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Gretchen Mol

Gretchen Mol (born November 8, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Gillian Darmody in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014). She also appeared in the films Rounders (1998), Celebrity (1998), The Thirteenth Floor (1999), The Notorious Bettie Page (2005)—in which she played the title character—3:10 to Yuma (2007) and Manchester by the Sea (2016).

Early life
Mol was born on November 8, 1972, in Deep River, Connecticut, where her mother, Janet (née Morgan), is an artist and teacher, and her father is a teacher at RHAM High School. She went to high school with Broadway actor Peter Lockyer, with whom she performed in school musicals and plays. Her brother, Jim Mol, is a director and editor in the film industry. Mol attended The American Musical and Dramatic Academy and graduated from the William Esper Studio. She took a job for a while as an usher at Angelika Film Center in New York. She had followed her brother there when he was in NYU film school.

Stage
Mol's acting career began in summer stock theatre in Vermont where she played a variety of roles, including Godspell and 110 in the Shade. She played Jenny in Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things on stage in both London and New York in 2001, in a role she reprised in the film version, released in 2003. The New York Times critic Ben Brantley, in his review of the play (which he disliked), wrote, "[Mol] gives by far the most persuasive performance as the unworldly Jenny, and you wind up feeling for her disproportionately, only because she seems to be entirely there, in the present tense". In 2004, Mol spent a year singing and dancing as Roxie Hart in the Broadway production of Chicago. In 2014–2015, Mol played the role of Emily in the Broadway debut of Ayad Akhtar's Pulitzer-Prize-winning play, Disgraced.

Film
While major roles have been sporadic, Mol has been in more than 30 feature films. She made her film debut in Spike Lee's 1996 film, Girl 6. She said, "I was auditioning for Guiding Light and I was happy I got a Spike Lee movie, which was a tiny part, but all of a sudden I had Spike Lee on my resume. I didn't audition for day player anymore".

After Girl 6, New York filmmaker Abel Ferrara took notice and cast her in two movies, The Funeral (1996) and New Rose Hotel (1998). She had a small role in Donnie Brasco (1997), but by now, she was being typecast as "the girlfriend", which she attempted to change by taking a role opposite Jude Law in Music from Another Room (1998), a romantic comedy. The film went virtually unnoticed by critics and audiences.

In 1998, she appeared in several notable films, including Rounders, starring Matt Damon and Woody Allen's Celebrity opposite Leonardo DiCaprio. In 1998, she also came to prominence when she was featured on the cover of Vanity Fair, dubbed the "It Girl of the Nineties" by the magazine.

For her second film with Woody Allen, 1999's Sweet and Lowdown, she played a minor role which the Greenwich Village Gazette called "notable". She played the female lead role in the 1999 film The Thirteenth Floor. She played the victim of a con artist in the 2003 film Heavy Put-Away, based on the Terry Southern story. In 2006, she shared the lead in a romantic comedy, Puccini for Beginners, in which her character has a lesbian affair.

Mol worked with Mary Harron for two years as the director struggled to finance The Notorious Bettie Page: "I kind of felt like I lived with it for a while; certainly not as long as Mary Harron did but I got a good chance to really feel like I knew something about Bettie so by the time the role was mine and I was on set, I was pretty confident. I felt like I really worked for it."

The next year, 2007, was one of her busiest, with four films in production or in release, including a remake of 3:10 to Yuma starring Russell Crowe, and An American Affair, in which her character, Catherine Caswell, has an affair with John F. Kennedy. When released in February 2009, the film was harshly criticized by New York Times critic Stephen Holden, though he said that Mol's part was "quite well acted".

In April 2008, she began filming Tenure in Philadelphia, working opposite Luke Wilson and Andrew Daly. Though it had received some good reviews after being screened at several film festivals, it was released direct-to-video in February 2010.

Television
Mol's first television work was in a Coca-Cola commercial. Mol had a small role of Maggie Tilton in the 1996 miniseries Dead Man's Walk, based on the Larry McMurtry novel. She also was in a few episodes of Spin City. She was among the three lead actresses in David E. Kelley's 2002 series girls club, though it ended after its second episode due to underwhelming ratings.

She appeared in two TV remakes of classic films: Picnic (2000), in the role of Madge Owens, and The Magnificent Ambersons as Lucy Morgan (2002). She made a Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie in January 2007, starring in The Valley of Light, a story set in post–World War II based on a novel by Terry Kay. It was her second Hallmark production. She had a minor role in Calm at Sunset in 1996.

She played Norah in The Memory Keeper's Daughter which aired on The Lifetime Channel in the U.S. in April 2008.

She played NYPD Officer Annie Norris in the ABC series Life on Mars, the U.S. remake of the British show of the same name. It started airing in the U.S. on October 9, 2008 and ran 17 episodes, concluding on April 1, 2009.

Mol had a recurring role on HBO's Boardwalk Empire as Gillian Darmody, a showgirl at the Beaux Arts and mother and incestuous lover to gangster Jimmy Darmody (played by Michael Pitt). The actress shared two SAG Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series with the cast in 2010 and 2011.

In February 2018, she played attorney Sam Henessy in the Netflix series Seven Seconds. On April 18, 2018, Netflix confirmed the show would not have a second season, deeming it a limited series.

Personal life
Interviewed by the Associated Press in Baltimore in December 2006, Mol commented about how she maintained her confidence as an actress: "It is an ongoing struggle. Confidence is something that sometimes you have and sometimes you don't. And the older you get, hopefully, the more you have some tools to at least fake it".

She married film director Tod Williams on June 1, 2004. Their first child, a son, was born in September 2007. In February 2011, Mol gave birth to their second child, a daughter. Since becoming a mother, Mol has only taken jobs close to her home in New York City. "I told my agent I didn't want to work in L.A., even if it was the greatest job in the world. I didn't want to compromise."

Mol serves as the national spokesperson in the United States for the PMD Foundation, which funds research and awareness of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease, a neurological disorder which affects children worldwide. Mol became involved with PMD after one of her cousins died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (familiarly known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease").

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gretchen Mol


text:
Talk:Staple food

From Vfd
The following text is from Votes for deletion:

Begin quoted text

Staple (cooking)
Typical example of wiktionary term. Pfortuny 16:50, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Staple food, redirect, and then list Staple food here. Anthony DiPierro 17:09, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. These are not staple foods and should be added to Staple food. They could be added as types of food to Food David Thrale 22:58, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

End quoted text

I am redirecting Staple (cooking) to this article, but without merging the text, as it was disputed. It went as follows:

Begin quoted text

A staple is a common cooking substance. Some staples include:

 * Flour
 * Sugar
 * Butter/Margarine
 * Eggs
 * Salt
 * Baking soda
 * Baking powder
 * Vinegar
 * Vegetable oil
 * Yeast
 * Cornmeal
 * Rice
 * Buckwheat
 * Lard

End quoted text

Please add Maize and Corn to this list of staple foods
I'm not an expert; however, Maize (the grain) and Sweet Corn (the vegetable) should be prominantly added as two staple food items on this page. With respect to corn you have corn starch, corn meal and corn syrup which are significant ingredients to many manufactured food products. In the USA, the UK and other places, the poorer folk grow corn in their cornfields and eat corn a lot more than rice, which is listed very prominantly here.;) --Ermeyers 01:07, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

I agree, but I'd go further in reference to cuisines of Mexico and Central America where the combination of maize, rice and pulses is consumed daily-phreed100 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Phreed100 (talk • contribs) 17:23, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

Ermeyers: In the UK, poor people don't grow corn in their cornfields - they don't have cornfields. There are not really any poor subsistence farmers in the UK - poor country people live off benefits the same as poor town people.81.129.22.210 (talk) 11:03, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

Synopsis of major staple food
This table includes a wheat column, but the data appears to be for wheat germ. This same table has been copied into several articles (see my contribs for some others I tagged). I suggest that all the data be verified and then make the table into a separate page which can be transcluded into this and the other articles. Also, the section heading has an odd title.  Sparkie82 ( t • c ) 00:30, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Charts
The charts are impossible to read (maps of the world of kilocalories/person/day) because the units are a non-SI unit of measurement only used in archaic systems. Please update the maps to use SI units, or both. Specifically, the units are not specific i.e. there are two types of calorie and they are not specified. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.64.159.41 (talk) 13:35, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

Misleading table
The table uses the data on which crops are grown the most, not which ones are eaten the most. Especially with crops like Maize which are turned into non-food products, I think this may be misleading. The issue of processed foods is another: do distilled beverages count as consumption of the grain they are produced from? how about processed foods created by separating and chemically altering the composition of the crop?

74.106.81.186 (talk) 09:50, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Sugarcane is the world's largest crop, purely by amount grown (by 2x to amount of corn grown). The table does not include it, in part for reason you mention. In case of corn, yes some 14% was converted to fuel alcohol - but rest went through directly or indirectly as food, and even at 85%, it still remains in the top 10 food staples of the world.

 * The data you seek would be a welcome addition - where every staple is broken down further: how much is directly eaten, how much as processed food (wheaties / flakes / syrup / etc), how much becomes fodder, how much into beverages, etc.? The difficulty is in finding a verifiable source per wiki's WP:RS guidelines that collects this data for the world. If you or someone can find such a source, please contribute. ApostleVonColorado (talk) 15:01, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Definition of staple foods
ApostleVonColorado removed, and I reverted the removal, the mention of fish as a staple food in some communities. The apparent justification was that fish is not a staple by definition, because staple foods are essentially energy sources, rather than protein etc. It certainly is true that most staples are high-energy plant materials such as grains and starchy roots, but this is rather a consequence of the fact that those are the commonest sources of food suitable for staple diets, especially in the poorer communities worldwide. Where the fish is what is available, it most certainly can be a staple. The term staple simply means main or major, as in a supporting pillar. Please discuss before reverting in turn.JonRichfield (talk) 18:18, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Here is European Union's standard definition of staple food: 'most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply...'

 * Here is Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations' has the same definition for staple food, with emphasis on 'energy/calorie' supply on a 'regular' basis. See page 21 of FAO's Dimensions of Need (ISBN: 92-5-103737-X, Editor: Tony Loftas, 1995).

 * If you have a reliable source that defines staple food merely as 'main or major' with no regards to its energy/calorie supply, then please do add it here. Perhaps, we can improve this article by clarifying the first para of the lead per the reliable source you cite.

 * Further, while we discuss whether fish is a staple food, I urge you to
 * reword it from 'in some communities fishing is the primary source of nutrition' to something like 'in certain communities fish, meat, milk and eggs are staple foods.' Rephrasing to move the focus back to the subject of the article, which is staple foods, not fishing or human nutrition.
 * add a citation per WP:V to include fish in the lead section. You or someone must cite a published source, per WP:RS guidelines, that states or identifies one or more communities in our world where fish is the staple food (or one of few). A claim or source that simply states 'fish is a major source of nutrients for community X' would be unacceptable as explained by WP:SYNTH guidelines.
 * ApostleVonColorado (talk) 19:51, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

There appear to be some points of confusion. I shall see what I can do about finding some of the detailed sources, but perhaps these off-the-cuff remarks will be useful in the mean time. More later, must run. JonRichfield (talk) 20:12, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply... the fact that it forms the mainstay (which please note is about what "staple" means ) does not mean that there is just one staple per community. Staples can vary by season and can comprise combinations of foodstuffs, such as beans and maize in parts of Central America. Not every roof rests on one pillar, nor does every mast depend on a single mainstay. So, either FAO's writers need a bit of assistance, or they intended more than you read into their wording. Your choice. You might argue that "most commonly" by definition implies uniqueness, but I trust that you can see that this would be semantically artificial and unhelpful.
 * Calorific nutrients are implicitly and trivially a component of any staple food. Try a herring some day! The fact that they contain other components as well does not disqualify them from being staples.

 * Just to help you focus and avoid misunderstandings, neither EU/FAO nor I are suggesting there is just one staple food per community. Regular need not necessarily mean daily, regular can be periodic/seasonal.
 * Perhaps, our disagreement is on the term of art. These are two different statements: (1) Alcohol, tobacco and beverages are staples in the life of some consumers; (2) XYZ is a staple food in some communities.
 * Per WP:TALK guidelines, let us avoid a forum like discussion on this page. I await a verifiable WP:RS citation that supports 'fish is a staple food.'
 * ApostleVonColorado (talk) 20:57, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

Hi. Back again, though still a bit hurried. Sorry.

About the "regular", "single" thing, good. This was something of a disagreement a few months back, and I am relieved to find we don't have to rake that one up again.

I am however embarrassed to admit that I cannot follow your statement: "Perhaps, our disagreement is on the term of art. These are two different statements: (1) Alcohol, tobacco and beverages are staples in the life of some consumers; (2) XYZ is a staple food in some communities." "art"? Do you mean "definition, sematics or the like"? And the usage: "Alcohol, tobacco and beverages are staples in the life..."? I cannot deny it if you suggest it, but what does it mean? In what sense does consumption of a non-essential product make it a staple in any way related to the idea of a nutritional mainstay, a "staff of life" if you like? I assume by "beverages" you mean luxury beverages, as opposed to essentials such as water? I cannot see luxuries as being relevant to the topic, whether related to calories, proteins, minerals or whatever you might suggest. Mind you, the way things are going, water might well soon be regarded as a staple.

Now then. To our muttons.

Before getting back onto the fishy business, let's address your example of "...in certain communities fish, meat, milk and eggs are staple foods...". I did not actually assert that at any point, and though in a sense perhaps looser than the definition you appear to be trying to impose, I would have no quarrel with such a remark. However I could not personally assert it in the case of eggs, though the idea is not intrinsically ridiculous. However, meat and dairy products most decidedly can be staples, and I mainly refrained from mentioning them because I expected difficulties in finding sound documentation. I assume that you might accept that some nomadic pastoralists and hunter-gathers might rely on such staples? However, if you insist on accepting nothing short of hard citations, I refer you to the WP article on the Maasai people (in the section on diet), and see whether you accept the references cited there. I have read of this diet elsewhere, which is why I found it so quickly in WP, but my previous sources were not backed up by quantitative studies, and this is not my field, hence my unassertive attitude in this connection. You will notice that blood is mentioned in the context of staple food, and that on average blood has a very low caloric value. As for urine, least said, soonest mended.

I had expected more difficulty in finding documented reference to fish as sources of staple food, but I was suitably chastened to discover that the very first page of a google books search ({https://www.google.co.za/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=%22staple+food%22+fish]} gave me ten specific hits, at least five of them citable, and some with FAO connections!

OK, where does that leave us? Over to you! JonRichfield (talk) 12:23, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The word 'staple' may be used in different contexts. Consider these examples: (A) Fish is a staple in the diet of some communities; (B) Fish is a staple food in some communities; (C) [...], but in some communities fishing is the primary source of nutrition. Are (A) and (B) equivalent, in published reliable secondary sources? In my past due diligence, the answer was a qualified no. See for example, Barbara Santich's chapter on page 224, in the widely cited 1989 Staple Foods Symposium proceedings.
 * Example (C) is in the lead now (August 28 2012 version of this article). It is neither relevant to this article, nor is it cited. I urge we modify it at least to either A or B and include one of your citations.

 * Please note that the main article already includes meat, fish, egg, etc. (para 4, in Demographic profile section; I added these to this article about a year ago, to fairly include all sides). But should we include fish in the lead? if we do, should we not include meat, etc in the lead?
 * Per wiki's WP:LEAD guidelines, the lead should summarize the most important points of the article in proportion and notability in the article. I am not persuaded that the discussion about fish in the main article is significant to justify its inclusion in the lead. I urge that we expand the discussion about fish, along with meat etc, as a staple food in the main article to justify its inclusion in the lead. Given the disagreement between scholars, as explained by Barbara Santich's chapter above, citations should be included and text clarified that staple food may mean different things to different people, in different contexts. This would help enhance this article's balance and WP:NPOV.

 * I will read the books you cited, and check if they meet the wiki reliable and scholarship guidelines. In a cursory, quick read, I note that these books seem tertiary sources, not secondary, and they do refer to meat, eggs, milk etc. as staple food as well.
 * ApostleVonColorado (talk) 15:48, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

All that sounds generally reasonable. My reaction is: go ahead. I reckon that apart from the requirements of being reliable and encyclopaedic, the article should include enough breadth of material to give a proper balance; for example, even if the FAO flavour of the month is to call a food a staple only if it is primarily a source of calories for the graminivorous (I exaggerate, but you know what I mean) a reader should be presented with the more general concept as a matter of perspective, even if mainly historical perspective. Note the very common and spontaneous reference to fish as a staple, from various sources in various countries; if the FAO wish to apply the term in a narrower connection, that is all very well within their own publications, but WP is not limited to FAO conventions, and the FAO do not have any mandate for unilateral redefinition of the language from a single perspective. At the very least the article should include general English usage as well as FAOspeak. Some sources mention meat, some fish, and so on. It is not necessary for verifiability that they all be sources in peer-reviewed modern journals; historical demonstrations of common, supported observations and usage are adequate in proper context. If the modern situation concerning staples is mainly to address gigatonnages of grain and practically nothing but, then fine, but that should not exclude the responsibility for mentioning in proper context the usages at other times and other places. Whether to mention bloody milk in the lede is a totally different question, and not one that I necessarily would start a war on. I'll leave it in your hands for now, but shall keep it on my watchlist so that if you do want me to do some work on a separate section, or discussion on the matter, I'll be conveniently available. Ciao for now. JonRichfield (talk) 18:44, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

 * added here for clarity (08:27, 5 September 2014 (UTC)) (UTC)

Food vs foods
Will anyone who does not know the difference between the use of the word "food" as a mass noun and "foods" as referring to types of food, kindly stop changing the article. The altered text makes no sense in context. JonRichfield (talk) 20:58, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Nutritional Values are Not Valid; hyperlink not valid
Some of the staple foods identified are not correctly displaying accurate nutritional content. The data would be best verified using the USDA nutritional database. Yams as an example, show vitamin A at several times magnitude more concentrated than is possible in a 100g sample. The page should be taken down as this table is cited in multiple works and is false.

Starting point:

http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3313?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&qlookup=yam&offset=&sort=&format=Abridged&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&_action_show=Apply+Changes&Qv=1&Q6301=1.0

Basic Report: 11601, Yam, raw  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.183.177.218 (talk) 20:53, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

To add to the above, the caloric values shown for the grains and potatoes appear to be per pound (454g?) not per 100g. I think that is the root cause of the errors here; some of these values are actually for 100g samples, others are per pound (and still labeled as 100g).

Bias in nutritional value?
I am concerned that the nutritional value of the foods in the table is misleading, because the nutrient levels are not adjusted for energy, making the grains look more nutritious than they actually are. In addition, some of the grain products are whole, while others are refined--it doesn't seem reasonable to compare white rice to whole wheat, when white and brown rice and whole and refined wheat are all staple foods. I believe that the above issues represent biases and I would correct them, but I don't know how to edit the table. I would appreciate any help. Alázhlis (talk) 03:18, 5 April 2014 (UTC) I've since made the changes to the table, which you can see in my sandbox. What do you think about posting it in this article? Alázhlis (talk) 02:10, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Other dominant vegetables
Tomato production in 2008 was 141 million tonnes.  Cabbages - 64.8 million tonnes. Cucumbers - 58.5 million tonnes. I guess the reason why they are not called staple food is because, even though they are consumed on a large scale, they are usually not a dominant portion of the diet and they are not so energy rich like starch-based food. However, considering the fact that their world production is so high, it would be nice to highlight them in the top ten staple food table. Also it would be nice to highlight the sugarcane, since it's production is so high, as someone else noticed it. Question: Is there a specific category of food that includes staple food and vegetables like tomato and cabbage? Something more narrow than "vegetables". Then a new table, including the mentioned vegetables might fit into the corresponding article. —  Ark25  (talk) 21:20, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

I agree. Most of these "staple foods" are completely unknown for me. But tomato and cucumber missing from this list, even with their high production seems weird. Maybe this point could be addressed in the article in a different way? Because I indeed won't eat a huge pile of tomatoes with a side of chicken breast, but I could do it with potatoes or rice. 193.40.10.98 (talk) 13:41, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

Animals?
This term can also apply to animals, for example (re: Sugar gliders): "Each group defends a certain number of eucalyptus trees which provide the group with its staple food source."

I considered adding what is essentially a truism to the lead (this term can apply to animals), but a cursory search didn't find a source to cite for the general case. Instead, I am posting here for comments or consensus. —Eric:71.20.250.51 (talk) 08:24, 5 September 2014 (UTC)

Sugar really a "staple food"?
The link with sugar in the lead seems not WP:RS.. Then only "sugar" happens to be in the table, mostly 15 g in Plantain. That may be a staple food somewhere, but then not as "sugar".

Googling "sugar Staple food" I found:

http://www.sweet-sugar-gliders.com/sugar-glider-food-dry-staple-food.html ..

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-staple-food-of-the-US ..

http://time.com/2812756/how-sugar-went-from-a-condiment-to-a-diet-staple/

"Sugar used to be a condiment, but now it’s a diet staple. Soda, juice, sweetened coconut water, sweetened teas, Frappuccinos—these are all desserts. Foods with added sugar are dessert if any form of sugar is one of the first three ingredients. Granola is dessert. Fruit-flavored yogurt is dessert. Chinese chicken salad is dessert. The American Heart Association limits kids to 4 teaspoons, and adults to 6-9 teaspoons, of added sugar per day. Yet a typical school breakfast consists of a bowl of Froot Loops and a glass of orange juice. That’s 11 teaspoons of added sugar!"

How many teaspoons make a "staple"? Is the doctor really just saying too much?

Non-RS source FAO? doesn't even list sugar (for North America in any form or elsewhere except "sugar cane" but not in bold) and: "throughout the world, complementary foods play an essential role in meeting nutrient requirements. They include protein sources - meat, poultry, fish, legumes and milk products; energy sources - fats, oils and sugars" comp.arch (talk) 15:07, 9 November 2015 (UTC)

Broken citation link; page has moved and I can't find it
The lead section cites as a reference for the claim that some fruits are staples, but this page appears to have moved. I've just reverted a (good-faith) edit that broke this reference, and I believe that editor was attempting to fix the link, but I don't have enough information to find the desired page by googling or looking at the page history. Should the link be changed to point to the internet archive? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jake-low (talk • contribs) 12:01, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

Update: I found the page (looked in the wayback machine for where the dead link used to point; it's now located at . The page doesn't appear to support the claim that was made, nor does any previous version of it that I viewed, so I'm removing the citation and replacing it with a citation needed tag. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jake-low (talk • contribs) 12:07, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

Sweet potato vitamin A
I think there is a mistake in the nutrition table where the sweet potato's vitamin A content is 14,187 IU when the RDA is 5,000 IU. The wiki article of the sweet potato does not indicate that its vitamin A content is 3 times the RDA. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mtanti (talk • contribs) 11:33, 27 May 2020 (UTC)

Thanks, I just fixed it. User:Kokopelli7309 — Preceding undated comment added 22:18, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

86.7t/ha/a of sorghum in the US?
The article commercial sorghum says: “The national annual average yield in world's largest-producing country, the US, was 4.5 tonnes per hectare”. --Chricho ∀ (talk) 11:49, 16 May 2021 (UTC)

Agreed, the listed figure seems grossly wrong and the reference given appears to be broken. In addition to the quote from the article commercial sorghum, a Google search gives figures of 200 bushels per acre for individuals who have won yield competitions, this comes to around 12t/ha, far less than the figure which purports to be the country's average yield. In addition, that same article has a graphic from USDA which reports that 5,260,000 acres were planted in 2019. Given a total crop of around 12Mt, this gives a figure of 2.28 tons per acre or 5.6t/ha. I'm going to go ahead and edit the figure in the table to 4.5, especially as the current figure gives the impression that sorghum is the most productive crop per unit land area in the world which seems far from accurate. Jeff8765 (talk) 09:35, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Staple crop comparison table
Please see Template_talk:Comparison_of_major_staple_foods regarding a proposed change to the template transcluded in this article. SmartSE (talk) 12:14, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

Staple food
Very staply food 💀 82.132.233.144 (talk) 09:17, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Staple food


text:
Silverstone

Silverstone is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is about 4 mi from Towcester on the former A43 main road, 10 mi from the M1 motorway junction 15A and about 12 mi from the M40 motorway junction 10, Northampton, Milton Keynes and Banbury. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,176. The A43 now bypasses to the south-east of the village.

The village's name probably means, 'farm/settlement of Saewulf/Sigewulf'.

The Silverstone Circuit, the current home of the British Grand Prix, is located nearby; it straddles the Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire border.

The village is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Silvestone and Selvestone.

Parish church

Silverstone had a chapel by AD 1200. In about 1780 the medieval building was replaced by a Georgian one, which was enlarged by the addition of a chancel in 1841 and a north aisle and vestry in 1852. The entire church was demolished in the 1880s and replaced by the present Church of England parish church of Saint Michael, which is a Gothic Revival building designed by James Piers St Aubyn and completed in 1884.

On the north side of the parish churchyard are the remains of medieval fish ponds.

Facilities
The village has one public house: the White Horse Inn.

About 0.5 mi south of the village is the Silverstone Circuit, a former Royal Air Force World War II bomber base and now the traditional home of the British Grand Prix, a Formula One race that attracts more than 300,000 visitors each year.

Silverstone University Technical College opened at the circuit in September 2013.

Adjacent to Silverstone Circuit is Silverstone Park, a business park operated by MEPC plc, with a focus on engineering and high-tech activities. The site is home to over 80 organisations, including Envision Racing, David Brown Automotive, Delta Motorsport, Ducati UK Ltd, National College for Motorsport, Danecca Limited and Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence. It also features the UK's only dedicated sub-contract inspection metrology facility, managed by Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence, a technical partner to Red Bull Formula 1.

Silverstone is also the base of the Formula One constructor Aston Martin, which was formerly known as Racing Point, Force India, and Jordan Grand Prix.

In the Middle Ages, the village trade was primarily in timber from the surrounding Whittlewood forest through the use of coppicing. Linnell Brothers still operate a woodyard to this day.

title: Silverstone


text:
Talk:Dilation

Eye
I've heard eye doctors use some form because many more people know the word eyes than know the word pupil (example of a hospital publication that uses "eyes were dilated", so lets clarify who is likely to specify pupil. Niteowlneils 23:18, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

What are you talking about??? Ian William Maggi (talk) 22:31, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Spelling
I (and lots of clever people who keep telling me what to do) thought that this word (and it's derivatives) should actually be dilatation, due to the construction of the word from its stem. Going back to the Latin may be pedantic, but it works and most published papers and texts I have read at uni use this 'proper' version. I think this should at least be pointed out as an issue of conflict, or changed. -Herb, 22/10/05, 21:08 BST

 * Both are used interchangeably, although in my experience dilatation is used in the active form and dilation in the passive. JFW | T@lk  22:55, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Note: "dilatation " is a real word. It has a technical meaning in quantum field theory, according to my professor. see scale invariance. Danski14(talk) 01:33, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

I agree with you guys, spelling has to be perfect in my world. Am I right or am I right? Ian William Maggi (talk) 22:32, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dilation


text:
American Musical and Dramatic Academy

The American Musical and Dramatic Academy (AMDA) is a private conservatory for the performing arts in New York City and Los Angeles, California. The conservatory offers both Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees and two-year certificates in professional performance. Programs are offered in acting, musical theatre, dance, and performing arts. It is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Theatre.

History
AMDA was founded in 1964 by Philip Burton and the New York theatre community. By 1970, the school had outgrown its original location on East 23rd Street and moved into a new building on Bleecker Street in Greenwich Village. A few years later, further growth prompted a move to the Ansonia Building. In the 1990s a second location, which is now the principal location of AMDA New York, was opened near Lincoln Center.

In 2003 the school expanded west by opening AMDA Los Angeles in the Vine Tower Building. AMDA is a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) granting performing arts college with campuses in both New York and Los Angeles.

Campuses
The New York City campus is located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The principal facility is located at 211 West 61st Street, directly behind Lincoln Center. The other half of the campus is located at the Ansonia building, on West 73rd Street.

The Los Angeles campus is located in the Hollywood Entertainment District, with its principal facility in the Vine Tower Building.

AMDA's Los Angeles campus features four main theatres for learning, skill development and performance including a black box theatre, two laboratory theatres, and an outdoor amphitheater. Other facilities include rehearsal space, film, TV and editing facilities, library, the AMDA Café, and the campus piazza.

Notable alumni

 * Nina Arianda
 * Nicole Byer
 * Tyne Daly
 * Honey Davenport
 * Bailey De Young
 * Jason Derulo
 * Asia Kate Dillon
 * Erik Estrada
 * Mike Faist
 * Jesse Tyler Ferguson
 * Brita Filter
 * Ray Fisher
 * Adam Grace
 * Christopher Jackson
 * Amy Jo Johnson
 * Neil Kaplan
 * Hailey Kilgore
 * Caissie Levy
 * Rizwan Manji
 * Carolyne Mas
 * Gretchen Mol
 * Janelle Monáe
 * Peppermint
 * Anthony Ramos
 * Ludovica Sannazzaro
 * Alexandra Slade
 * Paul Sorvino
 * Sarah Stiles
 * Lee Tergesen
 * Becca Tobin
 * Michelle Visage
 * Marissa Jaret Winokur
 * Michael-Leon Wooley
 * Natalie Zea
 * Adonis Kapsalis

title: American Musical and Dramatic Academy


text:
The Wall (Sartre short story collection)

The Wall (Le Mur) by Jean-Paul Sartre, a collection of 5 short stories published in 1939 containing the eponymous story "The Wall", is considered one of the author's greatest existentialist works of fiction. Sartre dedicated the book to his companion Olga Kosakiewicz, a former student of Simone de Beauvoir.

"The Wall"
The eponymous story coldly depicts a situation in which prisoners are condemned to death. Written in 1939, the story is set in the Spanish Civil War, which began July 18, 1936, and ended April 1, 1939, when the Nationalists (known in Spanish as the Nacionalistas), led by General Francisco Franco, overcame the forces of the Spanish Republic and entered Madrid.

The title refers to the wall used by firing squads to execute prisoners. The Wall itself symbolises the inevitability and unknowing of one's death. The protagonist, Pablo Ibbieta, along with two others in his cell, is sentenced to death. He is offered a way out if he reveals the location of his comrade, Ramón Gris. Pablo begins thinking to himself and finds that he no longer cares about his cause or his life. Pablo continues to refuse to cooperate until just before his scheduled execution, when, seeing no harm in it, he gives the authorities what he believes to be false information on Ramón Gris' whereabouts. Ramón Gris moved from his previous hiding place to the very spot where Pablo tells the authorities he may be found. Thus Ramón Gris is shot and Pablo's life is, at least temporarily, spared from death.

"The Room"
In La Chambre ("The Room"), Mme Darbédat is confined to her room by an unknown illness, where she spends her bedridden days reminiscing about the past and eating rahat-loukoums. She receives weekly visits from her husband, M. Darbédat; that day, during their conversation, it is revealed that the Darbédats' daughter, Ève, refuses to allow her husband Pierre – who suffers from apparent insanity – to be put away into an asylum. Mme Darbédat hints at Ève and Pierre's continued romantic intimacy, further angering her husband. M. Darbédat decides to pay Ève a visit, and the narrative shifts from the “sane” world of the Darbédats into the “sick,” perverse world of Pierre. After witnessing some of Pierre’s eccentric, abnormal behavior, M. Darbédat, unable to convince Ève to send the "madman" to Dr Franchot's clinic, finally leaves the apartment in helpless frustration. In the second part of the story, the nature of Pierre’s bizarre psychosis is explored more fully: he remains locked in a room that he has painted in black, calls his wife “Agatha” and recounts delusions about a time spent with her in Hamburg, and keeps a talisman (which he calls a “ziuthre”) to deal with his hallucinations. Nevertheless, Ève wishes to understand and engage in Pierre's psychotic world, which she finds authentic (in so doing, Ève has cut herself off from "normal" society). Ève watches as Pierre hallucinates a group of flying, buzzing statues, after which he goes to sleep. As she watches him sleep, Ève wonders how soon it will be before he shows signs of degeneration, bestialization, and utter dementia; the story ends with her chilling resolution to the sleeping Pierre: “Je te tuerai avant” (I’ll kill you before that.)

"Erostratus"
A story about a misanthropic man who resolves to follow the path of Herostratus and make history by means of an evil deed—in this case, by killing six random people (one for each bullet in his revolver). The man is exhilarated by the sense of power he receives when carrying his revolver on the streets within his pocket. "But I no longer drew assurance from that [the revolver], it was from myself: I was a being like a revolver, a torpedo or a bomb." Sartre gives the reader an insightful account about how a man's nature changes with the objects of his possession, but the object itself is unable to change the internal man, as seen in the conclusion.

"Intimacy"
Young Lulu struggles with authenticity as she seeks to liberate herself from social stereotypes. She decides to leave her husband Henri and run off with her lover Pierre at the insistence of her friend Rirette. She goes through several stages of realisation as she sees that the roles of wife, friend, and even lover are meaningless. However, she does not have enough strength to use the resulting angst to become an authentic being, so she finally decides to remain with her husband.

"The Childhood of a Leader"
The Childhood of a Leader is the tale of the mental progress of a boy named Lucien Fleurier from around age 4 to his early adulthood. Lucien, the son of a rich industrialist, searches for identity and meaning in order to find out "what's wrong" with him. He journeys from Freudian psychoanalysis and being a one-time sexual partner of a paederast poet, to finally becoming part of a Fascist youth organisation and attacking/punching a Jewish man who is reading l'Humanité, with his friends.

Adaptations
The 1967 film The Wall is based on the story of the same name.

The 2016 film The Childhood of a Leader is based on the story of the same name.


text:
Cædwalla

Cædwalla (c. 659 – 20 April 689 AD) was the King of Wessex from approximately 685 until he abdicated in 688. His name is derived from the Welsh Cadwallon. He was exiled from Wessex as a youth and during this period gathered forces and attacked the South Saxons, killing their king, Æthelwealh, in what is now Sussex. Cædwalla was unable to hold the South Saxon territory, however, and was driven out by Æthelwealh's ealdormen. In either 685 or 686, he became King of Wessex. He may have been involved in suppressing rival dynasties at this time, as an early source records that Wessex was ruled by underkings until Cædwalla.

After his accession, Cædwalla returned to Sussex and won the territory again. He also conquered the Isle of Wight, gained control of Surrey and the kingdom of Kent, and in 686 he installed his brother Mul as king of Kent. Mul was burned in a Kentish revolt a year later, and Cædwalla returned, possibly ruling Kent directly for a period.

Cædwalla was wounded during the conquest of the Isle of Wight, and perhaps for this reason he abdicated in 688 to travel to Rome for baptism. He reached Rome in April 689 and was baptised by Pope Sergius I on the Saturday before Easter, dying ten days later on 20 April 689. He was succeeded by Ine.

West Saxon territory in the 680s

In the late 7th century, the West Saxons occupied an area in the west of southern England, though the exact boundaries are difficult to define. To their west was the native British kingdom of Dumnonia, in what is now Devon and Cornwall. To the north were the Mercians, whose king, Wulfhere, had dominated southern England during his reign. In 674 he was succeeded by his brother, Æthelred, who was less militarily active than Wulfhere had been along the frontier with Wessex, though the West Saxons did not recover the territorial gains Wulfhere had made. To the southeast was the kingdom of the South Saxons, in what is now Sussex; and to the east were the East Saxons, who controlled London.

Not all the locations named in the Chronicle can be identified, but it is apparent that the West Saxons were fighting in north Somerset, south Gloucestershire, and north Wiltshire, against both British and Mercian opposition. To the west and south, evidence of the extent of West Saxon influence is provided by the fact that Cenwalh, who reigned from 642 to 673, is remembered as the first Saxon patron of Sherborne Abbey, in Dorset; similarly, Centwine (676–685) is the first Saxon patron of Glastonbury Abbey, in Somerset. Evidently, these monasteries were in West Saxon territory by then. Exeter, to the west, in Devon, was under West Saxon control by 680, since Boniface was educated there at about that time.

Ancestry
A number of the early kings of Wessex had Celtic names, which may indicate Brythonic ancestry. Cædwalla's name ultimately derives from the Proto-Celtic *Katu-welnā-mnos, meaning "The One Who (-mnos) Leads (welnā-) into Battle (katu-)". However, the form "Cædwalla" appears to be a Saxon variant of "Cadwallon", a contemporary Welsh name.

Bede states that Cædwalla was a "daring young man of the royal house of the Gewissæ", and gives his age at his death in 689 as about thirty, making the year of his birth about 659. "Gewisse", a tribal name, is used by Bede as an equivalent to "West Saxon": the West Saxon genealogies trace back to one "Gewis", an eponymous ancestor. According to the Chronicle, Cædwalla was the son of Coenberht, and was descended via Ceawlin from Cerdic, the first of the Gewisse to land in England. However, it appears that the many difficulties and contradictions in the regnal list are caused partly by the efforts of later scribes to demonstrate that each king on the list was descended from Cerdic; thus Cædwalla's genealogy must be treated with caution.

First campaign in Sussex
The first mention of Cædwalla is in the Life of St Wilfrid, in which he is described as an exiled nobleman in the forests of Chiltern and Andred. It was not uncommon for a 7th century king to have spent time in exile before gaining the throne; Oswald of Northumbria is another prominent example. According to the Chronicle, it was in 685 that Cædwalla "began to contend for the kingdom". Despite his exile, he was able to put together enough military force to defeat and kill Æthelwealh, the king of Sussex. He was, however, soon expelled by Berthun and Andhun, Æthelwealh's ealdormen, "who administered the country from then on", possibly as kings.

The Isle of Wight and the Meon valley in what is now eastern Hampshire had been placed under Æthelwealh's control by Wulfhere; the Chronicle dates this to 661, but according to Bede it occurred "not long before" Wilfrid's mission to the South Saxons in the 680s, which implies a rather later date. Wulfhere's attack on Ashdown, also dated by the Chronicle to 661, may likewise have actually happened later. If these events happened in the early 680s or not long before, Cædwalla's aggression against Æthelwealh would be explained as a response to Mercian pressure.

Another indication of the political and military situation may be the division in the 660s of the West Saxon see at Dorchester-on-Thames; a new see was established at Winchester, very near to the South Saxon border. Bede's explanation for the division is that Cenwalh grew tired of the Frankish speech of the bishop at Dorchester, but it is more likely that it was a response to the Mercian advance, which forced West Saxon expansion, such as Cædwalla's military activities, west, south, and east, rather than north. Cædwalla's military successes may be the reason that at about this time the term "West Saxon" starts to be used in contemporary sources, instead of "Gewisse". It is from this time that the West Saxons began to rule over other Anglo-Saxon peoples.

Accession and reign
In 685 or 686, Cædwalla became king of the West Saxons after Centwine, his predecessor, retired to a monastery. Bede gives Cædwalla a reign of two years, ending in 688, but if his reign was less than three years then he may have come to the throne in 685. The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List gives his reign a length of three years, with one variant reading of two years.

According to Bede, before Cædwalla's reign, Wessex was ruled by underkings, who were conquered and removed when Cædwalla became king. This has been taken to mean that Cædwalla himself ended the reign of the underkings, though Bede does not directly say this. Bede gives the death of Cenwalh as the start of the ten-year period in which the West Saxons were ruled by these underkings; Cenwalh is now thought to have died in about 673, so this is slightly inconsistent with Cædwalla's dates. It may be that Centwine, Cædwalla's predecessor as king of the West Saxons, began as a co-ruler but established himself as sole king by the time Cædwalla became king. It may also be that the underkings were another dynastic faction of the West Saxon royal line, vying for power with Centwine and Cædwalla; the description of them as "underkings" may be due to a partisan description of the situation by Bishop Daniel of Winchester, who was Bede's primary informant on West Saxon events. It is also possible that not all the underkings were deposed. There is a King Bealdred, who reigned in the area of Somerset and West Wiltshire, who is mentioned in two land-grants, one dated 681 and the other 688, though both documents have been treated as spurious by some historians. Further confusing the situation is another land-grant, thought to be genuine, showing Ine's father, Cenred, still reigning in Wessex after Ine's accession.

Once on the throne, Cædwalla attacked the South Saxons again, this time killing Berthun, and "the province was reduced to a worse state of subjection". He also conquered the Isle of Wight, which was still an independent pagan kingdom, and set himself to kill every native on the island, resettling it with his own people, though Bede states that the natives remained a majority on the island. Arwald, the king of the Isle of Wight, left his two young brothers as heirs. They fled the island, but were found at Stoneham, in Hampshire, and killed on Cædwalla's orders, though he was persuaded by a priest to let them be baptised before they were executed. Bede also mentions that Cædwalla was wounded; he was recovering from his wounds when the priest found him to ask permission to baptise the princes.

In a charter of 688, Cædwalla grants land at Farnham for a minster, so it is evident that Cædwalla controlled Surrey. He also invaded Kent, in 686, and may have founded a monastery at Hoo, northeast of Rochester, between the Medway and the Thames. He installed his brother, Mul, as king of Kent, in place of its king Eadric. In a subsequent Kentish revolt, Mul was "burned" along with twelve others, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Cædwalla responded with a renewed campaign against Kent, laying waste to its land and leaving it in a state of chaos. He may have ruled Kent directly after this second invasion.

Christianity

Cædwalla was unbaptised when he came to the throne of Wessex, and remained so throughout his reign, but though he is often referred to as a pagan this is not necessarily the most apt description; it may be that he was already Christian in his beliefs but delayed his baptism to a time of his choice. He was clearly respectful of the church, with charter evidence showing multiple grants to churches and for religious buildings. When Cædwalla first attacked the South Saxons, Wilfrid was at the court of King Æthelwealh, and on Æthelwealh's death Wilfrid attached himself to Cædwalla; the Life of Wilfrid records that Cædwalla sought Wilfrid out as a spiritual father. Bede states that Cædwalla vowed to give a quarter of the Isle of Wight to the church if he conquered the island and that Wilfrid was the beneficiary when the vow was fulfilled; Bede also says that Cædwalla agreed to let the heirs of Arwald, the king of the Isle of Wight, be baptised before they were executed. Two of Cædwalla's charters were grants of land to Wilfrid, and there is also subsequent evidence that Cædwalla worked with Wilfrid and Eorcenwald, a bishop of the East Saxons, to establish an ecclesiastical infrastructure for Sussex. However, there is no evidence that Wilfrid exerted any influence over Cædwalla's secular activities or his campaigns.

Wilfrid's association with Cædwalla may have benefited him in other ways: the Life of Wilfrid asserts that the Archbishop of Canterbury, Theodore, expressed a wish that Wilfrid succeed him in that role, and if this is true it may be a reflection of Wilfrid's association with Cædwalla's southern overlordship.

Abdication, baptism and death
In 688, Cædwalla abdicated and went on a pilgrimage to Rome, possibly because he was dying of the wounds he had suffered while fighting on the Isle of Wight. Cædwalla had not been baptised, and Bede states that he wished to "obtain the particular privilege of receiving the cleansing of baptism at the shrine of the blessed Apostles". He stopped in Francia at Samer, near Calais, where he gave money for the foundation of a church, and is also recorded at the court of Cunincpert, king of the Lombards, in what is now northern Italy. In Rome, he was baptised by Pope Sergius I on the Saturday before Easter (according to Bede) taking the baptismal name Peter, and died not long afterwards, "still in his white garments". He was buried in St Peter's Basilica. Bede's Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle agree that Cædwalla died on 20 April, but the latter says that he died seven days after his baptism, although the Saturday before Easter was on 10 April that year. The epitaph on his tomb described him as "King of the Saxons".

Cædwalla's departure in 688 appears to have led to instability in the south of England. Ine, Cædwalla's successor, abdicated in 726, and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List says that he reigned for thirty-seven years, implying his reign began in 689 instead of 688. This could indicate an unsettled period between Cædwalla's abdication and Ine's accession. The kingship also changed in Kent in 688, with Oswine, who was apparently a Mercian client, taking the throne; and there is evidence of East Saxon influence in Kent in the years immediately following Cædwalla's abdication.

In 694, Ine extracted compensation of 30,000 pence from the Kentishmen for the death of Mul; this amount represented the value of an aetheling's life in the Saxon system of Weregild. Ine appears to have retained control of Surrey, but did not recover Kent. No king of Wessex was to venture so far east until Egbert, over a hundred years later.

title: Cædwalla


text:
Talk:Crown copyright

Citation
Added a citation to "exceptions" as well as "raw data" exception with citation, feel free to comment if I made any mistakes:) --Walshnic (talk) 23:37, 15 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Will be doing more edits using this source: Judge, E. F. (2011). Crown copyright and the reuse of government information: Access and limitations. In P. Garvin (Ed.), Government information management in the 21st century : International perspectives (pp. 211-222). Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub --Walshnic (talk) 22:12, 7 July 2018 (UTC)

Scottish Parliament
''When the Copyrights Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the 1988 Act) came into force the scope of the definition of Crown copyright was considerably reduced. Crown copyright was ... also defined as subsisting "in every Act of Parliament, Act of the Scottish Parliament, Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly or Measure of the General Synod of the Church of England".''

Is this true? Bearing in mind that the Scottish Parliament didn't come into being until 1999, how can legislation pre-dating the creation of the parliament apply to it? Likewise with the Northern Ireland Assembly. 80.175.243.130 14:43, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It's called amending the law. David Newton 20:44, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * In which case the relevant amending Act(s) should be cited as well. Hairy Dude 19:21, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, otherwise this just looks like an error, and is at least going to confuse various readers.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  17:57, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Canada copyright in judicial decisions
I've removed the comment about how "Jockey v. Standen" gives Judicial authority that judgments can't be copyrighted. I read the case and I am doubtful that it does such a thing. The only comment on the subject is in a concurring opinion at the end in paragraph 12:
 * HUTCHEON J.A.:— I agree with Mr. Justice Macdonald that this appeal must be dismissed for the reasons given by him. The only thing that I would add is that there may be cases where the publication of material becomes part of the public domain either because of a statutory requirement to publish the material or because it is inherent in the circumstances that to recognize the claim to copyright would be contrary to public policy.  A judge's reasons for judgment may be an example of the latter...

The concurring comment is speculative and is not very pursuasive let alone binding, so I think it's unreasonable to say that it gives judicial authority. -PullUpYourSocks 21:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

UK white paper

 * "However, some documents have Crown Copyright waived by the government, subject to certain conditions. This was introduced in a white paper in 2000 in order to improve access to government publications."

Would this be the Freedom of Information Act 2000? If so, that is an enacted Act of Parliament which has now been in force for over a year, not just a White Paper. Hairy Dude 19:20, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No, this is something quite separate from the FOIA. The waiver is a policy decision, not a formal change of law.  The details of the waiver (including its exceptions) can be found on the website of the official Office of Public Sector Information website.

Canada update
Cleaned up commentary, and eliminated essay style, which was copied from another source. Exceptions to the general rule have been converted to a tabular format.Raellerby (talk) 16:44, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

UK Crown copyright and GDFL
I excised this sentence: ''Websites are reproducible unless otherwise indicated, but Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) has stated in correspondence that they do not consider material under Crown Copyright redistributable under such licenses as the GFDL. ''

I excised it for two reasons: 1 - it seems to contradict what is stated here as regards public records (CAVEAT - I could be completely wrong in my interpretation, I'm no lawyer) and 2 - it makes reference to "correspondence" which is uncited.

By all means fix and reinstate. Manning (talk) 04:46, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Paper on Crown copyright debate
I found a paper on the politics of Crown copyright. We should incorporate the main points of this paper into the section on #Criticisms. Qzekrom 💬 theythem 19:25, 17 March 2019 (UTC)
 * It is a closed article, so I and I imagine almost all others cannot read anything beyond the abstract, so it is difficult to tell what exactly can or should be added. trackratte (talk) 19:11, 18 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry. I haven't read the whole thing yet, but I probably assumed that anyone could access the paper if they wanted. If you want a copy of the paper, I can email it to you or you can visit WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request. Qzekrom 💬 theythem 23:01, 18 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Try also WP:The Wikipedia Library; you can get access to lots of paywalled academic material, including much of OUP's output.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  17:57, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Is the European Union section relevant in this article?
Apokrif (talk) 18:12, 29 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, but only for the period in which the UK was an EU member. We just need to add a sentence that specified this date range.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  16:49, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Done.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  16:56, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Weird language, and claim that needs moderating
Our article presently says However, since 2001 the UK Government has developed a trend of automatically licensing all works published on gov.uk and The National Archives under the Open Government Licence.

First off, "has developed a trend of" is meaningless buzzword blather. What is this really trying to say?

Second, various sites under gov.uk are not following this. E.g., ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk not only charges money for almost every form of record it provides, it attaches usually bogus crown copyright claims to all of them.

An aside on why they are bogus: Copyright in the UK did not exist in any form until 1710, and crown copyright did not exist until 1911, but does not retroactively cover governmental works before that date; and while it was extended in 1958 to cover more types of works produced at governmental expense, its scope was contracted again in 1988. More importantly, in 2000, the UK government disavowed imposition of any licensing requirements for 10 classes of documents, including "forms, ... documents featured on official departmental Web sites, ... and unpublished public records", and the sort of material genealogists are after on UK government sites like this one (birth/marriage/death records, wills and their adjudication, other legal records) qualifies under all three of those categories. The bulk of it also pre-dates any crown copyright term that could potentially have existed at some time anyway. Furthermore, the majority of the records in the present or former UK that are of interest to genealogists created before civil registration was imposed 1837 in England and Wales, 1855 in Scotland, 1864 (1845 for non-Catholics) in Ireland, were not created with any government involvement at all, but were produced by parish churches. So, even if a parliament of competent jurisdiction unwisely created some kind of retroactive governmental copyright, it still would not include many of the documents genealogists are typically looking for at ScotlandsPeople and similar agency websites.

ScotlandsPeople is empowered by the Scottish Parliament to charge some "document" processing fees even when it's simply automatically popping PDFs out of a database and no human labour is involved. But let's see the actual statute and what it says. Where is it? This is pretty shady, since a freedom-of-information request, involving dead-trees paperwork and a bunch of real-human time on both ends, could compel that agency to divulge the same data.

And it is not the only one doing this. I ran into another a few days ago (not NationalArchives.gov.uk, at which documents are generally free, as long as you create a free account to which to attach them for download). I forgot to take note of which other UK agency was charging, but I recall that they made a specific claim that they were statutorily required to do so. Of course, they did not actually name the allenged statute, and this appears to be a false statement, unless there really is a strange and very particular piece of legislation requiring one very specific agency to charge the public for one very specific sort of information. So, where is it?

Whatever the situational particulars are for certain agency/department websites, our material at present is making too broad a claim about the UK's approach to public records access, and needs to be clearer that while there may be some kind of vague "administrative support or preference" high up in the government for releasing material under the OGL, various lower-level agencies are not playing along, and are [ab]using public-records access as a revenue stream. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  16:47, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crown copyright


text:
Talk:Janet Suzman

Untitled
Suzman tends to run towards classical works ...

Needs rewrite

Fair use rationale for Image:Janet Suzman.jpeg
Image:Janet Suzman.jpeg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:57, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

The photo clearly shows and is correctly labelled as Dame Janet Suzman in the role of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The photo is already used on the wikipedia article on the film, Nicholas and Alexandra. Suzaman played the leading female role alongside Michael Jayston as Nicholas II. Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.134.173.216 (talk) 03:09, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:RodericNoble291.jpg
The image Image:RodericNoble291.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

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Dame Janet Suzman is patron of 1623 theatre company
On Friday 12 September 2014 at a public event called Shakespeare Night at QUAD in Derby, Dame Janet Suzman agreed to become the patron of 1623 theatre company, which specialises in Shakespeare through performance, learning, participation and training. More details at http://www.1623theatre.co.uk/news/latest-news/307-dame-janet-suzman-is-our-new-patron — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.145.58.146 (talk) 19:41, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Janet Suzman