text:
Talk:McFly (disambiguation)

That line was necessary to avoid confusion, wik. Anthony DiPierro 16:09, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

McFly is also Marty McFly's last name. Rickyrab 18:23, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yes, it should be made into a disambig page or redirected. Anthony DiPierro 18:25, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * It's already mentioned on the "see also" - but if you really want to make a big deal out of it (who's gonna link to Mcfly looking for Marty McFly), move it to McFly (band)... ugen64 22:38, Mar 5, 2004 (UTC)

From VfD, Feb 2004

 * Little-known band. Article was created by Anthony sockpuppet just so he could put a mention of his fork on there. --Wik 16:04, Mar 4, 2004 (UTC) +
 * Delete. Muriel 16:44, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Or redirect to Back To The Future, if the cultural reference is strong enough. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 16:52, Mar 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * I guess someone alread has done so... These vfd conversations are always confusing, because people keep changing the articles while they are under discussion. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 16:54, Mar 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirected to Marty McFly. Keep as redirect. Anthony DiPierro 16:53, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Keep but delete reference to fork - Page does not appear to be a redirect - seems to have morphed from a vanity/advert to the little known band and possibly to a redirect and back to an article - delete this mess and let someone else start over without bias - Texture 17:27, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * It was a redirect but wik kept reverting it. Anthony DiPierro 17:28, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep until unprotected. Anthony DiPierro 17:45, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * On the request for page protection you want the page deleted and here you vote to keep it? - Texture 17:58, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I also understood the same thing... Strange. Maybe Anthony needs some sleep? :) or he just changed his mind? Optim 18:20, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * That was before I realized it should be a redirect. Anthony DiPierro 18:24, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-famous. Moncrief, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, due to not being notable. Ambivalenthysteria 12:22, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:13, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 *  You know there was an Anthony-related fuss about the band McFly? They were on UK tv this morning - not such a small band after all - from IRC.
 * "McFly are tipped to be one of the biggest bands of 2004." - BBCi
 * This definitely needs to be a disambig page. Anthony DiPierro 14:58, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. We know that the reason for listing is inaccurate, so it's no longer a deletion candidate. Jamesday 00:08, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

This is clearly a notable band. There's no reason to delete this page.—Eloquence
 * Please respect the consensus. --Wik 15:09, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Clearly there is no consensus, and new information contradicts some statements that have been made. This page cannot be deleted until that evidence is carefully reexamined. In the meantime I ask that you and Anthony recuse yourselves from this article as you clearly have personal problems with each other to work out.—Eloquence

 * You have got to be kidding. Consensus is not unanimity. By the way, it wasn't 5 days on VfD. Why was it removed? --Wik 15:19, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * It wasn't removed. It's still there now. The discussion was moved because VfD was 110kb. Angela. 15:28, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Then why did Eloquence remove the VfD header? --Wik 15:34, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a completely different page from what was on VfD. Even if it were deleted, this new page could still have been recreated. Anthony DiPierro 15:47, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to recuse myself from a page just because Wik vandalises it. Anthony DiPierro 15:15, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * BTW, "rv and protect"? That's so against policy. Anthony DiPierro 15:17, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you sure you guys don't want to join forces? You'd make a great comedy team.—Eloquence

McFly was the last name of the family in Back to the Future.

Some characters from the movie:
 * Marty McFly
 * Lorraine Baines McFly
 * George McFly

Many things have been named after this character:
 * McFly - an 80s cover band.
 * McFly - a wikipedia fork.
 * McFly - a UK boy band.

disambig

 * I'm not too happy with the name index, but otherwise it seems OK to me.—Eloquence
 * Well, Marty McFly is the main character, but George McFly is called "McFly" in the movie. As for Lorraine McFly, it really doesn't matter if she's listed or not, but this would have to be rephrased then.  Could maybe even leave out Marty McFly and just mention George in the first sentence. Anthony DiPierro 15:24, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'm going to unprotect this now, but if you guys start edit warring again, I will re-protect the present revision.—Eloquence 15:28, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

Why?
I am going to throw my hat into this circle of snarling pitbulls and ask: was McFly removed from VfD prior to the 5-day voting period as Wik claims? Why was it removed if the majority was voting to delete? Can it be deleted at the end of 5 days? Why does the current page continue to reference the vanity/advert website posting that was voted for deletion? When the 5-day period has passed and the vote (now in the talk page) remains strongly to the "delete" result, can I delete it? - Texture 23:26, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The reason for listing was Little-known band. Article was created by Anthony sockpuppet just so he could put a mention of his fork on there. We now know that it's the name of one of the hot prospects for a UK boy band and that makes the reason for listing no longer valid. So, not deletable. If you delete based on a reason which no longer applies, someone would have to undelete the inappropriate deletion. Since it was not deletable, removal wasn't problematic, though a note that it was removed and why should have been left there for a while. Jamesday 00:06, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, you can. Please do. --Wik 23:29, Mar 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Clearly there is no consensus that it should be deleted. Anthony DiPierro 23:31, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * McFly is a real boy band that deserves an article, . This information was discovered in the middle of the VfD process so I don't think we can just go ahead and delete the page based on comments made before that finding. Some information about the band can be found in the page history.

 * Whether we need a disambiguation page here can be debated. I personally think there's established precedent to have an article about the website McFly. Basically, we try to have descriptions for all sites listed on Sites using MediaWiki. Anthony has been very accommodating to meet the terms of our license. He has registered a domain name for his project. He is actively making edits there -- more active than some of the other MediaWiki sites. It seems to be a real project, so I would object to deletion of the page for similar reasons I would object to deleting Wikinfo. However, as a compromise I would accept it if we only allow McFly (website) to be kept if it is created by someone other than Anthony.—Eloquence 23:33, Mar 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have written a decent start of an article for the UK boy band. The quickest search of Google indicates that there is sufficient material for an article on the 80s cover band. I personally would prefer to have Anthony's site featured in the Wikipedia: namespace than the article namespace (same goes for Wikinfo). The two projects are just too low profile right now - best not to afford them special privileges just because they are related to Wikipedia.

 * Texture, on the more general points, please stop being so dogmatic about VfD. VfD is not a simplistic vote-by-numbers. Early votes on an article often become out-of-date. New information is uncovered, updates to the article are made. What are you trying improve about Wikipedia by effectively saying "All pages must remain listed for five days. We must not use common sense, we must operate a simple majority voting?" Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 11:46, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The same reason that each person arrested gets "a speedy trial" and other such rules. If a vote is listed for less time people may miss the vote.  I would rather see everyone get to vote by following the 5 day guideline.  If a listing becomes "out-of-date" then note that and people can reevaluate. - Texture 13:55, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Around 500 edits are made per hour on Wikipedia. It is not possible for every user to monitor every decision made. VfD does not have privileged status in this regard. If a listing becomes "out-of-date" then the list is (often) pointless. People do re-evaluate - new people making comments take into account the new information. But there is a ludicrous tendency amongst some people to do a "one person one vote" count regardless of how "stale" the original votes are. Removal from VfD can actually prevent bad decisions being made. In the month or so since we first had this conversation, there has still been no example of a listing that has been prematurely removed and then needed to be deleted. You were about process, when there is nothing currently wrong with the outcome of that process. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 14:14, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Bear in mind I am only asking questions. If they seem obvious this is a sign that they are not.  Let me ask a few more.  I still don't understand why the original page we wanted removed by a majority is now linked in the article (even if not yet created).  That seems to fly against concensus. - Texture 15:36, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Sadly, I think the current en passe exists because of a clash of two of Wikipedia's least co-operative users. To delete the link would be to inflame Anthony, to create the article would inflame Wik. My proposed solution is to have the article in the Wikipedia: namespace (along with Wikinfo). Erik's solution is to wait to see if someone other than Anthony or himself creates the article, thereby giving it greater validity. There's no great hurry to pick which. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 15:54, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Should this be relisted? Wik obviously still wants it deleted but to return it to its former position would give it about one day for review.  Wik, would you like to relist it at the bottom of VfD?  A resampling of votes may make the disambiguation page legit or deleted. - Texture 15:36, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * No it shouldn't. What possible grounds for deletion are there? It would simply add extra cruft to the VfD, which is hardly the most manageable page anyway. And why is a page only "legit" if it has survived the VfD gauntlet? 99.9% of pages haven't done that. Again, you are attaching too much importance to VfD. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 15:54, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * VfD is a nomination for deletion. If a page remains on the same topic and does not "survive the VfD gauntlet" then the concensus is that it should be gone.  If a page is not nominated then it is legit by definition. - Texture 15:57, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Geesh, why should I care anymore. List the thing. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 16:00, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * This has already been decided. People are free to change their votes, but when they don't do so, the vote stands. It is to be deleted immediately, and when sysops fail to do so I will blank it whenever it's unprotected. This "new information" line is ludicrous. Pete apparently thinks whatever is new to him must be new to everyone else. It's as if someone creates an article titled "2+2" with the content "4". Ten people vote to delete, then Pete comes and says "Wait a minute! I just found out two and two actually is four! I can confirm it! The previous votes are invalid in the light of this new information!" --Wik 15:43, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * For my part my vote has changed. While I would like the reference to the fork removed (since that is what we all agreed must go) I do not agree that the disamb should go.  I looked at it trying to decide if we really need it or if it should just be a page about the band and I could go either way but without the fork I don't see a need to remove it.  It was removed before everyone got to vote (5 days, yes I still think the rule is a good one) so it is not a valid tally to delete.  Think of the change in the article as titled "4" with the content "Bush is a four letter word".  Everyone votes to delete.  Two days later someone takes it on themselves to delete it and a day later it is recreated with the content "2+2".  Now it is not the same article but it has the same title.  If it needs to it can be relisted. (Maybe I'm rambling and should sit back now...) - Texture 15:57, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Let people change their own votes. The original article was about a band. And the people who voted will have googled for bands of that name and found that none is relevant, so I don't see how the addition of another band of that name changes things. And an article about the fork had previously been deleted months ago. That Anthony included this again is just another reason to ban him. --Wik 16:04, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * That article was deleted because there was no evidence for the site's existence. Now there is. Really, Wik, none of your arguments here makes sense. It seems to me that this is more about your ego than anything else.—Eloquence

 * Where did anyone say "there was no evidence for the site's existence"? Obviously the site exists. It's just irrelevant. --Wik 16:11, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * At the time, Anthony's site was not reachable. Now it has been for several weeks, and it's clear that it is an active project. I agree that it's not a particularly important site. Several compromises have been proposed to account for that fact (page in the Wikipedia: namespace, page created by someone other than Anthony etc.). It would be a very welcome change if you would try to work with us to implement one of those compromises.—Eloquence 16:19, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you're confusing this with Anthony's listing of McFly on another page. It was temporarily not reachable then. As soon as it was, Anthony relisted it on that page. But he did not recreate the McFly page until now, although it was deleted in January. Unfortunately the VfD history is unreachable, but I believe it was deleted not because there was no evidence of the site's existence but because it was irrelevant. Otherwise Anthony would have recreated it immediately when it was reachable again. And as to "active project" that is ridiculous. How many people do you think are active there besides Anthony? It is pure trolling. He made a copy of Wikipedia months ago, meaning that by now his copy misses tens of thousands of useful edits made on Wikipedia since then - and in their place he added maybe a dozen vanity articles about random people that got deleted here. Yeah, that's some serious project. --Wik 16:32, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, as far as I remember, I voted to delete McFly on VfD because it didn't exist. I don't know what Anthony's goals are with McFly, and thanks to the fact that we don't allow him to create an article about it, it's very difficult to find out ;-). But I doubt he did create it for the purpose of trolling only, as he spent quite some time refining the license, importing the page histories etc. Besides, Wikinfo also has lots of articles that were deleted from Wikipedia - the two projects seem very similar to me, both are more inclusive than Wikipedia. Please understand that having these forks is actually a good thing. Many of the most persistent trolls on Wikipedia are now on Wikinfo.—Eloquence 16:42, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

Inclusion
If an article has been deleted once for obscurity, please don't list it here and invite re-creation, okay? --Jiang 10:49, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know the history and haven't figured it out. Was McFly (website) ever specifically tapped for deletion?  I found it as a link off the list of wikis using MediaWiki.  It seems like a real (albeit pathetic) Wiki project, and as I understand it we cover such things.  Someone above said something about how the site was down for a bit, which created confusion as to whether it actually existed, now resolved. -- VV 04:25, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Yes, McFly the fork was put on vfd and deleted.--Jiang 22:49, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The issues Texture raises about temporary inaccessibility you feel are a non-issue? -- VV 22:28, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

unprotected

 * McFly - unprotect. Last revert by sockpuppet only. --Wik 03:18, Apr 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * unprotect. Kingturtle is once again protecting pages without a legitimate reason. anthony (see warning) 11:54, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * (cur) (last) . . 22:00, Apr 9, 2004 . . 67.101.146.58 ((rv))
 * (cur) (last) . . 16:36, Apr 9, 2004 . . Maximus Rex
 * (cur) (last) . . 16:34, Apr 9, 2004 . . VeryVerily (i guess this needs to be protected for life)
 * (cur) (last) . . 15:15, Apr 9, 2004 . . Wik (rv)
 * (cur) (last) . . 13:17, Apr 9, 2004 . . VeryVerily (rv; same issue)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:51, Apr 9, 2004 . . Wik (rv)
 * Looks like enough reason for me. Until you use the talk page, I see no reason to unprotect. I doubt anyone else will either. →Raul654 16:04, Apr 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * I have used the talk page. So has wik.  So has VeryVerily.  Why should VeryVerily be allowed to get a force a page to be protected for life? Again, I don't see a legitimate reason.  The page has been protected multiple times already.  Page protection has failed.  It is only doing harm, and is not causing anyone to cool-down.  anthony (see warning) 12:23, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Unprotected per request. Martin 18:09, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Cover band and fork removed "as per vfd"... in that case this page should be about McFly the number 1 band in the UK... it obviously doesn't need to be disambiguated against the name of the family in Back to the Future. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 18:39, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, delete it and then move the band page here. --Wik 18:50, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * I find it hard to see how the original and more popular use of a name "obviously doesn't need to be disambiguated against". And as for VfD, there was no decision made on VfD.  The page was taken off before it was listed for the proper amount of time.  anthony (see warning)

 * About the second point, the person who removed the two red links said in his/her summary comment "removed as per vfd" - I was responding to that here as I don't follow vfd anymore so don't what was actually said.

 * About the first point, there is no need for an article McFly (family name of the main family in Back to the Future), so we are not disambiguating two names. In any case, if McFly (UK band] were moved here, we would still have a mention of the use of the name in BTTF as that article mentions it! Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 08:02, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * McFly isn't disambiguating to the family, it is disambiguating to the fictional people, at least two of whom were called McFly. anthony (see warning) 09:58, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * It seems Wik should not be taking the initiative here, as he seems too strongly involved in this dispute. -- VV 22:45, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Disambig Page
I have yet to find one article that links here looking for Marty McFly of almost 200 disambig links. I recommend pointing all Mcfly links to McFly (band). --Knulclunk 13:26, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I (still) recommend reversing the move of McFly to McFly (band). — AnemoneProjectors  ( zomg! ) 20:24, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I second that. -Trampikey(talk)(contribs) 21:01, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm for redirecting McFly to McFly (band) and having a at the top of McFly. --Indolences 04:57, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I very much agree. Nobody who's searching for "McFly" is looking for Marty; they'd search "Back to the Future" or "Michael J. Fox" sooner. Thor Rudebeck 13:25, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for handling this, Indolences. :) --Knulclunk 23:06, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:McFly (disambiguation)


text:
Mairie d'Ivry station

Mairie d'Ivry is the southeastern terminus of line 7 of the Paris Métro, in the commune of Ivry-sur-Seine.

History
The station opened on 1 May 1946 when the line was extended from Porte d'Ivry and has served as its southeastern terminus since.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors were renovated and modernised on 29 June 2005.

In 2019, the station was used by 3,074,561 passengers, making it the 165th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 1,800,848 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 137th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 2,042,071 passengers, making it the 174th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Access
The station has three accesses:

 * Access 1: Place de la République (with two staircases)
 * Access 2: rue Robespierre Centre Commercial (with an ascending escalator)
 * Access 3: rue Marat

Platforms
The station has a particular arrangement specific to the stations serving or had served as a terminus. It has three tracks and two platforms. The side platform serves as the arrival platform while the island platform serves as the departure platform.

RER
A remote connection with line C of the RER via Ivry-sur-Seine station is possible, about 650 metres away along avenue Georges-Gosnat.

Bus
The station is also served by lines 125, 132, 182, and 323 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Église Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul d'Ivry-sur-Seine
 * Cimetière ancien d'Ivry-sur-Seine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mairie d'Ivry station


text:
Talk:Lists of places

Untitled
umm... list of placenames over 20 letters long doesn't fit into the etymology section as etymology deals with the "origin of words".

Also the link is already present in the "Other lists of places" section. Jay 16:10, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I have removed the link for you. In future, you can make changes like that yourself. The rule is to be bold. :-) — Timwi 16:27, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Not my style :) Boldness is not a rule either. "One person's improvement is another's desecration, and nobody likes to see their work just flushed without warning." (Editing_policy) Jay 18:40, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I added "List of short place names" and "List of long place names" into the Other lists of places section. --Love Krittaya (talk) 22:02, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

incomplete list
One example is Canada Sorry let me reword that I meant Canada was not included yet — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.101.160.189 (talk • contribs)
 * You can create a List of places in Canada and include that in the list. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 17:53, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

Policy proposal
Please see: Locations in fiction, fictional locations, and settings. —Lady Aleena talk / contribs 20:38, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lists of places


text:
Bréville

Bréville may refer:

Communes in France

 * Bréville, Charente
 * Bréville-les-Monts, in the Calvados département
 * Bréville-sur-Mer, in the Manche département

Other uses

 * Breville Group or Breville, an Australian manufacturer of small home appliances
 * Breville, a brand of Breville Group
 * Pierre de Bréville (1861–1949), French composer
 * Louis Breville (1918–1928), a chief engineer with Chemins de Fer du Nord

title: Bréville


text:
Bréville-les-Monts

Bréville-les-Monts is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It was the location for the Battle of Bréville fought by the 6th Airborne Division during the Second World War.

History
The town was formerly called Bréville, and was officially renamed Bréville-les-Monts on August 26, 2004.

Twin towns

 * Hillerse in Germany

title: Bréville-les-Monts


text:
Talk:Battleship Potemkin

available non-proprietary format?
Isn't this movie available somewhere in a non-proprietary format? Copyright has expired, so it's legal to put a link to a good quality version on Wikipedia. I tried looking on Archive.org, but they don't have it (yet?). Guaka 16:14, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Apparently, they do now, though I haven't tried downloading it so I don't know what the quality's like, or if there's a better version somewhere. --Estrellador* 17:16, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

I watched it for free on hulu.com in May 2011. However, the score was not the original - Dmitri Shostakovich music from 1957 has been added (among others). I can't tell what other edits may have been done from the original since I have no reference to compare to. Its a decent movie, yet I wonder about the editing by propogandists over the years.--74.107.74.39 (talk) 03:09, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Russian
It is usually written in simplified form Потемкин in Russia (instead of Потёмкин), but it is still pronounced in English "Potyomkin", not "Potyemkin" (in fact, it is pronounced "Patyomkin" because of unstressed "o") Pibwl 23:59, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * In English it's pronounced "Poh-tem-kin" because we don't know any better :P D Boland (talk) 21:47, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

Review poor
The Maoist International Movement review here is actually a fairly poor-quality and perfunctory review. There is a brief biography of Eisenstein and only a paragraph or two about the movie itself, focusing mostly on one or two very minor details. From reading this review, a reader would get very little idea of the historical significance of the film or even what the film was about. My personal opinion is that this is not a worthy external link. -- Curps 18:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"Historical context" section removed
The whole section removed.
 * Being released in 1925, it has been suggested that the film was a response to the social disorder of the Russian Civil War. 1921 had seen the Kronstadt Rebellion, a naval revolt in St Petersberg, in response to the War Communism policies of Bolshevik rule. The release of the film could be seen as part of an ongoing attempt to pacify and rehabilitate the Navy and the Russian people as a whole.

This is a speculation. mikka (t) 18:12, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Premiere
Page about the December 5 says, that it was premiered on December 5 1926, however the film was made in 1925. What is the truth behind this? --romanm (talk) 12:23, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

A hit or not a hit
An anon tries to add a change that the movie was not a hit with Russian audiences and even added a strange reference ("Ivan the Terible"; without actual quote ). Either he is simply trolling or doesn't understand the time and place. Any new film was a hit in Russia in 1925. there were not so many of them. You were watching what you got. And it was to the tastes of workers and peasants. And probably not to the tastes of refined esthets. `'mikka (t) 21:19, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Russian Masses did not understand or enjoy Potemkin:

"[Eisenstein] was disappointed when Potemkin failed to attract masses of viewers." Neuberger, Joan. Ivan the Terrible. London 2003. pg 7

"No thinking filmgoer can remain unmoved by Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin (more popular abroad than in Russia)...But the masses did not repsond with enthusiasm to the language of montage because of its conceptual and stylistic difficulties." Stites, Richard. Russian Popular Culture. Cambridge 1992. pg 55

"History as parable: Christmas Eve, 1925, the Moscow premiere of Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin. Two weeks later, it opens to the Russian public on the same day as a splashy American production of Robin Hood. In just a few weeks Robin Hood is a box-office hit, while Potemkin is 'quietly pulled from the grubby, second-rate cinemas where it had been playing to almost deserted houses.' Eisenstein has bombed." http://www.goodreports.net/reviews/moviesandmoney.htm

And from the entry here at Wikipedia on Eisenstein (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein): "Furthermore, Eisenstein's experimentalistic films, while successful critically abroad, were not terribly interesting to Soviet film audiences, who wanted action films with comprehensible stories. The average Soviet simply wanted a version of The Mark of Zorro or Metropolis with the hero a Communist and the villain a Capitalist."

Russian people did not enjoy Russian films during this time period. Most of the movies they went to see were American films.

The change is restored, although I find the quotes above not especially convincing. That Robin Hood was more attractive I may believe, but the whole description of the events fits American movie business model, rather than Soviet propaganda film model. `'mikka (t) 00:45, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Look, its simple. The ideologoy of the Americans and the Russians was different. However, not every Russian was fully literate in Marx, most of them were average joes who want to watch an action movie. Just like today, most people, no matter the country, want an action movie or a comedy or something not artistic, perhaps more so in the Russian 20s. All proletariats, less educated and wanting more to escapism from their horrible lot in life. Very likely the people who voted it one of the best movies in the world are closer to the bourgeois than the proletariat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.112.16.133 (talk) 20:22, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Less than perfect ratings by critics suggest some flaws, but none are cited in the main article. I consider it to be a great movie, but perhaps it does not stand the test of time, or some other matter?    I'm waiting on more critical vision than mine.--68.188.183.91 (talk) 03:06, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Lookey Likey

Sorry to be frivilous for a moment - but does the chap in this poster look like Ronnie Barker to you? --kylet 18:51, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Not to be frivilous either, but this is the most boring movie ever made. --Ymallet 15:05, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Clearly you've never seen any of Andy Warhol's (or almost any other) experimental films. Go watch Empire or Sleep and get back to us on boring. Litch (talk) 02:03, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Not to be frivolous as well, but Wikipedia is neither a blog nor a forum. Cmapm 16:01, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I respectfully agree with the Ronnie Barker comment. Also, although I have not seen the film in its entirety, it does sound pretty boring.  As for the last comment: well that's just where you're wrong I'm afraid.  Sorry mate!  Dr Spam (MD) 07:55, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Influences
One cannot forget Bonnie and Clyde, the film, when Warren Beatty is shot in the eye. This sequence comes from the film. Saxophobia 20:34, 4 June 2007 (UTC))

In 1928 director Boris Barnet parodied the Odessa Steps sequence in "The House on Trubnaya Square" as a chase for a runaway duck causes havoc in Red Square.Saxophobia 20:32, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
Note the problem with note 4. Looks like someone messed up the reference syntax --Droll 03:58, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed.Cop 633 15:01, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

While finding both the new location of the dead link for reference 1 (and confirming that this was the same review by finding it in the Internet Archive) I ended up discovering that this reference doesn't support the claim. I've removed it from the intro paragraph and added the "citation needed". Could someone double-check me and check to see if it's relevant to the the second place it is used as a citation? Here are the URLs for your convenience. New location: http://www.amc.com/movie/1925/Battleship+Potemkin Internet Archive as confirmation: https://web.archive.org/web/20111123151406/http://www.filmcritic.com/reviews/1925/battleship-potemkin/ 98.246.192.51 (talk) 14:19, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

"Kill the Jews"?
Can anyone explain as to why, at about minute 42, a well-dressed man in the crowd randomly shouts "Kill the Jews" as they are rallying in support of the sailors? That just seems really odd, and maybe it should be mentioned in the article.

Rebelyell2006 18:44, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

I believe this is a reference to the Tsarist regime's use of anti-semitism to try to direct popular anger away from them. Notice how before that scene, one of the main speakers says, let nothing divide us or something of that sort (ie, don't let ethnicity divide us), and notice how the well-dressed man was brutally beaten afterwards. This could actually be a reference especially to the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which was commissioned by those against the Russian revolutionary movement and tried to point to Jews as the cause of the world's problems instead of the repressive regimes that fueled revolutionary resentment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.52.215.67 (talk) 20:07, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps this should be mentioned in the article.

Rebelyell2006 21:09, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

^I agree. There's a pretty clear attempt in this article to link Potemkin to the nazis, one which I think is pretty unsupported historically or content-wise in the film. I took out the unsourced claim that it "influenced" Triumph of the Will. The film also likely influenced John Ford and Frank Capra... Regardless of your ideology, this is an enormously important film in the history of cinema and deserves a much better and balanced article. Negatia 20:02, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps the reason for the "Kill the Jews" shout was a reference to historical reality. There were revolts against the Tsar in many towns and cities in the Russian Empire in 1905, and these included a wave of anti-semitic attacks. Whilst researching the history of Dnepropetrovsk I found a paper on dealing with anti-semitism in the revolt there: see Surh, Gerald, Ekaterinoslav City in 1905: Workers, Jews, and Violence, published in International Labor and Working-Class History No. 64, Fall 2003, pages 139–166.--Toddy1 (talk) 12:56, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Toddy1, its the other way around - tsar = anti-jews, revolution = pro-jews --Topk (talk) 23:29, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Many of the leaders of communist revolutionaries during the period were Ashkenazim, having not yet watched this (I'm still buffering it, but Wikimedia is woefully slow today.) I can only assuming it was Tsarist's shouting that? The mere fact we're discussing it is evidence of it's notability and thus it's inclusion is a must. Could someone who has watched this add it in? Historically there is a close link between Ashkenazi Jew's and socialist, communist, and even anarchist revolutions, whether real or imagined. Also at the time the global image of a 'terrorist' was, and for many decades thereafter, associated with left-wing often 'anarchist' European Jewry, who conducted politically motivated bombing campaigns of significant note (documented events aside, the frequency real or imagined was enough that the stereotype persisted for almost a century), fueling anti-Semitic hatred at the time. So with such an anti-establishment stereotype there is no possible way it was revolutionaries calling for the killing of Jews, it would have to have been establishmentarianists. BaSH PR0MPT (talk) 03:51, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

Judging by the fact that the producer (Sergei Eisenstein) of this movie was Jewish, I'm guessing that he was disparaging the antisemitism of Tsarist rule rather than supporting it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.129.205.143 (talk) 01:40, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

Múm
I'm just curious as to if this should mention the soundtrack that was composed by the band Múm? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.216.234.85 (talk) 01:57, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Violence
The current version of the article says: "the film shocked audiences, but not so much for its political statements as for its use of violence, which was considered graphic by the standards of the time". The statement about violence seems unlikely - compare violence levels with the siege of Babylon in the American film Intolerance (1916).--Toddy1 (talk) 19:18, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

Yes, but that was violence in a safely distant past-- Potemkin was namelessly personalised and contemporary. If you went to see an epic spectacle, you expected "Oooh, those wicked ancient people," whereas it was a bit harsher to see it within your own generation. 70.24.197.65 (talk) 03:11, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Who plays Potemkin?
Just curious, the ship was broken up in 22, the movie was made in 26 and I doubt Eisentstein was albe to get footage from the real uprising, so who played the Potemkin in The Battleship Potemkin? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.112.16.133 (talk) 07:23, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Title and redirect
Is there a good reason that this page is titled "Battleship Potemkin" and that the page for the actual ship is titled "Russian battleship Potemkin"? It seems to me that for most pages, the convention for movies named after real life entities is "X (movie)" and that whatever the movie is about is what will be shown. So, in this case, shouldn't the title be "Battleship Potemkin (movie)" and the actual ship just be "Battleship Potemkin"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.188.168.11 (talk) 19:16, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

As mentioned in the article, this film is among the most influential of all time. In fact, it is quite probable that the warship Potemkin is today remembered because a revolt on it formed the basis for this film. So the film should enjoy higher precedence. When somebody uses the search box, it is 100 to 1 that they want the film, not the ship. That said, why 'Russian Battleship Potemkin' for the ship? Is there a British battleship by the same name? Should it not be 'Battleship Potemkin (Battleship)'? Jose Mathew C (talk) 07:48, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

Names of Sections
The names of the sections in 'Plot' and in 'Film style and content' were different. I have made them uniform. 'Odessa Staircase' is fairly ridiculous. In the other cases, 'Men and Maggots', 'A Dead Man Calls For Justice' and 'One Against All' sounded better than 'People and worms', 'The dead man calls out' or 'The Rendezvous with the Squadron'. Please revert if you disagree. Jose Mathew C (talk) 08:01, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

Red Flag?

 * Just when the battle seems inevitable, the sailors of the Tsarist ships incredibly refuse to open fire on their comrades, externalizing with songs and shouts of joy their solidarity with the mutineers and allowing them to pass unmolested through the fleet, waving the red flag.

I hate to be a cynic, ok, that's a lie. But I have to point out - there aren't many colors in this film. How can we be sure it was a red flag and not a white flag, or for that matter a pink or lavender flag inviting the sailors to the local gay bar for a revolutionary after party of hide the torpedo? BaSH PR0MPT (talk) 03:55, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

Production?
There's absolutely bupkis in this article about the production. How much did it cost? How many extras were used? Were they paid? Who produced it? How did they get access to the ships? How long did it take?216.40.152.27 (talk) 02:57, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

Tendra?
Where's Tendra?

Is that the Tendra Spit? In 1905 it was an island, but now it's a peninsula?

I think the article might be slightly more valuable if this were clarified. Thanks, DavidMCEddy (talk) 03:53, 18 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Battleship Potemkin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101122192943/http://ebertfest.com/one/battleship_rev.htm to http://www.ebertfest.com/one/battleship_rev.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101122192943/http://ebertfest.com/one/battleship_rev.htm to http://www.ebertfest.com/one/battleship_rev.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:30, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Battleship Potemkin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121010125831/http://www.marxist.com/ArtAndLiterature-old/potemkin_trafalgar_square0904.htm to http://www.marxist.com/ArtAndLiterature-old/potemkin_trafalgar_square0904.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110122144842/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/history/ to http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/history/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:41, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

horsecar?
The fourth paragraph of §Production begins
 * Eisenstein began with filming in Leningrad and had time to shoot the railway strike episode, horsecar, city at night and the strike crackdown on Sadovaya Street.

How does "horsecar" fit in there, either plotwise or syntactically. Are there any scenes with horsecars? --Thnidu (talk) 19:59, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

unreadable lists
The first paragraph of § Treatment in other works of art contains two long linked lists of films with the linked names of their creators, so tightly packed that they are hard to read and comprehend. I am about to change those to bulleted lists for ease of reading, and adding corresponding linebreaks in the wikicode for ease of editing.

Since this change may be controversial, here is a copy of the paragraph as it now appears:

 * The scene is perhaps the best example of Eisenstein's theory on montage, and many films pay homage to the scene, including Terry Gilliam's Brazil, Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather, Brian De Palma's The Untouchables, George Lucas's Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Tibor Takacs's Deathline, Laurel and Hardy's The Music Box, Chandrashekhar Narvekar's Hindi film Tezaab, Shukō Murase's anime Ergo Proxy, The Magic Christian and Johnnie To's Three. Several films spoof it, including Woody Allen's Bananas and Love and Death, Zucker, Abrahams, and Zucker's Naked Gun $33 1/3$: The Final Insult (though also a parody of The Untouchables), Soviet-Polish comedy Deja Vu, Jacob Tierney's The Trotsky and the Italian comedy Il secondo tragico Fantozzi. The 2011 October Revolution parade in Moscow featured a homage to the film.

--Thnidu (talk) 20:12, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:23, 13 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Battleship Potemkin.webm

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:05, 22 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Odessastepsboots.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:26, 9 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Battleship Potemkin.webm

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:33, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Eisenstein Potemkin 2.jpg
 * Odessastepsbaby.jpg
 * Odessastepsboots.jpg
 * Potemkinmarch.jpg

Odesa
For some reason, user Mellk wants Odesa spelt as "Odessa". It is a Ukrainian city, it should be spelt the Ukrainian way. I appreciate the user is Russian and may prefer the Russian spelling, but they are free to refer to any Russian city by their Russian name. Odesa is a Ukrainian city. Odesa is the main spelling of Odesa now, including on Wikipedia. The user should respect this. I'd like to mention the user is trying to impose Russian spellings for the following pages also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_in_Flames https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27 78.199.138.115 (talk) 21:36, 9 October 2022 (UTC)

 * The article of the film is titled Odessa in Flames, not Odesa in Flames. For Christianization of Kievan Rus', there is clear consensus to use "Kiev" in this context (see WP:KIEV). Also, do not make assumptions about other editors. Mellk (talk) 23:38, 9 October 2022 (UTC)
 * The title is from Italian, translated into English. Odesa in English is Odesa.
 * As for changing Odesa to "Odessa" in an article about Battleship Potemkine, a Ukrainian film made in Ukraine, what am I supposed to assume? He has a pattern of going over articles about Ukraine and imposing Russian spellings to Ukrainian cities. The spelling "Odessa" is both incorrect, immoral, genocidal and tasteless. It shouldn't be encouraged for a major piece of Ukrainian culture. The Odesa Steps are a monument that still exists, the Odesa of the film is the same city as today, so why the archaic, Russian imposed spelling? 78.199.138.115 (talk) 23:41, 11 October 2022 (UTC)
 * This is not a Ukrainian film. Also, if you personally find "Odessa" incorrect, immoral, genocidal and tasteless, this is completely irrelevant. Mellk (talk) 00:46, 14 October 2022 (UTC)
 * So information being "incorrect" is completely irrelevant?
 * So the film shot in Ukraine isn't Ukrainian. Please tell me where it is from then. Do you have an alternative Odesa in mind? I'd be grateful for you to enlighten me on this matter. 78.199.138.115 (talk) 21:16, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battleship Potemkin


text:
Bolivar station (Paris Métro)

Bolivar is a station on 7bis of the Paris Métro in the 19th arrondissement. It is named after the nearby avenue Simon Bolivar, which in turn was named after Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), liberator of several South American countries.

History
The station opened on 18 July 1911, 6 months the opening of a branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint-Gervais on 18 January 1911. On 3 December 1967 this branch was separated from line 7, becoming line 7bis.

During the World War I, the station, like other deep metro stations was converted into an air raid shelter. During a violent bomb attack on 11 March 1918, the local population rushed to the shelter in panic and tried to enter it down the stairs of an exit that led to gates that only opened to the outside. The first rows of the crowd were crushed or suffocated by those behind them, and were eventually trampled when the doors finally broke under pressure. 76 people died in this incident. As a result, all gates on the métro are now designed to open inwards as well as outwards.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised with the corridors being completed on 16 December 2008 and its platforms in 2009.

In 2019, the station was used by 546,780 passengers, making it the 298th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 278,933 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 296th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has a single entrance at the corner of avenue Secrétan and avenue Simon-Bolivar. Since 1987, it was adorned with a Guimard entrance previously at Barbès–Rochechouart and was listed as a historical monument on 2 December 2016.

Platforms
Bolivar has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. The platform in the direction of Louis Blanc had a small exhibit that paid homage to the life of Simón Bolívar through an illustrated biography on the walls but was removed during the renovation of the station.

Other connections
The station is also served by line 26 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Halle Secrétan

title: Bolivar station (Paris Métro)


text:
Point in polygon

In computational geometry, the point-in-polygon (PIP) problem asks whether a given point in the plane lies inside, outside, or on the boundary of a polygon. It is a special case of point location problems and finds applications in areas that deal with processing geometrical data, such as computer graphics, computer vision, geographic information systems (GIS), motion planning, and computer-aided design (CAD).

An early description of the problem in computer graphics shows two common approaches (ray casting and angle summation) in use as early as 1974.

An attempt of computer graphics veterans to trace the history of the problem and some tricks for its solution can be found in an issue of the Ray Tracing News.

Ray casting algorithm
One simple way of finding whether the point is inside or outside a simple polygon is to test how many times a ray, starting from the point and going in any fixed direction, intersects the edges of the polygon. If the point is on the outside of the polygon the ray will intersect its edge an even number of times. If the point is on the inside of the polygon then it will intersect the edge an odd number of times. The status of a point on the edge of the polygon depends on the details of the ray intersection algorithm.

This algorithm is sometimes also known as the crossing number algorithm or the even–odd rule algorithm, and was known as early as 1962. The algorithm is based on a simple observation that if a point moves along a ray from infinity to the probe point and if it crosses the boundary of a polygon, possibly several times, then it alternately goes from the outside to inside, then from the inside to the outside, etc. As a result, after every two "border crossings" the moving point goes outside. This observation may be mathematically proved using the Jordan curve theorem.

Limited precision
If implemented on a computer with finite precision arithmetics, the results may be incorrect if the point lies very close to that boundary, because of rounding errors. For some applications, like video games or other entertainment products, this is not a large concern since they often favor speed over precision. However, for a formally correct computer program, one would have to introduce a numerical tolerance ε and test in line whether P (the point) lies within ε of L (the Line), in which case the algorithm should stop and report "P lies very close to the boundary."

Most implementations of the ray casting algorithm consecutively check intersections of a ray with all sides of the polygon in turn. In this case the following problem must be addressed. If the ray passes exactly through a vertex of a polygon, then it will intersect 2 segments at their endpoints. While it is OK for the case of the topmost vertex in the example or the vertex between crossing 4 and 5, the case of the rightmost vertex (in the example) requires that we count one intersection for the algorithm to work correctly. A similar problem arises with horizontal segments that happen to fall on the ray. The issue is solved as follows: If the intersection point is a vertex of a tested polygon side, then the intersection counts only if the other vertex of the side lies below the ray. This is effectively equivalent to considering vertices on the ray as lying slightly above the ray.

Once again, the case of the ray passing through a vertex may pose numerical problems in finite precision arithmetics: for two sides adjacent to the same vertex the straightforward computation of the intersection with a ray may not give the vertex in both cases. If the polygon is specified by its vertices, then this problem is eliminated by checking the y-coordinates of the ray and the ends of the tested polygon side before actual computation of the intersection. In other cases, when polygon sides are computed from other types of data, other tricks must be applied for the numerical robustness of the algorithm.

Winding number algorithm
Another technique used to check if a point is inside a polygon is to compute the given point's winding number with respect to the polygon. If the winding number is non-zero, the point lies inside the polygon. This algorithm is sometimes also known as the nonzero-rule algorithm.

One way to compute the winding number is to sum up the angles subtended by each side of the polygon. However, this involves costly inverse trigonometric functions, which generally makes this algorithm performance-inefficient (slower) compared to the ray casting algorithm. Luckily, these inverse trigonometric functions do not need to be computed. Since the result, the sum of all angles, can add up to 0 or $$2\pi$$ (or multiples of $$2\pi$$) only, it is sufficient to track through which quadrants the polygon winds, as it turns around the test point, which makes the winding number algorithm comparable in speed to counting the boundary crossings.

An improved algorithm to calculate the winding number was developed by Dan Sunday in 2001. It does not use angles in calculations, nor any trigonometry, and functions exactly the same as the ray casting algorithms described above. Sunday's algorithm works by considering an infinite horizontal ray cast from the point being checked. Whenever that ray crosses an edge of the polygon, Juan Pineda's edge crossing algorithm (1988) is used to determine how the crossing will affect the winding number. As Sunday describes it, if the edge crosses the ray going "upwards", the winding number is incremented; if it crosses the ray "downwards", the number is decremented. Sunday's algorithm gives the correct answer for nonsimple polygons, whereas the boundary crossing algorithm fails in this case.

SVG
Similar methods are used in SVG for defining a way of filling with color various shapes (such as path, polyline, polygon, text etc.). The algorithm of filling is influenced by 'fill-rule' attribute. The value may be either nonzero or evenodd. For example, in a pentagram, there is a central "hole" (visible background) with evenodd, and none with nonzero attribute.

For simple polygons, the algorithms will give the same result. However, for complex polygons, the algorithms may give different results for points in the regions where the polygon intersects itself, where the polygon does not have a clearly defined inside and outside. One solution using the even-odd rule is to transform (complex) polygons into simpler ones that are even-odd-equivalent before the intersection check. This, however, is computationally expensive. It is less expensive to use the fast non-zero winding number algorithm, which gives the correct result even when the polygon overlaps itself.

Point in polygon queries
The point in polygon problem may be considered in the general repeated geometric query setting: given a single polygon and a sequence of query points, quickly find the answers for each query point. Clearly, any of the general approaches for planar point location may be used. Simpler solutions are available for some special polygons.

Special cases
Simpler algorithms are possible for monotone polygons, star-shaped polygons, convex polygons and triangles.

The triangle case can be solved easily by use of a barycentric coordinate system, parametric equation or dot product. The dot product method extends naturally to any convex polygon.

title: Point in polygon


text:
Buttes Chaumont station

Buttes Chaumont is a station on Line 7bis of the Paris Métro. It is located on avenue Simon Bolivar in the 19th arrondissement, near the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, after which it was named.

History
The station opened on 13 February 1912, 13 months after the commissioning of the branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint-Gervais on 18 January 1911 due to the difficulty of its construction in a backfilled quarry. As a result, the station is built with arches over each of the tracks to strengthen the station box. On 3 December 1967 this branch was separated from line 7, becoming line 7bis.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised on 6 May 2009.

In 2019, the station was used by 545,750 passengers, making it the 299th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 242,027 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 299th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has a single at rue Botzaris next to Parc des Buttes Chaumont.

Platforms
Buttes Chaumont has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. A central wall exists between the tracks due to the unstable terrain and its significant depth–its platforms are one of the deepest in the network with landings between flights of stairs leading to the platforms equipped with seats for travellers to rest. It is also equipped with elevators.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 26 and 71 of the RATP bus network.

title: Buttes Chaumont station


text:
Botzaris station

Botzaris is a station on Line 7bis of the Paris Métro. Located in the 19th arrondissement, it was named after Markos Botsaris, an [Greece] Greek hero of the Greek War of Independence. East of this station, line 7bis becomes a unidirectional loop.

History
The station opened on 18 January 1911 as part of a branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré-Saint-Gervais, 18 days after the commissioning of the first section of line 7 between Opéra and Porte de la Villette due to difficulties during its construction. As the station is built in a backfilled quarry, it was constructed with arches over each of the tracks to strengthen the station box. On 3 December 1967 this branch was separated from line 7, becoming line 7bis.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised on 25 April 2003.

On 12 February 2016, the Guimard entrance on rue Botzaris was listed as a historical monument.

In 2019, the station was used by 993,450 passengers, making it the 292th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 511,339 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 290th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has a single Guimard entrance at rue Botzaris leading to the right of the south-eastern end of Parc des Buttes-Chaumont,

Platforms
Botzaris has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. A central wall exists between the tracks to better suit the geological constraints of the terrain and to strengthen the station box.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 48, 60, and 71 of the RATP bus network.

title: Botzaris station


text:
Danube station (Paris Métro)

Danube is a station of the Paris Métro serving Line 7bis (westbound only). It is named after Place de Danube, which was renamed Place Rhin-et-Danube in 1951 to commemorate the 1st French Army which had during the Italian campaign between 1943 and 1945 distinguished itself during the landing of Provence, then fought on the Rhine and Danube rivers in World War II.

History
The station opened on 18 January 1911 as part of a branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré-Saint-Gervais, 18 days after the commissioning of the first section of line 7 between Opéra and Porte de la Villette due to difficulties during its construction.

As the station is constructed in unstable terrain, located in a former mine where gypsum was extracted for export to the United States, the station box was strengthened by having separate vaults for each track, with a single shared island platform. The station box is perched more than 30 m above solid ground, with its 220 supporting columns, each 2.5 m in diameter, have a cumulative height of 5,500 m. These foundations were necessary due to the inconsistency of the ground which consisted of the former mines that had been backfilled. On 3 December 1967 this branch was separated from line 7, becoming line 7bis.

Initially during the planning phase, it was envisioned that it will serve as the terminus, but was then moved to Place des Fêtes before finally deciding to create a one-way loop between these two stations with Pré-Saint-Gervais acting as the branch's commercial terminus.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised on 18 December 2007.

In 2019, the station was used by 547,896 passengers, making it the 297th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 266,623 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 297th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has a single entrance at Place Rhin-et-Danube.

Platforms
The station consists of 2 parallel half-stations linked by perpendicular cross passages with a single island platform flanked by 2 tracks. Only the southern platform is in regular use.

Other connections
The station is also served by line 75 of the RATP bus network.

title: Danube station (Paris Métro)


text:
Place des Fêtes station

Place des Fêtes is a station of the Paris Métro, serving lines 7bis (towards Pré Saint-Gervais only) and 11 in the 19th arrondissement and the Belleville district. It is one of the deepest stations in the metro, at 22.45 m underground (Abbesses is the deepest at 36 m).

History
The station opened on 18 January 1911 as part of a branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint-Gervais. The line 11 platforms opened with the first section of the line from Châtelet to Porte des Lilas on 28 April 1935. Along with Maison Blanche, a prototype air raid shelter was added to the station in 1935 to protect it from chemical attacks and was fitted with airtight doors to allow the people to take refuge in the event of an attack. They were chosen because of their proximity to heavily-populated working-class districts. On 3 December 1967, the branch was separated from line 7 and became line 7bis.

In preparation for Line 11's extension to Rosny–Bois-Perrier, its platforms were raised slightly and tiled in from 4 August to 7 September 2018. In March 2019, a new emergency exit was completed, located in a small building in Square Monseigneur Maillet, near access 1. It was designed to blend in with its natural surroundings with a wooden design and a green roof. The former access to the station was closed to the public.

In 2019, the station was used by 2 921 564 passengers, making it the 181st-busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 2,107,812 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 115th-busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 3,258,568 passengers, making it the 94th-busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station original access building with a canopy built in a Art Nouveau style was demolished in 1935 to make way for its current Art Deco building. It now has two accesses:

 * Access 1: Place des Fêtes
 * Access 2: rue de Crimée

Platforms
Line 7bis's island platform is located in a curve and is flanked by two tracks. The southern track, on the outer side of the curve, is used for regular service for services towards Pré Saint-Gervais. The northern track, on the inner side of the curve, is not used for regular service. It leads to a connection with line 3bis towards Porte des Lilas - Cinéma via Voie des Fêtes and Haxo (a ghost station). It is decorated in the Andreu-Motte style utilising orange tiles.

Line 11's platforms have a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 20, 48, and 60 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Regard de la Lanterne
 * Square Monseigneur Maillet

title: Place des Fêtes station


text:
Point location

The point location problem is a fundamental topic of computational geometry. It finds applications in areas that deal with processing geometrical data: computer graphics, geographic information systems (GIS), motion planning, and computer aided design (CAD).

In its most general form, the problem is, given a partition of the space into disjoint regions, to determine the region where a query point lies. For example, the problem of determining which window of a graphical user interface contains a given mouse click can be formulated as an instance of point location, with a subdivision formed by the visible parts of each window, although specialized data structures may be more appropriate than general-purpose point location data structures in this application. Another special case is the point in polygon problem, in which one needs to determine whether a point is inside, outside, or on the boundary of a single polygon.

In many applications, one needs to determine the location of several different points with respect to the same partition of the space. To solve this problem efficiently, it is useful to build a data structure that, given a query point, quickly determines which region contains the query point (e.g. Voronoi Diagram).

Planar case
In the planar case, we are given a planar subdivision S, formed by multiple polygons called faces, and need to determine which face contains a query point. A brute force search of each face using the point-in-polygon algorithm is possible, but usually not feasible for subdivisions of high complexity. Several different approaches lead to optimal data structures, with O(n) storage space and O(log n) query time, where n is the total number of vertices in S. For simplicity, we assume that the planar subdivision is contained inside a square bounding box.

Slab decomposition
The simplest and earliest data structure to achieve O(log n) time was discovered by Dobkin and Lipton in 1976. It is based on subdividing S using vertical lines that pass through each vertex in S. The region between two consecutive vertical lines is called a slab. Notice that each slab is divided by non-intersecting line segments that completely cross the slab from left to right. The region between two consecutive segments inside a slab corresponds to a unique face of S. Therefore, we reduce our point location problem to two simpler problems:

 * 1) Given a subdivision of the plane into vertical slabs, determine which slab contains a given point.
 * 2) Given a slab subdivided into regions by non-intersecting segments that completely cross the slab from left to right, determine which region contains a given point.

The first problem can be solved by binary search on the x coordinate of the vertical lines in O(log n) time. The second problem can also be solved in O(log n) time by binary search. To see how, notice that, as the segments do not intersect and completely cross the slab, the segments can be sorted vertically inside each slab. While this algorithm allows point location in logarithmic time and is easy to implement, the space required to build the slabs and the regions contained within the slabs can be as high as O(n²), since each slab can cross a significant fraction of the segments.

Several authors noticed that the segments that cross two adjacent slabs are mostly the same. Therefore, the size of the data structure can be significantly reduced. More specifically, Sarnak and Tarjan sweep a vertical line l from left to right over the plane, while maintaining the segments that intersect l in a Persistent red-black tree. This allows them to reduce the storage space to O(n), while maintaining the O(log n) query time.

Monotone subdivisions
A (vertical) monotone chain is a path such that the y-coordinate never increases along the path. A simple polygon is (vertical) monotone if it is formed by two monotone chains, with the first and last vertices in common. It is possible to add some edges to a planar subdivision, in order to make all faces monotone, obtaining what is called a monotone subdivision. This process does not add any vertices to the subdivision (therefore, the size remains O(n)), and can be performed in O(n log n) time by plane sweep (it can also be performed in linear time, using polygon triangulation). Therefore, there is no loss of generality, if we restrict our data structure to the case of monotone subdivisions, as we do in this section.

The weakness of the slab decomposition is that the vertical lines create additional segments in the decomposition, making it difficult to achieve O(n) storage space. Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas J. Guibas, and Jorge Stolfi discovered an optimal data structure that only uses the edges in a monotone subdivision. The idea is to use vertical monotone chains, instead of using vertical lines to partition the subdivision.

Converting this general idea to an actual efficient data structure is not a simple task. First, we need to be able to compute a monotone chain that divides the subdivision into two halves of similar sizes. Second, since some edges may be contained in several monotone chains, we need to be careful to guarantee that the storage space is O(n). Third, testing whether a point is on the left or the right side of a monotone subdivision takes O(n) time if performed naïvely.

Details on how to solve the first two issues are beyond the scope of this article. We briefly mention how to address the third issue. Using binary search, we can test whether a point is to the left or right of a monotone chain in O(log n) time. As we need to perform another nested binary search through O(log n) chains to actually determine the point location, the query time is O(log² n). To achieve O(log n) query time, we need to use fractional cascading, keeping pointers between the edges of different monotone chains.

Triangulation refinement
A polygon with m vertices can be partitioned into m–2 triangles. Which can be shown by induction starting from a triangle. There are numerous algorithms to triangulate a polygon efficiently, the fastest having O(n) worst case time. Therefore, we can decompose each polygon of our subdivision in triangles, and restrict our data structure to the case of subdivisions formed exclusively by triangles. Kirkpatrick gives a data structure for point location in triangulated subdivisions with O(n) storage space and O(log n) query time.

The general idea is to build a hierarchy of triangles. To perform a query, we start by finding the top-level triangle that contains the query point. Since the number of top-level triangles is bounded by a constant, this operation can be performed in O(1) time. Each triangle has pointers to the triangles it intersects in the next level of the hierarchy, and the number of pointers is also bounded by a constant. We proceed with the query by finding which triangle contains the query point level by level.

The data structure is built in the opposite order, that is, bottom-up. We start with the triangulated subdivision, and choose an independent set of vertices to be removed. After removing the vertices, we retriangulate the subdivision. Because the subdivision is formed by triangles, a greedy algorithm can find an independent set that contains a constant fraction of the vertices. Therefore, the number of removal steps is O(log n).

Trapezoidal decomposition
A randomized approach to this problem is based on trapezoidal decomposition, or trapezoidal map. A trapezoidal decomposition is obtained by shooting vertical bullets going both up and down from each vertex in the original subdivision. The bullets stop when they hit an edge, and form a new edge in the subdivision. This way, we obtain a subset of the slab decomposition, with only O(n) edges and vertices, since for each vertex in the original subdivision we only add two new vertices and increase the number of edges by four.

A trapezoidal decomposition can be constructed by adding the segments from the original subdivision, one by one, in a random order. Initially (before no segments have been added) the trapezoidal decomposition consists of a single trapezoid, the bounding box of the subdivision. Each subsequent step uses a point location query to locate one endpoint of the next line segment, within the current trapezoidal decomposition, and then walks from the resulting trapezoid to neighboring trapezoids containing the same segment, subdividing and recombining them to form the refined decomposition. Backwards analysis, a form of analysis commonly used for this sort of randomized incremental geometry algorithm, shows that the expected number of trapezoids created for each insertion is bounded by a constant, and therefore that the total number of steps of this algorithm, outside of the point locations, is linear.

The point locations in the current subdivision, performed within this algorithm, may be done using the same structure that, at the end of the algorithm, can be used for point location queries in the final trapezoidal decomposition. This point location data structure takes the form of a directed acyclic graph, where the vertices are the trapezoids that existed at some point in the refinement, and directed edges connect each trapezoid that is no longer in the refinement to the trapezoids that replaced it. A point location query is performed by following a path in this graph, starting from the initial trapezoid, and at each step choosing the replacement trapezoid that contains the query point, until reaching a trapezoid that has not been replaced. The expected depth of a search in this digraph, starting from any query point, is O(log n). The space for the data structure is proportional to the number of trapezoids created throughout this refinement process, which in expectation is O(n).

Higher dimensions
There are no known general point location data structures with linear space and logarithmic query time for dimensions greater than 2. Therefore, we need to sacrifice either query time, or storage space, or restrict ourselves to some less general type of subdivision.

In three-dimensional space, it is possible to answer point location queries in O(log² n) using O(n log n) space. The general idea is to maintain several planar point location data structures, corresponding to the intersection of the subdivision with n parallel planes that contain each subdivision vertex. A naive use of this idea would increase the storage space to O(n²). In the same fashion as in the slab decomposition, the similarity between consecutive data structures can be exploited in order to reduce the storage space to O(n log n), but the query time increases to O(log² n).

In d-dimensional space, point location can be solved by recursively projecting the faces into a (d-1)-dimensional space. While the query time is O(log n), the storage space can be as high as $$O(n^{2^d})$$. The high complexity of the d-dimensional data structures led to the study of special types of subdivision.

One important example is the case of arrangements of hyperplanes. An arrangement of n hyperplanes defines O(nd) cells, but point location can be performed in O(log n) time with O(nd) space by using Chazelle's hierarchical cuttings.

Another special type of subdivision is called rectilinear (or orthogonal) subdivision. In a rectilinear subdivision, all edges are parallel to one of the d orthogonal axis. In this case, point location can be answered in O(logd-1 n) time with O(n) space.

title: Point location


text:
Ice floe

An ice floe is a large pack of floating ice often defined as a flat piece at least 20 m across at its widest point, and up to more than 10 km across. Drift ice is a floating field of sea ice composed of several ice floes. They may cause ice jams on freshwater rivers, and in the open ocean may damage the hulls of ships.

title: Ice floe


text:
Pré-Saint-Gervais station

Pré-Saint-Gervais is a station of the Paris Métro, serving as the eastern terminus (actually the far end of the terminal loop) of line 7bis, in the 19th arrondissement. It is named after the district of Pré-Saint-Gervais, which was part of the commune of Le Pré-Saint-Gervais before it was absorbed into Paris in 1860. Le Pré-Saint-Gervais is named after a chapel dedicated to Saint Gervasius.

History
The station opened on 18 January 1911 as part of a branch of line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré-Saint-Gervais, 18 days after the commissioning of the first section of line 7 between Opéra and Porte de la Villette due to difficulties during its construction. It then served as the terminus of the two northeastern branches of line 7. From 27 November 1921 to 2 September 1939, a shuttle service operated between the station and the former Porte des Lilas - Cinéma via a tunnel called ''voie navette.  On 3 December 1967 this branch was separated from line 7, becoming line 7bis''. It serves as the commercial terminus of line 7bis and trains may stop for an extended period of time as breaks for drivers as well as for timetabling reasons.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised on 2 May 2006.

In 2019, the station was used by 365,930 passengers, making it the 301st busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 226,935 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 300th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has a single exit at boulevard Sérurie and is adorned with a Guimard entrance. It was listed as a historical monument on 12 February 2016.

Platforms
The station has a single island platform flanked by 2 tracks with only the southern platform in commercial use. The northern platform, however, is largely isolated behind technical rooms and is used to store trains as well as to serve as a maintenance workshop.

Other connections
The station is also served by tramway 3b at the nearby Hôpital Robert-Debré since 15 December 2012 along with line 48 and the P’tit Bus of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Hôpital Robert-Debré
 * Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge

title: Pré-Saint-Gervais station


text:
Balard station

Balard is the southwestern terminus of Line 8 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Since 16 December 2006, it has also been a stop on tramway T3a as part of the initial section of the line between Pont du Garigliano and Porte d'Ivry. The station is named after Place Balard, itself named after Antoine-Jérôme Balard (1802-1876), a French chemist and the discoverer of bromine. Among the stations serving the Boulevards des Maréchaux along the former gates of Paris, it is the only one not called Porte de…, though it serves the Porte de Sèvres.

History
The station opened on 27 July 1937 as part of the extension of line 8 from La Motte-Picquet - Grenelle, serving as its new south-western terminus terminus.

On 3 September 1943, the Royal Air Force bombarded the area and destroyed the accesses to the station, causing the deaths of 22 people, including 2 CMP agents.

To facilitate a connection to tramway T2 via Suzanne Lenglen tram station (opened on 21 November 2009), an additional access (access 6) was constructed during the first phase of works between March and December 2012. In the second phase, three new lifts were added to improve the accessibility of the station between January 2014 and June 2015 for people with impaired mobility. This was to minimise disruption to traffic on line 8 and to coordinate with the construction of the Hexagone Balard, the new headquarters of the Ministry of Defense.The cost of the project, estimated to be approximately 16.4 million euros, was included in the budget for the extension of T2 from Issy–Val de Seine to Porte de Versailles which opened on 21 November 2009.

In 2019, the station was used by 5,626,040 passengers, making it the 68th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 2,643,639 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 71st busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 3,236,801 passengers, making it the 95th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Access
The station has 6 accesses:

 * Access 1: Boulevard Victor
 * Access 2: Boulevard du Général Martial Valin Ministère de la Défense
 * Access 3: rue Balard Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
 * Access 4: avenue Félix Faure
 * Access 5: avenue de la Porte de Sèvres (an ascending escalator)
 * Access 6: rue Louis Armand Centre Aquatique Aquaboulevard (with an ascending escalator)

Platforms
The station has, as does Pointe du Lac located on the same line, a particular arrangement specific to the stations serving or had served as a terminus. It has three tracks and two platforms. The side platform serves as the arrival platform while the island platform serves as the departure platform. The walls of the western side of the platform are tiled with bevelled white tiles, with the name of the station written in earthenware and the advertising frames with plant motifs, also in earthenware, are honey-coloured. The rest of the station, however, is simply painted white, except for the parts below platform level which is painted grey with the station names written on enamel plates.

RER
A remote connection with line C of the RER via Pont du Garigliano station is possible, although not shown today on RATP's métro maps, it was previously shown in 1998 and 2000. The connection is occasionally depicted in station locality maps but not on the line maps inside its trains.

Tramway
The station has been served by tramway T3a since 16 December 2006 via Balard tram station and by tramway T2 since 21 November 2009 via Suzanne Lenglen tram station about 140 metres away. It is one of four métro stations on the network that are located at one of the former gates of Paris and are served by two tram lines; the other three are Porte de Choisy (line 7), Porte de Versailles (line 12), and Porte de Vincennes (line 1). Basilique de Saint-Denis (line 13) is the only station served by two tram lines not located at one of the gates of Paris.

Bus
The station is also served by the following bus networks:

 * RATP bus network: lines 30, 39,42, 88, and 169
 * Noctilien: lines N13, N62, and N145
 * Sénart bus network: line 54

Popular culture
The station appeared in Monsieur Klein, a 1976 French film set in 1942 with Alain Delon as the titular role. He plays a short scene where he waits at one of the station's accesses.

Nearby

 * Aquaboulevard
 * Directorate General for Civil Aviation
 * Grand Pavois de Paris
 * Héliport de Paris - Issy-les-Moulineaux - Valérie-André
 * Hexagone Balard
 * Parc omnisports Suzanne-Lenglen

title: Balard station


text:
Dinsdale

Dinsdale may refer to:

Places

 * Dinsdale, formerly a common name of Low Dinsdale, a village in County Durham, England
 * Dinsdale railway station, serving Low Dinsdale and Middleton St George
 * Dinsdale Park, a house and former hotel at Low Dinsdale
 * Over Dinsdale, a village in North Yorkshire, near Low Dinsdale
 * Dinsdale, New Zealand, a suburb of Hamilton

People

 * Dinsdale (surname)
 * Dinsdale Landen, British actor

Fictional characters

 * One of the Piranha Brothers in a sketch from the British comedy programme Monty Python's Flying Circus
 * A character in the British play The Ruling Class

title: Dinsdale


text:
Lourmel station

Lourmel is a station on line 8 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement. It is named after the nearby rue de Lourmel, which in turn is named after General Frédéric Henri Le Normand de Lourmel (1811-1854), who was killed at the Battle of Inkerman where the Franco-British armies defeated the Russian armies under Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov during the Crimean War.

History
The station opened on 27 July 1937 as part of the extension of line 8 from La Motte-Picquet - Grenelle to Balard.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors and platform lighting were renovated and modernised on 13 November 2003.

In 2019, the station was used by 2,301,922 passengers, making it the 226th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 1,120,497 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 231st busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 1,696,432 passengers, making it the 210th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Access
The station has 2 accesses:

 * Access 1: rue de Lourmel
 * Access 2: rue Vasco-de-Gama (with an ascending escalator)

Platforms
It has 3 tracks divided amongst 1 island platform and 1 side platform. Trains towards Balard utilise the northern track (the side platform) while trains towards Pointe du Lac use the central track. The yard track is not used in revenue service and is normally used to park trains. It also has access to the Javel workshops (a maintenance centre) for trains to be removed from service (on the tracks towards Boucicaut) or for routine maintenance. The yard track leads to a dead end on the side towards Balard. The workshops contains a washing machine where trains from line 8 are regularly washed: a machine wash once a week and a manual wash once a month (including the interiors). It has several features that help reduce water consumption as part of the RATP's sustainable development policy such as the ability to use groundwater in addition to tap water for washing.

Other connections
The station is also served by line 42 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Grenelle cemetery
 * Jardin Caroline-Aigle
 * Parc André Citroën
 * Square Jean-Cocteau
 * Square Rosalind-Franklin
 * Vaugirard Cemetery

title: Lourmel station


text:
Boucicaut station

Boucicaut is a station on line 8 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement. It is named after the former Boucicaut Hospital (integrated into the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou since 2000) and the rue Boucicaut (now rue Marguerite-Boucicaut, named after the philanthropic couple Marguerite (1816-1877) and Aristide Boucicaut (1810-1877)).

It is the fourth of eight stations on the network to be been named after a woman, after Barbès–Rochechouart (lines 2 and 4), Madeleine (lines 8, 12, and 14), and Chardon Lagache (line 10). The remaining four stations are Louise Michel (line 3), and more recently, Pierre et Marie Curie (line 7), Barbara (line 4), and Bagneux–Lucie Aubrac (line 4 and the upcoming line 15).

History
The station opened on 27 July 1937 as part of the extension of line 8 from La Motte-Picquet - Grenelle to Balard.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors were renovated and modernised on 27 March 2007.

In 2019, the station was used by 3,152,108 passengers, making it the 162nd busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 1,734,347 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 141st busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 2,288,055 passengers, making it the 252nd busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

The station was featured in Michel Houellebecq's poem, Station Boucicaut, in his collection, Renaissance.

Access
The station has 5 accesses:

 * Access 1: rue Sarasate
 * Access 2: rue Henri-Bocquillon
 * Access 3: rue de la Convention
 * Access 4: avenue Félix-Faure
 * Access 5: rue Duranton (with an ascending escalator)

Platforms
The station is the last station on the line in the direction of Balard to have a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms.

Other connections
The station is also served by line 62 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 * Jardin Marguerite-Boucicaut
 * Square Boucicaut
 * Square Duranton

title: Boucicaut station


text:
Félix Faure station

Félix Faure is a station on line 8 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement. It is named after the nearby avenue Félix-Faure, which is in turn named after Félix Faure (1841-1899), the President of France from 1895 to 1899. It is the first of three stations on the network that were named after a President of France; the other two being Charles de Gaulle–Étoile on lines 1, 2, and 6, and Bibliothèque François Mitterrand on line 14.

History
The station opened on 27 July 1937 as part of the extension of line 8 from La Motte-Picquet - Grenelle to Balard.

In 2019, the station was used by 1,744,774 passengers, making it the 263rd busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 776,924 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 270th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 1,161,978 passengers, making it the 265th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Access
The station has 3 accesses:

 * Access 1: rue des Frères Morane
 * Access 2: Place Étienne Pernet
 * Access 3: avenue Félix Faure

Platforms
The station has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 70 and 88 of the RATP bus network as well as the Traverse Brancion-Commerce, an electric bus operated by BE Green from parc Georges Brassens to the Pasteur Institute.

Nearby

 * Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Grenelle
 * Square Saint-Lambert
 * Square Violet

title: Félix Faure station


text:
Commerce station (Paris Métro)

Commerce station is a station on line 8 of the Paris Métro in the Rue du Commerce, at the intersection with the Place du Commerce in the 15th arrondissement.

History
The station was opened on 27 July 1937 as part of the extension of line 8 from La Motte-Picquet - Grenelle to Balard. Avenue Émile Zola on line 10 was also previously called Commerce until it was changed to its present name on 1 March 1937. Hence, it is the last station to inherit the name of an older station on the network, after Vaugirard on line 12 and Saint-Mandé on line 1.

The rue du Commerce, as its name suggests, is a shopping street in the district of Grenelle. The whole span of the street, from Motte-Picquet to the Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste, is occupied by a mix of high-street shopping, amongst which are about 20 national and international brands, and small, typically Parisian food stores and cafés. After major real estate development in the 1990s and early 2000s, the street and surrounding neighborhood have managed to maintain much of their peripheral faubourg or small-town feel while prospering as one of the major centers for population attraction in the 15th arrondissement.

The station was renovated as part of the "Renouveau du métro" programme by the RATP on 7 April 2008, removing the previously installed orange tiling when it was first renovated in 1969 in the Mouton-Duvernet style, restoring the traditional bevelled white tiling.

There are two Vélib' bicycle stations within the vicinity, one on rue Lakanal opposite the station, and one on rue Violet on the far side of Place du Commerce.

In 2019, the station was used by 2,864,592 passengers, making it the 184th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 1,616,379 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 159th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 2,212,666 passengers, making it the 157th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Access
The station has two accesses:

 * Access 1: rue du Commerce
 * Access 2: rue des Entrepreneurs (with an ascending escalator)

Station layout

 * Note: The side platforms are offset.

Platforms
Due the station being built under rue d'Amsterdam, it is too narrow to accommodate the usual layout of the platforms, where the two side platforms are directly opposite each other. As such, its two side platforms are completely offset from each other, the northern platform for services towards Pointe du Lac and the southern platform for services towards Balard. Due to similar reasons, Liège on line 13 also have completely offset platforms whereas the ones at Anatole France on line 3 are only partially offset.

Nearby

 * Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste (at the southern extremity of the rue du Commerce; it was built in 1825 and was extensively renovated between 1924 and 1926)
 * Lycée Camille Sée
 * Square Saint-Lambert
 * Square Yvette-Chauvé (formerly Square de la Place-du-Commerce)

title: Commerce station (Paris Métro)


text:
Barred buttonquail

The barred buttonquail or common bustard-quail (Turnix suscitator) is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble, but are not closely related to, the true quails. This species is resident from India across tropical Asia to south China, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Taxonomy
The barred buttonquail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the grouse like birds in the genus Tetrao and coined the binomial name Tetrao suscitator. Gmelin cited the English ornithologist Francis Willughby who in 1678 had described and illustrated the "Indian Quail of Brontius" from the Island of Java. The barred buttonquail is now placed in the genus Turnix that was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in Pierre Bonnaterre. The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus Coturnix. The specific epithet suscitator is Latin and means "awakening".

Sixteen subspecies are recognised.
 * T. s. plumbipes (Hodgson, 1837) – Nepal to northeast India and north Myanmar
 * T. s. bengalensis Blyth, 1852 – central, southwest Bengal (northeast India)
 * T. s. taigoor (Sykes, 1832) – India (except above)
 * T. s. leggei Baker, ECS, 1920 – Sri Lanka
 * T. s. okinavensis Phillips, AR, 1947 – south Kyushu to Ryukyu Islands (south Japan)
 * T. s. rostratus Swinhoe, 1865 – Taiwan
 * T. s. blakistoni (Swinhoe, 1871) – east Myanmar to south China and north Indochina
 * T. s. pallescens Robinson & Baker, ECS, 1928 – central south Myanmar
 * T. s. thai Deignan, 1946 – northwest, central Thailand
 * T. s. atrogularis (Eyton, 1839) – south Myanmar, south Thailand and Malay Peninsula
 * T. s. suscitator (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – Sumatra, Belitung and Bangka Island (east of south Sumatra), Java, Bawean (north of east Java) and Bali
 * T. s. powelli Guillemard, 1885 – Lombok to Alor Island (west, central Lesser Sunda Islands)
 * T. s. rufilatus Wallace, 1865 – Sulawesi
 * T. s. haynaldi Blasius, W, 1888 – Palawan group (southwest Philippines)
 * T. s. fasciatus (Temminck, 1815) – Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate and Sibuyan Island (north, central Philippines)
 * T. s. nigrescens Tweeddale, 1878 – Cebu, Guimaras, Negros and Panay (central west Philippines)

Description

A typical little buttonquail, rufous-brown above, rusty and buff below. Chin, throat and breast closely barred with black. Female larger and more richly coloured, with throat and middle of breast black. The blue-grey bill and legs, and yellowish white eyes are diagnostic, as are also the pale buff shoulder-patches on the wings when in flight. Absence of hind toe distinguishes Bustard and Button quails from true quails. Pairs, in scrub and grassland. The calls are a motorcycle-like drr-r-r-r-r-r and a loud hoon- hoon-hoon.

Distribution and habitat
The species occurs throughout India up to elevations of about 2500 m in the Himalayas, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines and most of Southeast Asia. There are four geographical races that differ somewhat in colour. It is found in most habitats except dense forest and desert, in particular, scrub jungle, light deciduous forest and farmlands.

Breeding
Buttonquails differ from true quails chiefly in the female being polyandrous The female is the brighter of the sexes, initiates courtship and builds the ground nest. She fights with other females for the possession of a cock, uttering a loud drumming drr-r-r-r-r as a challenge to rival hens and also to announce herself to a cock. Eggs when laid are left to be incubated by the cock who also tends the young, which can run as soon as they are hatched. The hen goes off to acquire another mate, and perhaps yet another, and so on, though evidently only one at a time. They breed practically throughout the year, varying locally. The nest is a grass-lined scrape or depression in scrub jungle or crops, often arched over by surrounding grass. The usual clutch comprises 3 or 4 greyish white eggs, profusely speckled with reddish brown or blackish purple.

Conservation
Widespread and common throughout its large range, the barred buttonquail is evaluated as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.

title: Barred buttonquail


text:
Frederick Guthrie

Frederick Guthrie FRS FRSE (15 October 1833 – 21 October 1886) was a British physicist, chemist, and academic author.

He was the son of Alexander Guthrie, a London tradesman, and the younger brother of mathematician Francis Guthrie. Along with William Fletcher Barrett he founded the Physical Society of London (now the Institute of Physics) in 1874 and was president of the society from 1884 until 1886. He believed that science should be based on experimentation rather than discussion.

Academic career
His academic career started at University College, London, where he studied for three years. He studied chemistry under Thomas Graham and Alexander William Williamson and mathematics under Augustus De Morgan. In 1852, he submitted his brother Francis's observations to De Morgan.

In 1854 Guthrie went to Heidelberg to study under Robert Bunsen and then in 1855 obtained a PhD at the University of Marburg under Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe.

In 1856 he joined Edward Frankland, professor of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. In 1859 he went to the University of Edinburgh.

Guthrie synthesized mustard gas in 1860 from ethylene and sulfur dichloride. Guthrie was probably not the first to synthesize mustard gas, but he was among the first to document its toxic effects. Guthrie did his mustard gas synthesis at almost the same time as Albert Niemann, who also synthesized mustard gas and noted its toxic effects in his own experiments. Both Guthrie and Niemann published their findings on 1 January 1860.

In 1860 Guthrie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Lyon Playfair. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1871.

He served as professor of chemistry and physics at the Royal College of Mauritius between 1861 and 1867.

Guthrie was later a professor at the Royal School of Mines in London, where he mentored the future experimental physicist C. V. Boys. He also mentored John Ambrose Fleming and was instrumental in turning his interest from chemistry to electricity.

He invented the thermionic diode 1873 (for which alternate credit was sometimes later given to Edison's assistant W. J. Hammer) and coined the term eutectic in 1884.

Guthrie wrote Elements of Heat in 1868 and Magnetism and Electricity in 1873 (published in 1876).

Guthrie was also a linguist, playwright, and poet. Under the name Frederick Cerny, he wrote the poems The Jew (1863) and Logrono (1877).

Guthrie died in 1886 and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

Family
He was married four times.

His son Frederick Bickell Guthrie was an agricultural chemist.

title: Frederick Guthrie