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Arrested Development

Arrested Development is an American television satirical sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz. It aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2, 2003, to February 10, 2006, followed by two seasons on Netflix; season four being released on May 26, 2013 and season five being released on May 29, 2018 and March 15, 2019.

Arrested Development follows the Bluths, a formerly wealthy, dysfunctional family. It is presented in a serialized format, incorporating handheld camera work, voice-over narration, archival photos, historical footage and maintains numerous running gags and catchphrases. Ron Howard served as both an executive producer and the omniscient narrator and, in later seasons, appears in the show as a fictionalized version of himself. Set in Newport Beach, California, the series was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey.

Arrested Development received critical acclaim. It won six Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award, and attracted a cult following. It has been named one of the greatest TV shows of all time by publications including Rolling Stone, Time, Entertainment Weekly, and IGN. It influenced later single-camera comedy series such as 30 Rock and Community.

Despite the positive critical response, Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox, which canceled the series in 2006. In 2011, Netflix licensed new episodes and distributed them on its streaming service. These episodes were released in May 2013. Netflix commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development, the first half of which premiered in May 2018, and the second half in March 2019. The show was due to be removed from Netflix in March 2023 but will remain on the service until 2026.

Conception
Discussion that led to the creation of the series began in the summer of 2002. Ron Howard had the original idea to create a comedy series in the style of handheld cameras and reality television, but with an elaborate, highly comical script resulting from repeated rewritings and rehearsals. Howard met with David Nevins, the president of Imagine Television, Katie O'Connell, a senior vice president, and two writers, including Mitchell Hurwitz. In light of recent corporate accounting scandals, such as Enron and Adelphia, Hurwitz suggested a story about a "riches to rags" family. Howard and Imagine were interested in using this idea, and signed Hurwitz to write the show. The idea was pitched and sold in Q3 2002. There was a bidding war for the show between Fox and NBC, with the show ultimately selling to Fox as a put pilot with a six-figure penalty.

Over the next few months, Hurwitz developed the characters and plot for the series. The script of the pilot episode was submitted in January 2003 and filmed in March 2003. It was submitted in late April to Fox and was added to the network's fall schedule that May.

Casting
Alia Shawkat was the first cast in the series. Michael Cera, Tony Hale, and Jessica Walter were cast from video tapes and flown in to audition for Fox. Jason Bateman and Portia de Rossi both read and auditioned for the network and were immediately chosen. The character of Gob was the most challenging to cast. When Will Arnett auditioned, he played the character "like a guy who thought of himself as the chosen son, even though it was obvious to everyone else that he was the least favorite"; he was chosen immediately for his portrayal. The characters of Tobias and George Sr. were originally going to have minor roles, but David Cross and Jeffrey Tambor's portrayals mixed well with the rest of the characters, and they were given more significant parts. Howard provided the narration for the initial pilot, and his narrating meshed so well with the tone of the program that the decision was made to keep his voice. Howard aided in the casting of "Lucille 2"; the producers told him that their dream actress for the role was Liza Minnelli but that they assumed no one of her stature would take the part. She agreed when Ron Howard asked her himself, because they were old friends; she had been his babysitter when she was a teenager.

Filming techniques
Arrested Development uses several elements which were rare at the time for American live-action sitcoms. It was shot on location and in HD video (at 24 frames per second) with multiple cameras, parodying tactics often employed in documentary film and reality television, straying from the "fixed-set, studio audience, laugh track" style long dominant in comedy production. The show makes heavy use of cutaway gags, supplementing the narrative with visual punchlines like security camera footage, Bluth family photos, website screenshots, archive films, and flashbacks. An omniscient third-person narrator (producer Ron Howard) ties together the multiple plot threads running through each episode, while humorously undercutting and commenting on the characters. Arrested Development developed self-referentiality through use of in-jokes that evolved over multiple episodes, which rewarded longtime viewership (and in turn may have discouraged new viewers and contributed to the show's ratings difficulties).

Due to scheduling conflicts, the fourth season used a different format with longer episodes focusing on one character. The season was later re-edited to be more inline with the format of the other seasons.

Cancellation and revival

During the series' third season in 2006, despite months-long rumors of Arrested Development having been picked up by the cable television network Showtime, creator Hurwitz declined to move the show to another network. Hurwitz said, "I had taken it as far as I felt I could as a series. I told the story I wanted to tell, and we were getting to a point where I think a lot of the actors were ready to move on." He said that he was "more worried about letting down the fans in terms of the quality of the show dropping" than he was about disappointing fans by not giving them more episodes. He also said, "If there's a way to continue this in a form that's not weekly episodic series television, I'd be up for it".

After the series cancellation, Fox Entertainment Group sold the initial 53-episode run for syndication. In a first for its kind, the syndication involved a three-year deal with Microsoft's nascent internet video streaming service MSN Video (now Bing Video) before the series would go on to cable channel G4.

On October 2, 2011, the cast of Arrested Development reunited for a panel at The New Yorker Festival in New York. At the panel, Hurwitz declared his intention of producing a truncated fourth season as a lead-in to a film adaptation.

Six years after the series had been canceled by Fox, filming for a fourth season began on August 7, 2012. Fifteen episodes of the show's revival season were released simultaneously on Netflix on May 26, 2013. Season four was received largely negatively leading to Netflix to re-edit the season in 2018. Netflix confirmed on May 17, 2017, that a fifth season was expected to be released on their service in 2018, with filming taking place from August 2017 to November 2017. Arrested Development was set to be removed from Netflix on March 15, 2023. However, following a last minute deal, Netflix retained the streaming rights.

Main characters
The plot of Arrested Development revolves around the members of the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy family who continue to lead extravagant lifestyles despite their changed circumstances. At the center of the show is Michael Bluth (Jason Bateman), the show's straight man, who strives to do the right thing and keep his family together, despite their materialism, selfishness, and manipulative natures. Michael is a widowed single father. His teenage son, George Michael (Michael Cera), has the same qualities of decency but feels a constant pressure to live up to his father's expectations and is often reluctant to follow his father's plans. He battles with a crush he has on cousin Mae "Maeby" Fünke (Alia Shawkat), which developed from a kiss she gave him as part of a prank.

Michael's father, George Bluth Sr. (Jeffrey Tambor), is the patriarch of the family and a corrupt real estate developer who is arrested in the first episode. George goes to considerable lengths to manipulate and control his family in spite of his imprisonment, and makes numerous efforts to evade justice. His wife, and Michael's mother, Lucille (Jessica Walter), is ruthlessly manipulative, materialistic, and hypercritical of every member of her family, and constantly drinks alcohol. Her grip is tightest on her youngest son, Byron "Buster" Bluth (Tony Hale), who is overeducated on various random subjects but lacks emotional intelligence or common sense. Buster is also a mother's boy who has dependency issues and is prone to panic attacks.

Michael's older brother is George Oscar Bluth II (Will Arnett), known by the acronym "Gob". An unsuccessful professional magician whose business and personal schemes usually fail or become tiresome and are quickly abandoned, Gob is competitive with Michael over women and bullies Buster. Michael's twin sister Lindsay (Portia de Rossi) is spoiled and materialistic, continually seeking the center of attention and leaping on various social causes for the sake of vanity. In the finale it is revealed that she and Lucille are sisters. She is married to Tobias Fünke (David Cross), a discredited psychiatrist-turned-aspiring actor. Tobias is a self-diagnosed "never-nude" (a disorder comparable to gymnophobia), whose language and behavior have heavily homosexual overtones to which he seems oblivious and which are the center of much tongue-in-cheek comedy throughout the series. Their daughter Maeby is a rebellious teen with an opportunistic streak, who seeks to defy her parents for the sake of attention, and otherwise pursues boys and power, and furthers her complicated relationship with George Michael.

Recurring cast

Several other characters regularly appear in recurring roles.

 * Jeffrey Tambor as Oscar Bluth, George Sr.'s identical twin brother, a lethargic ex-hippie seeking the affection of Lucille.
 * Henry Winkler as Barry Zuckerkorn, the family's lawyer, an incompetent sexual deviant who often hinders the family's legal battles rather than helping them. He is eventually replaced by Bob Loblaw (Scott Baio). (Max Winkler portrays Barry in flashbacks)
 * Liza Minnelli as Lucille Austero, AKA "Lucille 2", Lucille's "best friend and chief social rival" as well as a sometimes-love-interest of Buster and later, Gob. The character was killed off in the fifth season.
 * Justin Grant Wade as Steve Holt, a high school super-senior and football star at the high school George Michael and Maeby attend, and is later discovered to be Gob's son.
 * Carl Weathers as himself, a parodied version of himself as Tobias' acting coach.
 * John Beard as himself, a fictional version of himself as a news anchor reporting on the characters' antics.
 * Mae Whitman as Ann Veal, George-Michael's stern Christian girlfriend, often forgotten or disparaged by Michael (Ann was first played by Alessandra Torresani.)
 * Patricia Velasquez as Marta Estrella, Gob's girlfriend who eventually reciprocates Michael's infatuation with her and ends up causing conflict between the two brothers. (Marta was first played by Leonor Varela)
 * Steve Ryan as J. Walter Weatherman, a one-armed amputee, and a former employee of George Sr.; Weatherman appears in flashbacks in several episodes where, as hired by George Sr., he would teach the Bluth children lessons by participating in staged accidents where he would "lose" his (prosthetic) arm.
 * Charlize Theron as Rita Leeds, an intellectually disabled British woman who becomes Michael's female companion.
 * Judy Greer as Kitty Sanchez, George Bluth Senior's assistant, lover and partner-in-crime.
 * Ed Begley, Jr. as Stan Sitwell, the owner of Sitwell Enterprises, a rival company to the Bluth Company.
 * Christine Taylor as Sally Sitwell, Stan Sitwell's daughter and a consistent love interest for Michael.
 * Justin Lee as Annyong, the adopted Korean son of Lucille and George Sr.
 * Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Maggie Lizer, an attorney and compulsive liar who has a recurring relationship with Michael.
 * Rob Corddry as Moses Taylor, the star of the fictional TV show Wrench! and a noted gun rights activist.
 * Ben Stiller as Tony Wonder, a magician and Gob's chief rival, well known for baking himself into a loaf of bread to feed the troops.
 * Amy Poehler as Gob's unnamed and frequently forgotten wife, who married Gob as the final in a long line of escalating dares.
 * Jane Lynch as Cindi Lightballoon, a government mole who tries to gather incriminating information from an incarcerated George Sr. but ends up falling in love with him instead.
 * Ron Howard as a fictionalized version of himself, a movie producer who offers to adapt the Bluths lives into a movie.
 * Isla Fisher as Rebel Alley, Ron Howard's fictional daughter and love interest of both Michael and George Michael.

Season 1 (2003–04)
George Bluth Sr., patriarch of the wealthy Bluth family, is the founder and former CEO of the successful Bluth Company which markets and builds mini-mansions among many other activities. His son Michael serves as manager of the company, and, after being passed over for a promotion, decides to leave both the company and his family. Just as he makes this decision, however, George Sr. is arrested by the Securities and Exchange Commission for defrauding investors and gross spending of the company's money for "personal expenses". His wife Lucille becomes CEO, and immediately names as the new president her extremely sheltered youngest son Buster, who proves ill-equipped, as his only experience with business is a class he took concerning 18th century agrarian business. Furious at being passed over again, Michael secures another job with a rival company and plans on leaving his family behind for good. Realizing that they need Michael, the family asks him to come back and run the company, which Michael scoffs at until he sees how much the family means to his teenaged son George Michael. To keep the family together, Michael asks his self-centered twin sister Lindsay, her husband Tobias and their daughter Maeby to live together in the Bluth model home with him and George Michael.

Throughout the first season, different characters struggle to change their identities. Buster works to escape from his mother's control by bonding with brothers Michael and Gob as well as with love interest Lucille Austero, Lucille Bluth's neighbor and chief social rival. George Michael nurses a forbidden crush on his cousin Maeby, while continually trying to meet his father's expectations. Lindsay's husband Tobias searches for work as an actor, with the aid of Carl Weathers. Michael falls in love with his screw-up older brother Gob's neglected girlfriend Marta, and is torn between being with her and putting "family first". After seeing Michael physically fight with Gob, Marta realizes that they do not share the same family values and she leaves them both. To spite Buster, Lucille adopts a Korean son whom she calls "Annyong" after she mistakes the Korean word for "hello" as his name. Through an escalating series of dares, Gob marries a woman he just met, played by Will Arnett's then real-life wife Amy Poehler, but cannot get an annulment because he refuses to admit that he did not consummate the marriage. Kitty, George Sr.'s former assistant and mistress, tries to blackmail the company. She is caught in the Bluth family yacht's explosion, as used in one of Gob's magic acts, but survives with a cooler full of damning evidence labeled "H Maddas". After previous failed attempts, and a brief religious stint in Judaism, George Sr. finally escapes from prison by faking a heart attack. It is also revealed that George Sr. committed "light treason" by using the company to build mini-palaces for Saddam Hussein in Iraq.

Season 2 (2004–05)
Because of his father's latest prison break deception (a faked heart attack), Michael decides to leave his family and move to Phoenix, Arizona with George Michael but discovers that he cannot leave the state due to the Bluth Company being under investigation and him having to go to jail as a replacement for his father. Lucille appoints Gob the new Bluth Company president, but since Gob proves utterly incompetent, the position's real duties revert to Michael. During the rest of the season Gob serves as figurehead president; Michael is still under scrutiny for George Sr.'s illegal activity.

George Sr. is not, in fact, gone. After faking his death in Mexico by paying off the cops, George Sr. returns to the family model home, where George Michael discovers him hiding in the attic. To protect his son from legal implications, Michael hides George Sr. in Gob's prop Aztec Tomb, orchestrates a diversion, and tells the family that George Sr. has escaped once more. Throughout the rest of the season, Michael sneaks George Sr. provisions, and George Sr. keeps tabs on the Bluth family through the ventilation system. George Sr. also faces an onslaught from the outside world; the press begins looking for him in Iraq, fumigators surround the house while he's still in the attic, and Kitty returns to steal a sample of his semen to make her own Bluth baby.

Buster meanwhile joins the army, but escapes serving in Iraq when his hand is bitten off by a loose seal (a play on "Lucille") Gob had mistakenly trained to develop a taste for mammal flesh. Buster is refitted with a sharp hook, which he copes with poorly and often brandishes dangerously in social situations. During Buster's long psychological recovery, he bonds with George Sr.'s stoner twin brother Oscar, who moves in with Lucille in an attempt to rekindle a past love affair. Uncle Oscar slowly reveals himself as Buster's presumptive biological father. Eventually, George Sr. takes revenge on the adulterous Oscar and Lucille by kidnapping Oscar, knocking him unconscious, exchanging appearances with him, and sending him to prison in his place.

Lindsay and Tobias continue their disastrous open relationship. Lindsay tries—but fails—to secure a lover, while Tobias paints himself blue each night in a futile attempt to join the Blue Man Group. When Lindsay kicks him out of the house, Tobias disguises himself as a singing British nanny named "Mrs. Featherbottom" (an idea he gets from the film Mrs. Doubtfire) so he can watch over his daughter Maeby. The family sees right through this incompetent disguise, but they humor Tobias since—in the guise of Mrs. Featherbottom—he does their chores.

George Michael begins dating a deeply religious girl, Ann Veal, who encourages him to smash pop music CDs and to run for student body president against perennial favorite Steve Holt. Michael dislikes her and tries to disrupt the kids' relationship, most notably by breaking up Ann and George Michael's pre-engagement. Meanwhile, Maeby cons her way into an after school job as a film studio executive. When Maeby's studio remakes "Les Cousins Dangereux", George Michael abandons Ann to pursue his crush on Maeby. Maeby herself realises she has feelings for George Michael in light of his relationship, and the two kiss while the living room of the model home collapses.

Season 3 (2005–06)
Michael again searches for his runaway father, George Sr. Gob receives an invitation to a father/son reunion outing, and believes it to be George Sr. trying to contact him. In reality, the invitation was meant to reunite Gob with Steve Holt, son of Eve Holt, a girl Gob slept with in high school. Meanwhile, George Michael and Maeby deal with their previous kiss by avoiding each other.

In an attempt to remain in disguise, George Sr. joins the Blue Man Group. Michael discovers this and arranges to have his father placed under house arrest. George Sr. claims that he was set up by an underground British group. Michael goes to Wee Britain, a fictional British-themed city district, to investigate, and in the process meets a new love interest, Rita Leeds (Charlize Theron). Michael and the audience are led to believe that Rita is a mole for the underground British group, working for a man named "Mr. F". However, love-struck Michael proposes to her, and the couple run off to wed. Finally, it is revealed that Rita is actually an "MRF", or "mentally retarded female". Despite Rita's "condition", the family pushes him to go forward with the marriage because Rita is wealthy and they want her money. Michael is not persuaded and gently ends the relationship just as he and Rita are about to walk down the aisle. Meanwhile, Tobias and Lindsay seek legal help from Bob Loblaw (Scott Baio) concerning their troubled marriage.

With the family's retainer used up because of Lindsay's and Tobias's advances, Bob Loblaw chooses to no longer represent the Bluth family. Attorney Jan Eagleman offers to represent the family, on the condition that they participate in a mock trial in a new reality courtroom show called "Mock Trial with J. Reinhold". Musical accompaniment for the show's theme song and perceived jokes from testifying witnesses is provided by "William Hung And His Hung Jury". Michael uses an illegal threat from prosecutor Wayne Jarvis to have the mock case "dismissed". Gob and Franklin briefly appear in another courtroom show presided over by Bud Cort. Meanwhile, Maeby and George Michael perform a mock wedding for Alzheimer's patients that is accidentally conducted by a real priest; the two become legally married.

The family members are afraid to testify at the mock trial and at the real deposition; Buster fakes a coma, Lindsay and Lucille fake entering rehab, and Gob flees the country to perform in a USO Tour in Iraq. The deceptions are all uncovered by the prosecution, and in Iraq Gob is arrested for inadvertently inciting an anti-US riot. Buster and Michael travel to Iraq to rescue Gob, and while there, uncover evidence that the mini-palaces George Sr. built in Iraq were actually ordered and paid for by the CIA for wiretapping purposes. After this discovery, the US government drops all of the charges against George Sr. In the general confusion, everyone except George Michael forgets Maeby's sixteenth birthday.

To celebrate their victory in Iraq, the Bluths throw a shareholders' party on the RMS Queen Mary. During preparation for the party, it is revealed that Lindsay was adopted, meaning that George Michael and Maeby are not blood relatives. At the party, the Bluth's other adopted child, Annyong, reappears. He reveals that he is there to avenge the Bluth family's theft of his grandfather's frozen banana idea and the cause of his subsequent deportation, an event orchestrated many years earlier by Lucille Bluth. Annyong has turned over evidence implicating Lucille in the Bluth Company's accounting scandals. Before the police arrive, Michael and George Michael flee on Gob's yacht, The C-Word, and depart to Cabo with half a million dollars in cashier's checks, finally leaving the family to fend for themselves. However, it is revealed in the epilogue that George Sr. is also on the yacht, having lured his brother Oscar into taking his place once again. Also in the epilogue, Maeby tries to sell the television rights to the story of the Bluth family to Ron Howard, who tells her that he sees it as a movie rather than a series.

Season 4 (2013)
Filming for a fourth season to be released on Netflix began on August 7, 2012, more than six years after the series had been canceled by Fox. The season consists of 15 new episodes, all debuting at the same time on Netflix on May 26, 2013, in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, and the Nordic countries. Several actors who had recurring roles in the original series returned to reprise their roles, including Carl Weathers as himself, Henry Winkler as Barry Zuckerkorn, Ben Stiller as Tony Wonder, Mae Whitman as Ann Veal, Scott Baio as Bob Loblaw, Judy Greer as Kitty Sanchez, and Liza Minnelli as Lucille Austero; while new characters are played by Debra Mooney, John Slattery, Tommy Tune, Terry Crews, Isla Fisher and John Krasinski. Kristen Wiig and Seth Rogen appear as Lucille and George Sr., respectively, in flashbacks.

All episodes of the season occur over approximately the same stretch of time, but each focuses on a different character. Information on events depicted in a given episode is often partial and filled in during a later episode. Creator Mitch Hurwitz created a recut of season four called Arrested Development Season 4 Remix: Fateful Consequences, in which the season's story is presented in chronological order. The recut consists of 22 episodes and was released May 3, 2018, on Netflix.

Season 5 (2018–19)
The fifth season revolves around the mystery of who killed Lucille Austero with the lead suspect being Buster.

Netflix confirmed on May 17, 2017, that a fifth season featuring the full cast had been ordered. The fifth season includes 16 episodes; the first eight were released on May 29, 2018, and the remaining eight episodes premiered on March 15, 2019.

Television ratings
The show, while critically acclaimed, did not gain a sizable audience. According to the Nielsen ratings system, the show's first season was the 120th most popular show among households and the 88th among viewers aged 18 to 49, averaging 6.2 million viewers.

U.S. ratings in the second season averaged about six million viewers, while the third season averaged about four million viewers. Fox announced that it would halt the production of the second season at eighteen episodes—four episodes short of the planned season.

For the third season, Fox positioned the show on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. ET. Ratings dropped further than previous seasons. On November 9, 2005, Fox announced that the show would not be airing in November sweeps, and that they had cut the episode order for the third season from 22 to 13. Fox ended up showing the last four episodes in a two-hour timeslot—directly opposite the opening ceremonies of the 2006 Winter Olympics. The series finale episode received 3.43 million viewers.

Original run
Throughout its original run, Arrested Development received critical acclaim. It is widely regarded as one of the defining shows of the 2000s and has been praised by many critics as one of the greatest comedies of all time. In 2007, the show was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-Time".

Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly praised the series, saying "Is it beating a dead horse to once again state that this underappreciated gem is the best sitcom on TV? Too bad. Arrested Development is the best sitcom on TV!"

David Bianculli from the New York Daily News stated "If you're not watching this series on Fox, the least you can do is buy it on DVD. You'll love it, and it's such a dense show (in the best sense of the word) that it rewards repeated viewing. Like Scrubs and the British version of The Office, it is the sort of show that truly deserves to be seen uninterrupted, several episodes at a time, for maximum enjoyment. The laughs-per-minute quotient here is insanely high, making it great value as a home library purchase."

Alison Powell of The Guardian said "As Hollywood agents worry about the demise of the town's lowing cash cow, the multi-camera, staged sitcom, here to save the day is Arrested Development, a farce of such blazing wit and originality, that it must surely usher in a new era in comedy."

Gillian Flynn of Entertainment Weekly named Arrested Development the best television show of 2005 and said in her review that "As oddball as Arrested is, it's also humane. A flawless cast—from Will Arnett's breathy, bombastic Gob to Jessica Walter's boozy Lucille—grounds it, aided by Ron Howard's affable narration. The center of sensibility is good son Michael (Jason Bateman) and his even better son, George Michael (Michael Cera). Bateman and Cera give the best reacts around—the former all weary exasperation, the latter adorably bunny-stunned. Together, they're the sweetest, awkwardest straight men on the smartest, most shockingly funny series on TV ... which is likely canceled, despite six Emmy wins. It's a perversion not even the Bluths deserve." In 2012, Entertainment Weekly listed the show at No. 2 in the "25 Best Cult TV Shows from the Past 25 Years", praising its "fast, delirious, interlocking jokes that don't pander to the masses; winky gags (e.g. fake preview scenes for the following week's episode); and a cast of absurd characters". In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it No. 16 on their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series.

Revival
The 2018–2019 revival of the show was met with critical disappointment.

Accolades
In 2004, the first season received seven Emmy Award nominations with five wins. It won for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series, Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, for the pilot episode written by Mitchell Hurwitz and directed by brothers Anthony and Joe Russo. Jeffrey Tambor was nominated that year for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

In 2005, the second season received eleven Emmy nominations in seven categories with one win. Notable nominations included Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (Jason Bateman), Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Jeffrey Tambor), Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (Jessica Walter) as well as three nominations for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, in which it won for "Righteous Brothers", written by Mitchell Hurwitz and Jim Vallely.

In 2006, the third season received four Emmy nominations, for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Will Arnett), Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for the series finale "Development Arrested".

In 2013, the fourth season received three Emmy nominations, for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series (Jason Bateman), Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score) and Outstanding Single-camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series.

Other awards include:
 * The 2004 TV Land Award for "Future Classic", the first recognition the series received. The award presentation is included on the season one DVD release.
 * The 2004 Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Comedy and Outstanding New Program, and the 2005 award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy.
 * The 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy for Jason Bateman.
 * The 2004 Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Comedy, for the episode "Pier Pressure", written by Mitchell Hurwitz and Jim Vallely.
 * The 2004 Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Comedy or Musical, along with Jeffrey Tambor and Jessica Walter for Best Performance by an Actor and Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series – Comedy or Musical. In 2005, Jason Bateman and Portia de Rossi won for Best Actor and Actress in a Series – Comedy or Musical. Jason Bateman also won the same award the following ceremony.
 * The 2005 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Supporting Young Actress for Alia Shawkat.

Lawsuit
In November 2003, the producers of the show were sued by the hip hop group Arrested Development over the alleged use of their name. Rapper Speech from the group said "The use of our name by Fox is not only confusing to the public, but also has the potential to significantly dilute what the 'Arrested Development' name means to our fans". The lawsuit was settled for an undisclosed sum. This incident was alluded to in the episode "Motherboy XXX". The narrator claims the show is "legally required to make a distinction" between the "Motherboy" event happening in the episode and a band called "Motherboy".

Tambor's misconduct
In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter in May 2018, Tambor apologized for actions that led to sexual misconduct accusations against him by co-workers on the TV show Transparent, and mentioned one "blowup" he had with co-star Jessica Walter during production of Arrested Development. Walter was asked about the incident during a cast interview with The New York Times. She became emotional, stating that "in almost 60 years of working, I've never had anybody yell at me like that on a set and it's hard to deal with, but I'm over it now ... [Tambor] never crossed the line on our show, with any, you know, sexual whatever. Verbally, yes, he harassed me, but he did apologize. I have to let it go."

Bateman stated that "in the entertainment industry it is incredibly common to have people who are, in quotes, 'difficult' ... [acting] is a weird thing, and it is a breeding ground for atypical behavior and certain people have certain processes." Tony Hale said that "we all have bad moments", while David Cross suggested that Tambor's outbursts were a "cumulative effect." The Daily Beast criticized Cross's comment as suggesting that Walter had "asked for it." Shawkat came to Walter's defense, saying that being difficult "doesn't mean it's acceptable" to treat someone badly. After outlets criticized the men's statements, Hale, Bateman, and Cross issued apologies to Walter. Netflix cancelled the show's UK press tour. Cera, who was not part of the group interview, stated that "obviously I have to give a lot of consideration to whether I take jobs with anyone and think about how it affects people".

title: Arrested Development


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Horst (geology)

In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. Horsts are typically found together with grabens. While a horst is lifted or remains stationary, the grabens on either side subside. This is often caused by extensional forces pulling apart the crust. Horsts may represent features such as plateaus, mountains, or ridges on either side of a valley. Horsts can range in size from small fault blocks up to large regions of stable continent that have not been folded or warped by tectonic forces.

The word Horst in German means "mass" or "heap" and was first used in the geological sense in 1883 by Eduard Suess in The Face of the Earth.

Geomorphology
Horsts may have either symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-sections. If the normal faults to either side have similar geometry and are moving at the same rate, the horst is likely to be symmetrical and roughly flat on top. If the faults on either side have different rates of vertical motion, the top of the horst will most likely be inclined and the entire profile will be asymmetrical. Erosion also plays a significant role in how symmetrical a horst appears in cross-section.

Horsts and hydrocarbon exploration
Horsts can form structural petroleum traps. In many rift basins around the world, the vast majority of discovered hydrocarbons are found in conventional traps associated with horsts. For example, much of the petroleum found in the Sirte Basin, Libya (of the order of tens of billions of barrels of reserves) are found on large horst blocks such as the Zelten Platform and the Dahra Platform and on smaller horsts such as the Gialo High.

Examples
The Vosges Mountains in France and Black Forest in Germany are examples of horsts, as are the Table, Jura, the Dole mountains and the Rila - Rhodope Massif including the well defined horsts of Belasitsa (linear horst), Rila mountain (vaulted domed shaped horst) and Pirin mountain - a horst forming a massive anticline situated between the complex graben valleys of Struma and that of Mesta.

Larger areas where the continent remains stable with horizontal table-land stratification can be considered horsts, such as the Russian Plain, Arabia, India and Central South Africa. This is in distinction to folded regions such as some mountain chains of Eurasia.

The Midcontinent Rift System in North America is marked by a series of horsts extending from Lake Superior to Kansas.

The Rwenzori Mountains in the East African Rift are an upthrown fault block, and are the highest non-volcanic, non-orogenic mountains in the world.

The Vosges Mountains in France were formed by isostatic uplift in response to the opening of the Rhine Graben, a major extensional basin.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Horst (geology)


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Captain Pugwash

Captain Pugwash is a fictional pirate who appears in a series of British children’s comic strips, books and television shows created by John Ryan.

The eponymous hero – Captain Horatio Pugwash – sails the high seas in his ship called the Black Pig, assisted by cabin boy Tom, pirates Willy and Barnabas, and Master Mate. His mortal enemy is Cut-Throat Jake, captain of the Flying Dustman.

History
At John Ryan’s wedding in 1950, he was introduced by a friend to Marcus Morris, who was launching Eagle, and asked the artist to create a strip for it. When John returned home, he claimed that Captain Pugwash appeared without explanation. It ran for the first nineteen issues of Eagle, but was dropped due to being considered too childish, and John replaced it with Harris Tweed.

The first Captain Pugwash picture book, subtitled A Pirate Story and featuring Tom’s debut, was rejected by twelve publishers until The Bodley Head picked it up in 1957. The book became successful, and was translated around the world. That same year, the BBC commissioned it to be adapted into an animated short film, made using "captions". This was a form of cutout animation that involved levers attached to the back of characters.

All the voices were provided by Peter Hawkins, who had to be hidden behind a monitor due to his facial expressions made while recording being too distracting for the animators. What this did mean was that he could write notes in his script about incidental characters and be reminded of them as they appeared onscreen. Further short films would be produced and broadcast until 1966, and in 1960 a popular and regularly released Radio Times strip was launched to promote the series, running until 1965. In 1974 a new colour series was commissioned, with Peter Hawkins reprising his roles, and wider-reaching than its sporadically produced predecessor.

In 1997, John Ryan licensed the franchise to John Cary Films, followed by The Britt Allcroft Company purchasing the rights to the character, with the intensions of producing a revival series. The new series of 26 episodes, animated traditionally, aired in 1998.

A related book by John Ryan is Admiral Fatso Fitzpugwash, in which it is revealed that Pugwash had a medieval ancestor who was First Sea Lord but was terrified of water.

Captain Pugwash
The pompous but likeable captain of the Black Pig. Although he boasts of being the "bravest buccaneer", he is actually quite cowardly and stupid. His greed often gets him into trouble. Nevertheless, he usually wins the day – either with the help of Tom the Cabin Boy or by sheer luck. Despite being a pirate, he is rarely seen committing any acts of piracy.

The Mate/Master Mate/Mr. Mate
A somewhat dopey character, who has a tendency to use malapropisms and to mispronounce common words. He has a teddy bear in his bunk and is quite mild-mannered. It is not entirely clear why he is the mate, as he does not appear to have any authority over the rest of the crew. He was present in the first ever Pugwash story, in which he was depicted as being constantly sleepy. Pugwash's adenoidal pronunciation of Master Mate's name appears to be the main source of the urban legend about characters' sexually suggestive names.

Barnabas
The most aggressive of the pirates, but in reality just as harmless. He is quite rebellious and grumpy, and is perhaps marginally more intelligent than Willy, the Mate or the Captain. He was not present in the 1998 series.

Willy
A simple sailor from Wigan. He appears to be the youngest crew member (apart from Tom). He is against using violence, and has been the crew's saviour on occasion (more by luck than by design).

Tom the Cabin Boy
It might be argued that without Tom, Pugwash would have been sunk long ago. He is the most intelligent and resourceful member of the crew, the only one who can cook and the only one who can actually sail a ship. Although Pugwash never admits it, Tom's ability to think up schemes is probably the only thing that prevents him from being a total failure as a pirate, though Tom is never angry at him stealing the spotlight. The rest of the crew also found they were unable to operate without Tom, after he left with the captain when the crew mutinied. Tom is an expert concertina player, despite this being a 19th-century anachronism for an 18th-century pirate, and part of his repertoire is "The Trumpet Hornpipe" (the Captain Pugwash theme).

He was portrayed with a Home Counties accent in the first television adaptation, and with an Irish accent in the 1998 series.

Cut-Throat Jake
Captain Pugwash's fearsome arch-enemy, captain of the Flying Dustman (a pun on the Flying Dutchman combined with a reference to the occupation of dustman). When he is not scheming to bring about Pugwash's downfall, he is a rather more competent pirate than his enemy, and always seems to have plenty of treasure. He speaks with a stereotypical West Country accent, and is easily recognisable by his eye patch and enormous black beard.

Characters added in the 1998 series
This character replaced pirate Barnabas, who was in the earlier series. His catchphrase is "No good will come of this, mark my words!" Jonah appears to be of Jamaican origin. He is the tallest of the crew so he often hits his head on the ceiling of the ship's lower deck. He is also one of the strongest of the crew as he is the Black Pig ' s carpenter. This character lives at the top of the island in a mansion covered in vines. He talks very quietly and his head of guard, Lt. Scratchwood, usually acts as a megaphone. He is deeply in love with Donna Bonanza and attends to her every need. An infamous opera singer who is the love of the Governor of Portobello and has her own group of security guards. She owns a cat named Franco. Tom the Cabin Boy’s best friend, who works for barber Betty, and has dreams of becoming a member of the Black Pig. A member of Jake’s crew who somewhat resembles Barnabas, but is less aggressive in the 1998 series. This character appeared in the original series, but was never named. An Australian pirate who works for Jake. He almost always has a mug of grog in his hand. Like Dook, he appeared in the original series but was unnamed. A Mexican who works for Jake, who sometimes finds him annoying. Again, this character was unnamed in the earlier series. The mother of Cut-Throat Jake, who serves as the Flying Dustman’s cook. The voice for the governor and the law for the town of Portobello. In charge of the guard and collecting taxes, he also spends his time chasing thieves. Portobello’s merchant, who sometimes works for Cut-Throat Jake.
 * Jonah
 * Governor of Portobello
 * Donna Bonanza
 * Toni
 * Dook
 * Swine
 * Stinka
 * Jake’s Mum
 * Lieutenant Scratchwood Toddington
 * Rook

Libel case regarding double entendres
In 1991, the Pugwash cartoonist John Ryan successfully sued the Sunday Correspondent and The Guardian newspapers for inaccurately claiming that some Pugwash character names were double entendres.

Pugwashisms
Captain Pugwash is renowned for his exclamations, owing something to the style of Captain Haddock in The Adventures of Tintin:
 * "Dolloping doubloons/dolphins!"
 * "Coddling catfish!"
 * "Lolloping landlubbers!"
 * "Suffering seagulls!"
 * "Staggering stalactites!"
 * "Nautical nitwits!"
 * "Plundering porpoises!"
 * "Kipper me capstans!"
 * "Tottering turtles!"
 * "Dithering dogfish!"
 * "Scuttling cuttlefish!"
 * "Stuttering starfish!"
 * "Blistering barnacles!"
 * "Shuddering sharks!"

Cut-Throat Jake has occasionally been known to utter the similar exclamation, "Scupper me skull-and-crossbones!"

Theme music
The series' signature tune was the "Trumpet Hornpipe", a folk dance that dates to at least the early nineteenth century. Some early versions of the tune refer to it as "Lascelles Hornpipe" and "Baloon Hornpipe". The composer and country of origin are unknown.

The original black-and-white episodes of Captain Pugwash used a solo rendition by the accordionist Tom Edmondson, who had learned the tune from watching Jimmy Shand's band in Northumberland as a teenager. Edmondson's version was recorded in the front room of his home in Harbottle, Northumberland, on 12 July 1954. The recording was made by the folklorist Peter Kennedy as part of the BBC's Folk Music and Dialect Recording Scheme and Edmondson was paid £1.50 (30s) for his efforts. The track was transferred to disc for the BBC Sound Library and, according to John Ryan, it was later chosen as the Captain Pugwash theme by "a genius at the BBC", whose name he could not remember.

For the colour Captain Pugwash episodes, a new recording of the "Trumpet Hornpipe" was commissioned from Johnny Pearson in 1973. This version used accordion, bass and acoustic guitar, and the finished piece was retitled "Shipshape". The recording was published by KPM and was later added to the KPM Recorded Music Library which gave Pearson the composer credit. Pearson’s arrangement of the theme is also used as the goal theme for Fleetwood Town FC.

For the 1998 series, a new arrangement of the theme was created by Philip Lane. Another arrangement appears in the audiobook versions.

The Trumpet Hornpipe itself is in the code of BBC Micro computer game Frak! and Acorn Electron game Zalaga, intended to be played when a pirated version of the game was loaded, a reference to Captain Pugwash.

Original Series

 * Captain Pugwash: A Pirate Story (1957)
 * Pugwash Aloft (1958)
 * Pugwash and the Ghost Ship (1962)
 * Pugwash in the Pacific (1973)
 * Pugwash the Smuggler (1976)
 * Pugwash and the Sea Monster (1976)
 * Pugwash and the Buried Treasure (1980)

Colins Cub series

 * Captain Pugwash and the Ruby (1976)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Treasure Chest (1976)
 * Captain Pugwash and the New Ship (1976)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Elephant (1976)

Strip cartoon series

 * The Captain Pugwash Cartoon Book (1977)
 * The Quest of the Golden Handshake (1983)
 * The Battle of Bunkum Bay (1984)
 * The Secret of San Fiasco (1985)

Black-and-white series

 * Captain Pugwash and the Fancy Dress Party (1982)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Mutiny (1982)
 * Pugwash and the Midnight Feast (1984)
 * Pugwash and the Wreckers (1984)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Huge Reward (1991)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Pigwig (1991)
 * Captain Pugwash and the Birthday Party (1997)

Audiobooks
In 1987, BBC Cover to Cover released various stories published in the 1980s on one cassette, read by the voice of Pugwash in the television series, Peter Hawkins. In 2012, the original picture book series was released on CD, with Jim Broadbent narrating.

1957–1966 series
Produced and directed by Gordon Murray.

 * 1) Captain Pugwash – 8 October 1957
 * 2) The Firework Party – 21 February 1960
 * 3) Surprise Attack – 6 March 1960
 * 4) The Highwayman – 20 March 1960
 * 5) The Captain’s Dream – 3 April 1960
 * 6) Gold Dust – 1 May 1960
 * 7) Abandon Ship – 15 May 1960
 * 8) The Flying Buccaneer – 29 May 1960
 * 9) A New Ship – 7 May 1961
 * 10) The Cuckoo Clock – 21 May 1961
 * 11) The Powder Magazine – 4 June 1961
 * 12) Ivory Cargo – 18 June 1961
 * 13) New Sails – 2 July 1961
 * 14) On Trial – 16 July 1961
 * 15) The Map – 30 July 1961
 * 16) Night Attack – 4 February 1962
 * 17) Ghost Ship – 18 February 1962
 * 18) The Test – 4 March 1962
 * 19) The Secret Weapon – 18 March 1962
 * 20) The Crown Jewels – 1 April 1962
 * 21) The Doctor – 15 April 1962
 * 22) Press Gang – 29 April 1962
 * 23) Man Overboard – 13 May 1962

From 3 October 1962, episodes 2-23 of Captain Pugwash were repeated (skipping only "The Powder Magazine" and "Ivory Cargo"). The twenty episodes ran until 29 March 1963.

 * 1) King of the Barbary Pirates – 5 April 1963
 * 2) Arctic Circle – 12 May 1963
 * 3) The Smugglers – 19 May 1963
 * 4) Tug-of-War – 26 May 1963
 * 5) Solid Gold – 2 June 1963
 * 6) Heads or Tails – 9 June 1963
 * 7) Mobertory Bay – 23 June 1963
 * 8) Secret Mission – 30 June 1963
 * 9) Pleasure Cruise – 7 July 1963
 * 10) Black Pepper – 29 March 1964
 * 11) Home Grown – 5 April 1964
 * 12) Pirate Romance – 12 April 1964
 * 13) The Fortune-Teller – 19 April 1964
 * 14) The Wreckers – 26 April 1964
 * 15) Twins – 3 May 1964
 * 16) A Cure for Hiccups – 17 May 1964
 * 17) High Society – 24 May 1964
 * 18) The Secret of the Stinkas – 10 March 1965
 * 19) The Submarine – 4 April 1965
 * 20) The Haunted Reef – 11 April 1965
 * 21) The Moon of Muddipore – 18 April 1965
 * 22) The Escape – 25 April 1965
 * 23) A Hairy Affair – 2 May 1965
 * 24) Hero Willy – 9 May 1965
 * 25) Total Eclipse – 16 May 1965
 * 26) The Dragon of Pop Sing Ho – 23 May 1965
 * 27) The Vanishing Island – 30 May 1965
 * 28) Captain Moonshine – 6 June 1965
 * 29) Carnival – 13 June 1965
 * 30) Cruise of the Flying Pig: Part 1 – 8 May 1966
 * 31) Cruise of the Flying Pig: Part 2 – 15 May 1966
 * 32) Cruise of the Flying Pig: Part 3 – 22 May 1966
 * 33) The Open Day – 29 May 1966
 * 34) The Man in the Iron Mask: Part 1: The Three Musketeers – 5 June 1966
 * 35) The Man in the Iron Mask: Part 2: Battle Royal – 12 June 1966
 * 36) The Curse of the Pugwashes: Part 1: Ghastleigh Grange – 19 June 1966
 * 37) The Curse of the Pugwashes: Part 2: Family Fortune – 26 June 1966

From 1 January 1973 to 19 April 1974 20 episodes dating from 9-37 were repeated, preceding the 1974-1975 series.

1974–1975 series

 * 1) Down The Hatch
 * 2) Monster Ahoy
 * 3) Mouse Amidships
 * 4) The Showboat
 * 5) Pirate Picnic
 * 6) Flood Tide
 * 7) Fishmeal
 * 8) Mutiny on the Black Pig
 * 9) A Shot Across The Bows
 * 10) The Great Bank Robbery
 * 11) Wedding Bells
 * 12) Diamonds on Ice
 * 13) Stung!
 * 14) The Birthday Cake
 * 15) The Riddle of the Rubies
 * 16) Six Foot Deep
 * 17) The Cannon Ball
 * 18) Witches Brew
 * 19) The Golden Trail
 * 20) Pirate of the Year
 * 21) Easy Money
 * 22) The Plank
 * 23) Voyage of Discovery
 * 24) Fair Exchange
 * 25) Smugglers’ Cove
 * 26) The Flying Buccaneer
 * 27) The Island of the Dodos
 * 28) Caught in the Act
 * 29) A Tell Tale Tail
 * 30) Off With His Head

1998 series

 * 1) The Stowaway Sheep
 * 2) The Portobello Plague
 * 3) The Doubledealing Duchess
 * 4) The Emperor's New Clothes
 * 5) The Boat Race
 * 6) The Dingly Dangly Crab
 * 7) Chest of Drawers
 * 8) The Vanishing Ship
 * 9) Hot Chocolate
 * 10) The Fat Cat
 * 11) The Pandemonium Parrot
 * 12) The Brush With Art
 * 13) A Hair-Raising Day
 * 14) Fiddle De Diamonds
 * 15) The Melodious Mermaid
 * 16) The Titanic Teapot
 * 17) The New Cabin Boy
 * 18) Treasure Trail
 * 19) Peppercorn Pistols
 * 20) Sticky Moments
 * 21) Muddling Monsters
 * 22) The Megamango Monkeys
 * 23) King Pugwash
 * 24) The Devil's Dog
 * 25) Perfumes of Arabia
 * 26) The Admiral's Fireworks

Planned film
In May 2017, a live-action film adaptation was announced, to be directed by John Hay, produced by Atticus Films and starring Nick Frost as Captain Pugwash and Jason Flemyng in an unknown role. Production was set to begin in 2018, with the plot following Captain Pugwash travelling to Botany Bay, where he eventually finds himself at the helm of The Black Pig on a mission to rescue Tom the Cabin Boy's father, who is marooned on a volcanic island. In March 2021, Frost said that he believes the film will be unlikely to be produced because of budget issues, however the following year Isabel Ryan, daughter of creator John, said she wants the film to have the involvement of Rye.

Stage adaptations
On 17 December 1973, a theatre show, Captain Pugwash, written by Ryan and John Kennett, opened at the King's Road Theatre in Chelsea, London. Directed by John Ingram and designed by John Marsh, the entertainment for children played twelve performances a week (twice daily, Monday to Saturday) until 12 January 1974. Edward Philips as Pugwash headed a cast of live actors playing characters including Tom and Cut-Throat Jake. The following year a second play was performed, entitled Captain Pugwash and the Inca Treasure, from 19 December 1974 to 18 January 1975. In 2008 a new show was performed with Richard Alan in the title role.

In popular culture
In a 1990 episode of The 8.15 from Manchester, Captain Pugwash was a special guest.

In a 2002 issue of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Pugwash and Tom the Cabin Boy attended The Pirates’ Conference, alongside Captain Clegg of Doctor Syn, Long John Silver and Captain Hook.

Ed Hartwell’s 2005 short film Time Looters was made using a similar "caption" style of cutouts. All the voices were provided by Joe Grossi, in a similar way to Peter Hawkins.

In a 2006 That Mitchell and Webb Look sketch, Robert Webb criticises the 1974-1975 series, however he finds he is sitting next to the cardboard cutout who played Pugwash.

In a 2007 Dead Ringers sketch parodying BBC Two’s loss of The Simpsons, a ripoff entitled The Stimpsons was created, however the characters were quickly revealed to be Captain Pugwash, Mr. Benn, Charley the Cat and Bagpuss.

The Norwegian band Kaptein Kaliber, founded in 1996, was named after the Norwegian name for the character. Their first album in 1999 featured Pugwash on the cover, limited to twenty copies.

Merchandise
According to Isabel Ryan, her father John did not partake in merchandising unless somebody had created something for him. Waves of merchandise were first produced with the 1974 series, including badges, T-shirts, and jigsaw puzzles. In 1981, Corgi Toys produced a model of the Black Pig, complete with stand-up figures of Pugwash and Tom the Cabin Boy. John himself remarked that the franchise did not sell well in the United States due to the titular character being "too innocuous". For the 1998 series, Vivid Imaginations created many more toys, including miniatures and plushies, both in eight inches and fourteen inches. Six inch Happy Meal plushies were also available as part of the Children’s Favourites line.

Home video releases
The first VHS release of the 1974 series was in 1982, courtesy of RPTA Video. The tape was also released on CED Videodisc. In 1987 Tempo Video released a new tape, which was also sold in Australia via Thorn EMI and the US via Family Home Entertainment.

Between 1990 and 1991 BBC Video released eighteen episodes across two tapes.

For the 1998 series, VCI Home Video released three tapes.

In 2005 HIT Entertainment released 6 episodes on DVD.

This was followed in 2006 by all 26 episodes across three discs exclusive to Australia, and in 2007 by a single release of all 30 episodes of the 1974 series.

title: Captain Pugwash


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Talk:April 20

1945: U.S. troops capture Leipzig
According to the article about Leipzig, "The U.S. 2nd Infantry Division and U.S. 69th Infantry Division fought their way into the city on 18 April and completed its capture after fierce urban action, in which fighting was often house-to-house and block-to-block, on 19 April 1945" (emphasis added). —71.105.198.152 (talk) 17:20, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

Senate Bill 4C (SB 4C) being passed
Per WP:EVENTDOY new entries for events should have an article about the event. There is no article dedicated to Senate Bill 4C (SB 4C) being passed. Please revert your restoring this info. Toddst1 (talk) 22:56, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Done. Kiwipete (talk) 04:43, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * and I added two references, additionally, if you look on the Florida Senate, House and Governor's website there are articles about the events, it has also been covered by U.S. news agencies including ABC News, Associated Press, CBS News, FOX News, NBC News and the local television, radio and newspapers in the Central Florida region. I don't understand your reasoning for saying there is no articles about this event. YborCityJohn (talk) 20:44, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * @YborCityJohn, Toddst1 means a Wikipedia article. —71.105.198.152 (talk) 01:17, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes. That is exactly what WP:EVENTDOY says. Thanks 152.
 * When someone points you to a policy or guideline after engaging you on a talk page, it's usually a good idea to read it.  Toddst1 (talk) 03:56, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

Why do you keep removing an event?
You do know that husband appreciation day happens on April 20 right? Gahex220 (talk) 12:34, 21 April 2024 (UTC)

 * No, it happens on a different date every year. Deb (talk) 13:13, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree they keep removing Vanessa Pirris which she would find offensive if she was here but doomsday had to happen 2A02:C7C:2D80:9D00:6DB5:1F31:57D2:C1FA (talk) 22:22, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

STOP
Why are you removing Vanessa Pirris? DOOMSDAY is a historical moment and she would not like this. 2A00:23EE:1248:BA72:C8B2:ED89:B45E:327 (talk) 07:23, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

 * There is no article on Wikipedia for anyone called Vanessa Pirris, so she cannot be listed here. Deb (talk) 15:33, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 20


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Talk:April 21

Verification needed
i have removed: Nothing of this is mentioned on our Mark Antony article. Can anyone confirm this? Kingturtle 17:33, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Mark Antony is defeated in battle by consul Hirtius in the Battle of Mutina.

John Negroponte appointment is notable?
I propose to remove this entry: "2005 - John Negroponte becomes the first United States Director of National Intelligence." I recognize that this is an important position but I don't think someone assuming the job is important enough to warrant inclusion here. Thoughts? Thanks, Hu Gadarn
 * I agree. If this group ends up making some major historical contribution to history thanks to John's contributions, we might want to revist this.  See ya in twenty years...  Rklawton 18:05, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Not notable in my opinion either. Yet another government department with little global impact at this time in history. -- Borameer ™ 13:56, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I have now removed the entry. Hu Gadarn 18:00, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Bicycle Day
I removed this as the day is incorrect per the article history of LSD and this is, in any event not notable. Argos'Dad 19:34, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Durr, I'm an idiot. It's the 19th, not 21st. My apologies. Though, I would argue the notability bit... Blackbox 19:26, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Princess?
Why is Princess Hamburger of MacDonald's not listed? Quite notable, I think. Her parents, Queen Cheeseburger and King Cola, are listed on their birthdays. Please add Princess Hamburger! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.58.116.184 (talk) 14:29, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Error?
On the bottom of the page, it says "Today" and sites the date as March 22, 2017, but actually it is March 26, 2017 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.228.186.70 (talk) 05:40, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

Cleanup of births and deaths
In accordance with the guidelines, I'm continuing to weed the Births and Deaths sections by removing entries for celebrities with 0-4 articles in other languages. Where possible, these have been transferred to the relevant Year in Topic articles. As well as making the lists more manageable, this will help with the globalization effort.Deb (talk) 09:11, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

Holidays and observances
I think this should be moved to the top. Celebratioins on the 111th day of the year often pre-date the dates.Bosley John Bosley (talk) 15:56, 16 December 2021 (UTC)
 * The 111th day of the year is encompassed by the Spring paschal moveable feast and/or preparations for Christian's Easter.

title: Talk:April 21


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Talk:April 22

Canadian-Swiss
Regarding Zarley Zalapski - the only connection with Switzerland is that he became a Swiss citizen through marriage in 2006. I think that if we said he was, say, Italian-Canadian we would be saying that he is a Canadian from Italy or of Italian descent. So calling him "Canadian-Swiss" implies that his primary identity is Swiss, but he is from Canada or of Canadian descent, which doesn't seem to be true. He is a Canadian, with no Swiss descent or parentage. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 17:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

1930 London Naval Treaty missing nations?
Right now, the line says:

"1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding."

France and Italy were also signatories of the treaty, so why aren't they mentioned here? Or did they sign the treaty on a different date? The Wikipedia entry on the treaty makes no such reference. 2A02:AB88:1A8A:E780:B1A3:B12E:A8F1:73C (talk) 20:44, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 22


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Eastern Time Zone

The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, and the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico.

Places that use:

On the second Sunday in March, at 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap. On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, which results in one hour being duplicated.
 * Eastern Standard Time (EST), when observing standard time (autumn/winter), are five hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−05:00).
 * Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), when observing daylight saving time (spring/summer), are four hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−04:00).

History
The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. The easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern Time. Within the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous region, with nearly half of the country's population.

In March 2019, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year-round daylight saving time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year-round (except for west of the Apalachicola River, which would be on Eastern Standard Time year-round). A similar bill was proposed for the Canadian province of Ontario by its legislative assembly in late 2020, which would have a similar effect on the province if passed.

Daylight saving time
For those in the United States, daylight saving time for the Eastern Time Zone was introduced by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, which specified that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October. The act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time beginning in 1987.

Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007. Since then, local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, and return from 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November.

In Canada, daylight saving time begins and ends on the same days and at the same times as it does in the United States.

Canada
In Canada, the following provinces and territories are part of the Eastern Time Zone: Within Canada, as with the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous time zone.
 * Most of Ontario
 * Most of Quebec
 * Most of Nunavut

Most of Canada observes daylight saving time synchronously with the United States, with the exception of Saskatchewan, Yukon, and several other very localized areas. None of those areas are in the Eastern Time Zone.

United States
The boundary between time zones is set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations, with the boundary between the Eastern and Central Time Zones being specifically detailed in 49 C.F.R. part 71.

Washington, D.C., and 17 states are located entirely within the Eastern Time Zone. They are:

 * Connecticut
 * Delaware
 * Georgia
 * Maine
 * Maryland
 * Massachusetts
 * New Hampshire
 * New Jersey
 * New York
 * North Carolina
 * Ohio
 * Pennsylvania
 * Rhode Island
 * South Carolina
 * Vermont
 * Virginia
 * West Virginia

Five states are divided between the Eastern Time Zone and the Central Time Zone. The following locations observe Eastern Time:

 * Florida: The majority of the state, including Big Bend regions east of the Apalachicola River and portions of Gulf County south of the Intracoastal Waterway
 * Indiana: The majority of the state, except Northwest Indiana and the Evansville metropolitan area.
 * Kentucky: The eastern portion of the state, including its three largest metropolitan areas: Louisville, Lexington, and Northern Kentucky
 * Michigan: The entire state except for the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin: Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee
 * Tennessee: All of East Tennessee including the major cities of Chattanooga and Knoxville and the town of Kingsport, with the exception of Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion counties

Additionally, Phenix City, Alabama, and several nearby communities in Russell County, Alabama, unofficially observe Eastern Time. This is due to their close proximity to Columbus, Georgia, which is on Eastern Time. In addition Smiths Station in Lee County along with Valley and Lanett in Chambers county honor Eastern Time.

Mexico

 * Quintana Roo: This is the only Mexican state to observe EST. It moved from Central Time to Eastern Time after a successful lobbying effort by tourism interests. Quintana Roo does not observe daylight saving time.

Caribbean islands
The Bahamas and Haiti officially observe both Eastern Standard Time during the winter months and Eastern Daylight Time during the summer months. Cuba generally follows the U.S. with Eastern Standard Time in the winter, and Eastern Daylight Time in the summer, but the exact day of change varies year to year. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica use Eastern Standard Time year-round.

Turks and Caicos Islands
The Turks and Caicos Islands followed Eastern Time with daylight saving until 2015, when the territory switched to the Atlantic Time Zone. The Turks and Caicos Islands switched back to the pre-2015 schedule in March 2018. A 2017 consultation paper highlighted the advantage for business and tourism of being in the same time zone as the eastern United States as an important factor in the decision.

title: Eastern Time Zone


text:
Talk:April 23

Anthony White "Tony Atlas"
He was born on april 23.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.135.13.32 (talk) 00:22, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

Battle of Villalar
The Battle of Villalar is listed only on webpages that are about april 23 or about lists of battles. how significant WAS this battle? Kingturtle 10:16, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Holidays and observances

 * Israel - Yom Ha'atzma'ut (Israeli Independence Day) for 2007: (the observed date of this national holiday is determined by the Jewish Calendar).

The Yom Ha'atzma'ut says that this is celebrated on April 24, not the 23. I understand the proublem with Jewish holidays beginning at sundown and lasting until the next sun down. But I don't know which will be the corect date to cite. -Kode 14:50, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Gregorian calendar
I have removed referenced to the Gregorian dates in the events calendar. Since this is our default calendar in the West I see no need to add this. Comments? Thanks,Hu Gadarn 15:37, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

"Cupstacking champion"?
Someone has added a "cupstacking champion" to the birth list for notable people. I'm wondering what people think about this. It is not a redlinked bday but hardly seems notable. My concern is that this lead to an endless list of bdays or articles on people with such historically monumental relevant characteristics as "Winner of Grade 3 sack race" and "Employee of the Month". Thoughts? Thanks, Hu Gadarn 15:37, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * They meet the criteria - they have a Wikipedia page. If they are notable enough for that then they are notable enough to be listed in under Births (at least that is the criteria as I understand it).  If you feel that they are not notable then nominate the page for a delete.  I know it sounds silly but people do take cup stacking seriously.  No accounting for taste I suppose :-D -- Borameer ™ 18:57, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Hu Gadarn 20:39, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Emily Fox is also a notable basketball player, hence she is rightly listed in the Births section. Jim Michael (talk) 14:17, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

William Shakespeare and Miguel Cervantes
William Shakespeare was actually born and died on April 23rd, so I will be adding that. Dave04045 (talk) 18:15, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * He certainly died on 23 April, but although his birthday is often celebrated on that day, no-one knows which day he was born. Jim Michael (talk) 14:17, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I realize his birthday isn't known with certainty as April 23 (that presumption is based on the fact that he was baptized on April 26, and children in that time were customarily baptized three days after birth), but I still think it deserves to be added, albeit with an explanatory asterisk or caveat. That's the long-standing scholarly consensus as his probable birthday, his birthday is actively celebrated on that day by his admirers worldwide, and April 23 was designated by the United Nations as UN English Language Day because it's believed to be birthday of Shakespeare.  If someone comes to this page wanting to know the cultural significance of April 23, it seems unhelpful to omit the primary event that most people associate with that date.  If no one objects, I'll add Shakespeare's birthday with a suitable caveat. 153.31.113.27 (talk) 21:11, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree. It should be added.  In fact, Shakespeare's birthday is listed on the Main "Home Page" of Wikipedia today.  So, it seems odd and incongruous that his birthday is not actually listed on the April 23 page, per se.  Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 14:26, 23 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I added his birthday to the list. If someone wants to include some "explanatory" note or asterisk, that's fine.  I am not quite sure how to word it exactly.  So, I will leave that to someone else.  Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 14:30, 23 April 2018 (UTC)

I've removed Cervantes' death from this day because he almost certainly did not die on this day (his own article says 22 April) and definitely not in the Gregorian calendar. Deb (talk) 10:20, 22 January 2019 (UTC)

Abdulmejid I
Abdulmejid I was born on April 25. His own Wikipedia entry says that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.79.207.64 (talk) 03:49, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

 * His Wikipedia article states (in the lead) that he was born 23/25 April 1823. I assume this means that he was either born on April 23 or April 25.  And the exact date is unknown.  In the Info Box of the article, his birth date is listed as April 25 (1823), with a footnote that states: There are sources that state his birth date as the 23rd of April.  And that footnote contains a source.  So, I think it's clear that his exact date of birth is unclear.  Thanks.    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 13:38, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Removed. Deb (talk) 10:21, 22 January 2019 (UTC)

Holidays and observances - Canada Book Day
hello, this is not associated with St George's Day, just falls on April 23, should not be subordinated--2607:FEA8:D5DF:F3D9:2C01:1B3D:D5AA:C3 (talk) 11:57, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

holidays and observances - international pixel-stained technopeasant day
"declared by author Jo Dalton" - private thing, shouldn't be here. --142.163.194.175 (talk) 11:44, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * any discussion? --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:49, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

holidays and observances - independence day, Conch republic key west florida
as article says, a joke. --142.163.194.175 (talk) 11:49, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * any discussion?--2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:49, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

THIS PAGE IS MISSING A BIRTH DATE THAT OF PANDITA RAMABAI.THEIR IS A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE ABOUT HER
23 APRIL 1858 IS THE BIRTH DATE OF PANDITA RAMABAI.WIKIPEDIA HAS A ARTICLE ABOUT HER. Vyvu ou (talk) 11:38, 27 February 2022 (UTC)
 * So why don't you add an entry to the April 23 article? Please don't put it in WP:ALLCAPS. Kiwipete (talk) 08:14, 28 February 2022 (UTC)

Come on now
How is it possible that the 1600-1900 period has only 1 woman in it? This invisibility is unacceptably retrograde. Nh2n (talk) 12:15, 23 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately there is a large disparity between the number of biographies of men and women on Wikipedia. If you want to find out more about what's been done to try and help this problem, please see WikiProject Women in Red. You can also add people to these lists as long as there are sources provided, please see WP:DAYS for more info. Suonii180 (talk) 12:50, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Moses Sichone
The new messaih is born in kabwe Zambia, on the 23 of April 2003 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 102.146.109.91 (talk) 01:52, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

Mr Lazaro Nyamete Mfaume
CPA(T) A professional Accountant working at Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA-MOROGORO) AS Financial Auditor. 197.250.199.189 (talk) 07:00, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

Holidays and observances -St George's Day
why is England put there? Several countries celebrate St George. 209.128.15.129 (talk) 13:24, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Blair Peach - British activist?
The Events section says, "1979 – Blair Peach, a British activist, was fatally injured...", but I can't see any mention of him being British in the main article. He was born in New Zealand, but I'm not sure of British nationality requirements for the period in question. JezGrove (talk) 20:32, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 23


text:
Talk:April 24

I removed the following Catholic feasts

 * Bova and Doda
 * William Firmat
 * Mary Euphrasia Pelletier

Redlinked. Remover until verification. mikka (t) 17:10, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added back William Firmatus and Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, they have articles and are saints for this day.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 11:48, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
 * St Bova is also known as St Beuve and has a Wiki article --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:43, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
 * St Doda is Doda of Reims --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:46, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

Page protection
Due to a rather high incidents of anonymous IPs vandalising the article, plus the stated intent by one user to add a nonsense holiday to the mix, I feel justified in locking down this page for the time being. If another admin disagrees with this action, feel free to undo the protection. 23skidoo (talk) 18:28, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Armenian Genocide
I see that the information about the Armenian Genocide was wiped out of this page recently. Consequently, I made the necessary adjustments, but I hope that this does not happen again. --Davo88 (talk) 18:15, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

St Mark's Eve
Unless there is a discussion, I will remove St Mark's Eve. It is not current, and was not a Christian celebration but cultural.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 11:48, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
 * A year later, with no other commenters, I removed St Mark's Eve.  Someone has reverted my deletion.  Please discuss here why it should be retained. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 14:29, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

ok then I'll remove it.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 17:42, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

"World day for laboratory animals"
Would anyone else like to check and see if this meets the criteria for mention? Seems to me it is a private initiative.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 11:59, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
 * seems to me no. It is not official. delenda est --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:41, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

Kapyong Day
Nothing in the linked article indicates that this is a commemoration or holiday. Certainly it isn't in Canada. Suggest it be moved to events. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 12:12, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Josh Fight
Should I add the 2021 Josh fight? NutronStar45 -- T / C 04:44, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

Mimi Smith
Why is she notable? She is famous only for being John Lennon's aunt. Claretandblue1874 (talk) 16:23, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 24


text:
Talk:April 25

ANZAC Day
Can you please put today's event on the article? Australia celebrates ANZAC Day today.

Alice Day
I arranged the holidays in alphabetical order and added Alice Day.

Somebody removed Alice Day claiming that it was illegitimate. However, it is recognized by a lot of people.

Unless anyone gives a good and valid reason why Alice Day shouldn't be on the page I will readd it. --81.227.83.65 (talk) 16:46, 24 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Alice Day is not a mainstream, widely observed international observance. The minimum criterion for an observance to be included in the date articles is that the observance be the subject of its own article (except in the case of religious feasts which need to be mentioned in the subject's bio article).  This observance is mentioned in Pro-pedophile_activism but it is not the subject of the article.  The reference to Alice Day in the article is not supported by a source that mentions "female-attracted pedophiles" and therefore is only marginally supportive of the observance.  Further, it seems to me that you have some sort of agenda regarding this issue since all of your edits have been in reference in some way to pedophilia.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 17:17, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

- "criterion", singular; "criteria", plural. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Marquess (talk • contribs) 05:20, 25 April 2013 (UTC)

Edward Drummond

 * 1843 - Edward Drummond, British civil servant

Either his appearance in the Death List for 25th April is incorrect, or his Date of Death shown in his wiki bio is incorrect. It appears Mr Drummond died on January 25th 1843, not April 25th... Samilong (talk) 09:24, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

1861 - American Civil War: The Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C.
Subject topic is not an event. The army never left Washington. On this date, some particular Union Army change happened to protect DC from CSA takeover. What was it? If I knew I'd edit as so; am curious. Thx to editors for any update. Marquess (talk) 05:15, 25 April 2013 (UTC)
 * 1861 – American Civil War: The Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C.

Pope Anianus
Anianus of Alexandria is celebrated on this day by Roman Catholicism, which does not call him Pope. He is celebrated by the Coptic Church, which does call him Pope, on Nov. 29. I suggest the title "Pope" be removed here. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 14:40, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 April 2019
Change "1931 – James Fenton, Northern Irish linguist and poet" to "1949 – James Martin Fenton, English poet, journalist and literary critic." and correct the hyperlink accordingly. (Northern Irish James Fenton's birthday is 5th June; it's the English James Fenton whose birthday is 25th April, according to their respective Wikipedia pages.) 82.39.109.67 (talk) 19:14, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done NiciVampireHeart 21:37, 24 April 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 April 2019
Under Events, the sentence "The western Georgian kingdom of Imereti accepts the suzerainty of the Russian Empire" is missing a period. 98.210.124.96 (talk) 05:24, 25 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done, thanks! ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 13:10, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

Red Hat Day
This is not any official commemoration, not sponsored by a government at any level. A social movement. I recommend it be deleted. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 14:39, 25 April 2019 (UTC)
 * agreed--142.163.195.187 (talk) 15:16, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * so any debate? --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:26, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

DNA day
explicitly (in article) non-governmental since 2003. I suggest it be deleted.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 14:41, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 25


text:
Talk:April 26

Query re 1988 - Anna Svidersky, girl from MySpace who was murdered
Is this a legitimate entry for the birth page? Hardly seems noteworthy to me but I am not knowledgeable of the subject material/relevance. I propose deletion on this page (but keep the article if justified) - thoughts? Thanks, Hu Gadarn 22:10, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Not improtant enough a person for their birth to be on this article; her birth is not notable. Lkjhgfdsa 0 (talk) 20:41, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Which is correct?
Joey Jordison is listed here as 26 April, 1976, but his article says he was born on 26 April 1975.
 * I've changed it to 1975 per his page. Fabricationary 01:41, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Reference to Sublime song
A user made reference to a Sublime song believing it to be called "April 26, 1992", when in actuality it is called "April 29, 1992 (Miami)" which deals with the 1992 Los Angeles Riots - which began on April 29 of 1992.
 * I removed the Rodney King Riots reference, since the 92 riots actually took place on the 29th onward, not the 26th. DumberDrummer (talk) 09:02, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Shakespeare
From Kara: I added Shakespeare's christened date and in parentheses I added that this was not his birthdate. This I learned in my English class and I thought someone might want to know that piece of information. 70.241.201.34 00:23, 2 April 2007 (UTC)Kara

Births and deaths section
The births and deaths sections in most Date articles have become unmanageably large. In accordance with the guidelines, I'm continuing to weed these by removing entries for celebrities with 0-4 articles in other languages. Where possible, these have been transferred to the relevant Year in Topic articles. As well as making the lists more manageable, this will help with the globalization effort.Deb (talk) 20:00, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

Independent Order of Odd Fellows
Founded April 26, 1819 by Thomas Wildey it was the largest fraternal organization/secret society in the world. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows included presidents such as Ulysses S. Grant and Rutherford Hayes. Merrick31 (talk) 14:23, 26 April 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2019
Under Events, the sentence "People's Daily publishes the April 26 Editorial which inflames the nascent Tiananmen Square protests" is missing a period at the end. 65.126.95.130 (talk) 03:33, 27 April 2019 (UTC)

 * ✅. Fixed, thanks.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 04:15, 27 April 2019 (UTC)

Rudolph Hess description
Under Births - "Egyptian-German politician". Do we have a problem with writing "Nazi politician", or Deputy Fuhrer of Third Reich or similar? GraemeLeggett (talk) 15:31, 26 April 2020 (UTC)

Confederate Memorial Day - Florida
The article does not say it is celebrated in Florida on April 26, just that the 'holiday' commemorates an event on April 26. The article has a list of states that have this 'holiday', but none of them mention April 26.Some of them mention the last Monday of April, but we don't modify these articles every year to accommodate such things --142.163.195.187 (talk) 15:12, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 26


text:
Talk:April 27

Veterans' Day
Why does the wikilink in "Finland: Veterans' Day" go to an American holiday? J I P | Talk 07:39, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Removed as unsupported. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 14:57, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * All I objected to was the wikilink. It really is Veterans' Day today here in Finland, but the article the wikilink led to talked about a different day, honouring veterans from another country, and held on November 11. I think Veterans' Day in Finland should be mentioned, but unless we write an article about that specific day, it should not have a wikilink. J I P  | Talk 15:02, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It can't be listed there if it does not link to a supporting article. If there is an article that mentions the observance, it can be added back linking to that article.  It wasn't listed in Public holidays in Finland and that is usually where I'd look to find support for such an observance.  You can add it to that article, then add the observance back to this article.  (Mufka digs some more).  Found it in Flag days in Finland.  I'll add it back.  Some English sources for that article would be useful if you can find some.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 15:22, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

"1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The "shores of Tripoli" part of the Marines' hymn). " - In this text, the link to Derna goes to a Romanian city, rather than the one on the African North coast.

National Day (Mayotte)
Can this be removed please - it now redirects to National Day Annasdottir (talk) 12:38, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I have removed it, but actually you could have done that yourself :). Lectonar (talk) 12:45, 21 June 2017 (UTC)

Thanks, will do so in future! Annasdottir (talk) 15:56, 23 June 2017 (UTC)

unFreedom Day
not an official thing. --142.163.195.11 (talk) 18:12, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * any debate? --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 11:20, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

Century is not written with a capital letter
Hi everyone,

Per WP:MOSCAPS, the word 'century' shouldn't be written with a capital letter. Have a great day! 77.61.13.7 (talk) 07:36, 28 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 27


text:
Arrested Development (group)

Arrested Development is an American hip hop group, that was formed in Atlanta in 1988. It was founded by Speech and Headliner as a positive, Afrocentric alternative to the gangsta rap popular in the late 1980s. Baba Oje and frontman Speech met at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee when they were both students.

History
Arrested Development was formed in 1988 by rapper and producer Todd Thomas ("Speech") and turntablist Timothy Barnwell (known as Headliner). The group's debut album 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of... was the number-one album in the Village Voices 1992 Pazz and Jop Critic's Poll and in The Wires 1992 Critic's choice. The group won two Grammy Awards in 1993: for Best New Artist, making them the first hip hop artist to win this award, and for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. They were also named Band of the Year by Rolling Stone. The debut album sold over 6 million copies worldwide.

A few months later, the group was approached by film director, Spike Lee to compose a song for his upcoming biopic based on the life of Malcolm X. The group then recorded "Revolution", which appeared on the soundtrack for the film as well as the second half of its closing credits when the film was released in 1992.

Their 1994 follow-up, Zingalamaduni, sold poorly, and they broke up shortly after in 1996. The group reunited in 2000, touring and releasing records via Speech's Vagabond Productions, but Aerle Taree did not return due to vocal problems. Today, Aerle is a poet and converted from Buddhism to Christianity. DJ Headliner started his own business named Creative Royalty Group. On 14 October 2010, Baba Oje had a stroke.

In November 2003, the group sued the Fox network over the name of the TV show Arrested Development. The suit is referenced in the Arrested Development episodes "Public Relations", "Motherboy XXX", "Sword of Destiny", and "For British Eyes Only".

In June 2005, the group won the first round of the television series contest, Hit Me, Baby, One More Time, performing "Tennessee" and covering Los Lonely Boys' "Heaven" and donated the $20,000 proceeds to UNICEF. The group's follow-up to their 2004, Among The Trees was Since the Last Time, released internationally on 18 September 2006. Since the Last Time was released in the United States on 30 October 2007, on Vagabond Record & Tapes, Speech's boutique label.

In March 2007, they toured Australia as part of a triple-bill, along with Simple Minds and INXS. In 2008, Arrested Development teamed with The Black Eyed Peas and performed at The Concert for Peace in Jerusalem, Israel to promote peace among Palestinians and Israelis. Also in 2008, Arrested Development visited and sang with Debbie Peagler, an incarcerated survivor of domestic violence, and the inmate gospel choir that Peagler led at a California women's prison. Their visit was meant to support Peagler's legal battle for her release from prison and call attention to the plight of other victims of abuse and wrongful incarceration. The collaborative performance is included in Yoav Potash's documentary film Crime After Crime.

In 2010, the group released their ninth album Strong under Vagabond Records and Tapes, and licensed to the Japanese record label Cutting Edge, on December 9, 2009, and had a top 10 hit in Japan with the single "The World Is Changing". In an interview with Songfacts, Speech explained that the track "Greener" takes on the issue of climate change from the perspective of the African-American community.

On January 8, 2011, they with Emmylou Harris performed at the festival first night of the Sydney Festival in Sydney, Australia to 50,000 people. In August 2012, the group released its tenth album Standing at the Crossroads, recorded while touring internationally. The album, given away for free from the group's official website, took a lo-fi approach and was recorded entirely on a Mac laptop. The same month, they announced a new tour throughout the United States and Australia to celebrate their 20th anniversary.

On October 9, 2016, Arrested Development performed at the Delicious Festival in South Africa. A line up that included The Jacksons, Macy Gray, De La Soul, Elements of Life, Roy Ayers and local food celebrities Reuben Riffel, and Sarah Graham. The next day, members of Arrested Development drove to an orphanage in Soweto, then paid homage to Nelson Mandela at his home.

In January 2018, Arrested Development performed on the Trumpet Awards television show.

Baba Oje died of leukemia on October 26, 2018. His age was reported to be 86 or 87.

In October 2018, Speech released The Nigga Factory, a three-part docuseries exploring themes of racism and Afrocentrism. Later that year, they also released the album Craft & Optics.

In 2018, 16 Bars, a documentary that follows prison inmates as they undertake musical projects, was made.

On September 5, 2019, Arrested Development was given an award from Black Music Honors, which acknowledges artists that have made a significant contribution to African-American music.

On December 11, 2023 the group released the song Hip Hop Saves Lives featuring Chuck D & Grandmaster Caz. The record was produced by Configa.

Current members

 * Speech – lead vocals, production (1988–1996, 2000–present)
 * Jason "JJ Boogie" Reichert – guitar, mix engineering, production (2000–present)
 * One Love – vocals (2001–present)
 * Fareedah Aleem – vocals, dancing, choreography (2004–present)
 * April Allen – vocals (2021–present)

Former members

 * Headliner – turntables (1988–1996)
 * Baba Oje – spiritual elder (1990–1996, 2000–2018; his death)
 * Montsho Eshe – dancing, choreography, vocals (1990–1996, 2000–2012)
 * Rasa Don – drums, vocals (1990-1996, 2000–2006)
 * Aerle Taree – vocals, stylist (1990–1996)
 * Dionne Farris – vocals (1992)
 * Ajile – vocals (1994–1995)
 * Foley – bass (1994–1996)
 * Kamaal Malak – bass (1994–1996)
 * Kwesi Asuo – vocals (1994–1996)
 * Nadirah Shakoor – vocals (1994–1996)
 * Isaiah 'Za' Williams III – bass (1996, 2000–2018)
 * Nicha Hilliard – vocals, dancing (1996, 2000–2008)
 * Tasha Larae – vocals (2008–2021)

Compilations

 * 1998: Best of Arrested Development
 * 2001: Greatest Hits

title: Arrested Development (group)


text:
Talk:April 28

2003 allegation of Iraqi killings by US soldiers
"2003 - Iraq: 15 unarmed teenagers were killed by American forces in front of a school during a demostration; marking the beginning of the Falluja riots that took place during April 2003."

From the Falluja page...

"On the evening of April 28, 2003, a crowd of 200 people defied a curfew imposed by the Americans and gathered outside a occupied local secondary school to protest the presence of Coalition forces in the city and demand its reopening. Following the discharge of some demonstrators' firearms into the air, soldiers stationed at the roof of the building opened fire upon the crowd resulting in the deaths of 13 civilians."

The numbers are different. Anyone want to clarify? Also, might consider adding that there were weapons in the crowd if that actually happened.

Saddam Hussein "former" entry
Someone added the word "former" in front on Saddam Hussein's title as "president". I removed this. My reason is that this was his title. If we are to use "former" for every case when people no longer have this function then almost every entry will be "former" (e.g. "former arch-duke of lombardy, "former baseball pitcher", "former signer"... I welcome your thoughts on this. Thanks, Hu Gadarn 00:22, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with your thoughts. All past Presidents of the United States remain "President Soandso".  He was indeed the President of Iraq and was for a long period of time.  I see no reason to strip the title from him as I would be surprised to find anyone that doesn't know of him and his . . . ummmm . . . "current situation". -- Borameer ™ 01:15, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Adding the years after a Presidential / Prime Ministerial term is best. He ceased to be President & PM in 2003, but, for the rest of his life, he continued to claim that he still held those positions. Jim Michael (talk) 22:28, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Deleted reference to first practice by a choir in Southern Hemisphere
Good day. I removed the following text "1990 - In Melbourne, Australia, the first rehearsal of the Melbourne Gay and Lesbian Chorus is held - the first organisation of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere." Reason = there is no indication that this is a significant event. True, the entry mentions first time in the southern hemisphere but ... so what? If this event is note-worthy, then please create an article of the event and link here. If it is not then please do neither. Thanks, Hu Gadarn 17:48, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Rehearsals are rarely notable, and as such it is unusual for articles to be made about them. If an article about an event does not exist, then it shouldn't be included on a Day article. Jim Michael (talk) 22:28, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Jeffrey Dahmer's death in 1994
Jeffrey Dahmer was murdered in prison on April 28, 1994. I figure you can add this to the "deaths" section for this date. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.104.244.198 (talk) 20:34, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

--ERIC S4646 (talk) 20:39, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Dahmer died on November 28, not April 28, and is already listed in the deaths section there. Winston365 (talk) 20:43, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

First night game in organized baseball? Probably not.
The Sporting News has an article listing four earlier games involving organized teams, the first of which (July 4, 1896) involved Honus Wagner. Robert A.West (Talk) 23:07, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Ed Balls
In defence of the anonymous editing taking place today, I think that there is possible justification to add Ed Balls Day; it is a notable phenomenon which has found its way all the way into Hansard… after Mr. Balls' defeat in the election last year. Sceptre (talk)
 * A commemoration of an accidental tweet? I really don't see that as being particularly notable.  Rwessel (talk) 20:33, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Apart from the fact that notability doesn't limit article content, I'm pretty sure it is notable enough for its own article if it came to it. Sceptre (talk) 08:55, 30 April 2016 (UTC)
 * WP:Days of the year states that "Holidays and observances, if notable enough for inclusion, should be the subject of a Wikipedia article". As this is only mentioned in a section of an article, so I'm not sure it qualifies now.  Rwessel (talk) 06:37, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:April 28