text:
Talk:Syracuse, New York

Wiki Education assignment: This is America
— Assignment last updated by Thetyronezone (talk) 00:59, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Updating w/ 2010 Census data
A number of sections, tables, and figures throughout this article need updating with the more recent 2010 Census data. Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 09:50, 10 August 2013 (UTC)

 * This was long overdue, but I have attempted to edit the Demographics section in accordance with the available 2010 census data. I had to remove the pie chart that showed census data from 2000. I have made a new .png file pie chart with the 2010 data, very similar to the previous one, but am unable to upload it on this account (not confirmed). --Phillite (talk) 19:06, 11 May 2016 (UTC)

Spin off History of Syracuse, New York?
Would it be useful to spin off a separate History of Syracuse, New York article? Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 09:17, 29 June 2014 (UTC)

 * ✅, with some of the historical sports material also spun off to Sports in Syracuse. Regards, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 05:34, 5 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Which unfortunately has brought to light some possibly quite extensive copyright problems here dating from several years ago, when an editor seems to have added copyright material on at least three different occasions (content containing the phrases, , ). Most of that was moved to the new page, but since that editor has a large number of contributions to this one, I've regretfully blanked it and listed it at WP:CP for processing. I'm sorry about that. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 09:42, 13 July 2014 (UTC)
 * That giant box certainly is regrettable. Is there a less drastic solution to this problem?--Cam (talk) 18:19, 13 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Is anyone out there willing to rewrite this entire article to satisfy Justlettersandnumbers?--Cam (talk) 21:56, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I apologize for my tone there.--Cam (talk) 02:12, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

Well,, there's no need to apologise to me (if that's what was meant). The large box is invasive and annoying, a disfigurement of the page, and calling it just "regrettable" shows great restraint. I'm sorry I didn't respond here sooner. On the rewrite, please see the comment I left. I think the same approach could be taken in this article, starting from the same old version. Or, if those who watch this page would prefer, it could simply be rolled back to that version straight away; that would leave only some subsequent "clean" edits to be redone. Thoughts? Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 21:59, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 22:56, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

About the pronunciation
Now, according to this article, locally Syracuse is referred to as /ˈsɛrəkjuːs/. But I've lived in Syracuse all my life, and I've never said it as anything other than /ˈsirəkjuːs/, and I don't think I've heard anyone say it any other way either, although I might have not noticed it because my brain was subconsciously "correcting for" their accent. There's no source given for the pronunciation either, where does that information derive from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.230.245.164 (talk) 02:50, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

Neighborhood boundaries and map
Officially defined neighborhood boundaries in the City of Syracuse appear to have shifted. See the Open Data Syracuse map (2017). If this indeed is the case, the map and boundary descriptions used in this article and elsewhere likely are out of date. Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 17:36, 3 July 2018 (UTC)

Proposed transit is outdated
Currently a student at SU; noticed that the proposed transit subheading is severely out of date, not to mention that these plans have apparently gone nowhere. No such monorail or aerial ropeway exists in Syracuse, though I would be 100% in full support of both of the mentioned projects. I bring this up because the proposals occurred in or around 2005 according to the page, at a time when Destiny USA had not been built (see "Proposed Destiny USA"). Destiny USA is now of course built, standing as the 6th largest shopping mall in the United States. I don't want to remove anything because I am not an expert on this topic. Thanks, Generator.edu (talk) 22:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Removed monorail section today. Poor citations, no such project was ever built so it was not relevant to the article. I am mostly sure that the section about the proposed aerial tram is a practical joke, as its only citation simply links to the wikipedia page for the Post Standard, a Syracuse newspaper. Generator.edu (talk) 21:31, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reasons for deletion at the file description pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:09, 4 July 2021 (UTC)
 * SUNY Upstate Medical Cancer Center.jpg
 * Upstate University Hospital.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:55, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * SUNY Upstate CNY Biotech Accelerator.jpg

New City Website
Should we use the old city website or the new one? The new site, syr.gov is still under construction but has more updated content.

M4sugared (talk) 01:04, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Syracuse, New York


text:
San Antonio, Zambales

San Antonio, officially the Municipality of San Antonio (Ili ti San Antonio; ; Sambal: Babali nin San Antonio), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 37,450 people.

San Antonio is 48 km from Iba and 167 km from Manila.

History

San Antonio was a hunting region where indigenous hunters from the northern towns of Zambales would hunt, and gather. The first settlers from the Paoay area in Ilocos Norte arrived in 1830, and founded the first Spanish settlement that developed into what is now San Antonio.

San Antonio was given the status of district or barrio in 1836. The town mayor in that period was Don Gregorio Banaga. He governed the town from 1836 to 1849. He was succeeded by Don Vicente Lacuesta in 1849, from Teniente Primero to Teniente Absoluto. The last mayor was Don Santiago Ladrillono. He was succeeded by Don Dimas Pascasio as governor in 1856. They selected their leaders every year. In 1891 to 1898, Don Pablo Corpus was the only Capitan Municipal selected then appointed Don Felix Magsaysay as the first President municipal, and many more followed up to 1931 to 1945.

The town was the site of the United States Navy Base known as the U.S. Naval Communications Station San Miguel. After the earthquake and eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, the United States Military decided to abandon its military bases in the Philippines.

Barangays
San Antonio is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Angeles
 * Antipolo
 * Burgos (Poblacion)
 * East Dirita
 * Luna (Poblacion)
 * Pundaquit
 * Rizal (Poblacion) (Sentro Pueblo)
 * San Esteban
 * San Gregorio (Poblacion)
 * San Juan (Poblacion) (Sitio Mabanban)
 * San Miguel
 * San Nicolas (Poblacion)
 * Santiago (Poblacion) (Pamatawan)
 * West Dirita

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of San Antonio, Zambales, was 37,450 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

Tourism
San Antonio is increasingly known for its beaches, mountains and coves, and is a destination for campers and beach goers.

 * Casa San Miguel: Founded by violinist Coke Bolipata, the community center provides its members the time and space for developing their interest and talent in classical music.
 * Tiklados Applied Music Center (Tiklados): Located at Barangay Antipolo, it was founded by Dr. Ceferino Cariaso III in 2002, to tutor young pianists and guitarists. The center caters to the following instruments: piano, violin, guitar, organ, flute, and voice. Solfege and music theory are also offered in the center. At present, Tiklados has three piano rooms, one violin/voice room, a spacious faculty and staff lounge, and a 60-seater concert hall.
 * Pundaquit: Nestled in the navel of the Zambales coastline, a Spanish Light House from the 1800s is found atop the "Islas de Punta Capones." This is reminiscent of places such as "Sierra Leone." Zambales is also home to the famous Crystal Beach surf in the town of San Narciso. This surf spot is known as a "surfing paradise" closest to Manila.
 * Redondo Peninsula: A short mountainous peninsula extending about 15 kilometers (9 miles) to the south of Zambales on western Luzon in the Philippines. It separates Subic Bay and the coasts around the Subic Bay Metropolitan Area of Subic and Olongapo from the South China Sea. It is known for its secluded coves, beaches and pine-forested mountains.
 * Anawangin Cove: It is a crescent shaped cove with a pristine white sand beach. What makes the place unique is the unusual riddle of tall pine-like trees flourishing round its vicinity. In fact they are not pine trees; they are agoho trees, a species endemic to the Philippines, some Southeast Asian countries and north-eastern parts of Australia.  There are no roads leading to Anawangin. It is only accessible by a 30-minute boat ride from Pundaquit, San Antonio, or by a six-hour trek through hot, open trails thru the Pundaquit range. The cove's relative isolation has kept it free from development. Just behind the beach is the pine forest and a marsh, where there are natural springs feeding to the sea. The area is home to a number of bird species.
 * Nagsasa Cove
 * Talisayin Cove
 * Silangen Cove
 * Capones Island
 * Camara Island

Education

 * Elementary
 * College of Hildegarde Von Bingen (C.H.V.B)
 * San Antonio Central Elementary School (S.A.C.E.S)
 * West Dirita Elementary School
 * Dirita Elementary School
 * San Esteban Elementary School
 * San Gregorio Elementary School (S.G.E.S)
 * San Juan Elementary School
 * San Nicolas Elementary School
 * San Miguel Elementary School
 * Pundakit Elementary School
 * Angel Manglicmot Memorial School (formerly Angeles Elementary School)
 * Teodoro R. Yangco Elementary School (T.R.Y.M.S)
 * Teodoro R. Yangco Catholic Educational Institute (T.R.Y.C.E.I)
 * Valiant Educational Institute
 * High School
 * Angel C. Manglicmot High School (A.C.M.H.S.)
 * Pundakit High School
 * Luzon Technical Institute, Inc (L.T.I)
 * Teodoro R. Yangco Catholic Educational Institute (T.R.Y.C.E.I)
 * San Miguel National High School
 * San Antonio National High School
 * Valiant Educational Institute
 * College of Hildegarde Von Bingen (C.H.V.B)
 * Montessori
 * Precious Child Montessori
 * Escuela Royal de Maria Montessori
 * St.Anthony Montessori of Zambales Inc.

Sports
San Antonio, influenced by the presence of the United States Naval Communication Station in the late '50s, is the baseball and softball capital of Zambales. Mayor Zozimo Pascasio and the Holy Name Society adopted the program in the '60s and '70s. Their partnership produced players who became athletic scholars in various colleges and universities in Manila. In the early '80s, JJ Henry & Chuck Jones of FRA Branch 367 (US Navy retirees) living in San Antonio, further enhanced the enthusiasm for the sport through the Shipmates, a team of 10- to 12-year-old boys coming from the different barangays who competed in the PABA (Philippine Amateur Baseball Association) Invitational. In 1985, the core of the team intact & playing for TR Yangco Educational Institute, the Shipmates coached by Butch Echiverre, won the baseball gold in the CLRAA (Central Luzon Regional Athletic Association), a first for Zambales. The San Antonio "TNT" Jaycees, most of whom are employees at the US Navy base, continued the program with their annual San Antonio Summer Baseball Cup successfully.

After the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in 1991, due to the destruction of the playing fields and the withdrawal of the US bases, support for the baseball program dwindled. Eager to find an alternative sports activity, Butch Echiverre and some friends introduced darts to the community. From its humble beginnings at a place called "Kubo," presently, the Zambales Darters Federation is considered as one of the best dart organizations in the country for having hosted several national competitions. Its "no-school, no-play" policy is now adopted nationwide and the NDFP (National Darts Federation of the Philippines) conferred the President's Award to the group during the Darterong Pinoy 2012.

The community's love for baseball was rekindled in the late '90s after losing the provincial baseball crown to Botolan, Zambales. The SADTEA (San Antonio District Teachers & Employees Association) took the initiative of organizing an inter-school tournament. This time, a softball tournament for girls is included. Supported by some officials of the local government and equipment donated by San Antonians locally & abroad, San Antonio baseball/softball is better than it ever was. As a member of the Little League Asia Pacific Region, San Antonio has always reached the quarterfinals of the Philippine Series. Irwin Mata is the Little League President of San Antonio.

Aside from fast becoming a surfing capital of Luzon, San Antonio has an 18-hole golf course at the Naval Education and Training Command of the Philippine Navy (formerly US Naval Communication Station).

Notable personalities

 * Don Teodoro R. Yangco, noted philanthropist and business magnate, was born in San Antonio, Zambales on November 9, 1861. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo de Manila University and studied law at the University of Santo Tomás. He pursued a commercial course at Ealing College in London from 1882 to 1886. He served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippine Islands from 1917 to 1920 in Washington D.C. In 1923, he represented the Philippine Chamber of Commerce at the first Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference held in Honolulu, where he ably defended Philippine Independence. He generously supported the local YMCA such that he came to be called the “Father of the YMCA in the Philippines.” He died on April 20, 1939, and was buried at the North Cemetery.
 * Guillermo Pablo, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1945 to 1955, was born on June 25, 1886, in San Antonio, Zambales. Prior to his appointment to the High Court, he was Justice of the Peace (1911) at Iba, Zambales; Acting Provincial Fiscal (1915) of Zambales, Member of the Philippine Legislature (1916–1922); CFI Auxiliary Judge (1924) at Cebu; and CFI Judge (1930) and CFI District Judge (1934).

In film

 * The Bea Alonzo and Sam Milby movie And I Love You So, was shot at Anawangin Cove in San Antonio, a 30-minute boat ride from Pundaquit.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: San Antonio, Zambales


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Talk:Nine-ball

Rotation
There's no mention of having to hit the balls in order, ie. you must strike the lowest number ball on the table. I thought that was one of the main rules.

--Prisonblues 10:02, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Significant changes
I made some significant changes to the article. I hope these are satisfactory. --GoHawks4 10:15, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Order
We now have: "Although the order of the rest of the balls is in fact irrelevant, they are ordinarily arranged in numerical order from left to right as shown." If the order is indeed irrelevant, we might want to include an explanation. Aliter 23:00, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Pocketing the nine ball and fouling doesn't lose the game immediately, so I removed that line from the article. (The nine ball is respotted, otherwise it's just like any other foul.)
 * Please sign your posts. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 05:52, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

When can the nine ball be sunk?
My impression was that the nine could only be sunk after all the others but the article doesn't seem to say that explicitly. Or can one sink the nine at any time as long as one has hit the lowest numbered ball on the table first? --Editdroid
 * The nine can be sunk at any time as long as you have hit the lowest numbered ball first. --Al 19:39, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * So the nine ball does not have to be called in any way on a legal combo shot or on the last shot of the game?? Meaning the nine could go in by accident as long as the first object ball hit is the lowest numbered ball on the table?  Can any one clear this up for me? thepretenders22
 * Yes, you have stated the rule correctly. The nine ball can be made at any time in the game by pure luck and without having been called so long as no foul is committed on the shot (such as failing to contact the lowest numerical ball first). For some reason this rule causes great confusion; I am asked this at least once a month in my column. Fuhghettaboutit 01:42, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Redundancy
"Like most billiards games, there are many variations on the rules of nine ball, and a specific ruleset is often decided before a game." This statement was re-inserted in the second paragraph by Superm---. It obviously refers to recreational games, not tournament or championship games. "The game may be played in social and recreational settings . . . subject to such rules as may be agreed upon beforehand" has already been stated in the first paragraph. This re-insertion is unnecessary. RogerK 01:55, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Significant changes redux
I made some significant changes to the article. I hope these are satisfactory. I am a professional pool player and write articles under the name "Pool_Teacher" in the pool/billiards category at allexperts.com. --fuhghettaboutit December 10, 2005

Memories
It appears that this article is being written by seasoned players, rather than researchers, 'cause there are no references listed, lol. I've played a lot of nine ball, mostly in pool halls in the 60s when I was a young man, and then always for money. It wasn't unusual for 4 or 5 of us to play on one table for hours, for a buck or two a head, and it was always call every shot, no push allowed. Sometimes some hot-shot would show up, and we'd play for $5 or $10 a head. Ah, the good old days. It was big money to me back in those days. Today my wife and I play occasionally at a local tavern, and I occasionally shock some egotist with a flash of talent, but it's gettin' tough; I wear tri-focals now, lol. Pleased to meet you, fuhg, and you too, woohooo --RogerK 03:35, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey Roger so you used to play ring games huh?, I was in the back playing Chicago! Actually cut my teeth on straight pool of course, but I really never was a huge nine ball fan. Course after straight pool died, I had to switch to playing nine ball. Guess we have to add some references to the article. Shouldn't be to difficult (hey, why don't you start?)
 * Added a coupla references which related to Nine Ball's beginnings. The games we played were Nine Ball, Harrigan, and Kill Pool. Don't remember much about Kill Pool, but Harrigan was by far my favorite. Up to seven players could play, and each was given, by the proprietor (who did not play and also served as the referee and settler of disputes), two pills randomly from the pill bottle, which was shaken before each delivery. Each pill was about 5/8" in diameter with a flat upon which was a number (from 1 to 15), and each player would return one of the pills to the proprietor (these would determine the order of play, lowest first), and retain the other pill which would be the player's object ball (he "owned" it). If the breaker pocketed his object ball on the break, the game was over and he won. If he sank another player's object ball on the break, the game was over and the owner of the pocketed ball won. Every player paid the winner. If any player, in the course of his turn, pocketed a ball that was owned by no one, he could continue shooting, but if he pocketed any owned ball it was an immediate win for its owner. Fast game; quick money. I used to keep my pill in my right ear, lol. Perfect fit. Ah, the good old days :)). --RogerK 03:16, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay try this brutal money game I used to play: called cribbage; each ball on the table has a partner that adds to 15 (but the fifteen ball of course). Say you make the 2 and 6 ball on the break, your only choices are the 13 and the 9 cause those partner with the two sunk balls (you can push out after the break). If you don't make any partner ball it gets spotted on the foot spot (and many times in the game you end up with a row of ball on the foot spot, which means that all of their partners are out on the table). Each cribbage (a pair) is worth a set number of dollars but for each pair you make in a row the money increases like this: first cribbage is a dollar, second cribbage is two dollars, third is three, so you make three in a row you get six dollars. The fifteen ball is the break ball, sort of like in straight pool, so you have to maneuver it to a break position. First one to a frozen amount of money wins, so the length of the match is determined by the amount of money you freeze up, and the amount you win is determined by how much you are ahead of your opponent because they keep whatever money they've won off you and you keep whatever money you've won from them. Between even players, it's sometimes a wash, but the great thing about the game is that there's so much incentive to bury your opponent cuase that's the only way you can make money. Lot's of fun but brutal. --Fuhghettaboutit 04:00, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Pro vs. colloquial rules and variations
Roger, I liked most of the changes but here's what I changed and why: the article said that "each player" could push out only once, implying that each player got one push out per game (two total), this coulkd be easilt mispercieved, so I reworked that, The other main change is that you placed official after "came to dominate the sport (paraphrasing), which is then followed by that "the rule variation is what is followed by the offical rules maintained by the BCA. The point there was that push out rules dominate the way the game is played AND are what are played in official rules, which is true; most nine ball players play texas express rules even if they are not following all official rules, so this construction highlights that it dominates boith the way the games is played and official rules. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fuhghettaboutit (talk • contribs)

 * Hope you don't mind me moving this section to this header :). Here in New Jersey, in social settings, I personally have never heard of "Texas Express" rules or variants. Not that that means much; I only play occasionally, and always socially. At any rate, I felt that, based on your knowledge, you meant that it dominated league and/or tournament play, and not social play; so I used the word "official". I'm beginning to feel that the readers might best be served if the rules were defined in two separate sections, one which deals with "official" play, such as league and tournament, and another which deals with "social and recreational" play, just to avoid confusion. Let me know what you think :) --RogerK 02:42, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Mind? I have no ownership pride over these articles. I just like to keep them factually correct. I don't think nine ball needs this; most players who are advanced enough to play nine ball play by rules that are not too different from professional rules. Most play with just pne push out only after the break. Now eight ball, that would be a great idea, since most players haven't a clue as to professional rules. Unfortunately I don't know how you could segragate the rules played by amateurs into its own secton since they can't agree on them! A bar on one side of the street may play by different rules than the bar on the other side. By the way, just wrote the article on the great Jean Balukas. Your input would be valued. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fuhghettaboutit (talk • contribs)

Called shots
I'm sorry, but this article deals with more than just professional play, and called shots in 9 ball are, indeed, required in some settings. There is no reason to delete this section; it is not superfluous at all. Readers have the right to know what is required when 9 ball is played in that circumstance. --RogerK 05:01, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * These are not the rules of professional play They are the rules of nine ball--just like the rules of baseball are the rules of baseball, and the rules of [insert game] are the rules of [that game]. Would you have the encyclopedia article on nine ball give instructions for a variant of the game rarely played? I think I understand your concern but it's based on a misperception--you think that a large percentage of people don't play or attempt to play by "professional rules." This is incorrect. The majority of people who play nine ball, play by the rules of nine ball and not some call shot variant. This article should be about nine ball and not some other, similar game. Nine ball is not a call shot game--period. Fuhghettaboutit 15:14, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't like to make unilateral edits in the face of opposition, but I am an expert on this topic. However, I'll provide some corroboration.
 * As stated in the World Standardized Rules: 9-Ball: "5.1 OBJECT OF THE GAME Nine-Ball is played with nine object balls numbered one through nine and a cue ball. On each shot, the first ball the cue ball contacts must be the lowest numbered ball on the table, but the balls need not be pocketed in order. If a player pockets any ball on a legal shot, he remains at the table for another shot, and continues until missing, committing a foul, or winning the game by pocketing the 9-ball. After a miss, the incoming player must shoot from the position left by the previous player, but after any foul the incoming player may start with the cue ball anywhere on the table. Players are not required to call any shot. A match ends when one of the players has won the required number of games. (emphasis supplied)"
 * As stated in the Texas Express Official 9-Ball Rules: "1.1: Object of the Game ...Numbered balls do not have to be pocketed in numerical order, provided the lowest numbered ball on the table is contacted first. There is no requirement that any shot or pocket be declared prior to shooting. Each player continues to play until he or she 1) fails to legally pocket a numbered ball, 2) fouls, or 3) wins the game. (emphasis supplied):"
 * As stated in the | Official Billiard Congress of America Rules(which simply link to WSR)"1.1: Object of the Game '...Players are not required to call any shot....''"
 * The same rules are cited in numerous other sources, often copying the text of one of these official repository of the rules of nine ball. See for example:On the Snap Rules, Triangle Billiards, The American CueSports Alliance and The University Poolplayers Association.
 * Moreover, and apropos of the apparent [incorrect] belief you are operating under that the majority of amateurs play call shot, the largest amateur pool league in the world, the The American Poolplayers Association (APA) follows BCA rules (as quoted above).
 * Fuhghettaboutit 01:49, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I respectfully disagree. You obviously don't play in taverns and billiard parlors. Those of you who are aligned with organizations may always play by the "official rules", but this article does not yet have a header entitled "Nine Ball rules", nor does the article need to be restricted to such a narrow perspective. Inclusion of information relating to called shots does not make the article "un-encyclopedic". The called game is not "rarely played" in social settings. I've played 9 ball for more than 40 years in these settings, and I assure you that in the great majority of those games, it was required to call the 9. To include information about called shots is to include an aspect of the game of 9 ball as it may be played by a cross-section of people who are not members of professional or amateur organizations. I understand that you are an expert; you make that fact quite obvious. And I know what the BCA rules are. The removal of this paragraph was either carried out or approved by you without so much as a comment on the discussion page. Have you been appointed as the official judge of what may or may not be stated in this article? By whose standard is this information not admissible in this article? --RogerK 02:30, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I know I'm a little late to the party, but I would like to point out that I sometimes play nine ball nude with a garden rake as a cue, as do many people I know. Therefore I think this should be a part of an encyclopedia article about nine ball.  --JoelBest 11:24, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * RogerK, if you can cite multiple independent reliable sources for the statement that "called shots in 9 ball are, indeed, required in some settings", then feel free to add some material about that to the article, so cited. To address your anecdotal insistence that you play called-shot nine-ball all the time recreationally, I can counter anecdotally that I've been playing pool religiously for over a decade, in New Mexico, Maryland, Virginia, Washington DC, Washington state, California, Ontario, and Ireland (I move a lot...), and I have never been asked to play called-shot in nine-ball, other than one time, by a pair of wanna-be hustlers in San Francisco, who were literally laughed out loud at by everyone within earshot and who I took for over $100, and another $40 when they switched to darts (about which they didn't know much either, apparently).  >;-)  —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:58, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Strategy
Perhaps someone should include a section on strategy? 9-ball requires positional play, as well as running out or playing safe. Since it seems the people who take care of this article are "pros", you guys can work out the rest. 71.250.9.119 13:38, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This would have to be done carefully if at all, because of WP:NOT rules against giving advice or including guide/how-to style information. Some discussion of the nature of nine-ball strategy and how it differs from, say, eight-ball strategy is probably warranted, though. —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:47, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Please review: Consensus and consistency needed on spelling to prevent ambiguity & confusion
Especially for nine-ball but also for eight-ball, one-pocket, and even snooker, etc., I firmly think we need to come to, and as editors enforce in article texts, a consensus on spelling conventions and implement it consistently throughout all of the cue sports Wikepedia articles. I advocate (and herein attempt to justify) a system of standardized spellings, based on 1) general grammar rules; 2) basic logic; and 3) disambiguation.

This is a draft submission to the active editor community of billiards-related articles on Wikipedia. It is intended to ultimately end up being something like " Wikipedia:[something:]Billiards/Spelling guidelines", or part of an official Wikipedia cue sports article-shepherding Project, likely it's first documentation output.

Anyway, please help me think this through. The point is not for me to become world famous™ for having finally codified billiards terms and united the entire English-speaking world in using them (hurrah). I simply want the articles here on pool and related games to be very consistent in application of some new consensus Wikipedia editing standards about spelling/phrasing of easily confusable billards terms that may be ambiguous to many readers in the absence of that standard.

Compare: That's the super-simple "use case" I make for this proposed nomenclature. If you think that the differentiation didn't cut it please TELL ME, and say how you would improve it.
 * 1) "While 9-ball is a 9-ball game, the 9-ball is the real target; pocket it in a 9-ball run if you have to, but earlier is better." (Huh?)
 * 2) "While nine-ball is a nine ball game, the 9 ball is the real target; pocket it in a nine ball run if you have to, but earlier is better." (Oh, right!)

So, here's the article draft so far (please do not edit it directly! Post on its Discussion page instead; thanks.): User:SMcCandlish/Pool_terms

(PS: This intro text is repeated at the top of it.) — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:14, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Marking this topic resolved, because the page is now "live", at WP:CUESPELL, and has its own talk page. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:44, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Cue sports
WikiProject Council/Proposals. Any comments, or better yet interested editors to participate? — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 01:10, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Marking this topic "Resolved" since the project is live and has its own talk page now. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:42, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

"Valuable 5 ball" variant?
There's a passage that says that in non-tournament variants of the game, "the 5 ball may be considered of value". What is that about? And can it be sourced? I've never heard of this that I can recall. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:45, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The whole article needs better sourcing, but until such time as that is done, any statement that is questioned can be removed:-) For what it's worth, I have no idea about that either.--Fuhghettaboutit 13:00, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 02:22, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have since encountered this several times, in more than one locale. It is a side bet (usu. 50% of main bet) placed on pocketing the 5 ball. When this is done the 5 is almost always placed at the very back of the rack (the anti-apex ball).  E.g., we might say: "I'll play you a race to 3 for $20." "Okay, but I want $10 on the 5."  This can almost certainly be sourced from some hustler/road player bio book or another. I would not add it back in right now w/o a source, even though I know for a fact that it is real (I played it not more than a three weeks ago, at someone else's instigation!), just on general principle, but it should be put in there eventually, with reliable sources. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont]  ‹(-¿-)› 00:37, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've come across this variant too as participating in a local tournament recently. Don't now it's legal name but it was presented by the name nine-five. Possibly an abbreviation of nine-five pool or, less likely, nine-five billiards with nine-five as a possible legal name variation. 77.105.194.23 (talk) 21:14, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

"Great feats"
Reverted addition of a new section, entirely unsourced, but it might have potential if sourceable. The very fact that they are alleged great feats demands that they be sourced, and reliably at that. The section, entirely contributed here by though some of these points have come up in some of the player bio articles (and flagged as needing sourcing there as well):

Great Feats

 * At an exhibition, Earl Strickland, and American pool specialist, ran 11 racks and earned a great prize of $1,000,000.

 * Filipino veteran Jose Parica won a race-to-eleven match without mistakes.

— SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 05:50, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Rodolfo Luat and Alex Pagulayan, while competing in separate occasions, pocketed 6 balls in the break. Possibly, this is most balls ever pocketed when breaking in 9-ball.
 * Oh, I didn't added that section. I just fix spelling errors whenever I peruse "Recent Changes" on Wikipedia. I don't even like playing pool. :-) Minh T. Nguyen 05:17, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * My bad; it was 61.9.126.41 who provided the material. He/she is now credited appropriately above. —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 09:50, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Note to self or any other editor: At least one of the six-balls-pocketed breaks is sourced now. If both are, this tidbit could be added back into the article.  The others sound interesting as well, but w/o sources they shouldn't go in the article, per WP:ATT.  I think the Strickland point may be as well.  If this remains unresolved for a few days ping me on my talk page and I'll look into it. —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 09:53, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I've pocketed six balls twice. Lots of people have. It's not a great feat at all. I don't remember the source, but I remember reading that "Hurricane" Tony Ellin pocketed eight balls on the break with witnesses present. Now that's a feat. As for Strickland, if I remember correctly, that incident was the lead story in both pool and billiard magazine and Billiards digest at the time. The text above is deceptive. The controversy surrounded the fact that the insurance company that was backing giving out the prize for running 11 racks or more refused to pay (and never did as far as I know) because a number of the racks were made by pocketing the 9 ball on the break and other were made by combinations during the game. It came down to whether those racks were considered part of the "run out" that counted toward 11 contiguous racks.--Fuhghettaboutit 13:29, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah so. This Strickland thing sounds like it just belongs in his article then. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont]  ‹(-¿-)› 02:23, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Push-out clarification
When a player calls a push-out, can the player touch any balls with the cue when he does so? What happens if he does?75.75.110.235 22:17, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The cue ball can touch any balls or no balls, and can be used to pocket balls including the nine. Any balls pocketed other than the nine stay down with no penalty to the pusher. If the nine ball is made, is is spotted to the foot spot also without any penalty to the pusher.--Fuhghettaboutit 22:22, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * In case the anon meant the cue stick rather than the cue ball, that would depend on the agreed-upon rules (cue-ball-fouls-only or all-fouls). —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:26, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

Clarification request
Having read the rules section, and noted that "The object of the game is to pocket the 9 ball in a legal manner" I'm slightly baffled as to what the benefit is to the player of potting other balls. I'm familiar with the rules of snooker, where points are earned for every pot, but that seems not to be the case here. Is it just so that you "get another go", and can hopefully manoeuvre yourself into a better position for an attempt to pot the 9 ball (either directly or indirectly)? I feel the article would benefit from this being made clear. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.136.195.2 (talk) 02:02, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, you figured it out correctly, but I'm surprised that it took any figuring. Where is the article not clear? You must hit the lowest-numbered ball on the table first, so the only possible legal ways to pocket the 9 are to hit the lowest-numbered ball on the table and either drive it into the 9 (directly or via another ball between them) to pocket the 9, or carom off of that ball into the (directly or not) to pocket the 9; or the 9 is the only ball left on the table, so you, um, pocket it.  It's a self-answering question, isn't it?  Where can the text be improved in this regard?  Is there a sentence that is worded poorly? —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont]  ‹(-¿-)› 18:30, 14 August 2008 (UTC)  PS: Generally, there are not "points" in nine-ball (an exception is VNEA team nine-ball, in which the odd-numbered balls are worth points in teams' overall match scores for statistics purposes, but the game is played exactly as described in the article). It might not hurt to mention all this in the article. I can source it, too, since I have a VNEA rulebook. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont]  ‹(-¿-)› 05:52, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Being British, having only ever played the 15-ball game, and knowing nothing about american forms of pool, I came to this article in search of a brief description of the the game, ie what it is that one is trying to do, and how one is supposed to go about doing it. I found it very difficult to sift through the information given here and needed help from what SMcC has written here in this section of the talk page finally to put it all together. In the intro the only piece of info is "The game may be played ... subject to whatever rules are agreed upon beforehand", which is less helpful that might have been originally imagined. IMO the article assumes too much background knowledge on the part of the reader. Maybe a short paragraph on the basics at the beginning would solve the problem, something that starts along the lines of "the aim of Nine-ball is to pot the yellow ninth ball; however ..."  almost - instinct 11:31, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
 * That sounds reasonable to me. Not sure when any of us will DO it, mind you. On the side, I have to say that nine-ball is not particularly American any longer (i.e. for the last 30+ years). The game did originate here in Yankeeland, but it is today the most consistently internationalized pool game in the world, and certainly the professional game, regardless of national origin. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 00:43, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I made some edits to the second paragraph of the "play" section that hopefully help make it completely clear the object of the game and the caveats of winning/losing. I described that the losing player could pocket object balls 1-8 during play and still lose. All though I must agree that it was pretty clear before that there are no points and that it clearly stated the object of the game is just to pocket the 9 ball. I also condensed and "unclunked" what a legal shot is. I condensed some of the info into more plain facts. for instance I got rid of "because nine ball is a no call game the 9 ball can be pocketed for a win at any time of the game" (paraphrasing). It can be won just because those are the rules, not because it's no call. If it were a call game, one could still win at any shot, just not on accident. So instead I just stated that it's no call, and stated it can be won on any shot, and didn't try to connect the two. I also have another issue with the "no-rail foul" that I am bringing up in a new section, so please see below. Dancindazed (talk) 06:06, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

No rail foul when ball pocketed?
In the article it says "In nine-ball, on all shots, a player must cause the cue ball to contact the lowest numerical ball on the table first before the cue ball strikes any other ball and subsequently contact a rail with either the cue ball, the object ball, or any balls contacted by the two (except when a push-out has been invoked; see "The push-out", below); otherwise a foul has been committed. "

The way they write it sounds like it is a foul if you hit the lowest ball straight into a pocket(or combo lowest into another, straight in, etc.) without hitting any rails with the object ball, a numbered ball it hits, or the cue ball. I thought the no rail foul was only when you didn't get the object ball in?

on the BCA world standardized rules http://www.bca-pool.com/play/tournaments/rules/rls_9bl.shtml

it says

5.9    NO RAIL If no object ball is pocketed, failure to drive the cue ball or any numbered ball to a rail after the cue ball contacts the object ball on is a foul. seems to say the same thing in many other articles:

if you don't pocket a ball, then no rail is foul. if you do pocket ball(legal) then you don't need to hit rail

Dan39 (talk) 03:11, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You are correct about the rule and I have clarified the section in various ways including making this clear.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 16:26, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Noel Tate
Who? Never heard. Exactly what has he won to earn the title "current world champion"? I thougt the previous WPA world nine-ball champ was Daryl Peach ('07). Google doesn't seem to recognise Tate either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.20.147.201 (talk) 12:30, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

No rail foul rule problem
the no rail rule is unclear when it comes to an object ball is frozen to a rail. I've played in tournaments, for 9-ball, one pocket, etc where if the non-shooting player points out or declares that the object ball is frozen to the rail, that the shooting player must either contact the object ball to one of the other three rails, or contact the cue ball to a rail. in other words just softly banking an object ball off the rail, is not considered to be an object balll "contacting a rail after the cue ball contacts". I find it odd that the official rules I read don't cover this specifically, but you can often see it described in individual tournaments' rule descriptions. if you consider that the frozen object ball is leaving the rail at the same time as the cue ball contacting the object ball and not "after" then it's vaguely described in the rules.. but then it becomes a scientific debate. So should we ignore this intricacy or should I try to add it in somewhere? Dancindazed (talk) 06:21, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. If an object ball is frozen and called frozen, then it's rebound from that rail (and failure to return) does not satisfy the ball and rail rule. The cue ball must thereafter contact a rail, or the ball (or another ball of course) must be driven to a different rail or be pocketed. It sounds like you have come across players saying that the cue ball striking the same rail as the ball after the contact does not meet the rule. If that is what you meant, that is incorrect. This issue mainly comes up when you strike a ball too full with the cue ball while it's frozen, and the cue ball bounces off, never contacting the rail. The only other place I know where this happens is when you try to send a frozen ball down the rail using inside english on an extreme cut shot by striking the rail first (about a credit card's width before the ball)—you strike the rail first with the cue ball; the cue sinks into the rail, then on the rebound it spins into the ball sending it down the rail. An extremely useful shot, but if you hit it too softly you may not get a rail afterwards, and since you struck the rail first with the cue ball, you still need a rail afterwards. The World Rules do provide detail on this. See rule 8.4 Driven to a Rail: " " As always, the (the best rule set by far) state with more clarity. See page 26. As for adding it in, I'm not sure that it belongs. We don't even attempt to list numerous rules that cover the game. We don't list all fouls for example (though we do in WP:CUEGLOSS). We can't cover all the rules here, but we do hit the highlights. This is actually a general rule of pocket billiards and not specific to nine-ball (the same rule applies in eight-ball, one-pocket, straight pool, etc.) so it's not a "nine ball rule" per se.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 07:12, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok I agree with you then, given your points. The Nine-ball page does not need to list every foul or every rule of the game, especially considering the rules that are not specific to the game. I guess the idea came from the fact that before I made some edits yesterday, the no rail rule was attempted to be explained, and I tried to clean it up a bit so I was wondering if we should make that exact but I see your point. Regarding the same rail thing, It wasn't the cue ball, but the object that I'd thought was supposed to contact a separate rail than the one it was frozen to. In other words, taking your rail first shot situation, let's say the three-ball is struck and slowly rides the rail toward the pocket but never goes in, and the cueball never hits any other rail, then it's a foul. That way you don't have two guys arguing over whether or not the three-ball actually ever came off the rail and back to it, as often it's not easy to tell, especially if the table being played on is not perfect. But given your pasting above, it seems like that argument is encouraged because it states that the object ball can come back to the same rail it was frozen to and that would avoid the foul. I find this new information and interesting. Dancindazed (talk) 17:30, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry to reply to my own post, but after reading the rulebook pdf that you linked to above, it states "if the ball used to meet the cushion contact requirement in rule 1.19.1(b) (the no rail rule) is declared frozen to a cushion at the beginning of the shot, then that ball must leave the cushion it is frozen to and then: a. contact a cushion other than the one to which it was frozen, or; b. contact another ball before it contacts the cushion to which it is frozen. Note that it says other than the one to which it was frozen. So it appears my experience is the correct interpretation of the rule. Only if it touches a ball and comes back can that rail be used to satisfy a legal shot. coming back from spin or "rail lean" wouldn't count. Where did you get that pasting that it says "unless it leaves the rail and returns"? Dancindazed (talk) 18:08, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Rule sets don't always agree. You're right that the World Rules (which are here) and the BCAPL have some variations. The World Rules though are the most "official" rules there are. With rules and pool, it's a twilight zone; there are no official rules really, there only authoritative rules. If I wrote them they would not be so ambiguous. Many tables have a groove underneath the rail where the cloth has worn down slightly. Often when you send a ball down the rail the ball is falling toward the rail slightly and touches it and comes away about 50 times before it reaches the pocket. That's why the BCAPL are just better. They don't just say more, but they try to address ambiguity. I think they're better here by requiring a different rail entirely, but for better or worse, the World Rules are the most "official" we have and they unfrotunately say returning to the rail meets the rule. We agree: it's a recipe for arguments!--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 18:35, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Cirno
Shouldn't there be a section on Touhou's resident ⑨? 108.193.230.201 (talk) 02:03, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

Equipment
Hi, I think we need a section for the "Equipment" used for nine-ball, such as the pool table size, pool ball diameter, pocket style, etc. Any comments? Aquataste (talk) 12:47, 24 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Nine-ball doesn't use any distinct and specific equipment separate from other pool games, outside of a diamond-shaped rack (and even then the standard triangle can be used usually). So instead of a specific equipment section this article only needs a link to the general pool (cue sports) article and any equipment-specific articles like billiard balls, which we already do. oknazevad (talk) 04:02, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

This article is not at all helpful
Maybe this all makes sense to a person who already knows how to play nine-ball pool, but the intended audience should be people who know nothing about the subject at all. As a person who has never even heard of nine ball, I still have no clue how this game works after reading the rules three times. So nine balls numbered 1 to 9 are put on the table. Two players are in attendance...one of them breaks. The obect of the game is to hit the lowest numbered ball. And some other more technical details. Okay, now how about explaining how two players play on the SAME set of nine balls. When does one person's turn end and the other players turn begin? These are pretty basic questions that are not answered in the text. If they are both shooting for the same set of 1 to 9, and presumably there is some mechanism that gives each player a chance to make shots, how does it work shooting the same set of balls? First player takes 8 shots and sinks all of them, sinking balls 1-8, but misses the ninth shot. Leaving player B with a single ball to hit, the ninth, lowest on the table. So he makes his shot, sinks it, and wins, because it was the last ball? That makes no sense, but from the information provided I have to assume that's how it's played. Either that or it's taken strictly in turn, shot for shot, and player who sinks 5 or more of the 9 is the winner, regardless of the person who sinks the 9? Or points are awarded for each ball sunk? It's a mystery to me, and this page does not make it at all clearer, unless I am just missing something very important. In which case it seems a if it could be made more obvious, since I cannot spot it.

Idumea47b (talk) 04:59, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi Idumea47b, After reading your post, I took a look at the rules section and (approaching it doing my best to see it from the vantage point of someone entirely unfamiliar with the game), have attempted to clarify the section with this edit and its edit summary. Please note that the link I just provided to the diff, which shows the raw changes I made, may be less helpful than viewing the section as clarified directly in the article, because those codes I used, e.g., " ", format in the rendered text as links to definitions in our glossary article for the sport, for further information on their meanings. Please advise whether this edit shed any sunlight, and if it's still unclear to you, it would be helpful to advise the specifics. Best regards--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 16:46, 19 December 2020 (UTC)

 * As to answer the question, yes, players shoot at the same set of balls, always aiming at the lowest ball on the table, and whichever one happens to sink the 9 ball wins, regardless if the other player sank all of the other 8. Or if the one layer runs the entire rack and the opponents doesn't even get a shot. It's the luck and skill aspects of the game. It's also one of the common criticisms of the game. The subsection on the break describes it more fully. oknazevad (talk) 18:43, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd be happy to rewrite the rules section if there are things missing (realistically it's pretty simple, you play from 1-9 unless you miss or foul, or if you pot the nine.) I'm on wikibreak due to a move, but I'm happy to rectify any issues if there is specific faults. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 19:39, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Fuhghettaboutit and I have both made some tweaks, but I do think a reworking could be in order. The breaking out of the rules for breaks makes some sense because otherwise they'd overwhelm the rest of the rules section, but at the same time it also has the effect of causing the section as a whole to poorly describe the flow of the game. I think they need to be better integrated, with less over-focus on the break. Yes it's important to the game, especially at the pro level. But it's literally one shot per game, and there are usually many more. oknazevad (talk) 20:18, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * No problem. I can take a look when I'm back. You are right, it is a little convoluted. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 21:27, 19 December 2020 (UTC)

No need to pocket in order
The intro says:

"players must strike the white cue ball to pocket nine colored billiard balls in ascending numerical order."

But this is not true: balls can be pocketed in any order. Except for a push out(?), the lowest numbered ball remaining on the table must be struck by the cue ball first.

I am not confident in my knowledge of the rules nor in the best way to phrase them. But I'm certain "pocketed ... in ... order" is false.

--24.212.191.236 (talk) 03:57, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I have reworded to clarify. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 07:44, 22 October 2021 (UTC)

9-ball in The Hustler?
I don't know if the term 9 ball was ever spoken in the movie or the book, but there were certainly no one playing 9 ball in either.

WikiAlto (talk) 00:02, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Clearly you need to rewatch the film. The game Eddie is playing in the pool hall where he gets his thumbs broken is unambiguously nine-ball. oknazevad (talk) 08:29, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely right. I just found a clip of that scene. My apologies (if a bit late) and thanks. WikiAlto (talk) 10:44, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

"The Hustler" has a running time of 134 minutes, a very significant portion of which is spent in pool halls. Nine-ball is played in one scene that lasts 5 minutes, and it's being played for only about two and a half minutes. That doesn't make it before the ToC notable. --- wfaulk (talk) 06:52, 27 October 2022 (UTC)
 * It's not about it being a significant part of the film, it's about the film's usage being a significant thing mentioned in sources, which is it.  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 07:50, 27 October 2022 (UTC)
 * It's in the film. Period. It's also the sole discipline player in the sequel, so removing that was completely useless. I reverted you. oknazevad (talk) 12:42, 20 November 2022 (UTC)
 * As long as it remains in the article (for reasons given by both the previous two commenters), I'm not sure I care if it's in the lead section. If we're going to mention fictional media at all, it would be The Color of Money that is a must-keep in the lead. That said, I'm not advocating directly for removing The Hustler from the lead; just kind of neutral on it.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  12:15, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Pushout rule
The description of the pushout is incorrect. It is legal for the breaker to play a pushout on his second shot, presuming that a ball was potted legally on the break. The article implies that only the non-breaker can play a pushout. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jnfnt (talk • contribs) 06:44, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Corrected. It was clearly an incorrect reading of the official rules, which were used as the source. oknazevad (talk) 08:30, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nine-ball


text:
Hipercor

Hipercor S.A. is an upscale chain of hypermarkets in Spain, belonging to the same group as El Corte Inglés. It has its head office in the El Corte Inglés head office building in Madrid.

Hipercor generally stocks a wide range of household and food products across large floorspaces (1 or 2 storeys) and are usually located as part of the same building complexes (styled as centro commercial) as the El Corte Inglés department store. The first Hipercor hypermarket was inaugurated on 5 September 1980 in Seville.

Other 'Cor' supermarkets include SuperCor (average sized units) and OpenCor, smaller convenience stores that open all year round from 07/08:00 and closing at 01/02:00 the following morning.

On 19 June 1987, a car bomb exploded in the underground car park of a Hipercor supermarket in Barcelona, killing 21 civilians and injuring 45, amongst them several small children. Santiago Arrospide, also known as Santi Potros, and Rafael Caride Simon were sentenced to 790 years in prison for their role in the attack. Both Arrospide and Simon were members of the Basque separatist group ETA.

title: Hipercor


text:
Gerald Regan

Gerald Augustine Paul Regan (February 13, 1928 – November 26, 2019) was a Canadian politician (as federal MP and later as Nova Scotia MLA), who served as the 19th premier of Nova Scotia from 1970 to 1978.

Early life and education
Regan was born in Windsor, Nova Scotia, of partial Irish descent, the son of Rose Mary (née Greene) and Walter Edward Regan. He graduated from Dalhousie Law School and was admitted to the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society in 1954.

Legal career
He became one of the region's best known labour lawyers, and his high-profile image led to an invitation to enter politics.

Political career
He was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1963 federal election. He resigned his seat in 1965 when he was named leader of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party. Regan entered the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1967, and aggressively pursued the government of Premier George Isaac Smith as Leader of the opposition. Regan led a fourteen-hour filibuster against the government's plans to increase the sales tax in 1969.

Regan's Liberals won a minority government in 1970, and were re-elected with a majority in 1974.

As premier, Regan supported industrialization and the development of offshore gas and oil. His first government amended the province's labour code to prevent courts from issuing injunctions to prevent picketing in labour disputes, and the office of the provincial ombudsman was established. In its second term, the Regan government nationalized the Nova Scotia Light and Power electrical utility, and consolidated electricity supply under the Nova Scotia Power Corporation. A massive plan for the development of tidal power in the Bay of Fundy was also announced.

His government was defeated by John Buchanan's Progressive Conservative Party in the 1978 general election, in part due to the oil shock's effect on the economy.

Regan returned to the federal House of Commons in the 1980 federal election, and was appointed Minister of Labour and Minister of State for International Trade in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Regan was defeated along with the Liberal government in the 1984 election.

Criminal charges and controversy
On October 27, 1993, CBC News revealed that the RCMP were investigating Regan for sexual misconduct. In March 1995 and May 1995 he was charged with a total of nineteen counts of sexual offences. As of April 2, 1998, there were eighteen charges, but nine were stayed by Justice J. Michael MacDonald of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.

Regan ultimately faced trial on eight charges including rape, attempted rape and forcible confinement, for crimes allegedly committed in 1956 and 1969 against victims aged 14 and 18 at the time. On December 18, 1998, he was acquitted on all eight charges by a jury.

On September 10, 1999, by a margin of 2–1, the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal reinstated the nine stayed charges regarding alleged incidents in the mid-1960s and '70s involving girls and women aged 14 to 24 at the time; two were later dropped, but the others were to be tried together with the other remaining charge. The ruling reinstating the charges was upheld in a 5–4 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in February 2002. But in April 2002, the crown attorney's office announced that it would not continue prosecution on the remaining charges of sexual assault due to the age of the allegations, the cost and the age of the defendant.

Personal life
Regan's wife was Anita Carole Thomas (Harrison), whose father, John Harrison, was a Saskatchewan Liberal Member of Parliament. They had six children, including Geoff Regan, 36th Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, who also served as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans in the government of Paul Martin from 2000 until 2006, and who served as MP for Halifax West; Nancy Regan, a local television personality with ATV; and Laura Regan, an actress.

Regan died on November 26, 2019, at the age of 91.

title: Gerald Regan


text: Template:Sovereign states of Europe

title: Template:Sovereign states of Europe


text:
Penal laws

Penal laws may refer to:

 * Criminal law
 * Penal law (British), laws to uphold the establishment of the Church of England against Catholicism
 * Penal laws (Ireland), laws to coerce the Irish to accept the anglican Church of Ireland from 1695-1829
 * Penal laws against the Welsh 1401–2, Laws against the Welsh people to coerce obedience to English rule

title: Penal laws


text:
Lisbon Strategy

The Lisbon Strategy, also known as the Lisbon Agenda or Lisbon Process, was an action and development plan devised in 2000, for the economy of the European Union between 2000 and 2010. A pivotal role in its formulation was played by the Portuguese economist Maria João Rodrigues.

Its aim was to make the EU "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion", by 2010. It was set out by the European Council in Lisbon in March 2000. By 2010, most of its goals were not achieved. It has been succeeded by the Europe 2020 strategy.

Background and objectives
The Lisbon Strategy intended to deal with the low productivity and stagnation of economic growth in the EU, through the formulation of various policy initiatives to be taken by all EU member states. The broader objectives set out by the Lisbon strategy were to be attained by 2010.

It was adopted for a ten-year period in 2000 in Lisbon, Portugal by the European Council. It broadly aimed to "make Europe, by 2010, the most competitive and the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world".

Strategy
The main fields were economic, social, and environmental renewal and sustainability. The Lisbon Strategy was heavily based on the economic concepts of:

 * Innovation as the motor for economic change (based on the writings of Joseph Schumpeter)
 * The "learning economy"
 * Social and environmental renewal

Under the strategy, a stronger economy would create employment in the EU, alongside inclusive social and environmental policies, which would themselves drive economic growth even further.

An EU research group found in 2005 that current progress had been judged "unconvincing", so a reform process was introduced wherein all goals would be reviewed every three years, with assistance provided on failing items.

Translation of the Lisbon Strategy goals into concrete measures led to the extension of the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FPs) into FP7 and the Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI).

Key thinkers and concepts
Contemporary key thinkers on whose works the Lisbon Strategy was based and/or who were involved in its creation include Maria João Rodrigues, Christopher Freeman, Bengt-Åke Lundvall, Luc Soete, Daniele Archibugi Carlota Perez, Manuel Castells, Giovanni Dosi, and Richard Nelson.

Key concepts of the Lisbon Strategy include those of the knowledge economy, innovation, techno-economic paradigms, technology governance, and the "open method of coordination" (OMC).

Midterm review
Between April and November 2004, Wim Kok headed up a review of the program and presented a report on the Lisbon strategy concluding that even if some progress was made, most of the goals were not achieved:

"European Union and its Member States have clearly themselves contributed to slow progress by failing to act on much of the Lisbon strategy with sufficient urgency. This disappointing delivery is due to an overloaded agenda, poor coordination and conflicting priorities. Still, a key issue has been the lack of determined political action"

The European Commission used this report as a basis for its proposal in February 2005 to refocus the Lisbon Agenda on actions that promote growth and jobs in a manner that is fully consistent with the objective of sustainable development. The Commission's communication stated that "making growth and jobs the immediate target goes hand in hand with promoting social or environmental objectives."

In its resolution on the midterm review of the Lisbon strategy in March 2005, the European Parliament expressed its belief that "sustainable growth and employment are Europe's most pressing goals and underpin social and environmental progress" and "that well-designed social and environmental policies are themselves key elements in strengthening Europe's economic performance".

These declarations were classed as unrealistic by some, and the failure of the "relaunch" initiative was predicted if the existing approach was not changed.

Closing review
In 2009 Swedish prime minister Fredrik Reinfeldt admitted:

"Even if progress has been made it must be said that the Lisbon Agenda, with only a year remaining before it is to be evaluated, has been a failure."

The alleged failure of the Lisbon Strategy was widely commented on in the news and by member states leaders.

Spain's prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero pointed out that the non-binding character of the Lisbon Strategy contributed to the failure, and this lesson needed to be taken into account by the new Europe 2020 strategy.

Official appraisal of the Lisbon Strategy took place in March 2010 at a European Summit, where the new Europe 2020 strategy was also launched.

Lobbiers

 * Euroscience
 * Transatlantic Business Dialogue, which took part in the report for a new restart of the agenda
 * Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe (UNICE)
 * European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC)

title: Lisbon Strategy


text:
User:Davidcannon/Lists

Lists about related topics
The following are lists of names, etc. that I started, or to which I have added a significant number of items. Lists that I have formatted will also be linked here.

 * Cabinet (Fiji): A description of Fiji's Cabinet system of government, with a list of current Cabinet member. (original)
 * Festivals in Fiji: A list that reflects Fiji's cultural diversity. (original)
 * House of Representatives (Fiji): A brief description of the Fijian House of Representatives, and a list of its members. (original)
 * Leader of the Opposition (Fiji): A commentary on the office of Leader of the Opposition, and a list of people who have held it. (original)
 * List of British High Commissioners to New Zealand: The Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)equivalent to an Ambassador). (original)
 * List of Chairmen of the Great Council of Chiefs (Fiji): A (so-far) partial listing of those who have chaired the Great Council of Chiefs. (original/stub)
 * List of Fiji-related topics: An index of (hopefully) all Wikipedia articles pertaining to Fiji. (original)
 * List of Fijians: A list of prominent Fijian people. (rewrite)
 * List of Fijian Heads of State: Links to articles about Fiji's Heads of State since the 1700s. (original)
 * List of Foreign Ministers of Fiji: Including their terms of office and the Prime Ministers under whom they served. (original)
 * List of Governors of Fiji: Covering the period 1874-1970, when Fiji was a British Crown Colony. (original)
 * List of Governors-General of Fiji: Covering the period 1970-1987. (original)
 * List of Koreans: A list of prominent Korean people. (major edit)
 * List of Lebanon-related topics: an attempt to list all Wikipedia articles pertaining to Lebanon. (original)
 * List of Ministers for Fijian Affairs: The holders of the Cabinet portfolio responsible for indigenous development in Fiji. (original)
 * List of parliamentary elections in Fiji: A list of elections to the Fijian House of Representatives since independence in 1970. (original)
 * List of political parties in Fiji: Including some historical parties. (major edit)
 * List of Presidents of Fiji: Covering the period since 1987. (original)
 * List of Presidents of Portugal: A list of all who have held the office since the republic was founded in 1910. (rewrite)
 * List of Prime Ministers of Fiji: Covering the period since 1967. (original)
 * List of Prime Ministers of Portugal: Names, dates, and links. (rewrite)
 * List of rulers of the Pitcairn Islands: Colonial governors, Magistrates, and Mayors of the world's least populated country. (original)
 * List of Speakers of the House of Representatives (Fiji): Covering the period since 1972. (original)
 * List of Tongan Monarchs: a list of the individuals who have reigned over Tonga.
 * List of Vice-Presidents of Fiji: A brief description of the office, and a list of the persons who have held it. (original)
 * List of wiki: a list of wiki- and wikilike projects. (major edit)
 * List of Incumbents: A list-of-lists, with links to many lists of political figures around the world. The FIJI section is mine. (major edit)
 * Political families of the world - A listing of (non-royal) families, from many nations, in which more than one family member has had a powerful political role. Several sections are mine. (major edit)
 * Prime Minister: An article on the office and role of the Prime Minister in numerous countries. (major edit)
 * Senate (Fiji) - a brief description of the Fijian Senate, and a list of its members. (original)

title: User:Davidcannon/Lists


text:
ISO 3166-2:LY

ISO 3166-2:LY is the entry for Libya in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Libya, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 22 popularates.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is LY, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Libya. The second part is two letters.

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

 * Notes

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998. ISO stopped issuing newsletters in 2013.

The following changes to the entry are listed on ISO's online catalogue, the Online Browsing Platform:

title: ISO 3166-2:LY


text:
ISO 3166-2:MA

ISO 3166-2:MA is the entry for Morocco in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Morocco, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:
 * 12 regions
 * 62 provinces and 13 prefectures

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is MA, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Morocco. The second part is either of the following:
 * two digits (01–12): regions
 * three letters: provinces and prefectures

The codes for the regions are assigned roughly from north to south.

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

Provinces and prefectures

 * Notes

Subdivisions located in Western Sahara
The following regions, provinces and prefectures are located in the disputed territory of Western Sahara:
 * MA-12 Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab (entirely in Western Sahara)
 * MA-AOU Aousserd (entirely in Western Sahara)
 * MA-OUD Oued Ed-Dahab (entirely in Western Sahara)
 * MA-10 Guelmim-Oued Noun (partially in Western Sahara)
 * MA-ASZ Assa-Zag (partially in Western Sahara)
 * MA-TNT Tan-Tan (partially in Western Sahara)
 * MA-11 Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra (partially in Western Sahara)
 * MA-BOD Boujdour (entirely in Western Sahara)
 * MA-ESM Es-Semara (partially in Western Sahara)
 * MA-LAA Laâyoune (entirely in Western Sahara)
 * MA-TAF Tarfaya (partially in Western Sahara)

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

title: ISO 3166-2:MA


text:
Japan Tobacco

The Japan Tobacco Inc. (日本たばこ産業株式会社) (JT) is a Japanese diversified tobacco company. It was established in 1985 as a tokushu gaisha (特殊会社) that inherited the right to monopolize and manufacture cigarettes from the Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation and required the government to hold at least 50% of its shares. In addition to tobacco, JT diversified its businesses, establishing the pharmaceutical research institute in 1993 and making a full-scale entry into the food and beverage industry in 1998. In 2008, it acquired the food manufacturer Katokichi, now TableMark, as a wholly-owned subsidiary, integrating its food business.

It is part of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Large70 indices. In 2009 the company was listed at number 312 on the Fortune 500 list. The company is headquartered in Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, and Japan Tobacco International's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. As of 2012 the chairman is Hiroshi Kimura and the CEO is Mitsuomi Koizumi.

History
Japan Tobacco is the successor entity to a nationalized tobacco monopoly first established by the Government of Japan in 1898 to secure tax revenue collections from tobacco leaf sales. In 1904, the government's leaf monopoly was extended completely to take over all tobacco business operations in the nation, including all manufactured tobacco products such as cigarettes. The ostensible reason for the expansion of control was to help fund the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War, but because all foreign tobacco interests in Japan at the time were forcibly evicted under the monopolization scheme, this also protected the domestic tobacco business for the following eighty years.

The business operated within the Japanese government as an arm of the nation's Japanese Ministry of Finance until 1949 when the Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation (日本専売公社) was established to enforce restrictive labor relations policies under the U.S. and allied forces' Occupation of Japan. The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation remained a complete state monopoly under direct Japanese Ministry of Finance authority until 1985, when Japan Tobacco, Inc. was formed as a publicly traded stock company. Periodic incremental sales of share to the public began in October 1994. Japan Tobacco became two-thirds owned by the Japanese Ministry of Finance in June 2003, and the ministry continued to own 50% until March 2013. It was announced in May 2012 that the government would sell one-sixth of the company's outstanding shares to raise ¥500 billion to finance reconstruction from the 2011 earthquake and tsunami. In 2013 the Japanese government disclosed the details of its plans to reduce its equity interest in Japan Tobacco by $10 billion, devoting the proceeds to reconstruction in northeastern Japan. The ministry of finance sold the stock in March 2013, selling about 333 million of the 1 billion shares it owned at that time. The government remains required by law to own at least one-third of JT's stock.

JT today
Japan Tobacco has 66.4% of the cigarette market in Japan. Although tobacco consumption is declining, the Japanese remain heavy smokers, consuming an average of 1,800 cigarettes per capita in 2013, compared to about 1,000 per capita in the United States.

In April 2012 it was announced that Mitsuomi Koizumi would become president, and president Hiroshi Kimura would become chairman of JT. and Chairman Yoji Wakui would retire. Wakui had previously been a bureaucrat at the ministry of finance. Koizumi assuming the presidency meant that for the first time since the 1985 privatization neither president nor chairman was from the Ministry of Finance. Koizumi, who had been Executive Deputy President, became president in June 2012.

On 30 October 2013 JT announced that it would close four Japanese factories and cut 1,600 jobs in Japan through voluntary retirements. This was planned to be completed by March 2016. JT also planned to consolidate 25 branch offices into 15 regional headquarters, and close leaf-processing and vending machine operations.

Japan Tobacco also operates in foods, pharmaceuticals, agribusiness, engineering, and real estate. It left the beverage industry in September 2015. As part of the company's pharma activities, it divested a compound collection of potassium channel inhibitors to Metrion Biosciences in 2018.

Japan Tobacco International
JT International (JTI), acquired in 1999 from R.J. Reynolds, is an operating division of Japan Tobacco Inc., and produces, markets and sells the group's cigarette brands internationally. It sells Camel, Salem, and Winston brands outside the USA.

Japan Tobacco completed the largest ever foreign takeover in Japanese history through acquisition of Gallaher Group plc in April 2007. Japan Tobacco runs the Tobacco and Salt Museum in Sumida-ku, Tokyo.

In 2006/2007 Japan Tobacco planned to start Serbia production, and also planned to invest another $100 million. JT paid "$35 million euros" [sic] for 98.5 percent of Senta Tobacco Industry in May 2006, with a further $10 million invested since then. The plant has a production capacity of some five billion cigarettes a year.

On 12 June 2014 JT concluded an agreement to acquire all outstanding shares of British e-cigarettes producer Zandera Ltd, best known for its E-Lites brand. On 30 April 2015 JT announced it had agreed to buy Florida-based e-cigarette maker Logic Technology Development LLC.

In September 2015 it was announced that JT would buy the rights for Natural American Spirit outside the US for $5 billion.

In August 2017, the company announced it would acquire the Indonesian Kretek producers Karyadibya Mahardhika and Surya Mustika Nusantara from Gudang Garam for $677 million. PT Karya Dibya Mahardhika has a main brand in Indonesia, Apache, Extreme Mild, & Minna International. After that, the Philippine's Mighty Corporation for $936 million.

In 2018, JT acquired Donskoy Tabak corporation, Russia's fourth largest cigarette manufacturer for $1.6 billion.

Lawsuits
There have been a number of Japanese court cases related to smoking, either directly or indirectly related to JT.

1980–1987 JNR Shinkansen lawsuit
A group of nonsmokers sued at the Tokyo District Court demanding that Japanese National Railways shinkansen (bullet trains) provide more non-smoking cars. The case was filed in 1980 and while the court recognized tobacco's health risks the 27 March 1987 ruling rejected the lawsuit on the basis that the plaintiffs had failed to prove their harm to be "beyond the limits of toleration".

1998–2005 Tokyo lawsuit
In 1998 seven plaintiffs represented by lawyer Yoshio Isayama sued JT at the Tokyo District Court for ¥70 million compensation (¥10 million per plaintiff) for health damage caused by smoking JT cigarettes. While similar cases had been filed in Nagoya, this was the first such case in Tokyo. In addition to financial compensation, the plaintiffs also demanded:
 * That tobacco sales through vending machines be banned;
 * That advertising on television and radio be stopped;
 * That promotions at public and sports events be halted;
 * That a more stringent warning label be printed on cigarette boxes.

The plaintiffs' case was dismissed by the district court on 21 October 2003. The court agreed with the 1980s ruling that tobacco had health risks, but said that there was no causal link between the smoking habits and the specific diseases of plaintiffs. In addition, Judge Kikuo Asaka denied that nicotine was highly addictive. Isayama said that the group would appeal the decision to the Tokyo High Court.

On 22 June 2005 the Tokyo High Court dismissed the case; by that time brought by only six plaintiffs. Three of the plaintiffs had died during the course of the case. Judge Toshinobu Akiyama said he agreed with the District Court decision. Jun Araki, the son of one of the deceased plaintiffs, said: "This ruling placed priority on the annual 2.3 trillion yen in [tobacco] tax revenue over the precious lives and health of the Japanese people". He also said the plaintiffs would appeal to the Supreme Court.

2005–2010 Yokohama lawsuit
In January 2005 plaintiffs Kenichi Morishita, Koreyoshi Takahashi, and Masanobu Mizuno filed a case in the Yokohama District Court against JT seeking ¥30 million in damages for smoking related illness. Morishita died of pneumonia while the case was being fought, and JT used the same argument as in the 1998–2005 Tokyo case, that smokers were free to quit any time and that cancer and other illnesses had multiple causes.

On 20 January 2010 the court clearly ruled that there was a link between smoking and lung cancer and respiratory illnesses, and said that smoking may be addictive. However, the court rejected the demand for damages, and said that the plaintiffs had smoked of their own free will and that there was no proof that smoking had directly caused their sicknesses.

JT flagship brands

 * Cabin (cigarette)
 * Camel (outside the USA)
 * Caster
 * Hope
 * Mevius
 * Peace
 * Pianissimo Peche
 * Sakura
 * Salem (outside the USA)
 * Seven Stars
 * Winston (outside the USA)
 * Camel Mild (Kretek)
 * Camel Purple
 * Hamlet
 * Benson & Hedges (with Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, and Gallaher Group)

Other brands

 * Amadis
 * Apache
 * Amber Leaf
 * Arsenal
 * Aspen
 * Belomorkanal
 * Bringi
 * Contessa
 * Crescent & Star
 * Death
 * Doral
 * Dorchester
 * Export A
 * Extreme Mild
 * Frontier
 * Fusion
 * Genghis Khan
 * Gold Coast
 * Hi-Lite
 * Islands
 * Kool
 * Kosmos
 * LD
 * Luch
 * Lviv
 * MacDonald
 * Magna
 * Mercedes
 * Mi-Ne
 * Minna International
 * Mighty
 * Monte Carlo
 * More
 * Nasha Prima
 * Navy
 * Nevskie
 * Nil
 * Nordic Spirit
 * North Star
 * Now
 * Old Holborn
 * Overstolz
 * Peter 1
 * Premier
 * Prima
 * Russian Style
 * Sheikh
 * Silk Cut
 * Slavia
 * Sportsman
 * Sterling
 * St. Michel
 * Sweet Menthol
 * Vantage
 * Wave
 * Winchester
 * Wings
 * Winner
 * YSL
 * LD
 * Lucky Strike
 * Zero Style Mint

Smoking etiquette posters
JTI runs a series of posters designed to educate smokers about smoking etiquette. They can be seen widely around Japan, especially located near train stations. Poster gallery

Environmental record
In 2008, Japan Tobacco had health issues involving their company: Contaminated gyoza dumplings made by a Chinese company's factory in China, which sold its products to JT, poisoned ten people, including a five-year-old girl. Thousands of other Japanese people were going to the hospital because of stomach issues as well. A number of dumplings were found containing dichlorvos and methamidophos from pesticide. The health minister of Japan said the contamination at the Chinese factory was possibly intentional, and the police are investigating for an attempted homicide. The dumplings were from China, but Japan Tobacco has said it does not plan to cease its manufacturing in China. Frozen food sales went down by 60% for the business since this health scare. Japan Tobacco's stock price fell 7.1% after they were forced to recall their products, and the company also lost a $500 million merger deal with Nissin Foods because of this incident.

Anti-illicit trade compliance
Japan Tobacco Inc, through its international operating divisions JT International S.A. and JT International Holding BV, signed a Cooperation Agreement with the European Commission in 2007 to combat the illicit trade in cigarettes under Article 9 of which the company agreed to "pro-actively disclose" to the European Commission's Anti-Fraud Office (Office Europeen de Lutte Antifraude – OLAF) "...all material information coming into (its) possession after the Execution Date relating to potentially Illegal Product." The Agreement defines "Illegal Product" as Contraband or Counterfeit Cigarettes. Both Japan Tobacco Inc and JT International S.A. claim to adhere to a "zero-tolerance approach" to illicit trade.

JT International S.A. and several of its distributors, including Megapolis in Russia and IBCS Trading in Cyprus, however, have been implicated as recently as 2011 in widespread smuggling to include selling cigarettes to a buyer in Syria subject to EU, Swiss, and US Sanctions and diverting cigarettes from Russia into the European Union and smuggling Winston and other popular cigarette brands into Iran. A JT International S.A. executive told the Wall Street Journal in August 2012 that the firm had continued to ship cigarettes to Syria until as recently as February 2012, almost a full year after the imposition of EU and US sanctions. The Journal cited Syrian dissident sources who claimed that the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad uses cigarettes as payment for the irregular military forces and militias, known as the shabeeha, who have had a central role in its violent crackdown.

Company documents show that in 2010 the head of the JT International SA security office – who performed a similar function at the former Gallaher Group PLC – sought to destroy evidence linking up to 13 company officers to smugglers in the Balkans region; a parallel effort was then being run by company management to hack into the emails of company anti-smuggling investigators, competitors, and law enforcement.

The firm also announced in 2011 that it had purchased the largest cigarette producer in Sudan and South Sudan as part of an effort to expand sales in the war-torn region, which has emerged as an entrepot for cigarette smuggling.

Sponsorships

 * Galan Slim Loud & Vote Back To 80's
 * Galan Slim Rock Your City
 * Golf Nippon Series JT Cup (1998 – present)
 * Mild Seven Tennis WTA Championships
 * Mild Seven Outdoor Quest
 * Mild Seven Millennium Countdown (31 December 1999 – 1 January 2000)
 * Mild Seven (2012-2013 March) Benson & Hedges (2013 – present) a Pobol y Cwm Welsh Language Drama
 * Wismilak Diplomat Success Challenge IDR 500.000.000 (2010, 2011, and 2012-2017 not together again Wismilak in Japan Tobacco since 2011-2016)
 * Wismilak International Tennis WTA Championships
 * Wismilak Slim Bolaria
 * Gudang Garam Intersport Worldstage (2015–present)
 * Suryanation Motorland (2015–present)

title: Japan Tobacco


text:
ISO 3166-2:MO

ISO 3166-2:MO is the entry for Macao (also called Macau in English) in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Macao.

Macao, a special administrative region of China, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code MO. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code CN-MO under the entry for China.

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

title: ISO 3166-2:MO


text:
ISO 3166-2:MW

ISO 3166-2:MW is the entry for Malawi in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Malawi, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:
 * 3 regions
 * 28 districts

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is MW, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Malawi. The second part is either of the following:
 * one letter: regions
 * two letters: districts

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

ISO 639-1 codes are used to represent subdivision names in the following administrative languages:
 * (en): English
 * (ny): Chichewa

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

title: ISO 3166-2:MW


text:
Priority inversion

In computer science, priority inversion is a scenario in scheduling in which a high-priority task is indirectly superseded by a lower-priority task effectively inverting the assigned priorities of the tasks. This violates the priority model that high-priority tasks can only be prevented from running by higher-priority tasks. Inversion occurs when there is a resource contention with a low-priority task that is then preempted by a medium-priority task.

Formulation
Consider two tasks H and L, of high and low priority respectively, either of which can acquire exclusive use of a shared resource R. If H attempts to acquire R after L has acquired it, then H becomes blocked until L relinquishes the resource. Sharing an exclusive-use resource (R in this case) in a well-designed system typically involves L relinquishing R promptly so that H (a higher-priority task) does not stay blocked for excessive periods of time. Despite good design, however, it is possible that a third task M of medium priority becomes runnable during L ' s use of R. At this point, M being higher in priority than L, preempts L (since M does not depend on R), causing L to not be able to relinquish R promptly, in turn causing H—the highest-priority process—to be unable to run (that is, H suffers unexpected blockage indirectly caused by lower-priority tasks like M).

Consequences
In some cases, priority inversion can occur without causing immediate harm—the delayed execution of the high-priority task goes unnoticed, and eventually, the low-priority task releases the shared resource. However, there are also many situations in which priority inversion can cause serious problems. If the high-priority task is left starved of the resources, it might lead to a system malfunction or the triggering of pre-defined corrective measures, such as a watchdog timer resetting the entire system. The trouble experienced by the Mars Pathfinder lander in 1997 is a classic example of problems caused by priority inversion in realtime systems.

Priority inversion can also reduce the perceived performance of the system. Low-priority tasks usually have a low priority because it is not important for them to finish promptly (for example, they might be a batch job or another non-interactive activity). Similarly, a high-priority task has a high priority because it is more likely to be subject to strict time constraints—it may be providing data to an interactive user, or acting subject to real-time response guarantees. Because priority inversion results in the execution of a lower-priority task blocking the high-priority task, it can lead to reduced system responsiveness or even the violation of response time guarantees.

A similar problem called deadline interchange can occur within earliest deadline first scheduling (EDF).

Solutions
The existence of this problem has been known since the 1970s. Lampson and Redell published one of the first papers to point out the priority inversion problem. Systems such as the UNIX kernel were already addressing the problem with the splx primitive. There is no foolproof method to predict the situation. There are however many existing solutions, of which the most common ones are:

 * Disabling all interrupts to protect critical sections
 * When disabling interrupts is used to prevent priority inversion, there are only two priorities: preemptible, and interrupts disabled. With no third priority, inversion is impossible. Since there's only one piece of lock data (the interrupt-enable bit), misordering locking is impossible, and so deadlocks cannot occur. Since the critical regions always run to completion, hangs do not occur. Note that this only works if all interrupts are disabled.  If only a particular hardware device's interrupt is disabled, priority inversion is reintroduced by the hardware's prioritization of interrupts.  In early versions of UNIX, a series of primitives named splx(0) ... splx(7) disabled all interrupts up through the given priority. By properly choosing the highest priority of any interrupt that ever entered the critical section, the priority inversion problem could be solved without locking out all of the interrupts. Ceilings were assigned in rate-monotonic order, i.e. the slower devices had lower priorities.
 * In multiple CPU systems, a simple variation, "single shared-flag locking" is used. This scheme provides a single flag in shared memory that is used by all CPUs to lock all inter-processor critical sections with a busy-wait. Interprocessor communications are expensive and slow on most multiple CPU systems. Therefore, most such systems are designed to minimize shared resources. As a result, this scheme actually works well on many practical systems. These methods are widely used in simple embedded systems, where they are prized for their reliability, simplicity and low resource use. These schemes also require clever programming to keep the critical sections very brief. Many software engineers consider them impractical in general-purpose computers.

 * Priority ceiling protocol
 * With priority ceiling protocol, the shared mutex process (that runs the operating system code) has a characteristic (high) priority of its own, which is assigned to the task of locking the mutex. This works well, provided the other high-priority task(s) that tries to access the mutex does not have a priority higher than the ceiling priority.

 * Priority inheritance
 * Under the policy of priority inheritance, whenever a high-priority task has to wait for some resource shared with an executing low-priority task, the low-priority task is temporarily assigned the priority of the highest waiting priority task for the duration of its own use of the shared resource, thus keeping medium priority tasks from pre-empting the (originally) low priority task, and thereby affecting the waiting high priority task as well. Once the resource is released, the low-priority task continues at its original priority level.

 * Random boosting
 * Ready tasks holding locks are randomly boosted in priority until they exit the critical section. This solution is used in Microsoft Windows.

 * Avoid blocking
 * Because priority inversion involves a low-priority task blocking a high-priority task, one way to avoid priority inversion is to avoid blocking, for example by using non-blocking algorithms such as read-copy-update.

title: Priority inversion