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California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

California State Polytechnic University Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona), is a public polytechnic university in Pomona, California. It is the largest (by student body) of the three polytechnic universities in the California State University system.

Cal Poly Pomona began as the southern campus of the California Polytechnic School (today known as Cal Poly San Luis Obispo) in 1938 when the Voorhis School for Boys and its adjacent farm in the city of San Dimas were donated by Charles Voorhis and his son Jerry Voorhis. Cal Poly's southern campus grew further in 1949 when it acquired the University of California, W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry from the University of California. UC's W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry was located in the neighboring city of Pomona, California and had previously belonged to Will Keith Kellogg. Cal Poly Pomona, then known as Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis, and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo continued operations under a unified administrative control until they became independent from one another in 1966.

Cal Poly Pomona currently offers bachelor's degrees in 94 majors, 39 master's degree programs, 13 teaching credentials, and a doctorate across 9 distinct academic colleges. The university is one among a small group of polytechnic universities in the United States which tend to be primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences. Cal Poly, Pomona is a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution (AANAPISI).

Its sports teams are known as the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and play in the NCAA Division II as part of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The Broncos sponsor 10 varsity sports and have won 14 NCAA national championships. Current and former Cal Poly Pomona athletes have won 7 Olympic medals (3 gold, 1 silver, and 3 bronze).

History

Events leading to the foundation of present-day Cal Poly at Pomona began with the ending of the Voorhis School for Boys near Walnut Creek in San Dimas, California and its acquisition by the San Luis Obispo-based California Polytechnic School in 1938.

The California Polytechnic School was founded as a vocational high school when California Governor Henry Gage signed the Polytechnic School Bill on March 8, 1901, after its drafting by school founder Myron Angel. Voorhis School, on the other hand, had been established in 1928 as a private vocational school which provided elementary schooling for underprivileged boys and operated under the Christian religious principle, "education coupled with the Kingdom of God". Its founder Charles B. Voorhis and headmaster Jerry Voorhis maintained the school opened throughout the worst years of the Great Depression but persistent economic pressures forced them to transfer control to Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 1938.

Voorhis School became the Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit and its educational offerings were raised to the same level as Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's, then a two-year college. The horticulture program was moved to the new satellite campus and the two units operated as one institution spanning two locations under the leadership of president Julian McPhee.

During World War II most of the student body was called to active military duty; enrollment declined and the campus closed in 1943. Reopening after the war, Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit operated in San Dimas until 1956 when it moved to Will Keith Kellogg’s former horse ranch in the neighboring city of Pomona, California. Acknowledging its Kellogg legacy, Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit changed its name to Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit and offered six programs in agriculture. The inaugural class of 1957 at the new campus consisted of 57 students graduating with bachelor’s degrees in a ceremony held at the Rose Garden in Pomona and religious services at Voorhis Chapel in San Dimas. Also in 1957, Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis introduced the College of Engineering, the second academic unit after the College of Agriculture. The California Master Plan for Higher Education added the two Cal Poly campuses to the new California State College system in 1961 and Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit opened its doors for the first time to 329 female students. President McPhee retired in 1966, and Cal Poly split into two different and independent universities. The partnership between the two campuses remains with their involvement in the annual Cal Poly Universities Rose Float.

To better reflect its new ties to the California State College system, Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis changed its name to "California State Polytechnic College, Kellogg-Voorhis" in 1966 and became the 16th campus to officially join the CSC system. Robert C. Kramer assumed presidency of the independent campus in 1966 (second overall as the university recognizes McPhee as its first) and California State Polytechnic College, Kellogg-Voorhis finally adopted its present-day name California State Polytechnic University, Pomona on June 1, 1972.

In 1998, Cal Poly Pomona received criticism when it planned to grant an honorary degree to Robert Mugabe. Mugabe's negative humanitarian record as president of Zimbabwe led to protests from staff, faculty and students, ultimately forcing the university to rescind the plan.

Cal Poly Pomona underwent further growth in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with the construction of the CLA Building (demolished in 2022), academic facilities, expansion to the Cal Poly Pomona University Library and the addition of programs such as the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies, the I-Poly High School and the U.R. Bronco undergraduate research program. Under then-president J. Michael Ortiz, Cal Poly Pomona launched its first comprehensive capital campaign in fall of 2008 to increase its permanent endowment. Nevertheless, the negative economic effects caused by the late-2000s recession resulted in increased student fees, reduced enrollment availability, eliminated two athletic programs and introduced a mandatory furlough calendar for most of its employees.

Name
The campus office of public affairs recognizes two official names for the university: "California State Polytechnic University, Pomona" and "Cal Poly Pomona". However, "Cal Poly" has also been used to refer to Cal Poly at Pomona, as both itself and California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, California were one institution spanning two locations from 1938 to 1966. Cal Poly's office of public affairs recommends not to abbreviate the university's name merely as "Cal Poly". In the years when the University of California was in charge of Kellogg's donated estate in Pomona (1932–1943), the names "University of California, W.K. Kellogg Institute" and "W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry University of California, Pomona", came into use to describe the site. Although Cal Poly Pomona is now part of the California State University, its naming convention does not follow that of most campuses within the system (for example, the CSU campus in San Diego bears the full official name "San Diego State University" and the CSU campus in Fullerton uses the name "California State University, Fullerton"). "Pomona State University" and "California State University, Pomona" are seldom used and are not in the university's graphic standard's manual.

Campus
Cal Poly Pomona is located partially within the limits of Pomona, a largely suburban city that is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The city of Pomona is located in the eastern portion of Los Angeles County and borders the neighboring county of San Bernardino to the east. The university's 1725 acre campus make it the second largest in the California State University system, a figure which includes various facilities scattered throughout Southern California such as a 53 acre ranch in Santa Paula, California, 25 acre campus at the former Spadra Landfill (now known as "Spadra Ranch"), and the Neutra VDL Studio and Residences in Silver Lake, Los Angeles. The university is currently negotiating the transfer of the 302 acre Lanterman Developmental Center from the State of California. The land is to be used for academic purposes and expansion of the Innovation Village and also shared by the California Highway Patrol, the California Air Resources Board and the California Conservation Corps. The transfer of the land is part of the Governor's 2015–2016 Proposed Budget.

Although part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the university is in close proximity to two other large metropolitan and culturally-defined regions, the Inland Empire and Orange County. The university has a tier 1 area, defined as a geographical admissions region surrounding the campus, roughly bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, the city of Chino Hills to the south, Interstate 605 to the west, and Interstate 15 to the east. Cal Poly Pomona's campus buildings vary in age and style from the Mission Revival Kellogg Horse Stables and the Kellogg House (suggesting the Spanish colonial architectural heritage of Southern California) built in the 1920s; the modernist box-like portion of the library completed in 1969; to contemporary dormitories, engineering, science and library-expansion facilities completed in the early 21st century. Manor House serves as the official residence of the university president.

Leisure and recreational locations include a rose garden which dates back to the Kellogg horse ranch years; the Kellogg House designed by Los Angeles-based architects Charles Gibbs Adams, Myron Hunt and Harold Coulson Chambers in the 1920s; and a 1.3 acre Japanese garden built in 2003 and designed by Takeo Uesugi. Kellogg's House features grounds which were initially landscaped by Charles Gibbs Adams but were later completed by Florence Yoch & Lucile Council. Cal Poly Pomona's George and Sakaye Aratani Japanese Garden is one among three under management by institutions of higher education in the County of Los Angeles, the others being the Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden at Cal State Long Beach, and the Shinwa-En Garden at Cal State Dominguez Hills. At the center of the campus and atop Horsehill are the buildings of the Collins College of Hospitality Management and Kellogg West, a hotel and conference center and home of the student/faculty-run Restaurant at Kellogg Ranch.

At the northwest part of the campus is the Voorhis Ecological Reserve, which serves as a 31 ha wildlife corridor containing Coastal Sage Scrub and Coast Live Oak trees among others. Contrasting some of these architecturally prominent facilities, there are various portable buildings on campus which are used to accommodate the growing enrollment of recent decades. Cal Poly Pomona operates the International Polytechnic High School, a college preparatory high school located on campus.

The letters "CPP" made of concrete are located on Colt Hill overlooking the campus. The letters "CP" were initially added in 1959, with the second "P" added in 2004 to distinguish it from the Cal Poly campus in San Luis Obispo.

Between 1993 and 2022, Cal Poly Pomona's dominant landmark was a futurist-styled administrative facility known as the CLA Building which was designed by Antoine Predock and opened in 1993. The building's peculiar shape (standing out by a triangular-shaped "skyroom" atop its eight-story tower ) became a symbol of the university; in addition, its close location to film studios based in the Hollywood borough of Los Angeles have prompted its inclusion in motion pictures such as Gattaca and Impostor. In 2013, the California State University Board of Trustees voted to demolish the building and replace it with a new academic/faculty complex because of severe seismic risks, as determined when now reviewed in the context of more recent seismic research than was required by building codes at the time of its original design and building permit. Despite the fact that numerous other buildings on the CPP campus are much older, which brings into question their adequacy as they too sit on the same presumed fault line, only the CLA building was to be completely demolished by the end of summer 2022.

Noted modernist architect James Pulliam once served as campus architect and instructor and designed the Bookstore, W. Keith and Janet Kellogg Art Gallery, Interim Design Center (IDC) and Student Union building which architectural historian David Gebhard regarded as the best building on campus.

Academic and research facilities
The W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Center is an academic and research facility serving one of the 22 terms and conditions to the donation of the Kellogg ranch by maintaining Kellogg's purebred Arabian horses and their breeding program. Another academic facility highlighting the Kellogg legacy is the Horse Stables (also known as University Plaza) which contains a small research library specializing in equine studies along with offices for student services and various campus organizations.

Conceived in 1995 by then university president, Bob H. Suzuki, and initially financed by NASA and the Economic Development Administration, the Innovation Village is a 65 acre public/private partnership research and business facility at the southern edge of the campus. Major tenants include the American Red Cross, Southern California Edison, and the NASA Commercialization Center. The project is currently at the halfway mark of building and leasing 1000000 sqft of the projected total building space. Once complete, it is estimated that the project would employ 2000 to 3000 people and provide half a billion dollars of economic benefits to the local, regional and state economies.

Campus sustainability and transportation

The university has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus. In November 2007, Cal Poly Pomona became a signatory member of the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment. Among other things, this committed the university to ensure that within one year, it would purchase or produce at least 15% of the institution's electric consumption from renewable sources. The university, along with other members in the CSU, is also a member of the California Climate Action Registry. and lists on The Princeton Review's Guide to 375 Green Colleges. As a part of the campus' Climate Action Plan to reduce its carbon footprint, the campus offers incentive parking for students and faculty participating in its Rideshare program. The carpooling initiative gives users the opportunity to park in reserved spaces located closer to campus buildings.

Cal Poly Pomona's institute for sustainability education is the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies. The center was built adjacent to an old landfill and conducts research in the areas of sustainable technology and agriculture. As an example of Cradle to Cradle Design, it uses solar-powered dormitories, aquaculture ponds, and organic gardens while providing environmentally-sustainable housing accommodation for 22 graduate students. In 2010, with the installation of a 210,000 kW hours CPV system by Amonix, the center became the first carbon neutral facility in the California State University system. The center is part of Agriscapes, a 40 acre research project that showcases environmental and agricultural sustainable practices including methods to grow food, conserve water and energy and recycle urban waste. Agriscapes is home of the Farm Store at Kellogg Ranch which sells locally and campus-grown foods and products. Cal Poly Pomona campus also contains a rainforest greenhouse, a California ethnobotany garden, and an aquatic biology center collectively known as BioTrek, which provides environmental education to all academic levels.

The entire campus community is served by a free campus shuttle system known as "Bronco Express". The shuttle system has 3 lines and is run by the office of Transportation Services. In addition, PTS also offers a shuttle service known as "Metrolink" which provides both students and faculty a direct connection from the Pomona North and Downtown Pomona Metrolink stations to the CLA Building.

Foothill Transit lines 190, 194, 195, 289, 480, 482, and 486 serve the campus daily while Silver Streak only serves weekdays from 7AM to 7:17PM and will be later expanded to 9PM.

Seismic risks and other challenges of campus development
Although it is believed that the San Jose Fault (indicated by USGS as having a presumed period of 130,000 years) runs through campus, and geotechnical investigations have been conducted, there is uncertainty regarding its precise type and location. The CLA Building has been said to suffer from "structural flaws" that do not seem to have been clearly publicized, except that they had been "most notably, water intrusion", which continues to be portrayed inaccurately as a "structural flaw". In 2005, the university filed a lawsuit against a contractor, for which it was compensated $13.3 million in an out-of-court settlement. Amid these concerns, in September 2010, CSU's board of trustees approved a proposal to have the building razed.

Hideo Sasaki's architectural firm, Sasaki Associates, Inc., found in the February 2010 master plan that the campus's seismic risk, uneven terrain, lack of parking spaces, small classrooms, and pedestrian-unfriendly roads are major constraints for future campus development. It also indicated the lack of identity, an undefined sense of arrival, and a desire to build a stronger on-campus community, among others, as recurrent themes among campus's users. Nonetheless, the firm highlights campus ethnic diversity, its location-climate, and the natural beauty of campus, among others, as positive aspects of the physical campus as well as the campus life experience. It may be appropriate for the CSU

Organization and administration
Cal Poly at Pomona is one of three polytechnics in the 23-member California State University system. The CSU system is governed by a 25-member board of trustees, including one faculty trustee, one alumni trustee, and two student trustees, and has authority over curricular development, campus planning, and fiscal management. The university system is currently governed by Chancellor Mildred García, who assumed the office in 2023.

The chief executive of the Cal Poly Pomona campus is President Soraya M. Coley.

Cal Poly Pomona is a member of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU)

University Educational Trust (UET)
The University Educational Trust (UET) was a 501 (c)(3) tax-exempt organization serving as a source of external fund-raising, funds-management and revenue-distribution at Cal Poly Pomona. According to meeting minutes from 2011, the "Cal Poly Pomona University Educational Trust (UET) Board of Directors, the Chancellor's Office and University Administration made the decision to dissolve the UET and transfer all of its net assets to the Cal Poly Pomona Foundation, Inc."

Endowment
Cal Poly Pomona financial endowment was valued at $85.6 million. In fall 2010, Cal Poly Pomona embarked on its first comprehensive fundraising campaign. Early major donors helped raise more than half of the campaign's goal of $150 million before its formal launch. They included an anonymous benefactor who pledged $12 million, and $2 million from 1980 alumni Mickey and Lee Segal. Just before the campaign launch, on July 26, 2010, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation awarded a $42 million challenge grant to the university to increase educational access to underrepresented communities, making it the largest cash gift in the history of the CSU system. On February 28, 2011, Panda Express founders Andrew and Peggy Cherng announced a $2.5 million pledge to Cal Poly Pomona's Collins College of Hospitality Management. The university expects that its permanent endowment at the conclusion of its first comprehensive campaign will top $100 million. On June 15, 2021, philanthropist MacKenzie Scott made a $40 million cash gift to Cal Poly Pomona, making it the largest donation or grant to Cal Poly Pomona given by an individual.

Academics

Cal Poly Pomona's academic offerings have evolved throughout the years. Prior to the ownership shift to Cal Poly SLO in 1938, the Voorhis School for Boys in San Dimas had been providing educational offerings in "music, bookkeeping, agriculture, library work, carpentry, nature study, machine shop, and printing" coupled with Christian religious fundamentals to an all-male student body with poor, underage boys. In 1938, the campus became the agricultural branch of Cal Poly SLO when a small staff was transfer from San Luis Obispo along with group of agricultural inspection students. Thus, Cal Poly at Pomona (then just Cal Poly) began offering Associate's degrees in 1938 and Bachelor's degrees in 1940 when, despite legislative opposition from pro-University of California members in Sacramento, president Julian McPhee asked allied members Armistead B. Carter and Daniel C. Murphy to introduce the bill when two opposing members were not present to vote. Following the governance breakup with the San Luis Obispo in 1966, and as outlined by the 1960 California Master Plan for Higher Education, Cal Poly Pomona continued "offer[ing] undergraduate and graduate instruction through the master's degree in the liberal arts and sciences and professional education, including teacher education." Currently, Cal Poly Pomona promotes a "learn by doing" philosophy, where an essential part of the curriculum is hands-on application of knowledge.

Merriam-Webster mentions that "polytechnic", a word first known to have been used in 1798, is derived from the French polytechnique which contains the Greek-roots "poly" (English:many) and "technē" (art). Thus, Merriam-Webster defines "polytechnic" as, "relating to or devoted to instruction in many technical arts or applied sciences". Cal Poly Pomona's polytechnic approach, and learn-by-doing philosophy, encourages students in all programs to get real-world experience and skills necessary to join the workforce upon graduation.

In addition, the university is among six other institutions of higher education in California that have been designated a "Center of Academic Excellence" by the Department of Homeland Security and the National Security Agency (NSA). While all majors are encouraged to participate in co-op opportunities and internships, all students must do a senior research project.

The 300,000 sqft Cal Poly Pomona University Library serves "as the central intellectual and cultural resource of the campus community" and contains 2.4 million items and serves as an important center for academic research. Built in 1969 for $4.2 million, the library underwent a major renovation and expansion completed in the summer of 2008 at a cost of over $46 million. The library participates in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Enhance program which allows it to correct or add information to bibliographic records in WorldCat.

Distinctions
With approximately 5,000 students, its college of Engineering is the second largest in the California State University system. The university has the largest Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Construction Engineering programs in the CSU, and is the only campus to offer an Engineering Technology focus.

Just behind Cal State Fullerton, the university has the second largest Business Administration major in the CSU with nearly 5,000 students. Its Hospitality program is the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of the US, with approximately 1,000 students enrolled. Overall, the university holds the fourth largest business college in the CSU.

Rankings
According to U.S. News & World Report's 2023 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 3rd in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 2nd in Top Public Schools, 4th for Most Innovative School, 6 in Best Undergraduate Teaching, 4 in Top Performers on Social Mobility (tie) and 25 in Best Value School. The same report ranked the College of Engineering for 9th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

 * Computer Engineering: 2nd
 * Civil Engineering: 4th
 * Aerospace Engineering: 5th
 * Electrical Engineering: 3rd
 * Mechanical Engineering: 3rd

According to U.S. News & World Report's 2022 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 14th in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 3rd in Top Public Schools, 3rd for Most Innovative School, 6 in Best Undergraduate Teaching (tie), 7 in Top Performers on Social Mobility (tie) and 37 in Best Value School. The same report ranked the College of Engineering tied for 11th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

 * Civil Engineering: 4th
 * Computer Engineering: 3rd
 * Electrical Engineering: 4th (tied)
 * Mechanical Engineering: 9th

According to U.S. News & World Report's 2021 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 2nd in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 3rd for Most Innovative School, and tied for 10th overall (including private schools). The same report ranked the College of Engineering tied for 11th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

 * Aerospace Engineering: 3rd (tied)
 * Civil Engineering: 6th
 * Computer Engineering: 4th (tied)
 * Electrical Engineering: 8th (tied)
 * Industrial Engineering: 2nd
 * Mechanical Engineering: 8th

Money Magazine ranked Cal Poly Pomona 15th in the country out of more than 700 schools it evaluated for its 2020 Best Colleges ranking. The Daily Beast ranked Cal Poly Pomona 159th in the country out of the nearly 2000 schools it evaluated for its 2014 Best Colleges ranking.

In Forbes magazine's 2019 list of "America's Best Colleges", Cal Poly Pomona was ranked number 273 among the 650 best public and private colleges and universities in the nation. In the 2012 "PayScale College Salary Report" conducted by PayScale of bachelor's graduates without higher degrees, Cal Poly Pomona ranked 19th among public universities in the country with a starting median salary of $46,800 and a mid-career median salary of $93,000. This places Cal Poly Pomona the fourth highest in California and the second highest in the CSU, while besting every UC with the exception of Berkeley and San Diego.

In December 2014 Kiplinger ranked Cal Poly Pomona 94th out of the top 100 best-value public schools in the nation, and 11th in California. Furthermore, Cal Poly Pomona is considered one of the top investments for educational value, with a 2013 net 30-year return on investment (ROI) of $917,100 according to PayScale. This ROI is the third highest in the CSU and 113th highest of the 1,511 US colleges and universities that were ranked, besting most UC campuses.

Admissions
Fall Enrolled Freshman Statistics (Fall 2022-Fall 2011)

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and U.S. News & World Report describe Cal Poly Pomona's admissions process as "selective". The CSU system lists Cal Poly Pomona among 16 of its institutions with higher admission standards for first-time freshmen. For the Fall of 2016 there were 32,917 first-time, first year applicants: 19,474 were admitted (51.9%) and 4,204 enrolled (an admissions yield of 21.6%). The middle 50% range of SAT scores was 440-560 for reading and 460–600 for math, while the middle 50% ACT Composite range was 20–27. Of the enrolled freshmen, 25.6% had a high school GPA of 3.75 or higher, while the average GPA was 3.45.

Freshmen applicants who graduate high school outside Cal Poly Pomona's Tier 1 area (known as Tier 2 applicants) are rank ordered by eligibility index and granted admission based on a year-specific cutoff score. Since academic year 2010–2011, Tier 1 applicants may no longer be guaranteed admissions based on the CSU Eligibility Index and may be subject to similar criteria as Tier 2 applicants.

Demographics
Cal Poly Pomona is an ethnically and culturally diverse university, self-described as "Champions of Diversity", College Prowler states that "Cal Poly is the melting pot of the Cal States". As of 2018 Cal Poly Pomona has the third largest enrollment percentage of Asian Americans in the Cal State System.

Cal Poly Pomona has over 1,000 visa-bearing international students.

Impaction
During the fall admissions filing period, the CSU designates academic programs where more applications are received than can be accommodated by the campus, and designates them as "impacted". At Cal Poly Pomona, impacted academic programs include: Animal Health Science, Animal Science, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Architecture, Psychology, Sociology, Communication, Biology, Biotechnology, and undeclared programs. As such, applicants are rank ordered by eligibility index regardless of local admissions area and are accepted as space permits. Cal Poly Pomona students who wish to change majors to an impacted program must meet supplemental requirements required for that major. Requesting a change to an impacted major must be received by the end of the initial filing period for the term for which new majors are being accepted (i.e. By February 28, 2010, for summer 2011; November 30, 2010 for fall 2011; June 30, 2011 for winter 2012; or August 31, 2011 for spring 2012).

Housing

With an on-campus housing capacity of 3,519 students, Cal Poly Pomona has the fifth largest housing system in the California State University. In 2016, 39% of first-year students and 10% of all students live in college housing.

There are three residential styles on the Pomona campus. The oldest housing facilities consist of six residential halls, known as the Traditional Halls, located on University Drive. The four older red-brick halls are named Alamitos, Aliso, Encinitas, and Montecito, each providing accommodation for up to 212 residents. The other two housing halls (Cedritos and Palmitas), were the result of a 1968 development and each has room to accommodate up to 185 residents. These two halls were described as eligible for the California Historic Register as "a significant example of the work of highly noted Southern California architectural firm, Smith and Williams".

Newer residential complexes include the University Village and the Suites which offer apartment-style living to non-freshman students. The Residence Halls, Traditional Halls, and the Suites are managed by the Division of Student Affairs, whereas the University Village is managed by the Cal Poly Pomona Foundation. Phase I of the construction of the Suites, housing 420 students, was completed in 2004 and Phase II, housing 622 students, opened in 2010.

In an effort to reduce commuting and raise academic performance and retention, starting with the 2010–2011 academic year, freshmen from outside the Tier 1 Local Admissions area (the area roughly bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains and Chino Hills to the north and south and the 15 and 605 freeways to the east and west), will be required to live on campus.

Currently, there have been ongoing efforts to grow the residential community on campus. In 2017, construction began on two new residential halls (Sicomoro and Secoya) along with a new dining hall (Centerpointe Dining Commons), which are intended to replace the aging and seismically unfit residential community along University Drive. The new Residence Halls opened to select first-year residents in January 2020. The Residence Halls can house 980 residents and are only open to first-year students.

Bronco Student Center

The Bronco Student Center is a student activity center for meetings, conferences, meals, recreation, and shopping for students and alumni on the campus of Cal Poly Pomona in Pomona, California. This is where ASI student government offices are located, as well as other various student run departments like facilities and operations, Recreation, Programming and Marketing (RPM), Business Services, Games Room Etc. (GRE).

LGBT-friendly campus
According to the Advocate College Guide for LGBT Students, Cal Poly Pomona is one of the nation's best campuses for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students. The university offers gender-neutral housing, a pride center for LGBT students, the club oSTEM (out in STEM) and Pride Alliance for faculty and staff members.

Campus media
Campus events are covered by the student newspaper, the Poly Post. The Bronco Sports Show is a quarterly television broadcast capturing the highlights and statistics from Bronco Athletics along with other featured events around the campus. PolyCentric is the university's official online magazine. PolyCentric features news, announcements of campus events, spotlights on various departments, and resources for faculty and staff. A web site also provides a comprehensive archival search for past articles and photos.

Bronco Pep Band
The Bronco Pep Band is a student-run band at Cal Poly Pomona. The band is a group within the athletic department. It follows the tradition of other student-run bands in the sense that it focuses on its members' individuality. The band attends athletic events during the year to encourage the school's athletic teams and audience support/involvement. The pep band is entirely voluntary and all students at Cal Poly Pomona or anyone else in the area are free to join.

Greek life
Greek Life at Cal Poly Pomona consists of 16 fraternities and 11 sororities governed by the Greek Council. From the total male undergraduate population, 2% are enrolled in fraternities and 1% of women in sororities respectively. In 2005, Lambda Phi Epsilon pledge Kenny Luong died from injuries suffered during a brutal football game between members of the fraternity and those pledging to join it.

Rose Parade float
Cal Poly Pomona together with Cal Poly San Luis Obispo has participated in the Tournament of Roses parade since 1949; winning the Award of Merit in their first year. From 1949 to 2005, the floats have won 44 awards. This joint program is one of the longest consecutive running self-built entries in the parade, as well as the only "self built" floats designed and constructed entirely by students year-round on both campuses. The Rose Float tradition continues today and marks the partnership between the two Cal Poly campuses.

Voorhis Vikings
Before the university moved from San Dimas to Pomona, the college had a handful of athletic teams named the "Voorhis Vikings". They were composed mostly of homeless and orphaned boys of all races who were cared for at the Voorhis School during the ten-year period it operated. Despite this historical background, the university's current athletic programs are named the Broncos.

Cal Poly Pomona Broncos
Cal Poly Pomona varsity teams compete in the California Collegiate Athletic Association of NCAA Division II. Teams are known as the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and field 10 sports for men and women for the fall, winter, and spring quarters. Cal Poly Pomona's most recent national championship came in 2010 Division II basketball tournament when the university's men's basketball team defeated Indiana University of Pennsylvania 65–53 in the title game. The Broncos are currently the most successful program in the CCAA having achieved 60 CCAA and 14 NCAA National Championships. University athletes have also claimed individual championships in women's tennis (1980, 1981, 1991, and 1992). Besides being located in close proximity to each other, Cal State LA and Cal Poly Pomona have competed heavily as conference rivals. The Broncos excels in Women's basketball in the California Collegiate Athletic Association.

Team national championships for the Broncos include the following:
 * Baseball: 1976, 1980, 1983
 * Men's cross country: 1983
 * Men's basketball: 2010
 * Women's basketball: 1982, 1985, 1986, 2001, 2002

Notable people
Ken Maddox(California State Assemblyman)


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Jai Rodriguez

Jai Rodriguez is an American actor and musician best known as the culture guide on the Bravo network's Emmy-winning American reality television program Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. He also co-wrote a book with the other Queer Eye hosts. Rodriguez starred as Geoffrey in the sitcom Malibu Country from 2012 to 2013.

Personal life
Rodriguez is of Puerto Rican and Italian descent, He performed with gospel choirs from the age of eleven, and studied musical theater at the Boces Cultural Art Center in Syosset, New York (now called Long Island High School for the Arts). He also attended Smithtown Christian School and Smithtown High School (now Smithtown West), where he performed in various plays. He is openly gay.

Acting
Rodriguez is a stage actor and singer best known for his roles in the Toronto cast of Broadway stage musical Rent, as Angel, and the Off-Broadway musical Zanna, Don't!, as Zanna. He has acted in several plays, including Spinning into Butter at the Lincoln Center. In 2005, he created and performed his stage show Jai Rodriguez: xPosed. xPosed told the story of Rodriguez's life and struggle to come out to his religious family as well as his career on stage and in Queer Eye. His Queer Eye co-stars Ted Allen and Carson Kressley appeared as themselves.

In November 1993, at age 14, Rodriguez appeared in one episode of the daytime drama All My Children. In August 2005, he made a two-day guest appearance on the daytime drama One Life to Live.

In November 2005, while Queer Eye was on filming hiatus, he joined the cast of The Producers on Broadway for three months, playing the role of Carmen Ghia. He played a different role, that of Sabu, in the 2005 Producers movie.

In August 2007, Rodriguez filmed a guest-starring role in drama series Nip/Tuck, playing the character of Chaz Darling. The episode (also titled "Chaz Darling") aired in November 2007.

In March 2010, Rodriguez appeared as a newscaster in the music video for "Telephone", with Lady Gaga and Beyoncé.

In February 2011, Rodriguez appeared in an episode of the ABC series Detroit 1-8-7 titled "Legacy; Drag City", playing a drag queen.

In March 2011, Rodriguez made an appearance in an episode of NBC's Harry's Law, titled "Send in the Clowns", as a transgender woman fired after an affair with a club owner was exposed.

In November 2011, Rodriguez appeared in an episode of How I Met Your Mother titled "The Rebound Girl", playing the husband of Barney Stinson's brother. He appeared again in March 2014 in the episode "Gary Blauman".

Rodriguez regularly guest performs in Cookin' with Gas , a long-running all improv show, at The Groundlings Theatre in Los Angeles.

In April 2012, he appeared in an episode of Bones as a murdering hairdresser.

On Malibu Country, Rodriguez was a regular cast member, playing record industry executive, Geoffrey.

In November 2014, Rodriguez appeared as Diego Diaz in Kingdom as a physical therapist.

From August 2014, Rodriguez appeared as "Ritchie Valentine" in The Horizon.

Television hosting
In 2003, Rodriguez became Queer Eye resident "Culture Vulture", functioning as the show's expert on the topic of culture, and the show's success brought him increased exposure. He was a replacement host for the show's culture host who was originally cast, but has been part of Queer Eye since the third episode. This show includes five men who respectively are a grooming guru, food and wine connoisseur, fashion savant, a fashion stylist, and a culture vulture.

In April 2004, Jai hosted Bravo on with the Show. This was a contest on Bravo in which 50 actors and actresses won a trip to New York City to work with Broadway professionals. This three-day workshop helped these teens develop their acting skills.

In May 2007, Rodriguez announced he would be appearing as a regular judge on two new reality shows: MTV's Shower Power (an American Idol-type singing contest) and Court TV's The Jury, (a Judge Judy-type show where cases are decided by a panel of celebrity judges).

On November 3, 2007, Rodriguez started co-hosting Ultimate Style, with Daisy Fuentes, on the Style Network. The weekly series covered celebrities, fashion, beauty, home and all things related to style. Also in 2007, Rodriguez hosted one season of travel/style show Styleyes on Sí TV.

Rodriguez also hosted the TV show Groomer Has It, which premiered April 12, 2008 on Animal Planet. He also appears on GSN Live as a sub host.

Music
As a singer, Rodriguez has performed on stage and as a recording artist. In 2002, he created his own musical cabaret show, titled Monday Night Twisted Cabaret, which ran at New York gay club xl for a year. Rodriguez continued to perform Twisted Cabaret on a sporadic basis from 2004 to 2006.

Rodriguez released his first single, "Love Is Good", on the indie record label Arrive at Eleven Productions in March 2003. He then recorded his debut album for Airgo Records. "Broken", the first single from the album, was released on October 4, 2007.

Rodriguez appeared as one of the celebrity singers on the TV show Celebrity Duets, which premiered August 29. He was eliminated on September 22, 2006.

Writing
Rodriguez is also a co-author of the New York Times bestselling book Queer Eye for the Straight Guy: The Fab Five's Guide to Looking Better, Cooking Better, Dressing Better, Behaving Better, and Living Better (Published by Clarkson Potter, 2004).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jai Rodriguez


text:
Talk:Arabic literature

[Untitled]
Forty possible source sites profiled here: http://zeal.com/search/results.jhtml?keyword=arabic+literature&scope=directory
 * robinp 05:32, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I've just seen this on Literature COTW. There's a lot of room for expansion: pre-Islamic literature, Qur'an, Hadith, Garshuni, the transmission of Greek, Persian and Indian scientific and philosophical works → to the modern novel in Arabic (Naguib Mahfouz &c.). Gareth Hughes 17:25, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I'm trying to work out a framework for improving this article. We could go through the fuckin genre by genre, but I feel that a chronological journey might be best. How about this: Is that any good as a layout? Gareth Hughes 18:36, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Pre-Quranic literature — I feel that pre-Quranic makes more sense than pre-Islamic, and I think that the apostrophe marking hamza should be left out in this adjective form.
 * 2) Qur'an and Hadith — a section on the profound literary influence of the Qur'an, and how hadith-style — pragmatic, eyewitness accounts — went beyond hadith literature and are found in other genres of early Islamic Arabic literature.
 * 3) Umayyad literature — the development of adab literature, pragmatic and educational literature.
 * 4) Classical literature (9th & 10th centuries) — the flowering of literary style, the risala essay, the maqamat epics and mediaeval drama.
 * 5) Late mediaeval literature — the proccupation with preservation after the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols: encyclopedias, dictionaries and reference works. The age of the Arabic romance, a kind of dream time.
 * 6) Modern literature — the ninteenth century revival of Arabic literature, the influx of European styles, and the uneasy relation between traditional and modern works. Jouranlism in Lebanon and Egypt races ahead. The Arabic historical novel develops. Traditional and modernist poetry thrives.
 * Is Quranic really better? I ask this because even in your next point you acknowledge the importance and influence of Hadith which undoubtedly helped greatly to make the change between pre-Quranic and post-Quranic writing.  Also, what exactly is the scope of Arabic literature?  The influence of Arab literature at least was disseminated from Spain to Indonesia.  In the east the differences remain much more distinct but would you write about the impact to as far east as Pakistan maybe? since they inheritted the script?  Since the beginning of the article says Arabic literature is literature written in Arabic, or by Arabs in other languages. That makes me unclear where heavy Arab influence ends and Arab itself begins.  There is also the question of linguistics I'd imagine with the different dialects.  I offer no answers, just curiosities. gren 19:19, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)

A few novels have been written in English or French by Arabs, including "Beer in the Snooker Club by Waguih Ghali" (brother of Boutros Boutros Ghali) Arab ethnicity justifies "Arab Literature" just as being Jewish makes something "Jewish literature" even if it isn't in hebrew or pertaining to Judaism the religion or Jewish culture in any way. The lines are somewhat shaky I admit, but basically of the author allows it to be called such it is what it is. We on wikipedia can't set up guidelines when academics have not either. Angrynight 00:00, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

The idea that Al-Muttanabi was closest to imitating the Quran is somewhat POV. There is room for disagreement on this by scholars. The statement is not independantly verifiable. Therefore I have removed the sentence. If someone can find a source that says "there are those who say", by all means reintroduce it without absolutes. Angrynight 03:53, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Adab
Is the link given for adab in the article correct? The content at the link has no obvious relation to literature. - Jmabel | Talk 05:37, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't speak arabic but if you put the arabic script of the word adab in the arabic wikipedia it apparently goes to the literature article which links back to the equivalent lit page in en. MeltBanana  15:29, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Saj link
Saj links to an article on a kind of bread. --Madler 03:22, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well if you look at the history for saj you can see it has been rewritten on a different subject. MeltBanana  14:54, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Georgy Zeidan, a Lebanese Christian writer
Georgy Zeidan

I'm looking for material about him. I can't believe that this is the only "Christian" Arabic novelist of his time. Do you have any hints or ideas? I would like to go into research about him and other Arabic novelists who have a Christian background. Of course, I would like to add the results here. Can someone tell me where to start? Ben2007 20:01, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Sinbad is not an arabic story
Sinbad is`nt an arabic story, I think you`d better research and investigate more about it because this story is about Sinbad-e-Bahri and he was Iranian. by the way Sinbad is an Iranian name not Arabic, and there is no one in Arab`s history that was named Sinbad.

The "Arabic" has to do with the literature, the language of the literature, not the nationality of the title character. The "Arabic" story refers to the story in Arabic, regardless of the story's antecedents. This is also true of other themes and topics on "Arabic literature," the title of this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.87.207.119 (talk) 20:34, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

Quran
And as to the poets, those who go astray follow them. That is not arabic literature... surely arabic literature, the quran, should be in arabic? Faro0485 (talk) 23:50, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Sure Quran is the word / book of Allah. Its not JUST a work Arabic Literature. Its a divine Masterpiece of its era till the end of time

182.178.49.151 (talk) 02:33, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

Marrash family
I have prepared an article about writer and poet Francis Marrash. He and his sister seem to have been quite important in the Arabic literature, during the Nahda. I also began articles about his sister Maryana and his brother Abdallah. Feel free to contribute/use them. --Bryan P. C. C. (talk) 16:58, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Anti-arabic piece
"Literature in Arabic has been largely unknown outside the Islamic world. Arabic has frequently acted as a time capsule, preserving literature form ancient civilisations to be re-discovered in Renaissance Europe and as a conduit for transmitting literature from distant regions."

The statement that arabic has been largely unknown outsite the Islamic world is quite absurd. Ibn Sina - that was persian but wrote mostly in arabic - statues in Germany and China is an enough example. But more specifically to Europe, it's just to take a look at Thomas Aquinus texts, which mentions Averroes as much as Aristotle himself - what puts the notion of arabic as a "time capsule, preserving literature form ancient civilisations" as nothing more as racist trash. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.121.249.190 (talk) 06:57, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

There should be Judeo-Arabic literature in there?
Arguably enough, you can say it's Jewish literature. But Saadia Gaon wrote his works in extensive Arabic but he wrote it in the Hebrew script, he was an Arab Jew because he was born in Egypt and Arabic was his native language. I think there should be a section or perhaps a big mention of Judeo-Arabic literature in here. PacificWarrior101 (talk) 04:18, 1 May 2013 (UTC)PacificWarrior101

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Pre-Islamic literature
This article has nothing to say on pre-Islamic Arabic literature, despite its huge influence on later poetry. It needs to be added. Kanjuzi (talk) 20:39, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

Requesting wider attention
I felt article Islamic_literature is in bit of neglect so I added my note on talk page there, requesting to take note of Talk:Islamic_literature. If possible requesting copy edit support. Suggestions for suitable reference sources at Talk:Islamic_literature is also welcome.

Posting message here too for neutrality sake

Thanks and greetings

Bookku (talk) 07:20, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra as part of the Nahda?
20th century writer and translator Jabra Ibrahim Jabra is mentioned in the paragraph on the Nahda. Is he not rather a writer of Arabic modernism, so that his work should be mentioned there? Munfarid1 (talk) 16:41, 30 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think you're right! --Cerebellum (talk) 09:41, 31 July 2021 (UTC)

Africa
Is it worth mentioning that the Arabic script was initially used extensively in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as in Hausa literature, Swahili literature and Yoruba literature? Possibly under a small heading as a side note Alexanderkowal (talk) 01:12, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arabic literature


text:
Len Wein

Leonard Norman Wein (June 12, 1948 – September 10, 2017) was an American comic book writer and editor best known for co-creating DC Comics' Swamp Thing and Marvel Comics' Wolverine, and for helping revive the Marvel superhero team the X-Men (including the co-creation of Nightcrawler, Storm, and Colossus). Additionally, he was the editor for writer Alan Moore and illustrator Dave Gibbons' influential DC miniseries Watchmen.

Wein was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2008.

Early life and education
Wein was born on June 12, 1948, in New York City, and was raised in a Jewish household. One of two children of Phillip and Rosalyn (née Bauman) Wein, he lived in The Bronx until age 7, when he moved with his family to Levittown, New York, on Long Island. There he graduated from Division Avenue High School in 1966, and went on to an art degree from nearby Farmingdale State College. Wein's younger brother, Michael, died in 2007.

In a 2003 interview, Len Wein recalled having been "a very sickly kid. While I was in the hospital at age seven, my dad brought me a stack of comic books to keep me occupied. And I was hooked. When my eighth grade art teacher, Mr. Smedley, told me he thought I had actual art talent, I decided to devote all my efforts in that direction in the hope that I might someday get into the comics biz."

Approximately once a month, as a teenager, Wein and his friend Marv Wolfman took DC Comics' weekly Thursday afternoon tour of the company's offices. Wolfman was active in fanzine culture, and together he and Wein produced sample superhero stories to show to the DC editorial staff. At that point, Wein was more interested in becoming an artist than a writer. In a 2008 interview, Wein said his origins as an artist have helped him "describe art to an artist so that I can see it all in my own head", and claimed he "used to have artists, especially at DC, guys like Irv Novick and a few of the others, who would come into the office waiting for their next assignment and ask [editor] Julie Schwartz, 'Do you have any Len Wein scripts lying around? He's always easy to draw.'"

Career
DC editor Joe Orlando hired both Wolfman and Wein as freelance writers. Wein's first professional comics story was "Eye of the Beholder" in DC's Teen Titans #18 (Dec. 1968), for which he co-created, with Wolfman, Red Star, the first official Russian superhero in the DC universe. Neal Adams was called upon to rewrite and redraw a Teen Titans story which had been written by Wein and Wolfman. The story, titled "Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho!", would have introduced DC's first African American superhero but was rejected by publisher Carmine Infantino. The revised story appeared in Teen Titans #20 (April 1969).

Later that year, Wein was writing anthological mystery stories for DC's The House of Secrets and Marvel's Tower of Shadows and Chamber of Darkness. He additionally began writing for DC's romance comic Secret Hearts and the company's toyline tie-in Hot Wheels; Skywald Publications' horror-comics magazines Nightmare and Psycho and its short-lived Western comic books The Bravados and The Sundance Kid; and Gold Key Comics' Mod Wheels, Boris Karloff Tales of Mystery, the toyline tie-in Microbots, and the TV-series tie-ins Star Trek and The Twilight Zone.

DC and Marvel Comics
Wein's first superhero work for Marvel was a one-off story in Daredevil #71 (Dec. 1970) co-written with staff writer/editor Roy Thomas. Wein later began scripting sporadic issues of such DC superhero titles as Adventure Comics (featuring Supergirl and Zatanna), The Flash, and Superman, while continuing to write anthological mysteries, along with well-received stories for the semi-anthological occult title The Phantom Stranger #14–26 (Aug. 1971 – Sept. 1973).

Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson created the horror character the Swamp Thing in The House of Secrets #92 (July 1971). Over the next several decades, the Swamp Thing would star in DC series and miniseries – including an initial 1972–76 series begun by Wein and Wrightson, and the early 1980s The Saga of the Swamp Thing, edited by Wein and featuring early work by writer Alan Moore—as well as two theatrical films, and a syndicated television series. Abigail Arcane, a major supporting character in the character's mythos, was introduced by Wein and Wrightson in Swamp Thing #3 (March 1973). Wein wrote the second story featuring Man-Thing (written circa May 1971, published in June 1972), introducing Barbara Morse and the concept that "Whatever Knows Fear Burns at the Man-Thing's Touch!", and later edited Steve Gerber's run on that title.

Wein wrote a well-regarded run of Justice League of America (issues #100–114) wherein, together with artist Dick Dillin, he re-introduced the Seven Soldiers of Victory in issues #100–102 and the Freedom Fighters in issues #107–108. Libra, a supervillain created by Wein and Dillin in Justice League of America #111 (June 1974), would play a leading role in Grant Morrison's Final Crisis storyline in 2008.

In the fall of 1972, Wein and writers Gerry Conway and Steve Englehart crafted a metafictional unofficial crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont. Beginning in Marvel's Amazing Adventures #16 (by Englehart with art by Bob Brown and Frank McLaughlin), the story continued in DC's Justice League of America #103 (by Wein, Dillin and Dick Giordano), and concluded in Marvel's Thor #207 (by Conway and penciler John Buscema). As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back – it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel – I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do."

Wein co-created the Human Target with artist Carmine Infantino and wrote the character's appearances as a backup feature in Action Comics, Detective Comics, and The Brave and the Bold. The character was adapted into a short-lived ABC television series starring Rick Springfield which debuted in July 1992, and was briefly revived in 2010 for a two-season series on Fox that starred Mark Valley, Chi McBride, and Jackie Earle Haley.

He briefly wrote the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics and produced a storyline with artist Jim Aparo and in which Batman was framed for the murder of Talia al Ghul and battled Sterling Silversmith for the first time.

In the early 1970s, Wein began writing regularly for Marvel Comics. He succeeded Roy Thomas as editor-in-chief of the color-comics line in 1974, staying a little over a year before handing the reins to Wolfman. Remaining at Marvel as a writer, Wein had lengthy runs on Marvel Team-Up, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Incredible Hulk, Thor, and Fantastic Four, as well as shorter runs on such titles as The Defenders and "Brother Voodoo". Wein co-created Wolverine with artist John Romita Sr. during his run on The Incredible Hulk. Wein's story "Between Hammer and Anvil" from The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #182 (Dec. 1974) was later cited in Tony Isabella's book 1,000 Comics You Must Read.

In 1975, he and artist Dave Cockrum revived the Stan Lee / Jack Kirby mutant-superhero team the X-Men after a half-decade's hiatus, reformatting the membership in Giant-Size X-Men #1 (May 1975). Among the characters the duo created for the series were Nightcrawler, Storm, Colossus, and Thunderbird. Wein plotted the early "new X-Men" stories with artist Cockrum. These issues were then scripted as Uncanny X-Men #94-95 by Chris Claremont, who subsequently developed the title into one of Marvel's leading franchises. In 2009, Claremont said, "The history of modern comics would be incredibly different if you took [Wein's] contributions out of the mix. The fact he doesn't get credit for it half the time is disgraceful. We owe a lot of what we are – certainly on the X-Men – to Len and to Dave [Cockrum]".

Return to DC
In 1977, following an offer to script the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics, Wein left Marvel to work exclusively at DC Comics as a scriptwriter and editor.

He scripted Batman and collaborated on Green Lantern with artists Dave Gibbons and Mark Farmer. On his first issue of Batman, #307 (Jan. 1979), he created Wayne Foundation executive Lucius Fox, later portrayed by Morgan Freeman in the movies Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises. With artist Marshall Rogers, Wein co-created the third version of the supervillain Clayface in Detective Comics #478 (Aug. 1978). He wrote The Untold Legend of the Batman, the first Batman miniseries, in 1980 and the following year wrote a DC-Marvel crossover between Batman and the Hulk in DC Special Series #27 (Fall 1981). Pandora Pann was a proposed series by Wein and artist Ross Andru which was to have been published in 1982 but other commitments prevented Wein from writing it and the project was cancelled. As editor, he worked on the first twelve-issue limited series Camelot 3000, and such successful series as The New Teen Titans, All-Star Squadron, Batman and the Outsiders, Who's Who in the DC Universe, and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons's acclaimed and highly influential Watchmen. In 1986, he wrote a revival of the Blue Beetle, two issues of the DC Challenge limited series, and dialogued the miniseries Legends over the plots of John Ostrander. The following year, Wein scripted the rebooted Wonder Woman series over penciller George Pérez's plots. With artist Steve Erwin, Wein co-created the superhero Gunfire.

Later career
Following his second stint at DC and a move to the West Coast, Wein served as editor-in-chief of Disney Comics for three years in the early 1990s. After leaving Disney, Wein began writing and story editing for such animated television series as X-Men, Batman, Spider-Man, Street Fighter, ExoSquad, Phantom 2040, Godzilla, Pocket Dragon Adventures, ReBoot and War Planets: Shadow Raiders. In 2001, he and Wolfman wrote the screenplay Gene Pool for the production company Helkon, and later wrote a prequel to the screenplay for a one-shot comic book for IDW Publishing.

Wein collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek and artist Kelley Jones on the four-issue miniseries Conan: The Book of Thoth for Dark Horse Comics. He scripted the comics series The Victorian for Penny-Farthing Press and wrote comic-book stories for Bongo Comics' TV-series tie-ins The Simpsons and Futurama.

From 2005 to 2008, Wein appeared as a recurring panelist on the Los Angeles-based stage revival of the TV game show What's My Line? He wrote episodes of the Cartoon Network animated series Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, Ben 10: Omniverse and the Marvel Super Hero Squad.

Wein was interviewed for commentary tracks on comics-related DVDs, including the animated Justice League: The New Frontier film, the live-action Spider-Man, Fantastic Four and X-Men films, the X-Men Origins: Wolverine film, the Watchmen film, the Swamp Thing TV-series sets, the Human Target first season TV series, and the July 2008 History Channel specials Batman Unmasked and Batman Tech.

He wrote the storyline for the Watchmen video game, The End Is Nigh, which serves as a backstory to both the comic and the film adaptation. Wein returned to comics writing for DC in the late 2000s, where he collaborated in the DC Comics nostalgic event DC Retroactive writing stories for the one-shot specials Batman – The '70s (September 2011) drawn by Tom Mandrake and Green Lantern – The '80s (October 2011) drawn by Joe Staton. The hardcover collection of his 10-issue DC Universe: Legacies was published in August 2011. In 2012, Wein worked on the Before Watchmen project, writing the mini-series Ozymandias with art by Jae Lee and the serialized feature "Curse of the Crimson Corsair" with art by Watchmen colorist John Higgins. The hardcover collection of the Ozymandias storyline spent several weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List in 2013. In 2015, he and José Luis García-López produced Batman '66: The Lost Episode, a comics adaptation of a Two-Face story pitch by Harlan Ellison originally intended for the Batman television series. In 2016, DC published a six-issue limited Swamp Thing series by Wein and artist Kelley Jones.

Personal life
Wein's first wife was Glynis Oliver, a comics colorist who spent years on the X-Men titles; they were married some time prior to 1972. Following their 1985 divorce, he married Christine Valada, a photographer and attorney, in 1991, and became stepfather to Michael Bieniewicz-Valada.

On April 6, 2009, Wein's California home burned down with considerable loss of property and mementos, including his Shazam Awards. He and his wife also lost their dog, Sheba, to the fire. Beginning October 26, 2009, Valada appeared on and won the television game show Jeopardy!, becoming a four-time champion with winnings of over $60,000. She indicated on the show that she would use the money to recover or replace much of the artwork and books the couple lost in the fire.

Wein underwent triple-bypass heart surgery on February 10, 2015. He died on September 10, 2017.

Awards

 * 1972:
 * Shazam Award for Best Writer (Dramatic) for Swamp Thing
 * Shazam Award (with Bernie Wrightson) for Best Individual Story (Dramatic), for "Dark Genesis" in Swamp Thing #1
 * 1973:
 * Shazam Award (with Bernie Wrightson) for Best Continuing Feature for Swamp Thing
 * (nomination) Shazam Award for Best Writer (Dramatic) for Swamp Thing
 * (nomination) Shazam Award (with Bernie Wrighton) for Best Individual Story (Dramatic) for "A Clockwork Horror" in Swamp Thing #6
 * Comic Fan Art Award (nomination) for Favorite Pro Writer
 * 1974:
 * Comic Fan Art Award for Favorite Pro Writer
 * Comic Fan Art Award (with Bernie Wrightson and Joe Orlando) for Favorite Comic-Book Story for "Night of the Bat" in Swamp Thing #7
 * 1977 Inkpot Award
 * 1982 Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for Best Editor
 * 1998 (nomination) Bram Stoker Award, given by the Horror Writers Association, for the one-shot The Dreaming: Trial and Error, from DC's Vertigo imprint
 * 2008 Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame

Bongo Comics

 * Futurama Comics #30 (2007)
 * Simpsons Comics #129, 138 (2007, 2008)
 * Treehouse of Horror #11, 19 (2005, 2013)

Comico

 * Justice Machine #27–29, Annual #1 (1989)

DC Comics

 * Action Comics #419–420, 422–423, 425–426, 429, 432 (Human Target); #515 (Atom); #519 (Aquaman) (1972–1981)
 * Adventure Comics #413–415, 418–420 (Supergirl and Zatanna features); #457–458 (Eclipso; #459 Deadman, and Elongated Man features); #460–466 (Deadman), #467–468 (Plastic Man) (1971–1980)
 * The Adventures of Jerry Lewis #109 (1968)
 * All-Star Western #11 (El Diablo) (1972)
 * Batman #255, 307–310, 312–319, 321—324, 326–327 (1974–1980)
 * Batman '66: The Lost Episode #1 (2015)
 * Batman: A Word to the Wise #1 (promo) (1992)
 * Batman Black and White vol. 2 #5 (2014)
 * Batman: Hidden Treasures #1 (afterword) (2010)
 * Batman: Nevermore #1–5 (2003)
 * Before Watchmen: Comedian #1–2 (2012)
 * Before Watchmen: Dollar Bill #1 (2013)
 * Before Watchmen: Minutemen #1–2 (2012)
 * Before Watchmen: Nite Owl #1–2 (2012)
 * Before Watchmen: Ozymandias #1–6 (2012–2013)
 * Before Watchmen: Rorschach #1 (2012)
 * Before Watchmen: Silk Spectre #1–2 (2012)
 * Blue Beetle #1–24 (1986–1988)
 * The Brave and the Bold #143–144 (Human Target) (1978)
 * Cancelled Comic Cavalcade #2 (Deadman) (1978)
 * Convergence: Detective Comics #1–2 (2015)
 * Convergence: Swamp Thing #1–2 (2015)
 * Crisis on Infinite Earths #1 (1985)
 * Danger Trail #1–4 (1993)
 * DC Challenge #2, 12 (1985–1986)
 * DC Comics Presents #4–5, 24, 27–29, 38, 61, 66–67 (1978–1984)
 * DC Comics Presents: Batman #1 (2004)
 * DC Retroactive: Batman – The '70s #1 (2011)
 * DC Retroactive: Green Lantern – The '80s #1 (2011)
 * DC Special Series #27 (Batman/Hulk intercompany crossover) (1981)
 * DC Universe: Legacies #1–10 (2010–2011)
 * Deathstroke, the Terminator #18, Annual #2 (1993)
 * Detective Comics #408, 444–448, 466, 478–479, 500, 514 (Batman); #426 (Elongated Man); #479–480 (Hawkman); #482–485 (Etrigan the Demon); #483–484, 486, 493 (Human Target); #500 (Slam Bradley) (1971–1982)
 * The Dreaming Special #1 (1998)
 * Final Crisis: Secret Files #1 (2009)
 * The Flash #208, 212, 215, 217 (1971–1972)
 * Green Lantern vol. 2 #128, 172–183, 185–186 (1980–1985)
 * Green Lantern Annual #5 (1996)
 * Gunfire #1–13 (1994–1995)
 * Heroes Against Hunger #1 (1986)
 * Hot Wheels #4–6 (1970–1971)
 * House of Mystery #191, 197, 199, 221, 223, 276, 300, 303 (1971–1982)
 * House of Secrets #84–85, 92, 94–98, 127 (1970–1975)
 * Human Target #1–6 (2010)
 * JLA 80-Page Giant #2 (1999)
 * Jonah Hex #49, 51–52 (1981)
 * Justice League Dark: Futures End #1 (2014)
 * Justice League of America #100–114, Annual #1 (1972–1983)
 * Justice League of America vol. 2 #29–30, 35–37 (2009)
 * Justice League Special #1 (1990)
 * Justice League: Cry for Justice #1–2, 4–6 (backup stories) (2009–2010)
 * Korak, Son of Tarzan #46–51 (1972–1973)
 * Legends #1–6 (1986–1987)
 * Legends of Tomorrow (Metal Men feature) #1–6 (2016)
 * Mister Miracle vol. 2 #7–13 (1989–1990)
 * Mystery in Space #113 (1980)
 * The New Titans #88 (1992)
 * Phantom Stranger vol. 2 #14–26 (1971–1973)
 * Secret Hearts #149 (1971)
 * Secret Origins vol. 2 #2, 19, 44 (1986–1989)
 * The Shadow #4 (1974)
 * Showcase '93 #1–2, 10 (1993)
 * Showcase '94 #1–2 (1994)
 * Sinister House of Secret Love #2 (1971)
 * Star Trek #31–37, 39–40 (1986–1987)
 * Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #246–247 (1978–1979)
 * Supergirl #1–2 (Zatanna backup stories) (1972–1973)
 * Superman #246, 248, 251, 254, 258, 336–342, 344, 370–371, Special #3 (1971–1985)
 * Superman/Batman Annual #3 (2009)
 * Swamp Thing #1–13 (1972–1974)
 * Swamp Thing miniseries #1–6 (2016)
 * Swamp Thing Winter Special #1 (2018) (Posthumous release)
 * Tales of the Green Lantern Corps #1–3 (1981)
 * Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Annual #1 (1985)
 * Teen Titans #18 (1968)
 * Trinity of Sin: The Phantom Stranger #19 (2014)
 * The Untold Legend of the Batman #1–3 (1980)
 * Weird War Tales #3, 10, 22–23, 30, 36, 40, 108 (1972–1982)
 * Weird Worlds #1–3 (1972)
 * The Witching Hour #13 (1971)
 * Wonder Woman #212 (1974)
 * Wonder Woman vol. 2 #3–16 (1987–1988)
 * World's Finest Comics #207–208 (1971)

Dark Horse

 * Conan: The Book of Thoth #1–4 (with Kurt Busiek) (2006)

Defiant Comics

 * Dark Dominion #1–3, 5–7, 10 (1993–1994)
 * The Good Guys #8 (1994)
 * Warriors of Plasm #5–7 (1993–1994)
 * Warriors of Plasm Graphic Novel #1 (1993)

Disney Comics

 * Dick Tracy #3 (1990)

Eclipse Comics

 * Airboy #38–40 (1988)

Gold Key

 * The Twillight Zone #35–37, 39–41, 47, 73, 79 (1973–1979)

IDW Publishing

 * Gene Pool OGN (with Marv Wolfman) (2003)

Image Comics

 * 21 #1–3 (1996)
 * Cyberforce/Strykeforce: Opposing Forces #2 (with Steve Gerber) (1995)
 * Outlaw Territory (anthology) Volume 2 (2011)
 * Supreme Annual #1 (1995)

Marvel Comics

 * 2099 Unlimited #10 (1995)
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #151–180, Annual #10 (1975–1978)
 * Astonishing Tales #8 (1971)
 * Chamber of Darkness #6 (1970)
 * Conan the Barbarian #116 (1980)
 * Creatures on the Loose #11, 13 (1971)
 * Daredevil #124 (1975)
 * The Defenders #7, #12–19 (1973–1975)
 * Dracula Lives #8 (1974)
 * Fantastic Four #154–156, 182, 184–188, 191–194 (1975–1978)
 * Giant-Size Chillers #1, 3 (1975)
 * Giant-Size Defenders #2 (1974)
 * Giant-Size Man-Thing #5 (1975)
 * Giant-Size Spider-Man #1–2 (1974)
 * Giant-Size X-Men #1 (1975)
 * The Incredible Hulk #179–220, 222, Annual #5–6 (1974–1978)
 * Iron Man #82–85 (1976)
 * Kull the Conqueror #8 (1973)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #11, 47, 53–56, 67, 69 (1989–1991)
 * Marvel Feature #11 (1973)
 * Marvel Premiere #16 (1974)
 * Marvel Preview #2, 10 (1975–1977)
 * Marvel Spotlight #30 (1976)
 * Marvel Team-Up #12–27 (1973–1974)
 * Midnight Sons Unlimited #1 (1993)
 * Power Man #17–19, 21 (1974)
 * Savage Tales #6 (1974)
 * Shadows and Light #1 (1998)
 * Spoof #1 (1970)
 * Strange Tales #169–174 (1973–1974)
 * Tales of the Zombie #6 (1973)
 * Thor #213, 242–253, 255–271, Annual #6 (1973–1978)
 * Tower of Shadows #3 (1970)
 * Ultraforce vol. 2 #10–15 (1996)
 * Ultraverse Unlimited #2 (1996)
 * Uncanny Origins #12, 14 (1997)
 * Werewolf by Night #5–8 (1973)
 * Western Gunfighters #5–7 (1971–1972)
 * Worlds Unknown #7–8 (1974)
 * X-Men #94–95 (1975)
 * X-Men: Black Sun #2 (2000)
 * X-Men: Gold #1 (2014)

Skywald Publications

 * Blazing Six-Guns #1–2 (1971)
 * Bravados #1 (1971)
 * Nightmare #1 (1970)
 * Sundance Kid #1 (1971)

Warren Publishing

 * Vampirella #10 (1971)

Television

 * The Transformers (1986)
 * Batman: The Animated Series (1992)
 * X-Men: The Animated Series (1993-1994, 1997)
 * Conan and the Young Warriors (1994)
 * Exosquad (1994)
 * Phantom 2040 (1994-1995)
 * G.I. Joe Extreme (1995)
 * Iron Man (1995)
 * Ultraforce (1995)
 * Spider-Man (1995-1996)
 * Gargoyles (1996)
 * Hypernauts (1996)
 * Street Fighter (1996)
 * The Incredible Hulk (1996)
 * Beast Wars: Transformers (1997)
 * Mummies Alive! (1997)
 * ReBoot (1997-1999)
 * Godzilla: The Series (1998)
 * Pocket Dragon Adventures (1998)
 * RoboCop: Alpha Commando (1998-1999)
 * Shadow Raiders (1998-1999)
 * Avengers: United They Stand (1999)
 * Beast Machines: Transformers (2000)
 * Kong: The Animated Series (2000)
 * Action Man (2001)
 * Kappa Mikey (2006)
 * Ben 10: Alien Force (2009-2010)
 * Ben 10: Ultimate Alien (2010)
 * The Super Hero Squad Show (2011)
 * Ben 10: Omniverse (2012-2014)
 * Beware the Batman (2014)
 * Avengers Assemble (2015)
 * Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2016-2017)

title: Len Wein


text:
DeVry University

DeVry University is a privately owned for-profit university with its headquarters in Naperville, Illinois. It was founded in 1931 by Herman A. DeVry and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. DeVry is predominantly an online educator but does have campuses in the United States.

Early history (1931–1970)
DeVry was founded in 1931 as the De Forest Training School in Chicago, Illinois. School founder Herman A. DeVry, who had previously invented a motion picture projector and produced educational and training films, named the school after his friend Lee de Forest. De Forest Training School originally taught projector and radio repair, but later expanded to include other electronic equipment such as televisions. After its founder's death in March 1941, the school was renamed DeVry Technical Institute in 1953 and gained accreditation to confer associate degrees in electronics in 1957.

Bell & Howell completed its acquisition of DeVry Technical Institute in 1967. A year later, the company acquired the Ohio Institute of Technology and DeVry was renamed DeVry Institute of Technology, which was accredited to confer bachelor's degrees in electronics in 1969.

Keller Graduate School of Management (1970–1990)
Dennis Keller and Ronald Taylor met one another in the early 1970s when the two were teachers at DeVry. Keller and Taylor learned the economics of for-profit education while at DeVry and, in 1973, the two founded the Keller Graduate School of Management with $150,000 in loans from friends and family. The school was originally conceived as a day school that granted certificates. In 1976, the Keller School became an evening program offering MBAs, focused on working adults. The school was fully accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in 1977, becoming the first for-profit school to be accredited by the body.

DeVry first received full accreditation in 1981. The Keller Graduate School of Management acquired DeVry from Bell & Howell in 1987. The leveraged buyout was worth $147.4 million. The two schools were combined as DeVry Inc., with Keller acting as chairman and CEO and Taylor as president and COO.

DeVry Education Group (1990–2018)
DeVry Inc. successfully completed its initial public offering on June 21, 1991. In 1992, DeVry lost the highest scoring basketball game in history to Troy State University (now Troy University), 258 to 141.

In 1995, its stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

In 1996, DeVry acquired Becker CPA Review—a firm that prepared students for the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination—for an undisclosed amount of cash, the tentative purchase price of which was US$18.685 million (about ). In 2003, DeVry acquired Ross University, a medical and veterinary school based in the Caribbean, for a price variously reported at US$310 million (about US$ in ) and US$329 million (US$ in ). DeVry moved into the nursing field in March 2005 with the acquisition of Deaconess College of Nursing, a St. Louis-based nursing college that conferred both associate's and bachelor's degrees in nursing, at a price variously reported at about US$5.3 million (US$ in ) and US$5.4 million (US$ in ). Deaconess College of Nursing was later renamed Chamberlain College of Nursing.

DeVry Inc. entered Brazil with its 2009 acquisition of Faculdade Nordeste (FANOR), Ruy Barbosa and ÁREA 1, which are universities located in the Northeast of Brazil.

In 2010, DeVry University had nearly 90 campus learning sites in 26 states and more than 7,000 employees. The parent company had more than 12,000 employees. DeVry University's undergraduate enrollment reached 68,290 students by the summer of 2010.

In 2012, the university acquired Faculdade Boa Viagem and Faculdade do Vale do Ipojuca. DeVry acquired a sixth Brazilian university, Faculdade Differencial Integral, in 2013. DeVry Inc. was renamed DeVry Education Group later that year. DeVry Education Group changed its name to Adtalem Global Education in May 2017, and announced in December 2017 that they would hand off DeVry University and Keller Graduate School to Cogswell Education (a division of Palm Ventures) for no upfront cost, pending regulatory and accreditor approval.

In December 2018, the parent company Adtalem finalized the handover of both DeVry University and Keller Graduate School of Management to Cogswell Education.

Cogswell Education (2018–present)
DeVry University's parent company is Cogswell Education, LLC. Cogswell purchased DeVry at no original cost from Adtalem Education. However, Cogswell could pay up to US$20 million. Cogswell Education is headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut. The principal investor is Bradley Palmer of Palm Ventures. Mr. Palmer has been involved in flipping Heald College, UEI College, and American Education Center.

In December 2018, in a report titled VA's Oversight of State Approving Agency Program Monitoring for Post-9/11 GI Bill Students, the Department of Veterans Office of Inspector General mentioned DeVry's use of false claims. However the Veterans Affairs office did not indicate that any action would be forthcoming.

In 2020, Tom Monahan III became president and CEO of DeVry.

In 2022, the US government discharged more than $71 million in student loan debt for 1,800 former students of DeVry University, asserting that the university deceived students in the enrollment process.

In 2023, Elise Awwad became the first female President and CEO of DeVry. The main campus and headquarters were moved to Lisle, Illinois.

Devry has a case pending in Illinois challenging borrower defense to repayment (fraud) claims against the school. More than 30,000 fraud claims have been filed against DeVry.

Locations and campus closures
Between 2020 and 2022, all DeVry campuses were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. DeVry University has a presence at one military installation at Twentynine Palms, California. List of DeVry campuses and learning centers, :

Arizona (73 students)
 * Phoenix Campus

California (1,677 students)
 * Folsom Campus
 * Newark Campus
 * Ontario Campus
 * San Diego Campus
 * San Jose Center
 * Sherman Oaks Campus
 * Twentynine Palms Military Base Extension

Florida (294 students) Georgia (532 students) Illinois (26,384 students, includes online) Nevada (10 students)
 * Orlando Campus
 * Decatur Campus
 * Addison Campus
 * Chicago Campus
 * Chicago Loop Campus
 * Naperville Center
 * Henderson Campus

New Jersey (95 students) New York (586 students) Ohio (226 students) Texas (108 students) Virginia (76 students)
 * Iselin Campus
 * Midtown Manhattan Campus
 * Columbus Campus
 * Irving Campus
 * San Antonio Campus
 * Arlington Campus

Campus closures
In April 2015, DeVry University announced the closing of 14 campuses around the United States by 2016. The closures occurred in Kansas City; Memphis; Houston; St. Louis; Tampa; Greenwood Village, Colorado; Edina, Minnesota; Milwaukee; and Maryland Heights, Missouri. Students affected by the campus closings were eligible for discounted tuition to attend online or other campus locations for the remainder of their degree program. In fiscal year 2018, DeVry closed eight additional campuses. According to the US Department of Education, DeVry closed five more campuses between 2019 and 2020. In 2021, Raleigh (NC), Merrillville (IN), Paramus (NJ) and Cleveland (OH) sites were closed. In 2022, at least 15 additional campuses closed.

Academics
DeVry University offers undergraduate and graduate programs onsite and online within its six areas of study: Accounting, Business, Healthcare, Technology, Liberal Arts, and Media Arts & Technology.

DeVry operates on a uniform academic calendar for both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The university's academic calendar consists of six eight-week sessions. Most degree programs are offered at both the associate's and bachelor's level. In addition, the institution offers various certificate programs in specific subfields such as information technology.

Courses and programs are also offered online. DeVry has offered graduate classes online since 1998 and undergraduate classes since 2001.

Faculty
The US Department of Education's College Navigator reports 61 full-time faculty and 765 part-time instructors for 26,384 students at DeVry-Illinois.

Accreditation
DeVry is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Engineering technology programs are accredited campus-by-campus.

Student outcomes
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, DeVry University-Illinois has a six-year graduation rate of 28%, for first-time full-time students who began their studies in 2013. While the university's 3-year student loan default rate is 11.2%, a Brookings Institution report found that DeVry's 5-year default rate was 43%. The College Scorecard reports of a graduation rate of 18% for DeVry University-Illinois. Of those students in repayment, 31% were in forbearance, 29% were not making progress, 10% were in deferment, 10% defaulted, 10% were making progress, 6% were delinquent, 3% were paid in full, and 1% were discharged. For the 2018–19 academic year, the amount that all undergraduate students received in federal student loans was $69.42 million. Median salary after attending ranges from $23,000 to $62,000 depending on the field of study and location.

Investigations, lawsuits, and settlements
DeVry University has been the subject of numerous investigations and lawsuits alleging a variety of false or deceptive practices. Some of the cases led to multi-million dollar settlements, though DeVry continued to deny the allegations. In 2014, accumulated student loan debt from DeVry University and Keller, its graduate school, was about $12.1 billion.

1990s
In March 1995, DeVry's ability to grant U.S. degrees through its Calgary facilities was discussed during a session of the Alberta Legislative Assembly. Therein, Grant Mitchell—then the Leader of the Opposition for the Alberta Liberal Party—accused the Premier of Alberta, Ralph Klein, of maintaining a conflict of interest with DeVry through his relationship with John Ballheim, who was at the time an executive at DeVry serving as both the president of DeVry's Calgary campus and as a member of the Klein's special advisory council on postsecondary education. Klein denied any conflict of interest. In 1995, DeVry was also suspended from the Ontario Student Assistance Program after a large number of its students misreported their income. DeVry was reinstated after paying fines of CA$1.7 million (equivalent to CA$ in ) to Ontario and putting up a letter of credit totalling CA$2 million (CA$ in ).

In 1996, students of DeVry's Toronto campus filed a class-action suit of CA$400,000 (CA$ in ) claiming poor educational quality and job preparation; the suit was dismissed on technical grounds.

2000s
In November 2000, Afshin Zarinebaf, Ali Mousavi, and another graduate of one of DeVry University's Chicago-area campuses filed a class-action lawsuit accusing DeVry of widespread deception, unlawful business practices, and false advertising, alleging that students were not being prepared for high-tech jobs. The lawsuit contributed to a 20% slide in the company's stock. The suit was not certified and the case was resolved for less than US$25,000 (US$ in ) in June 2006.

In 2001, DeVry became the first for-profit college or university to obtain permission from the Alberta Canada provincial government to grant degrees, on recommendation by the Private Colleges Accreditation Board. This decision was opposed by the Alberta New Democrats (sitting in opposition), the University of Calgary Faculty Association, the Canadian Federation of Students, and the Canadian Association of University Teachers.

In January 2002, Royal Gardner, a graduate of one of DeVry University's Los Angeles–area campuses, filed a class-action complaint against DeVry Inc. and DeVry University, Inc. on behalf of students in the post-baccalaureate degree program in Information Technology. The suit alleged that the nature of the program was misrepresented by the advertising. The lawsuit was dismissed and refiled. During the first quarter of 2004, a new complaint was filed in the same court by Gavino Teanio with the same general allegations. This action was stayed pending the outcome of the Gardner lawsuit. The lawsuits were being settled in late 2006.

In April 2007, the states of New York, Illinois, and Missouri settled with three institutions that were participating in questionable student-loan practices. DeVry, Career Education Corporation, and Washington University in St. Louis were involved with the settlement. DeVry agreed to refund US$88,122 (US$ in ) it received in revenue sharing from Citibank to students.

In 2008, DeVry was accused of filing false claims and statements about recruitment pay and performance to the government of the United States.

2010s
DeVry was one of the universities highlighted in the 2018 documentary Fail State, which followed several stories of students who struggled with student loan debt after attending for-profit colleges. Murray Hastie, an Iraq War veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder, told his story about how he ended up with $50,000 in student loan debt after his experience at DeVry.

In January 2013, a lawsuit was filed by a former manager at DeVry which alleged that the college bribed students for positive performance reviews and worked around federal regulations on for-profit colleges. In April 2013, the attorneys general of Illinois and Massachusetts issued subpoenas to DeVry to investigate for violations of federal law and filing false information about loans, grants, and guarantees. In July 2014, DeVry stated that the office of the New York Attorney General was investigating whether the company's marketing violated laws against false advertising.

In March 2016, the Veterans Administration reprimanded DeVry over allegations of deceptive marketing practices made by the Federal Trade Commission and suspended DeVry University from its "Principles of Excellence" status under the G.I. Bill. On December 15, 2016, the Federal Trade Commission settled a US$100 million suit against DeVry, which alleged that DeVry's advertisements deceived consumers about the likelihood that students would find jobs in their fields of study, and would earn more than those graduating with bachelor's degrees from other colleges or universities. Students were eligible for a refund who: enrolled in a bachelor's or associate degree program at DeVry University between January 1, 2008, and October 1, 2015; paid at least US$5,000 with cash, loans, or military benefits; did not get debt or loan forgiveness as part of this settlement; and completed at least one class credit.

Separately, on June 16, 2016, two former DeVry students filed a demand for arbitration with the American Arbitration Association. DeVry responded by suing the students, claiming the dispute belongs in court and not in arbitration.

In May 2017, the Higher Learning Commission designated DeVry "under governmental investigation" as a result of a Massachusetts Attorney General investigation alleging "fraudulent or deceptive practices". In September 2017, the Higher Learning Commission removed this designation after DeVry negotiated a settlement.

In August 2018, the Associated Press reported that according to United States Department of Education documents, DeVry received more than 3,600 (over 15%) of the 24,000 federal fraud complaints lodged against for-profit colleges between January 20, 2017, and April 30, 2018. This is in conjunction with a "nearly 20 percent" decrease in enrollment in the last year.

In March 2019, former DeVry student Eric Luongo was invited to testify before the House Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies about his experience at the university. Luongo, a disabled veteran, said he thought he would attend DeVry for free by using his GI Bill benefits. Luongo alleged that he was coerced into filling out federal loan paperwork and signing promissory notes. The result was that the veteran was left with over $100,000 in debt and a degree in graphic design that couldn't get him gainful employment.

2020s
In 2022, DeVry University was one of 153 institutions included in student loan cancellation due to alleged fraud. The class action was brought by a group of more than 200,000 student borrowers, assisted by the Project on Predatory Student Lending, part of the Legal Services Center of Harvard Law School. A settlement was approved in August 2022, stating that the schools on the list included "substantial misconduct by the listed schools, whether credibly alleged or in some instances proven." In April 2023, the Supreme Court rejected a challenge to the settlement and allowed to proceed the debt cancellation due to alleged fraud.

Alumni
Notable DeVry University alumni include:

Keller Graduate School of Management alumni:
 * Dave Bennett, Class of 1985, software engineer and CTO
 * Steve Cartwright, Class of 1977, video game designer
 * David Crane, Class of 1975, founder and CTO of Appstar Games
 * Wendell Gilliard, politician, attended Bell and Howell School of Technology
 * Adeline Gray, three-time world champion wrestler
 * George Weah, President of Liberia and retired soccer player, attended DeVry in Miami
 * Sean Wiley, Class of 1993, Pennsylvania state senator
 * Catherine Afeku, Ghanaian politician and Cabinet Minister
 * J. D. Mesnard, politician, MPA from Keller Graduate School of Management
 * Gabriela Mosquera, New Jersey General Assemblywoman
 * Xavier Serbiá, Puerto Rican financial advisor, former singer and actor, member of boy band Menudo from 1980 to 1983.

Past partnerships and political interests
In 2011, DeVry University partnered with the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to become an official education provider for the United States' Olympic teams. In April 2016, the USOC announced an extension of its partnership with DeVry through 2020. According to the USOC, more than 125 Team USA student athletes were enrolled in DeVry programs.

In April 2014, DeVry University was named the "official education provider" for NFL Pro Legends, a group supporting players, coaches and other professionals who worked for NFL teams.

DeVry University was the official education and career development partner of Minor League Baseball. DeVry University and its Keller Graduate School of Management will provide higher education opportunities at the undergraduate and graduate levels for players, their spouses, umpires and National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (NAPBL) employees and alumni through 2017.

The peak year for DeVry's lobbying in Congress was 2011, when it spent more than $720,000. The largest amount went to Thompson Coburn LLP. Democratic lobbyist Heather Podesta was a major lobbyist for DeVry University from 2010 to 2015.

Adtalem's stock price rebounded after the inauguration of Donald Trump. This has been attributed to deregulation by the U.S. Department of Education under Secretary Betsy DeVos, which contrasted with the more prosecutorial approach of the Obama administration.

title: DeVry University


text:
Talk:Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Untitled
Intending writers could check these sites: http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=10155602
 * robinp 05:41, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I have reverted the addition by 24.210.136.119, which actually belong to the Demographics and Economy sections. olivier 10:09, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

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Humour
Someone should definitely add an article about Bosnian Humour, which can be found even in the hardest of times in our people. Thank you in advance. 77.77.246.32 (talk) 02:34, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 4 April 2019
This is not correct statement: "The Jedinstvo Women's basketball club, based in Tuzla, won the 1979 European Championships in Florence.", see 1988–89 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup. Learned cat (talk) 15:17, 4 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done with thanks, NiciVampireHeart 15:26, 4 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina