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The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)

The Animals of Farthing Wood is a British animated series commissioned by the European Broadcasting Union between 1993 and 1995, and is based on the series of books written by English author Colin Dann. It was produced by Telemagination, based in London, and La Fabrique, based in Montpellier in France, but also aired in other European countries. The first countries to air the series were Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, and the United Kingdom, in January 1993.

In October 2016, Network Distributing released all three series of The Animals of Farthing Wood onto a DVD box set. This was the first time that all episodes had been released in English as an official and complete set. As of 2021, it is now available for digital purchase in the UK on Amazon Prime Video.

Synopsis
The television series followed the basic plots of the series of books, although certain elements were changed.

The first series followed the animals of Farthing Wood, who were forced to flee their homes after humans started destroying the wood to build suburban tract houses. Led by Fox, and guided by Toad, the animals left Farthing Wood on a journey to White Deer Park, a nature reserve where they would be protected. The second and third series followed the relationships between the Farthing Wood animals, the White Deer Park animals and outsiders, particularly a blue fox named Scarface, his mate Lady Blue and cub Ranger.

The episodes were made in both the UK and France. Because of this, in Series 1 traffic is seen driving on the right hand carriageway of the motorway, but they are briefly seen in Series 3 driving on the left hand side. Other than this, the location is generally kept ambiguous, apart from a brief moment in Series 2 when a gravestone is visible with French writing on it.

When the series aired in the United States, two versions were shown: the UK version which was shown on select television stations, and a new version released on home video titled Journey Home: The Animals of Farthing Wood. The home video version saw some of the voices changed, for example, the role of Fox was replaced by Ralph Macchio, along with added songs as well.

Cast

 * Jeremy Barrett as Mole, Mr. Rabbit, Mr. Shrew, Measley, Warden's Cat, Bold, Friendly, Hollow, Mossy, Hurkel and others.
 * Rupert Farley as Fox, Mr. Hare, Mr. Pheasant, Plucky, Trey, Fido and others.
 * Jon Glover as Scarface, Ranger, Crow, Warden, Brat and others.
 * Sally Grace as Weasel, Owl, Mrs. Vole, Mrs. Pheasant and others.
 * Stacy Jefferson as Vixen, Adder, Kestrel, Mrs. Hare, Mrs. Rabbit, Whisper, Shadow and others.
 * Pamela Keevilkral as Dash, Cleo, Speedy, Mrs. Squirrel, Mrs. Hedgehog and others.
 * Ron Moody as Badger, Toad, Whistler, Bully, Spike, Rollo, Mr. Hedgehog, Mr. Vole, Mr. Fieldmouse, The Great White Stag, and others.
 * Maria Warburg as Whisper (Audiobook only)
 * Peter Woodthorpe as Whistler, Toad, and The Great White Stag (Audiobook only)
 * Timothy Bateson as Measley, Fox, Trey, and others (Audiobook only)
 * Fiona Reid as Weasel and Adder (US dub only)

Fox, the leader of the Animals of Farthing Wood, was voiced by Rupert Farley in the UK and Ireland version but in the US home video version he was played by Ralph Macchio.

Buzz Books
These are based upon the characters in the television series. Some parts had happened differently.

 * "Farewell to the Wood" (based upon The Wood in Danger)
 * "The Adventure Begins" (based upon The Journey Begins)
 * "Fire" (based upon Through the Fire and Water)
 * "A New Friend" (based upon Friend in Need)
 * "Heroes" (based upon Whistler's Quarry)
 * "The Silent Field" (based upon A Deathly Calm)
 * "The Storm Shelter" (based upon Pandemonium)
 * "Journey's End" (based upon So Near and Yet So Far)
 * "A New Home" (based upon A Hero's Welcome, Winter, and Survival)
 * "Badger in Danger" (based upon Winter, and Survival)
 * "Unwelcome Visitors" (based upon New Enemies)
 * "Spring Awakening" (based upon Home is Where the Heart Is)
 * "Bold" (based upon The Feud Begins)
 * "Trouble in the Park" (based upon Like Father, Like Son, Narrow Escapes, and Shadows)
 * "Showdown" (based upon Blood is Thicker Than Water)
 * "Peace" (based upon Reconciliation)
 * "Strangers in the Park" (based upon Comings and Goings)
 * "The Weasels' Adventure" (based upon The Missing Fox's Friend, Tiffs and Tempers, and The Long Tailed Visitor)
 * "To the Rescue" (based upon The Missing Fox's Friend, Adventure for the Birds, and Scared Silly by Snakes)
 * "The Rat Spy" (based upon The Long Tailed Visitor and The Mole Game)

Adventures of Fox
Adventures of Fox appears last on the Greatest BBC Children's Video along with Fireman Sam, Pingu, Spider, William's Wish Wellingtons, Clangers, Nursery Rhyme Time, Noddy's Toyland Adventures, Funnybones, Hairy Jeremy, and The Little Polar Bear. It has clips from the following episodes:
 * Beginning and end of "The Wood in Danger" (Loggers attack the Wood, Owl informed about the pond filled in, Assembly)
 * Beginning of "The Journey Begins" (Leaving the Wood)
 * End of "Snare for the Unwary" (Kestrel spots river, Animals cross River, Fox and Badger hit by driftwood)
 * Beginning of "Who Shall Wear the Crown?" (Badger found in reeds, Kestrel loses Fox, Animals move on)
 * Some beginning and middle of "New Friends, Old Enemies" (Fox arrives at Town, Fox put onto truck, Fox meets Vixen)
 * Some parts of "Friend in Need" (parts with Hunting, Meeting Big Owl, Searching, Fox Hunt and the ending)

Merchandise
Apart from books and videos, there was also a Farthing Wood CD-ROM game that was released in October 1996, and in the mid-1990s, a 130-part magazine for children entitled "Farthing Wood Friends" was also developed. Audio tapes recapping the first two seasons were released, with the story being told to young fox cubs by several of the cast who would also debate the events and mimic some of the other characters.

There are also three TV tie-in books available, one to accompany each of the TV series:
 * The Animals of Farthing Wood links with Series 1.
 * The Further Adventures of The Animals of Farthing Wood links with Series 2.
 * The Animals of Farthing Wood – Spirit of Survival links with Series 3.

These follow the same storylines, but are presented in a comic-strip style.

Watered-down versions of episode storylines were also featured as a running story in Farthing Wood Friends, illustrated using photographic stills from the series. Between magazine coverages of second and third series episodes, abridgements of Colin Dann's original stories were used to fill the void, entitled Tales From Farthing Wood. Another book adaptation of the running story employed for series one was released by Ted Smart Publishing, with illustrations by Stuart Trotter.

Episode stories were also abridged for Buzz Books, Reed Children's Books' range of storybooks based on popular children's characters. The Farthing Wood stories in this range started with five books to begin with, then steadily expanded to cover the remainder of series one and series two. Illustrations were produced by William Heinemann in favour of using stills from the series.

Hornby, known mainly for its model railways, produced collectable figurines of the series ensemble, released in batches or 'presentation packs'. They were as follows:

1st Series: Fox, Badger, Mole, Weasel, Toad & Owl

2nd Series: White Stag, Scarface, Kestrel, Adder, Whistler & Rabbit

3rd Series: Bully, Vixen, Plucky, Fido, Cleo, Rollo, Measly, Speedy, Hollow, Hurkel, Dash & Sinuous

The characters were also released in twin packs and later in the run, Hornby produced compatible play-scenes. Early in the run, almost simultaneous with the first series being shown in the UK, they released plush toys of Badger, Fox and Mole. Although these were rare finds in toyshops, they were the subject of a running promotion in Farthing Wood Friends, enabling readers to win them.

Despite the show being very popular, the series did not see any form of DVD release until 2009, with the episodes on VHS hard to find up to then (in particular the last two collections). However, there had been an increase in unofficial DVDs available on eBay.

Series 1 came out in France in February 2009.

In Germany, Series 1 was released on 25 September 2009, Series 2 on 27 May 2011, and Series 3 on 24 February 2012. The German DVD releases offer both English and German audio options.

In October 2016, Network released all three series of The Animals of Farthing Wood onto a DVD box set. This is the first time all episodes have been released in English as an official and complete set. Brownee Bear Productions also own the licence for this show. The licence was done through agreements of the creators.

Differences between the books and the series
There are a number of differences between the books and the television series, most notably the changing of a number of characters from male to female. This included Adder, Weasel, Owl, and Kestrel, who retained the markings of a male kestrel. Owl had also been known as Tawny Owl in the books. In addition to this, the books featured a family of lizards who became the newts of the television series. New characters like the Shrews, Hurkel and Measley were introduced. Plucky is also changed from being Bold's grandson to his son. There are females that are males now. They are Sinuous, The Big Owl and Hollow. The Fieldmice are now known as the Mice. Holly is now known as Hollow.

Minor plot changes also exist, such as the order of the pheasant's deaths, the deaths of Badger and Moley, and the motives of certain characters. Scarface has a different reason for attacking the Farthing Animals and Bold leaves the Park after an argument with his father, rather than to find a mate as he does in the books. In contrast to Badger's death, Toad and Mossy survive in the television series, the former befriending Spike, the rat who killed Mossy and was killed himself by Adder in the books. The cause of Sinuous' death was also changed. Of the rats, Brat originally returned to the sewers instead of being killed by Sinuous, while Bully had his tail bitten off by Cleo rather than being killed by Vixen. Also in the end of the book Season 3 was based on, Battle for the Park, Dash is the one who tells the others that White Deer Park has merged with another reserve giving more space for the animals to live. In Season 3, it is instead Trey who tells them this.

Scarface and his tribe were rival red foxes in the books. His mate was not also named in the books and her personality is not so developed. Too many red foxes would have been confusing for viewers, so the animators made Scarface and his family distinguishable by making them "blue foxes" (more commonly referred to as "silver foxes", a melanistic color morph of the red fox). Speedy was also unnamed. There are also one-episode characters that didn't appear in the books such as The Red Squirrels, Stoat and Scragg the Rat who is killed in his one-time appearance.

The only main plotline that is left out of the series is the plot of The Siege of White Deer Park, in which the character known as 'The Beast' (a big wild cat) attacks the park, causing further trouble for the animals' survival. The storyline of this book is presumably removed because of too much horror and peril themes and the sub-plots that occur in the book (such as Badger mistaking Mossy for Mole) are broken down into small plot changes in the other book storylines for the series.

Credits

 * Based on the books by: Colin Dann
 * Written by: Alan Case, Steve Walker, Sue Butterworth, Jenny McDade, Gordon Harrison, Elphin Lloyd-Jones, Valerie Georgeson
 * Adapted by: Steve Walker
 * Music composed & arranged by: Detlev Kühne
 * Theme music composed and arranged by: Detlev Kühne
 * Recorded by: Kölner Rundfunkorchester
 * Directors: Elphin Lloyd-Jones, Philippe LeClerc
 * Assistant director: Emile Bourget
 * Animation director: Alan Simpson
 * Character designs: Elphin Lloyd-Jones, Philippe LeClerc, Patrick Michel
 * Storyboard: Gordon Harrison, Jean Francois Laguionie, Claude Aufrere
 * Backgrounds: Ian Henderson, Richard Mithonard, Valerie Carmona
 * Layouts: Sue Butterworth, Gordon Harrison, Ted Pettengell, Trevor Ricketts, Patrick Michel, Gerard Kiszel, Christian Ragoust
 * Animation: Thomas Barker, Monica Brutton, Alison de Vere, Andy Eraclerus, Christopher Evans, Joan Freestone, Tony Guy, Peter Hale, Arthur Humberstone, Simon Loxton, Fraser MacLean, Charlie MacRae, Janet Nunn, John Perkins, Mike Pocock, Paul Stone, Rosemary Welch, José Xavier
 * Key animators: Chris Clarke, Gary Hender, Nathalie Biston, Marian Brooks, Valerie Pouyanne, Jean Francois Galataud, Monica Moinar, Lea Movement
 * Assistant animators: Philippe Archer, Jean-Yves Regnault, Laurence Commeyras, Isabelle Pouyanne, Didier Chenu, Catherine Halvic, Muriel Chevallier, Sega Favre, Sylvia Bottiau, Sim Lignon
 * Trace & paint: Audrey Hammond, Pat Arthy, Pete Arthy, Lynda Marmont, Chris Jones, Ross Marks, Sharon Martins, Becky New, Vivienne Redmond, Jenni Steers, Dominique Lenoble, Clarie Dame, Nancy Rey, Frederic Jaubert, Suzy Kopp, Sophie Beltran, Brigitte Boursereau, Rodney Crofton, Carole Dorange, Nathalie Finiels, Cathy Gentric, Isabelle Landmann, Claire Larnelle, Cathy Rigall, Maria Stockman, Mireille Valentin
 * Checking: Ann Kotch, Janine Arthy, Isabelle Perrichon, Andrew Ryder
 * Rostrum camera: Chris Williams, Anthony Hagen, Jacques Armand, Yves Francon, Jean Paul Rossard
 * Software: Animo Cambridge Animation Systems
 * Production supervisor: Jean-Paul Gaspari
 * Production coordinator: Dominique Edmond-Marlette
 * Production accountants: Helmut Breuer, Philippe Marteaux
 * Editing: Theresa Plummer-Andrews, John Daniels, Ken Morgan, Tom Oliver
 * Special effects: Stephan Hartl, Malcolm Beattie
 * Picture editor: Fiona Keene
 * Videotape services: Video Time
 * Line test camera: Plaza Synchron
 * Dialogue editor: John Daniels, Hilary Daniels, Hans-Peter Kaufman
 * Track readers: Otto Sander, Ulli Philipp, Tilly Lauenstein, Martin Semmelrogge, Helmut Ruge, Wichart V. Roell, Karin Kernke, Franz-Josef Steffens, Stephan Schwartz, Marion Martinzen, Manfred Lehmann, Peter Fricke, Benno Hoffmann, Thomas Reiner, Horst Sachtleben, Michael Habeck, Tommy Piper, Arne Elsholtz, Ingeborg Lapsien, Stefan Orlac
 * Associate producer: Wolfgang Wegmann
 * Producer: John M. Mills
 * Production: A Martin Gates Production in association with Telemagination (London), Praxinos (Montpeller) for the BBC Enterprises
 * EBU coordinator: Marie-Claire Vionnet
 * Executive producers: Siegmund Grewenig, Theresa Plummer-Andrews
 * Film laboratories: European Cineman, Television Year
 * Copyrighted in 1992, 1993 and 1995 by the European Broadcasting Union (of Europe)


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Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting

The Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting has been awarded since 1953, under one name or another, for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single article or series in a U.S. news publication. It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City.

From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, No Edition Time. From 1964 to 1984, it was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting.

The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award.

Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, No Edition Time

 * 1953: Edward J. Mowery of New York World-Telegram & Sun, "for his reporting of the facts which brought vindication and freedom to Louis Hoffner."
 * 1954: Alvin McCoy of The Kansas City Star, "for a series of exclusive stories which led to the resignation under fire of C. Wesley Roberts as Republican National Chairman."
 * 1955: Roland Kenneth Towery of Cuero Record (Texas), "for his series of articles exclusively exposing a scandal in the administration of the Veterans' Land Program in Texas. This 32-year-old World War II veteran, a former prisoner of the Japanese, made these irregularities a state-wide and subsequently a national issue, and stimulated state action to rectify conditions in the land program."
 * 1956: Arthur Daley of The New York Times, "for his outstanding coverage and commentary on the world of sports in his daily column, Sports of the Times."
 * 1957: Wallace Turner and William Lambert of Portland Oregonian, "for their exposé of vice and corruption in Portland involving some municipal officials and officers of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Western Conference. They fulfilled their assignments despite great handicaps and the risk of reprisal from lawless elements."
 * 1958: George Beveridge of Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), "for his excellent and thought-provoking series, "Metro, City of Tomorrow," describing in depth the urban problems of Washington, D.C., which stimulated widespread public consideration of these problems and encouraged further studies by both public and private agencies."
 * 1959: John Harold Brislin of Scranton Tribune and Scrantonian, "for displaying courage, initiative and resourcefulness in his effective four-year campaign to halt labor violence in his home city, as a result of which ten corrupt union officials were sent to jail and a local union was embolden to clean out racketeering elements."
 * 1960: Miriam Ottenberg of Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), "for a series of seven articles exposing a used-car racket in Washington, D.C., that victimized many unwary buyers. The series led to new regulations to protect the public and served to alert other communities to such sharp practices."
 * 1961: Edgar May of Buffalo Evening News, "for his series of articles on New York State's public welfare services entitled, Our Costly Dilemma, based in part on his three-month employment as a state case worker. The series brought about reforms that attracted nationwide attention."
 * 1962: George Bliss of Chicago Tribune, "for his initiative in uncovering scandals in the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, with resultant remedial action."
 * 1963: Oscar Griffin Jr. of Pecos Independent and Enterprise, "who as editor initiated the exposure of the Billie Sol Estes scandal and thereby brought a major fraud on the United States government to national attention with resultant investigation, prosecution and conviction of Estes."

Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting

 * 1964: James V. Magee, Albert V. Gaudiosi and Frederick Meyer of Philadelphia Bulletin, "for their exposé of numbers racket operations with police collusion in South Philadelphia, which resulted in arrests and a cleanup of the police department."
 * 1965: Gene Goltz of Houston Post, "for his exposé of government corruption Pasadena, Texas, which resulted in widespread reforms."
 * 1966: John Anthony Frasca of Tampa Tribune, "for his investigation and reporting of two robberies that resulted in the freeing of an innocent man."
 * 1967: Gene Miller of Miami Herald, "for initiative and investigative reporting that helped to free two persons wrongfully convicted of murder."
 * 1968: J. Anthony Lukas of The New York Times, "for the social document he wrote in his investigation of the life and the murder of Linda Fitzpatrick."
 * 1969: Al Delugach and Denny Walsh of St. Louis Globe-Democrat, "for their campaign against fraud and abuse of power within the St. Louis Steamfitters Union, Local 562."
 * 1970: Harold Eugene Martin of Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal, "for his exposé of a commercial scheme for using Alabama prisoners for drug experimentation and obtaining blood plasma from them."
 * 1971: William Jones of Chicago Tribune, "for exposing collusion between police and some of Chicago's largest private ambulance companies to restrict service in low income areas, leading to major reforms."
 * 1972: Timothy Leland, Gerard M. O'Neill, Stephen A. Kurkjian and Ann Desantis of The Boston Globe, "for their exposure of widespread corruption in Somerville, Massachusetts."
 * 1973: The Sun Newspapers Of Omaha, "for uncovering the large financial resources of Boys Town, leading to reforms in this charitable organization's solicitation and use of funds contributed by the public."
 * 1974: William Sherman of New York Daily News, "for his resourceful investigative reporting in the exposure of extreme abuse of the New York Medicaid program."
 * 1975: Indianapolis Star, "for its disclosures of local police corruption and dilatory law enforcement, resulting in a cleanup of both the Police Department and the office of the County Prosecutor."
 * 1976: Staff of Chicago Tribune, "for uncovering widespread abuses in Federal housing programs in Chicago and exposing shocking conditions at two private Chicago hospitals."
 * 1977: Acel Moore and Wendell Rawls Jr. of The Philadelphia Inquirer, "for their reports on conditions in the Farview (Pa.) State Hospital for the mentally ill."
 * 1978: Anthony R. Dolan of Stamford Advocate, "for a series on municipal corruption."
 * 1979: Gilbert M. Gaul and Elliot G. Jaspin of Pottsville Republican (Pennsylvania), "for stories on the destruction of the Blue Coal Company by men with ties to organized crime."
 * 1980: Stephen A. Kurkjian, Alexander B. Hawes Jr., Nils Bruzelius, Joan Vennochi and Robert M. Porterfield of The Boston Globe, "for articles on Boston's transit system."
 * 1981: Clark Hallas and Robert B. Lowe of Arizona Daily Star, "for their investigation of the University of Arizona Athletic Department."
 * 1982: Paul Henderson of Seattle Times, "for reporting which proved the innocence of a man convicted of rape."
 * 1983: Loretta Tofani of The Washington Post, "for her investigation of rape and sexual assault in the Prince George's County, Maryland Detention Center."
 * 1984: Kenneth Cooper, Joan Fitz Gerald, Jonathan Kaufman, Norman Lockman, Gary McMillan, Kirk Scharfenberg and David Wessel of The Boston Globe, "for their series examining race relations in Boston, a notable exercise in public service that turned a searching gaze on some the city's most honored institutions including the Globe itself."

Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting

 * 1985: Lucy Morgan and Jack Reed of St. Petersburg Times (Florida), "for their thorough reporting on Pasco County Sheriff John Short, which revealed his department's corruption and led to his removal from office by voters."
 * 1985: William K. Marimow of The Philadelphia Inquirer, "for his revelation that city police dogs had attacked more than 350 people - an exposure that led to investigations of the K-9 unit and the removal of a dozen officers from it."
 * 1986: Jeffrey A. Marx and Michael M. York of Lexington Herald-Leader (Kentucky), "for their series 'Playing Above the Rules,' which exposed cash payoffs to University of Kentucky basketball players in violation of NCAA regulations. However, the UK basketball program did little to reform itself in the wake of the articles; true reform would not come until the program was involved in another cash-for-recruits scandal three years later."
 * 1987: Daniel R. Biddle, H.G. Bissinger, and Fredric N. Tulsky of The Philadelphia Inquirer, "for their series 'Disorder in the Court,' which revealed transgressions of justice in the Philadelphia court system and led to federal and state investigations." John Woestendiek of The Philadelphia Inquirer for "outstanding prison beat reporting, which included proving the innocence of a man convicted of murder."
 * 1988: Dean Baquet, William C. Gaines, and Ann Marie Lipinski of Chicago Tribune, "for their detailed reporting on the self-interest and waste that plague Chicago's City Council."
 * 1989: Bill Dedman of Atlanta Journal and Constitution, "for his investigation of the racial discrimination practiced by lending institutions in Atlanta, reporting which led to significant reforms in those policies."
 * 1990: Lou Kilzer and Chris Ison of Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune, "for reporting that exposed a network of local citizens who had links to members of the St. Paul fire department and who profited from fires, including some described by the fire department itself as being of suspicious origin."
 * 1991: Joseph T. Hallinan and Susan M. Headden of The Indianapolis Star, "for their shocking series on medical malpractice in the state."
 * 1992: Lorraine Adams and Dan Malone of The Dallas Morning News, "for reporting that charged Texas police with extensive misconduct and abuses of power."
 * 1993: Jeff Brazil and Steve Berry of Orlando Sentinel (Florida), "for exposing the unjust seizure of millions of dollars from motorists – most of them minorities – by a sheriff's drug squad."
 * 1994: Providence Journal-Bulletin (Rhode Island) staff, "for thorough reporting that disclosed pervasive corruption within the Rhode Island court system."
 * 1995: Stephanie Saul and Brian Donovan of Newsday, "for their stories that revealed disability pension abuses by local police."
 * 1996: The Orange County Register staff, "for reporting that uncovered fraudulent and unethical fertility practices at a leading research university hospital and prompted key regulatory reforms."
 * 1997: Eric Nalder, Deborah Nelson, and Alex Tizon of The Seattle Times, "for their investigation of widespread corruption and inequities in the federally sponsored housing program for Native Americans, which inspired much-needed reforms."
 * 1998: Gary Cohn and Will Englund of The Baltimore Sun, "for their compelling series on the international shipbreaking industry that revealed the dangers posed to workers and the environment when discarded ships are dismantled."
 * 1999: The Miami Herald staff, "for its detailed reporting that revealed pervasive voter fraud in a city mayoral election that was subsequently overturned."
 * 2000: Sang-Hun Choe, Charles J. Hanley, and Martha Mendoza of Associated Press, "for a report on the killings of Korean civilians by American soldiers in the early days of the Korean War."
 * 2001: David Willman of Los Angeles Times, "for his pioneering exposé of seven unsafe prescription drugs that had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and an analysis of the policy reforms that had reduced the agency's effectiveness."
 * 2002: Sari Horwitz, Scott Higham, and Sarah Cohen of The Washington Post, "for a series that exposed the District of Columbia's role in the neglect and death of 229 children placed in protective care between 1993 and 2000, which prompted an overhaul of the city's child welfare system."
 * 2003: Clifford J. Levy of The New York Times, "for his vivid, brilliantly written series 'Broken Homes' that exposed the abuse of mentally ill adults in state-regulated homes."
 * 2004: Michael D. Sallah, Joe Mahr, and Mitch Weiss of Toledo Blade, "for a series on atrocities by the Tiger Force during the Vietnam War."
 * 2005: Nigel Jaquiss of Willamette Week, Portland, Oregon, "for his investigation exposing former governor Neil Goldschmidt's long concealed sexual misconduct with a 14-year-old girl."
 * 2006: Susan Schmidt, James V. Grimaldi and R. Jeffrey Smith of The Washington Post, "for their indefatigable probe of Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff that exposed congressional corruption and produced reform efforts."
 * 2007: Brett Blackledge of The Birmingham News, "for his exposure of cronyism and corruption in the state's two-year college system, resulting in the dismissal of the chancellor and other corrective action."
 * 2008 (dual winners): Walt Bogdanich and Jake Hooker of The New York Times, "for their stories on toxic ingredients in medicine and other everyday products imported from China, leading to crackdowns by American and Chinese officials." Staff of The Chicago Tribune, "for its exposure of faulty governmental regulation of toys, car seats and cribs, resulting in the extensive recall of hazardous products and congressional action to tighten supervision."
 * 2009: David Barstow of The New York Times, "for his tenacious reporting that revealed how some retired generals, working as radio and television analysts, had been co-opted by the Pentagon to make its case for the war in Iraq, and how many of them also had undisclosed ties to companies that benefited from policies they defended."
 * 2010 (dual winners): Barbara Laker and Wendy Ruderman of Philadelphia Daily News, "for their resourceful reporting that exposed a rogue police narcotics squad, resulting in an FBI probe and the review of hundreds of criminal cases tainted by the scandal." Sheri Fink of ProPublica, in collaboration with The New York Times Magazine, "for a story that chronicles the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital’s exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina."
 * 2011: Paige St. John of Sarasota Herald-Tribune, "for her examination of weaknesses in the murky property-insurance system vital to Florida homeowners, providing handy data to assess insurer reliability and stirring regulatory action."
 * 2012 (dual winners): Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman, Eileen Sullivan and Chris Hawley of Associated Press, "for their spotlighting of the New York Police Department’s clandestine spying program that monitored daily life in Muslim communities, resulting in congressional calls for a federal investigation, and a debate over the proper role of domestic intelligence gathering." Michael J. Berens and Ken Armstrong of The Seattle Times, "for their investigation of how a little known governmental body in Washington State moved vulnerable patients from safer pain-control medication to methadone, a cheaper but more dangerous drug, coverage that prompted statewide health warnings."
 * 2013: David Barstow and Alejandra Xanic von Bertrab of The New York Times, "for their reports on how Wal-Mart used widespread bribery to dominate the market in Mexico, resulting in changes in company practices."
 * 2014: Chris Hamby of The Center for Public Integrity, Washington, D.C. "for his reports on how some lawyers and doctors rigged a system to deny benefits to coal miners stricken with black lung disease, resulting in remedial legislative efforts."
 * 2015 (dual winners): Eric Lipton of The New York Times, "for reporting that showed how the influence of lobbyists can sway congressional leaders and state attorneys general, slanting justice toward the wealthy and connected." The Wall Street Journal staff, "for 'Medicare Unmasked,' a pioneering project that gave Americans unprecedented access to previously confidential data on the motivations and practices of their health care providers." The Wall Street Journal team included John Carreyrou, Chris Stewart, Rob Barry, Tom McGinty, Martin Burch, Jon Keegan and Stuart Thompson.
 * 2016: Leonora LaPeter Anton and Anthony Cormier of Tampa Bay Times and Michael Braga of Sarasota Herald-Tribune, "for a stellar example of collaborative reporting by two news organizations that revealed escalating violence and neglect in Florida mental hospitals and laid the blame at the door of state officials."
 * 2017: Eric Eyre of Charleston Gazette-Mail, Charleston, West Virginia, "for courageous reporting, performed in the face of powerful opposition, to expose the flood of opioids flowing into depressed West Virginia counties with the highest overdose death rates in the country."
 * 2018: The staff of The Washington Post, "for purposeful and relentless reporting that changed the course of a Senate race in Alabama by revealing a candidate's alleged past sexual harassment of teenage girls and subsequent efforts to undermine the journalism that exposed it." Team: Stephanie McCrummen, Beth Reinhard and Alice Crites.
 * 2019: Matt Hamilton, Harriet Ryan and Paul Pringle of Los Angeles Times, "for consequential reporting on a University of Southern California gynecologist accused of violating hundreds of young women for more than a quarter-century."
 * 2020: Brian M Rosenthal of The New York Times, "for an exposé of New York City’s taxi industry that showed how lenders profited from predatory loans that shattered the lives of vulnerable drivers, reporting that ultimately led to state and federal investigations and sweeping reforms."
 * 2021: Matt Rocheleau, Vernal Coleman, Laura Crimaldi, Evan Allen and Brendan McCarthy of The Boston Globe, "For reporting that uncovered a systematic failure by state governments to share information about dangerous truck drivers that could have kept them off the road, prompting immediate reforms."
 * 2022: Corey G. Johnson, Rebecca Woolington and Eli Murray of the Tampa Bay Times, "For a compelling exposé of highly toxic hazards inside Florida’s only battery recycling plant that forced the implementation of safety measures to adequately protect workers and nearby residents."
 * 2023: Staff of The Wall Street Journal, "for sharp accountability reporting on financial conflicts of interest among officials at 50 federal agencies, revealing those who bought and sold stocks they regulated and other ethical violations by individuals charged with safeguarding the public’s interest."
 * 2024: Hannah Dreier, The New York Times, "for a deeply reported series of stories revealing the stunning reach of migrant child labor across the United States and the corporate and governmental failures that perpetuate it."


text:
User:Motor

Self-administered Q&A.

Babylon 5 questions:

 * Who are you? No-one in particular.

 * What do you want? Money. A beautiful girlfriend who worships the ground I walk on. The usual stuff.

 * Why are you here? I come to wikipedia for two three four reasons,
 * I get bored, so I click on the watch list, or "New Pages", or "Random"... and edit things until I get bored again, and then go and find something else to occupy my copious free time.
 * I see something on the telly/hear something on the radio/read something in a book that I either don't understand or am not clear about, and I want to know more.
 * I need something to make me sound clever and fool others that I know what I'm talking about... so I come to wikipedia and read up on a topic.
 * I've developed a kind of muscle memory for clicking the wikipedia link on my start page. I often find myself arriving here without having thought about it.

Other questions:

 * When did you arrive? Late 2003. I recorded it somewhere on a List of Wikipedians article. I can't be arsed looking it up because clicking on the "My contributions" to find the first one takes too long, what with wikipedia being slow at the moment and me being on a dreadful dial-up connection.
 * What do you edit? Ummm... stuff. Besides editing typos, formatting headings and external links etc... I've done a lot of work on Blackburn Rovers F.C., because it's my local football team and I spotted a book about it in the library. Even though I don't watch or play football -- figure that one out. I've also been working my way through creating articles on the episodes of The Outer Limits. I'm not a particular fan of it (although I certainly do enjoy it), but it gives me something to do. In short, I do whatever happens to catch my attention at the time, and whatever comes to hand.
 * What do you think of Wikipedia? I like it. I like the commitment to being neutral and open to all. I like how, on a large scale, it's always improving. I like how it reminds me that people will organise themselves and build something remarkable without being coerced or paid, but just because it's fulfilling to do something constructive. I like how there seems to be more of those constructive people than destructive ones who want to spoil things. I like how Wikipedia is open. Everyone has to start somewhere, and exposure to good writing and constructive criticism is valuable alongside Wikipedia's value as a free encylopaedia.

New series

 * SCIFI.com episode guide --- Urgh, needs javascript.
 * Official ep guides
 * TVTome ep list

Old series

 * Official-ish old ep guide
 * TVTome ep guides

Cottontown.org

title: User:Motor


text:
Louis W. Sullivan

Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an active health policy leader, minority health advocate, author, physician, and educator. He served as the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services during President George H. W. Bush's Administration and was Founding Dean of the Morehouse School of Medicine.

Biography
He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, although his parents moved to rural Blakely, Georgia, shortly after he was born. His father was a mortician and his mother a teacher. His parents sent him, and his brother Walter, to live with friends in Atlanta during the school year where there were better public schools. By age 5, with inspiration from his family physician and encouragement from teachers and parents, Sullivan had decided he would pursue a career in healthcare.

In 1950, Sullivan graduated from Atlanta's Booker T. Washington high school as Class Salutatorian. He then enrolled at Morehouse College and graduated magna cum laude in 1954, before earning his medical degree, cum laude, from Boston University School of Medicine in 1958. His postgraduate training included internship and residency in internal medicine at New York Hospital – Cornell Medical Center (1958–60), a clinical fellowship in pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital (1960–61), and a research fellowship in hematology at the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory of Harvard Medical School, Boston City Hospital (1961–63).

He is certified in internal medicine and hematology, holds a mastership from the American College of Physicians and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha academic honor societies.

Sullivan was an instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School from 1963–64, and an assistant professor of medicine at Seton Hall College of Medicine from 1964–66. In 1966, he became co-director of hematology at Boston University Medical Center and, a year later, founded the Boston University Hematology Service at Boston City Hospital. Sullivan remained at Boston University until 1975, holding positions as assistant professor of medicine, associate professor of medicine, and professor of medicine. In his teaching, he specialized in "sickle-cell anemia and blood disorders related to vitamin deficiencies".

He married E. Ginger Williamson, an attorney, on September 30, 1955. They have three children.

Sullivan is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

In 1992, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 2000, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Letters from Oglethorpe University.

Morehouse School of Medicine
Sullivan became the founding dean and director of the Medical Education Program at Morehouse College in 1975. The program became The School of Medicine at Morehouse College in 1978, admitting its first 24 students to a two-year program in the basic medical sciences. In 1981, the school received provisional accreditation of its four-year curriculum leading to the M.D. degree, became independent from Morehouse College and was renamed Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM), with Sullivan as dean and president. In 1983, MSM became a member of the Atlanta University Center (AUC). MSM was fully accredited as a four-year medical school in April 1985 and awarded its first 16 M.D. degrees in May of that year.

With the exception of his tenure as secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from 1989 to 1993, Sullivan was president of Morehouse School of Medicine for more than two decades. On July 1, 2002, he retired and was appointed president emeritus.

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Sullivan left MSM in 1989 to accept an appointment by President George H.W. Bush to serve as secretary of HHS. In this cabinet position, Sullivan managed the federal agency responsible for the major health, welfare, food and drug safety, medical research and income security programs serving the American people.

Initiatives
Among his efforts to improve the health and health behavior of Americans were: (1) the introduction of a new and improved FDA food label; (2) the release of Healthy People 2000, a guide for improved health promotion/disease prevention activities; (3) the public education program focused on the health dangers from tobacco use (including the successful efforts to prevent the introduction of "Uptown," a non-filtered, mentholated cigarette); (4) the inauguration of a $100 million minority male health and injury prevention initiative; and (5) a greater emphasis on gender and ethnic diversity in senior positions of HHS, including the selection of the:
 * First female Director of the National Institutes of Health
 * First female (and first Hispanic) Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service
 * First African-American Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
 * First African-American Administrator (Acting) of the Health Care Financing Administration and
 * First female Chief of Staff of the Department of Health and Human Services

In 1991, Sullivan formed the Workgroup for Electronic Data Interchange (WEDI). WEDI was designated in the 1996 HIPAA legislation as an advisor to HHS. WEDI is an authority on the use of Health IT to improve healthcare information exchange in order to enhance the quality of care, improve efficiency, and reduce costs of our nation's healthcare system. In 2013, on the 20th anniversary of the original WEDI Report, WEDI brought together healthcare, corporate and government organizations to create an updated WEDI Report to guide the future of health information exchange. The 2013 WEDI Report was managed by an Executive Steering Committee led by Sullivan.

In January 1993, he returned to Morehouse School of Medicine and resumed the office of president until 2002.

The Sullivan Commission
Established in 2003, the Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce [was] an outgrowth of a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to Duke University School of Medicine. Named for former U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., the Commission [was] composed of 16 health, business, higher education and legal experts and other leaders. Former U.S. Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole and former U.S. Congressman and Congressional Health Subcommittee Chairman Paul Rogers [served] as Honorary Co-Chairs.

The Sullivan Commission [made] policy recommendations to bring about systemic change that [addressed] the scarcity of minorities in the health professions. The work of the Commission [came] at a time when enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities in nursing, medicine, and dentistry has stagnated despite America's growing diversity. While African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians, as a group, constitute nearly 25 percent of the U.S. population, these three groups account for less than 9 percent of nurses, 6 percent of physicians, and only 5 percent of dentists.

The Sullivan Commission gathered testimonies from health, education, religion and business leaders; community and civil rights advocates; health care practitioners; and students. Drawing upon the expertise and experience of the Commissioners, and the witnesses who provided valuable testimony, the Commission's report, Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions, [provided] the nation with a blueprint for achieving diversity in the health professions.

The Sullivan Alliance to Transform the Health Professions
Sullivan organized The Sullivan Alliance in January 2005, to act on the reports and recommendations of the Sullivan Commission (Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions), and the Institute of Medicine Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Healthcare Workforce.

The Sullivan Alliance became a 501c.3. non-profit organization in 2011. The Sullivan Alliance: (1) raises awareness of the importance and value of achieving racial and ethnic diversity in the health professions; (2) disseminates information about "best practices" and resources that enhance the health professions pipeline; and (3) stimulates academic programs and partnerships in the health professions of medicine, dentistry, nursing, psychology and public health to create new—or more effectively implement existing—diversity initiatives.

The Sullivan Alliance actively participates in a project funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to train mid-level dental professionals, thereby addressing the shortage of dentists and increasing the diversity in the dental professions.

The Sullivan Alliance has developed an international consortium that is building a U.S.-Caribbean health disparities research partnership that responds to the Institute of Medicine's 2009 report, U.S. Commitment to Global Health: Recommendations for the Public and Private Sector, by conducting research that lessens knowledge gaps about global health disparities. The project focuses on epidemiological research in order to advance understanding of the relationships among health factors such as: history-ancestry, language, indigenous health practices, life styles, and socioeconomic status. Funded by the Department of Health and Human Services through a cooperative agreement with NIH's National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIH-NIMHD), the United States of America (U.S.)-Caribbean Alliance for Health Disparities Research (USCAHDR) consortium includes NIMHD, The Sullivan Alliance; and The University of the West Indies.

National Health Museum
Sullivan is chairman of the Atlanta-based National Health Museum. The National Health Museum (NHM) will educate and inspire Americans to live healthier lives. NHM will help move our society from simply treating disease to promoting and maintaining health. NHM will build and lead a national health and wellness community with two platforms: a global online network and digital information hub called the Cyber Museum, and a visitor center at Atlanta's Centennial Olympic Park called the Experience Museum.

Board member
Sullivan serves on the boards of a number of organizations including: Henry Schein, United Therapeutics, Emergent BioSolutions, and BioSante Pharmaceuticals. He is retired from the boards of General Motors, 3M, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cigna, Household International (now HBSC), and Equifax.

Sullivan is the founding president of the Association of Minority Health Professions Schools (AMHPS). He is a former member of the Joint Committee on Health Policy of the Association of American Universities and the National Association of Land Grant Colleges and Universities.

He also is a member of the boards of Africare in Washington, D.C., and Callaway Gardens in Pine Mountain, Georgia.

Other leadership roles
In 1985, Sullivan was one of the founders of Medical Education for South African Blacks (MESAB). From 1994–2007, he served as chairman of the organization, which raised scholarship funds in the United States and South Africa for more than 10,000 black health professions students, who are now physicians, nurses, dentists and other health professionals in South Africa.

In March 2008, Sullivan was appointed to the new Grady Hospital Corporation Board of Trustees. In June 2008, Sullivan accepted appointments to (a) the Health Disparities Technical Expert Panel (HDTEP) of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) of HHS and (b) an Institute of Medicine Committee, "Improving the Organization of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to Advance the Health of Our Population."

Publications
Sullivan has authored and co-authored many academic papers. Recently, he has also contributed to two books: The Morehouse Mystique: Becoming a Doctor at the Nation's Newest African American Medical School (Author: Marybeth Gasman. Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012); and Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine (Authors: Louis W. Sullivan and David Chanoff. Publisher: University of Georgia Press. 2014)

Annual Sullivan 5K Run/Walk
In 1989, Sullivan and his wife Ginger founded the Annual Sullivan 5K Run/Walk on Martha's Vineyard in Oak Bluffs, MA. The race promotes Dr. and Mrs. Sullivan's belief in the health benefits of daily exercise. The event celebrated its 35th anniversary in 2023 and approximately $800,000 has been raised to support the Martha's Vineyard Hospital.

Honors
In 2024, Dr. Sullivan was inducted as a Georgia Trustee, an honor given by the Georgia Historical Society in conjunction with the Governor of Georgia to individuals whose accomplishments and community service reflect the ideals of the founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.

title: Louis W. Sullivan


text:
Company of Watermen and Lightermen

The Company of Watermen and Lightermen (CWL) is a historic City guild in the City of London. However, unlike the city's 111 livery companies, CWL does not have a grant of livery. Its meeting rooms are at Waterman's Hall on St Mary at Hill, London.

The role of watermen was to transfer passengers, while lightermen moved goods and cargo, between the Port of London and vessels moored in the River Thames. Although modern river workers are licensed by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, the Company continues its roles arranging apprenticeships, lobbying on river matters, and organising historic annual events and ceremonies.

The company's clerk is Julie Lithgow, formerly director of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers.

History

CWL was established in the medieval period to support and maintain rights of the river workers. The two main occupations were that of watermen and lightermen. The watermen transferred passengers across and along city centre rivers and estuaries. Most notable are those on the Thames and Medway. Other rivers such as the Tyne and Dee in Wales had watermen who formed guilds in medieval times. Lightermen transfer goods between ships and quays (including wharves, jetties and piers) – they specifically loaded (originally 'laded') and unloaded ('alighted') the ships. Laded survives in the phrases bill of lading and fully laden) In the Port of London they overwhelmingly used flat-bottomed barges, called lighters.

The King's Bargemaster and Royal Watermen are chosen from their number.

The company's centuries-spanning apprenticeship index is a popular genealogy source.

Annual race
The Doggett's Coat and Badge, which was first raced in 1715, is the oldest continuously-run river race. It claims to be the oldest continually staged annual sports event; though single sculls replaced the original skiffs or lighters.

The winner's prize is a watermen's red coat plus a silver badge, displaying the White Horse of Hanover and the word "Liberty", in honour of George I's coronation. Each completing contestant of the six apprentice competitors receive a miniature of a Doggett's Badge for their lapel in a ceremony at Watermen's Hall, in silver for the winner and in bronze for the others. The Fishmongers' Company sponsors the awards, rewarding the rowing clubs of the top four with tiered prizes of £1,000, £600, £400, and £200.

Three public houses retain memorabilia of the race :
 * Doggett's Coat & Badge, south-side of Blackfriars Bridge close to The Shard, London SE1.
 * The Coat & Badge, Putney, London SW15.
 * The Doggett Coat and Badge, Margate, lower reaches of the Thames Estuary.

Swan Upping
Swan Upping is the practice by which the swans found on the river Thames between Sunbury and Abingdon are caught, ringed, and released. The skiffs used for this practice by the King's Marker of the Swans are rowed by a team of oarsmen, from the Watermen and Lightermen.

The Tudor Pull
Every year the Thames Traditional Rowing Association organise a ceremony called the Tudor Pull, in which the Royal Barge Gloriana is escorted down the Thames by cutters, all crewed by the King's Barge Master and members of the Watermen & Lightermen Company. They transport 'The Stela' - a section of ancient wooden water pipe - from Hampton Court Palace to the Tower of London, where it is handed over to the Duty Governor of the Tower and the Yeoman Warders.

Mayoral duties
Every June, since 1381, the company holds the Knollys Rose Ceremony when a well-dressed procession presents a fresh rose to the incumbent Lord Mayor of London at his official residence, the Mansion House. CWL also takes part in the annual Lord Mayor's Show.

Modern roles
CWL lobbies on river-related matters. It often works alongside the Passenger Boat Association, raising issues about jobs, legislation, and safety. The organisation negotiates with the UK government and its agencies. For example, in 2003 the Company of Watermen and Lightermen was given funding to provide assistance grants to apprentices from the riverside east London boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham.

Charitable work
In 1975 a linked charity, Transport on Water (TOW), was founded by members and people in public life. It aims to maintain the Thames and other waterways, including the Medway, as working rivers. It has organised The Thames Barge Driving Race since 1975.

title: Company of Watermen and Lightermen


text:
Kenroku-en

Kenroku-en (兼六園), located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, is a strolling style garden constructed during the Edo period by the Maeda clan. Along with Kairaku-en and Kōraku-en, Kenroku-en is considered one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan and is noted for its beauty across all seasons, particularly in winter. Spread over nearly 25 acres, features of the landscape include meandering paths, a large pond, several tea houses, and one of Japan's oldest fountains. First opening to the public in 1871, the garden was later designated a National Site of Scenic Beauty in 1922, and subsequently received status as a National Site of Special Scenic Beauty in 1985. The grounds are open through paid admission year-round during daylight hours.

History
Kenroku-en was developed from the 1620s to the 1840s by the Maeda clan, the daimyōs (feudal lords) who ruled the former Kaga Domain.

While the date of initial development of the garden that would become known as Kenrokuen is rather unclear, one version of the garden's origins can perhaps be marked by the completion of the Tatsumi water channel in 1632 by Maeda Toshitsune, the third daimyō of the powerful Maeda clan and ruler of the Kaga Domain from 1605 to 1639, as this feature would be later incorporated into creating the garden's twisting waterways in 1822.

Conversely, in other versions of the garden's inception, it is said to have originated when the 5th daimyō Tsunanori [r. 1645–1723] built in 1676 the Renchiochin house on the slope facing Kanazawa Castle, and gave its garden the name lotus pond (蓮池庭), also spelled Renchi-tei. The garden is located outside the gates of Kanazawa Castle where it originally formed the outer garden, and covers 114,436.65 m2 (over 25 acres). It began in 1676 when the 5th daimyō Maeda Tsunanori moved his administration to the castle and began to landscape a garden in this vicinity. This garden was, however, destroyed by the fire in 1759.

Not much is known about Renchitei in the years after it was named, principally as about eighty years after its creation, nearly the entire garden was destroyed by a massive fire in 1759. However, it is known from documents of the period that before the fire, the garden was often used and enjoyed by successive lords and retainers for "different banquet occasions such as viewing the moon ... enjoying colorful maples", and for admiring horses. Furthermore, local legend suggests that the Sacred Well of Kenroku-en – arguably the oldest object in the garden if the legend is true – suggests that: "1,200 years ago a peasant named Togoro stopped to wash his potatoes at the well. Suddenly, flakes of gold began to bubble up from the well, giving Kanazawa – meaning 'Marsh of Gold' – its name. Water from the well runs to the purification basin at the nearby Shinto shrine, and many people come to the Sacred Well for water for the tea ceremony." The Shigure-tei teahouse – constructed in 1725 – miraculously survived the fire of 1759, and it offers evidence that not only was the tea ceremony present before the fire, but more importantly so was the culture associated with this elaborate ritual as it had a significant effect on garden design. Following the fire, the teahouse continued to be used and was completely restored during the Meiji period. It can still be seen today in the Renchitei section of the garden.

Kaiseki Pagoda
Another object that existed in or around the garden before the fire of 1759 was the Kaiseki Pagoda (海石塔), which is currently situated in Kenroku-en on an island near the center of Hisago Pond (瓢池). Not only is this object of considerable interest due to the theories which suggest its origin, but it also requires extra consideration due to the fact it "was erected by the third lord Toshitsune" who lived from 1594 to 1658, as it provides evidence that perhaps it predates the initial creation of Renchitei. Of course, this depends upon one's interpretation regarding both when the garden was initially created, along with the two theories regarding its origin. The first theory suggests it was formerly part of a "13-tiered pagoda that was once in the Gyokusen-in garden in Kanazawa Castle". The second theory suggests the pagoda was "brought back from Korea by Kato Kiyomasa when he came back from a military incursion there, and that it was presented to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and then passed on by him to the first lord Maeda Toshiie". Since these military incursions by Kato Kiyomasa probably took place between 1592 and 1598, and as Hideyoshi died in 1598, if the second theory is true, then the pagoda probably entered Japan and into the hands of Maeda Toshiie between 1592 and 1598. Moreover, both theories regarding its origin could be true, which could propose a third theory behind the pagoda's origin. It is possible that Maeda Toshiie received from Hideyoshi a 13-tiered pagoda, placed it in Gyokusen-in garden in Kanazawa Castle, and a subsequent daimyō placed the pagoda where it stands today in its current form. However, as there isn't any evidence suggesting this third theory, this claim cannot be substantiated.

The garden restoration was begun in 1774 by the 11th daimyō Harunaga, who created the Emerald Waterfall (Midori-taki) and Yugao-tei (夕顔亭), a teahouse. Improvements continued in 1822 when the 12th daimyō Narinaga created the garden's winding streams with water drawn from the Tatsumi Waterway. The 13th daimyō Nariyasu subsequently added more streams and expanded the Kasumi Pond. With this, the garden's current form was complete. The garden was opened to the public on May 7, 1874.

The Six Attributes
The garden was named by Matsudaira Sadanobu in 1822 and literally translates as "Combined" (Ken) "Six" (roku) "Garden" (en) to mean the "Garden of Six Attributes." Sadanobu drew inspiration from the classical Chinese text "Chronicles of the Famous Luoyang Gardens", which outlined the six attributes of a perfect landscape: spaciousness, seclusion, artifice, antiquity, waterways, and panoramas. Attaining all six within one landscape was said to be difficult because they form contrasting pairs:"There are six features that make a garden outstanding. If one tries to introduce an impression of vastness, any atmosphere of quietude and intimacy will be lost; if artificial elements are introduced, any impression of antiquity will be weakened; if a lot of flowing water is introduced, distant views are not possible."The landscape design and layout of Kenroku-en can be interpreted to demonstrate how it overcomes the challenge of these contrasting attributes, and achieves balance of all six to represent an ideal landscape. Certain areas of the garden, like those around Kasumige-ike Pond, lend themselves to a sense of openness, while other areas, such as those around Tokiwaoka Hill, create a sense of seclusion. Artificial elements of bridges, lanterns, and pagodas were designed to fit seamlessly into the surrounding natural elements of rock, plants, and water. Panoramic viewpoints within the garden overlook the Japan Sea and Iozan mountains, while simultaneously allowing views of many of the garden's water features.

Features
Kenroku-en contains roughly 8,750 trees, and 183 species of plants in total. Among the garden's points of special interest are
 * the oldest fountain in Japan, operating by natural water pressure.
 * Yūgao-tei, a teahouse, the oldest building in the garden, built 1774
 * Shigure-tei, a rest House that was originally built by the 5th lord Tsunanori, reconstructed at its present location in 2000
 * Karasaki Pine, planted from seed by the 13th lord Nariyasu from Karasaki, near Lake Biwa.
 * Kotoji-tōrō, a stone lantern with two legs, said to resemble the bridge on a koto. This lantern is emblematic of Kenroku-en and Kanazawa.
 * Flying Geese Bridge (Gankō-bashi), made of eleven red stones, laid out to resemble geese in a flying formation
 * Kaiseki Pagoda, said to have been donated to the Maeda by Toyotomi Hideyoshi

In winter, the park is notable for its yukitsuri — ropes attached in a conical array to carefully support tree branches in the desired arrangements, thereby protecting the trees from damage caused by heavy snows.

title: Kenroku-en


text:
Lubyanka

Lubyanka (Лубянка, Лубянка), rural localities in Belarus and Russia, may refer to:

 * Belarus
 * Lubyanka, Gomel Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Smarhon' District, Grodno Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Svislach District, Grodno Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Bykhaw District, Mogilev Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Klimavichy District, Mogilev Oblast, a village

 * Russia
 * Lubyanka, Kaloega Oblast, a selo
 * Lubyanka, Kursk Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Orjol Oblast, a selo
 * Lubyanka, Perm Krai, a village
 * Lubyanka, Primorsky Krai, a selo
 * Lubyanka, Mikhaylovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Miloslavsky District, Ryazan Oblast, a village
 * Lubyanka, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement
 * Lubyanka, Tula Oblast, a village

 * Also
 * Lubyanka Square, Moscow
 * Bolshaya Lubyanka Street, Moscow
 * Lubyanka Building, former KGB headquarters and prison at Lubyanka Square, Moscow
 * Lubyanka (Metro), a metro station in Moscow

 * See also
 * Lubianka (disambiguation)
 * Łubianka (disambiguation)

title: Lubyanka


text:
Australian south-east coast drainage division

The south-east coast drainage division is the very long, narrow area of southern Australia between the Great Dividing Range and the Coral and Tasman seas, and the Bass Strait. It includes the small part of south-eastern South Australia which lies to the east of the Murray-Darling Basin, and all of coastal Victoria and coastal New South Wales. While the southern, eastern, and western boundaries are clearly defined by geography, the northern boundary is arbitrarily defined as the New South Wales - Queensland border. The distinguishing feature of the drainage basin is the Great Dividing Range and the associated Australian Alps.

Major rivers
Major rivers of the division, from north to south, then east to west include the Clarence, Macleay, Hunter, Hawkesbury-Nepean, Shoalhaven, Clyde, Snowy, La Trobe, Hopkins, and Glenelg rivers.

Catchment areas
For administrative purposes, within the drainage division, the basins are generally classified into the following catchments, from north to south, then east to west:
 * Northern Rivers catchment
 * Hunter-Central Rivers catchment
 * Sydney Basin
 * Southern Rivers catchment
 * East Gippsland catchment
 * West Gippsland catchment
 * Westernport and Port Phillip catchments
 * Corangamite catchment
 * Glenelg-Hopkins catchment


text:
User:Angelo.romano

My ID
First name: Angelo Last name: Romano Born: June 19, 1982 in Mazara del Vallo, Sicily, Italy Citizenship: Italian Currently living in: Palermo, Sicily, Italy What I do now: Computer scientist (Web developer)

Known languages: Italian & Sicilian (mother tongue), English and Spanish (fluent), Dutch (intermediate level), and some basics of French, German and Catalan too Favourite football team: Palermo FC

More stuff about me
Professionally, I am a senior software developer and a computer science graduate. I enrolled at the University of Pisa in September 2000, then achieving a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science in October 2004 and a Master's Degree in Information Technology on 12 October 2007.

I lived in Pisa, Italy (yeah, the city of the leaning tower) from 2000 to 2007, and then I spent a year in Florence working as a Web developer. In November 2008, I finally left my bittersweet homeland and moved to the Netherlands. After a few months in Amsterdam, in February 2009, I moved to Groningen, where I lived until September 2011, when I moved to Berlin, Germany. I successively spent 1.5 years in Utrecht before moving to Barcelona, where I have lived from March 2016 to March 2023, after which I moved back to Sicily, in the city of Palermo.

I also had an exchange student experience in the January-May 2004 period at the University of Ottawa, located in Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, where I learned that few English I am able today to use.

I spend my free time enjoying drinks and live music alone or with friends (but now to a much lesser extent than earlier), playing and writing songs and trying to become a football coach. I also used to organize and manage football teams at the local university Sports Services (CUS Pisa) for the Intramural University Leagues with unimpressive results (at least the lads did respect me; that's what I cared about...).

Another thing I love, which is still difficult for me financially, is travelling around the world, especially unplanned trips. A short list of places which I hope to visit before I die is available here.

Music
I released several homemade demos and CDs, which can all be found and downloaded at my personal music website. I also played live concerts (solo and with band) around Europe extensively, hitting countries such as Germany, Spain, Portugal, Poland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Latvia with my original songs.

My favourite topics
Sicily, its history and its culture, Italian football (and related things, of course), Italian politics, history of rock music, the universitary world of Italy (because I think culture is the real richness) and, surely, anything else you want ;-)

Things to read
Political theories Swedish way to social democracy Canadian way to social democracy Left-wing politics of Italy Something about my island Political/social ideas I support
 * Social democracy
 * Democratic socialism
 * Christian communism
 * Eurocommunism
 * Social welfare in Sweden, Scandinavian welfare model, Olof Palme
 * Medicare, Tommy Douglas, New Democratic Party
 * Italian Communist Party
 * Enrico Berlinguer
 * Giorgio Napolitano
 * Democrats of the Left
 * Party of Italian Communists
 * Sicily, Flag of Sicily and Sicilian language
 * U.S. Città di Palermo
 * Free migration
 * Civil unions
 * Labor rights
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I also contribute occasionally on Italian Wikipedia, mainly about Sicilian, Canadian, musical and political articles, and (very) rarely on English Wiktionary, Sicilian Wiktionary, French Wikipédia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikibooks.

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es:Usuario:Angelo.romano fr:Utilisateur:Angelo.romano it:Utente:Angelo.romano nl:Gebruiker:Angelo.romano scn:User:Angelo.romano sv:Användare:Angelo.romano

title: User:Angelo.romano


text:
Ophidia

Ophidia (also known as Pan-Serpentes ) is a group of squamate reptiles including modern snakes and reptiles more closely related to snakes than to other living groups of lizards.

Ophidia was defined as the "most recent common ancestor of Pachyrhachis and Serpentes (modern snakes), and all its descendants" by Lee and Caldwell (1998: 1551).

The clade name Ophidia derives from the Ancient Greek word, meaning "small snake".

Evolution
Modern snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards during the mid-Cretaceous period, and the earliest known fossils date to around 112 Ma ago. However, the relationship between modern snake and more primitive snake ancestors, many of which retained hind limbs, is less clear. While many of these "stem-snakes" are known from Mesozoic fossils, some of them may be descendants of the earliest true snakes rather than more primitive lineages. Below is a cladogram modified from a study by Wilson et al. (2010), which found many stem-snakes of other studies to be true snakes instead.

Below is different phylogenetic overview of ophidians, following the study by Caldwell et al. 2015.

The fossil record of snakes is relatively poor because snake skeletons are typically small and fragile, making fossilization uncommon. Fossils readily identifiable as snakes (though often retaining hind limbs) first appear in the fossil record during the Cretaceous period. The earliest known snake fossils come from sites in Utah and Algeria, represented by the genera Coniophis and Lapparentophis, respectively. These fossil sites have been tentatively dated to the Albian or Cenomanian age of the late Cretaceous, between 112 and 94 Ma ago. However, an even greater age has been suggested for one of the Algerian sites, which may be as old as the Aptian, 125 to 112 Ma ago. Caldwell et al. 2015 described three genera of stem-snakes from Jurassic and considered that Parviraptor as stem-snake as well. However, later review considers that affinity of those fossils as stem-snakes are doubtful, which makes the earliest unequivocal records date around Aptian-Cenomanian.

Based on comparative anatomy, there is consensus that snakes descended from lizards. Pythons and boas—primitive groups among modern snakes—have vestigial hind limbs: tiny, clawed digits known as anal spurs, which are used to grasp during mating. The Leptotyphlopidae and Typhlopidae groups also possess remnants of the pelvic girdle, sometimes appearing as horny projections when visible.

Front limbs are nonexistent in all known snakes. This is caused by the evolution of Hox genes, controlling limb morphogenesis. The axial skeleton of the snakes' common ancestor, like most other tetrapods, had regional specializations consisting of cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvic), and caudal (tail) vertebrae. Early in snake evolution, the Hox gene expression in the axial skeleton responsible for the development of the thorax became dominant. As a result, the vertebrae anterior to the hindlimb buds (when present) all have the same thoracic-like identity (except from the atlas, axis, and 1–3 neck vertebrae). In other words, most of a snake's skeleton is an extremely extended thorax. Ribs are found exclusively on the thoracic vertebrae. Neck, lumbar and pelvic vertebrae are very reduced in number (only 2–10 lumbar and pelvic vertebrae are present), while only a short tail remains of the caudal vertebrae. However, the tail is still long enough to be of important use in many species, and is modified in some aquatic and tree-dwelling species.

Modern snakes greatly diversified during the Paleocene. This occurred alongside the adaptive radiation of mammals, following the extinction of (non-avian) dinosaurs. The colubrids, one of the more common snake groups, became particularly diverse due to preying on rodents, an especially successful mammal group.

Origins
The origin of snakes remains an unresolved issue. There are two main hypotheses competing for acceptance.

Burrowing lizard hypothesis
There is fossil evidence to suggest that snakes may have evolved from burrowing lizards, such as the varanids (or a similar group) during the Cretaceous Period. An early fossil snake, Najash rionegrina, was a two-legged burrowing animal with a sacrum, and was fully terrestrial. One extant analog of these putative ancestors is the earless monitor Lanthanotus of Borneo (though it also is semiaquatic). Subterranean species evolved bodies streamlined for burrowing, and eventually lost their limbs. According to this hypothesis, features such as the transparent, fused eyelids (brille) and loss of external ears evolved to cope with fossorial difficulties, such as scratched corneas and dirt in the ears. Some primitive snakes are known to have possessed hindlimbs, but their pelvic bones lacked a direct connection to the vertebrae. These include fossil species like Haasiophis, Pachyrhachis and Eupodophis, which are slightly older than Najash.

Aquatic lizard hypothesis
Many researchers believe that snakes share a common marine ancestry with mosasaurs, a suggestion advanced in 1869 by Edward Drinker Cope, who coined the term Pythonomorpha to unite them. The idea lay dormant for more than a century, to be revived in the 1990s. The mosasaurs were aquatic varanid lizards from the Cretaceous—which in turn are derived from Aigialosaurids. According to this hypothesis, the fused, transparent eyelids of snakes are thought to have evolved to combat marine conditions (corneal water loss through osmosis), and the external ears were lost through disuse in an aquatic environment. This ultimately led to an animal similar to today's sea snakes. In the Late Cretaceous, snakes recolonized land, and continued to diversify into today's snakes. Fossilized snake remains are known from early Late Cretaceous marine sediments, which is consistent with this hypothesis; particularly so, as they are older than the terrestrial Najash rionegrina. Similar skull structure, reduced or absent limbs, and other anatomical features found in both mosasaurs and snakes led to a positive cladistical correlation, and some of these features are shared with varanids.

The cladogram below, based on Palci and Caldwell (2010), suggests that snakes are more closely related to Dolichosaurids than mosasaurs proper. placing the Dolichosauridae as a sister group to modern snakes and their closest ancestors.

title: Ophidia


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Solid fuel

Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid material that can be burnt to release energy, providing heat and light through the process of combustion. Solid fuels can be contrasted with liquid fuels and gaseous fuels. Common examples of solid fuels include wood, charcoal, peat, coal, hexamine fuel tablets, dry dung, wood pellets, corn, wheat, rice, rye, and other grains. Solid fuels are extensively used in rocketry as solid propellants. Solid fuels have been used throughout human history to create fire and solid fuel is still in widespread use throughout the world in the present day.

Solid fuel from biomass is regarded as a renewable energy source which can contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Solid fuel from fossil fuels (i.e. coal) is not a renewable energy.

Biomass
Biomass that is used for energy production can be processed into solid fuels but also into liquid or gaseous fuels. In comparison, the term biofuel is nowadays mainly (but not exclusively) used for liquid or gaseous fuels, used for transportation.

Pellet fuels are made from compressed organic matter or biomass. Pellets can be made from any one of five general categories of biomass: industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and untreated lumber. Wood pellets are the most common type of pellet fuel.

Wood
Wood fuel can refer to several fuels such as firewood, charcoal, wood chips sheets, pellets, and sawdust. The particular form used depends upon factors such as source, quantity, quality and application. In many areas, wood is the most easily available form of fuel, requiring no tools in the case of picking up dead wood, or few tools. Today, burning of wood is the largest use of energy derived from a solid fuel biomass. Wood fuel can be used for cooking and heating, and occasionally for fueling steam engines and steam turbines that generate electricity. Wood may be used indoors in a furnace, stove, or fireplace, or outdoors in a furnace, campfire, or bonfire. As with any fire, burning wood fuel creates numerous by-products, some of which may be useful (heat and steam), and others that are undesirable, irritating or dangerous.

When harvested in a sustainable fashion wood is usually considered to be a renewable solid fuel (renewable energy).

There is debate as to whether burning wood can be considered carbon neutral, as technically the wood cannot release more carbon than was sequestered during its growth, although this does not take account of other impacts such as deforestation and rotting has on the carbon footprint.

Peat
Peat fuel is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that can be burnt once sufficiently dried. It is used widely in the country districts of Ireland and Scotland where alternatives are absent or expensive. It has a relatively low calorific value, even after essential drying.

Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. Throughout history, coal has been used as an energy resource, primarily burned for the production of electricity and heat, and is also used for industrial purposes, such as refining metals. Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide, as well as one of the largest worldwide The extraction of coal, its use in energy production and its byproducts are all associated with environmental and health effects. Variations such as smokeless coal can be formed naturally in the form of anthracite, a metamorphosed type of coal with a very high carbon content that gives off a smokeless flame when set alight. It is an important type of smokeless fuel.

Coke
Coke is a fuel with few impurities and a high carbon content, usually made from coal. It is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes made from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made. The form known as petroleum coke, or pet coke, is derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes.

Smokeless fuel
Solid fuels which produce little smoke or volatiles are made from powdered anthracite coal and supplied in the form of briquettes usually for domestic use either in stoves or open fireplaces. The fuel is replacing coal as a fuel for open fires because of the reduction in particulate emissions and its increased efficiency. Smokeless fuel burns at a higher temperature and more slowly than a coal fire. The term also includes charcoal, made by restricted combustion of dry wood and widely used at open air barbecues to cook food on an open fire.

Rocket propellant
Solid rocket propellant consists of a solid oxidizer (such as ammonium nitrate) bound with flakes or powders of energy compounds (such as RDX) plus binders, plasticizers, stabilizers, and other additives. Solid propellant is much easier to store and handle than liquid propellant. It also has a higher energy density so it does not require as large of a space for the same amount of stored energy.

Calorific value
The heat available from each type of fuel is variable, and depends on the carbon and hydrogen content, as well as non-combustible or ash and water content. One measure of the heat produced by burning is the heat of combustion, an exact measure usually determined using bomb calorimetry and demanding complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water.

Gaseous fuels like methane have higher values than solid fuels like coal. Peat exhibits the lowest value of all common fuels. Thus methane has an HHV (Higher heating value) of 55.50 MJ/kg, the highest value of common fuels.

Diesel fuel has an HHV value of 44.80 MJ/kg and anthracite coal a value of 32.50 MJ/kg. Moisture and ash-free firewood has a lower value of 21.70 MJ/kg while dry peat has the lowest value of all common fuels of about 15.00 MJ/kg.

These are somewhat ideal values and the actual heat realized by any fuel will depend on the fireplace or combustion chamber used and its design for example. However they do give a useful guide to the heat available from any fuel. Dry wood has roughly two thirds the calorific value of coal so a greater weight is needed to make the same amount of heat.

Cost and transport
Solid fuels, compared to liquid fuels or gaseous fuels, are often cheaper, easier to extract, more stable to transport and in many places are more readily available.

Coal, in particular, is utilized in the generation of 38% of the world's electricity because it is less expensive than its liquid and gas counterparts.

Damage to health and the environment
Solid fuels require more destructive methods to extract/burn and often have higher carbon, nitrate and sulphate emissions. With the exception of sustainable wood/biomass solid fuel is normally considered non-renewable as it requires thousands of years to form.

Solid fuels are composed of organic materials and can contribute to poor air quality. The burning of solid fuels releases more organic aerosol than liquefied petroleum gas and releases many volatile organic compounds, which can contribute to poor air quality through the formation of secondary pollutants such as ground level ozone and secondary organic aerosol. The emissions from solid fuels are major drivers of poor air quality in regions where solid fuels are a dominant fuel source.

title: Solid fuel


text:
USS Georgia (SSGN-729)

USS Georgia (SSBN-729/SSGN-729), an Ohio-class submarine, is the second vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the U.S. state of Georgia.

Construction and commissioning
The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut on 20 February 1976 and her keel was laid down on 7 April 1979. She was launched on 6 November 1982 sponsored by Mrs. Sheila M. Watkins, and commissioned as a fleet ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) on 11 February 1984, with Captain A. W. Kuester commanding the Blue crew and Captain M. P. Gray commanding the Gold crew. This boat was later converted to a guided missile submarine (SSGN) for carrying guided cruise missiles instead of fleet ballistic missiles in its missile compartment.

Operational history as SSBN
From March to April 1984 she went on her shakedown cruise and test-launched a Trident C-4 missile in the Eastern Test Range on 7 April 1986. In November 1984, she arrived in her home port of Bangor, Washington. In January 1985 she started her first strategic deterrence patrol. As an element of Task Unit 14.7.1 from September 1983 to May 1986, she was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation. She was awarded her second Meritorious Unit Commendation for Submarine Operations between February 1986 to August 1986.

On 22 March 1986, three miles south of Midway Island, harbor tug USS Secota (YTM-415) had just completed a personnel transfer from Georgia, picking up a submarine crewman who was going on emergency leave, when Secota lost power and got hung up on Georgia's starboard stern plane while the sub's propeller continued to turn. That sank Secota within two minutes. Ten people were rescued, including the Georgia crewman who had just transferred to Secota. Two Secota crewmen trapped in her engine room were lost. While Lt. Cmdr. John Carman, a Navy spokesman for the U.S. Pacific Fleet, told the media that the Georgia was undamaged, a report sent by the Commanding Officer of the Georgia indicates that after returning the surviving Secota crew members to Hawaii, Georgia underwent emergency repairs for minor damage sustained in the collision.

Her Gold crew was awarded the Comsubron Seventeen Battle Efficiency Award for 2001.

On 30 October 2003, Georgia returned from her 65th and last deterrent patrol.

On 7 November 2003, while Georgia was docked at Bangor, Washington, her C-4 Trident I missiles were offloaded. The process proceeded smoothly until tube number 16. When each tube was opened, a ladder was lowered into the tube so a sailor could climb down and attach a hoist to lift the missile. After attaching the hoist to the missile in tube 16, the sailor climbed out, and the crew took a break without removing the ladder. When they returned, they began to hoist the missile, pulling against the ladder and cutting a 9 in hole in its nose cone. No radioactive material was released.

Three enlisted men in the missile handling team faced a court-martial. The Strategic Weapons Facility Pacific was immediately shut down and inspected by the Navy, and failed to pass. SWFPAC's commanding officer, Captain Keith Lyles, was relieved of command on 19 December 2003, followed by his executive officer, Commander Phillip Jackson, weapons officer, Commander Marshall Millett, and Master Chief Petty Officer of the Command Steven Perry. SWFPAC reopened after passing inspection under a new commanding officer on 9 January 2004. Georgia's crew was unaffected.

Conversion to SSGN
Georgia was redesignated to SSGN on 1 March 2004. In October 2004 she participated as the command node of Exercise Silent Hammer to validate and showcase the new Joint Warfare and ISR capabilities.

In March 2005, Georgia entered Norfolk Naval Shipyard for her scheduled Engineered Refueling Overhaul. The SSGN conversion took place concurrently. The conversion and refitting work was completed in February 2008. After the refit, Georgia moved to her new home port in Kings Bay, Georgia.

Operational history as SSGN
Georgia was officially welcomed home in Kings Bay, Georgia, on 28 March 2008 in a return to service ceremony attended by Governor Sonny Perdue. In August 2009, Georgia began first SSGN deployment. In January 2010, Georgia earned a Squadron Sixteen battle efficiency "E" for 2009 together with an Engineering Red "E", Navigation Red and Green "N".

In December 2010 a bolt was left in the submarine's reduction gears. It caused $2.2 million in damage and forced the boat into three months of repairs. One officer and several enlisted sailors were disciplined over the event.

On 25 November 2015, Georgia struck a channel buoy and subsequently grounded whilst entering the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base. The boat was placed into drydock for inspection and repairs which cost about $1 million. The navy stated that the damage was limited to the exterior of the sub and the hull was not compromised. The commanding officer of the Blue crew at the time of the accident - Captain David Adams - was relieved of duty on 4 January 2016 by Rear Adm. Randy Crites.

The Spanish Foreign Ministry lodged an official protest when Georgia docked at Gibraltar in April 2022.

In fiction and documentary

 * Georgia is featured prominently in the 2012 naval thriller Fire of the Raging Dragon by Don Brown.
 * The Discovery Channel documentary Submarines: Sharks of Steel (1993) features Georgia and her crew.
 * Georgia is featured in the 2020 medical thriller The End of October by Lawrence Wright.

"Georgia" is in the movie "Independence Day".

title: USS Georgia (SSGN-729)


text:
Video editor

A video editor is someone involved in video production and the post-production of film making. Video editor's responsibilities involve decisions about the selection and combining of shots into sequences, as well as the addition of accompanying sound effects and music—to ultimately create a finished movie, television program, commercial, promo, or snipe. Video editors usually use non-linear editing software to accomplish the task of editing. A video editor is a technically inclined individual that makes creative video editing decisions.

A video editor can also refer to a computer device controller that controls video machines to mechanically put pieces of a film together using a 9-Pin Protocol. This is also referred to as machine to machine or linear.

A video editor is also used to refer to an application which can help users to combine different images or video parts and enhance their quality by applying effects and templates.

title: Video editor


text:
Nacht und Träume

Nacht und Träume (Night and Dreams) is a lied for voice and piano by Franz Schubert, from a text by Matthäus von Collin, and published in 1825. In Otto Erich Deutsch's catalogue of Schubert's works, it is D. 827.

The song, a meditation on night and dreams, is marked "Sehr langsam" (very slowly) and is in the key of B major (with a modulation to the flattened submediant, G major, in the middle). There is a single dynamic indication, "pianissimo" (very quietly), which does not change throughout the song. The piano plays broken chords in semiquavers for the song's duration in a manner similar to bar five (the bar in which the voice enters), for example:

 * [[File:Nacht und traume bar 5.png]]

A typical performance will last around three to four minutes.

A version in the Spaun family collection has the different tempo marking "Langsam, Sempre legato" (Slow, Always legato).

The original publication erroneously attributed the text to Friedrich Schiller.

"Nacht und Träume" is one of several Schubert songs that Max Reger arranged for voice and orchestra. The last seven bars of the original version feature in Samuel Beckett's television play of the same name (see Nacht und Träume (play)).

Song text
Heil’ge Nacht, du sinkest nieder;

Nieder wallen auch die Träume

Wie dein Mondlicht durch die Räume,

Durch der Menschen stille Brust.

Die belauschen sie mit Lust;

Rufen, wenn der Tag erwacht:

Kehre wieder, heil’ge Nacht!

Holde Träume, kehret wieder!

title: Nacht und Träume


text:
Steve Rodby

Steve Rodby (born December 9, 1954, in Joliet, Illinois) is an American jazz bassist and producer known for his time with the Pat Metheny Group.

Biography
Rodby was born in Joliet, Illinois, into a musical family. His father was a music teacher who bought him an acoustic bass, electric bass, and amp when he was 12. He heard classical music from a young age and was educated in classical until high school when he learned jazz. During high school summers, he went to jazz camps, where he met Pat Metheny, Lyle Mays, and Danny Gottlieb, three of the four members of The Pat Metheny Group.

Rodby played acoustic bass until he graduated from Northwestern University in 1977, when he taught himself how to play electric. He performed in the house band at the Jazz Showcase in Chicago, with local and visiting musicians such as Milt Jackson, Joe Henderson, and Art Farmer. He joined the Pat Metheny Group in 1981, starting on electric bass before spending most of his time on acoustic. He spent the next thirty years at Metheny's side, touring, recording, and producing, in Group projects and in Metheny's other projects. With Metheny he earned multiple Grammy awards and nominations, and admiration from critics, magazines, and reader polls.

Rodby collaborated with Fred Simon and Paul McCandless on two albums: Since Forever and Remember the River. In 2011 he collaborated with Paul Wertico, a former drummer for the Metheny Group, and with Israeli musicians Danny Markovitch and Dani Rabin on Marbin's album Breaking the Cycle.

Since 2018, Rodby has held a position as artist of residence in the faculty of Jazz Studies at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Discography
With Ross Traut
 * Great Lawn (Columbia, 1987)
 * The Duo Life (Columbia, 1991)

As sideman
With Pat Metheny Group With Pat Metheny With Simon & Bard Group With Michael Brecker With Eliane Elias
 * Offramp (ECM, 1982) – bassist
 * Travels (ECM, 1983) – bassist
 * First Circle (ECM, 1984) – bassist
 * The Falcon and the Snowman (EMI, 1985) – bassist, conductor
 * Still Life (Talking) (Geffen Records, 1987) – bassist, co-producer
 * Letter from Home (Geffen Records, 1989) – bassist, co-producer
 * The Road to You (Geffen Records, 1993) – bassist, co-producer
 * We Live Here (Geffen Records, 1995) – bassist, co-producer
 * Quartet (Geffen Records, 1996) – bassist, co-producer
 * Imaginary Day (Warner Bros, 1997) – bassist, co-producer
 * Speaking of Now (Warner Bros, 2002) – bassist, co-producer
 * The Way Up (Nonesuch, 2005) – bassist, co-producer
 * Secret Story (Geffen Records, 1992) – bassist, co-producer
 * A Map of the World (Warner Bros, 1999) – bassist, co-producer
 * Trio 99 → 00 (Warner Bros, 2000) – co-producer
 * Trio → Live (Warner Bros, 2000) – co-producer
 * Day Trip (Nonesuch, 2008) – co-producer
 * Tokyo Day Trip (Nonesuch, 2008) – co-producer
 * Orchestrion (Nonesuch, 2010) – co-producer
 * Unity Band (Nonesuch, 2012) – co-producer
 * The Orchestrion Project (Nonesuch, 2013) – co-producer
 * KIN (←→) (Nonesuch, 2014) – co-producer
 * The Unity Sessions (Nonesuch, 2016) – co-producer
 * From This Place (Nonesuch, 2020) − co-producer
 * Musaic (Flying Fish, 1980) – bassist
 * Tear It Up (Flying Fish, 1982) – bassist
 * The Enormous Radio (Flying Fish, 1984) – bassist
 * Nearness of You: The Ballad Book (Verve Records, 2001) – co-producer
 * Pilgrimage (Heads Up, 2007) – co-producer
 * Dreamer (Bluebird, 2004) – co-producer
 * Something for You: Eliane Elias Sings & Plays Bill Evans (Blue Note, 2007) – co-producer
 * Bossa Nova Stories (Blue Note, 2009) – co-producer
 * Light My Fire (Concord Picante, 2011) – co-producer
 * I Thought About You (Concord Jazz, 2013) – co-producer
 * Made In Brazil (Concord Jazz, 2015) – co-producer, recorded
 * Dance of Time (Concord Jazz, 2017) – co-producer
 * Love Stories (Concord Jazz, 2019) – co-producer
 * Mirror Mirror (Candid, 2021) – co-producer
 * Quietude (Candid, 2022) – co-producer

With Lyle Mays With Pat Coil With Fred Simon With Steve Cole With Paul McCandless With others
 * Street Dreams (Geffen Records, 1988) – bassist, co-producer, conductor
 * Fictionary (Geffen Records, 1993) – co-producer
 * Solo (Improvisations For Expanded Piano) (Geffen Records, 2000) – co-producer
 * Eberhard (KMG Distribution, 2021) – bassist, co-producer
 * Schemes And Dreams (Sheffield Lab, 1994) – bassist, co-producer
 * Gold (Sheffield Lab, 1996) – bassist
 * Usually/Always (Windham Hill Records, 1988) – bassist, producer, editing
 * Open Book (Columbia, 1991) – bassist, co-producer
 * Remember the River by (Naim, 2004) – bassist
 * Since Forever (Naim, 2009) – bassist, producer, editing
 * Spin (Narada Jazz, 2005) – bassist
 * True (Narada Jazz, 2005) – bassist
 * Heresay (Windham Hill Records, 1988) – bassist
 * Premonition (Windham Hill Records, 1992) – bassist, producer
 * Navigator (Landslide Records, 1994) – bassist
 * Madelaine, Who Is She... (United Artists Records, 1978) – bassist
 * John Prine, Bruised Orange (Asylum Records, 1978) – bassist
 * Jimmy Raney, For You To Play . . . Ten Favorite Jazz Standards, Volume 20 (JA Records, 1979) – bassist
 * Jamey Aebersold, Gettin' It Together (JA Records, 1979) – bassist
 * Ramsey Lewis, Ramsey (Columbia, 1979) – bassist
 * Tyrone Davis, I Just Can't Keep On Going (Columbia, 1980) – bassist
 * Ross Traut, Ross Traut (Headfirst, 1981) – bassist
 * Chuck Mangione, Save Tonight For Me (Columbia, 1986) – bassist
 * Tom Paxton, And Loving You (Flying Fish, 1986) – bassist
 * Fareed Haque, Voices Rising (PAND, 1988) – bassist
 * Toninho Horta, Moonstone (Verve/Forecast, 1989) – bassist
 * Montreux, Let Them Say (Windham Hill Records, 1989) – mixing, producer
 * Michael Manring, Drastic Measures (Windham Hill Records, 1991) – bassist, producer
 * Noa, Noa (Geffen Records, 1994) – bassist, co-producer
 * Clifford Carter, Walkin' Into The Sun (Soul Coast, 1994) – bassist
 * Kim Pensyl, Quiet Cafe (Fahrenheit Records, 1998) – bassist
 * Jim Hall & Pat Metheny, (Telarc, 1999) – co-producer
 * Oregon, Oregon in Moscow (Intuition, 2000) – producer
 * Brian Culbertson, Come On Up (Warner Bros. Records, 2003) – bassist
 * Simon Apple, River To The Sea (Trunk Records, 2004) – bassist
 * Lisa Lauren, Loves The Beatles (Planet Jazz Records, 2006) – bassist
 * Charlie Haden, Rambling Boy (Universal, 2008) – co-producer
 * Esperanza Spalding, Radio Music Society (Heads Up, 2012) – mix preparation
 * Ryan Cohan, The River (Motéma Music, 2013) – producer
 * Marbin, Last Chapter Of Dreaming (Moonjune Records, 2013) – bassist
 * The Impossible Gentlemen, Internationally Recognized Aliens (Basho, 2013) – bassist, producer
 * Tyrone Davis, Love And Touch (Solid Records, 2015) – strings
 * John Moulder, Earthborn Tales Of Soul And Spirit (Origin Records, 2016) – bassist

Grammy Awards
With Pat Metheny Group:
 * Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal or Instrumental – Offramp
 * Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal or Instrumental – Travels
 * Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal or Instrumental – First Circle
 * Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal or Instrumental – Still Life (Talking)
 * Best Jazz Fusion Performance – Letter From Home
 * Best Contemporary Jazz Performance Instrumental – The Road to You
 * Best Contemporary Jazz Performance Instrumental – We Live Here
 * Best Contemporary Jazz Performance – Imaginary Day
 * Best Rock Instrumental Performance – "The Roots of Coincidence"
 * Best Contemporary Jazz Album – Speaking of Now
 * Best Contemporary Jazz Album – The Way Up

title: Steve Rodby