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H2 (manga)

H2 (エイチ・ツー) is a Japanese baseball-themed manga series written and illustrated by Mitsuru Adachi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from July 1992 to November 1999, with its chapters collected in thirty-four tankōbon volumes. It was adapted into a 41-episode anime series and an 11-episode television drama series, H2: Kimi to Ita Hibi, directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi.

As of August 2018, the H2 manga had over 55 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series.

Synopsis
During middle school, Hiro Kunimi (pitcher), Hideo Tachibana (third baseman and 4th batter), and Atsushi Noda (catcher) were friends and teammates on the same baseball team. Thanks to their skills, their school achieved an unbeaten record on their way to consecutive national championships.

In the seventh grade Hiro also played matchmaker to Hideo and Hikari Amamiya, a neighborhood childhood friend who grew up with him as close as a sibling. At this time Hiro, victim of a delayed growth spurt, was a very short, comparatively immature boy, uninterested in girls, and initially happy that he could get the two of them together. Eventually Hiro realized that he too had feelings for Hikari and, once he grew up, Hikari also realized that her affection for Hiro might be something more than sisterly.

As the manga begins Hiro is dealing with a doctor's diagnosis that tells him that, if he continues pitching, his elbow would shatter within three months. Likewise, Noda is diagnosed with a severe back injury by the same doctor, seemingly ending their dreams of Kōshien. Because of this, Hiro and Noda choose to go to Senkawa High School, which lacks a baseball team; Hiro instead joins the soccer team and Noda, the swim team. Their friends, Hikari and Hideo, attend Meiwa Daiichi High School, which boasts one of the top-ranked high school baseball teams in the country.

While Senkawa does not have an official baseball team they do have a baseball "fan club," voluntarily managed by the cute but klutzy Haruka Koga, a girl Hiro keeps running into- literally. While a member of the soccer team, Hiro is drawn into a practice baseball game between the soccer team and Haruka's fan club. Disgusted by the demeaning behavior of his team captain and the pompous 1st year star player, Ryūtaro Kine, (once an accomplished Little League pitcher), Hiro decides to switch sides and pitch "one last game" for the fan club. Joined by Noda, they very nearly come from behind and overcome the soccer team's large advantage in just a couple innings, but do succeed in rallying the demoralized fan club and embarrassing the soccer team.

Soon after it is revealed that the doctor who diagnosed Hiro and Noda was actually a quack and they have no lasting injuries, meaning they can return to playing baseball. Instead of transferring to Meiwa Daiichi or another school with a baseball team they decide to accept their fate and, with the help of the fan club and Haruka, persuade their "baseball-hating" headmaster to establish a proper baseball team. They succeed in this by playing Meiwa Daiichi in a practice game they were not expected to do well in. Although Senkawa ultimately loses the game by a single run (because a Meiwa Daiichi umpire lies about a call to give them the win), the game rekindles the headmaster's former love of baseball and he allows the club to be formed.

Led by novice coach Fujio Koga, Haruka's brother, the team plays their first game as an official team against the Northern Tokyo Division's leading team, Eikyo High School, in what is supposed to be a friendly practice match. Although Eikyo easily wins, the game and stories about the team reveal that the veteran coach and the famed first-year pitcher Hirota share a ruthless "win-by-any-means" game philosophy that includes purposefully injuring rival players and shunning players that do not obey them, no matter how skilled they are.

In their second year, the new baseball club gains three notable members: Sagawa, Shima, and Ohtake. Sagawa is an old friend of Hideo's who also has a reputation as a one-time delinquent, and the latter two are relatives of Hirota, planted by him to destroy Senkawa from within at his command. All eventually grow used to the friendly atmosphere of the Senkawa team and prove to be extremely valuable team members. In the final game of the divisional tournament Senkawa defeats Eikyo, advancing to the National Koshien Tournament, vindicating their style of play and specifically Coach Koga and Sagawa, who were separately both previous victims of the Eikyo coach and Hirota.

Senkawa were set to meet up with Meiwa Daiichi after two opponents in the Koshien tournament, a duel between the friends and rivals: Hiro and Hideo. This is foiled when Senkawa loses in the ninth inning of the second round when Hiro sprains his foot while dodging the opposing pitcher's hand, which was tagging first base directly under his spiked cleats. Meiwa Daiichi went on to win this Summer Tournament.

Around this time Hiro admits to Hikari that he fell in love with her in the eighth grade and still feels strongly for her. Yet at the same time he is also struggling with his feeling for Haruka and does tell her "I love you" after a situation in which he defends her from a fellow student who tried to force himself on her. Although they are much closer after this it is not certain they are officially dating.

Meiwa Daiichi fail to win their division in the Fall tournament, after the departure of their third year players, and are not invited to the Spring invitational Koshien. This leads to Hiro and Senkawa winning the national Spring tournament without facing them.

Between the Spring and Summer tournaments a passing Hikari luckily saves the life of Hiro's mother, whom she found on the floor suffering from an acute appendicitis, but soon after loses her own mother to a sudden and unexplained illness. This devastates both Hikari and Hiro, who loved her as a second mother. Hikari is greatly comforted by a very attentive Hideo but only cries with Hiro.

Right before their last summer tournament starts Hideo tells Hikari that she must choose between him and Hiro once they face each other in what he believes is their fated showdown at Koshien. Sure enough, Senkawa and Meiwa Daiichi both advance to meet in the semi-final match. Hiro only learns that Hideo made this ultimatum to her the night before the game. Hiro keeps Hideo hitless through three at bats and protects a Senkawa 2-0 lead as he faces Hideo for a final showdown with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning. Hideo very nearly hits a home run but it goes barely foul due to a brief gust of wind in the stadium. On the final pitch, Hideo momentarily second-guesses which pitch Hiro is throwing and strikes out, ending the game. As Senkawa celebrates their victory, tears fall from Hiro's eyes, but also from Hikari's eyes as she watches from the stands.

That night, Hideo talks with Hikari and admits his defeat to Hiro but she tells him that she never had the right to choose between them. Hideo then tells her that the loss made him realize that he needs Hikari more than anyone else. They embrace. The next morning, Hiro implies to Haruka that he intends to play baseball as a professional by tossing a paper airplane that he says is "traveling to the major leagues" and Haruka declares her decision to accompany him by saying "then I will be the stewardess," referencing an earlier conversation where she said she wanted to become a stewardess, which she sees as a fitting job for the wife of a baseball player.

Having resolved the real conflicts of the story, the manga ends with Senkawa traveling in their bus to play the final game of the Koshien, never revealing if they win or not.

Characters

 * Hiro Kunimi (国見 比呂)
 * Hiro initially escaped to Senkawa in order to forget baseball. After his elbow was properly diagnosed, he strove to strengthen the newly created Senkawa baseball team as its star pitcher. Although he's blessed with a huge amount of talent since childhood, he's also hard-working and passionate about the sport. This combination results in one of the most monstruous pitchers ever created in the world of fiction. He's a fearsome batter(the third batter of Senkawa's line-up for most of the series) and a first-class fielder. Kunimi also displays inhuman amounts of stamina and focus(during his first Koshien game in the manga, Hideo states that "He could pitch 18 innings and even then get a no-hitter"). Although he throws a great fastball(152km/h by the end of the series, possibly greater - it hit 157km/h in the drama), he has less control over his forkballs. However, since his failed forkballs turn out to be fastballs, it leads to a degree of unpredictability in his pitches. He has also developed a high-speed slider that may only be caught by a professional level catcher. Hiro was responsible for introducing Hikari to Hideo. He has belated romantic feelings for his childhood friend, Hikari Amamiya, and starts to also develop feelings for Senkawa's manager, Koga Haruka.
 * Hiro initially escaped to Senkawa in order to forget baseball. After his elbow was properly diagnosed, he strove to strengthen the newly created Senkawa baseball team as its star pitcher. Although he's blessed with a huge amount of talent since childhood, he's also hard-working and passionate about the sport. This combination results in one of the most monstruous pitchers ever created in the world of fiction. He's a fearsome batter(the third batter of Senkawa's line-up for most of the series) and a first-class fielder. Kunimi also displays inhuman amounts of stamina and focus(during his first Koshien game in the manga, Hideo states that "He could pitch 18 innings and even then get a no-hitter"). Although he throws a great fastball(152km/h by the end of the series, possibly greater - it hit 157km/h in the drama), he has less control over his forkballs. However, since his failed forkballs turn out to be fastballs, it leads to a degree of unpredictability in his pitches. He has also developed a high-speed slider that may only be caught by a professional level catcher. Hiro was responsible for introducing Hikari to Hideo. He has belated romantic feelings for his childhood friend, Hikari Amamiya, and starts to also develop feelings for Senkawa's manager, Koga Haruka.
 * Hiro initially escaped to Senkawa in order to forget baseball. After his elbow was properly diagnosed, he strove to strengthen the newly created Senkawa baseball team as its star pitcher. Although he's blessed with a huge amount of talent since childhood, he's also hard-working and passionate about the sport. This combination results in one of the most monstruous pitchers ever created in the world of fiction. He's a fearsome batter(the third batter of Senkawa's line-up for most of the series) and a first-class fielder. Kunimi also displays inhuman amounts of stamina and focus(during his first Koshien game in the manga, Hideo states that "He could pitch 18 innings and even then get a no-hitter"). Although he throws a great fastball(152km/h by the end of the series, possibly greater - it hit 157km/h in the drama), he has less control over his forkballs. However, since his failed forkballs turn out to be fastballs, it leads to a degree of unpredictability in his pitches. He has also developed a high-speed slider that may only be caught by a professional level catcher. Hiro was responsible for introducing Hikari to Hideo. He has belated romantic feelings for his childhood friend, Hikari Amamiya, and starts to also develop feelings for Senkawa's manager, Koga Haruka.

 * Hideo Tachibana (橘 英雄)
 * Hiro's best friend and greatest rival in baseball, they were in the same baseball team in middle school. Hideo has been dating Hikari since middle school, and aims to enter the professional baseball leagues after he graduates from high school. Like Hiro, he's a natural-born genius when it comes to baseball, but that doesn't stop him from working very hard to become even better. A fantastic batter, he becomes the clean-up hitter for Meiwa Daiichi High as a first-year, quickly becoming a national star after that. There's a scene in the manga where Meiwa's coach states that "Letting Hideo face off against high-school pitchers with an aluminium bat in his hands is almost cheating". That only goes to show how skilled Hideo is as a batter.
 * Hiro's best friend and greatest rival in baseball, they were in the same baseball team in middle school. Hideo has been dating Hikari since middle school, and aims to enter the professional baseball leagues after he graduates from high school. Like Hiro, he's a natural-born genius when it comes to baseball, but that doesn't stop him from working very hard to become even better. A fantastic batter, he becomes the clean-up hitter for Meiwa Daiichi High as a first-year, quickly becoming a national star after that. There's a scene in the manga where Meiwa's coach states that "Letting Hideo face off against high-school pitchers with an aluminium bat in his hands is almost cheating". That only goes to show how skilled Hideo is as a batter.
 * Hiro's best friend and greatest rival in baseball, they were in the same baseball team in middle school. Hideo has been dating Hikari since middle school, and aims to enter the professional baseball leagues after he graduates from high school. Like Hiro, he's a natural-born genius when it comes to baseball, but that doesn't stop him from working very hard to become even better. A fantastic batter, he becomes the clean-up hitter for Meiwa Daiichi High as a first-year, quickly becoming a national star after that. There's a scene in the manga where Meiwa's coach states that "Letting Hideo face off against high-school pitchers with an aluminium bat in his hands is almost cheating". That only goes to show how skilled Hideo is as a batter.

 * Hikari Amamiya (雨宮 ひかり)
 * Hiro's childhood friend and Hideo's girlfriend, Hikari dreams of becoming a journalist. She is a member of the archery club, but has once come in as a temporary manager for Meiwa Daiichi's baseball team during the Koshien by Hideo's request. Although she seems happy with Hideo, she seems to have feelings for Hiro as well.
 * Hiro's childhood friend and Hideo's girlfriend, Hikari dreams of becoming a journalist. She is a member of the archery club, but has once come in as a temporary manager for Meiwa Daiichi's baseball team during the Koshien by Hideo's request. Although she seems happy with Hideo, she seems to have feelings for Hiro as well.
 * Hiro's childhood friend and Hideo's girlfriend, Hikari dreams of becoming a journalist. She is a member of the archery club, but has once come in as a temporary manager for Meiwa Daiichi's baseball team during the Koshien by Hideo's request. Although she seems happy with Hideo, she seems to have feelings for Hiro as well.

 * Haruka Koga (古賀 春華)
 * Daughter to the businessman whom Hiro's father works for, she was a high school baseball enthusiast. A hardworking baseball club manager, she played an instrumental role in creating and supporting Senkawa's baseball club. As time goes along, her feelings for Hiro grow more apparent. She dreams of being an air flight stewardess as well as a professional baseballer's wife.
 * Daughter to the businessman whom Hiro's father works for, she was a high school baseball enthusiast. A hardworking baseball club manager, she played an instrumental role in creating and supporting Senkawa's baseball club. As time goes along, her feelings for Hiro grow more apparent. She dreams of being an air flight stewardess as well as a professional baseballer's wife.
 * Daughter to the businessman whom Hiro's father works for, she was a high school baseball enthusiast. A hardworking baseball club manager, she played an instrumental role in creating and supporting Senkawa's baseball club. As time goes along, her feelings for Hiro grow more apparent. She dreams of being an air flight stewardess as well as a professional baseballer's wife.

 * Atsushi Noda (野田 敦)
 * The catcher that makes up Senkawa's battery, Noda is the third person in the friendship of Hideo and Hiro. Fat and lazy, Hiro still acknowledges that Noda is a good catcher:able to make decisions about fielding and understanding the general condition of the team. Likes to joke around a lot and make bad puns, but it's actually a wise and clever person, becoming the captain of Senkawa's baseball team as a sophomore. Noda is Senkawa's clean-up hitter, and although his performance is inconsistent, he's a great batter with a good balance of strength and timing.
 * The catcher that makes up Senkawa's battery, Noda is the third person in the friendship of Hideo and Hiro. Fat and lazy, Hiro still acknowledges that Noda is a good catcher:able to make decisions about fielding and understanding the general condition of the team. Likes to joke around a lot and make bad puns, but it's actually a wise and clever person, becoming the captain of Senkawa's baseball team as a sophomore. Noda is Senkawa's clean-up hitter, and although his performance is inconsistent, he's a great batter with a good balance of strength and timing.
 * The catcher that makes up Senkawa's battery, Noda is the third person in the friendship of Hideo and Hiro. Fat and lazy, Hiro still acknowledges that Noda is a good catcher:able to make decisions about fielding and understanding the general condition of the team. Likes to joke around a lot and make bad puns, but it's actually a wise and clever person, becoming the captain of Senkawa's baseball team as a sophomore. Noda is Senkawa's clean-up hitter, and although his performance is inconsistent, he's a great batter with a good balance of strength and timing.

 * Ryūtaro Kine (木根 竜太郎)
 * Used to play for the Hakusan Angels in primary school until Hideo replaced him. He turned to soccer instead, his athletic ability helping him. He tries to persuade Haruka to give up on her baseball ambitions, but later joins the baseball team in order to get closer with Haruka. Kine acts as leadoff batter and center fielder, and was also pitcher when he was in the Hakusan Angels. As a homage to Kakefu, he does left-handed baseball swings. As Haruka and Hiro's relationship gets better, he plots with Miho in order to split them up. Often used as comic relief by Adachi, he's also portrayed as a good player with a great baseball sense(and a lot of luck). Likes to brag, but also works pretty hard when motivated. Kine is also the best center fielder shown in the series.
 * Used to play for the Hakusan Angels in primary school until Hideo replaced him. He turned to soccer instead, his athletic ability helping him. He tries to persuade Haruka to give up on her baseball ambitions, but later joins the baseball team in order to get closer with Haruka. Kine acts as leadoff batter and center fielder, and was also pitcher when he was in the Hakusan Angels. As a homage to Kakefu, he does left-handed baseball swings. As Haruka and Hiro's relationship gets better, he plots with Miho in order to split them up. Often used as comic relief by Adachi, he's also portrayed as a good player with a great baseball sense(and a lot of luck). Likes to brag, but also works pretty hard when motivated. Kine is also the best center fielder shown in the series.
 * Used to play for the Hakusan Angels in primary school until Hideo replaced him. He turned to soccer instead, his athletic ability helping him. He tries to persuade Haruka to give up on her baseball ambitions, but later joins the baseball team in order to get closer with Haruka. Kine acts as leadoff batter and center fielder, and was also pitcher when he was in the Hakusan Angels. As a homage to Kakefu, he does left-handed baseball swings. As Haruka and Hiro's relationship gets better, he plots with Miho in order to split them up. Often used as comic relief by Adachi, he's also portrayed as a good player with a great baseball sense(and a lot of luck). Likes to brag, but also works pretty hard when motivated. Kine is also the best center fielder shown in the series.

 * Miho Osanai (小山内 美歩)
 * One of the managers for Meiwa Daiichi, she joined in order to get closer to Hideo. However, she fails in this due to Hideo's loyalty to Hikari. She attempts to break them up, but continually fails. She later plots with Kine in order to break up Hideo and Hikari. Their plotting results in both Miho and Kine getting closer.

Baseball teams

 * Senkawa
 * Coached by Fujio Koga, Haruka's brother, the Senkawa team was newly created. However, the presence of Hiro, Atsushi, Yanagi and Kine soon proved that Senkawa was a threat to be considered. In Hiro's second year of high school, 3 notable players joined Senkawa: the fast Osamu, the boxer Ootake, and the shortstop Sagawa Shuuji, a friend of Hideo. In Hiro's third and last highschool year, several well acknowledged first-year players joined Senkawa, but none were focused on explicitly.

 * Meiwa Daiichi
 * Hideo and Hikari's school, Hideo is the star player. Miho is one of the managers of the team, but Hikari sat as manager during the team's Koshien games although she was just a temporary manager. The coach is understanding, and gets along well with Hideo.

 * Eikyo
 * Eikyo's star pitcher, Hirota, is considered one of the best pitchers in the Koshien with his 142 km/h left-handed fastballs. With the backing of the calculative Coach Shiroyama, they were considered serious contenders for the Koshien. Hirota aimed to get to the pros. However, Shiroyama's calculative strategy kept their best catcher, Oogura on the bench.

 * Iba Shogyo
 * The star pitcher, Kohei Tsukigata, and the star hitter, Jin Shimizu, are both fans of Hiro and Hideo respectively. Tsukigata's pitches, and his curveball in particular, are extremely well controlled, and he had the potential to be considered a genius if he had started training early. They defeated Senkawa in the Koshien tournament as Hiro was willing to sacrifice his own leg in order to not hurt Tsukigata's hand.

Manga
H2 is written and illustrated by Mitsuru Adachi. The manga ran in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from July 29, 1992, to November 24, 1999. Shogakukan collected its chapters in thirty-four tankōbon volumes, released from December 12, 1992, to March 18, 2000. Shogakukan re-published the series in seventeen wide-ban volumes, released from August 6, 2004, to March 2, 2005, and twenty bunkoban volumes, released from May 15, 2009, to February 13, 2010.

Anime
A 41-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Ashi Productions was broadcast on TV Asahi between June 1, 1995, and March 21, 1996.

Reception
As of August 2018, the H2 manga had over 55 million copies in circulation. On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150,000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, H2 ranked 72nd.

title: H2 (manga)


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text: Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/August

title: Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/August


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Interstate 235

Interstate 235 is the designation for three Interstate Highways in the United States, all of which are related to Interstate 35:
 * Interstate 235 (Iowa), an east–west route through downtown Des Moines.
 * Interstate 235 (Kansas), a bypass route of Interstate 135 that travels around the western part of Wichita.
 * Interstate 235 (Oklahoma), a 5.4 mi long north–south route from downtown to north-central Oklahoma City.

title: Interstate 235


text: Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December


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Talk:Moscow, Idaho

Psychiana
Should phsychiana be "psychiana" or is this just an idiosyncracy? Dysprosia 08:48, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Shooting (May 19/20, 2007)
how come no one's added anything about the moscow shooting yet? 74.116.186.213 17:32, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Why don't you add something? That's kinda the idea of wikipedia.  --209.234.111.114 03:19, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I put in a small news article (with citations) at the beginning of the article. I plan to move it from the front of the article in a few days. I will update it early this afternoon (unless someone beats me to it) after the 11:00 am press conference. Residents in the community are stunned at this time and saddened at the loss of life and injury to local residents. --Robbie Giles 13:26, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

This is funny; Moscow in Idaho! Never thought that was the name of a city in an American state! Lol! Randalph P. Williams 10:18, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

School list
In addition to reformatting the table for the school list, I removed the physical address of the schools. I would hate to see Wikipedia listed in a news story about "How I found a school to do horrible things there." Yup, paranoid in my old age. --Robbie Giles 02:21, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NSA campus.jpg
Image:NSA campus.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:59, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I will try to get a new image this weekend of the Skattaboe block where NSA is located. That will fix the Fair use problem. --Robbie Giles (talk) 16:35, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

Reversion of edits removing shooting incident
I reverted the two edits which removed all information on the May 2007 shooting in Moscow. I have no real objection to removing it, however, I believe the removal should be discussed first. The news story links are still active and the one-year anniversary of the event is nearing. If editors want to remove it, please make an argument here. --Robbie Giles (talk) 16:46, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, I wrote before actually checking all three links to this section. Two are still valid, but the third is no longer found at that location. I have edited the citations appropriately. --Robbie Giles (talk) 16:54, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

any songs about Moscow?
List of songs about Moscow Thanks.Civic Cat (talk) 18:56, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually there is a song "Moscow Idaho" by The Cassandra Complex. 2A02:560:59D0:3100:E9C0:78C5:95E:53D9 (talk) 18:27, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Missing Art and Community events
Art and Community events (dates, locations, descriptions etc) are missing:

 * Concerts in the park-
 * Farmer's market-Saturday mornings
 * Rendezvous in the park-
 * Renaissance fair-happens every May in East City Park since????
 * Community walk picnic-
 * Light up the night parade-

Many of these events are taking place in East City Park and we think we could get pictures that get more of what's going on.-Karina and Eks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.67.214.194 (talk) 22:11, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

Background to this comment
This is a comment from a Palouse Prairie School student working with me in a project called Learning With Wikipedia. Please provide coaching and ideas, but not direct answers to the questions/problems the students are exploring. My contact information is at the page linked above, the children will remain anonymous editors. Nils Peterson (talk) 16:11, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Suggestion for creating your section
You might want to look at the way they made the table in the Education section on this page and copy it for your section. Consider these column headings If you can add a link from the name of the event to its website, that would be a bonus. Nils Peterson (talk) 22:51, 30 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Event
 * Approx Dates
 * Location
 * Notes

Suggestions for photos for your page
If you want to add photos to the page related to the Arts and Events section, be sure to have permission. You can find a few pictures by Nils Peterson of Farmer's Market, Ren Fair and the Easter Egg Hunt and he'll give permission. Nils Peterson (talk) 23:02, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

The photo at the top of the page isn't Moscow, it's Troy, Idaho — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.87.254.214 (talk) 22:48, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Main Street
Article says "Main Street runs north-south through Moscow along the 117th meridian west" while maps indicate it is Washington Street that is on 117. 2001:56A:F592:2600:D10D:46D9:C924:E75E (talk) 06:49, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

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External links modified
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title: Talk:Moscow, Idaho


text: Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/January


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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October

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Talk:Rosetta (spacecraft)

Rosetta landing
On the main page, the Rosetta landing was described as a "crash-landing" but this article describes it as a slow landing, specifically "The orbiter descended more slowly than Philae did." where Philae's landing was already a "soft landing". http://www.nature.com/news/comet-crash-a-guide-to-rosetta-s-big-finale-1.20682 notes "Rather than disintegrate on impact, the orbiter will perform a gentle crash-landing, striking the comet at a slow walking speed (around 1 metre per second) at 10:40 utc. But because Rosetta is not designed to land, even this could cause its 32-metre-wide solar-panel wings to snap, and the craft to tumble and bounce." Is "crash-landing" the best phrasing? cmɢʟee⎆τaʟκ 13:34, 5 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, because it was not designed to land, it has no landing gear, and some damage was anticipated on contact with subsequent loss of control. BatteryIncluded (talk) 13:53, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

 * I would just call it "landing". It probably got damaged, but we have no way of checking its current status and no way to communicate with it, so it does not really matter. --mfb (talk) 13:53, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

Media coverage and Vangelis
Vangelis released studio album Rosetta which is related to the ESA mission. Think it is relevant information, but didn't know where to edit it in the article so decided for the sub-section "Media coverage". However, as the sub-section is short and the sentence, after an edit, "On 23 September 2016, Vangelis released the studio album Rosetta in honour of the mission" is a bit out of scope, decided to edit information about the final official Livestream event "Rosetta Grand Finale" and hour-long video "Rosetta's final hour" in which was used album's music, thus making the sub-section more cohesive. However, in the reference there is no mention of Vangelis, but in the final video cue to "01:02:19" and "01:013:35" for the relevant bits.--Crovata (talk) 03:41, 6 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I've added the time frame to the Livestream citation. — Huntster (t @ c) 05:39, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

Rosetta flyby anomaly
Article Pioneer anomaly states:

 * "...cause of the Rosetta flyby anomaly..."

I was expecting to find some information about this anomaly in this article, e.g. flyby of which object, when it was measured, what was measured, and some values. And possible explanations.

--Mortense (talk) 18:33, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rosetta (spacecraft)


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User:Seric~enwiki

Seric. Enviromentalist Enviromentalism ELF. Buddhist Buddhism Theravada Mahayana. Producer trance music Electronic Music Synthesizers Computer music. Contact Seric @ KurantFjords at Hotmail D-yot Com.

title: User:Seric~enwiki


text:
3rd Division (Continuation War)

The 3rd Division (3. Divisioona) was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Continuation War. It initially fought in the northern Finland, participating in the Finno-German Operation Arctic Fox. In 1944, it was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus to defend against the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive. Following the Moscow Armistice in 1944, the division was moved to Oulu and participated in the Lapland War.

History
The 3rd Division was the main component of the Finnish III Corps. During the war, the division fought mostly in the Ukhta and Kestenga area, where it participated in Operation Arctic Fox, the Finno-German drive towards the Murmansk railway. During this operation, the division was split into two groups, Group J (Ryhmä J) and Group F (Ryhmä F). Observing the speed of advance of the III Corps, the Germans reinforced Group J with a regiment-sized element of SS-troops. The division's advance was eventually halted after the Soviet 88th Rifle Division entered the area.

In 1944 the division was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus, where it participated in the Finnish defense against the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive. During this time, the division was temporarily reinforced with the 6th Separate Battalion (Erillispataljoona 6). Formed originally by the Germans as Ost-Bataillon 664, the battalion consisted of volunteering, non-prisoner-of-war, Ingrian Finns.

Following the Moscow Armistice in 1944, the division was moved to Oulu. As part of the Lapland War against Germany, the division's Infantry Regiment 11 conducted a landing in Tornio in the morning of October 1st, 1944. Following a successful landing, the regiment was reinforced the next day by Infantry Regiment 53, also from the 3rd Division. From Tornio, the division advanced to Rovaniemi and onward to Muonio where it was disbanded.

title: 3rd Division (Continuation War)


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Ultraviolet (TV serial)

Ultraviolet is a 1998 British television series written and directed by Joe Ahearne and starring Jack Davenport, Susannah Harker, Idris Elba, and Philip Quast. The music was composed and performed by Sue Hewitt. The programme was produced by World Productions for Channel 4.

Synopsis
In the near future, global warming has caused vampires to come out of the shadows and attempt to retake the earth. Detective Sergeant Michael Colefield (Jack Davenport) discovers that his best friend Jack (Stephen Moyer) has gone missing on the night before his wedding. Investigating Jack's disappearance leads Michael into the path of a secret paramilitary vampire-hunting organization supported by the British government and the Vatican. Michael learns that Jack has become a vampire. Michael remains devoted to his friend and abhors the brutal methods used by the organization's agents – including Vaughn Rice (Idris Elba) – until he realizes that Jack is lying about his situation and that the vampire hunters are correct in their assessment of the vampires. He allows himself to be recruited by the organization, but he hopes to find a middle ground.

Over the course of the series, Michael and the organization investigate vampire-related activity, often involving medical experimentation. Individual cases involve a woman who may be pregnant with a vampire fetus, a vampire test subject with synthetic blood, and the outbreak of a disease related to vampirism. The vampires are organized, and appear to be moving toward a common goal; the organization must determine what their agenda is. Living and working in the shadows takes a personal toll on the organization's agents: Michael's relationship with Jack's fiancée (Colette Brown) is threatened by his need to hide the truth from her; Angie Marsh (Susannah Harker) must come to terms with the loss of her husband, who was killed by the organization after becoming a vampire; Fr. Pearse Harman (Philip Quast) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, but fears that leaving his post may doom the world to whatever fate the vampires have in store for it.

The final episode reveals that the vampires' plan does not involve enslaving humanity as suspected. Instead, they plan to cause a nuclear winter, providing long-lasting darkness, and completely wiping out the threat of humanity with an engineered plague. Scientific advances made during their experiments will allow them to survive on synthetic blood and reproduce via live birth, eliminating the need for human victims.

Main characters
The protagonist of the series, Michael is a Detective Sergeant at the beginning of the series with the Metropolitan Police; he is close friends and partners with his colleague Jack in CID and is due to be the best man at his wedding. One of Michael's main informants, Pollard, is shot dead by a vampire in the first episode and this coupled with Jack's disappearance and subsequent transformation into a vampire is the catalyst for him joining Section V. Over the course of the series, Michael must deal with balancing both the job and his personal life—he is attracted to Jack's fiance Kirsty but does not want to endanger her further.
 * Michael Colefield (played by Jack Davenport)

A cancer specialist and the team's resident doctor and lead scientist, Angie Marsh became involved in the organisation when her husband Robert, a prominent medical researcher, was approached to be recruited into the organisation. Robert killed himself and one of their daughters in order to prevent being converted by the vampires. Angie has remained extremely wary of allowing her remaining daughter, aged 11, any contact outside of home and restricts her movements outside of school. In the fifth episode of the series, she meets a vampire acquaintance of her deceased husband who tells her that he never stopped loving her, even after his death.
 * Dr Angela Marsh (played by Susannah Harker)

The organisation's main security lead, Vaughan Rice was the sole survivor of a squad of Gulf War soldiers who had been turned by vampires trying to study the effects of Gulf War Syndrome. Discharged with post-traumatic stress disorder, he was quickly recruited into the organisation to help eliminate the vampire infection. Vaughan shows very little emotion in his role, frequently referring to the vampires as 'leeches' and not hesitating to kill anyone who he suspects has been infected. In the fifth episode of the series, he is abducted and placed in a sealed garage with four coffins timed to open and only barely escapes with his life when he causes one to explode and break open the door.
 * Vaughan Rice (played by Idris Elba)

The leader of the organisation and a priest, Pearse has a droll and cynical personality but also provides occasional black humour to lighten the gravity of the situation. It was later revealed that he had a son before becoming a priest, who was killed by vampires. In the third episode of the series he starts to display the symptoms of cancer, which is later formally diagnosed by Angie. Despite his illness he continues to work, desperate to learn the secrets of vampire regeneration which are finally revealed in the last episode of the series.
 * Pearse J. Harman (played by Philip Quast)

Supporting characters
Jack's fiance whom she is due to marry in the first episode, Kirsty remains oblivious to Jack's fate until the final episode of the series. Throughout the series she is keen to discover the truth about Jack, first from Michael who covers up what has really happened and then with a journalist who eventually becomes a vampire himself.
 * Kirsty (played by Colette Brown)

Michael's former girlfriend and main contact on the outside. She has access to highly privileged information through her work (never specified in the series), which she often passes on to him. Michael's secretiveness about his new job, his focus on Kirsty, and his repeated demands for Frances's help eventually cause friction in their relationship. In the finale, Pearce is forced to demonstrate the existence of vampires to her to persuade her to cooperate with Section V.
 * Frances (played by Fiona Dolman)

A journalist whom Kirsty enlists to help find Michael after the latter disappears. He later becomes a vampire and entangles Kirsty in his plan to get to Michael and Section V.
 * Jacob (played by Thomas Lockyer)

Style and themes
The show attempted a modern and scientific approach to vampires. It eschewed much of the supernatural elements of vampire lore. The word "vampire" is never spoken in the show. The formal term for the antagonists is "Code Fives", derived from the Roman numeral for five, V, which is also the first letter in "vampire". A slang term used is "leeches". The clandestine vampire-hunting squad uses overwhelming numbers and modern "state-of-the-art" versions of traditional anti-vampire weapons: carbon bullets instead of wooden stakes; gas grenades with concentrated allicin, a compound derived from garlic; and video cameras as sights on firearms since vampires are as invisible to electronic devices as mirrors.

A prominent theme in the show is the emotional and social toll that the main characters' knowledge causes them. After joining the squad, Michael feels he must distance himself from his former friends in order to protect them. Angie March comments at one point that she's "getting a reputation as an anti-social parent" because she won't let her daughter attend social functions after dark. Vaughn Rice is in love with Angie, but cannot bring himself to tell her due to the stress of their job. At several points in the show, both Michael and a captured vampire question whether the team's methods are justified.

Vampirism as depicted in the series
Vampires in the series are depicted as ageless and immortal. They are stronger and faster than normal humans, to the extent that a physical encounter between a human and vampire will almost always be fatal for the human. Vampires lack most of the supernatural powers attributed to them in folklore, such as turning into bats, mist or wolves. The folkloric lack of a reflection is extended in the series: vampires are invisible to electronic devices. They cannot be imaged by video cameras, and cannot be recorded on videotape or film. Their voices cannot be transmitted electronically and ink will not hold an impression of their fingerprints. Vampire DNA is invisible under an electron microscope. Vampires use voice synthesis software to communicate via telephone. They use cars with blacked-out windows in order to move outside during the day, and time-locked coffins for long-distance travel.

Episode titles

 * 1) "Habeas Corpus"
 * 2) "In Nomine Patris"
 * 3) "Sub Judice"
 * 4) "Mea Culpa"
 * 5) "Terra Incognita"
 * 6) "Persona Non Grata"

Legacy
In 2000, the American Fox network developed a version of Ultraviolet, starring Eric Thal, Joanna Going and Mädchen Amick with Idris Elba reprising his role from the British series. The American version did not progress beyond an unaired pilot episode. Howard Gordon, one of the producers contracted to develop the series, said in an interview that "we screwed it up and it just didn't come out that well". The original UK version has been screened by the Sci-Fi Channel in the US. It was shown originally as a three-part miniseries (each part being two of the original episodes shown consecutively) and during some later airings all six episodes were shown in a marathon format.

title: Ultraviolet (TV serial)


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Tai Lam

Tai Lam or Tai Lam Chung  is an area of Tuen Mun District, in the New Territories of Hong Kong.

Village
Tai Lam Chung Tsuen is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the 36 villages represented within the Tuen Mun Rural Committee.

Tai Lam Chung is a multi-clan Hakka area historically inhabited by the Wu in Wu Uk, the Wong in Wong Uk and the Lee branching out from Lee Uk Tsuen of So Kwun Wat. Wu Uk and Wong Uk are both part of Tai Lam Chung Tsuen.

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Tai Lam was 61. The number of males was 26.

Features
A Tin Hau Temple is located in Tai Lam Kok. Built in 1924, it underwent a major renovation in 1955. It was then demolished and reconstructed on the same site in 2006–2007.

Education
Tai Lam Chung is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 71. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money); no government schools are in the school net.

title: Tai Lam


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Hasse principle

In mathematics, Helmut Hasse's local–global principle, also known as the Hasse principle, is the idea that one can find an integer solution to an equation by using the Chinese remainder theorem to piece together solutions modulo powers of each different prime number. This is handled by examining the equation in the completions of the rational numbers: the real numbers and the p-adic numbers. A more formal version of the Hasse principle states that certain types of equations have a rational solution if and only if they have a solution in the real numbers and in the p-adic numbers for each prime p.

Intuition
Given a polynomial equation with rational coefficients, if it has a rational solution, then this also yields a real solution and a p-adic solution, as the rationals embed in the reals and p-adics: a global solution yields local solutions at each prime. The Hasse principle asks when the reverse can be done, or rather, asks what the obstruction is: when can you patch together solutions over the reals and p-adics to yield a solution over the rationals: when can local solutions be joined to form a global solution?

One can ask this for other rings or fields: integers, for instance, or number fields. For number fields, rather than reals and p-adics, one uses complex embeddings and $$\mathfrak p$$-adics, for prime ideals $$\mathfrak p$$.

Quadratic forms
The Hasse–Minkowski theorem states that the local–global principle holds for the problem of representing 0 by quadratic forms over the rational numbers (which is Minkowski's result); and more generally over any number field (as proved by Hasse), when one uses all the appropriate local field necessary conditions. Hasse's theorem on cyclic extensions states that the local–global principle applies to the condition of being a relative norm for a cyclic extension of number fields.

Cubic forms
A counterexample by Ernst S. Selmer shows that the Hasse–Minkowski theorem cannot be extended to forms of degree 3: The cubic equation 3x3 + 4y3 + 5z3 = 0 has a solution in real numbers, and in all p-adic fields, but it has no nontrivial solution in which x, y, and z are all rational numbers.

Roger Heath-Brown showed that every cubic form over the integers in at least 14 variables represents 0, improving on earlier results of Davenport. Since every cubic form over the p-adic numbers with at least ten variables represents 0, the local–global principle holds trivially for cubic forms over the rationals in at least 14 variables.

Restricting to non-singular forms, one can do better than this: Heath-Brown proved that every non-singular cubic form over the rational numbers in at least 10 variables represents 0, thus trivially establishing the Hasse principle for this class of forms. It is known that Heath-Brown's result is best possible in the sense that there exist non-singular cubic forms over the rationals in 9 variables that do not represent zero. However, Hooley showed that the Hasse principle holds for the representation of 0 by non-singular cubic forms over the rational numbers in at least nine variables. Davenport, Heath-Brown and Hooley all used the Hardy–Littlewood circle method in their proofs. According to an idea of Manin, the obstructions to the Hasse principle holding for cubic forms can be tied into the theory of the Brauer group; this is the Brauer–Manin obstruction, which accounts completely for the failure of the Hasse principle for some classes of variety. However, Skorobogatov has shown that the Brauer–Manin obstruction cannot explain all the failures of the Hasse principle.

Forms of higher degree
Counterexamples by Fujiwara and Sudo show that the Hasse–Minkowski theorem is not extensible to forms of degree 10n + 5, where n is a non-negative integer.

On the other hand, Birch's theorem shows that if d is any odd natural number, then there is a number N(d) such that any form of degree d in more than N(d) variables represents 0: the Hasse principle holds trivially.

Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem
The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem establishes a local–global principle for the splitting of a central simple algebra A over an algebraic number field K. It states that if A splits over every completion Kv then it is isomorphic to a matrix algebra over K.

Hasse principle for algebraic groups
The Hasse principle for algebraic groups states that if G is a simply-connected algebraic group defined over the global field k then the map
 * $$ H^1(k,G)\rightarrow\prod_s H^1(k_s,G)$$

is injective, where the product is over all places s of k.

The Hasse principle for orthogonal groups is closely related to the Hasse principle for the corresponding quadratic forms.

and several others verified the Hasse principle by case-by-case proofs for each group. The last case was the group E8 which was only completed by many years after the other cases.

The Hasse principle for algebraic groups was used in the proofs of the Weil conjecture for Tamagawa numbers and the strong approximation theorem.

title: Hasse principle


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User:Thomas'sDad

Hi, I'm Thomas's Dad.

I work at an art college, am involved with Management Information Systems and Knowledge Management and am interested in Buddhism.

title: User:Thomas'sDad


text:
Tokyo subway

Two major subway systems (地下鉄) operate in Tokyo: Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway. Most of the network is located in the 23 special wards, with portions extending into Chiba and Saitama Prefectures. The subways are one part of Greater Tokyo's passenger rail network, with through service further connecting the subway to suburban railways in Western Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.

Networks
There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

 * Tokyo Metro – Formerly a statutory corporation called the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), it was converted into a kabushiki gaisha (joint-stock company) in 2004. It currently operates 180 stations on nine lines and 195.0 km of route.
 * Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 106 stations on four lines and 109.0 km of route.

, the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 286 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of 304.0 km. The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily. Despite being ranked second overall in worldwide subway usage (after the Shanghai Metro) as of 2019, subways make up a relatively small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 286 out of 938 railway stations, as of 2020. The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see Transport in Greater Tokyo). Other urban commuter rail systems include Keikyu Corporation (formerly the Keihin Electric Express Railway), Keio Corporation, Keisei Electric Railway, Odakyu Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tobu Railway and Tokyu Corporation.

In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

 * The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010.
 * The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
 * The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
 * The Yamanote Line and Chūō Line (Rapid) are not subway lines, but a surface commuter loop line (Yamanote Line) and a cross-city line that operate with metro-like frequencies. They are owned by JR East, act as key transportation arteries in central Tokyo, and are often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

The Yokohama Subway and the Minatomirai Line also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly connected to the Tokyo subway network. However, direct through services from the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line regularly run into Yokohama's Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line.

History

 * 1915: Japan's first underground railway opened under Tokyo Station. It was only for the railway post office, not for passengers.
 * 1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社) opened Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on 30 December 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line was only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
 * 1938: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社) opened its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-day Omotesando) and Toranomon.
 * 1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extended its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and started an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
 * 1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merged under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団) by the local government.
 * 1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
 * 1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opened between Oshiage and Asakusa.
 * 1968: Toei Subway Line 6 (currently the Toei Mita Line) opened between Shimura Station (renamed Takashimadaira Station in 1969) and Sugamo Station.
 * 1991: The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
 * 1995: On 20 March, the Tokyo subway sarin attack occurred on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people were injured and 13 people were killed. All three lines ceased operation for the whole day.
 * 2000: The Namboku Line opened between Tameike-sanno Station and Meguro Station and the Toei Mita Line opened between Mita Station and Meguro Station, with both lines sharing infrastructure between Meguro Station and Shirokane-takanawa Station. Additionally, both lines started through service with the Tokyu Meguro Line.
 * 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
 * 2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened.
 * 2013: The Fukutoshin Line started through service with the Tokyu Toyoko Line.
 * 2023: The Toei Mita Line, the Namboku Line, and the Fukutoshin Line have started through service with the Tōkyū Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sotetsu Main Line and the Izumino Line via the Tokyu Meguro Line (Toei Mita Line and Namboku Line) and the Tokyu Toyoko Line (Fukutoshin Line).

System administration
Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

 * For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations. The Passnet system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its own Suica system). The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system may be slightly less than for users of paper tickets, as fares are calculated in ¥1 increments on stored fare cards whereas paper tickets are calculated at ¥10 increments.
 * The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the Toei map represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the Tokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

Reciprocal operation
As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in the Greater Tokyo Area operate through services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. Through services operate on all lines except Tokyo Metro Ginza and Marunouchi Lines and Toei Oedo Line. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

title: Tokyo subway


text:
Talk:Tokyo subway

Ambiguity
Sorting this out will become a little difficult soon, since "Tokyo subway" is an umbrella term for all subways in Tokyo, while (effective April 1st 2004) "Tokyo Subway Co. Ltd" is the new name of largest operator Eidan -- and just to make life easier, they'll be calling themselves "Tokyo Metro", not to be confused with the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation of course... Ideas? Jpatokal 09:34, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Separate administration of two systems
The separate administration of two subway systems in the same city is unique in the world, says the article, but at least the Yokohama Subway has multiple operators as well. Any others? Jpatokal 15:12, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Nothing new under the sun
Wasn't it the case that, for many years, New York had two subway systems (the IRT and the BMT)--and then a third (the IND)--before it all came under the MTA? Even today, the PATH is a separate system that connects downtown Manhattan with New Jersey. 4.243.206.179 08:07, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Merging with Underground railway(metro/subway) of Tokyo
The Rt.Hon. 210.149.190.137, Esp. has suggested that this page be merged with Underground railway(metro/subway) of Tokyo (a direct copy of this page), but has offered no rationale. So I've redirected his/her/its version here. Jpatokal 03:43, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * The wordings of the two article are not identical. I myself prefer the wordings of the removed one instead of this one.

 * Why do you prefer them? Jpatokal 08:59, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Unique?
QUOTE
 * The separate administration of two metro (subway) systems in the same city is unique in the world and causes several annoyances for customers:

 * Double ticketing: The two systems cannot be used with the same ticket. An additional 90 or 100 yen is charged if one switches to a line in the other system regardless how short the whole ride might be.
 * Both systems represent the metro network with different maps in stations, trains or customer information brochures. The schematisms used to represent the line network focus on the system's respective own lines, making orientation difficult when changing the system. For example, in the Toei maps, the Toei Oedo Line is represented as a circle in the centre, implying a key function for Tokyo's whole public transport system, while in Tokyo Metro's map, the Oedo Line follows more its natural rectangular layout. Here, the centre line is the JR Yamanote Line.

ENDQUOTE

Jpatokal pointed above the Yokohama system is administered separately as well. Another example would be MTR and KCRC in Hong Kong.

oops image
Made a poste about image wasn't logged/something strange h'ppnd i'll check in later. Schlüggell | Talk 07:19, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Anyway, I've found one image in the necessary mem-size, that is legible, from 1999; its a wallpaper for personal use. Do I need to put my Japanese hat on for permission? Otherwise all the images I've found are huge-graphics aren't my thing, if someone could point me in the right direction. Schlüggell | Talk 00:45, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Terrorism
Shouldn't there be a section or at least a mention of the 1995 Tokyo subway chemical terrorist attacks? http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/japan.html

Female-only Carriages?
I've just read a single sentance in an article on a news site, that there are female-only carriages in the Tokyo subway? is this really true? Toby Douglass 11:45, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, see e.g. this page. Fg2 12:19, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The female only cars are not unique to Tokyo. I know personally that they are in opperation (during certain time periods) in Osaka and Tokyo on JR lines. 68.3.71.150 13:56, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I have one or two photos on Commons, including Osaka and/or Wakayama. Not sure where they are, but maybe Train/Japan. Markings on the cars saying "women only" or the like. Fg2 20:46, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, bloody hell! what's the situation or problem that leads to this solution by the Metro company?  Toby Douglass 22:32, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * → Chikan. Jpatokal 02:02, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Number of stations?
The numbers of stations don't add up. The article gives these numbers: Metro: 168; Toei: 106; TWR: 8; Total: 168 Fg2 20:51, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed. And gave the whole article a major work-over. Jpatokal 04:33, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'll say. Nice work! Fg2 07:06, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Busiest Station

 * The busiest station in the network is Ikebukuro Station, which averages 465,000 subway passengers daily.

I deleted this. It is unclear whether Ikebukuro is the busiest with 468,526 Metro passengers comparing to Shinjuku with 238,421 Metro passengers plus 340,175 Toei passengers. I hesitate to simply claim Shinjuku's victory because Metro and Toei stations in Shinjuku are so isolated that they don’t look like a single station. --Sushiya 02:21, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Difficulty comparing ridership
In the London Underground system, the ridership is stated as an annual number. Here it is stated as a daily amount. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.149.76.152 (talk) 13:31, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Combined "Tokyo Subway" page (confusing/incorrect??)
I am posting here after reading the Talk page on the Tokyo Metro page. I have added the below comments on that page and am posting it here too, only changing references such as "this page" so it is clear which page I am referring to. Happy to discuss anything further.

A long outstanding task from 15 years ago! I regularly visit the Tokyo Metro page but had never seen this Tokyo Subway page before. I disagree with User:Mkill as the Tokyo Subway page is confusing and misleading. I think having the combined info is far less user-friendly as the 2 subway systems are completely separate entities with different fares/ticketing/etc - a novice reader will think the 2 subway systems are 1 combined entity and will be confused & frustrated to find out that almost all tickets/passes only work on 1 of the systems, station maps/information mostly only show info for that subway operator, etc.

There are many confusing statements on this Tokyo Subway page. E.g.:

 * - "The Tokyo subway (東京の地下鉄, Tōkyō no chikatetsu) is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of..." - there is actually no such thing as "The Tokyo Subway", a made-up term repeated many times through the article.

 * - under the list of lines it shows a number of other lines which essentially operate as a "subway" line but aren't included, some of which are "through services" to other company's lines, some are distinct systems, and even the JR Yamanote line is included. It is an arbitrary decision to just include the two major subway operators in that article - given the complex nature of Tokyo's rail system, if the intent of that article is to provide user-friendly information to novice readers on rail services in the inner Tokyo area then it should include services to Tokyo Waterfront/Odaiba (Yurikamome/Rinkai), tourist's favourite Yamanote line, etc.

 * - "Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers" - the unified line codes & colours extend across all (~30?) train companies in Tokyo, not just these two systems.

TL/DR; I can't see the point of this combined Tokyo Subway page comprising just the 2 largest subway/Metro companies benefits readers. Apart from the duplication of information, the made-up name "The Tokyo Subway" doesn't actually exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kc3302 (talk • contribs) 05:02, 25 July 2020 (UTC)

Lead sentence
The article currently starts with Two rapid transit systems (Japanese: 地下鉄, Hepburn: chikatetsu) operate in Tokyo: Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway, which is simply wrong: there are a lot more than these two. What distinguishes them from all the rest is that they are primarily underground and referred to as such in Japanese (地下鉄) and English (subway). Jpatokal (talk) 23:25, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tokyo subway


text:
Burnham Beeches

Burnham Beeches is a 374.6 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest situated west of Farnham Common in the village of Burnham, Buckinghamshire. The southern half is owned by the Corporation of London and is open to the public. It is also a National Nature Reserve and a Special Area of Conservation.

Burnham Beeches came into ownership of the City of London Corporation after the land came up for auction in 1879. The auction followed the death of the land owner who had permitted public access. Its special status was recognised and discussed in the House of Commons. The land failed to sell at the auction. Subsequently Sir Henry Peek purchased the land at the reserve price £12,000. Sir Henry Peek sold 374 acre to the City of London Corporation (£6,000), retaining the "enclosed" portion of the land of 175 acre. Purchase was funded from duties levied on grain landed at the Port of London. Money was also spent on roads to improve access (estimated cost £500), one of these is named after Sir Henry. At this time local authorities were encouraged to provide open spaces with public access to provide some relief from polluted towns and cities. (Summarised from Hansard and various contemporary newspaper reports.)

Preservation
The largely beech woodland has been regularly pollarded, with many trees now several hundred years old. Their age, and the amount of deadwood in and around them, means that the woodland is rich in wildlife. More than sixty of the species of plants and animals here are either rare or under threat nationally. The area is protected as a National Nature Reserve, Site of Special Scientific Interest and a candidate Special Area of Conservation.

Archaeology
Seven Ways Plain hill fort is located in the south west part of Burnham Beeches. it is a rare example of a single rampart earthwork used either as a stock enclosures or possibly places of refuge. It comprises a range of earthworks which have been dated to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. It is a Scheduled Monument.

Filming
The close proximity of Pinewood, Shepperton and Bray Studios and the outstanding natural beauty of the Beeches have made it a desirable filming location. Robin Hood Prince of Thieves, The Crying Game, First Knight, Goldfinger, The Princess Bride, the 1952 Disney film The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, Maleficent: Mistress of Evil, Horrible Histories: The Movie, and the Doctor Who story State of Decay are some of the films and TV productions that have been shot at Burnham Beeches.

Filming is tightly controlled in recognition of the Beeches' international importance for wildlife. Filming is restricted to no more than twenty days per year and to certain times of year. Filming in environmentally sensitive areas has also been banned. Revenue from filming goes directly to fund the upkeep and management of the Beeches.

Affiliates
Burnham, New Zealand, was named after the village of Burnham.

Burnham Beeches F.C. are an amateur football team who currently compete in the East Berkshire Football League.

title: Burnham Beeches