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User talk:Sam Spade/Clients

Hello Sam, Jack, whomever,

Do you usually keep a file on those that demand a NPOV be applied to all articles in Wiki?

Curious.

If so, we can always just leave Wiki to the Marxist BS artists can't we?

 * Hmm. You certainly are a dedicated apologist for Vogel, the inflammatory vandal who has now been banned for one year. Interesting. I have a question for you. Are you a racist or an anti-semite? No, of course you'll say that you aren't. Let me ask a better question. Do you have any negative feelings about the Jews or about other races? Do you have negative feelings about leftists, communists, or socialists? Be honest, now.

 * I suspect that anyone who defends Vogel this persistently likely has some sympathies toward his views. We already know your POV on pantheism, where you described the leading modern interpretation of pantheism as "satanism disguised." I'd like to know your POV on race, and especially Jews.

Nat 08:22, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sam Spade/Clients


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Municipalities of Quintana Roo

Quintana Roo is a state in southeast Mexico established out of the Quintana Roo Territory in 1974 with seven municipalities, which has since grown into eleven municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, it has the twenty-fourth largest population of all states with inhabitants and is the 19th largest by land area spanning 44705.2 km2.

Municipalities in Quintana Roo are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Their legal framework derives from the state Constitution. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system. The president heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than locally.

As of 2020, the largest municipality by population is Benito Juárez with 911,503 residents while the smallest is Isla Mujeres with 22,686 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Felipe Carrillo Puerto which spans 12939.3 km2, and the smallest is Cozumel with 488.0 km2. The newest municipality is Puerto Morelos which was created out of Benito Juárez in 2016.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Municipalities of Quintana Roo


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Operation Slapstick

Operation Slapstick was the code name for a British landing from the sea at the Italian port of Taranto during the Second World War. The operation, one of three landings during the Allied invasion of Italy in September 1943, was undertaken by airborne troops of the British 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General George Hopkinson.

Planned at short notice, the mission followed an offer by the Italian government to open the ports of Taranto and Brindisi on the heel of Italy to the Allies. The airborne division was selected to undertake the mission, but at the time they were located in North Africa. A shortage of transport aircraft meant the division could not land in their traditional way by parachute and glider, and all the landing craft in the area were already allocated to the other landings: Operation Avalanche at Salerno on the western coast, and Operation Baytown at Calabria. Instead, the division had to be transported across the Mediterranean by ships of the Royal Navy. The landing was unopposed and the airborne division successfully captured the ports of Taranto, and later Brindisi on the Adriatic coast in working order.

The only German forces in the area were elements of the 1st Parachute Division (1. Fallschirmjäger Division), which engaged the advancing British in ambushes and at roadblocks during a fighting withdrawal north. Eventually, by the end of September, the British 1st Airborne Division advanced 125 mi to Foggia. Reinforcements from two infantry divisions had by then been landed behind them, which allowed the airborne troops to be withdrawn to Taranto. Soon after, the division, minus the 2nd Parachute Brigade, sailed for England in preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy.

Background

In May 1943, the Axis powers of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were defeated in the North African Campaign. Two months later, the Allied powers of Great Britain and the United States successfully launched their invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky. The island being completely occupied by the end of August, the Allies next turned their attention to the invasion of Italy.

On 3 September 1943, the British Eighth Army, under the command of General Sir Bernard Montgomery, crossed the Strait of Messina from Sicily and landed in Calabria during Operation Baytown to seize the ports of Reggio and San Giovanni. The main invasion was planned for 9 September, with the U.S. Fifth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Mark Clark, landing at Salerno on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, with Naples as their immediate objective. The Allies hoped that the invasion would persuade the Italian forces to surrender. If they did, the five Italian divisions in France and the twenty-nine in the Balkans would have to be replaced by German formations. Also, if the Germans then decided to continue the fight in Italy, they would have to redeploy some of their troops engaged on the Eastern Front or on occupation duties in France.

During secret surrender negotiations with the Allies in early September, the Italian government offered to open the ports of Taranto and Brindisi on the eastern coast. German forces in that area were very weak and would be expected to withdraw rather than fight if the Allies landed there. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean, quickly planned a third landing, codenamed Slapstick, to take advantage of the offer.

Slapstick was in part an operation of deception, to divert German forces away from the main Allied landings at Salerno on the same day, while also attempting to capture Taranto and Brindisi intact. The main value of Taranto was its large port. Its seizure would, with the expected capture of Naples in the west by the Americans, give the Allies supply points on both Italian coasts.

This military operation had a major political role, since the leaders of the government, including King Vittorio Emanuele III and his family, and Prime Minister Badoglio, fled from Rome to Brindisi after the surrender. Brindisi at the time was controlled only by the Italian Army, but its quick occupation by British troops secured the safety of the Italian leaders and allowed the declaration of war by Italy against Germany.

Taranto

Taranto is the capital city of the Province of Taranto in the region of Apulia and has a large harbor. It includes the two islets of St. Peter and St. Paul, which protect the bay, called the Mar Grande ("Big Sea"), where the commercial port is located. After the unification of Italy, Taranto became the main base of the Italian Navy. The military port was located in another bay, the Mar Piccolo. In November 1940, the Royal Navy attacked the naval base in Taranto, sinking some Italian battleships.

German forces
The German High Command fully expected Italy to surrender and, in preparation, had secretly established a new Army group headquarters commanded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel at Munich. Rommel would have six divisions transferred from the Eastern Front, two divisions from France that had just been reformed, and two parachute divisions based in Germany in his new command. However, a Russian offensive in the east prevented the release of all the units promised. Adolf Hitler came to the conclusion that, without the backing of the Italian Army, it would be impossible for the Germans to defend the whole of Italy.

In Italy, German Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring, unaware of what was happening in Germany, had been building up the strength of his forces. He was aided in this by the escape from Sicily of three divisions, which managed to cross the Strait of Messina without serious loss of men or equipment. In August, five infantry and two panzer divisions moved into northern Italy. After the loss of Sicily, Hitler amended the German plans, deciding to hold the Salerno-Naples area with five infantry divisions, while the 1st Parachute Division was ordered to the Apulia region.

Commanded by Generalmajor Richard Heidrich, the 1st Parachute Division consisted of the 1st, 3rd and 4th Parachute Regiments, with an artillery regiment, tank-destroyer, anti-aircraft, and engineer battalions, and other support units. The division was the successor of the original German airborne force, the 7th Air Division, and was highly experienced. It had spearheaded the German invasion in the west in 1940, and fought in the battles of Greece and Crete, and in the Soviet Union. Withdrawn from the Soviet Union in 1943, the division had already fought against British paratroops during operations in Sicily. However, on 9 September only three combat battalions and the headquarters were in Apulia.

British forces
Plans were formulated on 6 September to transport the British 1st Airborne Division to Taranto from their base in North Africa. They would take advantage of the Italian surrender to capture the port and establish anti-aircraft defences. What was left of the Italian fleet still using the harbour was expected to have left beforehand. The Allies believed that the division would face only minimal opposition and would be able to overcome any resistance with the limited naval support available, as Taranto was outside the range of Allied fighter aircraft based in Sicily.

Although it had been formed in October 1941, the British 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General George Hopkinson, had never before fought as a complete division. The only units with any combat experience were the 1st Parachute Brigade, which had fought with distinction as an independent brigade in North Africa and in Operation Fustian during the Allied invasion of Sicily, and the 1st Airlanding Brigade, understrength with only two battalions, which had also fought in Sicily during Operation Ladbroke. Both brigades had suffered heavy casualties in Sicily and were in no condition to undertake any further assault landings. Of the division's other brigades, the 2nd and 4th Para Brigades, were untried in battle. Also, the 2nd Parachute Brigade was the only full strength unit, as the 4th Parachute Brigade had only two battalions, with its third battalion still forming in Palestine.

There was only sufficient troop transport aircraft to support one division-sized operation, and that was allocated to the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, under Major General Matthew Ridgway, as part of the Salerno landings. As a result, the 1st Airborne Division had to be carried to Italy by sea. With no landing craft available on such short notice, the division was carried across the Mediterranean by four cruisers, HMS Aurora (12), HMS Penelope (97), HMS Dido (37) and HMS Sirius (82) of the Royal Navy's 12th Cruiser Squadron, accompanied by the minelayer HMS Abdiel (M39) and the American cruiser USS Boise (CL-47), all commanded by Commodore W.G. Agnew. If the landing was successful, the British 78th Infantry Division in Sicily and the 8th Indian Infantry Division in the Middle East, would be sent to reinforce the airborne division, under the command of V Corps.

Landing

Before leaving Tunisia, the 1st Airborne Division was divided into two-halves. The first half, consisting of the divisional headquarters, the 1st and 4th Parachute Brigade groups and the 9th Field Company, Royal Engineers, boarded the Royal Navy ships at Bizerta. The ships departed at 17:00 on 8 September, their decks loaded with the division's vehicles and stores. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham was concerned that the Italian battle fleet based at Taranto might sortie and attack the cruisers which would be unable to defend themselves adequately, overloaded as they were with troops and equipment. He therefore ordered the battleships HMS Howe (32) and HMS King George V (41) and their six escorting destroyers, commanded by Vice Admiral Arthur Power, to leave their base in Malta and join the flotilla. At 18:30 8 September, while the convoy was at sea, General Dwight D. Eisenhower broadcast the details of the Italian surrender.

To support the British landings early on 9 September, Scanzano was attacked by American B-26 Marauders from the 17th and 310th Bombardment Groups. Then, just as the Allied flotilla approached Taranto, the Italian battleships ITALIAN BATTLESHIP Andrea Doria and ITALIAN BATTLESHIP Duilio and three cruisers were observed leaving the harbour. The flotilla went to action stations, but the Italian ships just sailed past them en route to Malta to surrender in accordance with the agreement between the Allies and the Italian government. At 15:00, the flotilla reached the minefield guarding the entrance to Taranto. The destroyer HMS Javelin (F61) negotiated the minefield and entered the harbour. Two hours later, Javelin returned with an Italian harbour pilot on board. HMS Penelope and USS Boise were guided safely into the harbour and alongside the jetty, where they disembarked the troops they were carrying, while the other ships in the flotilla remained outside the port and used small ship's boats to take their soldiers ashore. The port's facilities were all in working order and were soon unloading the ships.

The first units ashore were the headquarters of the 4th Parachute Brigade and the 10th Parachute Battalion, which were directed to move inland to guard against a German attack. When the airborne division troops entered the city, they were welcomed by the Italian garrison and informed that the German forces had already departed. When the two brigades were offloaded, they passed through the city and set up defensive positions to the north. At the same time, Major-General George F. Hopkinson established his divisional headquarters in the Albergo Europa Hotel and accepted the Italian surrender from the military governor.

After safely landing the first half of the division, the 12th Cruiser Squadron returned to Bizerta to collect the remaining troops, consisting of the 2nd Parachute Brigade, the 1st Airlanding Brigade and the Glider Pilot Regiment. The only casualties in the landing occurred on 10 September when HMS Abdiel, while manoeuvring alongside the dock, struck a mine and sank. Casualties totaled 58 killed and 154 wounded from the 6th (Royal Welch) Parachute Battalion, and 48 dead among Abdiel's crew. Abdiel was also carrying twelve 6 pounder anti-tank guns of the 2nd Anti-tank Battery, and the division's reserve ammunition supply.

Overnight, the 4th Parachute Brigade led the advance inland. By daybreak on 10 September, they had reached Massafra, where they were welcomed by the population. The next town they reached was Mottola, which was still occupied by the Germans. The Germans put up some resistance to the 156th Parachute Battalion's assault, but withdrew soon after. The division's first combat casualties resulted from this action. The wounded were evacuated to Taranto, where the 133rd (Parachute) Field Ambulance had established an 80-bed main dressing station at the Rendinella hospital.

The German paratroop rearguard tried to delay the British advance with several ambushes and roadblocks. At a roadblock beside the town of Castellaneta, Major-General Hopkinson, the 1st Airborne Division's GOC, was hit by a burst of German machine gun fire while observing the 10th Parachute Battalion's attack. He died of his wounds the following day. Hopkinson was replaced as the divisional commander by Brigadier Ernest Down, previously the commander of the 2nd Parachute Brigade.

Within 48 hours of landing at Taranto, the airborne division reached and occupied the port of Brindisi and Bari on the Adriatic coast without opposition since both cities were still under control of the Italian royal army. On 11 September on the division's left, contact was made with the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, the leading unit of the British Eighth Army which had arrived in the area from Calabria. By the evening of 12 September, the 1st Airborne Division had advanced 20 mi inland on foot.

The airborne division's next objective was now the airfield at Gioia del Colle. The Royal Air Force needed the airfield to bring in fighter aircraft from Sicily and support the landings at Salerno, which had not gone as expected. The Germans continued their withdrawal, and Gioia was reached over the night of the 16/17 September, by the 10th and 156th Parachute battalions. The Royal Air Force took over the airfield and 48 hours later, six squadrons were flying from the base in support of Allied operations. Between 20 and 24 September, the 1st Airborne Division was ordered to halt and construct defences on the approaches to Taranto, due to concerns that the Germans might launch a counterattack against the overextended unit.

The V Corps headquarters landed at Taranto on 18 September and prepared for the arrival of its two divisions. The first was the British 78th Infantry Division, which started arriving at Bari on 22 September, followed by the 8th Indian Infantry Division at Taranto the next day. On 24 September, the 1st Parachute and 1st Airlanding brigades took over the advance for the airborne division. By 27 September, they and the 78th Division reached Foggia, 125 mi from Taranto. From there, the airborne division was withdrawn to Taranto. By November, most of the 1st Airborne Division had left for England.

Aftermath
Operation Slapstick did not provide the diversion General Eisenhower had hoped for. The decision by Heidrich not to oppose the landings was made without reference to Kesselring's headquarters. Heidrich had expected to be confronted by an overwhelming Allied force and had withdrawn his units north, although he endeavoured to delay the Allied advance where possible by ambushes and roadblocks. The German division went on to frustrate the Allied attempt to advance on Rome during the Battle of Monte Cassino in 1944.

title: Operation Slapstick


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Municipalities of Tabasco

Tabasco is a state in Southeast Mexico that is divided into 17 municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, it has the 20th largest population with inhabitants and is the 24th largest by land area spanning 24738 km2.

Municipalities in Tabasco are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal), by a plurality voting system, who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) which is responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.

The largest municipality by population is Centro, with 683,607 residents while the smallest is Jonuta with 30,798 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Huimanguillo which spans 3729.692 km2, and the smallest is Jalpa de Méndez with 370.827 km2. Tabasco has kept the same number of municipalities since 1883, one of the few Mexican states without recent changes.

title: Municipalities of Tabasco


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Baron Kensington

Baron Kensington is a title that has been created three times, in the Peerages of England, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

English title (1623)
The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1623 when the Honourable Henry Rich was made Baron Kensington. He was the younger son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick (see Earl of Warwick for earlier history of the Rich family). Henry was made Earl of Holland in 1624. His son, the second Earl, succeeded as 5th Earl of Warwick on the death of his cousin in 1673. These titles all became extinct on the death of Edward Rich, 5th Baron Kensington, 5th Earl Holland and 8th Earl Warwick, in 1759 (see Earl of Warwick for a more detailed description of the descent of the titles). The barony was revived in 1776 for a female-line grandson of the fifth Earl of Warwick (see below).

Irish title (1776)
Lady Elizabeth Rich, only daughter of Robert Rich, 5th Earl of Warwick, married Francis Edwardes, Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest from 1722 to 1725, and the member of a family which owned extensive lands in Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire. Their son William Edwardes represented Haverfordwest in the House of Commons for over fifty years. He succeeded to the Rich family estates (including Holland House in Kensington, although this was sold to Henry Fox in 1768) on the death of the last of Earl of Warwick and Holland in 1759. In 1776 the barony of Kensington attached to the earldom of Holland was revived when he was made Baron Kensington in the Peerage of Ireland. The first Baron was succeeded by his son, William, the second Baron, who also represented Haverfordwest in Parliament. The second Baron's son, William, the third Baron, served as Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire. The third Baron was succeeded by his son, the fourth Baron.

UK title (1886)
William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington, sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest from 1868 to 1885 and served as a government whip under William Ewart Gladstone from 1880 to 1885. In 1886, he was created Baron Kensington, of Kensington in the County of Middlesex, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave the holder an automatic seat in the House of Lords up until 1999. His eldest son, the fifth Baron of the Irish Peerage, who now also became the second Baron of the United Kingdom Peerage, served in the Second Boer War and died from wounds received in action in June 1900. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth and third Baron. He was a Colonel in the Territorial Army and also fought in South Africa as well as in the First World War. the titles are held by his grandson, the eighth and fifth Baron, who succeeded his uncle in 1981.

Baron Kensington, first creation (1623)

 * Henry Rich, 1st Baron Kensington (1590–1649) (created Earl of Holland in 1624)

Earl Holland (1624)

 * Henry Rich, 1st Earl Holland (1590–1649)
 * Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Holland, 5th Earl of Warwick (c. 1620 – 1675) (inherited the title of Earl of Warwick in 1673)
 * Edward Rich, 3rd Earl of Holland, 6th Earl of Warwick (1673–1701)
 * Edward Henry Rich, 4th Earl of Holland, 7th Earl of Warwick (1697–1721)
 * Edward Henry Rich, 5th Earl of Holland, 8th Earl of Warwick (1695–1759)

Baron Kensington, second and third creations (1776, 1886)
The heir apparent is the present baron’s son, William Francis Ivor Edwardes (born 1993).
 * William Edwardes, 1st Baron Kensington (c. 1711–1801)
 * William Edwardes, 2nd Baron Kensington (1777–1852)
 * William Edwardes, 3rd Baron Kensington (1801–1872)
 * William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington, 1st Baron Kensington of Kensington (1835–1896)
 * William Edwardes, 5th Baron Kensington, 2nd Baron Kensington of Kensington (1868–1900)
 * Hugh Edwardes, 6th Baron Kensington, 3rd Baron Kensington of Kensington (1873–1938)
 * William Edwardes, 7th Baron Kensington, 4th Baron Kensington of Kensington (1904–1981)
 * Hugh Ivor Edwardes, 8th Baron Kensington, 5th Baron Kensington of Kensington (1933–2018)
 * William Owen Alexander Edwardes, 9th Baron Kensington, 6th Baron Kensington of Kensington (born 1964)

Book cited

 * Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
 * Whittakers Almanac (2011)
 * Whittakers Almanac (2011)
 * Whittakers Almanac (2011)
 * Whittakers Almanac (2011)

title: Baron Kensington


text:
Jerry Ross

Jerry Ross may refer to:

 * Jerry Ross (painter) (born 1944), Gerald, American painter
 * Jerry Ross (composer) (1926–1955), Jerold, American lyricist and composer
 * Jerry L. Ross (born 1948), U.S. Air Force officer and former NASA astronaut
 * Jerry Ross (record producer) (1933–2017), American songwriter and producer, founder of Heritage Records

title: Jerry Ross


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The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is the first book in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy comedy science fiction "trilogy of five books" by Douglas Adams, with a sixth book written by Eoin Colfer. The novel is an adaptation of the first four parts of Adams's radio series of the same name, centering on the adventures of the only man to survive the destruction of Earth; while roaming outer space, he comes to learn the truth behind Earth's existence. The novel was first published in London on 12 October 1979. It sold 250,000 copies in the first three months.

The namesake of the novel is The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a fictional guide book for hitchhikers (inspired by the Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe) written in the form of an encyclopaedia.

Plot summary
The novel opens with an introduction describing the human race as a primitive and deeply unhappy species, while also introducing an electronic encyclopedia called the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy which provides information on every planet in the galaxy. Earthman and Englishman Arthur Dent awakens in his home in the West Country to discover that the local planning council is trying to demolish his house to build a bypass, and lies down in front of the bulldozer to stop it. His friend Ford Prefect convinces the lead bureaucrat to lie down in Arthur's stead so that he can take Arthur to the local pub. The construction crew begin demolishing the house anyway, but are interrupted by the sudden arrival of a fleet of spaceships. The Vogons, the callous race of civil servants running the fleet, announce that they have come to demolish Earth to make way for a hyperspace expressway, and promptly destroy the planet. Ford and Arthur survive by hitching a ride on the spaceship, much to Arthur's amazement. Ford reveals to Arthur he is an alien researcher for the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, from a small planet in the vicinity of Betelgeuse who has been posing as an out-of-work actor from Guildford for 15 years, and this was why they were able to hitch a ride on the alien ship. They are quickly discovered by the Vogons, who torture them by forcing them to listen to their poetry and then toss them out of an airlock.

Meanwhile Zaphod Beeblebrox, Ford's "semi-cousin" and the President of the Galaxy, steals the spaceship Heart of Gold at its unveiling with his human companion, Trillian. The Heart of Gold is equipped with an "Infinite Improbability Drive" that allows it to travel instantaneously to any point in space by simultaneously passing through every point in the universe at once. However, the Infinite Improbability Drive has a side effect of causing impossible coincidences to occur in the physical universe. One of these improbable events occurs when Arthur and Ford are rescued by the Heart of Gold as it travels using the Infinite Improbability Drive. Zaphod takes his passengers — Arthur, Ford, a depressed robot named Marvin, and Trillian — to a legendary planet named Magrathea. Its inhabitants were said to have specialized in custom-building planets for others and to have vanished after becoming so rich that the rest of the galaxy became poor. Although Ford initially doubts that the planet is Magrathea, the planet's computers send them warning messages to leave before firing two nuclear missiles at the Heart of Gold. Arthur inadvertently saves them by activating the Infinite Improbability Drive improperly, which also opens an underground passage. As the ship lands, Trillian's pet mice Frankie and Benjy escape.

On Magrathea, Zaphod, Ford, and Trillian venture down to the planet's interior while leaving Arthur and Marvin outside. In the tunnels, Zaphod reveals that his actions are not a result of his own decisions, but instead motivated by neural programming that he was seemingly involved in but has no memory of. As Zaphod explains how he discovered this, the trio are trapped and knocked out with sleeping gas. On the surface, Arthur is met by a resident of Magrathea, a man named Slartibartfast, who explains that the Magratheans have been in stasis to wait out an economic recession. They have temporarily reawakened to reconstruct a second version of Earth commissioned by mice, who were in fact the most intelligent species on Earth. Slartibartfast brings Arthur to Magrathea's planet construction facility, and shows Arthur that in the distant past, a race of "hyperintelligent, pan-dimensional beings" created a supercomputer named Deep Thought to determine the answer to the "Ultimate Question to Life, the Universe, and Everything." Deep Thought eventually found the answer to be 42, an answer that made no sense because the Ultimate Question itself was not known. Because determining the Ultimate Question was too difficult even for Deep Thought, an even more advanced supercomputer was constructed for this purpose. This computer was the planet Earth, which was constructed by the Magratheans, and was five minutes away from finishing its task and figuring out the Ultimate Question when the Vogons destroyed it. The hyperintelligent superbeings participated in the program as mice, performing experiments on humans while pretending to be experimented on.

Slartibartfast takes Arthur to see his friends, who are at a feast hosted by Trillian's pet mice. The mice reject as unnecessary the idea of building a new Earth to start the process over, deciding that Arthur's brain likely contains the Ultimate Question. They offer to buy Arthur's brain, leading to a fight when he declines. The group manages to escape when the planet's security system goes off unexpectedly, but immediately run into the culprits: police in pursuit of Zaphod. The police corner Zaphod, Arthur, Ford and Trillian, and the situation seems desperate as they are trapped behind a computer bank that is about to explode from the officers' weapons firing. However, the police officers suddenly die when their life-support systems short-circuit. Suspicious, Ford discovers on the surface that Marvin became bored and explained his view of the universe to the police officers' spaceship, causing it to commit suicide. The five leave Magrathea and decide to go to The Restaurant at the End of the Universe.

Illustrated edition
The Illustrated Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a specially designed book made in 1994. It was first printed in the United Kingdom by Weidenfeld & Nicolson and in the United States by Harmony Books (who sold it for $42.00). It is an oversized book, and came in silver-foil "holographic" covers in both the UK and US markets. It features the first appearance of the 42 Puzzle, designed by Adams himself, a photograph of Adams and his literary agent Ed Victor as the two space cops, and many other designs by Kevin Davies, who has participated in many Hitchhiker's related projects since the stage productions in the late 1970s. Davies himself appears as Prosser. This edition is out of print – Adams bought up many remainder copies and sold them, autographed, on his website.

Audiobook adaptations
There have been three audiobook recordings of the novel. The first was an abridged edition (ISBN 0-671-62964-6), recorded in the mid-1980s by Stephen Moore, best known for playing the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in the radio series, LP adaptations and in the TV series. In 1990, Adams himself recorded an unabridged edition for Dove Audiobooks (ISBN 1-55800-273-1), later re-released by New Millennium Audio (ISBN 1-59007-257-X) in the United States and available from BBC Audiobooks in the United Kingdom. Also by arrangement with Dove, ISIS Publishing Ltd produced a numbered exclusive edition signed by Douglas Adams (ISBN 1-85695-028-X) in 1994. To tie-in with the 2005 film, actor Stephen Fry, the film's voice of the Guide, recorded a second unabridged edition (ISBN 0-7393-2220-6).

Television series
The popularity of the radio series gave rise to a six-episode television series, directed and produced by Alan J. W. Bell, which first aired on BBC 2 in January and February 1981. It employed many of the actors from the radio series and was based mainly on the radio versions of Fits the First through Sixth. A second series was at one point planned, with a storyline, according to Alan Bell and Mark Wing-Davey that would have come from Adams's abandoned Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen project (instead of simply making a TV version of the second radio series). However, Adams got into disputes with the BBC (accounts differ: problems with budget, scripts, and having Alan Bell involved are all offered as causes), and the second series was never made. Elements of Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen were instead used in the third novel, Life, the Universe and Everything.

The main cast was the same as the original radio series, except for David Dixon as Ford Prefect instead of McGivern, and Sandra Dickinson as Trillian instead of Sheridan.

Film adaptation
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy was adapted into a science fiction comedy film directed by Garth Jennings and released on 28 April 2005 in the UK, Australia and New Zealand, and on the following day in the United States and Canada. It was rolled out to cinemas worldwide during May, June, July, August and September.

The deliberately misnamed Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy "Trilogy" consists of six books (a hexalogy). Although the series was called a trilogy by readers, the word "trilogy" does not appear on the cover of the first three books and was not used until the publication of the fourth one. The first five books of the series were written by Adams:

 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1979)
 * The Restaurant at the End of the Universe (1980)
 * Life, the Universe and Everything (1982)
 * So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish (1984)
 * Mostly Harmless (1992)

On 16 September 2008 it was announced that Irish author Eoin Colfer would continue the series with a sixth novel. This book, entitled And Another Thing..., was published in October 2009, on the 30th anniversary of the publication of the original novel.

Reception
Greg Costikyan reviewed The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy in Ares Magazine #6 and commented that "The Hitchhiker's Guide is written with superb English wit, far more humorous than any American sitcom." The Pequod rated the book a 9.5 (out of 10.0) and called it "an ingeniously silly sci-fi satire... It may not add up to much, but the jokes keep coming fast and furiously, and its enormous cultural influence ("Don’t Panic," etc.) proves to be well-earned."

Legacy
The "Babel fish", a creature used in the novel that feeds on brainwaves and can instantly translate alien languages, inspired the name of Babel Fish, the first free online language translator, which launched in 1997.

Radiohead's song "Paranoid Android" (1997) was named after Marvin's nickname, and the album it appears on, OK Computer, is part of a line spoken by Zaphod to Eddie, the Heart of Gold's computer.

The Trillian instant messaging app (2000–) was named after a character of the series.

Towel Day is celebrated every year on 25 May as a tribute to Douglas Adams by his fans. On this day, fans openly carry a towel with them to demonstrate their appreciation for Adams and the book series. The commemoration was first held 25 May 2001, two weeks after Adams' death on 11 May.

When Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster was launched into space on the maiden flight of the Falcon Heavy rocket in February 2018, it had the words DON'T PANIC on the dashboard display and carried amongst other items a copy of the novel and a towel.

In 2022, the novel was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

The novel's popularity (or the entire Hitchhikers franchise) has contributed to many homages and references involving the number 42, ranging from numerous mentions in pop culture to frequent mentions of the novel whenever the number 42 is addressed in Western media.

Awards

 * Number one on the Sunday Times bestseller list (1979)
 * Author received the "Golden Pan" (From his publishers for reaching the 1,000,000th book sold) (1984)
 * Waterstone's Books/Channel Four's list of the 'One Hundred Greatest Books of the Century', at number 24. (1996)
 * BBC's "Big Read", an attempt to find the "Nation's Best-loved book", ranked it number four. (2003)


text:
Talk:David Allan Coe

Racist, Sexist, Homophobic?
I deleted "Leroy the big lipped nigger" from his discography. That's one as wrong as attributing The Gourd's cover of Gin and Juice to Phish.

Moved from the article: after the sentence Exposure to any one of these songs by itsself might convince the listener he is completely prejudiced but a more extensive study would show he most likely intended on offending everyone equally. the following was added anonymously

 * What the hell does this last sentence mean? Sure he offends everyone equally if you mean everyone EXCEPT other racist, sexist and homophobic white males. This last subsection surely would not be offended.

 * Is he homophobic? He sang against Anita Bryant, who campaigned against gay adoption. -LtNOWIS 03:35, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

i saw david allan coe in concert several years ago. let's just say that he left certain songs out...

Gringo300 02:47, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

For balance it should be mentioned that Requiem for a Harlequin contains many strong anti-racism, pro-civil rights statements. 76.115.59.36 (talk) 17:30, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

This is not a David Allan Coe Fan Page, this is an encyclopedia entry
User:Alsayid has been rewriting and choppng out huge swaths of the page on Coe's song Nigger Fucker all day and has now come here to remove the entire "Controversy" section of this article.

The controversy surrounding "Nigger Fucker" is unflattering to Coe, but Wikipedia was not created for the purpose of casting Coe into a favourable light with as little as possible reference to the controversy he himself has created.

Compare, for example, the article on Mircea Eliade, where both Eliade's acclaimed accomplishments -- and clear examples of the controversy surrounding his use of racial epithets -- co-exist side-by side. If such can be done for Professor Eliade, why not for singer Coe?

Coe (like Eliade) has never apologized for what he wrote; he has merely tried (like Eliade) to distance himself from it. It does Coe no service to remove or reduce references to Coe's obviously adult, mature, and considered decision to write, record, and release a song called Nigger Fucker. Coe claims the song is satire, and wishes to leave it at that, but the fact is that to many people it does NOT appear to be a satire. They believe it is actually racist and their reaction to that bellief is genuine:
 * Anti-racists who dislike the song because they consider it racist refuse to book Coe or buy his music.
 * Racists who like the song because they think it is racist have proudly stated (falsely) that Coe "secretly" is also the pseudonymous racist singer Johnny Rebel.

This controversy has been ongoing since the song Nigger Fucker came out in 1982 and it is not going to go away. Attempts to eliminate all mention of the word racist from these pages -- as has been done several times today at the Nigger Fucker page -- are misguided, as is this latest attempt to remove the subhead "controversy" from this page and relegate the controversy to the subhead titled "style".

Is it Coe's STYLE to be racist? i think not. That is why the material on his racist song was taken out of the STYLE section and placed in the section on CONTROVERSY.

I wish to bring back some of the material that was on this page before Alsayid chopped it out. I am also asking for mediation here, because Alsayid is not working with me or with anyone else; rather he/she is simply taking out anything that touches on the song Nigger Fucker or on the controversy.

Personally, speaking as a one time David Allan Coe enthusiast, i would much, much rather remembr him for the wit and bravura musicianship of "You Never Even Called Me By My Name" than for the grotesque lyrics about vomiting, big dicks, and pussy in Nigger Fucker, but the two songs have equal claim to fame now, and any encyclopedia entry about Coe that does not give them both their due is presenting a santized and dishonest view of the man's career, in my opinion.

Respectfully, Catherineyronwode 04:07, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Sigh. You still can't stop with the lengthy attacks and misrepresentation, can you?  I have not been chopping "huge swaths" out of the Nigger Fucker entry all day only to come here to remove an entire section.  I edited this article before you started your ceaseless assault on me, and I did so to improve the article.  Further, when I made my initial edit I didn't remove any seperate section at all.  I removed some text, which you, in your anger, largely re-inserted and expanded upon in a new section you created specifically for it.  Neither have I been unwilling to "work" with you or "anyone else".  To the contrary, it is you who IMMEDIATELY began hurling offensive slurs with your first edit to the song article, and warning that you would ask for mediation with your first comment on the talk page!  So... enough with the misrepresentations.  Enough flaming.

 * Getting the facts straight: "Attempts" to remove "all mention of the word racist" have NOT been made by me. The word was clearly kept in the Coe entry, and the entry on the song in question has remained linked to the "racism" category.

 * A new section under the header "controversy", aside from being created to re-insert an editor's POV on the matter, is not needed. As most of the style section indicates, controversy itself is a good part of Coe's style!

 * The truth of the matter is, Wikipedia articles have nothing to do with "casting" subjects in either a favorable OR a negative light. They should be constructed as NPOV from editors, they should remain focused, and we should all remain mindful of proportion and relavence.  Because you seem intent, ironically enough, on casting Coe in a negative light, you have thrown several of these neutral considerations out the window, not only slandering me, but harming the integrity of the article(s).  I feel the need to remind you that Wikipedia isn't about you or me, and it's not about your own personal opinions or grudges.  --Alsayid 05:14, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

You both need to stop talking about each other. "Comment on the content, not the contributor." See No personal attacks. Hyacinth 07:00, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Hyacinth. I admit that i iinadvertently cast the first stone when i reacted to the addition of Shel Silverstein's name as co-writer of Coe's racist song Nigger Fucker and the removal of half the Nigger Fucker article with an edit-tag that said i was reverting "vandalism". I sincerely thought it to be such.

 * I have apologized for not assuming good faith. My apology has not been accepted.

 * All that having been said, i still object to the mass deletion of content from the Nigger Fucker page, and to the fact that this mass-deletion of content relating to "Controversy" has now spread to the David Allan Coe page as well. Catherineyronwode 16:35, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Calling another editor an "anti-Semite" in one's edit remarks is far from inadvertent. Yes, Catherine cast the first stone.  And I asked her then to please refrain from it.  She cast more stones.  She finally apologized on the other talk page, and I GLADLY accepted it in clear terms! This can be seen by anyone wishing to do so, so I don't understand why she continues to grossly misrepresent me and the sequence of events to other editors.

 * Imagine my surprise, and disappointment, when I came here only hours later to find a fresh attack with many of the same accusations and distortions as before launched against me personally. I feel I have been dragged into defending myself from a witch-hunt Catherine has been trying very hard to get going.  I am more than ready, as stated on the other talk page, to move away from arguing over me personally whenever she is.  It is as uncomfortable for me as I am sure it is for others having to read it.  Let's please be adults, and calmly discuss the article topics rather than each other. --Alsayid 18:14, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

I'm surprised that no one has mentioned "Nigger Hatin' Me" or "Damn, I Wish I Was a Nigger", some of Coe's more odious songs. While he is a well-known, and pretty good, mainstream Country songwriter, he has also penned and recorded some of country's best-known racist anthems which can be found on juke boxes around the country, unfortunately. Njsamizdat (talk) 00:02, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

The reason those songs are not mentioned is because Coe did NOT write or perform them. They are Johnny Rebel songs commonly and mistakenly attributed to Coe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.3.114.57 (talk) 20:52, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Glen Campbell Controversy
(Coe also fumed about Glen Campbell's success with the song "Rhinestone Cowboy".)

Um...maybe some citation for this, otherwise I think it should be deleted...x_C.H. 00:13, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

How about mentioning DAC's lies in the controversy section?
I love David Allan Coe's music. But boy does he have the tendency to tell some REAL whoppers! At 3 concerts I was at he said he wrote the song "Rollin' in My Sweet Baby's Arms". That song was first recorded in the 30s, I think. He also claimed in one of his books to have had a black guitarist named "Jim" in his band in the 60s, and by golly, that turned out to be Jimi Hendrix. He also mentions that he was friends with Charles Manson in reform school. There are more but I can't think of them right now.

Musicians performing at concerts are there to entertain the crowd, therefore anything they say during those those times shouldn't be taken seriously. It would be lying if he made those claims during an interview to the media. MoonLoaf (talk) 01:30, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * This should be re-written: "Napster added to the confusion regarding Coe's racist songs by mislabeling offensive works by other artists, especially Johnny Rebel, whose songs are often mistakenly attributed to Coe." That is incorrect. Napster didn't label anything. Individual users of the Napster service might have mis-labeled songs that wound up in Napster's database, but Napster had nothing to do with that. K8 fan (talk) 06:16, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

Glen Campbell and Rhinestone Cowboy
Just out of curiosity, why did David Allan Coe "fume" over Glen Campbell's success with the song "Rhinestone Cowboy"???? I missed it before it was deleted, and I'm curious. Anyone? Duprees62 18:25, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

The reason it got deleted is because nobody found any evidence that he really did "fume" over the success of the song. However we just assume he did because David Allan Coe released his third album "Mysterious Rhinestone Cowboy" in 1973 and went by that persona all over nashville for years before the album and before Glen Campbell recorded his cut of the Larry Weiss song "Rhinestone Cowboy" in 1975 and got famous because of it. Help any?

x_C.H. 00:26, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps fueling this is DAC's lyric in "Ride em Cowboy": "I've always been the rhinestone cowboy I don't care what glen campbell has to say"

David mentions this in one of his live DVDs - I think it's the live at Billy Bob's DVD (not sure) where he talks about being upset that the hall of fame won't admit him. He also claims he invented the term "rhinestone cowboy" and is more upset with people attributing that label to Campbell than actually at Campbell. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.43.86.92 (talk) 01:50, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Before David was famous, he would hang around the back doors of Nashville venues after concerts while wearing a jacket covered in Rhinestones. People would automatically assume he was an entertainer, and he used that to work his way into country music. I read that in a short magazine article somewhere. 213.29.115.6 (talk) 22:09, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Song Writing Credits
This is a little known list of recordings where David Allan Coe is credited with or claims some writing involvement or influence.

1)Take this Job and Shove It 2)Would You Lay With Me in a Field of Stone 3)Willie,Waylon and me 4) Long Haired Redneck 5)Jack Daniel's If You Please 6)If That Aint Country 7)Need a Little Time Off For Bad Behaivior 8)Don't Cry Darlin' 9)If I Could Climb The Walls of This Bottle 10. Single Father 11. Letter to my Daughters 12. Son of the South/Detroit 13. New Orleans 14. Greener than the grass we laid on 15. Family Reunion

''PLEASE HELP COMPILE!'

The Rodeo Song is not DAC
I just wanted to point out that "The Rodeo Song" is neither written by, or made famous by DAC. It was written by Gaye Delorme and performed by the Canadian group Showdown. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.50.33.110 (talk) 20:53, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

David Allan Coe; Health
Recently attended a concert; has he had a stroke? At the end he was helped off the stage and used a four prong cane. Larry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.251.31.98 (talk) 02:12, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

Fraternity
I've added a section about a growing underground fraternity at Spring Hill College in Mobile, of which I am a graduate. The organization and faculty sponsor have gathered quite a following and travels to every Coe concert within 500 miles (sometimes further). Like most fraternities it is a glorified drinking club, but has many facets and mechanics of normal fraternities. Jones629 (talk) 19:03, 28 February 2011 (UTC)Jones629 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jones629 (talk • contribs) 16:22, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Hopefully the article a colleague of mine cited to gives this section substantial verifiability. Jones629 (talk) 20:05, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

 * The student-written article says 35 members of the "glorified drinking club" showed up at a pledge drive attended by the subject of the column, a college professor. This is an unreliable source for a non-notable group at a non-event, and does not belong in an encyclopedic biography, even if they attend every David Allan Coe performance in Alabama. I'm sure plenty of frats go to concerts; they don't get their own Wikipedia section. Blackguard  00:12, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * So an encyclopedic biography shouldn't mention a "frat" that was founded specifically to support David Allan Coe? I'm not objecting Blackguard because I see your (rudely put) point. Perhaps when the group gains a good deal more notoriety and a more substantial membership base, it can be included. Jones629 (talk) 03:26, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, an encyclopedic biography shouldn't mention a frat such as you described merely because one exists. It must have significance to the article; the article should be incomplete without such a mention.  The policy regarding this is laid out in the policy guidelines WP:HTRIV and WP:UNDUE, where it is specified, among other things, that items in an article must meet criteria of significance or meaning and not be merely vaguely interesting peripheral matters.  WP is, of course, crowded with examples of the disregard of these guidelines, but that is not of itself permission to overlook them.  I hope this helps. Monkeyzpop (talk) 06:17, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks.Jones629 (talk) 15:48, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

Invalid links
Nothing Sacred and Underground Album link to article. Mitch 3000 04:19, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

David Allan Coe's Song House We've Been Callin' Home on DACoe's Rides Again Album
I am Jessi on David's Song, "House We've Been Callin' Home." I've read the articles on him and he is not a psycopath, believe me. He's very nice and I've known him since I was 18. We met at the Texas Opry House in Houston, TX in 1970's! From then I was always on his guest list at Guilley's and The Nesadel in Pasadena or wherever he played. I helped him at a hotel once, but never slept with him, and he told me at a Nesadel concert that "Your going with me on the bus when we leave" and to "go sell his T-shirts with MeeMee" and I did. During the concert I asked MeeMee for a break and went up by the stage to see him and a friend of his (a biker) hit on me and I told him no and he got real mad and told me to get back their with the rest of the c's! I was so upset I sat at a table and had a drink for a bit and when the show was over Dave got on the bus and I didn't get on. I didn't see him for about 6 months and left for Los Angeles. David called my moms home in Highlands, TX at the time and she told him I was gone. I saw him last with my husband of 17 yrs at him and Willie Nelson's last concert in 2007 where I lived at the time, personal, and we went backstage and took pictures..they are posted on my FaceBook page and my husband took them. He asked Kim to marry him the following year and I'm very happy for them. There was a lot of controversy I read online about his song, "House We've Been Callin' Home" that my name is in that he had three wives..this is not true. He's only had one wife at a time! He's a good man and I'll always love him as a friend. So that is the story of me and Davied Allan Coe. All u people that put him down are wrong; if you don't have something nice to say..don't say it! Respectfully, Jessi Jennings aka Geri Fedorovich — Preceding unsigned comment added by JessiJennings (talk • contribs) 14:21, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Controversy
The mistake in having a section in articles for "controversies" is that musicians are not known for controversial events or lyrics, they are known for their music, and creating an entire section to focus solely on minor aspects of their life violates WP:NPOV. I deleted the exaggerations and untruths and merged the stuff about his underground albums into his biography, which is how these aspects of Coe's life and career should be treated. WTF (talk) 14:00, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

Navbox
I added a navbox, hope it helps with this article. I'm sure many additions could be made to the related articles but I'm also not the DAC expert, any additions there would be appreciated. Should all the compilations remain in the navbox or would it be better to not include them? UselessToRemain (talk) 23:50, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Mormon
Why is there no information about him being Mormon? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.44.56.161 (talk) 16:07, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Relationship with Eli Radish and Danny Sheridan
In 1970-1971 I lived in Cleveland, and Eli Radish, featuring bass player/bandleader Danny Sheridan (who would go on to have a moderately illustrious career) was one of my favorite bands. They played a kind of proto-country rock influenced by Gram Parsons and the Youngbloods. It's a long time ago, but I pretty clearly remember DAC playing in Eli Radish, either as a band member or as a guest. If this is correct it should be in the article. 67.173.10.34 (talk) 00:26, 21 January 2013 (UTC)Larry Siegel

Wow coe when he sings you can remember why jr and nelson sought him out wow coe — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:302:D187:D800:353C:B1A4:DF7C:E530 (talk) 02:40, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

What is allmusic doing in an encyclopedia?
Wikipedia's credibility is damaged by citing purely, purely editorial content from a publication such as allmusic. As I type this in May 2016 there are numerous references to allmusic.

Cite Rolling Stone. Cite any _printed_ sold-on-a-newstand newspaper. Cite Saturday Review or any _printed_ magazine. But an online popularity opinion website like allmusic? It should have no place in wikipedia.

After all, this is not a fan page, this is an encyclopedia entry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.119.141.15 (talk) 00:48, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

This article reads like a fan page
Can we get a much stronger edit of this? It’ll be a lot of work, but this page is incredibly biased in favor of Coe. 76.94.5.208 (talk) 05:00, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Probably not, since reading through it appears that the Controversy section has been added and removed multiple times. The last one appears to have possibly been in bad faith. It states that musicians shouldn't have Controversy sections because they're known for their music, not their controversies. You could say that the same thing about most celebrities with Wikipedia pages. If I go to Hartley Sawyer's page, there's a subsection about his controversy so anyone looking for that can find it easily. Doesn't mean it's the primary thing he's known for. In reality, I didn't know who Coe was until I heard about the racism allegations today, and it was a pain to find because of how hard people have worked to hide it in the longer text. It should have its own section or at least subsection. But really, this page reads more like it's written by his fan club or lawyer than by anyone who values encyclopedic standards. 2603:8080:6400:FF8A:99D:F4EB:3D4C:750B (talk) 03:31, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Allan Coe


text:
Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie

Dominic Lee Pudwill Gorie (born May 2, 1957) is a retired United States Navy officer and NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions.

Personal
Gorie was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana. His father, Capt. Paul Pudwill, was killed when the B-47 Stratojet he was flying developed ice on its wings and crashed; Dominic was six years old. He enrolled in the United States Naval Academy where he studied ocean engineering. Following graduation in 1979, he trained as a pilot and served tours of duty aboard the aircraft carriers USS America (CV-66) and USS Coral Sea (CV-43). In 1987, he trained as a test pilot and worked at the Naval Air Test Center until the Gulf War, where, stationed aboard the carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), he flew combat missions in Operation Desert Storm. He currently resides in Salida, Colorado.

Education
Gorie graduated from Miami Palmetto High School in Pinecrest, Florida, in 1975. He then obtained his bachelor of science degree in ocean engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1979, and his master of science degree in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee Space Institute in 1990.

Military

 * Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross (2) one with Combat “V”, Air Medal (2), Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal with Combat “V” (2)

NASA

 * NASA Space Flight Medal (3)

Others

 * National Wrestling Hall of Fame, 2017

Military career
Designated a Naval Aviator in 1981. Flew the A-7E Corsair II with Attack Squadron 46 aboard USS America (CV-66) from 1981 to 1983. Transitioned to Strike Fighter Squadron 132 (VFA-132) in 1983, flying the F/A-18 Hornet aboard USS Coral Sea (CV-43) until 1986. Attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1987 and served as a Test Pilot at the Naval Air Test Center from 1988 to 1990. Then was assigned to VFA-87 flying the F/A-18 aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) until 1992. He participated in Operation Desert Storm, flying 38 combat missions. In 1992 received orders to the U.S. Space Command in Colorado Springs, Colorado for two years before reporting to VFA-106 for F/A-18 refresher training. He was en route to his command tour of VFA-37 when he was selected as an astronaut candidate.

Gorie accumulated over 6,000 hours in more than 35 aircraft and has over 600 carrier landings.

Gorie retired from the U.S. Navy in September 2005.

NASA career
In 1994, Gorie was selected as an astronaut candidate. He first flew as the pilot of mission STS-91 in 1998 and again as pilot on mission STS-99 in 2000. In 2001, Gorie was commander of mission STS-108, a visit to the International Space Station. In 2008, Gorie completed his 4th mission aboard a shuttle with STS-123.

title: Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie


text:
Municipalities of Yucatán

Yucatán is a state in southeastern Mexico that is divided into 106 municipalities, organized into 7 administrative regions. According to the 2020 Mexican census, it is the twenty-second most populated state with inhabitants and the 20th largest by land area spanning 39524.4 km2.

Municipalities in Yucatán are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.

The largest municipality by population is Mérida, with 995,129 residents (42.87% of the state's total), while the smallest is Quintana Roo with 976 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Tizimín which spans 3884.8 km2, and the smallest is Sanahcat with 26.2 km2. The newest municipality is Chikindzonot, established in 1957.

title: Municipalities of Yucatán


text:
Janet L. Kavandi

Janet Lynn Kavandi, a native of Carthage, Missouri, (born July 17, 1959) is an American scientist and a NASA astronaut. She is a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions, served as NASA's Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office, and was the Center Director at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio from March 2016 until her retirement from NASA in September 2019. She was inducted into the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2019.

Kavandi is President of Sierra Space.

Education
Kavandi graduated Valedictorian in 1977 from Carthage Senior High School - Carthage, Missouri. She went on to earn degrees in chemistry from Missouri Southern State College (bachelor's, 1980), the Missouri University of Science and Technology (masters, 1982), and the University of Washington (doctorate, 1990).

Career
Following graduation in 1982, Kavandi accepted a position at Eagle-Picher Industries in Joplin, Missouri, as an engineer in new battery development for defense applications. In 1984, she accepted a position as an engineer in the Power Systems Technology Department of Boeing Defense, Space & Security in Seattle, Washington. She served as the lead engineer of secondary power for the Short Range Attack Missile II, and principal technical staff representative involved in the design and development of thermal batteries for Sea Lance and the Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile. Other programs she supported include Space Station, Lunar and Mars Base studies, Inertial Upper Stage, Advanced Orbital Transfer Vehicle, Getaway Specials, Air Launched Cruise Missile, Minuteman, and Peacekeeper. In 1986, while still working for Boeing, she was accepted into graduate school at the University of Washington, where she began working toward her doctorate in analytical chemistry. Her doctoral dissertation involved the development of a pressure-indicating coating that uses oxygen quenching of porphyrin photoluminescence to provide continuous surface pressure maps of aerodynamic test models in wind tunnels. Her work on pressure indicating paints has resulted in two patents.

NASA career
Kavandi was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in December 1994 and reported to the Johnson Space Center in March 1995. Following an initial year of training, she was assigned to the Payloads and Habitability Branch, where she supported payload integration for the International Space Station. Kavandi served as a mission specialist on STS-91 (June 2–12, 1998), the 9th and final Shuttle-Mir docking mission, concluding the joint U.S./Russian Phase 1 program. Following the mission, she worked as a CAPCOM (spacecraft communicator) in NASA's Mission Control Center. On her second mission, she served aboard STS-99 (February 11–22, 2000), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, which mapped more than 47 million miles of the Earth's land surface to provide data for a highly accurate three-dimensional topographical map.

Kavandi subsequently worked in the Robotics Branch, where she trained on both the shuttle and space station robotic manipulator systems. On her most recent mission, she served aboard STS-104/ISS Assembly Flight 7A (July 12–24, 2001) on the tenth mission to the International Space Station. The shuttle crew installed the joint airlock "Quest" and conducted joint operations with the Expedition 2 crew. Kavandi had trained in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory for spacewalking, but she did not take a spacewalk during STS-104.

Following her last mission, Kavandi again served as lead for the Payloads and Habitability Branch, then as the Branch Chief for the International Space Station (ISS). She was responsible for the training, operations, safety, and habitability of crews on board the ISS, as well as the hardware and software development and design reviews. She was also responsible for the scientific payloads that the ISS crews operate on-orbit and for coordination between international partners for visiting vehicles and associated operations. In 2005, Kavandi accepted a position as Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office and served in that position until February 2008. Following that assignment, she became Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations, and then Director, Flight Crew Operations Johnson Space Center.

A three flight veteran, Kavandi has logged over 33 days in space, traveling over 13.1 million miles in 535 Earth orbits.

In March 2016, Kavandi succeeded Jim Free as the Center Director at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.

In September 2019, she retired from NASA and started at Sierra Nevada Corporation.

Awards and honors

 * National Honor Society, 1977.
 * Valedictorian of Carthage Senior High School, 1977.
 * Presidential Scholarship from Missouri Southern State University, 1977.
 * Graduated magna cum laude from Missouri Southern State University, 1980.
 * Certificates for Team Excellence and Performance Excellence from Boeing Missile Systems, 1991.
 * NASA Space Flight Medals
 * NASA Exceptional Service Medals, 2001 and 2002.
 * NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, 2006.
 * United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, 2019.

title: Janet L. Kavandi


text:
Baron Kilmaine

Baron Kilmaine is a title that has been created twice, both times in the Peerage of Ireland. The first creation came in 1722 in favour of the soldier the Hon. James O'Hara. Two years later he succeeded his father as Baron Tyrawley. However, both titles became extinct on the second Baron Tyrawley's death in 1773 without legitimate sons.

The second creation came in 1789 when Sir John Browne, 7th Baronet, of The Neale, was created Baron Kilmaine, of The Neale in the County of Mayo. He had previously represented Newtownards and Carlow in the Irish House of Commons. His grandson, the third Baron, sat in the House of Lords as an Irish representative peer from 1849 to 1873. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the fourth Baron. He was an Irish Representative Peer from 1890 to 1907, when he killed himself by jumping out of the window of a hotel in Paris. His son, the fifth Baron, sat as an Irish Representative Peer from 1911 to 1946, when he also died by suicide by drinking poison.

The seventh Baron lived in the West Midlands, was a founder of Whale Tankers Ltd, of Ravenshaw, Solihull. His widow, Linda (Lady Kilmaine), is a former High Sheriff of Warwickshire. the titles are held by the latter's only son, John, the eighth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2013. He lives in a Camphill community in South Wales. The seventh Baron served as a Trustee of his son's care home and left a legacy in his will to commission to a state of the art accommodation block to house five individuals with learning disabilities.

The Browne baronetcy, of The Neale in the County of Mayo, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1636 for John Browne. However, he never assumed the title. The baronetcy was actually only assumed for the first time by his great-great-grandson, the sixth Baronet. The latter was succeeded by his younger brother, the seventh Baronet, who was created Baron Kilmaine in 1789.

Two other members of the Browne family have been elevated to the peerage. John Browne, 1st Earl of Altamont (the grandfather of John Browne, 1st Marquess of Sligo), was the grandson of Colonel John Browne, younger son of Sir John Browne, 1st Baronet. Consequently, the present Marquess of Sligo is also in remainder to the Browne baronetcy, of The Neale. Furthermore, Augusta Browne, youngest daughter of the Very Reverend the Hon. Henry Montague Browne, second son of the second Baron Kilmaine, was created Baroness Bolsover in 1880.

This Browne family of Ireland bears the arms Sable, three lions passant in bend argent between four bendlets argent which are the same arms as borne by the English family of Browne, Viscount Montagu, descended from Sir Anthony Browne (c.1500-1548), KG, of Battle Abbey and Cowdray Park, Master of the Horse to King Henry VIII. However no familial connection between the two families is mentioned in The Complete Peerage (1910).

As of 2024, the present holder of the barony has not successfully proven his succession to the baronetcy and is therefore not on the Official Roll of the Baronetage, with the baronetcy considered vacant. However, at least as of 2013, the family remained in possession of Shelfield House, Warwickshire.

Barons Kilmaine, first creation (1722)

 * see the Baron Tyrawley

Browne baronets, of The Neale (1636)

 * Sir John Browne, 1st Baronet (died 1670)
 * Sir George Browne, 2nd Baronet (died 1698)
 * Sir John Browne, 3rd Baronet (died 1711)
 * Sir George Browne, 4th Baronet (died 1737), MP for Castlebar
 * Sir John Browne, 5th Baronet (died 1762)
 * Sir George Browne, 6th Baronet (1725–1765)
 * Sir John Browne, 7th Baronet (1730–1794) (created Baron Kilmaine in 1789)

Barons Kilmaine, second creation (1789)

 * John Browne, 1st Baron Kilmaine (1730–1794)
 * James Caulfeild Browne, 2nd Baron Kilmaine (1765–1825)
 * John Cavendish Browne, 3rd Baron Kilmaine (1794–1873)
 * Francis William Browne, 4th Baron Kilmaine (1843–1907)
 * John Edward Deane Browne, 5th Baron Kilmaine (1878–1946)
 * John Francis Archibald Browne, 6th Baron Kilmaine (1902–1978)
 * John David Henry Browne, 7th Baron Kilmaine (1948–2013)
 * John Francis Sandford Browne, 8th Baron Kilmaine (born 1983)

The heir presumptive is Dr. Mark Caulfield-Browne (born 1966), the present peer's sixth cousin twice removed and a four-times-great-grandson of the Hon. George Browne, youngest son of the first Baron (see succession chart below).

 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] John Browne, 1st Baron Kilmaine (1730–1794)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] James Browne, 2nd Baron Kilmaine (1765–1825)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] John Browne, 3rd Baron Kilmaine (1794–1873)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] Francis Browne, 4th Baron Kilmaine (1843–1907)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] John Browne, 5th Baron Kilmaine (1878–1946)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] John Browne, 6th Baron Kilmaine (1902–1978)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] ''John Browne, 7th Baron Kilmaine (1948–2013)
 * [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] John Browne, 8th Baron Kilmaine (born 1983)
 * Hon. George Browne (1774–1804)
 * Rev. James Caulfeild Browne (1804–1870)
 * Rev. William James Caulfield Browne (1825–1893)
 * Aubrey Caulfeild Browne (1860–1953)
 * Edward James Caulfield Browne (1903–1984)
 * Reginald Malcolm Caulfield-Browne (1928–1998)
 * (1). Dr. Mark Caulfield-Browne (born 1966)
 * (2). Nigel George Caulfeild Browne (born 1947)
 * (3). Matthew John Caulfeild Browne (born 1987)
 * Robin James Caulfeild Browne (1949–2021)
 * (4). Edward Patrick Caulfeild-Browne (born 1972)
 * Christopher Robert Caulfeild-Browne (born 1974)
 * Jason Robin Caulfeild-Browne (born 1987)

The simplified chart above lists those individuals in the line of succession who are nearest in consanguinity to the present peer.

title: Baron Kilmaine