never linked. Discoverers, discovery site and category are only linked if they differ from the preceding catalog entry.

Example

 * -bgcolor=#d6d6d6
 * 189001 || 4889 P-L || — || 24 September 1960 || Palomar || PLS || — || align=right | 3.4 km ||
 * -id=002 bgcolor=#fefefe
 * 189002 || 6760 P-L || — || 24 September 1960 || Palomar || PLS || NYS || align=right data-sort-value="0.96" | 960 m ||
 * -id=003 bgcolor=#d6d6d6
 * 189003 || 3009 T-3 || — || 16 October 1977 || Palomar || PLS || — || align=right | 5.1 km ||
 * -id=004 bgcolor=#C2FFFF
 * 189004 Capys || 3184 T-3 || || 16 October 1977 || Palomar || PLS || L5 || align=right | 12 km ||
 * -id=005 bgcolor=#E9E9E9
 * 189005 || 5176 T-3 || — || 16 October 1977 || Palomar || PLS || — || align=right | 3.5 km ||
 * }

The example above shows five catalog entries from one of the partial lists. All five asteroids were discovered at Palomar Observatory by the Palomar–Leiden survey (PLS). The MPC directly credits the survey's principal investigators, that is, the astronomers Cornelis van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels. (This is the only instance where the list of minor planets diverges from the Discovery Circumstances in the official MPC list. ) 189004 Capys, discovered on 16 October 1977, is the only named minor planet among these five. Its background color indicates that it is a Jupiter trojan (from the Trojan camp at Jupiter's ), estimated to be approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. All other objects are smaller asteroids from the inner (white), central (light-grey) and outer regions (dark grey) of the asteroid belt. The provisional designation for all objects is an uncommon survey designation.

Designation
After discovery, minor planets generally receive a provisional designation, e.g., then a leading sequential number in parentheses, e.g. , turning it into a permanent designation (numbered minor planet). Optionally, a name can be given, replacing the provisional part of the designation, e.g. . (On Wikipedia, named minor planets also drop their parentheses.)

In modern times, a minor planet receives a sequential number only after it has been observed several times over at least 4 oppositions. Minor planets whose orbits are not (yet) precisely known are known by their provisional designation. This rule was not necessarily followed in earlier times, and some bodies received a number but subsequently became lost minor planets. The 2000 recovery of, which had been lost for nearly 89 years, eliminated the last numbered lost asteroid. Only after a number is assigned is the minor planet eligible to receive a name. Usually the discoverer has up to 10 years to pick a name; many minor planets now remain unnamed. Especially towards the end of the twentieth century, large-scale automated asteroid discovery programs such as LINEAR have increased the pace of discoveries so much that the vast majority of minor planets will most likely never receive names.

For these reasons, the sequence of numbers only approximately matches the timeline of discovery. In extreme cases, such as lost minor planets, there may be a considerable mismatch: for instance the high-numbered was originally discovered in 1937, but it was lost until 2003. Only after it was rediscovered could its orbit be established and a number assigned.

Discoverers
The MPC credits more than 1,000 professional and amateur astronomers as discoverers of minor planets. Many of them have discovered only a few minor planets or even just co-discovered a single one. Moreover, a discoverer does not need to be a human being. There are about 300 programs, surveys and observatories credited as discoverers. Among these, a small group of U.S. programs and surveys actually account for most of all discoveries made so far (see pie chart). As the total of numbered minor planets is growing by the tens of thousands every year, all statistical figures are constantly changing. In contrast to the Top 10 discoverers displayed in this articles, the MPC summarizes the total of discoveries somewhat differently, that is by a distinct group of discoverers. For example, bodies discovered in the Palomar–Leiden Survey are directly credited to the program's principal investigators.

Discovery site
Observatories, telescopes and surveys that report astrometric observations of small Solar System bodies to the Minor Planet Center receive a numeric or alphanumeric MPC code such as 675 for the Palomar Observatory, or G96 for the Mount Lemmon Survey. On numbering, the MPC may directly credit such an observatory or program as the discoverer of an object, rather than one or several astronomers.

Category
In this catalog, minor planets are classified into one of 8 principal orbital groups and highlighted with a distinct color. These are:

The vast majority of minor planets are evenly distributed between the inner-, central and outer parts of the asteroid belt, which are separated by the two Kirkwood gaps at 2.5 and 2.82 AU. Nearly 97.5% of all minor planets are main-belt asteroids (MBA), while Jupiter trojans, Mars-crossing and near-Earth asteroids each account for less than 1% of the overall population. Only a small number of distant minor planets, that is the centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects, have been numbered so far. In the partial lists, table column "category" further refines this principal grouping:
 * main-belt asteroids show their family membership based on the synthetic hierarchical clustering method by Nesvorný (2014),
 * resonant asteroids are displayed by their numerical ratio and include the Hildas (3:2), Cybeles (7:4), Thules (4:3) and Griquas (2:1), while the Jupiter trojans (1:1) display whether they belong to the Greek or Trojan camp ,
 * Hungaria asteroids (H), are labelled in italics (H), when they are not members of the collisional family
 * near-Earth objects are divided into the Aten (ATE), Amor (AMO), Apollo (APO), and Atira (ATI) group, with some of them being potentially hazardous asteroids (PHA), and/or larger than one kilometer in diameter (+1km) as determined by the MPC.
 * trans-Neptunian objects are divided into dynamical subgroups including cubewanos (hot or cold), scattered disc objects, plutinos and other Neptunian resonances,
 * comet-like and/or retrograde objects with a TJupiter value below 2 are tagged with damocloid,
 * other unusual objects based on MPC's and Johnston's lists are labelled unusual,
 * binary and trinary minor planets with companions are tagged with "moon" and link to their corresponding entry in minor-planet moon,
 * objects with an exceptionally long or short rotation period are tagged with "slow" (period of 100+ hours) or "fast" (period of less than 2.2 hours) and link to their corresponding entry in List of slow rotators and List of fast rotators, respectively.
 * minor planets which also received a periodic-comet number (such as ) link to the List of numbered comets

 * (a) NEO-subgroups with number of members: Aten (255), Amor (1,275), Apollo (1,566) and Atira (8) asteroids.
 * (b) Including 37 unclassified bodies: 6144 Kondojiro, 8373 Stephengould, 9767 Midsomer Norton,,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela, , , , , , , , , , , (colored as for being unclassified).
 * (c) This chart has been created using a classification scheme adopted from and with data provided by the JPL Small-Body Database.

Diameter
If available, a minor planet's mean diameter in meters (m) or kilometers (km) is taken from the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which the Small-Body Database has also adopted. Mean diameters are rounded to two significant figures if smaller than 100 kilometers. Estimates are in italics and calculated from a magnitude-to-diameter conversion, using an assumed albedo derived from the body's orbital parameters or, if available, from a family-specific mean albedo (also see asteroid family table).

Main index
This is an overview of all existing partial lists of numbered minor planets (LoMP). Each table stands for 100,000 minor planets, each cell for a specific partial list of 1,000 sequentially numbered bodies. The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center. For an introduction, see .

Numberings 600,001–700,000

 * 1) FFCCFF was skipped for 600K because of its similarities to 500K's #FFCCE6
 * 2) CCD9FF can be used between #CCCCFF and #CCE6FF if needed.

Specific lists
The following are lists of minor planets by physical properties, orbital properties, or discovery circumstances:
 * List of exceptional asteroids (physical properties)
 * List of slow rotators (minor planets)
 * List of fast rotators (minor planets)
 * List of tumblers (small Solar System bodies)
 * List of instrument-resolved minor planets
 * List of Jupiter trojans (Greek camp)
 * List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp)
 * List of minor planets visited by spacecraft
 * List of minor planet moons
 * List of minor-planet groups
 * List of named minor planets (alphabetical)
 * List of named minor planets (numerical)
 * List of possible dwarf planets
 * List of centaurs (small Solar System bodies)
 * List of trans-Neptunian objects
 * List of unnumbered minor planets
 * List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects
 * Meanings of minor planet names
 * List of minor planets named after people
 * List of minor planets named after places
 * List of minor planets named after rivers

Other lists

 * List of comets

title: List of minor planets


text:
Goldstone

Goldstone may refer to:

Places

 * Goldstone, Shropshire, a small village in Shropshire, England
 * Goldstone, California, a ghost town near the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
 * Goldstone Lake, a dry lake in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California
 * Goldstone Catena, a valley on Mercury
 * Goldstone Gts Airport, private airport north of Barstow, California

Objects

 * Goldstone (glass), a gemstone simulant
 * Goldstone boson, certain bosons in particle and condensed-matter physics
 * Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, a network of radio antennae in California's Mojave Desert
 * Goldstone Solar System Radar
 * Goldstone Ground, the former stadium of Brighton & Hove Albion football club
 * Goldstone Primary School, a primary school in Hove
 * 4433 Goldstone, a main-belt asteroid discovered on August 30, 1981, by Ted Bowell
 * Goldstone (crater), crater on Mars

Other uses

 * Goldstone (surname)
 * Goldstone (band), a British girl group
 * Goldstone (film), a 2016 Australian film
 * Goldstone Tires, a tire manufacturer based in Tehran, Iran

title: Goldstone


text:
Retaining wall

Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of inconveniently steep terrain in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is called a seawall or a bulkhead.

Definition
A retaining wall is designed to hold in place a mass of earth or the like, such as the edge of a terrace or excavation. The structure is constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.

A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall; however, the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures.

Every retaining wall supports a "wedge" of soil. The wedge is defined as the soil which extends beyond the failure plane of the soil type present at the wall site, and can be calculated once the soil friction angle is known. As the setback of the wall increases, the size of the sliding wedge is reduced. This reduction lowers the pressure on the retaining wall.

The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is to recognize and counteract the tendency of the retained material to move downslope due to gravity. This creates lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction (phi) and the cohesive strength (c) of the retained material, as well as the direction and magnitude of movement the retaining structure undergoes.

Lateral earth pressures are zero at the top of the wall and – in homogeneous ground – increase proportionally to a maximum value at the lowest depth. Earth pressures will push the wall forward or overturn it if not properly addressed. Also, any groundwater behind the wall that is not dissipated by a drainage system causes hydrostatic pressure on the wall. The total pressure or thrust may be assumed to act at one-third from the lowest depth for lengthwise stretches of uniform height.

It is important to have proper drainage behind the wall in order to limit the pressure to the wall's design value. Drainage materials will reduce or eliminate the hydrostatic pressure and improve the stability of the material behind the wall. Drystone retaining walls are normally self-draining.

As an example, the International Building Code requires retaining walls to be designed to ensure stability against overturning, sliding, excessive foundation pressure and water uplift; and that they be designed for a safety factor of 1.5 against lateral sliding and overturning.

Gravity

Gravity walls depend on their mass (stone, concrete or other heavy material) to resist pressure from behind and may have a 'batter' setback to improve stability by leaning back toward the retained soil. For short landscaping walls, they are often made from mortarless stone or segmental concrete units (masonry units). Dry-stacked gravity walls are somewhat flexible and do not require a rigid footing. They can be built to a low height without additional materials being inserted, and have concrete added for strength and stability.

Earlier in the 20th century, taller retaining walls were often gravity walls made from large masses of concrete or stone. Today, taller retaining walls are increasingly built as composite gravity walls such as: geosynthetics such as geocell cellular confinement earth retention or with precast facing; gabions (stacked steel wire baskets filled with rocks); crib walls (cells built up log cabin style from precast concrete or timber and filled with granular material).

Cantilevered
Cantilevered retaining walls are made from an internal stem of steel-reinforced, cast-in-place concrete or mortared masonry (often in the shape of an inverted T). These walls cantilever loads (like a beam) to a large, structural footing, converting horizontal pressures from behind the wall to vertical pressures on the ground below. Sometimes cantilevered walls are buttressed on the front, or include a counterfort on the back, to improve their strength resisting high loads. Buttresses are short wing walls at right angles to the main trend of the wall. These walls require rigid concrete footings below seasonal frost depth. This type of wall uses much less material than a traditional gravity wall.

Diaphragm wall
Diaphragm walls are a type of retaining walls that are very stiff and generally watertight. Diaphragm walls are expensive walls, but they save time and space, and hence are used in urban constructions.

Sheet piling

Sheet pile retaining walls are usually used in soft soil and tight spaces. Sheet pile walls are driven into the ground and are composed of a variety of material including steel, vinyl, aluminum, fiberglass or wood planks. For a quick estimate the material is usually driven 1/3 above ground, 2/3 below ground, but this may be altered depending on the environment. Taller sheet pile walls will need a tie-back anchor, or "dead-man" placed in the soil a distance behind the face of the wall, that is tied to the wall, usually by a cable or a rod. Anchors are then placed behind the potential failure plane in the soil.

Bored pile

Bored pile retaining walls are built by assembling a sequence of bored piles, followed by excavating away the excess soil. Depending on the project, the bored pile retaining wall may include a series of earth anchors, reinforcing beams, soil improvement operations and shotcrete reinforcement layer. This construction technique tends to be employed in scenarios where sheet piling is a valid construction solution, but where the vibration or noise levels generated by a pile driver are not acceptable.

Anchored
An anchored retaining wall can be constructed in any of the aforementioned styles but also includes additional strength using cables or other stays anchored in the rock or soil behind it. Usually driven into the material with boring, anchors are then expanded at the end of the cable, either by mechanical means or often by injecting pressurized concrete, which expands to form a bulb in the soil. Technically complex, this method is very useful where high loads are expected, or where the wall itself has to be slender and would otherwise be too weak.

Soil nailing
Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements – normally steel reinforcing bars. The bars are usually installed into a pre-drilled hole and then grouted into place or drilled and grouted simultaneously. They are usually installed untensioned at a slight downward inclination. A rigid or flexible facing (often sprayed concrete) or isolated soil nail heads may be used at the surface.

Soil-strengthened
A number of systems exist that do not consist of just the wall, but reduce the earth pressure acting directly on the wall. These are usually used in combination with one of the other wall types, though some may only use it as facing, i.e., for visual purposes.

Gabion meshes
This type of soil strengthening, often also used without an outside wall, consists of wire mesh "boxes", which are filled with roughly cut stone or other material. The mesh cages reduce some internal movement and forces, and also reduce erosive forces. Gabion walls are free-draining retaining structures and as such are often built in locations where ground water is present. However, management and control of the ground water in and around all retaining walls is important.

Mechanical stabilization
Mechanically stabilized earth, also called MSE, is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing via layered horizontal mats (geosynthetics) fixed at their ends. These mats provide added internal shear resistance beyond that of simple gravity wall structures. Other options include steel straps, also layered. This type of soil strengthening usually needs outer facing walls (S.R.W.'s – Segmental Retaining Walls) to affix the layers to and vice versa.

The wall face is often of precast concrete units that can tolerate some differential movement. The reinforced soil's mass, along with the facing, then acts as an improved gravity wall. The reinforced mass must be built large enough to retain the pressures from the soil behind it. Gravity walls usually must be a minimum of 50 to 60 percent as deep or thick as the height of the wall, and may have to be larger if there is a slope or surcharge on the wall.

Cellular confinement systems (geocells) are also used for steep earth stabilization in gravity and reinforced retaining walls with geogrids. Geocell retaining walls are structurally stable under self- weight and externally imposed loads, while the flexibility of the structure offers very high seismic resistance. The outer fascia cells of the wall can be planted with vegetation to create a green wall.

title: Retaining wall


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African Plate

The African Plate, also known as the Nubian Plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes much of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It is bounded by the North American Plate and South American Plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian Plate and Somali Plate to the east; the Eurasian Plate, Aegean Sea Plate and Anatolian Plate to the north; and the Antarctic Plate to the south.

Between and, the Somali Plate began rifting from the African Plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African Plate as the Nubian Plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.

Boundaries
The western edge of the African Plate is a divergent boundary with the North American Plate to the north and the South American Plate to the south which forms the central and southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The African Plate is bounded on the northeast by the Arabian Plate, the southeast by the Somali Plate, the north by the Eurasian Plate, the Aegean Sea Plate, and the Anatolian Plate, and on the south by the Antarctic Plate at the Southwest Indian Ridge. All of these are divergent or spreading boundaries with the exception of the northern boundary and a short segment near the Azores known as the Terceira Rift.

Components

The African Plate includes several cratons, stable blocks of old crust with deep roots in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and less stable terranes, which came together to form the African continent during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangea around 250 million years ago. The cratons are from south to north, the Kalahari Craton, Congo Craton, Tanzania Craton and West African Craton. The cratons were widely separated in the past, but came together during the Pan-African orogeny and stayed together when Gondwana split up. The cratons are connected by orogenic belts, regions of highly deformed rock where the tectonic plates have engaged.

The Saharan Metacraton has been tentatively identified as the remains of a craton that has become detached from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, but alternatively may consist of a collection of unrelated crustal fragments swept together during the Pan-African orogeny.

In some areas, the cratons are covered by sedimentary basins, such as the Tindouf Basin, Taoudeni Basin and Congo Basin, where the underlying archaic crust is overlaid by more recent Neoproterozoic sediments. The plate includes shear zones such as the Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) where, in the past, two sections of the crust were moving in opposite directions, and rifts such as the Anza Trough where the crust was pulled apart, and the resulting depression filled with more modern sediment.

Modern movements
The African Plate is rifting in the eastern interior of the African continent along the East African Rift. This rift zone separates the African Plate to the west from the Somali Plate to the east. One hypothesis proposes a mantle plume rising beneath the Afar region pushing the crust outward, whereas an opposing hypothesis explains the rifting by dynamics in the crust, as a break in the African Plate along a line of maximum weakness as plates to its east move rapidly northward.

The African Plate's speed is estimated at 2.15 cm per year. It has been moving over the past 100 million years or so in a general northeast direction. It is pushing closer to the Eurasian Plate, causing subduction where oceanic crust is converging with continental crust (e.g. portions of the central and eastern Mediterranean). In the western Mediterranean, the relative motions of the Eurasian and African plates produce a combination of lateral and compressive forces, concentrated in a zone known as the Azores–Gibraltar Fault Zone. Along its northeast margin, the African Plate is bounded by the Red Sea Rift where the Arabian Plate is moving away from the African Plate.

The New England hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean has probably created a short line of mid- to late-Tertiary age seamounts on the African Plate but appears to be currently inactive.

title: African Plate


text:
Joe Satrom

Joe Satrom (born 10 October 1945) is an American businessman and environmental lobbyist from the U.S. state of North Dakota. He won the 2004 Democratic-NPL nomination for governor, but was defeated by the Republican incumbent, John Hoeven.

Satrom was born on his family's farm in Broadlawn Township in Steele County, North Dakota. He attended North Dakota State University and was editor-in-chief of the campus newspaper, The Spectrum, for two years.

In 1968 Satrom graduated from NDSU with a B.S. in agricultural education. He sat as a delegate to the state Democratic convention that year. Late that year he inquired with Governor Guy about possible positions for him in the administration, and was offered a job as travel director.

In summer of 1969 he married Katherine Platt in Fargo. In 1971 they opened Viking Travel, a travel agency in Bismarck. They sold it a couple of years later. In 1978 Joe and Katherine opened Satrom Travel and Tour as a completely independent travel company, and expanded to eight locations in North Dakota and Montana; all but two were eventually sold.

In 1980 Satrom lost a race to be a representative from District 47, however in 1982 he ran for senate in District 52 and won. He served until 1992.

He is a shareholder and sits on the board of Borgen Systems, a refrigerated display case firm based in Des Moines, Iowa.

Satrom is a member of Ducks Unlimited and the Nature Conservancy.

title: Joe Satrom


text:
User talk:Rparle

Please put new comments in the relevant section or create a new section for them. Archive up to October 2004: Welcome Messages, Eric Braeden, Hi!, Andre Norton, Gaijin, User:Brettz9/videoscript comments, Sarah Chalke, Comment from user page, re: Bradley Amendment, Abbey Theatre, Theatre Royal, Dublin, Purge button

WikiMagic
I'm not sure whether I responded, so I will do it now. (Sorry, if I did so previously) As you might have noticed, since I started the project, I'm more knowledgeable on magic. The problem with exposure is that lots of tricks are copyrighted and you're unlikely to get permission from magicians to include those effects (tricks) in Wikipedia. We need to keep in check with guidelines whatever we do. Also, the current stuff we have on exposure adss a definite negative connotation to magic, and I want that cleared first. I'm not against exposure in principle, but we should be really careful with our decision in that respect. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 19:16, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * A lot of people seem to not know about stuff like that. Maybe I should write a bit about magic and copyright in the main article - Magic (illusion)...[[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 20:28, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Welcoming committee
Hi. I saw you welcome a user the other day, so I would like to invite you to join the Welcoming committee. What the committee does is post welcome messages such Template:Welcome on new users' talk pages to welcome them, answer any questions they have, etc. If you are interested in joining, please sign your name here. Thanks. --Lst27 18:17, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * To find out information about new users, you can go to New user log, where new users introduce themselves.

There are several places you can go to find new users. Besides the New user log, you can find them through Special:Contributions/Newbies, which is like the Recentchanges but only displays the changes made by users who recently have created an account. You can also go to Reference desk, where newbies and other new users ask questions, and you can answer their questions. Or you can just go to the Recentchanges and see if there are any users who does not have a Userpage and/or User talk page. Those users are probably newbies. --Lst27 20:32, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

JFET picture
Nice JFET diagram! Can you make more? :-) - Omegatron 18:14, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

changed license
Hi. I changed the license for [[Media:Pwned counterstrike.png|the image you uploaded]] from GFDL to screenshot. Unless I'm mistaken, that image is a screenshot of the counterstrike game. -Frazzydee|✍ 05:32, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome
Just a belated response to your welcome message from 8th October 2004 :) I'm a fairly infrequent visitor to Wikipedia, I'll probably limit myself to minor corrections etc.  If I ever find myself with time on my hands, however, I'll certainly devote some of it to helping out with contributing some stuff on Ireland. Thanks - --Ryano 14:11, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Purge Cache Script
I love your "purge cache script"! I love it so much that I've converted it to greasemonkey. It works on many (most? all?) Wikimedia projects. Feel free to add a link to the greasemonkey script on your purge cache script page! 00:15, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia UK/Wikimania 2006
Hi, this is a circular to Wikipedians in Ireland to draw your attention to Wikimedia UK, where the establishment of a local Wikimedia chapter for the United Kingdom (and possibly for the Republic of Ireland) is being discussed. See the talk page, as well as the mailing list; a meetup will take place to discuss matters in London in September, for anyone who can get there. On another topic, plans are being drawn up for a UK bid for Wikimania 2006, which would be conveniently close to Ireland. On the other hand, Dublin's bid was one of the final three last year - might we bid again? --Kwekubo 19:32, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

KTVX
You have received this message because you have edited a Salt Lake City media article in the past. We have recently had an edit war regarding the wording and inclusion of a paragraph on the KTVX article. In hopes of resolving this I have put together an informal survey. If you are interested, please stop by Talk:KTVX and add a vote. Thanks, A 09:12, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Autostereogram
I've nominated Autostereogram for Featured Article status, and I see from the talk page that you were quite involved with creating the fantastic article that is there now. I thought you'd like to know, both for self-gratification and so that you have a chance to take part in the process. I don't think I know enough about the subject to address many of the issues that could be raised, especially as I don't see any problems with it at all! Skittle 16:02, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Cyrus Simpson
The episode would be Simpsons Christmas Stories. Its canonicity is somewhat in question, however, since the story that includes Cyrus is confirmed as true by Santa Claus. It appears that it's been accepted here, though, since he's listed as a relative of Abraham in the infobox at Abraham Simpson. └ O z L a w y e r  / talk  ┐ 00:07, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Pwned_counterstrike.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Pwned_counterstrike.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Core desat 01:39, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

File:Autostereogram 2box 600x400.png needs authorship information
Dear uploader:

The media file you uploaded as File:Autostereogram 2box 600x400.png appears to be missing information as to its authorship (and or source), or if you did provide such information, it is confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

It would be appreciated if you would consider updating the file description page, to make the authorship of the media clearer.

Although some images may not need author information in obvious cases, (such where an applicable source is provided), authorship information aids users of the image, and helps ensure that appropriate credit is given (a requirement of some licenses).

 * If you created this media yourself, please consider explicitly including your user name, for which: will produce an appropriate expansion, or use the own template.

 * If this is an old image, for which the authorship is unknown or impossible to determine, please indicate this on the file description page.

If you have any questions please see Help:File page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 12:08, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Barton Cup
Hello, and thanks for creating this article. It's been tagged for notability for 5 years now, so is in danger of being nominated for deletion. Would you be able to look it over and see if you can make any improvements? Best wishes, Boleyn (talk) 10:23, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Barton Cup for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Barton Cup is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Barton Cup until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boleyn (talk) 20:08, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Starry Night (planetarium software)

A tag has been placed on Starry Night (planetarium software), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. - R9tgokunks   ⭕  19:01, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rparle


text:
Ittihad

The Ittihad Party (İttihad firqəsi) was an Islamist party in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic that existed from 1917 to 1920. It was formed after the groups Ganja Ittihad-i Islam and Rusyada Muslumanliq merged in September 1917 in opposition to the secular Musavat, and proposed political unity of all of the Muslims within the Russian Empire (ittihad in Arabic means "union"). In addition to propagating the legalization of the Sharia law within the Muslim communities, the goal of the Ittihadists was to prevent the formation of independent nation-states by the Muslim ethnic groups of the Russian Empire. In 1918, Ittihad won 11 seats in the Azerbaijani parliament, becoming the second largest party in the legislature by number of seats. The Ittihadists' vehement opposition to Musavat, which formed the minority government in Azerbaijan in 1918–1920, led to their collaboration with the White Russians under Anton Denikin. Upon the defeat of the latter, Ittihad started leaning politically towards the approaching Bolsheviks who eventually Sovietized Azerbaijan on 28 April 1920. By that time, the Ittihad leaders had made a statement declaring the fulfillment of their goals and urging their members to join the newly formed Azerbaijan Communist Party. The leader of the party, Dr. Gara Garabeyov, eventually émigrated to Turkey.

title: Ittihad


text:
Martin Caidin

Martin Caidin (September 14, 1927 – March 24, 1997) was an American author, screenwriter, and an authority on aeronautics and aviation.

Caidin began writing fiction in 1957. In his career he authored more than 50 fiction and nonfiction books as well as more than 1,000 magazine articles. His best-known novel is Cyborg, which was the basis for The Six Million Dollar Man franchise. He also wrote numerous works of military history, especially concerning aviation.

Caidin was also an airplane pilot. He bought and restored a 1936 Junkers Ju 52 airplane.

Fiction
Caidin's fiction incorporated future technological advances that were projected to occur, and examined the political and social repercussions of these innovations. In this respect, his work is similar to that of Michael Crichton. One recurring theme is that of cyborgs, meldings of man and machine, using replacement body parts known as bionics. Caidin references bionics in his novel The God Machine (1968) and in his most famous novel, Cyborg (1972). Cyborg was adapted somewhat vaguely as the 1973 television movie The Six Million Dollar Man, the precursor of a television series of the same name. Caidin wrote three sequels to Cyborg: Operation Nuke, High Crystal, and Cyborg IV. These novels constitute a different continuity from that of The Six Million Dollar Man. (Novelizations of several of the television episodes were written by other authors; these tend to imitate more closely Caidin's original version of the Steve Austin character than the less violent television series does.)

Caidin was credited in episodes of the original Bionic Woman series, a Six Million Dollar Man spinoff, but not in the 2007 remake of The Bionic Woman.

Years later, Caidin would reference bionics in a satirical manner in his novel Buck Rogers: A Life in the Future, an adaptation of the pulp fiction and comic strip character Buck Rogers in which Rogers is given bionic parts after being revived from his centuries-long coma.

Caidin's 1964 novel, Marooned, about American astronauts who become stranded in space and NASA's subsequent attempt to rescue them, is based on Project Mercury. The book, adapted into a 1969 movie of the same name, stars Gregory Peck, Richard Crenna, David Janssen, James Franciscus, Gene Hackman, with Caidin making a brief appearance as a reporter describing the arrival of the rescue vehicle at Cape Canaveral. The movie was based on Project Apollo and Caidin revised his novel in 1969, as a movie novelization, to reflect the change.

World War Two books written by Caidin include Samurai!; Black Thursday; Thunderbolt!; Fork-Tailed Devil: The P-38; Flying Forts; Zero!; The Ragged, Rugged Warriors; A Torch to the Enemy; and The Last Dogfight. Caidin's books about space travel include No Man's World, in which the Soviets beat the Americans to the moon, and Four Came Back, about an ill-fated space station for eight crew members. Caidin's other books with movie tie-ins include The Final Countdown and novels featuring adventurer-archaeologist Indiana Jones. He also wrote the book Exit Earth, which was a Noah's Ark in space story; he said it was one of his favorite books and he always felt it would be an amazing motion picture.

Aeronautics
Caidin bought and restored to full airworthiness the oldest surviving Junkers Ju 52 aircraft, a Ju 52/3m, Serial № 5489, which he named Iron Annie. Caidin was pilot-in-command of Iron Annie on November 14, 1981, when 19 people walked on one of its wings, a world record. He was one of a small number of pilots to have successfully taken off a Junkers Ju 52 in less than 400 ft. After touring extensively among shows of vintage military aircraft, or warbirds, Iron Annie was sold to Lufthansa during 1984. The airline renamed it Tempelhof, and continues to use it today, for charter and VIP flights. Caidin chronicled the warbird restoration movement generally in Ragwings and Heavy Iron, and the restoration and further adventures of Iron Annie specifically in The Saga of Iron Annie. His novel Jericho 52 also incorporates many of his experiences with Iron Annie.

During 1961, Caidin was one of the pilots of a formation flight of B-17s across the Atlantic Ocean, likely the last such flight, from the United States to England via Canada, the Azores, and Portugal. During the voyage, the pilots had a near-miss with a submarine. Caidin recounted this journey in his book Everything But The Flak.

Caidin also worked as a pilot for the movie The War Lover, flew with the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds demonstration squadron for several months, and was made an honorary member of the U.S. Army's Golden Knights parachute demonstration team.

Additionally, Caidin wrote an aircraft manual for the Messerschmitt Bf 108, which has been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration as the standard manual for the plane, and twice won the Aviation/Space Writers Association award for the outstanding author on aviation.

Caidin also established a company with the purpose of promoting aeronautics to young people.

Talk show host
During the mid-1980s, Caidin hosted Face to Face, a confrontational television talk show in which he challenged representatives of many prominent American far-right organizations and hate groups. The one-hour broadcasts were co-written and produced by Bob Judson, and taped at the Nautilus Television Studios outside of Orlando, Florida. Among those whom Caidin confronted on Face to Face were Rabbi Meir Kahane, head of the Jewish Defense League (who would be assassinated a year later in a New York hotel lobby), Matt Koehl, successor to George Lincoln Rockwell as head of the American Nazi Party, Dick Butler of Aryan Nations, journalist Charlie Reese, and John McMann of the John Birch Society. Caidin was a friend of 1960s talk show host Joe Pyne, and used the same confrontational interview style, combined with research.

Caidin also taught a progressive journalism course at the University of Florida in Gainesville, titled Caidin's Law.

Claims of psychic ability
Caidin, known as a stickler for technical detail, incorporated supernatural elements in his Bermuda Triangle novel Three Corners To Nowhere (1975). During the mid-1980s, Caidin began claiming to have the power of telekinesis, specifically, to be able to move one or more small devices called energy wheels or psi wheels. Parapsychologist Loyd Auerbach, a friend of Caidin's who sometimes appeared with him in demonstrations and workshops, reiterated a strong endorsement of him in his June 2004 Fate magazine column.

The magician James Randi offered to test Caidin's claimed abilities during 1994. During September 2004, Randi wrote: "He frantically avoided accepting my challenge by refusing even the simplest of proposed control protocols, but he never tired of running on about how I would not test him."

Personal life
Cardin died of thyroid cancer on March 25, 1997 at the age of 69.

title: Martin Caidin


text: Talk:Søren Kierkegaard

title: Talk:Søren Kierkegaard


text:
Aventura Mall

Aventura Mall is a shopping mall located in Aventura, Florida. It is the fourth-largest mall in the United States by total square feet of retail space and the largest mall in Florida. The mall features JCPenney, Macy's, Nordstrom, and Bloomingdale's, in addition to a 24-screen AMC Theatres.

Aventura Mall has more than 50 eateries and restaurants, including Treats Food Hall, and the experiential Arts Aventura Mall program.

The Brightline Aventura Station, which opened in December 2022, is located across Biscayne Boulevard from the mall. A pedestrian bridge across Biscayne Blvd. is planned, to provide direct access to the mall from the station. In the interim, Brightline is providing free shuttle bus service, and the price is $1.3 billion.

History
In April 1983, the Oxford Development Company, led by partners Donald Soffer, Edward J. Lewis, Mark E. Mason, Eugene Lebowitz, and Ray Parello officially dedicated Aventura Mall. There would be four anchors in the original, 1.2 e6sqft, complex: Lord & Taylor, JCPenney (opened April 28, 1983), Sears (opened July 6, 1983, three weeks after another at Miami International Mall), and Macy's opened October 1, 1983.

On board as an original investor in the project was mall-developer Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. The mall was originally designed to accommodate a fifth anchor, and there was a section of drywall in a place where its mall entrance would be located.

Soon after its construction, Soffer left Oxford. As part of the break-up of assets, Soffer's new firm, Turnberry Associates assumed control of the Aventura Mall. In 1996, the DeBartolo Realty Corporation, which owned the minority interest once held by Edward J. DeBartolo, was acquired by Simon Property Group.

In 1996, the ground was broken for a major expansion of Aventura Mall. The addition, built onto the southeast end of the existing complex, consisted of a three-story atrium with an multiplex cinema and restaurants at a new entrance. Part of the new development were two three-story parking garages surrounding the new anchor stores' southeast facades.

The Mall continued to expand, with major additions being added in November 1997 and August 1999. The mall underwent a $20 million renovation in late 2006. The mall expanded again in 2017 by opening a new three-level, 241000 sqft expansion wing.

In March 2019, LEVEL THREE, a 25000 sqft venue designed by Carlos Zapata, was launched.

By 2023, since the government lockdown, Aventura Mall had announced several newest additions, among them are Mango, Dr. Martens, Vuori, Garage, Aesop, Hermès, Balenciaga, Armani Exchange, BVLGARI, and Valentino.

Incidents
On May 29, 2020, two people were taken to the Aventura Hospital after a shooting incident occurred in the Nordstrom part of the Aventura Mall.

On May 8, 2021, a shooting incident occurred near Nordstrom in the Aventura Mall. The shooter was arrested.

Current anchors

 * Macy's (Women's and Kids Fashion) (original tenant) (1983–present)
 * JCPenney (original tenant) (1983–present)
 * AMC Theatres (August 7, 1998–present)
 * Bloomingdales (1997–present)
 * Macy's (Men's and Home Furnishings) (2005–present)
 * Nordstrom (2008–present)

Former anchors

 * Sears (original tenant) (1983–2017)
 * Lord & Taylor (original tenant) (1983–2005)
 * Burdines (1999–2004)
 * Burdines-Macy's (2004–2005)

title: Aventura Mall


text:
User talk:AnchoriteBuran

Hi there. Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions on aerospace topics. Hope you like it here and keep contributing. You can drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself if you want.

If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. You can use the Show preview button before you save, to make sure your edits do what you intended.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp.

Some time when you're bored, you can read through our policies and guidelines. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. You can also drop me a question on my talk page.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 04:07, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Buran. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Buran~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:48, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:AnchoriteBuran


text:
User:00khannthebest

j

title: User:00khannthebest


text:
Brighton, Australia

There is more than one place in Australia called Brighton.

 * Brighton, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane
 * Brighton, South Australia, a coastal suburb of Adelaide
 * Brighton, Tasmania
 * Brighton, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne
 * Brighton, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth
 * Brighton-Le-Sands, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney

title: Brighton, Australia


text:
Talk:Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit

Teleport?
Hopefully someone in the know can define "teleport" in this context. m-w.com only has "to transfer by teleportation", which obviously doen't apply here.

 * "the Teleport." Note the article and the capitalization, indicating that we're discussing a proper noun, the Tokyo Teleport. Sekicho 05:57, Mar 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * ...as in "Tokyo Teleport Town", which I believe is the full name. Like a port for telecommunications, get it? Jpatokal 16:49, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Article Name
Hey, shouldn't this article be Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit, if you know formal name of the company? --Izumi5 14:58, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree to the rename. Current article name is supposedly an incorrect back-formation of TWR. The formal corporate name is Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit, Inc. as seen in http://www.twr.co.jp/. Sushiya 05:04, 8 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. --Sushiya 22:20, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Article Split
The article seems to cover both Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit and Rinkai Line. Both Korean and Japanese Wikipedia provide separate articles for these. —Tokek 04:16, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the Japanese Wikipedia likes to separate companies and rail lines, but I don't think there's any point to this as TWR's only line is Rinkai. Jpatokal 12:13, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, User:Armagebedar seems to have plunged forward and done this. I think this should be reverted, as it serves absolutely no purpose for a single-line company like TWR, and the article content is now duplicated across both (with attribution lost in the 2nd one).

 * And oh, I'm open to possibly renaming this article to make it clearer that the focus is on the line, not the company. Jpatokal (talk) 10:01, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

 * If there is enough source material to have both, I'm fine with having both. However, if there is not, I suggest having a section about the company in the Rinkai Line article (with the redirect of the company name to that section directly). ··· 日本穣 ? · 投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe 20:57, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I see no real reason why there can't be both—there is clearly enough information on both the company and the line. Also, we have many examples of articles split this way (Shin-Keisei Electric Railway and Shin-Keisei Line; Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company and Tsukuba Express; Osaka Prefectural Urban Development and Semboku Rapid Railway; etc.), and the fact that TWR is one of the few third-sector companies to make an operating profit is noteworthy. --armagebedar (talk) 00:46, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I am in favour of having separate articles for operating companies and their individual lines, even if the company operates only one line - provided that there is enough information about the company per se to support a separate article, which appears to be the case here. The only problem I see with the split made here is that the resultant Rinkai Line article has now lost most of its edit history, despite the fact that the original (Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit) article was mostly devoted to talking about the line rather than the company. Is it not possible for an admin to undo (merge?) this and then move the original article (with its edit history) to Rinkai Line and create a new Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit article containing just the details about the company? --DAJF (talk) 02:03, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, I apparently messed that up, not realizing that the edit history was mainly about the line. Mea culpa. --armagebedar (talk) 02:43, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Sorry, can somebody explain to me just how it benefits the reader to split and/or partly duplicate information in separate company and line articles? Jpatokal (talk) 08:19, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The article about the company can (and does now) contain more details about corporate and financial information that would be difficult to include neatly into an article about the line. There is very little duplication between the two, and it looks pretty logical to me to split them like this. --DAJF (talk) 09:37, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The article contains three (3) paragraphs of actual content. The first is about the company's ownership and would make a nice short section under Rinkai Line, the second is a throwaway single sentence that should be merged into the first, and the third is duplicated word for word from Rinkai Line -- except that the fact that the company makes a loss due to interest costs is now hidden from the Rinkai Line article, giving its readers the entirely mistaken impression that the line is profitable.  Are you going to tell me with a straight face that the Rinkai Line article, which is all of 6,100 characters long, can't handle one (1) additional paragraph?

 * I'm kind of tempted to nominate the TWR article for deletion, since with 250 employees and no notable activities outside operating the train line, it would probably fail WP:COMPANY... Jpatokal (talk) 11:49, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Instead of complaining, why not work to improve either or both articles? Be bold. --armagebedar (talk) 02:32, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Are you asking me to revert your split and merge them back together? Since that would, in my opinion, be the best way to improve them. Jpatokal (talk) 10:53, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Bump. I'm going to take Armagebedar's apparent advice and merge the articles back together until there is loud, well-reasoned opposition. Jpatokal (talk) 10:04, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Could you perhaps make a User page somewhere first to show how the combined article would look? I wouldn't oppose a merged article provided no information was lost, but, as I mentioned before, I can't see at present how the corporate/financial details now included in the company article could all be incorporated neatly into an article about the line. If "merging back" means deleting or losing material, then that is a retrograde step to which I would definitely be opposed. --DAJF (talk) 12:40, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, judging by the discussion here, there is opposition to simply merging the articles back together, so unless you have some consensus any such merge would probably be reverted. --armagebedar (talk) 13:36, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

Remerge. Unneccessary content fork, as the company is only notable because it operates the line, and this article largely duplicates the Rinkai Line article, except for a small bit of info that could be included there. Split broke a lot of incoming links, too. Poor choice of a split. oknazevad (talk) 16:10, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Remerge as per Oknazevad. This company operates only one line, like Aoimori Railway Company, which redirects to Aoimori Railway Line. If TWR gets another line, it should be split then, not now. Simon-in-sagamihara (talk) 08:34, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Remerged and condensed content (two years later). Hope everyone's happy with it. Your Lord and Master (talk) 09:19, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Great! Better late than never. Jpatokal (talk) 10:25, 2 December 2012 (UTC)


text:
Bud Olson

Horace Andrew "Bud" Olson (October 6, 1925 – February 14, 2002) was a Canadian businessman, politician, and the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta from 1996 to 2000. He also served as a Member of Parliament, Senator, Minister of Agriculture, and Minister of Economic and Regional Development. He was also a farmer and rancher, and president and operating officer of Farmer's Stockmen's Supplies in Medicine Hat and Lethbridge, Alberta.

Early life
Born in Iddesleigh, Alberta on October 6, 1925. On January 27, 1947, he married Marion Lucille McLachlan. They had four children: Sharon Lee, Andrea Lucille, Juanita Carol and Horace Andrew Jr.

Federal politics
Bud Olson was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1957 election as a Social Credit Member of Parliament (MP) from Medicine Hat. He was defeated in the Diefenbaker sweep of 1958, but re-elected in 1962, 1963, and 1965.

With the Social Credit Party's English Canadian wing rapidly disintegrating, Olson crossed the floor in 1967 to join the Liberal Party. Olson supported Pierre Trudeau's successful candidacy for the Liberal leadership in 1968, narrowly won re-election as an MP in 1968 and became minister of agriculture in the first Trudeau government. Olson served in that position until he was heavily defeated by Progressive Conservative Bert Hargrave in the 1972 general election. He was one of only four Liberal MPs elected from Alberta in 1968 – all of whom were defeated in 1972. To date, Olson is the last Liberal elected from a rural Alberta riding.

Olson sought a rematch against Hargrave in 1974, but lost by a margin almost as large as he had in 1972. In 1977, Trudeau appointed him to the Senate of Canada. Olson served as leader of the opposition in the Senate in 1979, and returned to Cabinet when the Trudeau Liberals returned to power in 1980.

He served as Minister of Economic and Regional Development from 1980 to 1984, as well as Leader of the Government in the Senate. As one of Trudeau's most powerful ministers, he chaired the cabinet committee on economic development from 1980 to 1983. He was also the minister responsible for the Northern Pipeline Agency from 1980 to 1984, and the government leader in the Senate from 1982 to 1984. It was also Olson's job to promote the government's unpopular National Energy Program in Alberta.

Late life
Olson resigned from the Senate when he was appointed Alberta's 14th Lieutenant-Governor in April 1996. He served in that position until 2000.

Bud Olson died in Medicine Hat in 2002.

title: Bud Olson


text:
St. Bonaventure University

St. Bonaventure University is a private Franciscan university in St. Bonaventure, New York. It has 2,381 undergraduate and graduate students. The Franciscans established the university in 1858.

In athletics, the St. Bonaventure Bonnies play National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I sports in the Atlantic 10 Conference. Students and alumni often refer to the university as Bona's, derived from the school's name.

History
The college was founded by Utica, New York, financier Nicholas Devereux, one of the first to gain land grants in newly surveyed Cattaraugus County from the Holland Land Company. Devereux founded the town of Allegany on the grant, hoping to build a new city. Devereux approached John Timon, the bishop of Buffalo, for assistance. The two invited the Franciscan order to Western New York, and a small group under Pamfilo da Magliano arrived in 1855. The school graduated its first class in 1858. St. Bonaventure's College was granted university status by New York State in 1950. The largest residence hall on campus, Devereux Hall, is named for the founder.

The Franciscan connection
The university is named after Bonaventure (1221–1274), born John of Fidenza, who became a cardinal and Doctor of the Church. A theologian and contemporary of Thomas Aquinas at the University of Paris, he became head of the Franciscan order. Bonaventure was canonized in 1482 by Sixtus IV. The Franciscan friars at the St. Bonaventure Friary belong to the Holy Name Province and are members of the Order of Friars Minor, one of the orders of Franciscans.

The university is also home to the Franciscan Institute. Founded in 1939 by Thomas Plassmann, then president of St. Bonaventure's College, and led by its first director, Philotheus Boehner.

Campus
The campus sits on 500 acre in the town of Allegany, just over the line from the city of Olean (total pop.: 15,000), at Exit 24 of Interstate 86. The university has its own US Post Office and is listed as a separate census-designated place by the Census Bureau. The university's postal address is Saint Bonaventure, NY 14778. St. Bonaventure also has a second graduate studies center in Hamburg, a suburb of Buffalo, on the campus of Hilbert College.

Academics
The university has more than 50 academic programs, including programs in the Jandoli School of Communication, schools of Arts & Sciences, Business, Education and Health Professions, and combined-degree health care programs preparing students for careers in medicine, dentistry, physical therapy, or pharmacy.

Research
St. Bonaventure also has the Center for the Study of Attention, Learning & Memory, a joint initiative between the School of Education and the School of Arts and Sciences, promotes interdisciplinary research and increases awareness of the importance of attention and learning in education. The university also hosts the Franciscan Institute, which provides grants for research on the history and theology of the Franciscan Order.

Rankings
On the U.S. News & World Report's 2022 list of best regional universities, St. Bonaventure University was ranked No. 9 for value and No. 20 in the North.

Media
The campus newspaper, The Bona Venture, has been published continuously since 1926. Known on campus as The BV, the newspaper has earned The Pacemaker Award numerous times from the Associated Collegiate Press, the last time in 1994. The school's student radio station is known as WSBU 88.3 The Buzz. In 2019, the Jandoli School of Communication's student-produced newscast, "SBU-TV", became available to television viewers across Western New York.

Popular folklore
Thomas Merton, the Catholic monk and writer, taught English at St. Bonaventure for a year just at the start of World War II, living on campus on the second floor of Devereux Hall. It was at this school that Merton finally gave into his vocation and decided to join the Trappists. He entered the monastery in Kentucky in 1941. A heart-shaped clearing on a mountain in view of campus is linked to Merton in campus myth. Some students call it "Merton's Heart" and claim that Merton visited the place often and that the trees fell when he died. In reality, the hillside had been cleared for oil drilling in the 1920s and trees have since regrown, leaving the bald patch.

Athletics
St. Bonaventure is an NCAA Division I member of the Atlantic 10 Conference and offers 19 varsity athletic programs. The school's programs are known as the Bonnies. The men's team has reached the NCAA men's basketball tournament a total of 8 times, most recently in the 2020–2021 season.

Notable alumni
Six alumni of the university have received the Pulitzer Prize, including Dan Barry (1980), Bill Briggs (1985), Robert A. Dubill (1958), John Hanchette (1964), Charles J. Hanley (1968), and Brian Toolan (1972).

title: St. Bonaventure University


text:
Talk:List of martial arts weapons

Organization
By weapon type is great... But an additional alternative arrangement must be presented, by martial art...Undead Herle King (talk) 17:05, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Mamba la bamba
"Mamba" under "Knives" links to Mamba, the snake. I don't think the snake is a knife. Having never heard of a type of knife called a "mamba," I'm not sure whether the link should be deleted altogether or if it was just incomplete authorship. --threedimes

Perhaps it would be a good idea to reorganize the weapons into better categories.

We could first organize by type, like missle weapons/melee weapons, bludgeoning weapons/bladed weapons, short/long/soft weapons, and so on.

Second, we could also include a second list that is organized by country/culture of origin.

Also, using a word like 'quarterstaff' as a header is kind of wrong - because that is a specific weapon of Europe that really isn't applied to, say, Japanese bo staffs.

Edededed 04:17, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

"Common objects used as weapons" is ridiculous.

Shoes? Go and show me a martial art using SHOES. Or fans for that matter. You could put everything and the kitchen sink in that list. Bottles are used in bar brawls -- so why not list them as well?

Just restrict it to weapons that ARE used in common martial arts or I'll create my own martial art based on the arcane style of hitting people with frying pans. -- Ashmodai 12:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I agree. Considering that "Common objects used as weapons" is potentially infinite, and is not, presently, even close to passing as reasonable, I am going to Be Bold and remove it from this list. 24.175.66.111 06:16, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps a seperate article on improvised weaponry? Bloodkith (talk) 14:13, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Why are naginata and nagamaki called Japanese Halberds? Neither are halberds in any way I understand a halbard to be a type of a polearm with an axe in it. Changing it Highlandlord 04:10, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree if anything they would be more of a glaive Bloodkith (talk) 14:13, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

I wanted to add La canne to the stick weapons, but wasn't sure whether it was short or long (I've never actually seen one.) Help. . .65.172.233.90 22:55, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

If you follow the links at the bottom of the article some images give an idea of the length. It's a walking stick about 4 feet long.Peter Rehse 02:09, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

The link for "Val" goes to the disambiguation page, and apparently there is no page for the weapon itself. Not sure what to do about that. ..

Basically the list is to cover martial arts weapons that have articles. Dead links should be shot on site. With disambiguation pages - the link should be fixed to point to the weapon directly or failing that deleted. The idea if the weapon is important it will have its own article, if not - it shouldn't be on the list.Peter Rehse 02:05, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I was thinking the weapons list should be elaborated on by creating sub-genres such as

shortsword/daggar-like, shortsword/machete-like,  longsword/sabre-like,  longsword/straight blade, polearm/axhead,  polearm/sword,  polearm/quarter-staff, polearm/duo-end, Daggar, Knife, pushdirk, fist enhancers -to differentiate cutting blades from thrusting blades, 2handers from bastards and singlehanders. Bloodkith (talk) 14:13, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Should some staffweapons like the shellelagh be moved to truncheons? it is more of a club.

Pictures
I've just added a huge amount of pictures, with even more on the way, of the Chicken Sickles on the appropriate article. Do you think we could get some pictures on this page of the various weapons. Granted a person could see what it looks like on the page linked from this one. But what if someone knows what the weapon looks like, but doesn't know its name? If a picture was up, with the name, a person could find it easily and go to the page to find out more detailed info on it. They wouldn't have to be big either. Just clump all of the weapons in their proper sections in a gallery. Just make sure to name them. The pictures wouldn't be so small a person couldn't recognize what it is. What do you thing? (!Mi luchador nombre es amoladora de la carne y traigo el dolor! 17:42, 27 October 2006(UTC))

What makes a martial art weapon
I think this list is getting too broad. Is a martial art weapon something that is currently being used for martial art practice or any weapon (modern, ancient or fantasy). I think it should be the former - any opinions? Remember we have List of ancient weapons and List of mêlée weapons. I expect some overlap but not total.Peter Rehse 07:50, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

I agree that this list is to generic and broad. Is a martial arts weapons a practice weapon? (Added a link to practice weapons at the bottom), A weapon used in a major current martial art? Any weapon could be used in a martial art somewhere and every premodern weapon was once used in some art. What does martial arts weapon mean? Uroscion (talk) 22:49, 22 June 2008 (UTC)User:Uroscion

I think it would be helpful to add a short (2-3 word) description of the origin of each weapon after, some of them already have them, but some of us have no idea what a Scramasax is.

Just an idea. :)

Firearms
Why aren't any firearm martial arts listed here? Just because they are more modern doesn't disqualify them from being martial art weapons. Zachorious (talk) 08:04, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
 * To both sections, would it be simple to say unless we have an article on the martial art then they shouldn't be here? --Nate1481(t/c) 14:17, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Duplicate Code
This is the third time I'll have had to edit this page. Someone came along and vandalized the page (or is even more incompetent at Wiki code than I am, which is certainly a feat) and when I try to erase the extraneous code it gets reverted. There's so much code on the page that it takes me several minutes just to load the edit page, so I really hope this'll be the last time I have to.70.139.76.145 (talk) 02:29, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Nevermind, the issue has been solved.70.139.76.145 (talk) 02:30, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

What about the Nunchaku?
I am no expert in martial arts, but it seems strange that the Nunchaku is not included on this list. Any particular reason?--Filll (talk | wpc ) 17:31, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Merge?
List of martial arts weapons and List of melee weapons are very similar, and the names are nearly synonymous.

Should we merge them?

Sincerely, The Transhumanist 00:04, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I've had a look at both articles, and while I see your reasoning, I do suggest not merging the pair just yet. My main reason sits with the axe section in the melee weapons, but I think there's a few other melee weapons that aren't used in martial arts (and vice versa). We should look over the lists, though, and see what belongs where. --JB Adder | Talk 08:42, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

No their not synonyms their opposites mele weapons would suggest that these weapons would be used in a flailing undisciplined way when the exact opposite is true Irishfrisian (talk) 22:31, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

Name
It's such a common mistake that it's not even considered incorrect anymore, but the term "martial arts" is not meant to be used as an adjective. Therefore commonly-used terms like "martial arts weapon" or "martial arts practitioner" would be both redundant and technically incorrect. My suggestion would be renaming this article "Weapons of martial arts" or something to that effect. Morinae (talk) 08:46, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

War hammer
Listed under bladed weapons rather than blunt weapons. Is this a mistake? Spring-maple here (talk) 22:31, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of martial arts weapons


text:
Talk:Alvaldi

Giants vs. Titans
Not all Giants are Titans, though Titans are giant. Wetman 04:19, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Alvaldi vs. Olvaldi vs. Ivaldi
The article Sons of Ivaldi mentions that Þjazi is the son of All-valdi and Öl-valdi and that " I-valdi may be another form of the name."

I wonder if this should be mentioned on the Alvaldi article. Or, given how short this article is, perhaps it should simply be folded into the Sons of Ivaldi article. Bgoldnyxnet (talk) 18:47, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alvaldi