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Louisville Male High School

Louisville Male Traditional High School is a public co-ed secondary school serving students in grades 9 through 12 in the southside of Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It is part of the Jefferson County Public School District.

Ninth and Chestnut (1856–1897)
Male was founded in 1856, being the oldest high school west of the Allegheny Mountains. In 1861, Male was designated The University of Public Schools of Louisville and awarded bachelor's degrees until 1921, after other high schools were established in the years following. the school was named Louisville Male High School due to a separate Louisville Girls High School. The "H" was kept as the school's letter due to being the original high school.

Corner of Brook Street and Breckinridge Street (1915–1991)
In the years after World War I, Male's academic offerings included a corps of cadets and a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps. From 1921 to 1932, these programs were led by Brigadier General James R. Lindsay.

In the 1970s, Male was chosen as the Traditional High School, becoming the first magnet program in the school district. In 1976, an early-morning bomb explosion on Labor Day caused damage to the school's gymnasium; it occurred during several days of anti-busing protests in the Louisville area. The FBI was called in to investigate.

This location (38.2404°N, -85.7523°W) is now owned by the Salvation Army and is a historic landmark in Louisville.

Durrett Campus (1991–present)
In August 1991, Male moved to its current campus at 4409 Preston Highway, an educational facility that doubled the instructional, laboratory, library and campus space. Since it has moved to this location, the school has won two U.S. Department of Education Blue Ribbon awards. The site was previously Sallie P. Durrett High School, which became the Durrett Education Center in the early 1980s and was used by Jefferson County Public Schools Library Media Services until 1991. The adjoining Gheens Academy, which opened in 1983, was previously Prestonia Elementary School.

Gheens Academy
Gheens Academy opened in 1983 after having previously been Prestonia Elementary School. Gheens is a separate building from male and functions as a place for other classrooms. Classes in Gheens are generally more oriented towards elective activities and other arts. Gheen academy was temporarily home to the W.E.B. DuBois Academy.

Academics
The school runs a unique curriculum that is different from the other public high schools in the city. All students participate in the College Preparatory Program so as to aid in a smooth the transition to higher education.

Students have an opportunity to graduate with a Commonwealth Diploma, which demands more than the required units for graduating high school in JCPS. One of the stipulations is the successful completion (i.e., receiving a grade of "C" or its equivalent) in 6 AP courses in the areas of English, science/mathematics, foreign language, and elective.

Athletics
On Saturday, November 18, 1893, the annual Male-Manual football rivalry, the longest running, continuously played, high school football series in Kentucky, began. Their football team is a perennial state power, and in addition to its long-running rivalry with duPont Manual High School, Male is also a close rival with St. Xavier High School, with the annual contest usually determining the fate of the district champion; however, due to the state's realignment of high school football into a six-class system starting in 2007–08, Male also has a rivalry with Trinity High School in football. The school offers football, basketball, baseball, softball, bowling, tennis, soccer, field hockey, wrestling, swimming, track and field, lacrosse, and Marching Band.

Venues
Maxwell Field, formerly called High School Park, is the football stadium located behind Male's former location at the Brook and Breck campus.

Veterans Memorial Stadium is the current football stadium, located behind the Durrett campus. It is named in memory of the schools alumni who have died in World War II.

Edwards Field is the current baseball field for the school, named after Bill Edwards. The Field is also home to the W. Clyde Glass Press Box.

Notable alumni

 * General James R. Allen – Commander-in-Chief of the Military Airlift Command
 * Chris Barclay – professional football player
 * Ralph Beard – professional basketball player
 * Winston Bennett – professional basketball player
 * Porter Bibb – the first publisher of Rolling Stone
 * Emery Bopp – artist
 * Louis Brandeis – the first Jewish Supreme Court justice
 * Michael Bush – professional football player
 * Valarie Coleman – professional flutist and composer
 * Tony Driver – professional football player for Notre Dame and the Buffalo Bills
 * Marcus Green – professional football player
 * Sean Green – professional baseball pitcher
 * Darrell Griffith – professional basketball player
 * D.J. Johnson – professional football player
 * Kenny Kuhn – professional baseball player
 * Warren Oates – film actor
 * Chris Redman – professional football player
 * Sarah Stalker – politician
 * Hunter S. Thompson – journalist and author of ''Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas'

title: Louisville Male High School


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The Hobbit (1977 film)

The Hobbit is a 1977 American animated musical television special created by Rankin/Bass and animated by Topcraft. The film is an adaptation of the 1937 book of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien; it was first broadcast on NBC in the United States on Sunday, November 27, 1977. The teleplay won a Peabody Award; the film received a Christopher Award.

The New York Times found the film "curiously eclectic", but felt that whatever its failings, it warranted attention. The Tolkien scholar Douglas A. Anderson called the adaptation "execrable"; the author Baird Searles called it an "abomination" and an attempt that had "failed miserably", regretting the quality of the animation and of the soundtrack, and the omission of key plot points.

Plot
A Hobbit named Bilbo Baggins lives in his hobbit-hole. The wizard Gandalf informs him he is looking for someone to share an adventure, and introduces thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield. They invite themselves in, eat dinner, and play music. The magic in the music makes Bilbo suddenly long for adventure.

Thorin explains Bilbo is to be a lucky number fourteen for them, and tells how his dwarves were driven out of the Lonely Mountain by the dragon Smaug, who stole their treasure. Gandalf accepts the mission before the Hobbit can speak.

The company discovers a camp of three trolls, who capture all but Gandalf and Bilbo. Bilbo hides while Gandalf uses his magic to bring the sunrise, which turns the trolls to stone. In the troll's cave, Bilbo discovers some stolen treasure, which the dwarves claim. They find two swords, and a dagger for Bilbo. Gandalf shows Thorin a map of the Lonely Mountain and a key, given to him by Thorin's father. The map shows a secret passage.

Travelling through the Misty Mountains, all but Gandalf are captured by goblins. Gandalf kills the Great Goblin, and the dwarves escape. Bilbo loses the group; he finds an underground lake, where he discovers a ring, and meets the monster Gollum, who hunts him. Bilbo, discovering the ring grants invisibility, follows Gollum to the door, and escapes.

The goblins, riding Wargs, pursue the company into a pine forest, setting it ablaze. The Lord of the Eagles rescues the company, and carries them to Mirkwood; Gandalf leaves. Bilbo and the dwarves are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo puts on his ring and drives off the spiders with his dagger. The dwarves are apprehended by the wood elves. Bilbo escapes using his ring. After weeks of searching, Bilbo pilfers a sleeping guard's keys, and floats the dwarves in barrels down the river into Laketown.

The people of Laketown nurse the company back to health. The fourteen reach the Lonely Mountain, and follow the map's instructions to enter. Bilbo goes in first, and meets Smaug, using the ring to hide. He and Smaug converse; the dragon assumes Bilbo must be a Laketowner. Bilbo discovers a patch of skin on Smaug not covered by protective scales. When Smaug attacks him for stealing, he escapes, mocking the dragon. In a rage, Smaug flies off to take revenge on Laketown. Bilbo sends a thrush to tell Bard about the bare patch, and Bard shoots Smaug with his family's black arrow. Smaug destroys Laketown in his death throes.

The Dwarves reclaim their treasure, only to find that the Lakemen and the Elves have arrived, wanting recompense for Smaug's many damages over the years. Thorin refuses to share, and declares war. Bilbo rebukes him, as they are outnumbered; Thorin is angered. Thorin's cousin, Dain, brings more dwarves. Gandalf arrives, warning that the Goblins are coming. Men, elves, and dwarves unite, and Bilbo uses his ring to hide as battle rages. The Eagles join the fight.

Bilbo finds a wounded Bombur who informs him that the battle has been won. Only seven of the thirteen dwarves are left. Bilbo is led by Gandalf to the dying Thorin, who forgives him. Bilbo accepts two small chests of gold and his dagger as payment. Gandalf escorts him home. Gandalf warns him that the adventure is only just beginning, thanks to the ring he has found.

Voice cast
The voice actors for the characters were:

 * Orson Bean – Bilbo Baggins
 * Richard Boone – Smaug
 * Hans Conried – Thorin Oakenshield
 * John Huston – Gandalf / Narrator
 * Otto Preminger – The Elvenking
 * Cyril Ritchard – Elrond
 * Brother Theodore – Gollum
 * Paul Frees – Bombur, Troll #1
 * Jack DeLeon – Dwalin, Fíli, Kíli, Óin, Glóin, Ori, Nori, Bifur, Bofur, Troll #2
 * Don Messick – Balin, Goblin, Lord of the Eagles, Troll #3
 * John Stephenson – Dori, Bard, Great Goblin
 * Glenn Yarbrough – The Balladeer
 * Thurl Ravenscroft – Goblin (singing voice), Background voice

Production
The film was produced and directed by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass of Rankin/Bass Productions in New York City. It was adapted for the screen by Romeo Muller; Rankin took on the additional duties of production designer. When interviewed for the film, Rankin declared that he would add nothing to the story that wasn't in the original. The New York Times reported that The Hobbit cost $3 million to produce. In a 2003 interview, Rankin stated, "I love the Tolkien work". He explained that he was able to make the film because The Hobbit was still in the public domain at the time, despite claims to the contrary from the copyright holders.

The story's protagonist, Bilbo Baggins, is voiced by Orson Bean, backed up by Hollywood director and actor John Huston as the voice of Gandalf. In supporting roles, the comedian and performance artist Brother Theodore voiced Gollum, and Thurl Ravenscroft performed the baritone singing voices of the goblins. The gravelly voice of the dragon Smaug was provided by Richard Boone, with Hans Conried as Thorin Oakenshield. The film was the final Rankin/Bass project to star the Australian actor Cyril Ritchard, here playing the voice of Elrond.

The Hobbit was animated by Topcraft in Tokyo, a now-defunct Japanese animation studio whose animation team re-formed as Studio Ghibli under Hayao Miyazaki; some of the animators went on to establish Pacific Animation Corporation. According to Rankin, the visual style of the film took its cue from the early illustrations of Arthur Rackham.

While Topcraft produced the animation overseas, the concept artwork was completed at the Rankin/Bass studio under Rankin's direction. Rhode Island artist Lester Abrams did the initial designs for most of the characters; Rankin had seen Abrams' illustrations to an excerpt from The Hobbit in Children's Digest. Principal artists included coordinating animator Toru Hara; supervising animator/character designer Tsuguyuki Kubo; character and effects animators Hidetoshi Kaneko and Kazuko Ito; and background designer Minoru Nishida. The same studio and crew members worked on The Return of the King.

Harry N. Abrams published a large, illustrated coffee table edition of the book featuring concept art and stills. Jules Bass adapted Tolkien's original lyrics for the film's musical interludes, drawn primarily from the songs in the book. He assisted Maury Laws, Rankin/Bass's composer and conductor-in-residence in the composition of an original theme song, "The Greatest Adventure (The Ballad of the Hobbit)", sung by Glenn Yarbrough: it was the film's sole original song. The folk ballad came to be associated with Yarbrough, who reprised it in the soundtrack to The Return of the King.

Critical reception
In 1978, Romeo Muller won a Peabody Award for his teleplay for The Hobbit. The film won a Christopher Award. It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, but lost to Star Wars.

A few days before its first airing, John J. O'Connor wrote in The New York Times that "Rankin and Bass Productions have now carefully translated The Hobbit into film. The result is curiously eclectic, but filled with nicely effective moments... The drawings frequently suggest strong resemblances to non-Tolkien characters... The goblins could have stepped out of a Maurice Sendak book. But... the Dragon and Gollum the riddle aficionado bring some clever original touches... Whatever its flaws, this television version of The Hobbit warrants attention."

Criticism primarily focused on adaptation issues, including the unfamiliar style of artwork used by the Japanese-American co-production team. Some Tolkien fans questioned the appropriateness of repackaging the material as a family film for a very young audience. The scholar Douglas A. Anderson called the adaptation "execrable" in the introduction to his book The Annotated Hobbit, although he did not elaborate; and a few critics said it was confusing for those not already familiar with the plot. The science fiction author Baird Searles criticized the adaptation, calling it an "abomination" and an attempt that had "failed miserably". He singled out the quality of animation, the omission of key plot points such as Beorn and the Arkenstone, and the soundtrack.

IGN gave the film 7 out of 10, recommending it to fans of the novel.

Release
Before The Hobbit aired on NBC, Rankin/Bass and its partner animation houses began preparing a sequel. Meanwhile, United Artists released J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings in 1978, an animated adaptation directed by Ralph Bakshi, originally intended as the first part in a two-part film. United Artists's sequel would soon be cancelled after a disagreement with Bakshi. The Hobbit first aired as an animated television special in 1977.

Disney released The Hobbit on LP with the soundtrack and dialogue from the film in 1977 through its Buena Vista Records label. An edited version, along with accompanying "storyteller read-alongs", was later issued for the Mouse Factory's Disneyland Records imprint.

The Hobbit was released by ABC Video Enterprises in the early 1980s on Betamax and VHS by Sony, and CED by RCA. Warner Home Video released the film on VHS in 1991, again in 1996 (as part of the Warner Bros. Classic Tales VHS line), and on DVD in 2001 (through Warner Bros. Family Entertainment), but missing some of the sound effects. Parade Video released the film on DVD and VHS in 2004.

The film was released on DVD by Warner Bros. as part of a DVD trilogy boxed set, which includes Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings and the Rankin/Bass production of The Return of the King. A remastered deluxe edition DVD was released in 2014.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Hobbit (1977 film)


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Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, while the Politburo was charged with the policy-making aspects of the party. The Secretariat was a component agency of the party's Central Committee.

Overview
The members of the Secretariat were elected by the Communist Party's Central Committee, although in all but the first years of its existence the elections were a formality since decisions were made by the senior leadership before the voting. The General Secretary of the CPSU, who was also a Politburo member, was the leader of the Secretariat and of the Party. Dual membership in the Secretariat and the Politburo was in practice reserved for two or three very senior members of the Soviet leadership, and in the post-Stalin era (after March 1953) was a stepping-stone to ultimate power. The last five Soviet leaders (Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko and Mikhail Gorbachev) were all senior Secretaries before becoming First or General Secretaries. Additionally, Georgy Malenkov was briefly the leader of the Party for around a week after Stalin's death by virtue of being the top member of the Secretariat.

The Central Committee established the Secretariat on 6 August 1917; it initially comprised Felix Dzerzhinsky, Matvei Muranov and Yakov Sverdlov as full members and Adolph Joffe and Elena Stasova as candidate members (or alternates). Following the October Revolution of November 1917, Sverdlov and Stasova in effect handled the work of the Secretariat as the other members of the body assumed other duties. At the time, the Secretariat was responsible for technical issues such as coordination of the activities of regional Party organizations and handling routine administrative affairs of the Party. Its staff increased from just 30 in 1919 to 600 in 1921 and to 767 by 1925.

By 1922, the body had transformed from a technical committee to become one of the most important components of the Party, and from that point on it was responsible for day-to-day operations of the Communist Party. Also in 1922, the position of General Secretary was created, the General Secretary became the head of the Secretariat and, in the years following Lenin's death in 1924, became the most important figure in the Party and in the Soviet Union.


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Bobby Baccalieri

Robert Baccalieri Jr., portrayed by Steve Schirripa, is a fictional character on the HBO series The Sopranos. He is nicknamed "Bobby Bacala". A third-generation gangster, Bobby is first shown as a soldier and then later top aide to Corrado "Junior" Soprano. Throughout the series, he rises through the ranks of the organized crime organization, becoming a captain, as well as Tony Soprano's brother-in-law.

Family background
Bobby Sr. fathered Bobby Jr. at 31 or 32 years old. In the episode "Soprano Home Movies", Bobby states his grandfather had fled Italy to the United States due to political conflict during the Fascist regime, illegally entering through Montreal. In "For All Debts Public and Private", Bobby mentions that in 2002 his mother is 69 and that following the September 11 attacks her mental health has gone downhill. It is implied that his parents are separated or divorced.

Bobby was the son of Bobby Baccalieri Sr., a highly respected mobster (whom Tony referred to as "a real terminator"), who fronted as a barber. Bobby's father appeared in "Another Toothpick" played by Burt Young, suffering from lung cancer, who returned from retirement when Tony gave him the order to murder Salvatore "Mustang Sally" Intile, Bobby Sr.'s godson, in Staten Island. The hit was ordered as retribution for the savage unprovoked beating of Bryan Spatafore, brother of Vito Spatafore.

Bobby Sr. died after losing control of his car and crashing into a signpost while leaving the scene of the Mustang Sally hit, which Bobby found very distressing. Before joining Junior Soprano's crew Bobby was a head waiter until at least 1986 and was trained by his father, Bobby Sr.

Biography
In "Soprano Home Movies," when discussing Bobby Baccalieri after the fight, Tony Soprano thought he was 42 or 43, making him born in 1964 or 1965. Bobby, unlike many of his fellow wiseguys, was big-hearted and quite shy. He ran Junior Soprano's old loan shark business. Although not officially a captain until much later, Bobby was a high-ranking soldier who ran Junior Soprano's old crew and reported directly to Junior, and later to Tony. Before his death, it was thought he was preparing for the job of boss if Tony were to be killed or arrested.

At some point, Bobby became a made man, although without making his bones (committing murder). Bobby was married to Karen Baccalieri and lived in Verona, New Jersey until her death in a car crash. They had two children, Bobby III and Sophia.

Bobby was quite different from the other men in the Soprano crime family. Within the family he was quiet, almost shy, kind-hearted, and even-tempered. These traits made him well-liked if not necessarily respected. He was obese, which brought him much ridicule, but he was very loyal and even Tony apologized to him after making cracks about his weight.

In turn, Bobby was always respectful, and sometimes affectionate, towards Tony, telling him, "I always liked you", in the aftermath of a feud that saw Tony order the deaths of several members of Junior Soprano's crew that Bobby was in. He bore no lasting grudges against Paulie Gualtieri or Christopher Moltisanti, who carried out these hits, and appeared briefly looking delighted on the day Christopher was inducted.

Bobby operated Junior Soprano's loan shark business in his stead and acted as Junior's assistant while Junior was under house arrest on federal racketeering charges. Junior eventually rewarded him by putting Bobby in charge of his loan shark operation during the later part of his prosecution. Bobby was made capo when Junior had Murf Lupo step down in "For All Debts Public and Private".

Bobby was very loyal to his wife, Karen, and (as revealed in "Christopher") was the only made man in the Soprano crew without a comare. The only time he was ever seen with another woman other than his wife was in the episode "University." When Ralphie walks back into the Bada Bing after beating Tracee to death, Bobby could be seen talking to another stripper. Bobby lost his wife in a car accident and took it especially hard, refusing to eat a tray of ziti she put in the freezer prior to her passing. Following Karen's death, Janice Soprano, along with many other women, pursued Bobby, trying to help him out as much as possible, by cooking and watching over Bobby's two children, but also trying to initiate a relationship with him.

When his grief continued, Janice went so far as to use the internet to expose his children to a Ouija board within their house. This frightened them and cleared a path for Janice to demonstrate that Bobby's grief was affecting his children. Despite Bobby's initial reluctance, the two were soon married and together had a daughter, Domenica. Bobby remained unaware of his wife's machinations at the start of their relationship. Bobby also enjoyed playing with model trains.

Since 2001, when he assisted Tony in rescuing Christopher Moltisanti and Paulie Gualtieri from the Pine Barrens, Bobby grew closer to Tony. As Ralph Cifaretto put it, "Dating the boss's sister will help a made man's career". Tony had recently stepped up his expectations of Bobby, who he felt was taking their newfound family relationship as an excuse not to earn at a competitive level, compared to other members of the family. Bobby rose to the occasion by supplementing his income with the $7,000 he received for using his skills as a marksman to non-fatally shoot a rapper he met at the hospital in the buttocks, while Tony was in the ICU, in order to raise the rapper's profile.

In the episode "The Ride" Bobby's wife, son, and youngest daughter were involved in a ride accident at the feast of St. Elzear, while he took his other daughter to the bathroom. Bobby's initial reaction was relief that his family was unhurt. However, at a Sunday dinner at the Soprano residence, Janice berated Bobby for not standing up for them. She later accompanied him when he paid a visit to the ride's owner.

Bobby stormed into his motel room, beat him up, and tried to extort money from him but learned that Paulie Gualtieri had been responsible for withholding the funds needed to repair the ride. Bobby tracked Paulie down at the festival and angrily confronted him. The two were separated by other associates in the crime family. At Christopher's belated bachelor party, Bobby left soon after Paulie arrived. Tony ordered Paulie to make things right with Bobby. The episode demonstrated Bobby's devotion to his family, but also confirmed his credentials as a man not to be crossed lightly, further cementing his position in the higher echelons of the family.

In the episode, "Moe N' Joe", Bobby was beaten and robbed by a street gang as he was making his collections. One of the gang members fired a shot at the sidewalk near Bobby's face and a concrete fragment injured his right eye. The injury left his sight in the eye uncertain and Carlo suspected that he might need a corneal transplantation. Despite the injury, Bobby made certain his payments reached Tony, by way of a concerned Carlo Gervasi, who visited Bobby at the hospital.

Bobby's injury prompted Tony to reassess his relationship with his sister and brother-in-law. Tony's feelings of guilt prompted him to broker an agreement with Johnny Sack that allowed Bobby and his family to buy Sack's house at half price.

In the episode "Soprano Home Movies", during a Monopoly game with Bobby, Carmela, and Janice, Tony began to make rude remarks toward Janice in reference to her promiscuous behavior as a younger woman, which Bobby took as a disrespectful affront. Unexpectedly, a usually meek and passive Bobby launched his fist into Tony's face, knocking him to the floor. Bobby won the fight, battering the inebriated Tony quite severely but also injuring his boss's pride. Tony, although reasonably gracious in defeat, was embarrassed at having been defeated in a brawl, especially by Bobby of all people. Tony frequently asserted to Bobby, Janice, and Carmela that he would have won the fight had he not slipped on the rug nor undergone such physical impotence after being shot by Uncle Junior.

As a partial result of this awkward incident, Bobby was tasked with going to Montreal to murder the brother-in-law of one of Tony's Québécois associates, an important hit that formed part of a deal to save money on a pharmaceuticals racket. It was Bobby's first murder. Tony mentioned earlier that Bobby had never "popped his cherry" with wetwork though Bobby was quite remorseful after committing the hit.

Bobby's attitude was affected by Tony's plan to promote him to Acting Boss. Tony wanted to bring Bobby up into the administration of the organization, because his earlier plan of positioning Christopher Moltisanti as his emissary and eventual heir had failed, following their personal falling out and eventually Chris's death/murder. While Paulie Walnuts nominally held the title of Underboss, Bobby attended high-level meetings and sit-downs alongside Tony and Silvio Dante, identifying him as a high-ranking capo.

Even though Bobby was just a capo at the time, he was still consulted in strategy sessions, such as when Tony consulted Bobby about what to do about Phil Leotardo's attempts to displace him as boss of the family. A few years earlier, Tony would have never brought Bobby into such a high-level discussion. Unlike Chris Moltisanti, Bobby neither took Tony's trust for granted nor his new position lightly. Conscious of his rise from soldier to captain and then underboss, Bobby worked hard to keep Tony's trust and respect, rather than simply coasting on his goodwill as Moltisanti had. His loyalty and work ethic did not go unnoticed or unappreciated by Tony.

Bobby's rise and industriousness did not go unnoticed by the other families. When his name was brought up at a meeting of top New York associates and one of them (played by Dominic Chianese Jr.) mocked his rise by noting that he'd originally been Junior Soprano's driver, Albie Cianflone defended Bobby, noting that almost all "Mafiosi" started doing work considered low-level or menial.

When war erupted between the New Jersey and New York families in the episode "The Blue Comet", New York boss Phil Leotardo ordered the deaths of the DiMeo family's top three "guys": Bobby, Silvio, and Tony. FBI agent Dwight Harris informed Tony at Satriale's that a snitch in Brooklyn had implied that Phil had ordered a major hit on the New Jersey crew. Tony then gave orders to inform everyone of the upcoming assassination plot.

Bobby left his cell phone behind as he entered a hobby shop, preventing him from receiving the warning call. While Bobby was looking at a vintage Blue Comet train set, two men entered the store and opened fire. Several gunshots sent Bobby's bullet riddled body crashing on top of a model train display.

Later in the episode, when a saddened Tony reflects on Bobby's death while holding the assault rifle that Bobby gave him on his birthday, Tony flashes back to the moment when he and Bobby were fishing, contemplating their own fates. Bobby observes that when getting killed, you "probably don't even hear it when it happens, right?". With Janice now a widow, she asks Uncle Junior for money, now living in state care. The approach fails as Junior's advancing dementia has made him forget where his secret funds are hidden. Tony, although estranged from Junior, later visits his uncle and firmly tells him that if he does recall where his money is, the money will go straight to Bobby's children, with Tony overseeing it.

Character origins
By chance, Steve Schirripa was in New York City in June 1999 for a friend's wedding. Around that time he was invited for an audition in New York City, initially for Agent Skip Lipari, and later for the role of Baccalieri. He played Baccalieri for five seasons. For the first two seasons, he wore a fat suit to fit the role, but this was later removed.

title: Bobby Baccalieri


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User talk:Foobar

Hi there. I couldn't help noticing those superb photographs of Gallium crystals that you've uploaded. I've listed one of them on Featured pictures candidates - a page where particularly good photographs on the site are recognised. Keep up the great work! - MykReeve 01:23, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes - very nice photo! --mav 04:14, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I assume we will soon be seeing a Wikipedia article on how to grow Gallium crystals? ;) --Dante Alighieri | Talk 18:43, Mar 27, 2004 (UTC)

weird diff
Hi -- I did a diff for your change on Black hole (05:13, 24 Sep 2004, edit summary "rm older vandalism"), compared to the previous version, and it shows the "Interest in collapsed objects..." paragraph with a minus on the left and a plus on the right, but with no changes highlighted. If I edit the two versions and copy the entire content of the edit fields to files, the files are identical. So there doesn't seem to be any difference. I'm wondering whether this is a bug in the diff tool. Do you remember what you changed? Fpahl 09:05, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * They're not identical, actually. Look at the very end of that paragraph, you'll see I removed two .'s that some anon had inserted earlier here . He did the same to another article. Funny you mention a bug in the diff tool -- while reverting, I couldn't access the previous diff! It gave me an error page identical to this except with the correct id number. The previous version is accessible now, though. It also contains the (in)correct data (search for "for example...").
 * --Foobar 02:44, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Strange. I could easily have overlooked the two dots visually, but it seems I must have also messed up copying out the content from the edit fields. I still have the two files that I diffed, and there's one dot in each of them. This together with your version retrieval problem is a bit mysterious. Let's hope it's not a hacker vandal :-) Fpahl 08:48, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * It's just that the spacing betwen paragraphs has changed slightly. It's not really a bug.

Gallium crystals
I'd just like to tell you that I think you did a wonderful job on your Gallium crystals photo. Good job! --Randy 02:42, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Featured picture (gallium)
Oooh, so pretty. Thanks! --fvw *  04:39, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)

Show cats and genetic health problems
I noticed that you have edited the article show cat. There is currently a discussion on the talk page about the section that mentions health problems. The dissagreement is if the article should state that this is a problem (the position I have taken) or weather the article should state that this is a misconception which is not true. Your input would we appreciated. Dalf | Talk 23:40, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

caps bad
Huh? I just noticed that you undid an edit I did to the Palpatine entry. Because of a dispute I am currently locked out of any further editing of that entry. You changed the evil GALACTIC EMPIRE to read as the Galactic Empire. I used the capitalization to mimic the emphasizing capitalization of the name as Lucas did in the opening crawl of Return of the Jedi, The opening crawl also referred to the empire with the preposition "evil." You removed that too.

Query -- Why?

Robeykr 21:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I realize you're using the same style as the two opening crawls, but I changed it to maintain consistency with wikipedia's link style and the content of other pages. Every other en: wikipedia page uses "Galactic Empire" alone and with that capitalization. In addition, the only instance of "evil Galactic Empire" is found in the opening crawl quoted on Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.

 * Since no one else has used "GALACTIC EMPIRE" (with or without "evil") on any other Star Wars page here, I feel it just looks better.
 * --Foobar 22:28, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Gallium crystals
Hi! How do you grow gallium crystals - I have access to most common lab chemicals (including a few gallium salts). I'd really love to grow a few. Nippoo 12:30, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You need to obtain at least 50 grams of highly pure (99.99%+) gallium metal, as impurities rapidly destroy its ability to form large crystals. I say 50 grams because anything less cools too quickly and isn't nearly as visually impressive. Put the metal in a sealable transparent plastic container. Melt the gallium completely, then leave it to cool and solidify. Measure the amount of time required for it to completely solidify. Then, remelt it, leave it to cool, and about 3/4 through the process, tilt the container so that the liquid gallium runs out from underneath the solid gallium, hopefully revealing your crystals. Let the remainder solidify, and you're done. If it doesn't form crystals, it's being cooled too quickly, or there wasn't a good seed crystal available. To combat the former, lightly insulate the container with some cloth; to combat the latter, swirl the gallium around as it's being melted and stop melting it when there's a small amount of solid mass left inside. If you have access to a precisely temperature-controlled enclosure (around 0.1-0.5 degree precision), this becomes far easier, as you set the enclosure to just below the melting point of gallium and wait.

Where can one find Gallium?
Ever since I learned of Gallium in my university chemistry course, two decades ago now, I've wanted to obtain some. I wouldn't even know where to look. I am in San Francisco, USA - so I figure in a city of this size and diversity I should be able to find some - but where to start looking? Any suggestions would be much appreciated. I'm still curious to see a metal turn to liquid in my hand :)

 * OK, forget my request. It seems Gallium is as costly as Gold! (link removed -- Foobar).  Is this normal?

 * No, it isn't normal. That company appears to be severly inflating the cost of Gallium, taking advantage of the fact that most companies that deal in high purity elements do not sell to individuals.  According to this USGS document, the average price per kilogram over the past five years has been around $505; not cheap but not mind-blowingly expensive either.  The fact that this particular company wants 82 times the going market value per gram is nothing short of absurd.  Try checking these companies out; you'll probably have to order through a local chemical distributor or university, however.  ESPI Metals, Alfa-Aeser, American Elements.  Good luck!

WikiProject Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week
WikiProject Pharmacology is currently organizing a new Collaboration of the Week program, designed to bring drug and medication related articles up to featured status. We're currently soliciting nominations and/or voting on nominations for the first WP:RxCOTW, to begin on September 5, 2007. Please stop by the Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week page to participate! Thanks! Dr. Cash 17:48, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week
Aspirin has been selected as this week's Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week! Please help us bring this article up to featured standards during the week. The goal is to nominate this at WP:FAC on September 10, 2007.

Also, please visitWP:RxCOTW to support other articles for the next COTW. Articles that have been nominated thus far include Doxorubicin, Paracetamol (in the lead with 4 support votes so far), Muscle relaxant, Ethanol, and Bufotenin.

In other news:

 * Bupropion has been promoted to featured status on August 31, 2007.

 * The WikiProject Pharmacology main page has been updated and overhauled, to make it easier to find things, as well as to highlight other goals and announcements for the project.

 * Garrondo is asking for individuals to help review Therapies for multiple sclerosis, as he is considering nominating this article for GA status.

 * Fvasconcellos notes that discussion is ongoing regarding the current wording of MEDMOS on including dosage information in drug articles. All input is welcome.

Dr. Cash 00:46, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Pharmacology Update
Here's a brief update in some of the recent developments of WikiProject Pharmacology!

 * Aspirin has just completed its two week run as the first Collaboration of the Week! Many thanks to those editors that contributed; the article got a lot of good work accomplished, and in particular, much work was done in fixing up the history section. It's still not quite "done" yet (is a wikipedia article really ever done?), but after two weeks I think it's more important to push onwards with the development of the new collaboration of the week program. I will be fixing up Aspirin in the next few days and possibly nominating it for either GA or FA status.

 * Muscle relaxant has been selected as the new Collaboration of the week until October 2, 2007! This article is currently rated as a "stub", so it's got quite a bit of work cut out for collaborators! Admittedly, featured status could be a long way off,... but still attainable! At the least, maybe we could at least get it up to meeting the Good article criteria? Please stop by the article and help improve it.

 * Resveratrol, having recently achieved GA status on August 16, 2007, is now making a run for featured status. This is quite a fascinating compound. If you can, please stop by its discussion page and leave comments in support of it.

 * Please remember that Wikipedia is not a forum for discussing or dispensing medical advice amongst users. Specifically, talk pages of articles should only be used to discuss improving the actual article in question. To help alleviate this situation, the template talkheader may be added to the top of talk pages, reminding users of the purpose of such pages. Additionally, unsigned comments and comments by anonymous users that are inappropriate may be removed from talk pages without being considered vandalism.

 * There was an interesting article on ZDNet last week about Hewlett Packard licensing its patented microneedle technology used in common inkjet printers to be used in transdermal patches to deliver a time-controlled release of drugs to patients. This information could be added to articles such as route of administration or drug delivery.

You are receiving this message because you are listed as one of the participants of WikiProject Pharmacology.

Dr. Cash 05:00, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Pharmacology Update
Here are a few updates in the realm of WikiProject Pharmacology:

 * The Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week has been changed to Collaboration of the Month, based on current participation levels. It is also more likely that articles collaborated on for one month are more likely to achieve featured quality than articles worked on for only a week or two.

 * The current Collaboration of the Month for November is Receptor antagonist. Please take a look at that article and contribute to it if you get a chance. Ideally, the article should adhere to the featured article criteria.

 * Therapies for multiple sclerosis is currently a featured article candidate. If you are familiar with the featured article criteria, please visit WP:FAC and review the article.

 * Anabolic steroid is the wikiproject's newest Featured Article, having been promoted on October 8, 2007.

 * Theobromine was delisted as a Good Article. The Peer review and GA reassessment discussions provide suggestions on improvement. Muscle relaxant was recently reviewed for Good Article status, but not promoted. Please see the full review full review here for details.

Dr. Cash 22:10, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Foobar


text:
Talk:HD Hyundai Heavy Industries

Timelines
The long timelines in the article are unnecessary, unencyclopedic, poorly written (for Wikipedia, history sections should be in prose, not timelines), and sourced only to HHI's own website. I think they should be removed, but User:Openbrain has edit warred to keep them in. Thoughts? r ʨ anaɢ talk/contribs 06:08, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

=need information more= this company is World Largest Shipbuilding Group. but, original article is 'not' enough to be understanding about this group. so, i found information more, it be useful for Vistors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Openbrain (talk • contribs) 18:17, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

need information more
this company is World Largest Shipbuilding Group. but, original article is 'not' enough to be understanding about this group. so, i found information more, it be useful for Vistors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Openbrain (talk • contribs) 19:26, 25 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Read our policies before continuing to add such content. Namely, WP:OR, WP:PRIMARY, and WP:MoS.  GraYoshi2x► talk 17:39, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

tetal - a typo?
tetal seems to be a typo but it is not obvious what it should be - can anyone figure out what it should be? (from Correct typos in one click)

Restructuring and financial troubles of HHI
This article may need some updates. Many things are changing with the structure of HHI that could affect all aspects of their operation. It might be good to wait until things settle, but with major portions of the Ulsan shipyard being sold off, or simply no longer operating, it may not remain the world's largest shipbuilding operation.

http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/05/693_269838.html

https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20191022009300325 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skeletor3000 (talk • contribs) 20:14, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

Job seekers
electrical 119.160.96.137 (talk) 07:07, 15 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:HD Hyundai Heavy Industries


text:
1892 Quebec general election

In the 1892 Quebec general election on March 8, 1892, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Conservative Party, led by Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Félix-Gabriel Marchand.

Mercier had been accused of corruption and removed from office as Premier by Quebec Lieutenant-governor Auguste-Réal Angers on December 16, 1891. The scandal probably influenced the outcome of the election. Mercier gave up the post of Liberal leader (and leader of the Opposition) to Félix-Gabriel Marchand, and was later acquitted of all charges.

Boucher de Boucherville resigned a year later, and was replaced by Louis-Olivier Taillon as Conservative leader and premier. Taillon in turn resigned in 1896, and was replaced by Edmund James Flynn. Flynn lost the 1897 election, and the Conservatives never held power in Quebec again.

title: 1892 Quebec general election


text:
Talk:Lukla

Image
If the owner of the image would like to recontribute the image they may do so, however, they may not limit the use under GDFL as done with the first contribution. - Texture 01:27, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Don't you think you should give one a chance to respond to a possible violation of GFDL before unilaterally deleting it post haste? RedWolf 03:45, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * The image you uploaded was listed on Possible copyright infringements on March 2nd. The image text indicated that you were the copyright owner and agreed to the GFDL but you added text indicating further restrictions on the copyright that did not meet the requirements of GFDL.  If you will remove those additional restrictions and release your image solely under the GFDL I will undelete the image or you can reupload it.  Is that acceptable? - Texture 03:59, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I deleted the mention of the Hunt expedition walking in from Jiri (Hillary and Tenzing et all.) as they actually walked all the way from the Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, to be exact. For the present day trekkers and Nepal enthusiasts it seems to be hard to belive that the road to Jiri was opened in 1984!!! When I took the bus there in March 1985 the construction was still going on. (Petrus)

Tourism
This entry reads like a tourist guide. Perhaps it could use some clean-up? bob rulz 05:38, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * It could still do with some improving if anyone else is willing to fix it up. -Smonocco 02:13, 30 August 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Smonoco (talk • contribs)
 * Done.Wikiuser100 (talk) 12:30, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lukla


text:
William Bryant

William, Willie, Bill or Billy Bryant may refer to:

Sport

 * William Bryant (footballer, born 1874) (1874–?), played for Rotherham Town, Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers
 * William Bryant (footballer, born 1899) (1899–1986), England international who played for Millwall
 * Billy Bryant (1913–1975), footballer who played for Wrexham and Manchester United in the 1930s
 * Bill Bryant (American football) (born 1951), American football player
 * Bill Bryant (cricketer) (1906–1995), Australian cricketer
 * Bill Bryant (golf executive) (1914–1983), American golf executive
 * Bill Bryant (rugby league) (1940–2019), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s

Other people

 * William Bryant (actor) (1924–2001), American actor
 * William Bryant (convict) (1757–1791), convict on First Fleet to New South Wales
 * William Bryant (industrialist), co-founder of the Bryant & May match company
 * William Bryant (physician) (1730–1783), American physician
 * William B. Bryant (1911–2005), senior federal judge and the first black federal prosecutor in the United States
 * William Bradley Bryant, superintendent of public schools for the U.S. state of Georgia
 * William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878), American poet
 * William Maud Bryant (1933–1969), United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient during the Vietnam War
 * William P. Bryant (1806–1860), American state supreme court judge in Oregon Territory
 * William R. Bryant Jr. (1938–2020), American politician
 * Willie Bryant (1908–1964), American jazz musician and DJ
 * William Bryant, Confederate spy in the American Civil War
 * Bill Bryant (politician) (born 1957), Washington State politician

title: William Bryant


text:
Timothy Bloodworth

Timothy James Bloodworth (1736 – August 24, 1814) was an American anti-Federalist politician. He was a leader of the American Revolution and later served as a member of the Confederation Congress, U.S. congressman and senator, and collector of customs for the Port of Wilmington, North Carolina.

Early life and career
Bloodworth was born 1736 in North Carolina to Timothy Bloodworth Sr. who had migrated to North Carolina from Virginia in the early 1700s. He spent most of his life before the American Revolutionary War as a teacher. He owned 9 slaves and had over 4,000 acres of land.

He had two brothers, James and Thomas, who were active local politicians.

In 1776, he began making arms including muskets and bayonets for the Continental Army. In 1778 and 1779, he served as a member of the North Carolina state legislature. Following this, he held a number of political posts sequentially until serving as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786. He served as an Anti-Federalist delegate from New Hannover County to the Fayetteville Convention on the U.S. Constitution in 1789.:

He was elected to the First United States Congress as a member of the House of Representatives, serving from 1790 to 1791 before returning to the North Carolina state legislature. In 1794 Bloodworth was elected to the United States Senate, where he served from 1795 to 1801. From then until 1807, Bloodworth served as collector of customs in Wilmington, North Carolina.

During the Second World War, Liberty ship SS Timothy Bloodworth was named in his honor.

title: Timothy Bloodworth


text:
Hyundai Engineering & Construction

Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd. (HDEC; ) is topconstruction company 22B dillar ,29.2trillion turnover (2023) in South Korea. The company was founded by Chung Ju-yung in 1947 as the Hyundai Civil Works Company and was a major component of the Hyundai Group. Hyundai Construction and Hyundai Engineering merged in 1999. HDEC's history symbolizes South Korean economic miracle like Soyang river multi-purpose dam & epoch-making 420km Gueongbu expressway.

Hyundai Construction played a major role in the importation of Korean laborers to the Middle East to work on construction projects in the 1970s and 1980s. In the decade following 1975, Hyundai signed their first contract in the region for construction of a shipyard for the Iranian Navy near Bandar-e Abbas. 800,000 Koreans went to work in Saudi Arabia and another 25,000 went to Iran; Hyundai was their largest employer.

Under creditors' management with Korea Exchange Bank as the largest creditor, Hyundai Group was split into several entities from 2001 to 2006. As of March 2007, HDEC is the main shareholder of Hyundai Merchant Marine, which is the de facto holding company of Hyundai Group. Hyundai Group and Hyundai Motor Group (another spin-off from Hyundai Group) are both vying to purchase HDEC.

In 2011, Hyundai Motor Group became the new owner of Hyundai Eng. & Const., Co., Ltd. This was determined by Korean banks' decision after defeating Hyundai group(key company Hyundai elevator & Merchant marine HMM top Korean marine corp as of 2023: the 2nd largest shipping co., in Korea after bankrupt Hanjin shipping ) Group.

Key landmark construction sites
like Apgukeong Hyundai, symbol of rich people, introduction in Korea during 1970 building
 * Bangabandhu Bridge, Bangladesh
 * Kyeong-bu (Seoul-Busan) express way
 * North Han river, Soyanggang Dam, multipurpose Dam
 * Seoul Gangnam apartment
 * Hyundai Ulsan shipyard
 * Hyundai Motor Ulsan complex
 * Ulsan Industrial complex
 * Posco Giant Pohang and Gwangyang (South-west of Korean peninsula) com
 * Jubail industrial harbour,Saudi.
 * Saudi imterior minisry

 * Jabel Ali Industrial harbour construction
 * Suntec City tower project, Singapore

 * Seoul Gimpo airport

 * Asan Seoul medical center 3,000bed largist hospital in S.Korea.

after Yi sunsin bridge.
 * Ulsan Grand Bridge,2nd longist suspension bridge

 * Penang bridge,Malaysia.

 * Geogeum Grand Bridge
 * Masan Changwon Grand Bridge
 * 3rd Bosphorus bridge

 * Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway, Kuwait
 * Lusial Expressway, Qatar
 * Construction of  Al Bustan Street South Project -Sabah Al ahmad Corridor -Qatar

Notable people
The former president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, was a former CEO of Hyundai Engineering and Construction.

title: Hyundai Engineering & Construction


text:
Talk:Hyundai Engineering & Construction

Hyundai engineering contraction
Sir namastey sir main Janna chahta hun ki ki job hai ky 2409:4063:6E0D:C899:89A8:5812:2982:BD04 (talk) 01:30, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Hyundai Engineering (HEC) into Hyundai Engineering & Construction
These appear to be about the same exact corporation. —  Red-tailed hawk (nest) 03:20, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi, although entity name is very similar. Hyundai E&C and Hyundai Engineering are separate companies.
 * Hyundai E&C: https://www.hdec.kr/en/main.aspx // Hyundai Engineering: https://www.hec.co.kr/en
 * Also see https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/group/CONT0000000000000648 that shows both companies in HMG group website. Thanks, Ally2580 (talk) 14:01, 21 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Why do they have the same logo? —  Red-tailed hawk (nest) 14:23, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing with no merge, given the objection, no support and stale discussion. I'll add a distinguish template though. Klbrain (talk) 09:42, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hyundai Engineering & Construction


text:
Francis Locke Jr.

Francis Locke Jr. (October 31, 1766 – January 8, 1823) was a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina.

Family
Francis Locke was the son of Francis Locke Sr. (1722–1796) (a Revolutionary War participant) and Anne Brandon (b.abt. 1737). All are buried at Thyatira Cemetery in Rowan County, North Carolina.

Career
A native of Rowan County, North Carolina, and a judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina from 1803 to 1814, he was elected to the Senate in 1814 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of David Stone, but resigned in 1815, before he could qualify.

title: Francis Locke Jr.


text:
Talk:Perception

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Abandoned user draft
Please would an interested editor assess the material added at User:Damoose95/sandbox (see diff), incorporate what is useful, blank the user page as WP:COPYARTICLE, and leave a note here when done? – Fayenatic  L ondon 11:48, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

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Original research
At the top of this page is a list of article policies. No original research is one of our fundamental policies. I'm a bit disturbed to see a suggestion that " The authors therefore decided to invite his or hers personal, real life, experiences of every reader to fill in the gaps - with style.". This is clearly original research, and with all dues respect, not acceptable, no matter how a few editors feel about it. Articles must be reliably and verifiably sourced. As it says underneath the edit window in which I am writing, "Please post only encyclopedic information that can be verified by external sources." See WP:RS and WP:Verify. Other Wikipedia articles, by the way, are not acceptable as sources. I doubt that replacing the current article with one without inline citations will be acceptable either, and I hope that isn't attempted. Dougweller (talk) 14:33, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree completely. DES (talk) 15:17, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Perception-in-action
The section on perception-in-action does not distinguish well between Gibson's and Glaserfeld's account. First, Glaserfeld should be referred to as a radical, not a social constructivist. The concept of invariants as referred to by Gibson, and by Glaserfeld in contrast, are quite remote, and as far as I understand, the constructivist and direct realist positions are in stark opposition.

Also, it should strongly be distinguished between the action-perception interrelation, and the topic of direct perception.

As to action-perception: schema theory as developed e.g. in M. A. Arbib 1989, motor theory of perception, and the articles on embodied cognition, situated cognition, the buzzwords of action-perception and sensorimotor loops can help.

As to direct perception: Gibson's ideas are based on Brunswik's (the conception of molar units as important for psychology is further developed there). The concept of "information pickup" should be elaborated. Apart from current revivals (also, again, see the article on situated cognition), this has been discussed by several (with a tendency towards opposition) camps, e.g. Ullman: Against direct perception, and work by Glenberg, Greeno, Turvey, Shaw. Morton Shumway (talk) 04:01, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Phenomenal consciousness and vision
Under "Types" I read: "phenomenal consciousness is thought, on average, to be predominately absent without sight. Through the full or rich sensations present in sight, nothing by comparison is present while the eyes are closed."

What follows is that blind persons' phenomenal consciousness is absent in comparison to that of non-blind. A solution of course is to consider the other senses, including proprioception. Morton Shumway (talk) 04:19, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

The senses of hearing, olfaction, tasting and touching also allow for phenomenal consciousness. I will update the article with this information. Alan347 (talk) 18:38, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

Little bit of omission going on
I wanted to look up the Aristotelian theory of the inner senses, especially given the discussion of qualia which occurs variously in other Wiki articles, and the description given of Eccles' understanding of sense. I figured, these things get mentioned, theoretically this should be covered, right? Well, there's no article on "inner sense", which has enough pedigree that there should be. I don't mean ESP or non-verifiable unreasoned postulations, I mean the philosophical theory used to hypothetically explain imagination, memory, estimation and distinction between different proper objects of sensation put forward by Aristotle and fiddled with by Moderns.

Now, I figured, if there's no article on inner sense, there will be one on "sense". I looked, and lo and behold! There was an article on sense, but there's nothing on inner sense, because from the beginning, the article limits itself to a physiological discussion. Correct me if I'm wrong, but Aristotle didn't say there wasn't an organ (or many organs) corresponding to the inner senses, and in fact there were many hypotheses about where in the brain or heart these organs might be located. So why is it not mentioned, even as a historical interest? Or under "philosophy of perception" (no mention)? Perception, the article, lacks a single mention of the theory. Shouldn't it be, I don't know, somewhere? It's related to all of these articles, and used to be used as a grand unifying philosophical theory of perception; it's still taught in philosophical schools; and Wikipedia is not the place for chronological snobbery.

Whatever the case, if nothing gets done, I might just add something myself. I've just been really busy and am hoping someone else might see fit to bring this into the light.

TonalHarmony (talk) 21:21, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I think a good point to start would be the article on sensus communis, i.e. koine aisthesis. Or you might expand the article on On the Soul. Otherwise, the concept has some history in philosophy, but also in neuro- and the cognitive sciences (the mirror neurons and the simulation theory of theory of mind come to mind, so that starting a decent article on that concept would be quite some work. Morton Shumway (talk) 19:45, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Neuroscience?!
This subject needs way more neuroscience involvement. This should be listed as a neuroscience article just as much (if not more) than a philosophy or psychology article. I know I'm biased because I am a neuroscientist, but really.Grouphug (talk) 06:09, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The article is already part of the Neuropsychology section of the Mind and Brain Portal. Please add a section on the concept in the particular context of Neuroscience. --Morton Shumway (talk) 16:28, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

I would add that much of the writing on this page is very handwave-y and ambiguous ("esemplastic"?!). Lots of science, hard thinking and work has been put in to this field over thousands of years and it deserves better. Also, Gibson is not the only psychophysicist. Needs enriching. --argumentum_ornithologicum (talk) 22:56, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
 * It rather needs a rewrite—n. b. Gibson is no psychophysicist. Best, Morton Shumway  —  talk  03:44, 18 October 2010 (UTC).

Can anyone explain why the Rorschach test has relevance to perception? --96.244.248.77 (talk) 03:30, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It's one of the more famous personality tests that tests subjects' "perceptions" of inkblots --Frank0229 (talk) 05:02, 28 May 2020 (UTC)

Improvement on the page's layout / Robert Fludd

 * The page's layout is pretty confusing because it has the sidebars of Philosophy, Psychology and Neuropsychology with an exaustive list of categories and sub categories immediately beneath the heading of Perception so that the reader is not guided gradually into an appreciation of the topic 'perception' but is instead presented with an array of other information. The excellent picture of Robert Fludd is very suitable at the start of the article but the sidebars Philosophy, Psychology and Neuropsychology should be inserted at the bottom, so that the reader might want to access them after he has been guided into the subject of perception systematically. I will do this.

 * Again, the fact that immediately the reader is presented with the text: Perception: Disambiguation, is confusing. Perception refers to a specific, well studied process, thought in universities as a credit under both philosophy and psychology. It is a general study of the process of gaining awareness and something of a general knowledge which allows no immediate disambiguation. I will delete the disambiguation from the top of the page for I see no need of it, if the reader is searching for perception Blessid union of Souls album or the doors album, a journal or a TV series, he can very well enter that information in the search bar himself. I think it is simple enough.

Alan347 (talk) 19:01, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The first thing the reader is presented with under the section: Perception and reality is a diagram of ambiguous objects. This is done to explain the cognitive interplay in perception. It should not be presented immediately to the reader but in the context of a fully articulated articulation of the cognitive interplay in perception.
 * 1. Please restore the link to the disambiguation page at the beginning of the article. There is nothing confusing about it. Disambiguations are supposed to be at the top of pages. 2. I am not sure whether what you call "sidebars" should better remain at the top of the page, but I think that is what is agreed on as a general layout here. 3. Perception is not only studied in the fields of psychology and philosophy, but as well e.g. in cognitive neuropsychology, which is a subfield of neuroscience, and in cognitive science, which is a transdisciplinary approach. 4. As I see the article now, you have deleted quite a lot of content. if you intend to reintegrate it, if reasonable, I am keen to see your improvements - do you? 5. As of your revision now, the article has no lead section. Please take a look at the help pages and see what is supposed to go into it. Best, --Morton Shumway (talk) 00:43, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Now that I took a closer look at the differences between your edits and the last revision before those, I see that you have simply deleted quite a lot of important content. Sure, the article was not very good, not well-phrased, nor very systematic. However, I cannot see which improvement your new version is in comparison. I don't think that e.g. the mentioning of poverty of the stimulus, which in the context of the older revision would e.g. be a good starting point for elaborating the conception of perception in Gestalt psychology (a rather important aspect in the scope of the article) should just vanish. What do you think? Best, --Morton Shumway (talk) 01:00, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I find it unfortunate that you chose to remove your last contribution to the discussion. The main issue here is that you have heavily edited the article, while the improvement as of now is at least debatable. This is the main point I ask you to comment on (see above). However, as to the three points you raised: 1. For the policy on disambiguations see WP:D. If you enter "Perception" in the search bar, you are not lead to the disambiguation page, but to this article. However, in case somebody were looking for a different use of "Perception", the little link to the disambiguation page at the top of the article is supposed to give users the opportunity to get to the article they were looking for. 2. You insist that perception is studied in three fields, yet my example demonstrates this is not the case. Your systematisation of approaches (philosophy: P. and truth; psychology: P. and person; cognitive science: P. as physical) is not suitable to manage a general article on the topic. E.g.: in philosophy there are prominent approaches that do not focus that much on truth. 3. How do you see that I could help with a lead section after you deleted the one that was already there? Please take a look at the revision of the article before and after your edits, what information and structure which already was in the article is missing now. Best, --Morton Shumway (talk) 14:39, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I deleted my contribution to the discussion on this pecause I did not want to rush.
 * (1) Disambiguation: It is so obvious to me that Perception refers to the perception page that I find a disambiguation about it unfair.
 * (2) Isn't cognitive neuropsychology part of psychology ?
 * (3) Philosophy is all about wisdom and truth. Those approaches that don't study Perception under Truth in Philosophy do that because they think that there is no Truth. i.e. their truth is that there is no truth. heheh

Alan347 (talk) 12:25, 1 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. Sorry for not answering your questions, but I think I need to stress that the main concern should be the article as a whole.
 * You find the current state of the article with your edits here: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perception&oldid=365218813
 * You find the last state of the article before you started editing here: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perception&oldid=363982944
 * Please discuss in how far you see your changes to the article as an improvement! Please discuss why so many things e.g. under Perception and reality should not be kept in current versions of the article.
 * Best, --Morton Shumway (talk) 12:56, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

The edits by Alan347 need to be reverted because, however well-intentioned they are, they have damaged the article. Wikipedia policy is broken by not having the disambiguation link at the top. The sidebars are now crowded together at the bottom. Unnecessary headings have been introduced. A well-written lead has been removed. Most seriously, a lot of content has gone, some of it sourced to academic sources. The "Perception and Reality" section had five sources, which wasn't enough, but now it has none. Thanks Morton for raising this issue. Alan, you can't ignore the rules because you just don't like them. Please work with Wikipedia rather than against it, and make changes incrementally rather than major surgery as you have done. MartinPoulter (talk) 13:57, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Robert Fludd's diagram of perception is now described in English. Alan347 (talk) 18:33, 20 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry Alan, but I've had to delete the content you added. This article needs to be an up-to-date, accessible summary of the topic of perception, rounding up how the topic is addressed in psychology, philosophy, physiology and other relevant fields. There could possibly be a historical section, but otherwise material that's centuries old would not have so much prominence. The historical section would have to keep discussion of Fludd's theory very short to give it the same weight as other historical views. There is scope for a separate historical article, maybe even one on Fludd's theory if there are enough sources discussion it, and an explanation of Fludd's diagram could go there.
 * Also, please don't add material that has so many spelling or grammatical errors. Consider writing your text first in a word processor with spell check, and then pasting into Wikipedia.

MartinPoulter (talk) 12:12, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with the reasons for deleting the content from the article given above by User:MartinPoulter and have done another 2 reverts (the content was originally added preceding the lead by User:Alan347, then moved to a separate section by another reviewer). Even for a separate section the material is not suitable, since it refers to a historically as well as systematically very particular position which is not appropriate for a general article on perception. Even in a historical section, the scope would be the general relevance of Fludd's theory for the concept proper, not a paraphrase of a part of Fludd's work in general. Even if not relevant for that matter, the added material lacked consistency, references, and context, it rather was a rough circumscription of the content of Fludd's diagram.
 * Alan, maybe the place to contribute your work would be the article on Robert Fludd, but in that case you would still have to improve it - contentwise as well as stylistically. I have recommended you some useful articles at the help pages a while ago. Best, --Morton Shumway (talk) 23:59, 23 June 2010 (UTC).

 * Of course it is appropriate for a general article on perception ! Alan347 (talk) 09:18, 24 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Alan347, up to now you have at no time given arguments for your claims. Instead, you have several times now stated that you are right just because you say so. You have not been properly partaking in the discussions about the changes.
 * Please realise that Wikipedia is a community which has evolved mechanisms and standards to deal with the issues which arise in the distributed co-editing of an encyclopedia, and realise that Wikipedia has relatively high standards as to its content, the form in which this content is organised, and as to methodological issues as well.
 * If you are interested in contributing to Wikipedia, please study the material which other users point out, if someone points towards a certain policy (as e.g. WP:Reliable) it may be helpful for you if you study that information. That way you can develop an understanding why some edits must be reverted, even if they were conceived in good faith, and you can also learn how to partake in the endeavour of encyclopedic work.
 * --Morton Shumway (talk) 13:33, 24 June 2010 (UTC).
 * At last, a comprehensive description of perception where not only the physical realm is treated, but also the intellectual, imaginable and sensible. Alan347 (talk) 15:38, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

User:Alan347 has been placing the Fludd image at the top of the article with the argument that "Robert Fludd's description of perception is exceedingly important" - I linked here to demonstrate there was no consensus for this, but I realise now this talk section is about his Fludd-heavy editing of the lead, and the issue of Alan347 adding an inappropriate Fludd image (he seems to be doing this on a few articles) was actually had at Talk:Conscience.

I'd say the same argument stands here, though - this article doesn't mention Fludd, or even mention historical views of the concept of perception. Even if it did, one man's 17th century theory doesn't merit the weight of a large image at the top of the article, when the article's subject is much, much broader. --McGeddon (talk) 08:58, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

Please note: Fludd's description of Perception was present here before any of my edits. Refer to article history. I just described the image. The image needs to be described because it is a valid, inclusive theory of perception. It is precisely the inclusion of conscience, imagination and memory which make perception what it is and not the physical realm in abstraction. Unfortunately, by the way this article has been written it deals with perception as if it where only a mechanical thing. Perception involves the person in his wholeness, and this includes his conscience, his reflection, his memory, his imagination, and his motive. Also the physical realm is not the only realm that exists. There is also the intellectual realm. This is the realm by which we decide things such as good/bad. For example how did you perceive that my Fludd's diagram was a bad addition and needed to be reverted? You did this by your conscience, not by your eye-sight. For your eye-sight would have only given you an article void of any significance which is tantamount to no perception what so ever. Alan347 (talk) 10:23, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Is that the way perception is dealt with in modern academic sources? Do they give Fludd's theory this prominence? If they don't, nor should we. MartinPoulter (talk) 16:39, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The Fludd image was added by User: Empireheart in June 2009: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/w/index.php?title=Perception&oldid=298528125. It was considered a candidate for removal in one now archived discussion contribution. Some time ago, it was placed as part of the section Perception and reality.
 * I was under the impression that the image was removed from the article to demonstrate that its content-related aspects are of remote importance, in order to stop User:Alan347 from his repeated and (in several ways) ignorant modifications to the article.
 * I consider the image great illustrative material, and I see no general reason for having it removed, nor do I think the article would need explicit content on Fludd's theory to keep the image.
 * It is clear, and has been previously argued, that a section on Fludd, or an extensive description of the image is not indicated at all (see the previous discussion, and note that this is not to say that phenomena like consciousness, motivation, attention, imagery etc. do not play a role in modern acedemic discussion on the subject). --Morton Shumway (talk) 12:53, 13 August 2010 (UTC).

 * More then about consciousness, we need to start talking about conscience: as the sanctuary of our decision making. More then about motivation, we need to start talking about the motive: as a moral attribute. More then about attention we need to talk about memory: as being dynamic and dependent on motive. More then about imagery, we need to talk about the psychological faculty of imagination. Conscience is the center of consciousness and the heart of perception. Alan347 (talk) 15:16, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Alan347--but who's conscience? People have different ideas of right and wrong, don't they?a —' Zujine |talk 17:56, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Every person has a conscience endowed with intellectual, rational and human capabilities. It is the center of consciousness and the heart of perception for every person. It is the sanctuary of every person's decision making. Every person's conscience is in touch with the intellectual realm of reality. Conscience is man's sanctuary. It has a voice of its own and yet it does not have its own word because one hears his own reaction to a particular mode of conduct. Ultimately, in the word of our conscience we perceive God all holy. Conscience is affected by ignorance that can be culpable or invincible. Culpable ignorance is when a man takes little trouble to find out what is true and good, or when conscience is by degrees almost blinded through the habit of committing sin. Invincible ignorance is when the evil committed by the person cannot be imputed to him. At the source of errors of judgment of conscience can be: ignorance of Christ and his Gospel, bad example given by others, enslavement to one's passions, assertion of a mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience, rejection of the Church's authority and her teaching and lack of conversion and of charity. A perfect conscience is enlightened by faith in Christ. Conscience works in tandem with reflection and is linked with memory and motif and science and imagination. Alan347 (talk) 09:24, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Alan, I'm sorry, but I don't think you're entitled to incorporate these views in to an article on perception. As the sidebars show, this is an article about a topic in philosophy, psychology and neuroscience (or 'neuropsychology'; I'm not sure that's the discipline we're aiming for here). Your views depart significantly from mainstream thinking on the topic, and it is that mainstream thinking which we seek to catalogue here. At least in the mechanistic, scientific view, how I come to see the color green has nothing to do with Jesus or the Church.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Argumentum ornithologicum (talk • contribs) 03:05, 18 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Argumentum Ornithologicum, Perception is much broader then the mechanistic process of coming to see the colour green. We perceive the intellectual realm of reason and judgment. That involves the conscience of the person (conscience from coming to know). We also perceive the world through imagination and memory. It is given the broader outlook on perception is understood that enlightenment by faith makes sense. Thankyou. Alan347 (talk) 12:29, 18 October 2010 (UTC)
 * You're confusing the use of the term "perception" in psychology, philosophy and neuroscience with the everyday use--"He's very perceptive." Your views belong on a page about theology or possibly not on Wikipedia, unless you are a published author. Also, many people who perceive things, myself included, are not Christians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Argumentum ornithologicum (talk • contribs) 01:48, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

In philosophy the term perception precisely relates to being perceptive Alan347 (talk) 09:53, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

The Types section
I've removed these two paragraphs. They no doubt resulted from a good-faith attempt to improve the article, but the language was so confusing as to be mostly meaningless. Witness "Two types of consciousness are considerable regarding perception:", "Using this precept, it is understood that, in the vast majority of cases, logical solutions are reached through simple human sensation." and "all of which holds true to the linear concept of experience". This includes the removal of a mention of Richard L. Gregory, but the article needs to mention him, just in a comprehensible sentence. When I was a student of perceptual psychology, Gregory and Gibson were two equally important figures: I don't know which way the debate has gone in the last 17 years. I recommend using the newly rewritten lead as a guide to the structure of the article. MartinPoulter (talk) 16:54, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Problem with first sentence
It occurs to me that the definitional sentence is wrong, or at least not backed up by the source. It isn't "the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information." but the process of attaining awareness (and other things) of things in the environment, by means of sensory information. Help is welcome with decent sources for a proper defintion. MartinPoulter (talk) 15:05, 26 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Explicit definitions of basic terms can be hard to find in the literature. Here's a 'modern' (indirect + neuro) definition and some sentences more by Pomerantz: "Perception is the complex sequence of processes by which we take the information received from our senses and then organize and interpret it, which in turn allows us to see and hear the world around us as meaningful, recognizable objects and events with clear locations in space and time. The story of perception begins outside the body with external stimuli – the physical energy in dabbles of light or pitches of sound – that happen to impinge on receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin and elsewhere. At those receptors the physical stimuli are converted into neural signals – into the language of our nervous system – by a process called transduction. The neural signals, which convey raw sensations, are in turn transformed into perceptions – that is, the images that we consciously experience and which are most often recognizable, meaningful and clearly placed in space and time. […] Perception serves to interpret sensations in all of their various forms or modalities. [… E]ach of these modalities itself embraces many components. For example, our eyes register not only the presence of light but also variations in light intensity (brightness), wavelength (color), location (edges and depth) and patterning over time (flicker and movement). Similarly, our skin registers pressure, temperature changes, pain, and so on." (Pomerantz, James R. (2003): »Perception: Overview«. In: Lynn Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 3, London: Nature Publishing Group, pp. 527–537, here p. 527.)
 * Maybe this is already helpful, I will revisit when I have more time. Morton Shumway  —  talk  15:16, 26 March 2011 (UTC).
 * Wow, thanks for the rapid reply, Morton, and for finding a particularly useful source. You're absolutely right about the difficulty of finding explicit definitions of basic terms: frustrating, isn't it? MartinPoulter (talk)

not very much philosophy
I would include more information regarding how perception is based on appearances to the senses and bring in the whole "nothing perceived can be proven true" discussion. Phord42 (talk) 23:42, 10 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed there will have to be more on this aspect. However, see also Philosophy of Perception. Morton Shumway  —  talk  01:07, 11 May 2011 (UTC).

Discussion in progress
There is a discussion at Talk:Percept (computing) (an incomplete disambiguation) which may be of interest to contributors of this page. Please feel free to join in. France 3470  ( talk ) 16:52, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Science News resource
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/336101/title/Magic_trick_reveals_unconscious_knowledge "Magic trick reveals unconscious knowledge; People 'know' what they don't believe they've seen, study shows" by Laura Sanders Web edition November 14th, 2011 97.87.29.188 (talk) 22:36, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
 * What, potentially, might the Science News article add to this article? — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 04:48, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * This article might be more related to Implicit cognition. 99.190.86.16 (talk) 07:23, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

Perception as hypothesis-testing
This section fails to give an account of what this is, and instead devotes most of the space to discussing J.J. Gibson's ideas. Richard Gregory's essay on Perception as hypotheses in The Oxford Companion to the Mind is a good place to look. Macdonald-ross (talk) 19:42, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I would add the link to Richard L Gregory's:
 * Papers

Damir Ibrisimovic (talk) 06:18, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

Chepenik, L. G., Cornew, L. A., & Farah, M. J. (2007). The influence of sad mood on cognition. Emotion, 7(4), 802-811. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.802 Forgas, J. P. (1998). On being happy and mistaken: Mood effects on the fundamental    attribution error. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 75(2), 318-331. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.318

--Pazapatabalarezo (talk) 21:19, 27 October 2013 (UTC)

Object model
There is no discussion of the "object model". By "object model" I mean the perception that the world consists of distinct objects, in a 3D space + time.

The object model seems to be pre-programmed in people. It is the basis of logic and mathematics. Propositions about objects cannot be made until they are recognized. Objects cannot be counted or put in sets until they are recognized. So there is not logic without the object model.

This model distorts perception somewhat. For example a finite line segment is regarded in mathematics as an infinite set of point objects. Thepigdog (talk) 04:32, 9 November 2014 (UTC)

 * South-east Asians perceive a pattern (backround) first and
 * then an object within the pattern...
 * Damir Ibrisimovic (talk) 06:22, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

Vision
Out of curiosity, is vision left off the list in the "Types" section of this article for a reason? It seems like an obvious omission, but perhaps there's a valid reason visual perception is not at least briefly addressed there. Lostraven (talk) 21:22, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

broken citation in lead
There's a citation in the lead missing the closing part, can anyone fix this? I can't find which one it is.--Megaman en m (talk) 08:33, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

Stage of human perception
stage of human perception 154.74.127.166 (talk) 07:33, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

Unsourced additions 10 December 2023
, I have reverted your edit because there was no source supplied for any of your addition. If you would like to have the content added back, please provide a source for it. Kimen8 (talk) 21:14, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

"Home in"
Consider getting rid of and replacing the expression "home in", which recurs with alarming frequency in the article, with a more clear and less idiomatic expression. For one, it's too informal, and second, it creates strange phrasing like "home in upon", which can confuse readers who have learned English as a second language. "Bring into focus", "make salient/relevant", or "move towards", depending on the contextual meaning of "home in", I think are better. 205.189.187.4 (talk) 20:25, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Small Group Communication
— Assignment last updated by Kpere039 (talk) 19:52, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

Health & physical education and creative arts grade.6
Human 103.121.172.57 (talk) 16:17, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Seeing One World One People
Hi,The world and its people all are on one ship and if it sink we all sink and differentiate on others happened naturally so and if we move from one place to another is not easily made by anyone as population from china for example to travel to any country at as a mass population and we all in Africa want to stay at the west eg: US,UK,USA,France,Europe so communication can only done by the north Africans as they did that throughout education,sports,churches and more to be able to develop african culture the better ways eg: fashion and at the sametime African culture and Traditional are not easy to forget or stay without,So we can only from each other the other way around by listening to music and dancing and translate my language to others who've communicated or wrote to me a love letter or business deals and the people of the world did try and received trainings but some countries are far to reach and understand what they do in their everyday lives either working,schooling or creative than others and I'm happy as those creative they did share all like devices,cars,trains,food and many more, but it seems all are not yet enough as challenges grew and the rich comes richer and the poor get poorer to poorest and the rich one try to give and the poorest keep asking for more , why the rich don't give all ??? And why not stop working after receiving income or bonuses and why hunger is often comes while rich or poor?????. Why theory does it continuity century after centuries?????? Why animals don't know or care about the abattoir ????.Amooketsi we need to know. Is there any road to heaven than death or Is the Pope know the sin desert???? Is satan all over everyone??????.Why God keep just quite about all this?????.So why our choices for only less than 200 years???? Ok we can be born and die and is this everlasting lives and why others must die. Why Pope and why not chosen or never ????? And this world or earth can be someone created to control what is in it and his/she is hidden since he/she take over such control and it similar to those scientists wanted to be younger as at age of zero - 1-2 years old from 78 years old age and they want and need to be the first people to do that before anyone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.113.227.214 (talk) 19:03, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perception