text:
Wikipedia:List of encyclopedia topics/(15)

Section 1

 * 1) Upper Weybread -- maybe Upper weybread --
 * 2) Upper Wick -- maybe Upper wick --
 * 3) Upperglen --
 * 4) Uppertown --
 * 5) Upperup --
 * 6) Upperwood --
 * 7) Uppincott --
 * 8) Upright Virgin's Bower -- maybe Upright virgin's bower -- maybe Upright Bower --  -- A Clematis
 * 9) Upthorpe --
 * 10) Upton Crews -- maybe Upton crews --
 * 11) Upton End -- maybe Upton end --
 * 12) Upwick Green -- maybe Upwick green --
 * 13) Urban Ecosystems -- maybe Urban ecosystems --
 * 14) Urch --
 * 15) Urdimarsh --
 * 16) Urger --
 * 17) Urmya --
 * 18) Ursula Andermatt --  -- Swiss actress
 * 19) Used Oil Recycling -- maybe Used oil recycling -- maybe Used Recycling -- : redirect to Oil recycling?
 * 20) Ustick --
 * 21) Usukun --
 * 22) Utchat --
 * 23) Uton --
 * 24) V Notch -- maybe V notch --
 * 25) VAD Wind Profile -- maybe Vad wind profile -- maybe VAD Profile --
 * 26) VALFAC --  -- Validation Facility
 * 27) VEEGA --  -- Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist
 * 28) VG/DG --  -- Vertical Gyro/Directional Gyro
 * 29) VIABLE --  -- Vertical Installation Automation Baseline
 * 30) VLSIC --  -- Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuit
 * 31) VOIR --
 * 32) VVSS --
 * 33) VZ-37 --
 * 34) Vaciniaceae --  -- Plant family
 * 35) Val Kline -- maybe Val kline --
 * 36) Val Verda -- maybe Val verda --
 * 37) Valdivial --
 * 38) Valencia Heights -- maybe Valencia heights --
 * 39) Valerie Allen --  -- any of several different actresses
 * 40) Valerie Starrett --  -- American actress
 * 41) Valerie White --  -- actress
 * 42) Valirie Alane -- bad scrape, should be Valérie Alane --  -- actress
 * 43) Valley End -- maybe Valley end --
 * 44) Valley Train -- maybe Valley train --
 * 45) Valums --
 * 46) Van Galen -- maybe Van galen --
 * 47) Van Spejk -- maybe Van spejk --
 * 48) Vanessa Lee Asher --  -- actress
 * 49) Vanfess --
 * 50) Vanna Barba --  -- actress
 * 51) Vanua-Valavo --  -- Fijian island
 * 52) Vapor Pressure Depression -- maybe Vapor pressure depression -- maybe Vapor Depression --
 * 53) Vasalop Race -- maybe Vasalop race --
 * 54) Vasek Simek -- maybe Vasek simek --
 * 55) Vault Light -- maybe Vault light --
 * 56) Vauntmure --
 * 57) Vector-spew --
 * 58) Vedanta Brahman -- maybe Vedanta brahman --  -- this looks like a bad scrape, incorrectly forcing Vedanta and Brahman into the same term.
 * 59) Velibor Andrejevic -- maybe Velibor andrejevic --
 * 60) Velocity Azimuth Display -- maybe Velocity azimuth display -- maybe Velocity Display --
 * 61) Vene L. Arcoraci -- maybe Vene Arcoraci --  -- actress, aka Vene Lynn Arcoraci, Vené Arcoraci
 * 62) Vener --
 * 63) Venezuela Boundary -- maybe Venezuela boundary --
 * 64) Venie Atherton --  -- actress
 * 65) Venn Ottery -- maybe Venn ottery --
 * 66) Venngreen --
 * 67) Vennington --
 * 68) Venny Tedburn -- maybe Venny tedburn --
 * 69) Vergette --
 * 70) Vermicular Work -- maybe Vermicular work --
 * 71) Verner Arpe -- maybe Verner arpe --
 * 72) Vernolds Common -- maybe Vernolds common --
 * 73) Vertical Lamination -- maybe Vertical lamination --
 * 74) Vertically Integrated Liquid Water -- maybe Vertically integrated liquid water -- maybe Vertically Integrated Water --
 * 75) Vertically Stacked System -- maybe Vertically stacked system --
 * 76) Veryan Bay -- maybe Veryan bay --
 * 77) Vesicaria --
 * 78) Veteran's Health -- maybe Veteran's health --
 * 79) Vgg --
 * 80) ViDir/ViRes File Monitor System -- maybe Vidir/vires file monitor system -- maybe ViDir/ViRes System --
 * 81) Viben --
 * 82) Vicinal Planes -- maybe Vicinal planes --
 * 83) Vickers .303 Mk 1 -- Vickers machine gun? -- maybe Vickers .303 mk 1 -- maybe Vickers 1 --
 * 84) Vickers 266 --
 * 85) Vickers Light Tank -- Cruiser Mk I? or Matilda Mk I? -- maybe Vickers light tank -- maybe Vickers Tank --

Section 2

 * 1) Vicky Albright --  -- actress, aka Vickie Albright, Vicki Albright
 * 2) Victor Arfvidson -- maybe Victor arfvidson --
 * 3) Victor Arnold -- maybe Victor arnold --
 * 4) Victor Benson -- maybe Victor benson --
 * 5) Victor Dunlop -- maybe Victor dunlop --
 * 6) Victoria Andrews --  -- pornographic actress
 * 7) Victoria Angulo --  -- actress
 * 8) Video Digitizer -- maybe Video digitizer --
 * 9) Video Integrator And Processor -- maybe Video integrator and processor -- maybe Video Processor --
 * 10) Vienna SC -- maybe Vienna sc --
 * 11) Vieregg --
 * 12) Viewfield --
 * 13) Viewpark --
 * 14) Vigoroso --
 * 15) Viktor Afritsch -- maybe Viktor afritsch --
 * 16) Viktor Allen -- maybe Viktor allen --
 * 17) Viktor Avdyushko -- maybe Viktor avdyushko --
 * 18) Vilho Auvinen -- maybe Vilho auvinen --
 * 19) Vili Auvinen -- maybe Vili auvinen --
 * 20) Villaviencio --  -- maybe a typo for Villavicencio?
 * 21) Ville au Camp -- maybe Ville au camp -- maybe Ville Camp --
 * 22) Vincent Amabile -- maybe Vincent amabile --
 * 23) Vincent Arias -- maybe Vincent arias --
 * 24) Vincenzellus --  -- a genus of the beetle subfamily Salpingidae
 * 25) Vine's Cross -- maybe Vine's cross --
 * 26) Vinehall Street -- maybe Vinehall street --
 * 27) Vingulf --
 * 28) Vinny Argiles -- maybe Vinny argiles --
 * 29) Viola Leyel -- maybe Viola leyel --
 * 30) Violenta --
 * 31) Viper V550 -- maybe Viper v550 --
 * 32) Virgil Antonescu -- maybe Virgil antonescu --
 * 33) Virgilla --
 * 34) Virginia Aldridge --  -- actress
 * 35) Virginia Penta --  -- actress
 * 36) Viridiana Alatriste --  -- Mexican actress
 * 37) Virna Anderson --  -- Italian actress
 * 38) Virole --
 * 39) Virtual Network System -- maybe Virtual network system -- maybe Virtual System --
 * 40) Visahari --
 * 41) Visceral skeleton --
 * 42) Vitamin and Mineral Supplements -- maybe Vitamin and mineral supplements -- maybe Vitamin Supplements --
 * 43) Vithar --
 * 44) Vittoria Gassman --  -- actress
 * 45) Vittorio Amendola -- maybe Vittorio amendola --
 * 46) Vittorio Andreavecchio -- maybe Vittorio andreavecchio --
 * 47) Vittorio Mezzoglomo -- maybe Vittorio mezzoglomo --
 * 48) Vivian Austin -- maybe Vivian austin --
 * 49) Vivian Caulfield -- maybe Vivian caulfield --
 * 50) Vivian Oakland -- maybe Vivian oakland --
 * 51) Vivienne Osborne --  -- American actress
 * 52) Viya Artmane -- maybe Viya artmane --
 * 53) Vjekoslav Afric -- maybe Vjekoslav afric --
 * 54) Vladimir Agatov -- maybe Vladimir agatov --
 * 55) Vladimir Pucholt -- maybe Vladimir pucholt --
 * 56) Vmctor Alcocer -- bad scrape, should be Víctor Alcocer --  -- Mexican actor
 * 57) Voetsek --
 * 58) Voice of the Wind -- maybe Voice of the wind -- maybe Voice Wind --
 * 59) Voider --
 * 60) Voltimand --
 * 61) Voltri --
 * 62) Voltzine --
 * 63) Volume Scan -- maybe Volume scan --
 * 64) Voluntary Measures -- maybe Voluntary measures --
 * 65) Voluntary Standards -- maybe Voluntary standards --
 * 66) Voluntary Standards Network -- maybe Voluntary standards network -- maybe Voluntary Network --
 * 67) Vrooman --
 * 68) Vulcan Village -- maybe Vulcan village --
 * 69) Vulturidae --
 * 70) Vyernyl --
 * 71) Vyshnii-Volochok --
 * 72) Vytasa --
 * 73) W. Handy -- maybe W. handy --
 * 74) W. Harriman -- maybe W. harriman --
 * 75) W. Jacobs -- maybe W. jacobs --
 * 76) Waddeton --
 * 77) Wadeford --
 * 78) Wadswick --
 * 79) Waen --
 * 80) Waen Fach -- maybe Waen fach --
 * 81) Waen-pentir --
 * 82) Waen-wen --
 * 83) Wagar --
 * 84) Wagbeach --
 * 85) Wagendorf --
 * 86) Wages Council -- maybe Wages council --
 * 87) Wages and Hours -- maybe Wages and hours -- maybe Wages Hours --
 * 88) Wagon Ceiling -- maybe Wagon ceiling --
 * 89) Wainfleet Bank -- maybe Wainfleet bank --
 * 90) Wainford --
 * 91) Wainhouse Corner -- maybe Wainhouse corner --
 * 92) Wains Hill -- maybe Wains hill --
 * 93) Waithe --
 * 94) Wal-wen --
 * 95) Walburg --
 * 96) Walbutt --
 * 97) Walcombe --

Section 3

 * 1) Walcot Green -- maybe Walcot green --
 * 2) Waldro --
 * 3) Waldschaf --
 * 4) Walhampton --
 * 5) Walker Fold -- maybe Walker fold --
 * 6) Walker's Heath -- maybe Walker's heath --
 * 7) Walkerith --
 * 8) Wall End -- maybe Wall end --
 * 9) Wall under Haywood -- maybe Wall under haywood -- maybe Wall Haywood --
 * 10) Wallace Shaen -- maybe Wallace shaen --
 * 11) Wallands Park -- maybe Wallands park --
 * 12) Waller's Green -- maybe Waller's green --
 * 13) Wallhead --
 * 14) Wallington Heath -- maybe Wallington heath --
 * 15) Walliswood --
 * 16) Wallthwaite --
 * 17) Walmestone --
 * 18) Walpole St. Andrew -- maybe Walpole st. andrew -- maybe Walpole Andrew --
 * 19) Walrow --
 * 20) Walsh Centre -- maybe Walsh centre --
 * 21) Walshall Green -- maybe Walshall green --
 * 22) Walshtown --
 * 23) Walter Addison -- maybe Walter addison --
 * 24) Walter Alza -- maybe Walter alza --
 * 25) Walter Alzmann -- maybe Walter alzmann --
 * 26) Walter Armitage -- maybe Walter armitage --
 * 27) Walter Hudd -- maybe Walter hudd --
 * 28) Walter Ouless -- maybe Walter ouless --
 * 29) Walter Sande -- maybe Walter sande --
 * 30) Walters Green -- maybe Walters green --
 * 31) Walterstone --
 * 32) Waltham's Cross -- Any connection to Waltham Cross? -- maybe Waltham's cross --  No they are miles apart although both in Essex
 * 33) Walton Cardiff -- maybe Walton cardiff --
 * 34) Walton Elm -- maybe Walton elm --
 * 35) Walton Lower Street -- maybe Walton lower street -- maybe Walton Street --
 * 36) Walwen --
 * 37) Walwyn's Castle -- maybe Walwyn's castle --
 * 38) Wamduska --
 * 39) Wampool --
 * 40) Wanda Acuna --  -- Puerto Rican actress, aka Wanda Aguna
 * 41) Wandelaar --
 * 42) Wano --
 * 43) Wanshurst Green -- maybe Wanshurst green --
 * 44) Wants Green -- maybe Wants green --
 * 45) Warb --
 * 46) Ward Bingley -- maybe Ward bingley --
 * 47) Warden Street -- maybe Warden street --
 * 48) Wardhedges --
 * 49) Warding --
 * 50) Wardsend --
 * 51) Ware Street -- maybe Ware street --
 * 52) Warenford --
 * 53) Warenton --
 * 54) Wargate --
 * 55) Warham St. Mary -- maybe Warham st. mary -- maybe Warham Mary --
 * 56) Warkleigh --
 * 57) Warland --
 * 58) Warleigh --
 * 59) Warm Advection -- maybe Warm advection --
 * 60) Warmanbie --
 * 61) Warmbrook --
 * 62) Warnham Court -- maybe Warnham court --
 * 63) Warraus --
 * 64) Warren Ashe -- (1903-1946), actor -- maybe Warren ashe --
 * 65) Warren Hillman -- maybe Warren hillman --
 * 66) Warren's Green -- maybe Warren's green --
 * 67) Warrenhill --
 * 68) Warsop Vale -- maybe Warsop vale --
 * 69) Warter Priory -- maybe Warter priory --
 * 70) Waruna --
 * 71) Warwicksland --
 * 72) Washbourne --
 * 73) Washfield --
 * 74) Washford Pyne -- maybe Washford pyne --
 * 75) Waspada --
 * 76) Wasps Nest -- Wasp nest? -- maybe Wasps nest --
 * 77) Wasta No. 2 -- maybe Wasta no. 2 -- maybe Wasta 2 --  -- Wasta Township, Pennington County, South Dakota
 * 78) Waste Generation -- maybe Waste generation --
 * 79) Waste Legal Aspects -- maybe Waste legal aspects -- maybe Waste Aspects --
 * 80) Waste Storage -- maybe Waste storage --
 * 81) Waste Transportation -- maybe Waste transportation --
 * 82) Wastewater Financing -- maybe Wastewater financing --
 * 83) Wastewater Systems -- Wastewater -- maybe Wastewater systems --
 * 84) Watch Box -- maybe Watch box --
 * 85) Watchgate --
 * 86) Water End -- maybe Water end --
 * 87) Water Fryston -- maybe Water fryston --
 * 88) Water Joint -- maybe Water joint --
 * 89) Water Models -- maybe Water models --
 * 90) Water Platter -- maybe Water platter --
 * 91) Water Pollution Control -- maybe Water pollution control -- maybe Water Control --
 * 92) Water Pollution Effects -- maybe Water pollution effects -- maybe Water Effects --
 * 93) Water Pollution Legal Aspects -- maybe Water pollution legal aspects -- maybe Water Aspects --
 * 94) Water Quality Monitoring -- maybe Water quality monitoring -- maybe Water Monitoring --
 * 95) Water Wing -- maybe Water wing --
 * 96) Water Yeat -- maybe Water yeat --
 * 97) Water's Nook -- maybe Water's nook --
 * 98) Water-souchy -- dish consisting of small fish stewed and served in a little water --
 * 99) Watercombe --
 * 100) Waterden --

Section 4

 * 1) Waterend --
 * 2) Watering Call -- maybe Watering call --
 * 3) Waterloo Cross -- maybe Waterloo cross --
 * 4) Waterloo Port -- maybe Waterloo port --
 * 5) Watermillock --
 * 6) Watton Green -- maybe Watton green --
 * 7) Wattons Green -- maybe Wattons green --
 * 8) Waulkmill --
 * 9) Waved --
 * 10) Way Wick -- maybe Way wick --
 * 11) Waye --
 * 12) Wayne Arey -- maybe Wayne arey --
 * 13) Wayne Armstrong -- maybe Wayne armstrong --
 * 14) Waythorn --
 * 15) Waytown --
 * 16) Wayzetta --
 * 17) Wazari --
 * 18) Weare Giffard -- maybe Weare giffard --
 * 19) Weather Door -- maybe Weather door --
 * 20) Weather Moulding -- maybe Weather moulding --
 * 21) Weatheroak Hill -- maybe Weatheroak hill --
 * 22) Weaverslake --
 * 23) WebSnake --
 * 24) WebTable --
 * 25) WebWhacker --
 * 26) Webb's Heath -- maybe Webb's heath --
 * 27) Webclipping --
 * 28) Webley-Bentley --
 * 29) Webton --
 * 30) Wedderlairs --
 * 31) Wedding Hall Fold -- maybe Wedding hall fold -- maybe Wedding Fold --
 * 32) Weecar --
 * 33) Weeke --
 * 34) Weeki Wachee Acres --  -- Place in Florida
 * 35) Weeping Cross -- maybe Weeping cross --
 * 36) Weethley --
 * 37) Weir Quay -- maybe Weir quay --
 * 38) Weirbrook --
 * 39) Welches Dam -- maybe Welches dam --
 * 40) Weldon Bridge -- maybe Weldon bridge --
 * 41) Wele --
 * 42) Welfare and Pension Plans -- maybe Welfare and pension plans -- maybe Welfare Plans --
 * 43) Well Fold -- maybe Well fold --
 * 44) Well Staircase -- type of stair case with walls (and doors naturally)? -- maybe Well staircase --
 * 45) Well Town -- maybe Well town --
 * 46) Welland Stone -- maybe Welland stone --
 * 47) Wellbank --
 * 48) Wellbury --
 * 49) Wellhole --
 * 50) Wellhouse --
 * 51) Wellington Heath -- maybe Wellington heath --
 * 52) Wellington Marsh -- maybe Wellington marsh --
 * 53) Wellpond Green -- maybe Wellpond green --
 * 54) Wells Green -- maybe Wells green --
 * 55) Wells Head -- maybe Wells head --
 * 56) Wellstye Green -- maybe Wellstye green --
 * 57) Welltree --
 * 58) Welsh Cavalry -- maybe Welsh cavalry --
 * 59) Welsh Hook -- maybe Welsh hook --
 * 60) Welsh St Donats -- maybe Welsh st donats -- maybe Welsh Donats --
 * 61) Welton le Wold -- maybe Welton le wold -- maybe Welton Wold --
 * 62) Wen Jang -- maybe Wen jang --
 * 63) Wenallt --
 * 64) Wendell Cory -- maybe Wendell cory --
 * 65) Wendy Alnutt --  -- actress, aka Wendy Allnutt
 * 66) Wener --
 * 67) Wenfordbridge --
 * 68) Wentnor --
 * 69) Weobley Marsh -- maybe Weobley marsh --
 * 70) Wergs --
 * 71) Wern --
 * 72) Wern-y-gaer --
 * 73) Weskan --
 * 74) West Anstey -- maybe West anstey --
 * 75) West Appleton -- maybe West appleton --
 * 76) West Balsdon -- maybe West balsdon --
 * 77) West Barnby -- maybe West barnby --
 * 78) West Bedfont -- maybe West bedfont --
 * 79) West Boone -- maybe West boone --
 * 80) West Bourton -- maybe West bourton --
 * 81) West Bradenham -- maybe West bradenham --
 * 82) West Briscoe -- maybe West briscoe --
 * 83) West Cairngaan -- maybe West cairngaan --
 * 84) West Center -- maybe West center --
 * 85) West Chaldon -- maybe West chaldon --
 * 86) West Challow -- maybe West challow --
 * 87) West Chelborough -- maybe West chelborough --
 * 88) West Cherry -- maybe West cherry --
 * 89) West Chevington -- maybe West chevington --
 * 90) West Combe -- maybe West combe --
 * 91) West Cooper -- maybe West cooper --
 * 92) West Cottingwith -- maybe West cottingwith --
 * 93) West Curry -- maybe West curry --
 * 94) West Curthwaite -- maybe West curthwaite --
 * 95) West Dunnet -- maybe West dunnet --
 * 96) West End Green -- maybe West end green -- maybe West Green --
 * 97) West Firsby -- maybe West firsby --
 * 98) West Flotmanby -- maybe West flotmanby --
 * 99) West Ginge -- maybe West ginge --
 * 100) West Haddlesey -- maybe West haddlesey --

Section 5

 * 1) West Hale -- maybe West hale --
 * 2) West Hallam Common -- maybe West hallam common -- maybe West Common --
 * 3) West Handley -- maybe West handley --
 * 4) West Hanson -- maybe West hanson --
 * 5) West Harnham -- maybe West harnham --
 * 6) West Hewish -- maybe West hewish --
 * 7) West Highland -- maybe West highland --
 * 8) West Holme -- maybe West holme --
 * 9) West Hope -- maybe West hope --
 * 10) West Horton -- maybe West horton --
 * 11) West Hougham -- maybe West hougham --
 * 12) West Howetown -- maybe West howetown --
 * 13) West Hyde -- maybe West hyde --
 * 14) West Ilkerton -- maybe West ilkerton --
 * 15) West Knoyle -- maybe West knoyle --
 * 16) West Laroch -- maybe West laroch --
 * 17) West Learmouth -- maybe West learmouth --
 * 18) West Lees -- maybe West lees --
 * 19) West Lilling -- maybe West lilling --
 * 20) West Lydford -- maybe West lydford --
 * 21) West Markham -- maybe West markham --
 * 22) West Melbury -- maybe West melbury --
 * 23) West Meon Hut -- maybe West meon hut -- maybe West Hut --
 * 24) West Minster -- maybe West minster --
 * 25) West Morden -- maybe West morden --
 * 26) West Morriston -- maybe West morriston --
 * 27) West Newbiggin -- maybe West newbiggin --
 * 28) West Ogwell -- maybe West ogwell --
 * 29) West Panson -- maybe West panson --
 * 30) West Pentire -- maybe West pentire --
 * 31) West Porlock -- maybe West porlock --
 * 32) West Prawle -- maybe West prawle --
 * 33) West Pulham -- maybe West pulham --
 * 34) West Putford -- maybe West putford --
 * 35) West Raddon -- maybe West raddon --
 * 36) West Ravendale -- maybe West ravendale --
 * 37) West Rondell -- maybe West rondell --
 * 38) West Row -- maybe West row --
 * 39) West Saline -- maybe West saline --
 * 40) West Sandford -- maybe West sandford --
 * 41) West Sleekburn -- maybe West sleekburn --
 * 42) West Stoughton -- maybe West stoughton --
 * 43) West Stowell -- maybe West stowell --
 * 44) West Stratton -- maybe West stratton --
 * 45) West Taphouse -- maybe West taphouse --
 * 46) West Tarbert -- maybe West tarbert --
 * 47) West Thorpe -- maybe West thorpe --
 * 48) West Tytherley -- maybe West tytherley --
 * 49) West Tytherton -- maybe West tytherton --
 * 50) West Walton Highway -- maybe West walton highway -- maybe West Highway --
 * 51) West Washington -- maybe West washington --
 * 52) West Weetwood -- maybe West weetwood --
 * 53) West Wembury -- maybe West wembury --
 * 54) West Williamston -- maybe West williamston --
 * 55) West Winterslow -- maybe West winterslow --
 * 56) West Woodside -- maybe West woodside --
 * 57) West Worldham -- maybe West worldham --
 * 58) West Wylam -- maybe West wylam --
 * 59) West Yatton -- maybe West yatton --
 * 60) West Yoke -- maybe West yoke --
 * 61) West Youlstone -- maybe West youlstone --
 * 62) Westbury Leigh -- maybe Westbury leigh --
 * 63) Westcott Barton -- maybe Westcott barton --
 * 64) Westcourt --
 * 65) Westdiep --
 * 66) Westdown Camp -- maybe Westdown camp --
 * 67) Wested --
 * 68) Westend Town -- maybe Westend town --
 * 69) Wester Drumashie -- maybe Wester drumashie --
 * 70) Wester Essenside -- maybe Wester essenside --
 * 71) Wester Ochiltree -- maybe Wester ochiltree --
 * 72) Wester Pitkierie -- maybe Wester pitkierie --
 * 73) Western Mound -- maybe Western mound --
 * 74) Westfield Sole -- maybe Westfield sole --
 * 75) Westfields of Rattray -- maybe Westfields of rattray -- maybe Westfields Rattray --
 * 76) Westfir --
 * 77) Westgate Hill -- maybe Westgate hill --
 * 78) Westgate Street -- maybe Westgate street --
 * 79) Westhide --
 * 80) Westhinder --
 * 81) Westland Green -- maybe Westland green --
 * 82) Westminster East -- maybe Westminster east --
 * 83) Westola --
 * 84) Weston Colley -- maybe Weston colley --
 * 85) Weston Jones -- maybe Weston jones --
 * 86) Weston in Arden -- maybe Weston in arden -- maybe Weston Arden --
 * 87) Weston-upon-Trent --
 * 88) Westoning Woodend -- maybe Westoning woodend --
 * 89) Westpeek --
 * 90) Westra --
 * 91) Westrigg --
 * 92) Westrop --
 * 93) Westrumite --
 * 94) Westry --
 * 95) Westvale --
 * 96) Westwoodside --
 * 97) Wet Weather Programs -- maybe Wet weather programs -- maybe Wet Programs --
 * 98) Wetham Green -- maybe Wetham green --
 * 99) Wetherup Street -- maybe Wetherup street --
 * 100) Wetwood --

Section 6

 * 1) Wexham Street -- maybe Wexham street --
 * 2) Weybread Street -- maybe Weybread street --
 * 3) Weycroft --
 * 4) Whalesbury --
 * 5) Whalley Banks -- maybe Whalley banks --
 * 6) Whalsey --
 * 7) Whamley --
 * 8) Whaplode Drove -- maybe Whaplode drove --
 * 9) Whasset --
 * 10) What Price Victory -- maybe What price victory --  -- 1988 film.
 * 11) WhatFun --
 * 12) Whatley's End -- maybe Whatley's end --
 * 13) Whatsole Street -- maybe Whatsole street --
 * 14) Wheatsheaf --
 * 15) Wheel Window -- maybe Wheel window --
 * 16) Wheelbarrow Town -- maybe Wheelbarrow town --
 * 17) Wheeler's Green -- maybe Wheeler's green --
 * 18) Wheeler's Street -- maybe Wheeler's street --
 * 19) Wheelerstreet --
 * 20) Wheldale --
 * 21) Whelford --
 * 22) Whelpo --
 * 23) Whelston --
 * 24) Whet Slate -- maybe Whet slate --
 * 25) Whetsted --
 * 26) Wheyrigg --
 * 27) Whicham --
 * 28) Whiddon --
 * 29) Whiffy --
 * 30) Whigham --
 * 31) Whight's Corner -- maybe Whight's corner --
 * 32) Whigstreet --
 * 33) Whimble --
 * 34) Whimpwell Green -- maybe Whimpwell green --
 * 35) Whin Lane End -- maybe Whin lane end -- maybe Whin End --
 * 36) Whinnie Liggate -- maybe Whinnie liggate --
 * 37) Whinnow --
 * 38) Whip-snake -- applied to multiple genera, family Colubridae? --
 * 39) Whipstitch --
 * 40) Whipton --
 * 41) Whiskey Run -- maybe Whiskey run --
 * 42) Whistling Snipe -- Philohela minor -- maybe Whistling snipe --
 * 43) Whiston Cross -- maybe Whiston cross --
 * 44) Whiston Eaves -- maybe Whiston eaves --
 * 45) Whiston Lane End -- maybe Whiston lane end -- maybe Whiston End --
 * 46) Whit Reichert -- maybe Whit reichert --
 * 47) Whitbyheath --
 * 48) Whitchester --
 * 49) Whitcot --
 * 50) White Austrian -- maybe White austrian --
 * 51) White End -- maybe White end --
 * 52) White Holland -- maybe White holland --
 * 53) White Lackington -- maybe White lackington --
 * 54) White Lilies -- maybe White lilies --
 * 55) White Mound -- maybe White mound --
 * 56) White Ox Mead -- maybe White ox mead -- maybe White Mead --
 * 57) White Pit -- maybe White pit --
 * 58) White Post -- maybe White post --
 * 59) White Satin -- maybe White satin --
 * 60) White Stake -- maybe White stake --
 * 61) White Swallow-wort -- Cynanchum vincetoxicum or Vincetoxicum hirundinaria -- maybe White swallow-wort --
 * 62) White Wood -- maybe White wood --
 * 63) Whiteacre --
 * 64) Whiteacre Heath -- maybe Whiteacre heath --
 * 65) Whiteash Green -- maybe Whiteash green --
 * 66) Whitecliffe --
 * 67) Whitefield Lane End -- maybe Whitefield lane end -- maybe Whitefield End --
 * 68) Whiteley Green -- maybe Whiteley green --
 * 69) Whitemire --
 * 70) Whitenap --
 * 71) Whiteoak Green -- maybe Whiteoak green --
 * 72) Whitestone Cross -- maybe Whitestone cross --
 * 73) Whitestreet Green -- maybe Whitestreet green --
 * 74) Whitewall Corner -- maybe Whitewall corner --
 * 75) Whitington --
 * 76) Whitlaw --
 * 77) Whitletts --
 * 78) Whitley Heath -- maybe Whitley heath --
 * 79) Whitley Row -- maybe Whitley row --
 * 80) Whitnage --
 * 81) Whitrigglees --
 * 82) Whitsford --
 * 83) Whitteron --
 * 84) Whittington Moor -- maybe Whittington moor --
 * 85) Whittlestone Head -- maybe Whittlestone head --
 * 86) Whittonditch --
 * 87) Whittonstall --
 * 88) Whitway --
 * 89) Whitwell Street -- maybe Whitwell street --
 * 90) Whitwood --
 * 91) Whole Hog -- maybe Whole hog --
 * 92) Whole-Tree Harvesting -- maybe Whole-tree harvesting --
 * 93) Whoopsie --
 * 94) Whopping --
 * 95) Whyle --
 * 96) Wibdon --
 * 97) Wick End -- maybe Wick end --
 * 98) Wickenby --
 * 99) Wickham Green -- maybe Wickham green --
 * 100) Wickham Street -- maybe Wickham street --

Section 7

 * 1) Wickhampton --
 * 2) Wickstreet --
 * 3) Widdington --
 * 4) Widner --
 * 5) Widworthy --
 * 6) Wigborough --
 * 7) Wiggenstall --
 * 8) Wigging --
 * 9) Wiggington --
 * 10) Wiggold --
 * 11) Wigthorpe --
 * 12) Wigtown Bay -- maybe Wigtown bay --
 * 13) Wigtown Militia -- maybe Wigtown militia --
 * 14) Wigtwizzle --
 * 15) Wil Albert -- maybe Wil albert --
 * 16) Wil Darwin Adams -- maybe Wil darwin adams -- maybe Wil Adams --
 * 17) Wilberton --
 * 18) Wild Indians -- maybe Wild indians --
 * 19) Wilday Green -- maybe Wilday green --
 * 20) Wildhern --
 * 21) Wildhill --
 * 22) Wildmanbridge --
 * 23) Wildmoor --
 * 24) Wildsworth --
 * 25) Wilhelmina Fernandez -- this should possibly be Wilhelminia Fernandez --  -- soprano and occasional actress
 * 26) Wilkesley --
 * 27) Wilkhaven --
 * 28) Wilkin's Green -- maybe Wilkin's green --
 * 29) Wilksby --
 * 30) Will Armstrong -- maybe Will armstrong --
 * 31) Will Aubrey -- maybe Will aubrey --
 * 32) Will Nye -- maybe Will nye --
 * 33) Will Quale -- maybe Will quale --
 * 34) Willards Hill -- maybe Willards hill --
 * 35) Willcott --
 * 36) Willesleigh --
 * 37) Willey Green -- maybe Willey green --
 * 38) William Akey -- maybe William akey --
 * 39) William Allyn -- maybe William allyn --
 * 40) William Arvay -- maybe William arvay --
 * 41) William Cagney -- american actor (c-list?) --
 * 42) William Challee -- american TV actor, lots of work --
 * 43) William Dewhurst -- british actor --
 * 44) William F. Alder -- early american cinematographer -- maybe William Alder --
 * 45) William H. Ross -- the IIIrd? --
 * 46) William L. Abingdon -- early british actor -- maybe William Abingdon --
 * 47) William LaPorte -- maybe William laporte --
 * 48) William S. Adams -- Stuart, american actor --
 * 49) William Stage -- William Stage Boyd actor?, otherwise true crime author of no note --
 * 50) William T. Amos -- maybe William t. amos -- maybe William Amos --
 * 51) William Tepper -- maybe William tepper --
 * 52) William Tubbs -- maybe William tubbs --
 * 53) William Waterman -- maybe William waterman --
 * 54) Willie Amakye -- maybe Willie amakye --
 * 55) Willie Andriason -- maybe Willie andriason --
 * 56) Willie Warmer -- maybe Willie warmer --
 * 57) Willow Branch -- maybe Willow branch --
 * 58) Wills Moody -- maybe Wills moody --
 * 59) Willsworthy --
 * 60) Willtown --
 * 61) Wilshaw --
 * 62) Wind Belt -- maybe Wind belt --
 * 63) Wind Chest -- maybe Wind chest --
 * 64) Window Back -- maybe Window back --
 * 65) Winless --
 * 66) Winllan --
 * 67) Winscales --
 * 68) Winswell --
 * 69) Winter Royal -- maybe Winter royal --
 * 70) Winterborne Came -- maybe Winterborne came --
 * 71) Winterborne Clenston -- maybe Winterborne clenston --
 * 72) Winterborne Herringston -- maybe Winterborne herringston --
 * 73) Winterborne Tomson -- maybe Winterborne tomson --
 * 74) Wirer --
 * 75) Wirrah --
 * 76) Wiseton --
 * 77) Wishanger --
 * 78) Wispington --
 * 79) Wissenden --
 * 80) Wistanswick --
 * 81) Wistaston Green -- maybe Wistaston green --
 * 82) Wisterfield --
 * 83) Witby Mills -- maybe Witby mills --
 * 84) Witch peg --
 * 85) Withamite --
 * 86) Withe -- could stand for Hickory Withe, Tennessee --
 * 87) Witherslack Hall -- maybe Witherslack hall --
 * 88) Withielgoose --
 * 89) Withington Green -- maybe Withington green --
 * 90) Withington Marsh -- maybe Withington marsh --
 * 91) Withlafe --
 * 92) Withybed Green -- maybe Withybed green --
 * 93) Witton Green -- maybe Witton green --
 * 94) Wivelrod --
 * 95) Wix Green -- maybe Wix green --
 * 96) Wolbach --
 * 97) Wolborough --
 * 98) Wolf Ackva -- de -- maybe Wolf ackva --
 * 99) Wolf Butte -- maybe Wolf butte --
 * 100) Wolf Hills -- maybe Wolf hills --

Section 8

 * 1) Wolfclyde --
 * 2) Wolfsdale --
 * 3) Wolleigh --
 * 4) Wollerton --
 * 5) Wolseley Bridge -- maybe Wolseley bridge --
 * 6) Wolsty --
 * 7) Wolvey Heath -- maybe Wolvey heath --
 * 8) Womersley --
 * 9) Wonson --
 * 10) Wooburn Moor -- maybe Wooburn moor --
 * 11) Wood Bevington -- maybe Wood bevington --
 * 12) Wood Burcot -- maybe Wood burcot --
 * 13) Wood Core -- maybe Wood core --
 * 14) Wood Enderby -- maybe Wood enderby --
 * 15) Wood Hayes -- maybe Wood hayes --
 * 16) Wood Row -- maybe Wood row --
 * 17) Wood Top -- maybe Wood top --
 * 18) Wood pitch --
 * 19) Wood's Green -- maybe Wood's green --
 * 20) Wood-Witch --
 * 21) Woodbeck --
 * 22) Woodbury Salterton -- maybe Woodbury salterton --
 * 23) Woodcombe --
 * 24) Woodcote Green -- maybe Woodcote green --
 * 25) Woodcott --
 * 26) Woodend Green -- maybe Woodend green --
 * 27) Woodhall Hill -- maybe Woodhall hill --
 * 28) Woodhorn Demesne -- maybe Woodhorn demesne --
 * 29) Woodhouse Green -- maybe Woodhouse green --
 * 30) Woodhouselee --
 * 31) Woodhouselees --
 * 32) Woodhuish --
 * 33) Woodland Head -- maybe Woodland head --
 * 34) Woodland Street -- maybe Woodland street --
 * 35) Woodland View -- maybe Woodland view --
 * 36) Woodley Green -- maybe Woodley green --
 * 37) Woodmancott --
 * 38) Woodmansgreen --
 * 39) Woodmanton --
 * 40) Woodmarsh --
 * 41) Woodminton --
 * 42) Woodnook --
 * 43) Woodsend --
 * 44) Woodside-Drifton --
 * 45) Woodwall Green -- maybe Woodwall green --
 * 46) Wool Market -- maybe Wool market --
 * 47) Woolah --
 * 48) Woolcotts --
 * 49) Woold --
 * 50) Wooley Bridge -- maybe Wooley bridge --
 * 51) Woolfold --
 * 52) Woolhanger --
 * 53) Woolmere Green -- maybe Woolmere green --
 * 54) Woolmerston --
 * 55) Woolston Green -- maybe Woolston green --
 * 56) Wooperton --
 * 57) Wootten Breadmead -- maybe Wootten breadmead --
 * 58) Wootten Green -- maybe Wootten green --
 * 59) Wootton St. Lawrence -- maybe Wootton st. lawrence -- maybe Wootton Lawrence --
 * 60) Work Projects -- maybe Work projects --
 * 61) Workhouse End -- maybe Workhouse end --
 * 62) Workplace Exposure -- maybe Workplace exposure --
 * 63) World Food Supply -- maybe World food supply -- maybe World Supply --
 * 64) Worm-Eater --
 * 65) Wormington --
 * 66) Wormiston --
 * 67) Yaesu FRG-100 -- all of these are models of radios made by Yaesu (brand) --
 * 68) Yaesu FRG-7000 --
 * 69) Yaesu FRG-8800 --
 * 70) Yonnie -- proper name, slang for stone? --
 * 71) Yoram Astrakhan -- cinematographer --


text:
User:Steve nova/Gallery

Blank world map

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Steve nova/Gallery


text:
Black River

Black River is a common name for streams and communities around the world: in Spanish and Portuguese, Rio Negro; in French, Rivière Noire; in Turkish, Kara Su; in Serbo-Croatian, Crna Reka, Црна Река or Crna Rijeka, Црна Ријека; in Macedonian, Црна Река, Crna Reka.

Africa

 * Bafing River, also known as Black River
 * Black River (Cape Town)
 * Niger River, named by European mapmakers during the Middle Ages, perhaps from Latin niger "black"

Australia

 * Black River (Queensland)
 * Black River (Tasmania)
 * Black River (Victoria)

Brazil and Colombia

 * Black River (Amazon), known as Rio Negro in Portuguese and Río Negro or Río Guainía in Spanish

Canada

 * Black River (New Brunswick)
 * Black River (Ontario), listing eight rivers of the name
 * Black River (Portneuf), Quebec
 * Black River, a river on Vancouver Island, British Columbia
 * Noire River (Ottawa River tributary), Quebec, English translation Black River

China

 * Mainland
 * Amur River
 * Black River (Asia), also known as Lixian River, a tributary of the Red River
 * Ejin River, also known as the Heihe (黑河, lit. "black river")

Honduras

 * Sico River, historically called the Rio Tinto, or Black River

India

 * Krishna River, from Sanskrit Krishna "Black"

Ireland

 * Black River (Ireland), in counties Galway and Mayo
 * Duff River, in counties Leitrim and Sligo; the northern part is also known as the Black River

Jamaica

 * Black River (Jamaica)

Macedonia

 * Crna River (Vardar)

Russia

 * Amur River
 * Chernaya River (Saint Petersburg), also known as the Tchernaya Rechka

Sri Lanka

 * Black River (Sri Lanka)

Taiwan

 * Black River (Taiwan), another name for the Dadu River

Ukraine

 * Chyornaya (Crimea), also known as the Black River

United States

 * Draanjik River, also known as Black River, a tributary of the Porcupine River in Alaska
 * Black River (Arizona), a tributary of the Salt River
 * Black River (Arkansas–Missouri), a tributary of the White River
 * Black River, the name of the lower reaches of the Ouachita River in Arkansas
 * Black River (Okefenokee Swamp), Georgia
 * Black River (Indiana), a small tributary of the Wabash River
 * Black River (Louisiana)
 * In Michigan
 * Black River (Alcona County), tributary of Lake Huron
 * Black River (Cheboygan County), tributary of the Cheboygan River
 * Black River (Gogebic County), tributary of Lake Superior
 * Black River (Mackinac County), tributary of Lake Michigan
 * Black River, tributary of Lake Michigan, also called Macatawa River
 * Black River (Marquette County), tributary of the Escanaba River
 * Black River (Southwest Michigan), tributary of Lake Michigan
 * Black River (St. Clair River tributary), tributary of the St. Clair River
 * In Minnesota
 * Black River (Rainy River)
 * Black River (Red Lake River)
 * Black River (New Jersey), a tributary of the North Branch Raritan River
 * Black River (New Mexico), a tributary of the Pecos River
 * In New York
 * Black River (New York), a tributary of Lake Ontario
 * Black River (Kinderhook Creek tributary), in Rensselaer County
 * Black River (Bouquet River tributary), in Essex County
 * Black River (North Carolina), a tributary of the Cape Fear River
 * Black River (Ohio), a tributary of Lake Erie
 * Black River (Saucon Creek), in Pennsylvania
 * Black River (South Carolina), a tributary of the Great Pee Dee River
 * In Vermont:
 * Black River (Connecticut River tributary), a tributary of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont
 * Black River (Lake Memphremagog), a tributary of Lake Memphremagog in northern Vermont
 * In Washington
 * Black River (Chehalis River tributary), a tributary of the Chehalis River in the state of Washington
 * Black River (Duwamish River tributary), a river in the state of Washington
 * In Wisconsin
 * Black River (Wisconsin-Lake Michigan), a tributary of Lake Michigan in the state of Wisconsin
 * Black River (Wisconsin), a tributary of Mississippi River in the state of Wisconsin
 * Black River (Nemadji River), a tributary of the Nemadji River in the state of Wisconsin

Vietnam

 * Black River (Asia), also known as Lixian River in China, a tributary of the Red River

Communities

 * Black River, Jamaica, the capital of St. Elizabeth Parish
 * Black River (settlement), an 18th-century British settlement on the Caribbean coast of present-day Honduras

Mauritius

 * Rivière Noire District, a district in Mauritius which mean 'Black River' in French

Australia

 * Black River, Tasmania, a locality in North-west Tasmania

Canada

 * New Brunswick
 * Black River, New Brunswick (disambiguation), several places
 * Black River Bridge, New Brunswick
 * Black River, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Black River, Nova Scotia (disambiguation), listing three communities of that name
 * Ontario
 * Black River, Ontario, a community in Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties
 * Black River-Matheson, a municipality and township in Cochrane District

United States

 * Black River, Michigan, an unincorporated community in Alcona Township
 * Black River, New York, a village in Jefferson County
 * Black River, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in Douglas County
 * Black River Falls, Wisconsin, a city in Jackson County
 * Black River Township, Pennington County, Minnesota

Films

 * Black River (1957 film), a Japanese film by Masaki Kobayashi
 * Black River (1993 film), an Australian film by Kevin Lucas
 * Black River (2001 film), a US adventure film

Music

 * Black River (band), a Polish stoner rock/heavy metal band
 * Black River (album), the debut album of the band
 * Black River Entertainment, an American country-music record label
 * Black Rivers, an English rock band
 * Black River, a 2008 song by Bomb the Bass featuring Mark Lanegan
 * "The Black River", a song by the Sword from the album Gods of the Earth

Others

 * Black River (stage), the name of a stage in North American stratigraphy
 * Black River Public School (Holland, Michigan), a charter school

title: Black River


text:
Ernst von Salomon

Ernst von Salomon (25 September 1902 – 9 August 1972) was a German novelist and screenwriter. He was a Weimar-era national-revolutionary activist and right-wing Freikorps member.

Family and education
He was born in Kiel, in the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein, the son of a criminal investigation officer. Salomon attended the Musterschule gymnasium in Frankfurt.

Military service
From 1913 Salomon was raised as a cadet in Karlsruhe and in Lichterfelde near Berlin; during the German Revolution of 1918–19, he joined the paramilitary Freikorps ("Free-Corps") unit under Georg Ludwig Rudolf Maercker suppressing the Spartacist Uprising. Later in 1919, he fought in the Baltic against the Bolsheviks and the Estonian and Latvian armies. With his unit he took part in the Kapp-Putsch in March 1920. He also fought against Polish insurgents in what the Poles call the Silesian Uprisings of 1921.

Political activity before and during WW2
After the Freikorps units had been officially dissolved in 1920, Salomon joined the Organisation Consul and received a five-year prison sentence in 1922 for his part in the assassination of Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau – he provided a car for the assassins. In 1927, he received another prison sentence for an attempted Feme murder (paramilitary "self-justice"), and was pardoned by Reich President Paul von Hindenburg after a few months – he had not killed the severely wounded victim, Wagner, when he pleaded for his life, which was noted by the court.

After his release from prison, Salomon committed himself to the support of Feme murder convicts and began to publish feuilleton articles in the national conservative Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper, which earned him the attention of Conservative Revolutionary and National Bolshevist circles around Friedrich Hielscher and Arnolt Bronnen.

In 1929, he backed his elder brother Bruno in his struggle for the Schleswig-Holstein Rural People's Movement by simulating a bomb attack on the Reichstag building in Berlin. He had to spend three months in investigative custody, during which time he finished writing his first novel The Outlaws (Die Geächteten), published by Ernst Rowohlt.

Unlike many other German writers and poets, he did not sign the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft proclamation of loyalty to Adolf Hitler. He had been arrested after the Nazi Machtergreifung, together with Hans Fallada, but was released after a few days. Suspiciously eyed by the authorities, who suspected him to be an adherent of Otto Strasser's "Third Position", he earned his living by writing film scripts for the German film company UFA. Salomon wrote the screenplay for the 1941 anti-British propaganda film Carl Peters. From October 1944 to May 1945, he was deployed in the local Volkssturm. Salomon supported Ernst Rowohlt after he had received a publishing ban for employing Jewish personnel and temporarily corresponded with conservative resistance circles around Arvid Harnack and Harro Schulze-Boysen. His lover, Ille Gotthelft, was Jewish but he was able to protect her from persecution by passing her off as his spouse.

In June 1945, Salomon was interned by American military occupation authorities due to his active opposition to democracy during the Weimar era and his proximity to Nazi ideology. Gotthelft was also interned. In his autobiographical The Answers, Salomon described how he and his lover were seriously mistreated by American soldiers when he was in custody, being called "Nazi pig!" and "despicable creatures". Salomon was imprisoned by the Americans until September 1946.

In 1951, Salomon published the book The Questionnaire (Der Fragebogen), in which he gave his ironic and sarcastic "Answers" to the 131 point questionnaire concerning people's activities between 1933-1945 which the Western Allied Military Governments in Germany issued by the tens of thousands at the end of the war. A famous public discussion of the book took place in the main train station of Cologne, organised by bookseller Gerhard Ludwig. Although Liberals and the Left condemned it violently, the book was a sensation in Germany and between its publication in 1951 and 1954 by which time it had sold over 250,000 copies.

Death
Ernst von Salomon died of heart failure at his home near Hamburg on 9 August 1972. He was 69 years of age.

Selected filmography

 * Men Without a Fatherland (1937)
 * Carl Peters (1941)
 * The Endless Road (1943)
 * Law of Love (1949)

title: Ernst von Salomon


text:
Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Map workshop/Archive 01

This page is an archive of unfilled maps requests dating from before the Map workshop went active. Please make new requests directly to the Map workshop. Requests listed here do still need maps and may and should be brought forward to the Map workshop to be worked on. Once a request has been completed please delete it from this page.

For more map requests, see Category:Wikipedia requested maps.

For India-related map requests see WikiProject Indian maps

Individual articles

 * Seattle. Image:Seattle_map.png is a fine base, but the creator hasn't been seen on Wikipedia since late 2004 and never finished it. Could really use someone with local expertise to update and add many more points of interest or simply recreate, adding some major arterials and freeways in the process? In the meantime, Seattle lacks a good map, which is a shame. Thanks! --Lukobe 07:02, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * New York Legislature- map of current Senate and Assembly districts with district numbers and if possible with partisan control
 * Portes du Soleil
 * Abitibi County, Quebec
 * Bondi Beach
 * Tiananmen Square's location in Beijing China. Additionally Cao Rulin's house in relation to Tiananmen Square and the May 4th Movement. Waarmstr 18:45, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * A map of the world in 1837. - for what article?  there is a public domain one here from 1840, but I don't know if that's what you're looking for.Kmusser 14:03, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Let me clarify. I'm doing a blank world map showing the borders at the start of Queen Victoria's reign. Her reign began in 1837. Something like this would be great.

 * National Auto Trail
 * Circumferential Highway (Nashua) Needs a map showing: Currently completed route and proposed routing(s). Information for the proposed routing can be found in the references section of said article. --Jayron32 05:37, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Via Valeria - the article gives specific geographical information, which isn't really comprehensible without a historical map. --Wetman 19:35, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Spanish Texas - I'd like to base a map on this map, showing the boundaries of Spanish Texas. Karanacs (talk) 17:03, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Tax haven
 * Indiana Territory showing the changes in boundaries more clearly the transfer that occurred in 1803 and to a lesser degree that of 1816. Image:Indianaterr.PNG somewhat oversimplifies the eastern boundary transfer in 1803 -- in addition to the gore that was transferred from Ohio to Indiana, a relatively narrow strip north of Fort Recovery was transferred from Indiana to Ohio. older ≠ wiser 14:47, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Iloilo International Airport airport layout map. I found the following sources as to how this map can be based: pages 6-8 of the ILO aerodome chart and the pictures in this directory (the pictures concerned begin with the word "Airport"). --Sky Harbor (talk) 04:26, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Calvinism in Europe. P.S. Can I make a map by myself? What's the system? Thanks...Amiens984 (talk) 22:00, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Cities of the ancient Near East which is a list of sites in Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Egypt etc with geo coordinates. Is there anyway to, say, autoplot the coordinates of a section onto a background? The section most ready for a map is Cities_of_the_Ancient_Near_East. Technically this may be a "map improvement" as there is a current almost impossible to read map.Ploversegg (talk) 23:48, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Improvement requests

 * List of Philadelphia neighborhoods could use more specific maps showing approximate neighborhood locations w/in sections. See Neighborhoods of Chicago for example. Passdoubt 21:18, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Black Death, a map of the spread of the plague (using arrows or colors) would be great, and they seem to be common in all of the books I have read.--Dmcdevit 20:43, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I think Image:Bubonic plague map.PNG covers this nicely. ¦ Reisio 01:51, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That map is already included in the article. I believe the requestor was looking for a map similar to this one showing global spread. --NormanEinstein 13:29, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Muslim History: Image:Ayyubid.png could badly use some attention. Someone ambitious could do it for all of commons:Category:Maps_of_the_Caliphate. commons:Category:Maps of the history of the Middle East has some good examples.

Re-creation requests
Note: the following offline images are not available under the GFDL. It is requested that they be re-created and uploaded. These requests were moved from Image recreation requests. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:14, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * - 14 maps of France during the Hundred Years' War. Neutralitytalk 23:01, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - The Hundred Years War in 1328.
 * - The unification of France. Neutralitytalk 23:22, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - The travels of Ferdinand and Isabella. Neutralitytalk 23:24, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - The Italian Wars with battle sites. Neutralitytalk 23:24, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - Religion in Europe, 1555. Neutralitytalk 23:26, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - Expansion of Sweden. Neutralitytalk 23:26, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * - Expansion of Russia to the west in eastern Europe. Neutralitytalk 23:26, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * A worldmap, where the countries is sized by amount of people, not geographical size. moralist  12:49, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Batch requests
The following are lists of articles which could use maps created in a systematic fashion.

Countries

 * I've checked through the list of countries to see that all country articles have 1.) a locator map that shows the position of the country in the world, appearing in the country's infobox at the top of the article, on the right, and 2.) some sort of general orientation map showing major cities, major landforms, boundaries with neighboring countries, etc. These may also show internal political divisions (e.g. provinces) major transportation features, such as roads, rail lines, canals, rivers, and airports, if scale allows. The maps in the CIA World Factbook (barely) satisfy the second requirement, and are public domain, so these could easily be deployed to fill in many gaps. Country maps may also be hidden on that country's subarticles, or elsewhere on the project. These articles are important because the Version 1.0 Editorial Team is creating offline versions of the encyclopedia based on them. User:Blofeld of SPECTRE has recwently created many of the missing ones at User:Blofeld of SPECTRE/Missing locator maps.-- Beland 22:17, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Transnistria - Locator map shows position in Moldovia, due to disputed status.
 * San Marino - Could use a map showing its relationship to Italian cities.
 * Seychelles - Needs general map.
 * Singapore - Needs general map, especially showing names of nearby countries.
 * Spain - Needs general map.
 * Turkey - Needs general map.
 * United Kingdom - It would be nice to replace the CIA general map with a better one that showed the boundaries of the Home Nations.
 * United States - General map does not show the names of major cities, nor names of neighboring countries. Also, the location of Hawaii in the world is not clear, and important territories like Puerto Rico are missing.
 * Vatican City - Could use a map detailing its location in Rome and Italy.
 * Wallis and Futuna - Needs general map.

Unrecognized countries

 * It would be useful to check to see what entities on the list of unrecognized countries and related articles don't yet have maps. -- Beland 19:55, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Country subdivision maps
The list of country subdivisions is missing maps (and indeed, missing articles) for many countries. -- Beland 19:55, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

United States Municipalities
Coordinated on User:Seth Ilys/Dot Project.

Canada

 * Past Canadian electoral districts (including historical provincial, territorial and colonial-era) (Example: Coast Chilcotin) Skookum1 07:54, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
 * WikiProject British Columbia is looking for many maps that are listed here. KenWalker | Talk 21:52, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Wars
(Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Military_history/Requests)
 * General maps
 * Resources and industrial capacities in WWI and WWII
 * It would be great if someone took on the task to create a map of where different FARC fronts are active. The fronts and their locations where they are active can be found under FARC-EP Chain of Command by looking at each individual bloc.
 * Wars where territory changed hands, e.g.:
 * Battle of Muret
 * Indian Wars (currently only external images)
 * Merge: Image:Huns empire.png and Image:Invasions of the Roman Empire 1.png to replace of Image:450 roman-hunnic-empire 1764x1116.jpg
 * Replace Image:Rome carthage 218.jpg with a new map showing the independence of Syphax and Hannibals conquest north of the Ebro in Second Punic War
 * Map for the course of the Second Punic War take this as an example but show also Roman/Carthaginian allies in Northern Italy, and along the coast + loss of Carthaginian possessions north of the Ebro
 * Battles of tactical significance - tactical maps would be great.
 * Battle of Ichi-no-Tani
 * Battle of Dan-no-ura
 * Battles of Kawanakajima (fourth battle)
 * Battle of Nagashino
 * Roman-Spartan War (showing the movment of troops)
 * And Treaties and Peaces:
 * Treaty of Corbeil (1258)

Reservations
Almost none of the articles on Native American reservation have maps. See Category:American Indian reservations.

Explorers
None of the Age of Discovery explorers have maps! Not even Christopher Columbus! It would be incredibly useful for someone to to make maps of where they went, and perhaps maps of the world with all explorers from a certain time period. However, this is truly a batch request because they all need to be consistant. Don't do only one.

Category: Explorers should give you a place to start. If anyone has a concern, I'm HereToHelp (talk) 13:20, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

de:Wikipedia:Kartenwerkstatt/Kartenwünsche fr:Wikipédia:Atelier graphique/Cartes


text:
Baron Mancroft

Baron Mancroft, of Mancroft in the City of Norwich, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1937 for the Conservative politician Sir Arthur Samuel, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Mancroft in the City of Norwich in the County of Norfolk, in 1932. His son, the second Baron, was also a Conservative politician. In 1925 he assumed by deed poll the surname of Mancroft. the titles are held by the latter's only son, the third Baron, who succeeded in 1987. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act of 1999. Lord Mancroft sits on the Conservative benches.

Barons Mancroft (1937)

 * Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft (1872–1942)
 * Stormont Mancroft Samuel Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft (1914–1987)
 * Benjamin Lloyd Stormont Mancroft, 3rd Baron Mancroft (b. 1957)

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son Hon. Arthur Louis Stormont Mancroft (b. 1995)

title: Baron Mancroft


text:
Bixa orellana

Bixa orellana, also known as achiote, is a shrub or small tree native to Central America. Bixa orellana is grown in many countries worldwide.

The plant is best known as the source of annatto, a natural orange-red condiment (also called achiote or bijol) obtained from the waxy arils that cover its seeds. The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in Central and South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, such as cochinita pibil, chicken in achiote, caldo de olla, and nacatamal. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial food coloring to add yellow or orange color to many products such as butter, cheese, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments. Some of the indigenous peoples of North, Central, and South American originally used the seeds to make red body paint and lipstick, as well as a spice. For this reason, the Bixa orellana is sometimes called the lipstick tree.

Etymology and common names
The name Bixa orellana was given by Linnaeus. The botanical genus name derives from the aboriginal Taíno word "bixa", while the specific epithet was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer Francisco de Orellana, an early explorer of the Amazon River. The name achiote derives from the Nahuatl word for the shrub, āchiotl. It may also be referred to as aploppas, or by its original Tupi name uruku, urucu or urucum ("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds. Colloquial names include bija, roucou, orellana, annatto, achiote, and many other names used regionally. The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a cosmetic.

Description
Bixa orellana is a perennial, tall shrub to small evergreen tree that can reach 20-33 ft high. It bears clusters of 2 in bright white or pink flowers, resembling single wild roses, that appear at the tips of the branches. The fruits of the Bixa orellana are globular, ovoid capsules arranged in clusters resembling spiky looking red-brown seed pods covered in soft spines. Each capsule, or pod, contains 30–45 cone-shaped seeds covered in a thin waxy blood-red aril. When fully mature, the pod dries, hardens, and splits open, thereby exposing the seeds.

The plant is most well known as the source of the red-orange annatto pigment. The pigment is derived from the pericarp (the waxy aril layer that covers the seeds) of the Bixa orellana fruit. The red-orange annatto dye is rich in the carotenoid pigments, 80% which consists of bixin (the red pigment) and norbixin or orelline (the yellow pigment). Annatto oil contains tocotrienols, beta-carotene, essential oils, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and vitamin C.

Distribution
Although the exact origin of Bixa orellana is unknown, it is native to northern South America and the Central American tropics: "it is said to be indigenous by Seemann on the northwest coast of Mexico and Panama, by Triana in New Granada, by Meyer in Dutch Guiana, and by Piso and Claussen in Brazil". Additionally, Bixa orellana is found in substantial wild and cultivated acreages from Mexico to Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia. Although an invasive species, it is cultivated in many world regions.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the annatto dye was distributed to Southeast Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Hawaii and southeastern North America in tropical and subtropical regions through trading exchanges. It became cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, and Java mainly for the dye which the seeds yield.

Cultivation
Bixa orellana grows easily in subtropical to tropical climates, in frost-free regions sheltered from cool winds. It prefers year-round moisture, good drainage, and moderately fertile soil in full sun or partial shade. It can be propagated from seed and cuttings. Cutting-grown plants flower at a younger age than seedlings.

The main commercial producers of B. orellana are countries in Latin America (specifically Peru, Brazil and Mexico), which constitute 60% of total world production followed by Africa (27% of total world production) and Asia (12% of total world production). Production statistics are not usually available and would not provide a reliable guide to international trade, since many of the producing countries use significant quantities domestically (e.g., Brazil is a large producer and consumer, needing additional imports). Annual world production of dried annatto seed at the beginning of the 21st century was estimated at 10,000 tons, of which 7,000 tons enter international trade. Peru is the largest exporter of annatto seed, annually about 4,000 tons; Brazil the largest producer, with about 5,000 tons. Kenya exports annually about 1,500 tons annatto seed and extracts and is the second-largest exporter, after Peru. Côte d'Ivoire and Angola are also exporters.

Industrial uses
Before synthetic dyes revolutionized industry, Bixa orellana (which is the only plant to produce the pigment bixin) was planted commercially. The pigment is extracted from the pericarp of the seeds through use of alkaline water, vegetable oil, or organic solvents.

The annatto pigment has global economic significance, as it is one of the most widely used natural dyes to color food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. It is used commonly in foods because the coloring does not alter the flavor and is not toxic. It is mainly used to dye ice cream, meats, dairy products (cheeses, butter and margarine) and condiments. Cosmetic products include lipstick, hair coloring products, nail polish, soaps, lacquers and paints.

Culinary uses
Ground Bixa orellana seeds are often mixed with other seeds or spices to form a paste or powder for culinary uses in Latin American, Jamaican, Chamorro, and Filipino cuisines. The seeds are heated in oil or lard to extract their dye and flavor for use in dishes and processed foods such as cheese, butter, soup, gravy, sauces, cured meats, and other items. The seeds impart a subtle flavor and aroma and a yellow to reddish-orange color to food.

A condiment called sazón is commonly used in Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean cuisine for meats and fish. The Spanish word sazón means "season" or "seasoning". Sazón is made with ground Bixa orellana seeds and packaged into small, disposable foil packets for easy use. Additionally, cumin, coriander seeds, salt, and garlic powder are included in these sazón condiment packets. On Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the annatto pigment is also used to make yellow rice and is sometimes added to sofrito. Additionally, in the French Caribbean, it is added to a fish or pork stew called blaff.

In Brazil, a powder known as colorau or colorífico is made from the ground seeds combined with filler seeds like maize. This powder is similar to and sometimes replaces paprika. In Nicaragua, the most common way achiote is used in their cuisine and dishes is in the form of a paste. It is used in many national dishes, such as chancho con yuca, nacatamal, and fritanga. The Yucatecan condiment called recado rojo, or "achiote paste", is made from ground Bixa orellana seeds combined with other spices and is a mainstay in Mexican and Belizean cuisines.

Traditional uses
One major traditional use of the Bixa orellana plant was for body, face, and hair paint among various tribes and ancient civilizations either for decorative purposes or as omens to ward off evil spirits and illnesses. It has been reported to be used by Brazilian native tribes, the native Taínos in Puerto Rico, the Tsáchila of Ecuador and different Amazonian tribes. As a result of the Spanish Conquest, the Bixa orellana was introduced to peoples like the Aztecs, Incas and Mochicas, who showed evidence of later use. The Aztecs also apparently used the annatto pigment as red ink for manuscript painting in the 16th century.

Bixa orellana is used in traditional medicine. The tree has been used in Ayurveda, the folk medicine practices of India, where different parts of the plant are thought to be useful as therapy.

The plant is valued for its stem fiber to make rope mats and for the adhesive gum.

title: Bixa orellana


text:
Baron Manton

Baron Manton, of Compton Verney in the County of Warwick, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 25 January 1922 in recognition of war services for the Leeds industrialist Joseph Watson. the title is held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2003.

The family seat is Houghton Hall, near Market Weighton, Yorkshire.

Barons Manton (1922)

 * Joseph Watson, 1st Baron Manton (1873–1922)
 * (George) Miles Watson, 2nd Baron Manton (1899–1968)
 * (Joseph) Rupert Eric Robert Watson, 3rd Baron Manton (1924–2003)
 * Miles Ronald Marcus Watson, 4th Baron Manton (b. 1958)

The heir apparent is the present holder's elder son Hon. Thomas Nigel Charles David Watson (b. 1985)

title: Baron Manton


text:
Baron Maclay

Baron Maclay, of Glasgow in the County of Lanark, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1922 for the Scottish businessman Sir Joseph Maclay, 1st Baronet. He was Chairman of Maclay & Macintyre, shipowners, of Glasgow, and also served as Minister of Shipping in the war-time coalition of David Lloyd George, without being in Parliament. Maclay had already been created a Baronet, of Park Terrace in the City of Glasgow in the County of Lanark, in 1914. His eldest surviving son, the second Baron, represented Paisley in the House of Commons as a Liberal. the titles are held by the latter's eldest son, the third Baron, who succeeded in 1969.

Another member of the Maclay family was the politician John Maclay, 1st Viscount Muirshiel. He was the fifth son of the first Baron Maclay.

In 1913, the first Lord Maclay purchased Duchal House in Kilmacolm, Inverclyde which remains the family home to this day. The former Lords Maclay are buried alongside the Viscount Muirshiel in the graveyard of Mount Zion Church in Quarrier's Village.

Barons Maclay (1922)

 * Joseph Paton Maclay, 1st Baron Maclay (1857–1951)
 * Joseph Paton Maclay, 2nd Baron Maclay (1899–1969)
 * Joseph Paton Maclay, 3rd Baron Maclay (born 1942)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Joseph Paton Maclay (born 1977).

title: Baron Maclay


text:
Baron May

Baron May, of Weybridge in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 June 1935 for the financial expert Sir George May, 1st Baronet. He was for many years secretary of the Prudential Assurance Company. May had already been created a Baronet, of the Eyot, in the Parish of Weybridge in the County of Surrey on 27 January 1931, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Since 2006, the titles are held by his great-grandson.

May Baronets (1931)

 * Sir George Ernest May, 1st Baronet (1871–1946), created Baron May in 1935

Barons May (1935)

 * George Ernest May, 1st Baron May, 1st Baronet (1871–1946)
 * John Lawrence May, 2nd Baron May, 2nd Baronet (1904–1950)
 * Michael St John May, 3rd Baron May, 3rd Baronet (1931–2006)
 * Jasper Bertram St John May, 4th Baron May, 4th Baronet (b. 1965)

There is no heir to the barony.

title: Baron May


text:
Baron McGowan

Baron McGowan, of Ardeer in the County of Ayr Scotland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The current title holder is Harry John Charles McGowan, 4th Baron McGowan.

Baron McGowan, of Ardeer
The title was created in 1937 for Sir Harry McGowan, Chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries. the title is held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2003.

The family seat is Highway House, Lower Froyle, Hampshire.

Ancestry
The McGowan family is related to the Earls of Cottenham and the renowned Diarist, MP and Naval administrator Samuel Pepys through the current Baron's mother Lady Gillian Angela Pepys, daughter of John Digby Thomas Pepys, 7th Earl of Cottenham. The family is also descended from the House of Neville through Lady Angela Isabel Nevill, grandmother of the 4th Baron. This connection names Kings Edward III, Edward IV and Richard III among the family's ancestors.

The current title holder, Harry John Charles McGowan's immediate family include his sisters, Hon. Emma Louisa Angela McGowan and Hon. Annabel Kate Cory McGowan, and his daughters, Hon. Sophie Isabella Fox McGowan and Hon. Martha Davina Fox McGowan.

Barons McGowan (1937)

 * Harry Duncan McGowan, 1st Baron McGowan (1874–1961)
 * Harry Wilson McGowan, 2nd Baron McGowan (1906–1966)
 * Harry Duncan Cory McGowan, 3rd Baron McGowan (1938–2003)
 * Harry John Charles McGowan, 4th Baron McGowan (b. 1971)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's uncle Hon. Dominic James Wilson McGowan (b. 1951).

Line of Succession

 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Harry Duncan McGowan, 1st Baron McGowan (1874–1961)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Harry Wilson McGowan, 2nd Baron McGowan (1906–1986)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Harry Duncan McGowan, 3rd Baron McGowan (1938–2003)
 * Coronet of a British Baron.svg Harry John Charles McGowan, 4th Baron McGowan (b. 1971)
 * (1) Hon. Dominic James Wilson McGowan (b. 1951)
 * (2) Hon. Mungo Alexander Cansh McGowan (b. 1956)
 * (3) James Alexander Cory McGowan (b. 1985)

Ancestry & family tree
(Please click "show" to Expand the box below)

title: Baron McGowan


text:
Talk:Tok Pisin

Manki

 * Just edited vocab word manki. It is not derived from English "monkey" as is commonly believed. As the German influence has faded it is often forgotten that many Tok Pisin words had their origin in the German colonial era in New Britain and northern New Guinea. Manki derived from the rather paternalistic put-down German word, männchen (little man) - and until the 1980s was the common Tok Pisin word for a child. A male domestic worker assigned to mind the boss' kids was called manki-masta - the boss of the kids. Due to the distance from the German era, and the dying out of the older generation, most PNG people today believe it derived from English "monkey", and naturally tend to object to its use. In the 1980s, there was a governmental initiative to try and eradicate the use of manki, manki-masta and meri, all perceived as derogatory. In the case of manki they have largely succeeded - it has been largely replaced by pikinini (curiously, derived from the Portuguese "pequenino" - meaning the same thing!) - though manki is still widespread as an equivalent to "kids". Manki-masta was supposed to be replaced by domestik - which never caught on. It is usually replaced by haus man or haus meri. In the case of meri the failure to change it to woman was abysmal - it is too deeply entrenched, and meri is heard everywhere still. Colin Richardson

 * Can we get a citation for this? Männchen is pronounced, which I would expect to be adapted to Tok Pisin phonology as something like mensen, not manki. --Ptcamn 12:21, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Not necessarily. Historical texts show that the "ch" sound in German was borrowed into the language as "k" One example of this is the early Tok Boi "kirke" from the German "kirche".

 * Sorry - can't give a citation. It was something I learned in years in PNG, both as a kid 45 yrs ago, and as an adult. The modern German pronunciation you cite is not necessarily final - German has many dialects and regional pronunciations. The Flemish word "mannekin", and the French "mannequin" have a common origin with "männchen", as I understand it - and pronunciations a lot closer to manki. Changes from English into Tok Pisin can be wildly different from the origin - compare pikbel with "pig belly", or banis with "fence" (via Pacific Pidgin "fenis", Bislama "fanis"). Curious that if the origin were "monkey" - why does the same word not appear in other parts of the world where English had influence? The term manki appears only in ex-German New Guinea - not in Solomons, not in former British West Africa, not in Vanuatu, not in Aboriginal pidgins - all of whom use variations on "piccaninny". Significant, I think. Cheers, Colin

 * Of course manki (meaning a small boy) comes from "monkey"!! The idea that somehow it shouldn't be is based on a sort of "anti-racist cringe" - or perhaps from confusion with the once common, and genuinely racist/offensive, "PNG English" usage - still heard from expatriate Australians well into the nineteen seventies - of "Rock Ape", meaning a PNG national, especially a particularly thick headed one. The idea of it being derived from any known German word is extremely far-fetched - the words cited do not resemble each other very closely, as remarked above. Any Australian (remember Australian English is the main source of Pidgin vocabulary) who was a small boy in the nineteen fifties or earlier would probably remember the tendency of adults (including his own parents) to call him a "little monkey" - and perhaps even warning him on visiting the zoo to keep out of the way of the keepers lest he get put in the monkey cage by mistake. Correct derivation of "Manki" is something like "Small boy - from jocular/affectionate Australian English slang monkey = small boy. I think this only started to be called into question at all when the custom of calling boys monkeys in Australian English had become less fashionable. Incidentally, this makes it clear (I hope) why the word never got a hold in places where non-Australian forms of English formed the basis of creoles. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 04:58, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * There are several problems with this theory too. Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying that your arguments are "wrong" but they are certainly debatable.

 * i) The term "monkey" to refer to a child is common in British English even to this day. It's not used exclusively to refer to male children, it isn't and never has been specific to any period of time and has never been a feature limited to Australian English. Therefore using this as explanation of it's use in a given time, place or gender relevent to Australian English not completely sound.

 * ii) Texts from the early 20th century show the use of two different words. "Manki" to refer to a boy or unmarried man, and "monki" to actually refer to a monkey. Whereas there are many hundreds of examples of Tok Pisin applying multiple definitions to a single English derived word, there is not one instance (that I'm aware of) of Tok Pisin taking a single english word and then separating it into two different words with different meanings and pronunciations (excepting of course "doubling-up" such as "lukim" / "luklukim"). In short, if both these words and meanings were derived from a single English word, this would be a freak occurance. It may simply be that differences are down to regional pronunciation or that the transcribers were subconciously influenced by English spelling, but we simply can't be sure beyond doubt.

 * iii) Historical texts show that the "ch" sound in German was borrowed into the language as "k" One example of this is the early Tok Boi "kirke" from the German "kirche". Ruling out the proposed German origin on the grounds expected phonological transformation, would seem to be premature. Now, the question of the missing "n" remains, but there are valid explanations for that too.

 * iv) Why is an extended derivation of "monkey (monkey) > boy (manki) > unmarried man (manki)" easier to believe than one of "young man (mannchen) > unmarried man (manki)" once the phonological issues are removed?

 * In short, the origin of the word is a matter of reasonable dispute, and one which goes back to references in the 1930s at least. Your theory about modern political correctness "might" be true and is certainly ineresting, but without an academic citation it should not be included. What is also plausible is that this is a case of multiple words giving birth to singular term in a creole, of which there are several examples. e.g. antap - on top (English = on top) + atap - roof (Tolai = roof) or sanga = forked branch, tongs (English = shanghai for catapult, German = Zange for pliers, Malay = tjang for branch) It may well be that the word came from multiple sources and was adopted variously in terms of time and place, with different origins and conotations, then ultimately both words "merged" due to similarity in meaning and sound. Neither origin seems to be completely satisfactory on its own. That's just my theory though.

 * The matter would seem to be a matter of valid academic discussion and far from settled, so I have edited the entry accordingly to remove bias and uncited claims and simply say that the origin is disputed, quoting both suggestions.Bearinasidecar (talk) 17:08, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I have further edited this to preserve the mention of the possible "German derivation" while reducing "waffle" and labouring the "dispute" bit a little less. Your point that other English speakers also call small boys monkeys taken (I'd only heard it here). Derivations of words, even in languages with extended literary traditions, are of course often unclear and ambiguous. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 23:22, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough :)Bearinasidecar (talk) 11:14, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

(Sorry for the "original research" but I think we all know there are not too many official sources on Tok Pisin.) When I lived in Lae and learned Tok Pisin from people there, they said "Mangi" for boy. The lady who taught me most was from Sepik, but I learned from a wide bunch from Tari, Goroko and all over the place. They all said "Mangi". Of course they all spoke Pisin as a 2nd language and I'm Scottish, so also not mother tounge. 206.248.129.83 (talk) 22:25, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Just quietly we are all in "original research" mode here for the same reason you are! But there is of course no doubt at all that "Manki" in pidgin is the usual term for a boy, unless there has been, at least in some circles, a kind of cringe away from it. The dispute is over the idea that it might NOT be derived from the English word "Monkey". Well, I suppose that is just possible - frankly the (very) obvious derivation seems to me to be, well, very obvious - and I honestly can't think what the need to bring in German words is, especially when the sound (as opposed to the spelling) is actually quite distinct. Won't repeat my old comments, which remain very aposite. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 23:12, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

The word "Mangi" means "young man or boy" and is made up of "man" ,meaning man, and the suffix "gi" meaning young from the variations and attemps of language exchange within the country (Papua New Guinea). The pronounciation of "Mangi" to "Manki" arises as a result of phonetic variations from different language groups that pronounce "g" as "k" or "p" as "f" for eg: the word "pig" is pronounce by some other language groups as "fik". It is also worth pointing out that Tok pisin has its own variations within Papua New Guinea where different language groups adapt some words in their language into it and not all words in Tok pisin are derived from english. With that been said, Papua New Guinea is the land of many languages and if a word is adapted from any of the local languages it is only a matter of time before it becomes popular. And, without proper doucumentation of the origins of the words, most english speakers tend to think that it should all be derived from english or some wetsern culture. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PNG Scientist (talk • contribs) 10:22, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

save the pidgin
I first encountered this language in the 1980s upon reading James Blish's novel The Night Shapes (1962), set in early-1900s Africa. As example, the narrator, to say, "I wish to speak to the man in charge" said "mi spik bigfella," which at the time deeply impressed me with its concision. After that, I was fascinated with "trade pidgin," and it was only after the Wkkipedia arose that I found the "tok pisin" concept.

What dismays me in this article is the apparent tone-deafness of the various editors. Look to the lede grafs: the point is largely missed that "tok pisin" is a VERY simple transliteration of the term "talk business" — "business speak" or rather "trade speech."

Almost all verbiage derives from colloquial English, when heard rather than read. For instance, "I would like toothpastae" is "Mi laikim sop bilong tit" — "Me like'm soap belong teeth," that is to say "I would like (to have) (the) soap for (my) teeth." Conversely, "I don't speak pidgin well" = "Mi no save gut long tok pisin" ("long" = "along," so you have "me no savvy (understand) good along with trade-speak").

Though the article makes the case that it's a primary language of Papua New Guinea and used by "[p]erhaps one million people," the language has been deprecated by the Wikipedia community and hundreds of articles blanked, yet we somehow still have Esperanto, an entirely artificial language. Please don't get me wrong: I have studied Esperanto since 1974, but tok pisin is an ACTIVE language used on a daily basis, something Esperanto cannot claim. Weeb Dingle (talk) 05:10, 16 March 2019 (UTC)

Development of Tok Pisin
the "Development of Tok Pisin" section is a bit weak, and a lot of the references are not in wikipedia format. I don't know if this means it's an inexperienced editor or copy pasted plagiarism? i'm currently watching this youtube: Langfocus, and it has some interesting history, i know youtube isn't the most highbrow source, but it's a start. Irtapil (talk) 17:06, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

Pronunciation of "Tok Pisin" in Tok Pisin
I just removed the pronunciation [ˌtok piˈsin] from the article because it was not supported by a complete citation to any source, and I am not sure whether the stress on the final syllable is correct. Smith says that per Wurm (1985), "stress is normally on the first syllable" and "stress patterns more closely resembl[e] those of English among speakers more familiar with English" (page 201). So stress on the second syllable of [piˈsin] would be surprising as it doesn't match either the normal rule for Tok Pisin or the stress pattern of the English source word pidgin. Thus, I don't think we should present this stress pattern unless it can be verified.I haven't seen the stress of this word given in any articles or dictionaries I have looked at so far. I am curious if anyone has ideas for how to better confirm the correct local pronunciation. @Womtelo, I think you may have been the first to add this pronunciation to the article with this edit here; can you clarify whether that was based on personal experience with the language, or on some source that you remember? Urszag (talk) 05:42, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I looked a little further and found the following observations about accent in John W. M. Verhaar's "Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics" (1995): "Tok Pisin compounds have the accent on the NI component" as a general rule, but may have "even stress" (page 296); Verhaar categorizes "tok pisin" as a compound of the form "Extensive Core + NI" (pages 284, 287). This confirms at least that the primary stress is expected to fall on one of the two syllables of Pisin. I tried to find videos on Youtube containing the name of the language, but didn't always find it easy to tell which of the two vowels in [pisin] should be transcribed with greater stress: I'm not sure whether as an English speaker, I might mishear the use of an unreduced vowel in the second syllable as involving an actually nonexistent stress. That's why I think we need a reliable source to tell us what the right analysis is. I'm wondering though whether [tokpisin], with stress marks omitted, could be an acceptable transcription to use if we can't find a source that gives stress information.--Urszag (talk) 06:28, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
 * hi, I have heard from native speakers of the language. However, there is apparently variation about which syllable is stressed;  and stress is non-contrastive anyway. So I like your idea of restoring the segmental transcription, but without stress. My main reason for adding the pronunciation (back in 2009!) was mainly to make it clear that the English pronunciation did not reflect the actual autonym.  I'll go ahead and restore the pronunciation tip, as per your suggested solution. Best -- Womtelo (talk) 12:19, 6 April 2024 (UTC).

Missing sources
The sources for "Hymes 1971b", "Mühlhäusler 1984", "Mühlhäusler 1991", and "Romaine 1991" are missing. They either need to be provided, or any statements sourced to them removed as uncited. DuncanHill (talk) 19:04, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tok Pisin


text:
Short-handed

Short-handed is a term used in ice hockey and several related sports, including water polo, and refers to having fewer players on the ice during play, as a result of a penalty. The player removed from play serves the penalty in the penalty box for a set amount of time proportional to the severity of the infraction. If a goaltender commits a minor infraction, another player who was on the ice at the time of the penalty serves, often but not necessarily the team captain.

The penalized team is said to be on the penalty kill, abbreviated as "PK" for recording purposes, while their players are in the penalty box. The opposing team is usually referred to as having an "advantage" until the penalized player returns to play. This situation is often called a power play for the opposing team. The advantage largely comes from having an additional player, making it impossible for the short-handed team to defend every player one-on-one and, in the event the short-handed team is making an offensive run, the team on the power play can double-team one of the short-handed team's players while still covering everyone else.

The short-handed team has one advantage during a power play: it is free to ice the puck without the play being stopped and thus can change lines at roughly the same intervals as during five-on-five play. This advantage can also be exploited by skaters with enough speed and offensive skill: without the threat of icing, breakaways can be more safely attempted, which opens the opportunity for short-handed goals. However, two governing bodies have enforced icing on power plays, thus putting the short-handed team at an even stronger disadvantage:
 * The World Hockey Association did so during the 1970s.
 * USA Hockey has done so in all sanctioned youth competitions (players 14 and under, in all age groups) since 2017–18.

The team on the power play often only has one defenseman at the rear rather than the typical two, in favor of adding another attacker. Rarely, teams have pulled their goalie for the sixth on-ice player (such as in Game 2 of the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals). Players assigned to power play or penalty killing duties are often known as "special teams".

If the team with the power play scores a goal while the other team is short-handed, the penalty is over, except if a goal was scored during a major penalty or a match penalty in regulation time. In the Professional Women's Hockey League in North America, a minor penalty ends if either team scores a goal.

In leagues that reduce the number of players on the ice in overtime, the concept still exists, but is slightly modified to accommodate the reduced team size. For example, overtime during regular-season NHL games uses a 3-on-3 format, with each side having three skaters plus the goaltender. If a player is penalized during overtime, he is sent to the penalty box, but can be replaced by another player. However, the non-penalized team receives an extra skater for the duration of the penalty. If the penalty expires without a goal being scored, the extra skater is removed from the ice and play continues. If regulation time ends with a power play in progress, the advantaged team will start overtime with more than three skaters (almost always four, very rarely five).

5-on-3
A team can have two players in the penalty box, but can only be limited to three players on the ice at any given time. If the other team is at full strength and the penalized team has two players in the penalty box, plus a goalie in net, the situation is called a Five on three. This situation gives the team on the power play an even greater chance of scoring. If the advantaged team on the 5-on-3 scores, the player who took the earlier of the two penalties may return to the ice, and play resumes as a power play with only one player in the penalty box. However, if the first penalty taken was a double-minor penalty, the penalty that expires is the first penalty of the double-minor, and the clock then begins to run down on the second penalty, with the 5-on-3 continuing.

A call for too many men on the ice in a 5-on-3 situation in the last two minutes of regulation or in overtime now results in a penalty shot. This current rule resulted from Coach Roger Neilson's exploitation of rule loopholes during an OHL game when his team was up one goal, but was down two men in a five-on-three situation for the last minute of the game. Realizing that more penalties could not be served under the existing rules, Neilson put too many men on the ice every ten seconds. The referees stopped the play and a face-off was held, relieving pressure on the defense.

In regular-season overtime in the NHL, a 5-on-3 situation is possible if two players on one team are serving penalties at the same time.

Short-handed goals
A short-handed goal is a goal scored in ice hockey when a team's on-ice players are outnumbered by the opposing team's. Normally, a team would be outnumbered because of a penalty incurred. However, the opposing team on the power play often only has one defenseman at the rear rather than the typical two, in favor of adding another attacker. This strategy can often be exploited by the short-handed team, if they do manage to get the puck out into the neutral zone leaving most of the opposing players behind, and the penalty killers may enjoy odd man rushes and breakaways against the single defenseman of the advantaged team. As previously noted, the suspension of icing rules also allows passes to be longer and the puck to be dumped and chased without stopping play. Unlike power play goals, short-handed goals cannot end penalties except if a short-handed goal is scored in overtime, which automatically ends the game.

When one team pulls its goaltender near the end of a game to play with an extra attacker, any goal scored on the empty net is not considered to be short-handed, because there are equal numbers of players on ice for the teams.

Short-handed goals are somewhat infrequent when a team is down one player, and some instances have occurred where two short-handed goals have been scored on the same penalty. Very rarely is a short-handed goal scored by a team that is down two players (the general approach when down two men is for the opposing team to assume the "iron cross:" establish a diamond shape with one forward, two defensemen and the goaltender, remain in the defensive zone, and clear the puck whenever possible, without making any effort to make an offensive play and jeopardize the already weakened defensive position). Former Philadelphia Flyers captain Mike Richards holds the record for most career 3-on-5 goals with three, having attained the last one during the 2008–09 season. The quickest trio of short-handed goals ever scored in a National Hockey League (NHL) game occurred on April 10, 2010, during a game at the TD Garden between the Boston Bruins and Carolina Hurricanes, when the Bruins scored three short-handed goals against Carolina's goaltender Cam Ward in only 1:04 of game time, during a minor hooking penalty to Bruins defenseman Matt Hunwick. The Boston Bruins also made NHL history for those short-handed goals, as it was the first time that a team scored three times on a single penalty kill (Daniel Paille, Blake Wheeler, Steve Bégin). The most short-handed goals ever scored in one NHL game by one team occurred on April 7, 1995, when the Winnipeg Jets scored four, the most since the end of the era of the Original Six teams of the NHL.

title: Short-handed


text:
Baron Methuen

Baron Methuen, of Corsham in the County of Wiltshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1838 for the former Member of Parliament for Wiltshire and Wiltshire North, Paul Methuen. His grandson, the third Baron (who succeeded his father), was a distinguished soldier who became Field marshal. His son, the fourth Baron, was a professional artist and Royal Academician. On his death, the title passed to his younger brother, the fifth Baron. The seventh Baron, who succeeded his elder brother in 1994, was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to the House of Lords after the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sat on the Liberal Democrat benches. , the title is held by his first cousin once removed, the eighth baron, who succeeded to the title in that year.

The first Baron's grandfather, Paul Methuen, was the cousin and heir of the wealthy Sir Paul Methuen, a well-known politician, courtier, diplomat and patron of art and literature, who was the son of John Methuen (c. 1650 – 1706), Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1697 and 1703 and ambassador to Portugal. It was the last-named who in 1703 negotiated the famous Methuen Treaty, which, in return for the admission of English woollens into Portugal, granted differential duty favouring the importation of Portuguese wines into England to the disadvantage of French wines, and thus contributed to the replacement of the drinking of burgundy by that of port.

The family seat is Corsham Court, in Corsham, Wiltshire.

Barons Methuen (1838)

 * Paul Methuen, 1st Baron Methuen (1779–1849)
 * Frederick Henry Paul Methuen, 2nd Baron Methuen (1818–1891)
 * Paul Sanford Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen (1845–1932)
 * Paul Ayshford Methuen, 4th Baron Methuen (1886–1974)
 * Anthony Paul Methuen, 5th Baron Methuen (1891–1975)
 * (Anthony) John Methuen, 6th Baron Methuen (1925–1994)
 * Robert Alexander Holt Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen (1931–2014)
 * James Paul Archibald Methuen-Campbell, 8th Baron Methuen (born 1952).

The heir presumptive is the present holder's half-brother, Thomas Rice Mansel Methuen-Campbell (born 1977).

title: Baron Methuen


text:
Talk:Arithmetic progression

Merging with arithmetic series
According to Mathworld, which has a link in the article, an arithmetic series is the sum of an arithmetic progression or sequence. Charles Matthews has obscured this distinction by redirecting arithmetic series to arithmetic progression. I'm not sure whether the distinction made by Mathworld is commonly recognised by mathematicians, so I'm not going to revert the change. I'll wait for comments. -- Heron 15:12, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The redirect only implies that information on arithmetic series is contained in the arithmetic progression article, not that the two terms are synonymous. The article is quite clear on the latter point (and mathworld is right, of course). -- Arvindn 15:39, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the article has both definitions; I don't see anything obscure about it.

Charles Matthews 15:59, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

How about merging series&progression articles as it's done with the geometric series&progression?

 * I strongly think arithmetic series should be merged back into this article. Fredrik | talk 14:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Fredrik, thanks! Oleg Alexandrov 19:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem :) - Fredrik | talk 19:38, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Mathworld includes several Egyptian math entries. A small number are my own. My view is Mathworld editors stress modern number theory conversions of rational numbers to non-concise unit fraction series, often to awkward versions of the greedy algorithm, thereby being of little value to new readers wanting to know how to read the historical Egyptian fraction rational numbers, and associated formulas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Milogardner (talk • contribs)
 * Does this have anything to do with the contents of our article on arithmetic progressions? If not, it shouldn't be here. —David Eppstein (talk) 19:02, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Of course it does. The first known arithmetic progression in the Western Tradition was written in the Kahun Paprus around 1900 BCE and again in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus in problems 40 and 64. The formulas that found the largest and smallest terms in two different arithmetic progressions were algebraically related, and not algorithmic. The two formulas looked very much like Gauss' childhood story of summing seccessive additions of 1 to 100 by finding 50 pairs or 101, obtaining 5050. Egyptians did much better. Milogardner (talk) 19:26, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Product
I toyed with the idea of taking the product of an arithmetic progression, and came up with the following expression (initial term a, common distance s, and n terms):

$$s^n \times \frac{\Gamma \left(a/s + n\right) }{\Gamma \left( a / s \right) }$$

Anyone seen this before, and is it useful? - Fredrik | talk 16:38, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting. This seems to be generalizing the formula 1·2··· n=Γ(n+1). I hever saw it before. I quite don't know what one would use it for though.

 * This article is rather stubby, any additions to it, like your formula, would be welcome.

 * By the way, what do you think of merging this article with Arithmetic series? Both are stubby and don't talk about much different things? Oleg Alexandrov 19:09, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it's derived from that formula.

 * It could be useful in numeric computation, to obtain the product (or its logarithm) of an immensely long progression in O(1) time, though I'm not sure in what kind of context you'd need to do that.

 * There is also an obvious problem, that it is invalid when a/s is a negative integer (though for computations that could be handled easily as a special case).

 * As stated a couple of paragraphs up, yes, I think merging would be a good idea. Fredrik | talk 19:35, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * So we arrived independently to the same conclusion. I will merge the articles soon if I don't forget. If you get to it before me, that will be fine too. Oleg Alexandrov 03:53, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, seems like I'd just rediscovered the Pochhammer symbol, heh. Fredrik | talk 13:25, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

sum of sine and cosine in arithmetic progression

 * I think this would be useful to add under 1 Sum (arithmetic series)

Sum of Sines
The arguments of a sum of sines can be in arithmetic progression, as follows

 * $$S=\sin \varphi + \sin {(\varphi + \alpha)} + \cdots + \sin {(\varphi + n\alpha)}$$.

It has also, like a normal arithmetic sequence, a concise formula, written as

 * $$S=\frac{\sin{(\frac{(n+1) \alpha}{2})} \cdot \sin{(\varphi + \frac{n \alpha}{2})}}{\sin{\frac{\alpha}{2}}}$$.

Sum of Cosines
Analogous to the sum of sines with their arguments in arithmetic sequence, there is also one with cosines:

 * $$S=\cos \varphi + \cos {(\varphi + \alpha)} + \cdots + \cos {(\varphi + n\alpha)}$$.

There is also, the general expression, which is somewhat similar to the one of the sines:
 * $$S=\frac{\sin{(\frac{(n+1) \alpha}{2})} \cdot \sin{(\varphi + \frac{n \alpha}{2})}}{\sin{\frac{\alpha}{2}}}$$
 * $$S=\frac{\sin{\frac{(n+1) \alpha}{2}} \cdot \cos{(\varphi + \frac{n \alpha}{2})}}{\sin{\frac{\alpha}{2}}}$$.

 * In response to the unsigned material above: I think this material represents a "trigonometric progression" and not an "arithmetic progression". Maybe there is someplace it can be placed in the trigonometry articles. Thelema418 (talk) 05:06, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

History
For history of AP in old Indian texts, see this research paper.--Nizil (talk) 20:10, 1 January 2017 (UTC)

 * If the article is going to cover history at all, it should also mention Archimedes, who proved an equivalent formula for the sum of an arithmetic progression as a part of his more difficult proof of the sum of the squares of the terms of the progression, in his treatise 'On Conoids and Spheroids' (around 300 BC). This is mentioned in T. L. Heath's edition.  I would guess that the formula was also known in some form to the Arab mathematicians, but I have not researched the history of the subject in depth.109.150.6.229 (talk) 19:52, 19 March 2019 (UTC)

common difference
There needs to be a separate article named common difference of an arithmetic progression. Huzaifa abedeen (talk) 05:14, 1 October 2020 (UTC)Huzaifa abedeen

Removals
I've trimmed a moderate amount from this article, culling stuff like bullet points that restate the obvious and look like they were copied out of a study guide for a junior-high quiz, and a "section" devoted to two lines of Python. Wikipedia is not a textbook, a cheat sheet for elementary formulae, or a Programming 101 manual. In addition, claims like Arithmetic Progression was invented by Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss. are blatantly unhistorical and even make the article self-contradictory. Pop-math wiki websites and random study guides are not sources we should depend upon, particularly when standard texts and peer-reviewed papers on the history of mathematics are plentiful. XOR'easter (talk) 20:03, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Please consider adding common difference $$d$$, general form of an AP $$a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, . . .$$, general term of an AP $$a_n$$, middle term of an AP, and Arithmetic mean. Huzaifa abedeen (talk) 05:42, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

Math
Formula 118.103.138.107 (talk) 06:00, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arithmetic progression


text:
Quorn (disambiguation)

Quorn is a meat substitute.

Quorn may also refer to:
 * Quorn, Leicestershire (or Quorndon), a village in England after which the meat substitute product is named
 * Quorn Hunt, a fox hunt in Leicestershire once based at Quorndon
 * HMS Quorn, one of three ships named after the hunt
 * Quorn F.C., a football club based in the village
 * Quorn, South Australia, a town and locality in the Flinders Ranges
 * Quorn railway station, a railway station in South Australia

title: Quorn (disambiguation)