text:
Talk:Resident Evil

Resident Evil: Survivor
Is there some reason this game is not in the infobox or is that just an oversight? Beeblebrox (talk) 21:57, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Ok, per WP:SILENCE, I've added it to the infobox. Beeblebrox (talk) 19:31, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Film series
Seeing as there are already six films (4 live action and 2 animated), does anybody else feel like there should be a separate page dealing with the film series? ONEder Boy (talk) 20:14, 8 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The Infobox only lists 5 films. 4 live action and 1 animation. If you know of another animated movie please add it. Dylan (talk) 00:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Cool IJAWET CHRISTINE (talk) 09:11, 19 January 2020 (UTC)

Wikitable
I reformatted in the game list based on the slick wikitable from the guitar hero series wiki. Used Capcom for the developer for all the games, I'm sure they're not the developer for all of the games, and needs to be updated whenever possible. Tubeyes (talk) 16:10, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Why are Resident Evil 1, 2, and 3 listed as Yes for PS2? On their respective pages, there is no mention of a PS2 release. I don't see them listed as having PS2 releases on GameFAQs either (unless they have different names). If the Yes for these is merely because the PS2 can play PS1 games, I think it should be changed to No, as it otherwise makes the table less-useful (no way to tell whether a game genuinely has a PS2 release, or is merely a PS1 game compatible). 72.48.75.131 (talk) 06:45, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

Argument and characters
Where is the argument of the series and the characters? --190.163.57.146 (talk) 11:39, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * A long long time ago, on a Wiki page that was deleted... There multiple individual articles for Resident Evil characters! Some of these articles were well written, while many failed WP:WAF and WP:V. Over time, some editors decided to take those articles to AFD, without holding a merge discussion first. Content was lost. The characters were moved to list pages, like Characters from Resident Evil 2. Then Character lists/articles were merged. More content was lost. Rather than having multiple bad articles, we eventually just had one large bad article. Eventually this article was copy-edited and sourced over a period of time. So, all the discussions are either in ADFs, or merged Talk pages from Character Lists. --   StarScream1007  ►Talk  16:44, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I see, thanks for the answer... --201.215.207.58 (talk) 14:23, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Why isn't there a Wiki entry for the t-virus? Seemingly other important game and film trivia are included, it would seem the t-virus should be right up there. Nasukaren (talk) 11:13, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

Operation Raccon City
Outbreak series? T V i p p y  12:10, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

Availability
Games, such as the ports/new titles announced for x360 and PS3 should not be listed as available in the wikitable when they are not avaialable at all, merely announced and in development. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Caspar esq. (talk • contribs) 00:15, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

Merging some games together onto a list
I suggest that Resident Evil: The Missions, Resident Evil: Genesis , Resident Evil Confidential Report be merged together into List of Resident Evil games along with short summaries of the other games that are not merged but have separate articles. 65.93.12.101 (talk) 08:31, 10 April 2011 (UTC)
 * A merge sounds reasonable, or better yet, a "Mobile games in the Resident Evil series" article (with a paragraph or two in the series article) – the individual games look too unsubstantial for individual pages, but a common article could present them in a more attractive manner. Prime Blue (talk) 13:08, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

Which year was the original released?
The Prose says 1997 and the table says 1998 - so which is it? --87.194.194.250 (talk) 15:55, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

list of games
i think the tables make only sense for the "main games". most of the rest were only released on one system which makes the use of tables unnecessary. regardless of my opinion on the importance of the table, i think it has to be improved at least. the table needs a column for "mobile" (java games - mobile, not platform specific), while the columns for "zeebo" and "game.com" could be removed. (both of these platforms are not very popular and only contribute to the complexity of the table). one column that should be removed is the one regarding the "wii u". as far as i know there have been no statements regarding the release for a resident evil title for this platform (not to mention that the platform itself will not be released for quite some time). Stultitiam debello (talk) 14:58, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I think it's ok. But I'm just an anon. Yet I'd suggest one slight improvement of the table:
 * 1st: Make a "mobile games" section for all the mobile phone games (which now make up the "other games section")
 * 2nd: Take Operation Raccoon City and create an "other console games" section and put this section before the "portable games" (which if one insists could be renamed into "handheld (console) games", but I digest).
 * That way you have a quite good structure moving from the core games to the spin-off series to stand alone spin-off titles on home consoles to the various portable and then mobile phone games. But even at this point, the list is pretty good (even though it does seem a little bulky and overblown at first glance - maybe it could be transformed into a seperate entry). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.19.205.222 (talk) 21:42, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

For what it's worth, I agree with Tintor2 that the current table is horribly bloated and redundant, and that a timeline template (without the 19 [!!] mobile phone games) would make more sense. Imagine the platform fields for the current table once two more generations of home consoles will be released. Ugh. Prime Blue (talk) 13:58, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

 * For some reason the table I added was reverted without an edit summary and was later mentioned to have done vandalism to article.Tintor2 (talk) 19:32, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I saw that edit, but don't think he really meant it that way. I have told him that he should be more careful with labeling edits as vandalism. One thing on the timeline: is there a way to make the text on the right look less crude? Prime Blue (talk) 12:37, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I have seen the FA Final Fantasy use a smaller table, but it only focused on the main games. See Final Fantasy.Tintor2 (talk) 14:53, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I noticed those before, but was turned off because they were so small. I reworked that table now to be easier to read, and implemented it here. Prime Blue (talk) 16:15, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Looks good.Tintor2 (talk) 00:25, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

Resident Evil Portable needs to be removed, because that game isn't happening.84.45.237.236 (talk) 15:17, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Name Change
I cant see any mention of the name change from Biohazard to Resident Evil in this article. A section does exsist on the page for Resident Evil 1, but I think it should be mentioned here too. Vuvuzela2010 (talk) 20:32, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

B assessment
Expand Reception and I'll assess as B. -- JDC808  ♫  04:34, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

Project: Let's make the original game a GA
What to do:
 * More references everywhere (the existsing sources might be used more too).
 * More reception, including reviews, annual awards and retrospective lists and articles.
 * More development.

--Niemti (talk) 10:10, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Were all games "developed in Japan"?
Including such titles as Gaiden and OPR? --Niemti (talk) 13:36, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

Resident Evil: Red Falls
I honestly do believe that "Resident Evil: Red Falls" deserves a section in the films. While not officially created by CAPCOM, it was officially "approved" by CAPCOM. And, let's face it, it's significant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.210.68.193 (talk) 18:05, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

I agree. Resident Evil: Red Falls is a landmark. It deserves to be on the wiki, not because it's official. But because of the wave it has made. Plus the official RE page and twitter shared yet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GameOfThrones1988 (talk • contribs) 18:12, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

TV Series
The other day Bloody Disgusting published an article indicating that a Resident Evil TV series was in the works. Other online media sites, like Polygon and Joystiq have also looked into the story. While it is in fact legit, please bear in mind that it is not a TV Show yet. Right now it is just a pitch that a director is trying to sell to a network or media outlet. If a network chooses to pick it up, then it will deserve mention in this article. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  21:26, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

Storyline of the games
I'm open to start writing a possible Story section in the article. I'm wondering what is required (source wise) and also which games ought to be included (Just 0 - 6? Are games like Code Veronica etc. notable enough for inclusion?). --80.222.39.97 (talk) 19:27, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

 * The Story section is now split between main instalments and other related media. Could someone maybe help improve the Post-Raccoon City segment and maybe expand the other games section? Much obliged. --CaptainNtheGameMaster (talk) 16:25, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

Merge Resident Evil (animated film series) with this article
Discussion is over at the film series article. --CaptainNtheGameMaster (talk) 16:49, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

 * The material has now been merged with the main article. --CaptainNtheGameMaster (talk) 21:56, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Source

 * https://web.archive.org/web/19980204085513/http://www.next-generation.com:80/news/121897ee.chtml

Solutions to the ugly blank space in the Reception section?
Is there any way to move the Reviews table into that blank space in the Reception section? I previewed a few attempts at moving the table but it's a bit of a headache to figure out. Anybody better versed in tables have a suggestion? PcPrincipal (talk) 21:53, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Would anyone be aboosed to using a show-hide feature for the review scores? --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  22:26, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Do we actually need all those individual scores for each game on each system on this page? Why not remove the table entirely (perhaps discuss a few highlights if notable), and otherwise leave the individual game's scores to the individual game's pages? Aawood (talk) 11:07, 22 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I think either of those would be good options. I'm gonna look into the show-hide function in the mean time and maybe we could discuss restructuring the table, etc. PcPrincipal (talk) 19:38, 22 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Once again, I'm baffled by this table. The mark-up is such a mess. Or maybe it's just me. But either way, someone who gets wikitables better than me should look more into it. This page has code for collapsible tables. PcPrincipal (talk) 19:47, 22 June 2018 (UTC)

Any ideas StarScream1007 or Aawood? I'm gonna test a few more things out in the meantime. PcPrincipal (talk) 18:44, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

Went through and condensed the ratings to just the original release consoles, removed the port ratings in order to at least shorten the table. PcPrincipal (talk) 19:38, 28 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I like what you've done, definitely an improvement. Aawood (talk) 20:09, 28 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree that it looks much better. Good Job, . I tried to research the code for a collapsing table, but it does not seem to be compatible with 'Template:Video game series reviews' at the moment. We could make something from scratch, but this is a better option for now. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  22:54, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Thank you! And yeah I might be more willing to look into it later on now that it's simplified. Another solution I thought of was adding more to the reception to fill in the blank space. I don't really have anything in mind for that though, and at that point we'd just be using content to fix a cosmetic issue. Maybe a backwards method. For now I'm fine with it, glad to hear it's looking better! PcPrincipal (talk) 17:55, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Should the franchise be referred to as Biohazard and only remarked to be called Resident Evil in the US?
Biohazard has been the original name published by the Japanese company as the authentic name, and published in parallel in the US as Resident Evil. The scope of Wikipedia is of a worldwide and some English-speaking countries (for instance, Hong Kong), has known this franchise as Biohazard instead of the American name. And also how this article does not contain the Biohazard logo is also beyond me. It has been mentioned in both the English and the Japanese articles that Biohazard has been the series name, only to be shown as Resident Evil for publishing in the US due to a used Trademark. Biohazard represents better the authentically intentional name of the original authors, and not to mention their preferred publishing name. -Joshua.yathin.yu (talk) 07:49, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Resident Evil is overwhelmingly the common name in the English-speaking world (not just the US). See WP:COMMONNAME. Popcornduff (talk) 08:03, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose. per Popcornduff --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  15:10, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment He has a point when it comes to the Biohazard logo. Shouldn't that be included in the infobox? DA1 (talk) 04:47, 16 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Why would we include the Biohazard logo? Wikipedia articles typically contain the single main logo for the subject and in our case we use the WP:COMMONNAME per the arguments above. Popcornfud (talk) 10:16, 16 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Explain the rationale behind why Nintendo Entertainment System has the logo for Famicom, or why TurboGrafx-16 has the logo for PC Engine, in the infobox then? COMMONNAME guidelines apply to Article titles only otherwise we wouldn't mention the alternate names in the lede either. DA1 (talk) 03:31, 17 April 2020 (UTC)
 * , well then, it seems my claim that "Wikipedia articles typically contain the single main logo for the subject" is not necessarily true. I guess I wouldn't object, on that basis, to seeing the Biohazard logo in there too.
 * ... But are we sure the Biohazard logo isn't the same as the RE logo - just a different name in the same font? https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQct9-vtPYUOT8wox0YwL1PyVQepNKO6rM5gFy8AVCbxHegyGO&s In which case having both logos isn't really adding much value. Popcornfud (talk) 10:44, 17 April 2020 (UTC)
 * ... But are we sure the Biohazard logo isn't the same as the RE logo - just a different name in the same font? https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQct9-vtPYUOT8wox0YwL1PyVQepNKO6rM5gFy8AVCbxHegyGO&s In which case having both logos isn't really adding much value. Popcornfud (talk) 10:44, 17 April 2020 (UTC)

Movie series logo
please explain here why you think the movie logo should be retained in the article. If you continue to revert without edit summaries or discussing on talk pages, you will be blocked again for longer or potentially indefinitely. As to why I want it pulled from the article, it simply doesn't help illustrate anything to the user. The picture of the director and lead actor is more informative. TarkusAB talk / contrib 17:36, 30 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Is it possible to keep both images? Since they are technically free, there's no need to worry about a Fair Use Rationale. I think they both have some merit, but I am learning towards Tarkus. The logo will likely be dated once more information is released about the reboot film. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  18:54, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

Zero and CV, mainline or spin-off?
There seems to be some disagreement on whether Resident Evil Zero and Resident Evil: Code Veronica are considered mainline entries or spin-offs. I, for one, think we should list them as mainline entries: TarkusAB talk / contrib 01:34, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * They feature gameplay identical to the mainline entries at the time. Spin-offs which were all light gun games, Game Boy games, etc.
 * They are canonically tied with the mainline plot.
 * They are both more ambitious projects than Resident Evil 3 in terms of scope / scale / probably development costs.
 * Resident Evil Zero is numbered. Being a prequel doesn't matter.
 * Code Veronica is a mainline entry in every way except it has no number, and this was for marketing reasons. (discussed HERE)
 * Sources discuss them as mainline entries:
 * I think they are main titles but some people think they are spin-offs, because they were initially released for Dreamcast and GameCube instead of PlayStation. RE4 was also going to be a GameCube exclusive according to Shinji Mikami, but that didn't happen. Story doesn't matter, otherwise Revelations games would be main titles too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.89.110.245 (talk) 23:36, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

Adding content
I'd say that adding the Japanese and Hepburn text fits the article more just like the Silent Hill article.

It's okay if you disagree. 49.150.75.30 (talk) 02:17, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The GA/FA-class articles about video game franchises, such as Clock Tower (series), Fire Emblem, Metroid, Persona (series), and Final Fantasy all use the ref-note as opposed to directly placing the Japanese/Hepburn text in the lead. However, I do not think there's a MOS standard for this. Let's see what the other editors think. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  02:34, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * WP:VG/JP. Popcornfud (talk) 03:25, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

List of Resident Evil creatures
I think it would be nice to have a list of the monsters that appear in the games.

(161.29.246.205 (talk) 09:46, 2 February 2022 (UTC))

Status of the Revelations subseries - Main series or spin-off?
Both Revelations and Revelations 2 frequently change status on this site. One moment they're listed as their own spin-off series, the next they're listed as main series. As of this moment, they've recently been moved back to their own sub-series. It may be worth having a discussion to settle the matter. I present my exploration of arguments for my position, which is against inclusion: Argument 1: No number? Not main series! - That the Revelations games are not numbered may be reason enough for some, and this seems a reasonable argument. Village does not work as a rebuttal, as the 8 is present in roman numeral form in the game's logo, and there are many interviews of Capcom representatives explaining that Village is in fact Resident Evil 8. What does complicate this argument, however, is Code Veronica. Code Veronica's status as main series is unquestioned. Though the reasons for it lacking a number are sometimes contradicted by official sources, as acknowledged on the Wikipedia article, the content of the game remained unchanged. Whichever narrative is true, be it an internal decision to keep the numbered entries on Playstation consoles or active bartering on Sony's part, the arbitrary lack of a number does not prove nor disprove the main series status of Code Veronica, and therefore is not a valid argument against the Revelations series' inclusion. Argument 2: Official sources - A stronger argument can be found here, though it's not without its problems. Here's Masachika Kawata, a Resident Evil producer, who says this: "I’ve worked on main series titles Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil 5, as well as spin-off titles, the Resident Evil Revelations series and Umbrella Chronicles" (https://www.gematsu.com/2016/05/resident-evil-20th-anniversary-video-interview-masachika-kawata). And that's pretty clear, isn't it? 4 and 5 are main series, Revelations is a spin-off series akin to the Umbrella Chronicles. This isn’t the only time the Revelations series has explicitly been referred to as a spin-off: here’s Yasuhiro Anpo on the Revelations games: “I’ve worked on both the main series and this spin-off series…”, and also Michiteru Okabe: “I would also love to be able to continue Revelations as a spin-off series” (https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2016/05/18/resident-evil-revelations-3-2-director-producer-want-to-see-the-spin-off-series-continue/). So there we go, yes? However, to revisit a theme from Code Veronica, sources contradict. In the lead-up to Village, many sources listed it as not just "Resident Evil 8", but the "eighth installment" or "eighth in the series" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC4cJmBEWu4 & https://www.directv.com/insider/resident-evil-8-is-called-resident-evil-village-heres-everything-we-know/), which would seemingly preclude both Code Veronica and Zero, not to mention both Revelations games. I would argue that the tendency to refer to the Revelations games as spin-offs is more reliable than the Village marketing material however, as the latter is intended to be concise and understandable to a Resident Evil layman, as it could be confusing to be accurate. Imagine: “This is Resident Evil 8, the tenth game in the Resident Evil series, not including the remakes of course…” Argument 3: Atypical releases and production value for main series titles - The Revelations games are simply not up to the production standard of their contemporaries. While Revelations was impressive for a handheld title, Revelations 2 was clearly lacking as a console game when compared to Resident Evil 5 & 6. The marketing push behind these games was not comparable to that of 5 or 6, reflected in their far lower sales. This is unfortunately hard to quantify, as neither development nor advertising budgets are publicly available as far as I can tell. However, the clincher lies in the atypical release methods of handheld initially for Revelations, and episodic initially for Revelations 2. These mark two divergences from main series precedent of full, home-console releases. If the Revelations games are to be considered main series, they are alone in bucking this trend; no other main series game could claim such a break from the norm. These are my arguments against inclusion. Does anyone have a different perspective? Nerd-Binary (talk) 20:03, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I think the list on this website can prove the the Revelations Games are mainline (https://game.capcom.com/residentevil/en/about-portal.html). but this list also include the Outbreak series that i consider spin-offs.
 * One solution is that we rename the main series category to Major Releases, like it is on Resident Evil wiki, and include the Revelations Games as a sub-category, like the remakes. KnutTheNerd (talk) 21:06, 20 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I actually like the idea of bolding "Major Releases" as opposed to main series. The Revelations games are canon, but they did not get the same marketing push or budget as the mainline games. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  00:19, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Should i edit the article and change it Major Releases and include The Revelations games a subcategory?. or do we need to discuss this further?. KnutTheNerd (talk) 15:01, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Let's give it a few more days. If no one objects, please go ahead make the proposed changes. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  18:20, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I think there was a minor miscommunication and over-sight on my part. My vote was siding with Nerd-Binary that the Revelations games should not be bolded on the time line as they were not major releases given they did not have the same budget or marketing push as other mainline RE games. The Revelations games should not be bolded imo. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  15:26, 26 November 2022 (UTC)
 * i am giving up on this topic for now!. Even though i belive that the Revelatons games have a big enough budget, marketing and re-releases to be considered Major releases. but i guess this depends on diffrent people's opinions. KnutTheNerd (talk) 16:40, 26 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with Nerd-Binary and StarScream, the Revelations games are not major titles and should not be stated as such. Just because they are canon doesn't mean they should group with Resident Evil, 2 and 3, etc. TheDeviantPro (talk) 03:19, 30 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Let's Just agree to disagree. KnutTheNerd (talk) 18:26, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

"Highest-grossing horror franchise"
How was Resident Evil considered the highest-grossing horror franchise, despite it's not listed on the List of highest-grossing franchises page? DasKlose (talk) 14:22, 16 September 2023 (UTC)
 * $1.3B from games (under-reported) and another $1B from movies would put it at 2.3B and allow it to make the list. The video game figure was from 2011 and is out of date considering the commercial success of the recent RE games. VGSales (which is not a RS, however) estimates the media franchise is closer to $5.84B. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  14:51, 16 September 2023 (UTC)
 * From the article. "To smooth out the sales through time, we used a theoretical $29.99 average per Resident Evil title for a low-ball figure, which comes to more than $1.3 billion. "
 * I think we should remove the "highest-grossing horror franchise" from this page. But that's just my opinion. The reason the highest grossing media franchise article went trough cleanup is because of that wery reason(x product multiplied by price is original research) Timur9008 (talk) 15:50, 16 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I believe that claim is backed up by the 2016 Guinness Book of World Records (Ref 82), however the subsequent claim "with Resident Evil 5 the best-selling survival horror game as of 2016" is out of date, as Resi 2 Remake became the best-selling RE game of all time. I'd agree with you that it's still somewhat dubious and "qualified" statement. However as for the gross-sales calculations. I think you are correct. WP:RSP does not have a consensus on Business Insider, but instead says to evaluate each article based on the sources it cites. In this case, it cites itself. I'd say a better source tag is needed in that case.  StarScream1007  ►Talk  18:45, 16 September 2023 (UTC)
 * User:StarScream1007 Should I return Resident Evil to the highest grossing media franchise page then? I think the reader would be confused as to why it's not listed there. Timur9008 (talk) 12:47, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I think so. I found the original article that was published by 24/7 Wall Street on NBC News., which has more credit given it lists an actual author and is on NBC. I also updated the information about RE2 Remake. Hopefully a more updated RS comes out in the future. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  15:00, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks for finding the original NBC source! Timur9008 (talk) 15:20, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for adding it to the list (and archiving the link too)!  StarScream1007  ►Talk  16:27, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * @Timur9008 Alright, this is getting confusing because the Saw franchise is considered the highest-grossing horror franchise according to the main Saw franchise page. 49.150.72.88 (talk) 14:44, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Nice catch! I fixed the top since Saw only grossed over a $1 billion and its not enough to make the highest grossing media franchise list. Timur9008 (talk) 15:03, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

Spoilers..
Hi to all, just a thing.. Scrolling the page searching the best timeline to play the games in, a minute ago my eyes fell totally unwillingly a couple of times on at last two different endings of two different games of the serie.. Can someone please put the endings just maybe in a less crude way, or maybe, just hide them a bit more into the text.. So they not jump so easily in front of the eyes of a possible reader..? If is it possible..? Thank You.. Not everybody has already played all the games.. 😉🤝👍 95.75.174.191 (talk) 22:05, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

 * No, see WP:SPOILER. Popcornfud (talk) 22:18, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

"Las Vegas Umbrella Facility" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Las_Vegas_Umbrella_Facility&redirect=no Las Vegas Umbrella Facility] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. 🥒 Greenish Pickle! 🥒 (🔔) 12:25, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Resident Evil


text:
Talk:BitKeeper

NPOV
I'm also suprised to see such an in-depth article about BitKeeper on Wikipedia. Is there any Wikipedia policy on commercial entities editing articles of commercial interest to them? How does Wikipedia intend to address the inevitable issues of differing viewpoints in an article such as this? (For example, I'm sure most commercial customers of BitMover are not interested in the aforementioned CVS server compromise, or the fact that BitKeeper is closed-source.)

If the consensus is that a BitMover representative can feasibly edit this page, I'll address some of the factual inaccuracies without affecting tone or thrust, even though those are arguably not NPOV. Andy 23:35, 14 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm the author of a fair amount of the current article, although others contributed a lot, before and since I worked on it. There isn't an official policy about "interested parties" editing a page, but I think it's something a lot of people would frown upon (it's similar to people writing golden autobiographical articles about themselves - it's really very difficult to be objective about something one cares about, however hard one tries).  Still, by saying your connected with them, and enquiring openly about the policy, you've already gained a great deal of credibility (as opposed to those who just go in and change stuff they don't like).  If it were up to me (which it isn't, but then it's not up to anyone else either) I'd prefer that declared parties either leave corrections/additions on this page, on a subpage (e.g Bitkeeper/input) or on a page in their personal userspace.  I really don't think the article is very deep at all.  It certainly needs much better technical exposition of the product itself, some better details of how the product is sold (it seems to be a more complex arrangement than just shrinkwrap) and some company history.  Most of what's there now should be in a section called something like "bitkeeper and the linux kernel".  Hmm, I did try pretty hard to keep in NPOV, and I don't think one could say it either has a "larry is evil" character, nor a "larry is a benificient angel" character either.  There's certainly an over-emphasis on linux stuff, which has some unfortunate controversy necessarily attaching, and that's something I'm keen to fix.  The trouble is that a company of BitMover's size really doesn't merit an encyclopedia article (that's a contentious issue here too, so others will surely differ) of itself, and it's the linux connection that makes it "noteworthy" (whatever the heck that means).  And yes, the last paragraph has rather little to do with Bitkeeper and BitMover, but it does go to the bitmover-linux issue.  And I've found that either I put in stuff like this, in hopefully a sane manner, or some maniac will come along and insert some craziness ("Bitkeeper has no security and is run by cretins.  Linux's only security bug was introduced by bitkeeper" or somesuch). -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 00:09, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Addition: yes, you're right that most commercial customers aren't too interested either in the CVS gateway (or specific issues arising from it in the past) or the licence. But then wikipedia is not a marketing brochure, so it's not really intended for commercial customers in particular.  In a more well-rounded article both of these issues would logically be confined to the linux and OpenSource section (where both are significant issues, pertaining directly to the subject at hand).  We certainly don't put lots of whiny stuff in about oracle not being open source or having lots of security holes (just as wikipedia isn't a brochure, it's not an open-source advocacy site either). -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 00:14, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

How about some more meat
The "political" aspect of BitKeeper is no doubt of interest to some subset of the geek community. But honestly, shouldn't this article mostly try to explain some of the technology? Version control management is an interesting problem. For prospective users of BitKeeper, this article contains almost zero information. Psm 21:51, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Have to agree with the comment above. The article says very little about what BitKeeper is and does. Instead, it reads more like a bitch session by Slashdot users. Needs some editing for bias. 203.59.80.62 (talk) 09:23, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Seconded. It read like a soap opera script and I know nothing more about BitKeeper. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.228.129.18 (talk) 21:10, 21 September 2011 (UTC)

Perhaps some more context for the license arguments?
Perhaps it's worth mentioning that the license originally did not limit what other software you could work on (e.g. http://web.archive.org/web/20021012223603/http://www.bitkeeper.com/bkl.txt), and it did, in the early days, include modifiable source (iirc the only limit was that you couldn't disable openlogging). Ah, and I just found http://www.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/x/i/xiphmont/Public/critique.html, which includes an older copy of the license, too. Rweir 04:50, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
Can we remove this paragraph yet? pitr 14:16, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "The removal of the free version makes it very likely that there will be an open source competitor within a few years, since BitKeeper's availability had previously made it unnecessary to develop one and the widely dispersed nature of much open source development provides a very strong incentive to have such a tool."

 * I have been able to convince Sun in December 2006 to make SCCS OpenSource. I still believe that the SCCS history file format is the best idea in a version control software. What we minimally need to add is a network protocol and release versioning. The file format from BitKeeper is mostly undocumented, so it is questionable whether it makes sense to try to support it. 10 years after BitKeeper it is possible to do many things better as it turned out that trying not to break the history format compatibility was wrong. Check sccs.berlios.de --Schily (talk) 21:21, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

checksums are not magic numbers
The first line of an SCCS file is a checksum. Magic numbers are essentially special constants, which are different from checksums. BK may indeed use a different algorithm for checksums, but no WP:RS is given for this statement either. TEDickey (talk) 00:26, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Please try to inform yourself before commenting things.... see http://sccs.berlios.de/man/sccsfile.4.html to understand what the magic number is. --Schily (talk) 13:03, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Your opinions aren't notable, and you haven't provided the requested WP:RS TEDickey (talk) 20:43, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Is this your way to tell others that you don't know what you are talking about? I still recommend you to read the official documentation at http://sccs.berlios.de/man/sccsfile.4.html to understand what the magic number is in contrary to the checksum. --Schily (talk) 00:23, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

 * This is not the official man page. It claims to be SunOS, but it is not from any official SCCS version, but a fork. Some of the information in the man page is nonstandard. --91.52.46.144 (talk) 21:39, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * This is the official man page. --Schily (talk) 11:36, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't see any mention of it on the standards pages such as http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/sccs.html - perhaps you ought to inform them that they have to listen to you more carefully TEDickey (talk) 21:39, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Try to inform yourself about POSIX: POSIX does not cover the file format used by SCCS, so an equivalent of the man page http://sccs.berlios.de/man/sccsfile.4.htm of course cannot be found in POSIX. --Schily (talk) 16:24, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I see - then because you are asserting that there is no applicable standard, then it follows that there cannot be any official documentation, because you have not formed your own standards committee. Your comments then are purely hypothetical. TEDickey (talk) 11:38, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

 * You seem to miss that the POSIX standard defines the layout of the p. files - just the s. files have been left out in POSIX. Regarding the s. files, we need to call the AT&T documentation for the s. files "official" - I just pointed to the most recent version of that document, but the part that explains what the magic numbers are, seems to be unmodified since 1977. All real-world SCCS implementations follow that AT&T document for compliance. It seems that you just need to read that manual in order to avoid confusing magic numbers with checksums. Why don't yout read that document? Hint: for SCCS version 4 and SCCS version 5, the magic number in network byte-order is "\001\150". --Schily (talk) 09:34, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

 * As you've noted in other contexts, you have modified the documentation, and it cannot in any sense of the word be considered "official", nor authoritative for that matter TEDickey (talk) 10:50, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Looks like you ned to keep the last word even after you discovered that your demur is void. Just as a note: I did not modify the documentation, I just enhanced it. --Schily (talk) 10:51, 27 July 2012 (UTC)
 * An enhancement is, by definition, a modification. --CRConrad (talk) 11:33, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

Outdated?
The box has been there for so long and there is little clarification as to what information should be included. As such I propose the removal of the 'outdated' box — Preceding unsigned comment added by Plot Citizen (talk • contribs) 19:26, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

Input from Bitmover guys?
BitKeeper developer here. I would love to update some inaccuracies of this article, but obviously anything I say is going to be viewed with suspicion. Suggestions on how to make improvements would be appreciated.

On the magic numbers, for bk-5.0 and earlier the file format uses SCCS plus additional metadata and a non-standard compression format. To prevent SCCS from being confused by our extensions the ^Ah header was changed to ^AH. This was not really a secret.

In bk-6.0 we introduced a new on-disk file format that ditches SCCS completely. This change was made for performance as it allows random access to the history and paging of really large files. In bk-7.0 the high level metadata of repositories in the ChangeSet file was changed again. This allowed dramatic performance improvements especially with very large repositories. Sorry that sounds like marketing. ;-) But it does relate to the discussion about "secret file formats". But yes these new file formats are proprietary. The point for the article is that BitKeeper originally used SCCS for storing data, but doesn't any longer.

On licensing, with the bk-7.0 release the default license was changed to drop the controversial terms and look more like other commercial software licenses.

Overall this entire article is written from the perspective of open source developers that were betrayed by the whole BitKeeper episode, but doesn't anyway say much at all about what Bitkeeper does and how it compares with other solutions. We are fine with keeping a history section that outlines the Linux kernel stuff, but it seems there should be an expanded section explaining the features provided by BitKeeper.

Wayne (talk) 13:15, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

 * As I recall it, there is very little discussion of BitKeeper features aside from primary sources (press releases are primary sources, for instance), virtually no third-party/knowledgeable reviews. Getting reliable sources to cover that is the way to proceed. TEDickey (talk) 23:45, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on BitKeeper. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120523134437/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4966 to http://kerneltrap.org/node/4966

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:16, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on BitKeeper. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060815061854/http://better-scm.berlios.de:80/bk/ to http://better-scm.berlios.de/bk/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:54, 3 November 2016 (UTC)

Evidence for "plus one year" non-compete?
I just added a "citation needed" to the following sentence in the article: "The license for the 'community' version of BitKeeper [required that] those developers did not participate in the development of a competing tool [...] for the duration of their usage of BitKeeper plus one year."

This claim surprised me because Linus Torvalds created Git almost immediately after switching off BitKeeper, with neither a one-year delay nor threats of legal action. I thought maybe I had misunderstood what "plus one year" meant (Was it the prior year? Was he forbidden from using BitKeeper for one year? etc.), so to find out, I tried to track down the original license text mentioning the one-year duration. I came up empty-handed.

In fact, I can't find any evidence for a one-year period of any sort. None of the non-compete clauses I saw mentioned it. Nobody contemporary to the events wrote about it. The only other mentions of it on the web all point back to this Wikipedia article.

Does anyone happen to have any further details? Chris Mounce (talk) 00:45, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:BitKeeper


text:
William Cureton

William Cureton (1808 – 17 June 1864) was an English Orientalist.

Life
He was born in Westbury, Shropshire. After being educated at the Adams' Grammar School in Newport, Shropshire and at Christ Church, Oxford, he took orders in 1832, became chaplain of Christ Church, sublibrarian of the Bodleian, and, in 1837, assistant keeper of manuscripts in the British Museum. He was afterwards appointed select preacher to the University of Oxford, chaplain in ordinary to the queen, rector of St Margaret's, Westminster, and canon of Westminster Abbey. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and a trustee of the British Museum, and was also honored by several continental societies. For a time Cureton also served as curate of St Andrew's, Oddington, Oxfordshire.

Works
Cureton's most remarkable work was the edition with notes and an English translation of the Epistles of Ignatius to Polycarp, the Ephesians and the Romans, from a Syriac manuscript that had been found in the monastery of St. Mary Deipara, in the desert of Nitria, near Cairo. He held that the manuscript he used gave the truest text, that all other texts were inaccurate, and that the epistles contained in the manuscript were the only genuine epistles of Ignatius that we possess, a view which received the support of Ferdinand Christian Baur, Bunsen, and many other eminent scholars, but which was opposed by Charles Wordsworth and by several German scholars, and is now generally abandoned. Cureton supported his view by his Vindiciae Ignatianae and his Corpus Ignatianum, a Complete Collection of the Ignatian Epistles, genuine, interpolated and spurious.

He also edited:

 * a partial Syriac text of the Festal Letters of St Athanasius, which was translated into English by Henry Burgess (1854), and published in the Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church;
 * Remains of a very Ancient Recension of the Four Gospels in Syriac, hitherto unknown in Europe; This came to be known as the Curetonian Gospels after Cureton.
 * Spicilegium Syriacum, containing Remains of Bardesan, Meliton, Ambrose, Mara Bar Serapion;
 * The third Part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, Bishop of Ephesus, which was translated by Robert Payne Smith;
 * Fragments of the Iliad of Homer from a Syriac Palimpsest;
 * an Arabic work known as the Thirty-first Chapter of the Book entitled The Lamp that guides to Salvation, written by a Christian of Tekrit;
 * The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, by Mohammed al Sharastani;
 * a Commentary on the Book of Lamentations, by Rabbi Tanchum;
 * the Pillar of the Creed of the Sunnites.

Cureton also published several sermons, among which was one entitled The Doctrine of the Trinity not Speculative but Practical. After his death William Wright edited with a preface the Ancient Syriac Documents relative to the earliest Establishment of Christianity in Edessa and the neighboring Countries, from the Year of our Lords Ascension to the beginning of the Fourth Century; discovered, edited and annotated by the late W. Cureton.

title: William Cureton


text:
Monie Love

Simone Johnson (born Simone Gooden) (born 2 July 1970), better known by her stage name Monie Love, is a British rapper, actress, and radio personality known for her singles during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Love is a radio personality for urban adult contemporary station KISS 104.1 WALR-FM in Atlanta, Georgia. Love is a pioneer female emcee, a two-time Grammy Award nominee, the first British female hip hop artist to hold that distinction.

Music
Love's debut album, Down to Earth, was released on 6 November 1990. It spawned the singles "Monie in the Middle" (a track dealing with a woman's right to determine what she wants out of a relationship) and "It's a Shame (My Sister)" (which sampled the (Detroit) Spinners' "It's a Shame", written for the band by the US musician Stevie Wonder). It also featured house-music vocalist and then-labelmate Ultra Naté. The album reached No. 26 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Love also appears on the song titled "United" from Inner City's third album, Praise, and raps a response verse from the woman's perspective on a 1989 remix of the Fine Young Cannibals hit, "She Drives Me Crazy".

Love was featured on the LA Reid & Babyface remix of Whitney Houston's R&B hit "My Name Is Not Susan" in 1991, and appeared in the music video alongside Houston. Love's 1992 single "Full-Term Love", from the Class Act movie soundtrack, reached No. 7 on the Hot Hip-Hop Singles chart. Love collaborated with Marley Marl on her second album, In a Word or 2 (1993), which featured the Prince-produced single "Born To B.R.E.E.D." (which reached No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music chart and No. 7 on the Hot Rap Singles chart), as well as a re-release of "Full-Term Love". The same year, Prince asked her to write lyrics for a few songs on a side-project, Carmen Electra's eponymous album, Carmen Electra. Love's last release as lead artist was the single "Slice of da Pie" in 2000. In 2013, she was featured on the track "Sometimes" by Ras Kass, from his album Barmageddon, and in 2021, she released a single called “Divine”, featuring Skyzoo and a friend of theirs called Tuff.

US Radio
From 2004 until the week of 11 December 2006, Love was the morning drive host on Philadelphia's WPHI-FM 100.3. The Philadelphia Daily News confirmed on 22 December that Love left WPHI-FM on amicable terms after contract negotiations stalled. Love's departure from WPHI followed soon after her December 2006 interview with Young Jeezy, where the two argued over whether hip hop is dead. Love is also an official MySpace.com DJ, according to her Myspace page. She has a radio show on XM Satellite Radio called Ladies First Radio with Monie Love. It airs Thursdays 6 PM ET and Sundays 8 PM ET. In 2015, Love became a DJ on Philadelphia's Boom 107.9, hosting a morning show from 6 am to 10 am. In 2016, Love co-hosted with Ed Lover on the Ed Lover Morning Show for "Boom 92" KROI in Houston, Texas. In 2018, Monie Love did the workday and lunch break from 10am-3pm on 106.7 WTLC in Indianapolis, Indiana. In May 2019, she began hosting afternoons at "KISS 104.1" WALR in Atlanta.

Personal life
Born in England to a jazz musician father, Love has two brothers, Richard and David Gooden (known as Dave Angel), and a sister named Rosanna Sharian Gooden (who is a singer known as Baz). Love moved to America, settling in New York City in March 1988. She has four children. She has been married twice and is a single parent. She is of Jamaican descent.

Studio albums

 * Down to Earth (1990)
 * In a Word or 2 (1993)

title: Monie Love


text:
Hero Games

Hero Games (DOJ, Inc dba Hero Games) is the publisher of the Hero System, a generic roleplaying rules set that can be used to simulate many different genres, and was the co-developer of the Fuzion system.

History
In 1981, George MacDonald and Steve Peterson, from San Mateo, California, printed 1,000 copies of a 64-page rulebook for Champions, their super-hero role-playing game, to take to a Bay Area gaming convention. It sold very strongly, enough to form a company, Hero Games. Later, the pair recruited Ray Greer as their sales and marketing partner.

In the following years, the company published two more editions of Champions, two dozen adventures, and several self-contained role-playing games using the Champions core rules as a universal role-playing system: Danger International, Justice, Inc., Robot Warriors, Fantasy Hero, and Star Hero. The games were very compatible, but each differed slightly, using new rules or costs. Hero Games used the term Hero System to describe them all.

Ongoing production and financial troubles plagued the company, however, and in January 1986, Hero Games made an arrangement with Iron Crown Enterprises, publishers of Rolemaster and MERP. Initially, this was only to handle the game production and distribution, leaving creative tasks to Hero Games, but in 1987 ICE also took over editorial. During this period the company was led by Rob Bell, followed by Monte Cook, and finally by Bruce Harlick.

The original partners found new interests: Greer worked for Steve Jackson Games, and later he joined a Los Angeles movie special effects company run by Mark Williams, Hero Games's original artist. MacDonald became Senior Game Developer at the software company Strategic Simulations, Inc. Peterson went to work for Electronic Arts, and then became a freelance marketing consultant and technical writer, but remained most connected with Hero Games of the original three.

On April 25, 1996, ICE's role in handling publishing and distribution was taken over by R. Talsorian Games, just before Iron Crown itself suffered financial difficulties in 1997. During this period, Bruce Harlick, who had been the first official hire of Hero Games in 1982, continued in his role as Line Developer. This collaboration also resulted in the Fuzion system, which was successful in itself, but an attempt to publish the Champions game under the new system as Champions: The New Millennium met mixed reviews.

In 2000, Hero Games was bought by Cybergames.com, a gaming portal site which Steve Peterson was working for. Cybergames.com retained Bruce Harlick as president of their Hero Games subsidiary, but eventually decided to leave the publishing market in 2001. In December 2001, a new company called DOJ, Inc. acquired all rights to Hero Games, keeping none of the remaining original staff. DOJ, Inc., consisted of Steven S. Long (line developer), Darren Watts (president), and various support staff. It was formed specifically to acquire Hero Games. The title came from "Defenders of Justice", Watts's Champions campaign.

In 2011 Darren Watts left DOJ, Inc., to pursue other ventures, and warehouse manager Jason S. Walters assumed the role of CEO, acting in consultation with Steve Long and its other investors. The company now focuses on promoting stand-alone products that utilize various versions of the 6th Edition Hero System rules.

Role-playing games
Besides the Hero System itself, Hero Games is also the publisher of genre books which supplement the generic system: Champions, a role-playing game where players can create and play superheroes; Fantasy Hero, where characters operate in a fantasy setting; Star Hero, which uses science fiction settings; Dark Champions, which simulates various forms of the action-adventure genre; and many other games. Champions, originally published as a stand-alone game in 1981, was the catalyst for the creation of the Hero System.

All of the above games, as well as nearly all games published by the company, use the Hero System as their basis. While early editions included the system rules with each genre book, this ended with the Fourth Edition of Champions. Currently, the Sixth Edition of the rules is a pair of books, and the "genre books" show how to use the system to reflect the conventions of superheroic, fantasy, science fiction, and other adventure genres.

Former exceptions to the "Hero System only" rule are Champions: The New Millennium and its supplements, published in the late 1990s using the Fuzion system.

Recent Hero Games publications include Champions Complete, a stand-alone, moderately priced book for playing Champions, and the Monster Hunter International Employee Handbook, a stand-alone roleplaying game detailing the world of Larry Correia's Monster Hunter International.

Expansion books
Hero Games also published a series of "ultimate" expansion books for the Fifth Edition, which provided an additional level of detail on specific types of characters or accessories, over what was explained in more general terms in the main Hero System rules or genre books. Examples of this line included The Ultimate Martial Artist and The Ultimate Vehicle. Only one such title has been released for the Sixth Edition, The Ultimate Base, although some older titles are being revised into Hero System Core Library titles such as Hero System Martial Arts and Hero System Vehicles.

Game settings
Finally, the company publishes a number of game settings for its most popular genres, along with supplements to flesh those settings out. The "main" (that is, most strongly supported) setting for Champions is Millennium City; for Fantasy Hero, The Turakian Age; for Star Hero, the Terran Empire; and for Dark Champions, Hudson City. Other settings are also available for those who prefer a different "feel" than these provide. All fit into a single, universal timeline, known as the Hero Universe.

All of the above are supported, to varying extents, by the Digital Hero online magazine.

Hero Comics and Hero Graphics
Many characters seen in the early Champions rulebooks later appeared in comic books from Hero Comics (later, Hero Graphics), and kicked off with a limited series by Eclipse Comics. Few of these characters are still used by the company (now known as Heroic Publishing), although Icestar is mentioned as a casualty from "The Battle of Detroit" in Champions Universe. Like the Villains and Vigilantes comic book limited series, the early issues printed write-up sheets allowing readers to use characters introduced in the comics in their own Champions campaigns. Strangely, this is even true for characters included in the core rules, such as Icicle, Pulsar, and Mechanon.

Digital Hero online magazine
Digital Hero was the official online magazine for Hero Games, supporting its Hero System games including Champions, Fantasy Hero, Star Hero, Dark Champions, and others. It was published bimonthly in downloadable PDF format, each issue being a fixed 64 pages long not including the cover (and a blank "fluff" page serving as an inside front cover to facilitate double-sided printing). The final issue, number 47, was published in January 2008, although the company did indicate the possibility of a return in the future.

title: Hero Games


text:
Civic Center, San Francisco

The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, is an area located a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions. It has two large plazas (Civic Center Plaza and United Nations Plaza) and a number of buildings in classical architectural style. The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly the Exposition Auditorium), the United Nations Charter was signed in the Veterans Building's Herbst Theatre in 1945, leading to the creation of the United Nations. It is also where the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco (the peace treaty that officially ended the Pacific War with the Empire of Japan, which had surrendered in 1945) was signed. The San Francisco Civic Center was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1978.

Location
The Civic Center is bounded by Market Street to the southeast, Franklin Street to the west, Turk Street to the north, and Leavenworth Street, McAllister Street, and Charles J. Brenham Place to the east. The Civic Center borders the Tenderloin neighborhood on the north and east and the Hayes Valley neighborhood on the west; Market Street separates it from the South of Market, or "SoMa", neighborhood.

History
The first permanent San Francisco City Hall was completed in 1898 on a triangular-shaped plot in what later became Civic Center, bounded by Larkin, McAllister, and Market, after a protracted construction effort that had started in 1871; although the constructors had promised to complete work within two years, "honest graft" was an accepted practice, and the cost of the structure ballooned from $1 million as budgeted to $8 million.

The Civic Center was built in the early 20th century after the earlier City Hall was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake and fire. Although the architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham had provided the city with plans for a neo-classical Civic Center shortly before the 1906 earthquake, his plans were never carried out. Burnham's plan called for a large semi-circular plaza at the intersection of Market and Van Ness as a hub linking official buildings along spoked streets.

Following the earthquake, a temporary city hall was established on Market Street, but planning for a permanent structure and civic center did not take place for several years. The current Civic Center was planned by a group of local architects, chaired by John Galen Howard. The new Civic Center would consist of five main buildings facing a central rectangular plaza: City Hall, Auditorium, Main Library, Opera House, and State Office Building. A bond was issued on March 29, 1912, for $8.8 million to carry out the construction of the new Civic Center; at the time, the city only owned the triangular-shaped plot where the old City Hall had stood prior to the earthquake. A resolution passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors required the new City Hall to be built on the site of the old City Hall, so early plans for Civic Center showed City Hall east of the central plaza. Opinions solicited by the consulting architectural team led to the relocation of City Hall to the west side of the plaza. Ground was broken for City Hall, the first building in the new Civic Center, on April 5, 1913.

The current City Hall was completed in 1915, in time for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. The second building to be started was Exposition Auditorium; at the time, plans included a new Main Library (to be built on the site of the old City Hall) but left the former Marshall Square (bounded by Larkin, Fulton, Hyde, and Grove) undeveloped. Plans for a new opera house on Marshall Square had been dropped The Main Library (1916), the California State Building (1926), War Memorial Opera House and its neighboring twin, the War Memorial Veterans Building (which together were the nucleus of the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center, completed in 1932), and the Old Federal Building (1936) were all completed after the Exposition. Civic Center Plaza was established by 1915, but not completed until 1925. Marshall Square remained undeveloped until the new Main Library was constructed there in the early 1990s.

During World War II, Army barracks and Victory gardens were constructed in Civic Center Plaza, which lies directly east of City Hall and west of the Library. The 1950s through the 1970s and 1980s saw tall post-modernist Federal and State buildings constructed in the area; an underground exhibition facility, Brooks Hall, was completed beneath the plaza in 1958, followed by an adjoining garage in 1960. The Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall and Harold L. Zellerbach Rehearsal Hall were added in 1980. The 1990s saw the construction of a new Main Library on the unoccupied Marshall Square block, and the old Main Library building was converted into the Asian Art Museum, and the removal of all public benches. In 1998, the city officially renamed part of the plaza the Joseph L. Alioto Performing Arts Piazza after the former mayor.

Its central location, vast open space, and the collection of government buildings have made and continue to make Civic Center the scene of massive political rallies. It has been the scene of massive anti-war protests and rallies since the Korean War. It was also the scene of major moments of the Gay Rights Movement. Activist Harvey Milk held rallies and gave speeches there. After his assassination on November 27, 1978, a massive candlelight vigil was held there. Later, it was the scene of the White Night Riots in response to the lenient sentencing of Dan White, Milk's assassin. Recently, Civic Center was the center point of same-sex marriage activism, as Mayor Gavin Newsom married couples there.

Government center
The centerpiece of the Civic Center is the City Hall, which heads the complex and takes up two city blocks on Polk Street. The section of the street in front of the building was renamed for Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, a local African American activist. Across the street on McAllister Street is the headquarters of the Supreme Court of California. Across from that building is the Asian Art Museum, opened in 2004 in the former main branch building of the San Francisco Public Library, which moved to a newer building constructed just south of Fulton in 1995.

North of City Hall is the Phillip Burton Federal Building and United States Courthouse for the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and State of California office buildings. This includes offices of several federal agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation San Francisco Field Office. East of the main Civic Center complex on nearby Mission Street, is the head courthouse of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which sits across 7th from the San Francisco Federal Building complex.

Monuments
The Pioneer Monument, funded by the estate of James Lick and dedicated to Manifest Destiny, is located in the middle of Fulton Street between the Library and the Asian Art Museum. The section of Fulton Street between Hyde and Leavenworth streets was pedestrianized and re-developed into United Nations Plaza in 1975 as a monument for the United Nations and the signing of the UN Charter, when the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway was constructed under Market Street. The 2.6 acre pedestrian mall was designed by Lawrence Halprin. It was rededicated in June 1995 by visiting members of the UN General Assembly as part of its 60th anniversary, and renovated and rededicated again in 2005 during the World Environment Day event. Currently, it is the site of a small farmers' market as well as a replica of a large equestrian statue of Simon Bolivar.

Culture
West of City Hall on Van Ness Avenue is the War Memorial Opera House, where the U.N. Charter was signed in 1945 and the Treaty of San Francisco was signed in 1951. Davies Symphony Hall is south of the Opera House; to its north is the War Memorial Veterans Building, which contains the Herbst Theatre. The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium and SHN Orpheum Theatre are also located in Civic Center.

Parks and open spaces
The main open space just east of City Hall is Civic Center Plaza. Despite the area's seedy reputation due to its proximity to the Tenderloin, its central location also makes it the center of many of the city's festivals and parades. Many street parades and parties are held in Civic Center Plaza, including San Francisco's Gay Pride Parade, the city's Earth Day celebration (which attracts 15,000+ people), the St. Patrick's Day parade, San Francisco's version of the Love Parade, and the San Francisco LovEvolution party.

Renovated and re-opened on February 15, 2018, the Helen Diller Civic Center Playgrounds reside on the Northeast and Southeast corners of the Civic Center Plaza. The San Francisco Parks and Recreation program partnered with The Trust for Public Land to renovate the 20 year old playgrounds. The playgrounds were funded by a generous $10 million donation from the Helen Diller Family Foundation. The playgrounds serve many surrounding neighborhoods with limited open space such as the Tenderloin, Western Addition, Hayes Valley, and South of Market neighborhoods.

Transit
Access to Civic Center is provided by the Civic Center Station on Market, a subway stop for both BART and the Muni Metro. The F Market historic streetcar line and many Muni bus lines also run nearby.

Education
Civic Center is the site of four famous higher education schools: Minerva Schools at KGI, the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, the private The Art Institute of California – San Francisco and The San Francisco Conservatory of Music. UC Hastings is located on the two blocks straddling Hyde between Golden Gate and McAllister. Academy of Art University owns two buildings in the neighborhood, and the buildings are used primarily for academic and administrative purposes.

Other points of interest
The Fox Plaza condominium complex is also located nearby. The large art installation Firefly by Ned Kahn can be seen on the side of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building on Golden Gate Avenue.

In December 2010, a set of innovative wind and solar hybrid streetlamps provided by Urban Green Energy were installed as part of the center's vision for sustainability.

title: Civic Center, San Francisco


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Talk:Hero System

untitled
Don't know how to flag things, but this article contains many statements that don't belong in an encyclopedia. Check this out: "HERO System products and players are notorious for the ingenuity and complexity of their power constructions" It sounds like a fan website. I've never tried editing Wikipedia before so I don't know how to flag things, so I'll try deleting some of the more ridiculous statements and let people who know what they are doing fix things up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.67.161.66 (talk) 08:12, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

"It also is incredibly flexible in character creation, allowing players to create nearly any character they can imagine. In fact, the Hero System is considered by some as the most flexible game system ever created."

Some of the language here seems very subjective and over the top, e.g. "incredibly", "the most flexible", etc. Is there a factual basis for claiming that the Hero System is more flexible than GURPS? --68.85.27.88 21:03, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * It's a topic that has been heavily debated in other forums, and their are pundits on both sides. So the "by some" is the key phrase in that statement. I've used both systems and I consider Hero slightly more flexible in terms of character creation than GURPS. The increadibly does seem a bit over the top, and could be toned down a little IMO. RJH 21:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Prejudism against the common d6
"It was one of the first systems to forego the use of polyhedral dice." I know what the author of this is trying to say (too tired to rewrite it tonight), but, last time I checked, the cube was considered to be a polyhedron. Several RPG's have foregone the use of polyhedral dice; electing to use decks of cards, coin flips, drawing chits from bags (dating myself) etc... Perhaps, "It was one of the first systems to forego the use of polyhedral dice, other then the common six-sided variety."?

I am relatively new to Wikipedia, but wouldn't a discussion of the body/stun combat mechanic be on-topic, as it was a relatively new concept at the time of the games creation and a significant deviation for hit-points. Star Wars d20 appears to have adopted a similar mechanic in the use of its Wound/Vitality points.

Another, relatively uncommon element of the Hero System is the use of the Speed Chart for initiative. 66.125.96.134 08:12, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

FUCK D6S. I kno I'm going to get blastedfor this but often many peopledo NOT consider d6 to be an ADVANTAGOUS DIE. D6 SHOUDL NOT BE CONSIDEREDAN ADVANTAGE FOR THIS SYSTEM UNLESS IT CAN BE VERIFIED THAT D6 IS A SUPERORIOR DIE. I consider this section NPOV!!!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.19.53.240 (talk • contribs) 2010-09-03T05:07:44

The article says "It uses only six-sided dice, as generally used in many board games." The implication is that if you have the game book, you don't have to go buy special dice to play the game. You can just borrow the six-sided dice from your Monopoly or Trivial Pursuit game. It's an economic advantage for people who aren't veteran gamers, or who don't live near a gaming store where D20s are easy to find. WaxTadpole (talk) 22:46, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Math Section
The math section currently states that logarithmic functions are used in some optional situations? What are they? I don't remember ever coming accross them in my years of play... ZPS102 15:28, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

What is the minimum STR needed to lift a 311.6 kg weight? Since lift doubles with every 5 points fo STR, the calculation isn't linear, but instead calls for logs. Max Press = 25 kg * 2(STR/5), so you need to take the log base 2 of both sides to determine what an unlisted STR can lift, or STR = 5 * log2(weight/25 kg)

So for the example 311.6 kg weight, we get STR = 5*log2(311.6/25) = 18.2, rounded to 19 STR.--71.162.36.147 10:19, 24 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Re: Max press. Hero system strength isn't measured by "Max press" It is measured by the max amount of weight the character can barely get up and stagger for a couple steps Herogamer (talk) 15:46, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

Which is why the books have charts Osprey 12:00, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Merger
For some unknown reason, my attempt to find the article under "HERO System" didn't result in finding this article. Therefore I mistakenly thought there was no article and wrote one from scratch. A merger is obviously called for. --Michael Hopcroft 02:55, 30 November 2005 (PST)

Merging as requested. For a while, I thought HERO System would be the better title, since that's what Hero Games uses but then noticed that nothing links there, while a dozen or more pages link to Hero System, so will try to merge here. GRuban 19:06, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Whew. Done. Some redundancy still remains, but I think the combination is a major improvement over each page separately. GRuban 20:53, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Publication dates
Publication dates of 1st and 5th ed. are according to RPG Encyclopedia —TowerDragon 07:27, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Bulletproofness
Can someone who owns the book add the dimensions and weight of the 5th edition book to the article? The fact that it's 374 pages just doesn't convey it's hugeness to the audience. 24.252.10.228 21:39, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

I am not certain... but, didn't the bulletproofness video use the 5er (5th Edition, Revised) vice the FRed (original fifth edition)? The page count of 5er is approximately 592. 5er's depth dimension (front cover to back) differs based upon printing. I believe the off-white paper version, although lighter, is actually noticeably deeper. Due to the increased page count, all 5er's are thicker then the FReds. Lightning91 04:27, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

May 2007
I've attempted to merge the "Trivia" items into the rest of the article, per Avoid trivia sections in articles and Handling trivia. Some notes: Cheers, CWC 06:08, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) I delinkified the software names "Heromaker" and "Hero Designer" to reduce the number of redlinks.
 * 2) I took out the abbreviation "reFrED" for Revised Fifth Edition because it seems wrong to me — I'd expect "reFREd" instead.
 * 3) Could someone please check the last 2 paragraphs of Hero System carefully. I haven't watch the bookshooting video (due to limited bandwidth), and I'm not completely sure I got everything right.

Maths issues = Mathematics issues
Wikinoob here.. I normally don't touch anything, but I noticed that the linky thing wasn't directing properly and fixed it. --125.236.157.166 (talk) 21:01, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Relation to GURPS
The article states: "The HERO System itself was not released as an independent entity until 1989, as GURPS (Generic Universal Roleplaying System) became more popular. ". That's the first and only time GURPS is mentioned. As a player of Hero and GURPS I know that the system seem very similar, but this single sentence hardly explains why. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:52, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

The info Box
I have notice two thing I think should be changed
 * 1. The picture used is of the 5th edition book, and so is outdated (a 6th edition book is out and well established)
 * 2. The "Genre(s)" section define the game as "Superhero fiction", it should be either "Generic" or "Universal" (I'm changing to the later to be consistent with GURP another game system that is multi genre system)

--Nightseeder (talk) 23:16, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

 * change both issues (above) to reflect the new edition (6th) --Nightseeder (talk) 19:51, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Updates to Article Adequate?
Over the last few days I have added some references to more recent Hero Games publications, including the Sixth Edition version of Fantasy HERO. ARe these adequate to remove the "needs update" tag, or was something else required? --Michael Hopcroft (talk) (UTC)

title: Talk:Hero System


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List of pyramid mausoleums in North America

This is a list of pyramid mausoleums in North America. This Egyptian Revival funerary architecture was generally an extravagance of American tycoons who wanted themselves remembered as long and as well as the ancient pharaohs. Many of these date from the 1890s to the 1920s, when older, more modest expressions of "Egyptomania" gave way to "Egyptian temples or pyramids replete with guardian sphinxes, lotus-bedecked urns and columns, and Egyptian- themed stained glass windows."

Individuals and families

 * Henry Bergh Pyramid Mausoleum, Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York
 * Bradbury Mausoleum, Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California)
 * Leslie C. Brand, Brand Park, Glendale, California
 * William Harry Brown Pyramid, Homewood Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1898–1899)
 * Marcus Brown Pyramid, Oakhill Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Michigan, design inspired by Pyramid of Cestius in Rome
 * Brunswig Mausoleum, Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, Louisiana
 * Nicolas Cage's Future Tomb, Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1, New Orleans, Louisiana
 * Confederate Memorial Pyramid, Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia
 * Dorn Pyramid, Oddfellows Cemetery, San Luis Obispo, California
 * Gardel Memorial, Mount Vernon Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Lewis Grigsby Crypt, Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery, Los Angeles, California
 * John Gunckel Monument, Woodlawn Cemetery (Toledo, Ohio), Toledo, Ohio
 * Gwin Mausoleum, Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, California
 * Harms Family Mausoleum, Flower Hill Cemetery (North Bergen, New Jersey)
 * Mark Howard Pyramid, Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford, Connecticut
 * George W. P. Hunt, Hunt's Tomb, Phoenix, Arizona
 * A.R.S. Hunter Pyramid, Murphy, North Carolina
 * Pyramid tomb of Major E.C Lewis, Mt Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, TN
 * Longstreet Mausoleum, Oakwood Cemetery, Syracuse, New York
 * C.O.G. Miller Pyramid Mausoleum, Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, California
 * Mongin Family, Bonaventure Cemetery, Savannah, Georgia
 * Charles Debrille Poston, Poston Butte, Florence, Arizona
 * Rucker Family Tomb, Evergreen Cemetery, Everett, Washington
 * Sahlberg Pyramid, Santa Barbara Cemetery, Santa Barbara, California
 * Schoenhofen Pyramid Mausoleum, Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois
 * Shatto family, Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery, Los Angeles, California
 * Dr. Ira Smith's Pyramid, Grace Episcopal Church Cemetery, St. Francisville, Louisiana
 * Wm. Smith's Pyramid, Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, South Carolina
 * Van Ness/Parsons Mausoleum, Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, NY
 * Van Ness-Parsons G-W front jeh.jpgrbilt family, Moravian Cemetery, Staten Island, NY
 * Joel Parker Whitney, Spring Valley Ranch, Rocklin, California

Known but unidentified

 * Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio

Multiple burials

 * Forest Lawn South, Miami, Florida
 * Egbert Ludovicus Viele and his second wife, West Point, New York


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Lezgins

Lezgins (Лезгияр IPA: lezgijar) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern Dagestan, a republic of Russia, and northeastern Azerbaijan, and speak the Lezgin language. Their social structure is firmly based on equality and deference to individuality. Lezgin society is structured around djamaat (жамаат- unions of clans) and has traditionally been egalitarian and organised around many autonomous local clans, called syhils (сихилар).

The land of the Lezgins has been subject to multiple invaders throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Lezgins has contributed much to the Lezgin community ethos and helped shape its national character. Due to constant attacks from the invaders, the Lezgins have developed a national code of honor and conduct, Lezgiwal, passed down from generation to generation by parents and society. It implies moral and ethical behaviour, generosity and the will to safeguard the honor of women.

Etymology
The eagle being the Lezgin national animal, the term Lezgi is said to derive from Lek, the Lezgin word for eagle. Others believe Lezgi to be derived from the ancient Legi and early medieval Lakzi.

Ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred to the Legoi (or Λῆχαι) people who inhabited Caucasian Albania.

Arab historians of the 9th and 10th centuries mentioned a kingdom called Lakz, in present-day southern Dagestan. Al Masoudi referred to inhabitants of this area as Lakzams (Lezgins), who defended Shirvan against invaders from the north.

Prior to the Russian Revolution, "Lezgin" was a term applied to all ethnic groups inhabiting the present-day Russian Republic of Dagestan. In the 19th century, the term was used more broadly for all ethnic groups speaking non-Nakh Northeast Caucasian languages, including Caucasian Avars, Laks, and many others (although the Vainakh peoples, who were Northeast Caucasian language speakers were referred to as "Circassians").

History
In the 4th century BC, the numerous tribes speaking Lezgic languages united in a union of 26 tribes, formed in the Eastern Caucasus state of Caucasian Albania, which itself was incorporated in the Persian Achaemenid Empire in 513 BC. Under Persian and Parthian rule Caucasian Albania was divided into several areas — Lakzi, Shirvan, etc.

The Lezgic speaking tribes participated in the battle of Gaugamela under the Persian banner against the invading Alexander the Great.

Under Parthian rule, Iranian political and cultural influence increased in the whole region of their Caucasian Albanian province, therefore including where the Lezgic speaking tribes lived. Whatever the sporadic suzerainty of Rome of the region due to their wars with the Parthians, the country was now a part—together with Iberia (East Georgia) and (Caucasian) Albania, where other Arsacid branches reigned—of a pan-Arsacid family federation. Culturally, the predominance of Hellenism, as under the Artaxiads, was now followed by again a predominance of "Iranianism", and, symptomatically, instead of Greek, as before, Parthian became the language of the educated of the region. An incursion in this era was made by the Alans who between 134 and 136 attacked regions including where Lezgic tribes lived, but Vologases persuaded them to withdraw, probably by paying them.

In 252–253, rule over the Lezgic tribes changed from Parthian to Sassanid Persian. Caucasian Albania became a vassal state, now of the Sassanids, but retained its monarchy; the Albanian king had no real power and most civil, religious, and military authority lay with the Sassanid marzban (military governor) of the territory.

The Roman Empire obtained control over some of the southernmost Lezgin regions for a few years around 300 AD, but then the Sassanid Persians regained control and subsequently dominated the area for centuries until the Arab invasions.

Although Lezgins were first introduced to Islam perhaps as early as the 8th century, the Lezgins remained primarily animist until the 15th century, when Muslim influence became stronger, with Persian traders coming in from the south, and the Golden Horde increasingly pressing from the north. In the early 16th century, the Persian Safavids consolidated their control over large parts of Dagestan for centuries onwards. As a result of the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590, the Ottomans managed to wrest control of the region for a short period of time, until it was regained by the Safavids under king Abbas I (r. 1588–1629).

A notable Lezgin from the Safavid Iranian era was Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani, who served as Safavid grand vizier from 1716 to 1720, during the reign of king (shah) Sultan Husayn (1694–1722). By the early course of the 18th century, the Safavid Empire was in a state of heavy decline. In 1721, the Lezgins sacked and looted the city of Shamakhi, the provincial capital of Shirvan. The Lak Kazi Kumukh Khanate controlled a part of the Lezgins for a time in the 18th century after the disintegration of the Safavid Empire.

In the first half of the 18th century, Persia was able to restore its full authority throughout the entire Caucasus under Nader Shah. After the death of Nader, the area divided into multiple khanates. Some Lezgins were part of the Kuba Khanate in what is now Azerbaijan, while others fell under the jurisdiction of the Derbent Khanate and Kura Khanate. The main part of Lezgins united in "free society" (Magalim) (Akhty para (now Akhtynsky District), Kure (now Kurakhsky District), Alty-para and Dokuz-para (now Dokuzparinsky District)). Some Lezgin clans were in the Rutul Federation.

In 1813, as a result of the Treaty of Gulistan, the Russians gained control over southern Dagestan and most of what is the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic. The 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay indefinitely consolidated Russian control over Dagestan and other areas where the Lezgins lived and removed Iran from the military equation. The Russian administration subsequently created the Kiurin Khanate, later to become the Kiurin district. Many Lezgins in Dagestan, however, participated in the Great Caucasian War that started roughly during the same time the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century were happening, and fought against the Russians alongside the Avar Imam Shamil, who for 25 years (1834–1859) defied Russian rule. It was not until after his defeat in 1859 that the Russians consolidated their rule over Dagestan and the Lezgins.

Culture
Lezgins culture is a unique blend of native customs (adats). There is a strong theme of representing the nation with its national animal, the Lek (eagle), it's connected with a strong value on the concept of freedom. A large majority of the nation's national heroes fought for independence (Abrek Kiri Buba, Hadj-Dawud, etc.). Lezgins don't like coercion, their social structure being firmly based on equality and deference to individuality. Lezgin society is structured around djamaat (жамаат- unions of clans) and about 200-300 syhils (сихил - clan). Syhils descended from a common ancestor who lived a long time ago and each syhil has its own village and mountain. Syhils are further subdivided into miresar (patronymic families). The main type of settlement in Lezghins - the village ("hur"). With regard to social groups Lezgin village, it is divided into quarters. Distributed large geographically related settlement (one quarter - one syhil). Each village had a rural area - Kim, a gathering of residents (male part) at the village assembly to address the most important issues of public life of the village.

Lezgiwal
Lezgiwal (Лезгивал) an unwritten code of honor for the Lezghins. Lezgival was not written, it was formed among the people as a set of ethical rules for Lezghins. It covers all spheres of life of any member of society, starting from childhood. Lezgival is a Code of honor and conduct passed down from generation to generation by parents and society. It implies moral and ethical behaviour, generosity and the will to safeguard the honor of women. The legendary Abrek Kiri Buba before he was killed by the Russians said "Better a knife in the chest than honor in the dirt."

Religion
Lezgins like other Northeast Caucasian majority are Muslims, although, due to the long traditional beliefs, religion did not take root in its strict form. Under the influence of the neighbouring states, it was to a known extent suppressed, predominantly by Soviets, and nowadays plays a less significant role than the cultural traditions. However, the practitioners follow either the Shafi'i or the Hanafi schools of jurisprudence, fiqh. Lezgins celebrate Yaran Suvar, which dates to the pre-Islamic period, some also celebrate Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr.

Languages and literature
The Lezgin language belongs to the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family (with Aghul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Tabasaran, Budukh, Khinalug, Jek, Khaput, Kryts, and Udi). The Lezgin language has three closely related (mutually intelligible) dialects: Kurin (also referred to as Gunei or Kurakh), Akhti, and Kuba. The Kurin dialect is the most widespread of the three and is spoken throughout most of the Lezgin territories in Daghestan, including the town of Kurakh, which, historically, was the most important cultural, political, and economic center in the Lezgin territory in Daghestan and is the former seat of the khanate of Kurin. The Akhti dialect is spoken in southeastern Daghestan. The Kuba dialect, the most Turkicized of the three, is widespread among the Lezgins of northern Azerbaijan (named for the town of Kuba, the cultural and economical focus of the region).

Dances and music
Lezgin dance, including the Lezgin solo male and pair dance, are common among many peoples of the Caucasus. The dance uses a 2 image. The man moves in the way "eagle", alternates between a slow and rapid pace. The most spectacular movements are dance movements of men, when he is on his toes, throwing his hands in different directions. The woman moves in the form of "Swan", bewitching graceful posture and smooth hand movements. The woman increases the tempo of her dance after the man. Not surprisingly, the dance, common among all the Caucasian peoples, was named in accordance with the ancient totem of the Lezgins: the word "Lek" (лекь) means eagle.Epic-historical songs about wars are popular among Lezghins, Best-known are the ballads "Shamil atana"(about Imam Shamil) and "Kiri Buba." (about a Lezgin abrek). In the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Lezgin culture and literature underwent a culture significantly influence Azerbaijan. First Lezgin theater originated in 1906 in the village of Akhty. In 1935, based on the semi-professional team was created Lezgin State Music and Drama Theatre named after S. Stalsky. In 1998, the State Lezgin theater was opened in Azerbaijan, located in Qusar.

Traditional homeland
The Lezgins inhabit a compact territory that straddles the border area of southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. It lies, for the most part, in the southeastern portion of Daghestan in (Akhtynsky District, Dokuzparinsky District, Suleyman-Stalsky District, Kurakhsky District, Magaramkentsky District, Khivsky District, Derbentsky District and Rutulsky District) and contiguous northeastern Azerbaijan (in Kuba, Qusar, Qakh, Khachmaz, Oguz, Qabala, Nukha, and Ismailli districts).

The Lezgin territories are divided into two physiographic zones: a region of high, rugged mountains and the piedmont (foothills). Most of the Lezgin territory is in the mountainous zone, where a number of peaks (like Baba Dagh) reach over 3,500 meters in elevation. There are deep and isolated canyons and gorges formed by the tributaries of the Samur and Gulgeri Chai rivers. In the mountainous zones the summers are very hot and dry, with drought conditions a constant threat. There are few trees in this region aside from those in the deep canyons and along the streams themselves. Drought-resistant shrubs and weeds dominate the natural flora. The winters here are frequently windy and brutally cold. In this zone the Lezgins engaged primarily in animal husbandry (mostly sheep and goats) and in craft industries.

In the extreme east of the Lezgin territory, where the mountains give way to the narrow coastal plain of the Caspian Sea, and to the far south, in Azerbaijan, are the foothills. This region has relatively mild, very dry winters and hot, dry summers. Trees are few here also. In this region animal husbandry and artisanry were supplemented by some agriculture (along the alluvial deposits near the rivers).

Lezgins live mainly in Azerbaijan and Russia (Dagestan). The total population is believed to be around 700,000, with 474,000 living in Russia. In Azerbaijan, the government census counts 180,300. However, Lezgin national organizations mention 600,000 to 900,000, the disparity being that many Lezgins claim Azeri nationality to escape job and education discrimination in Azerbaijan. Despite the assimilationist policy of the Azeri government, the Lezgin population is undoubtedly greater than it appears.

As Svante Cornell adds;

"Whereas officially the number of Lezgins registered as such in Azerbaijan is around 180,000, the Lezgins claim that the number of Lezgins registered as Azerbaijan is many times higher than this figure, some accounts showing over 700,000 Lezgins in Azerbaijan. These figures are denied by the Azerbaijani government, but in private many Azeris acknowledge the fact that the Lezgins—and for that matter the Talysh or the Kurdish—population is far higher than the official figures."

Lezgins also live in Central Asia, mainly due to Stalin's deportation policies.

Azerbaijan
Lezgins are, "generally speaking", well integrated into the society of Azerbaijan. Mixed marriages are furthermore common. Lastly, Lezgins in Azerbaijan have a better level of education compared to their kin in Dagestan.

In 1992 a Lezgin organization named Sadval was established to promote Lezgin rights. Sadval campaigned for the redrawing of the Russian–Azerbaijani border to allow for the creation of a single Lezgin state encompassing areas in Russia and Azerbaijan where Lezgins were compactly settled. In Azerbaijan, a more moderate organization called Samur was formed, advocating more cultural autonomy for Lezgins in Azerbaijan.

Lezgins traditionally suffered from unemployment and a shortage of land. A major consequence of the outbreak of the war in Chechnya in 1994 was the closure of the border between Russia and Azerbaijan: as a result, the Lezgins were for the first time in their history separated by an international border restricting their movement.

The high tide of Lezgin mobilization in Azerbaijan appeared to have passed towards the end of the 1990s. Sadval was banned by the Azerbaijani authorities after official allegations that it was involved in a bombing of the Baku underground. The end of the Karabakh war, and Lezgin resistance to forced conscription, deprived the movement of a key issue on which to mobilize. In 1998 Sadval split into ‘moderate’ and ‘radical’ wings, following which it appeared to lose much of its popularity on both sides of the Russian–Azerbaijani border.

Lezgins expressed concern over underrepresentation in the Azerbaijani Parliament (Milli Meclis) after a shift away from proportional representation in the parliamentary elections of November 2005. Lezgins had been represented by two members of parliament in the previous parliament, but are now represented by only one.

Lezgins state that they face discrimination and that they feel forced to assimilate into Azeri identity to avoid economic and education discrimination. Therefore, the real number of Lezgins may be significantly higher than presented in censuses.

Lezgin is taught as a foreign language in areas where many Lezgins are settled, but teaching resources are scarce. Lezgin textbooks come from Russia and are not adapted to local conditions. Although Lezgin newspapers are available, Lezgins have also expressed concern over the disappearance of their rich oral tradition. The only Lezgin television broadcasting available in Azerbaijan is that received over the border from Russia.

In March 2006 Azerbaijani media reported that Sadval had formed an 'underground' terrorist unit carrying out operations in Dagestan. Security forces across the border in Dagestan in Russia, responded skeptically to these reports having found no evidence.

Dagestan
According to reports Lezgins in Dagestan suffer disproportionately from unemployment, with unemployment rates in Lezgin-populated areas of southern Dagestan twice the republic average of 32 percent. This may be one contributory factor to renewed calls from within the Sadval movement in January 2006 for a redrawing of the Russian-Azerbaijani border to incorporate Lezgin-populated areas of southern Dagestan within Azerbaijan.

In March 1999 another organization, the Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy, was established as an extraterritorial movement advocating cultural autonomy for Lezgins.

Genetics
Modern-day Lezgins speak Northeast Caucasian languages that have been spoken in the region before the introduction of Indo-European languages. They are closely related, both culturally and linguistically, to the Aghuls of southern Dagestan and, somewhat more distantly, to the Tsakhurs, Rutuls, and Tabasarans (the northern neighbors of the Lezgins). Also related, albeit more distantly, are the numerically small Jek, Kryts, Shahdagh, Budukh, and Khinalug peoples of northern Azerbaijan. These groups, together with the Lezgins, form the Samur branch of the indigenous Lezgic peoples.

Lezgins are believed to descend partly from people who inhabited the region of southern Dagestan in the Bronze Age. However, there is some DNA evidence of significant admixture during the last 4,000 years with a Central Asian population.

Notable Lezgins

 * Hadji Dawud (1680—c. 1736), a Lezgin military commander and Islamic religious leader, became influential in the resistance against Safavid imperialist expansion into the Caucasus during the early-18th century. Hadji Dawud is considered the first leader of the resistance in the Caucasus against Persian imperialism. He remains a hero of the Lezgin and Dagestan peoples in general, and of their struggle for independence.
 * Suleyman Kerimov (1966- ), oligarch, billionaire businessman, philanthropist, and politician
 * Nazim Huseynov (1969- ), judoka who won the Men's - 60 kg in the 1992 Summer Olympics, competing for the Unified Team
 * Ruslan Gurbanov (1991- ), footballer
 * Tavakkul Aslanov - chef and host of the Wilderness Cooking YouTube Channel
 * Ikram Aliskerov (1992- ), four-time world champion in combat sambo; MMA fighter

title: Lezgins


text: User talk:139.142.154.105

title: User talk:139.142.154.105