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Dafydd Iwan

Dafydd Iwan Jones (born 24 August 1943) is a Welsh singer and nationalist politician who rose to fame writing and performing folk music in the Welsh language. From 2003 to 2010, Iwan was the president of Plaid Cymru, a political party which advocates for Welsh independence from the UK.

Early life
Dafydd Iwan Jones was born in Brynamman, Carmarthenshire. One of four boys, his siblings include the actor Huw Ceredig and the politician Alun Ffred Jones. His paternal grandfather, Fred Jones, was a member of the Bardic family Teulu'r Cilie, and a founding member of Plaid Cymru. He spent most of his youth in Bala in Gwynedd before attending the University of Wales, Cardiff, where he studied architecture.

Musical career
Iwan's earliest material was Welsh translations of songs by American folk/protest singers (Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Bob Dylan) until he began to write his first ballads. The most prominent of these were political, including the satirical song, "Carlo" ("Charles"). This was written for the investiture of the Prince of Wales in 1969. Iwan has also written love ballads and variations on traditional Welsh folk tunes.

By the late 1960s, he was receiving television coverage both for his music and for his political activities as a member of Cymdeithas yr Iaith. He was imprisoned in 1970 for his refusal to pay fines for defacing English-language road signs as part of the fight for Welsh-language rights, serving three weeks of a three-month sentence. This event was commemorated in his song "Pam fod eira'n wyn?" ("Why is snow white?"). His song "Peintio'r byd yn wyrdd" ("Painting the World Green") was regarded as a "battle hymn" of the road signs campaign.

During the 1970s, his political interests (and songs) took in such themes as Pinochet's Chile, Welsh devolution, the Vietnam War and the Northern Ireland troubles. Later songs mention events such as the Tiananmen Square massacre (1989), the Gulf War (1990) and opencast mining in the south Wales valleys (1995).

In 1982 and 1983, Iwan embarked on two tours (and accompanying records) with the folk group Ar Log.

Around the turn of the millennium, he signalled an end to regular performances, although he remains an occasional performer.

Yma o Hyd
"Yma O Hyd" ("Still Here") was released in 1981 to “raise the spirits, to remind people we still speak Welsh against all odds. To show we are still here". Since then, the song has become an unofficial Welsh anthem as well as an unofficial anthem for the Wales national football team.

In January 2020, the song reached number one in the UK iTunes chart, spurred on by purchases by supporters of Welsh independence group YesCymru. The campaign mirrored the success of the Wolfe Tones song "Come Out, Ye Black and Tans" earlier that month.

The song was also sung live by Dafydd Iwan before Wales' last two games of their first successful FIFA World Cup qualification since 1958. Gareth Bale, the Welsh captain also led the Welsh team singing along with Dafydd Iwan after the final match. The performance and Wales's qualification led to the song returning to number one in the UK iTunes chart.

Public life
Using his architecture studies, in 1971 Iwan was one of the founders of Cymdeithas Tai Gwynedd (Gwynedd Housing Association) and was involved in other projects to provide homes for the local population in north-west Wales.

Dafydd Iwan was one of the founders of Recordiau Sain Cyf (Sain Records Ltd), one of the main Welsh music labels.

Formerly a Plaid Cymru councillor in Gwynedd, he lost his seat in the May 2008 local elections.

Iwan's long service to the Welsh language led to his being made an honorary member of the Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod at Bangor in 1971.

Iwan escaped a driving ban (for speeding offences) in October 2003 on the basis that he needed to drive for his musical and political duties.

Iwan became President of Plaid Cymru in 2003.

As part of his campaign seeking re-election as President of Plaid Cymru, Iwan launched a campaign blog Dafydd 4 President in July 2008.

On 22 October 2011, Dafydd and his wife Bethan came to watch the Welsh derby, Wrexham A.F.C. vs Newport County A.F.C. Dafydd sang his hit song "Yma O Hyd" in front of a crowd of 4,000 before the teams came out. He was invited to sing by the new Wrexham FC Supporters Group, who chose their name "Yma O Hyd" after his song.

In July 2023, Iwan was awarded an honorary degree from Bangor University, in Bangor, Gwynedd, for his "contribution to Welsh Culture, Language, Music and the Arts."

Albums

 * Yma Mae 'Nghân (1972) (Here's My Song)
 * Mae'r Darnau yn Disgyn i'w Lle (1976) (The Pieces Fall into Place)
 * Carlo a Chaneuon Eraill (1977) (Carlo and Other Songs)
 * 20 o Ganeuon Gorau (20 best songs'')
 * I'r Gad (1977) (To The War)
 * Bod yn Rhydd (1979) (Being Free)
 * Ar Dan (Live) (1981)
 * Rhwng Hwyl a Thaith (with Ar Log) (1982) (Between Fun and Tour)
 * Yma o Hyd (With Ar Log) (1983) (Still Here)
 * Gwinllan a Roddwyd (1986) (Donated Vineyard)
 * Dal I Gredu (1991) (Still Believe)
 * Caneuon Gwerin (1994) (Folk Songs)
 * Cân Celt (1995) (Celt Song)
 * Y Caneuon Cynnar (1998) (Early Songs)
 * Yn Fyw Cyfrol 1 (2001) (Live Volume 1)
 * Yn Fyw Cyfrol 2 (2002) (Live Volume 2)
 * Goreuon Dafydd Iwan (2006) (Best of Dafydd Iwan)
 * Man Gwyn (White Space) (song about the early Welsh emigration to Patagonia and North America) (2007)
 * Dos I ganu (2009) (Go To Sing)
 * Cana Dy Gân (2012) (Sing Your Song) (complete 212 song collection)
 * Emynau (2015) (Hymns)
 * Ugain O'r Galon (2018) (From the Heart)

title: Dafydd Iwan


text:
Salt Lake, Hawaii

Salt Lake is a neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii on the island of O‘ahu. The area is also known as Āliamanu after a nearby crater, although Salt Lake itself is in a crater called Ālia pa‘akai — meaning "salt pond" in the Hawaiian language. The Salt Lake community was developed in the 1960s during a construction boom, providing residents with an expansive view of downtown Honolulu and the sugarcane plantations of the central plain of O‘ahu. It is a community of high-rise condominiums, mid-rise town-dwellings, and houses snaking around the remnants of a now freshwater lake.

The U.S. Postal Code for Salt Lake is 96818. Salt Lake is a part of the 15th District of the Hawaii Senate, currently represented by State Senator Glenn Wakai and the 32nd District of the Hawaii House of Representatives, currently represented by Linda Ichiyama. It is also a part of Council District VII of the City and County of Honolulu, currently represented by Radiant Cordero.

Geography and history
The Salt Lake community is built in the larger and easternmost of three overlapping, low profile, tuff cones or volcanic craters: Makalapa, Āliamanu and Āliapa‘akai. A lake, at one time 1.5 km across (20 ha) but very shallow, formed in the bowl of Āliapa‘akai fed by freshwater springs or possibly seawater seepages (Alexander, 1926 in Maciolek, 1982). Because the lake had no outlet, water loss was largely by evaporation, concentrating salts. Up until 1910, the lake was regularly so salty that salt deposits formed around the shore. In that year, an artesian well was dug to bring the water level higher (and salt content lower) for use as a mullet fish pond; a tunnel, dug through the southeast rim of the crater, controlled the water level and provided an outlet (Macdonald, Abbott, and Peterson. 1983). This act, and later construction of a larger drainage outlet, eventually removed the salt from Salt Lake.

An ahupuaa in ancient Hawaii was a land division that stretched from a mountain to the sea. The area called Moanalua eventually became the property of the estate of Samuel M. Damon. Before him, it belonged to the House of Kamehameha. Damon was involved with the Provisional Government of Hawaii that took power after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and abdication of Queen Liliuokalani. Damon later became one of the first trustees of the Kamehameha Schools with his business partner philanthropist Charles Reed Bishop. The Damon estate sold some of the land to commercial and residential developers in 1956. After statehood, Governor of Hawaii John A. Burns promoted the development as a modernization project. In 1966 the lake was filled in except for a pond in the Honolulu Country Club golf course at 21.355°N, -157.90778°W.

Roadways
Salt Lake's growth was mainly attributed to the ease (in those days) with which residents could travel to and from downtown Honolulu and Waikīkī, where many worked. Salt Lake's main street is Salt Lake Boulevard, running the length of the community, from Moanalua High School to Aloha Stadium, connecting Puuloa Road (State Route 66) and Kamehameha Highway (State Route 99). Its major arteries are Ala Ilima Street, Likini Street, Ala Lilikoi Street and Ala Napunani Street. Most of Salt Lake's residential streets are named after native flora and fauna. For example, the ‘ilima is the official flower of the City & County of Honolulu.

Highways and freeways passing close by Salt Lake include the Queen Lili'uokalani Freeway (no exits or entrances), Moanalua Freeway (Exit 2 – Ala Napunani; Exit 3 – Puuloa Road), and Nimitz Highway (State Rte. 92).

Military
Salt Lake is almost surrounded by military installations. Nearby Fort Shafter is the headquarters of the United States Army Pacific. Hickam Air Force Base is headquarters of the United States Pacific Air Forces. Pearl Harbor is headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. United States Pacific Command is to the north of Salt Lake at Camp H. M. Smith. Tripler Army Medical Center, visible on the heights to the northeast, is the principal U.S. military medical facility for Asia and the Pacific Basin. Coast Artillery Battery Tiernon, which mounted 2 X 3" guns, was located at Salt Lake for the protection of Pearl Harbor.

Airport
Although not regarded as part of Salt Lake, the Honolulu International Airport is very close, just to the south. The area surrounding the airport is often referred to as the airport district, a commercial and retail region built up along Nimitz Highway. Located there are office buildings, the main United States Postal Service center in the state, and Ke'ehi Lagoon.

Community
A 2003 special feature of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin classified Salt Lake as affluent upper-middle class with equal distribution of European Americans and second and third generations of Filipino Americans and Japanese Americans. Korean American families have also been making their presence known most recently. There are under 30,000 people living in Salt Lake. Based on surveys compiled by the University of Hawaii, residents are composed of mostly Honolulu professionals and military officers choosing to live off base. The neighborhood community is home to the families of officers and enlisted servicemen from the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard and Navy.

According to the 2000 report of the United States Census Bureau, Salt Lake ranked eighth of all the neighborhood communities in Hawai‘i in terms of median annual household income. It ranked second in median home values, then $875,000. Waikīkī was highest.

Education
Moanalua High School was opened in 1972 in the newly developed community. It was dubbed by the Honolulu Advertiser as the Private School of Public Schools. This compares it to Iolani School and Punahou School. Also serving the community are Radford High School, Aliamanu Elementary School and Aliamanu Middle School, formerly known as Aliamanu Intermediate School until 1997. Salt Lake Elementary School hugs the slopes of the Aliamanu crater. There are two schools serving the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, Holy Family Catholic Academy and the Saint Philomena Early Learning Center at Saint Philomena Church.

Commercial center
The commercial center of Salt Lake is Salt Lake Shopping Center, bound by Ala Ilima Street, Ala Lilikoi Street and Salt Lake Boulevard. Its anchor tenants are a Safeway grocery store, a Longs Drugs store and the only McDonald's in the region. In the 1980s, Mayor of Honolulu Frank Fasi established a mobile satellite city hall at Salt Lake Shopping Center to provide city services for residents without having to travel into City Hall. Salt Lake Shopping Center at one time was home to the Salt Lake Moanalua branch of the Hawaii State Public Library System until it moved to the campus of Aliamanu Elementary and Middle Schools.

Parks
Salt Lake is considered a green neighborhood community, endowed with large stretches of park lands. The largest of the parks is Salt Lake District Park renovated in 2003. The park has hiking trails around the slopes of Āliamanu and Āliapa‘akai craters. Salt Lake District Park has playing fields, basketball and tennis courts, multipurpose buildings and a gymnasium operated by the City & County of Honolulu. A 50-meter swimming pool is the newest addition.

Smaller parks in the midst of high-rise condominiums include Salt Lake Municipal Park, which hosts the People's Market each Saturday morning. Established by former Mayor Frank Fasi, the People's Market allows Salt Lake residents to purchase fresh produce and fish from independent local producers. Hoa Aloha Park on Ala Ilima Street is the site of weekend soccer games.

Community events
Salt Lake is home to various public annual events:
 * Menehune Classic is held in the fall, opening the competitive marching band season. One of the most important music festivals in Honolulu, various high school marching bands perform at the Moanalua High School football field showing off skill and precision. Moanalua High School is home to one of the preeminent marching bands in the state, having performed throughout the world.
 * Winter Craft Fair is held each December as entrepreneurs gather on the campus of Moanalua High School to sell their unique goods and fresh, hot food. A similar craft fair is held each spring.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Salt Lake, Hawaii


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Talk:Eusebio Francisco Kino

What is Pimería Alta? Is it southern Arizona? RickK | Talk 03:46, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eusebio Francisco Kino


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Novelette

Novelette may also refer to:

 * Novelette (ballet), a solo modern dance work choreographed by Martha Graham
 * Novelette (music), a short piece of lyrical music
 * Novelette (literature), a work of narrative prose fiction that is longer than a short story but shorter than a novella
 * Novelette, the central character of Trey Anthony's 2001 play Da Kink in My Hair

title: Novelette


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Photophobia

Photophobia is a medical symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light. As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes, though the term is sometimes additionally applied to abnormal or irrational fear of light, such as heliophobia. The term photophobia comes from the Greek φῶς (phōs), meaning "light", and φόβος (phóbos), meaning "fear".

Causes
Patients may develop photophobia as a result of several different medical conditions, related to the eye, the nervous system, genetic, or other causes.

Photophobia may manifest itself in an increased response to light starting at any step in the visual system, such as: Common causes of photophobia include migraine headaches, TMJ, cataracts, Sjögren syndrome, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), or severe ophthalmologic diseases such as uveitis or corneal abrasion. A more extensive list follows:
 * Too much light entering the eye. Too much light can enter the eye if it is damaged, such as with corneal abrasion and retinal damage, or if its pupil is unable to normally constrict (seen with damage to the oculomotor nerve).
 * Due to albinism, the lack of pigment in the colored part of the eyes (irises) makes them somewhat translucent. This means that the irises cannot completely block light from entering the eye.
 * Overstimulation of the photoreceptors in the retina
 * Excessive electric impulses to the optic nerve
 * Excessive response in the central nervous system

Eye-related
Causes of photophobia relating directly to the eye itself include:

 * Achromatopsia
 * Aniridia
 * Anticholinergic drugs may cause photophobia by paralyzing the iris sphincter muscle
 * Aphakia
 * Blepharitis
 * Buphthalmos
 * Cataracts
 * Coloboma
 * Cone dystrophy
 * Congenital abnormalities of the eye
 * Viral conjunctivitis
 * Corneal abrasion
 * Corneal dystrophy
 * Corneal ulcer
 * Disruption of the corneal epithelium, such as that caused by a corneal foreign body or keratitis
 * Ectopia lentis
 * Endophthalmitis
 * Eye trauma caused by disease, injury, or infection such as chalazion, episcleritis, keratoconus, or optic nerve hypoplasia
 * Hydrophthalmos, or congenital glaucoma
 * Iritis
 * Isotretinoin has been associated with photophobia
 * Optic neuritis
 * Pigment dispersion syndrome
 * Pupillary dilation (naturally or chemically induced)
 * Retinal detachment
 * Scarring of the cornea or sclera
 * Uveitis

Nervous-system-related
Neurological causes for photophobia include:

 * Autism spectrum disorders
 * Chiari malformation
 * Dyslexia
 * Encephalitis, including myalgic encephalomyelitis
 * Meningitis
 * Trigeminal disturbance causes central sensitization (hence, multiple other associated hypersensitivities). Causes can be bad bite, infected tooth, etc.
 * Progressive supranuclear palsy, where photophobia can sometimes precede the clinical diagnosis by years
 * Subarachnoid haemorrhage
 * Tumor of the posterior cranial fossa
 * Visual snow along with many symptoms

Other causes

 * Ankylosing spondylitis
 * Albinism
 * Ariboflavinosis
 * Benzodiazepines
 * Chemotherapy
 * Chikungunya
 * Cystinosis
 * Drug withdrawal
 * Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
 * Infectious mononucleosis
 * Influenza
 * Magnesium deficiency
 * Mercury poisoning
 * Migraine
 * Rabies
 * Tyrosinemia type II
 * Superior canal dehiscence syndrome

Treatment
Treatment for light sensitivity addresses the underlying cause, whether it be an eye, nervous system or other cause. If the triggering factor or underlying cause can be identified and treated, photophobia may disappear. Tinted glasses are sometimes used.

Artificial light
People with photophobia may feel eye pain from even moderate levels of artificial light and avert their eyes from artificial light sources. Ambient levels of artificial light may also be intolerable to persons afflicted with photophobia such that they dim or remove the light source, or go into a dimmer lit room, such a one lit by refraction of light from outside the room. Alternatively, they may wear dark sunglasses, sunglasses designed to filter peripheral light, precision tinted glasses, and/or wide-brimmed sun hats or baseball caps. Some types of photophobia may be helped with the use of precision tinted lenses which block the green-to-blue end of the light spectrum without blurring or impeding vision.

Other strategies for relieving photophobia include the use of tinted contact lenses and/or the use of prescription eye drops that constrict the pupil, thus reducing the amount of light entering the eye. Such strategies may be limited by the amount of light needed for proper vision under given conditions, however. Dilating drops may also help relieve eye pain from muscle spasms or seizures triggered by lighting/migraine, allowing a person to "ride out the migraine" in a dark or dim room. A paper by Stringham and Hammond, published in the Journal of Food Science, reviews studies of effects of consuming Lutein and Zeaxanthin on visual performance, and notes a decrease in sensitivity to glare.

Disability
Photophobia may preclude or limit a person from working in places where lighting is used, unless the person is able to obtain a reasonable accommodation like being allowed to wear tinted glasses. Some people with photophobia may thereby be better able to work at night or be more easily accommodated in the workplace at night.

Outdoor night lighting may be equally offensive for persons with photophobia, however, given the wide variety of bright lighting used for illuminating residential, commercial and industrial areas, such as LED (light-emitting diode) lamps.

The increasing popularity of "overpoweringly intense" LED headlights being used on "pickups and S.U.V.s" has prompted more frequent reports of photophobia among motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians.

title: Photophobia


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HMAS Samarai (P 85)

HMAS Samarai (P 85), named after the island of Samarai and its former town, was an Attack-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Completed in 1968, the vessel was one of five assigned to the RAN's Papua New Guinea (PNG) Division. The patrol boat was transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in 1974 as HMPNGS Samarai. She remained in service until 1987, when she was paid off and used as a parts hulk.

Design and construction
The Attack class was ordered in 1964 to operate in Australian waters as patrol boats (based on lessons learned through using the Ton-class minesweepers on patrols of Borneo during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, and to replace a variety of old patrol, search-and-rescue, and general-purpose craft. Initially, fourteen were ordered for the RAN, five of which were intended for the Papua New Guinea Division of the RAN, although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels.

The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load, were 107.6 ft in length overall, had a beam of 20 ft, and draughts of 6.4 ft at standard load, and 7.3 ft at full load. Propulsion machinery consisted of two 16-cylinder Paxman YJCM diesel engines, which supplied 3460 shp to the two propellers. The vessels could achieve a top speed of 24 kn, and had a range of 1200 nmi at 13 kn. The ship's company consisted of three officers and sixteen sailors. Main armament was a bow-mounted Bofors 40 mm gun, supplemented by two .50-calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms. The ships were designed with as many commercial components as possible: the Attacks were to operate in remote regions of Australia and New Guinea, and a town's hardware store would be more accessible than home base in a mechanical emergency.

Samarai was built by Evans Deakin and Company at Brisbane, Queensland. Samarai was launched on 14 July 1967, and commissioned on 1 March 1968.

Operational history
Samarai arrived in Port Moresby on 16 April 1968, before travelling with her sister ship Aitape for her home port at the RAN base HMAS Tarangau at Los Negros Island, Manus Province on 3 January 1968. Primary roles of the new patrol boats were fisheries protection and sea training, but also undertook search and rescue, medical evacuation and monitoring of navigational aids roles. The ship's company was made up of both Australian and PNG servicemen. Prior to the arrival of the Attack-class patrol boats, surveillance of PNG waters was conducted by small coastal craft and occasional visits by larger RAN warships, but the PNG Division was now able to chase and apprehend vessels suspected of illegal fishing.

Samarai was one of the five Attack-class patrol boats of the RAN PNG Division transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force's (PNGDF) Maritime Element (now Maritime Operations Element) on 14 November 1974 when the PNGDF took over maritime functions from the RAN. They formed the PNGDF Patrol Boat Squadron based at Manus.

Samarai was paid off in 1987, and was used as a parts hulk.

title: HMAS Samarai (P 85)


text:
Belle

Belle may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Belle (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
 * Belle (surname), a list of people
 * Southern belle, a stock character representing a young woman of the American South's upper class

Brands and enterprises

 * Belle Air, a former airline with headquarters in Tirana, Albania
 * Belle Air Europe, a subsidiary of Belle Air in the Kosovo
 * Belle Baby Carriers, an American baby carrier manufacturer
 * Belle International, a Chinese footwear retailer

Film and television

 * Belle (1973 film), a Belgian-French drama film by André Delvaux
 * Belle (2013 film), a British film by Amma Asante
 * Belle (2021 film), a Japanese animated film by Mamoru Hosoda
 * Belle's, an American comedy TV series that premiered in 2013

Music

 * Belle (album), a 2011 album by Bic Runga
 * "Belle" (Patrick Fiori, Daniel Lavoie and Garou song), a song from the 1998 musical adaptation of Victor Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris
 * "Belle" (Disney song), a song written for Disney's 1991 film Beauty and the Beast
 * Belle (2014 soundtrack), the soundtrack for the 2013 British drama film Belle
 * Belle (2021 soundtrack), the soundtrack for the 2021 Japanese animated film Belle
 * Belle, a 1961 musical by Wolf Mankowitz (lyrics) and Monty Norman (music)
 * "Belle", a 1977 song written by Al Green, Fred Jordan and Reuben Fairfax, Jr.

Places

 * Belle, Flanders or Bailleul, Nord, a commune in France
 * Belle, Udupi, a village in India
 * Belle, Missouri, a town in the United States
 * Belle, West Virginia, a town in the United States
 * Belle River (disambiguation)

Railway trains

 * Bournemouth Belle, a named train run by the Southern Railway (Great Britain) from 1931 until 1948
 * Brighton Belle, a passenger train operated by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway
 * Devon Belle, a passenger train operated by the Southern Railway and then British Railways from 1947 to 1954

Science and technology

 * Belle (chess machine), an early chess computer
 * Belle experiment, an accelerator-based particle physics experiment
 * Belle, the current version of Nokia's Symbian mobile operating system

Ships

 * La Belle (ship), a ship lost in 1686 during a French colonization attempt in Texas
 * USCS Belle (1848), a survey ship in service with the United Coast Survey from 1848 to 1857
 * USS Belle (1864), a Union Navy steamer in the American Civil War

Sports teams

 * Battle Creek Belles, part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (1951–1952)
 * Doncaster Belles, now Doncaster Rovers Belles L.F.C., an English semi-professional women's football club
 * Memphis Belles, member of the Independent Women's Football League
 * Muskegon Belles, part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (1953)
 * Racine Belles, a team of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943–1950)

Other uses

 * Belle (card game), a 17th-century gambling card game
 * Belle (magazine), an Australian design magazine
 * Hurricane Belle, a storm of the 1976 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Belle


text:
Sibuyan Sea

The Sibuyan Sea is a small sea in the Philippines that separates the Visayas from the northern Philippine island of Luzon.

It is bounded by the island of Panay to the south, Mindoro to the west, Masbate to the east, and to the north Marinduque and the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon Island.

The Sibuyan Sea is connected to the Sulu Sea via the Tablas Strait in the west, the South China Sea via the Isla Verde Passage in the northwest, and the Visayan Sea via the Jintotolo Channel in the south-east. The Romblon Islands lie within the Sibuyan Sea.

History
The sea was the site of the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea on October 24, 1944, where the Japanese battleship Musashi was sunk and other ships were damaged.

title: Sibuyan Sea


text:
USS Farragut (DDG-37)

USS Farragut (DLG-6/DDG-37) was the lead ship of her class of guided-missile destroyers (originally destroyer leaders) built for the United States Navy during the 1950s.

Design and description
The Farragut class was the first class of missile-armed carrier escorts to be built as such for the USN. The ships had an overall length of 512 ft, a beam of 52 ft and a deep draft of 17 ft. They displaced 5648 LT at full load. Their crew consisted of 23 officers and 337 enlisted men.

The ships were equipped with two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by 4 water-tube boilers. The turbines were intended to produce 85000 shp to reach the designed speed of 32 kn. The Farragut class had a range of 5000 nmi at a speed of 20 kn.

The Farragut-class ships were armed with a 5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun forward and two twin mounts for 3-inch/50-caliber guns, one on each broadside amidships. They were fitted with an eight-round ASROC launcher between the 5-inch (127 mm) gun and the bridge. The Farragut (DDG-37) was the only ship of her class that had an ASROC magazine mounted behind the launcher. The class was already top-heavy and the addition of the magazine reportedly made it worse, so the decision was made not to equip the other nine ships with magazines. Close-range anti-submarine defense was provided by two triple sets of 12.75 in Mk 32 torpedo tubes. The primary armament of the Farraguts was the Terrier anti-aircraft missile designed to defend the carrier battle group. They were fired via the dual-arm Mark 10 launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.

Construction and career
Farragut, named for Admiral David Glasgow Farragut, was laid down as DLG-6 by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Quincy, Massachusetts, on 3 June 1957, launched on 15 July 1958 by Mrs. H. D. Felt, wife of the Vice Chief of Naval Operations and commissioned on 10 December 1960. Farragut was reclassified as a guided missile destroyer on 30 June 1975 and designated DDG-37. USS Farragut was decommissioned on 31 October 1989, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 November 1992 and sold for scrap on 16 December 1994. On 26 September 2006 a contract to dismantle ex-Farragut was awarded to International Shipbreaking Limited of Brownsville, Texas. The ship's bell is currently being kept and preserved at Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida.

title: USS Farragut (DDG-37)


text:
Le Journal de Montréal

Le Journal de Montréal is a daily French-language tabloid newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It has the largest circulation of any newspaper in Quebec and is also the largest French-language daily newspaper in North America. Established by Pierre Péladeau in 1964, it is owned by Quebecor Media, and is hence a sister publication of TVA flagship CFTM-DT. It is also Canada's largest tabloid newspaper. Its head office is located on 4545 Frontenac Street in Montreal.

Le Journal de Montréal covers mostly local and provincial news, as well as sports, arts and justice. It is known for its sensationalist news, and its columnists who are often public figures. Since 2013 the newspaper also has an investigation desk that published several major news stories about Quebec's politics, businesses, crime and national security. It is the only Montreal newspaper that prints on Sundays since La Presse and The Gazette dropped their Sunday editions (La Presse has had an electronic edition on Sunday since the launch of La Presse +).

Its success is attributed to its ability to nail the zeitgeist of le Québec profond: defensively nationalist, excessively proud and self-consciously wary of political elites.

History
Taking advantage of a labor dispute in La Presse, the leading daily newspaper in Montreal at the time, businessman Pierre Péladeau launched a new tabloid newspaper. The first issue was launched on newsstands June 15, 1964. Although Péladeau's newspaper would evolve for several years, the first edition was compiled in a single weekend.

Over the years, the newspaper gained a substantial share of increasingly important market, sending a significant number of copies to the American state of Florida—Florida is a popular destination for snowbird Quebecers.

In the wake of its expansion, the paper enlisted the services of several renowned journalists who previously had worked for competitors, including Jacques Beauchamp and André Rufiange. But one of the key journalists of this tabloid was Gérard Cellier, a French immigrant who landed in Quebec in 1956. When launching the Le Journal de Montréal, Pierre Peladeau could rely on Cellier's services to carry out the destiny of the tabloid. Appointed Director in 1964, Cellier remained in office until 1985, eventually becoming director of information and production. For 21 years he was largely responsible for the success of this newspaper, and in many respects, was one of the spearheads of the Quebecor empire. He died of cancer in 1997.

The Courrier du cœur was maintained by the Réjeanne Desrameaux, a prominent personality in the arts in Quebec. Then, following the death of Desrameaux, Solange Harvey took over the column, known as 'Le courrier de Solange' for 25 years. She was hired by Jacques Beauchamp in 1976.

Le Journal de Montréal earned a reputation as a sports and news item oriented newspaper until the early 2000s. Inspired by the tabloids of Britain, it has gradually specialized in investigating reports and infiltrations. The space allocated to news items has decreased significantly and opinion pages have appeared.

Le Journal de Montréal has a more populist tone than that of its main competitors. It is also distinguished by its investigative journalism. In 2003, one of its journalists, Brigitte McCann, infiltrated the Raëlians, over the course of nine months, before publishing a series of reports and eventually a book. Following a series of investigations into the Hells Angels motorcycle gang, reporter Michel Auger became the victim of an attempted assassination by individuals associated with the outlaw motorcycle gang.

In September 2005, the newspaper underwent a major graphical overhaul to make it appear more modern. This change was accompanied by the addition of several new columnists, including journalist and television host Richard Martineau, former Quebec government ministers Yves Séguin and Joseph Facal, former federal government Minister Sheila Copps, former hockey player Guy Lafleur and the ex-hacker Mafiaboy.

On January 24, 2009, Quebecor Media locked out 243 of its unionized staff, who are members of the Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux. At the heart of the dispute, was the increased convergence between media outlets in the group, job cuts in the classified advertising and accounting departments, and the lengthening of the workweek. Three days after the conflict began, a strike mandate was passed by the affected employees. The locked out workers published their own, competing newspaper, called Rue Frontenac, which was published on paper weekly and more often online. Le Journal de Montréal continued to publish with the use of strikebreakers, managers, and wire services. After 25 months on strike, 64% of unionized employees agreed to a settlement proposal submitted by an arbitrator to the case.

Circulation
Le Journal de Montréal has seen like most Canadian daily newspapers a decline in circulation. Its total circulation dropped by 0 percent to 232,332 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.

 * Daily average

Columnists

 * Benôit Aubin
 * Michel Beaudry
 * Mathieu Bock-Côté
 * Denise Bombardier
 * Julie Couture
 * Christian Dufour
 * Éric Duhaime
 * Mario Dumont
 * Sophie Durocher
 * Nathalie Elgrably-Lévy
 * Joseph Facal
 * Guy Fournier
 * Michel Hébert
 * Richard Latendresse
 * Jean-Marc Léger
 * Isabelle Maréchal
 * Richard Martineau
 * Jean-Luc Mongrain
 * Gilles Proulx
 * Lise Ravary
 * Jean-Jacques Samson

title: Le Journal de Montréal


text:
Lake Nipissing

Lake Nipissing (lac Nipissing, ᑭᒋᓂᐲᓐᓯᓐᓵᑲᐃᑲᓐ) is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a surface area of 873.3 km2, a mean elevation of 196 m above sea level, and is located between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay. Lake Nipissing is the third-largest lake entirely in Ontario. It is relatively shallow for a large lake, with an average depth of only 4.5 m. The shallowness of the lake makes for many sandbars along the lake's irregular shoreline. The lake reaches a maximum depth of 64 m (210 ft) near the mouth of the French River, off the shore of Blueberry Island. The lake has many islands most of which are protected under the Protection of Significant Wetlands scheme, controlled by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

The largest population centre on the lake's shoreline is the city of North Bay. North Bay sits along the lake's northeastern shoreline. Other notable towns include Callander (south of North Bay along Highway 11). The larger towns toward the western end of the lake are Sturgeon Falls, Garden Village, Cache Bay and Lavigne.

Etymology
The lake's name comes from the Ojibwe language word ᓂᐲᓐᓯᓐ nibiinsing which means "at little water" The name of the lake in the Ojibwe language of the surrounding indigenous communities (Dokis and Nipissing First Nations) is Gichi-nibiinsing-zaaga’igan, meaning "Big little-water lake". The name "Nipissing" was also given to many places in the area, notably the Township of Nipissing, Nipissing District, and Nipissing University.

Geography and history
Lake Nipissing drains into Georgian Bay, which is a part of Lake Huron, via the French River. Lake Nipissing lies about 25 km northwest of Algonquin Provincial Park. The French fur trader Étienne Brûlé was the first European to visit the lake in 1610. Jean Nicolet, another French trader and explorer had a "cabin and trading-house" for eight or nine years living among the Indigenous people on the shores of Lake Nipissing until 1633 when he was recalled to Quebec to become Commissary and Indian Interpreter for the "Company of the Hundred Associates." In a map dated 1776, the lake is still referred to with its French name "Lac des Sorcières".

During the American Revolutionary War, Lake Nipissing was proposed as the boundary in the instructions of the Continental Congress to John Adams, the Commissioner appointed to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain.

The first permanent European settlement on the lake dates from around 1874 with a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company on the northwest corner in what is now Sturgeon Falls. In 1882 the North-West Mounted Police established their presence on the north east shore.

The lake contains over 40 different species of fish. Numerous sport fishing lodges dot the main shoreline and can also be found on several of Nipissing's many islands. Most anglers target walleye, smallmouth bass, muskie, and northern pike. For various reasons, largely social, numerous stocking associations are engaged in attempts to manage the lake's walleye population.

In the days of fur trade, coureur des bois and later voyageurs travelled through the lake by canoe via the Mattawa and French rivers. When the fur trade started to decline in the 1880s, logging became the main economic activity. After World War I, the primary economic activity became tourism and recreation, although logging still contributes a significant economic stimulus to the area.

Unlike most lakes in Ontario, Lake Nipissing contains two volcanic pipes, which are the Manitou Islands and Callander Bay. The volcanic pipes formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. Lake Nipissing lies in the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben, a Mesozoic era rift valley that formed 175 million years ago.

Flora and fauna
The lake is home to an abundance of flora and fauna: white pine is significant, however, broadleaf trees such as aspen, ash, birch, maple and oak predominate some of the larger islands. Juniper, sumac, scrub oak, oak ferns and poison ivy can also be found. As well as much prized fish species, Nipissing wildlife includes moose, beaver, bald eagle, ospreys and turtles.

Flora
The lakeshore and islands are densely covered with broadleaved trees. Some of the larger islands on the lake such as Garden Island are almost exclusively broadleaf with maple, oak and dogwood. Many trees species can be found on and around the lake including:
 * White pine which dominates the smaller rocky islands on the lake.
 * Ash (black, mountain, red and white)
 * Aspen (trembling and largetooth)
 * Beech
 * Birch (white and yellow)
 * Dogwood
 * Elm
 * Ironwood
 * Maple (silver, striped and sugar)
 * Oak (burr and red)

Fauna
Fish - the lake is famous for the plethora of fish and the sport they provide. Of the 44 fish species to be found in Lake Nipissing, the significant include:
 * Northern pike
 * Muskie (clear or barred and spotted)
 * Walleye
 * Gar
 * Smallmouth bass
 * Yellow perch
 * Cisco or lake herring
 * Whitefish
 * Burbot
 * two species deemed to be 'at risk' by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; the northern brook lamprey and lake sturgeon

Mammals - Many mammals frequent the shores and islands of the lake, including:
 * Moose
 * Wolf
 * Black bear
 * Marten
 * Fisher
 * Red squirrel
 * Chipmunk
 * Beaver
 * Muskrat
 * Hare

Birds - These separate naturally into resident or visiting species, including: and a huge variety of ducks and geese.
 * Bald eagle
 * Osprey
 * Great blue heron
 * Mallard
 * Gull
 * Common loon
 * Double crested cormorant
 * Great horned owl
 * Trumpeter swan

title: Lake Nipissing


text:
Pulse (disambiguation)

A pulse, in physiology, is the throbbing of arteries resulting from heartbeat.

Pulse, The Pulse or Pulses may also refer to:

Botany

 * Pulse (legume), any agriculturally significant annual leguminous food crop, such as peas, beans, lentils, and chickpeas

Electronics and physics

 * Pulse (physics), a single disturbance through a transmission medium
 * Pulse (signal processing), a brief change from a baseline value
 * Pulse dialing, of a telephone

Books and publications

 * Pulse (magazine), a medical professional's magazine
 * Pulse! (magazine), a music magazine
 * Pulse (Augustus), a character in the Marvel Comics universe
 * Pulse (short story collection), a short story collection by Julian Barnes
 * Pulse, a book by Robert Frenay
 * The Pulse, the signal transmitted from cell phones that made people go crazy in Stephen King's novel Cell
 * The Pulse (comics), a Marvel Comics series
 * Pulse (webtoon), a Lezhin Comics series

Film

 * Pulse (1988 film), a horror film starring Cliff De Young
 * Pulse (1995 film), a video by the band Pink Floyd
 * Pulse (2001 film) or Kairo, a Japanese horror film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa
 * Octane (film), a 2002 thriller film released in the U.S. as Pulse
 * Pulse: A Stomp Odyssey, a 2002 short documentary
 * Pulse (2006 film), an American remake of the 2001 Japanese film
 * Pulse, a 2010 British TV film directed by James Hawes
 * Pulse (2017 film), an Australian film
 * Pulse Films, a film company headquartered in London

Radio

 * Pulse 1, an independent FM radio station in West Yorkshire, England
 * Pulse 2, an independent AM radio station in West Yorkshire, England
 * Pulse! Radio, a student-run radio station at the London School of Economics, England
 * KVIT is a Mesa, Arizona-based, student-run radio station operated by the East Valley Institute of Technology that is branded The Pulse
 * WKJO (FM), a radio station (102.3 FM) licensed to Smithfield, North Carolina, which was called Pulse 102 from 2010 to 2014
 * WKXU (FM), a radio station (102.5 FM) licensed to Hillsborough, North Carolina, which was called Pulse FM from 2010 to 2022
 * WPLW-FM, a radio station (96.9 FM) licensed to Goldsboro, North Carolina, which is called Pulse FM
 * WTPL, a radio station (107.7 FM) licensed to Hillsboro, New Hampshire, which is called The Pulse of NH
 * WEMJ, a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Laconia, New Hampshire, which simulcasts WTPL
 * WTSN (AM), a radio station (1270 AM) licensed to Dover, New Hampshire, which simulcasts WTPL
 * 94.7 The Pulse, an Australian community radio station from Geelong, Victoria
 * The Pulse (SiriusXM), a hot AC channel on Sirius XM Radio
 * The Pulse (Sirius), the original Sirius incarnation on Channel 9 until November 12, 2008
 * Sounds of the Seasons: The Pulse, a Music Choice ambient music channel
 * The Pulse (radio), a college basketball program that aired on ESPN Radio
 * The Pulse, a health and science radio show on WHYY-FM

Television

 * Pulse (TV channel), a media stream based on video games and sports
 * Pulse (American TV series), a videogame news program aired on G4TV
 * Pulse (Australian TV series), a 2017 drama lasting eight episodes
 * The Pulse (TV programme), RTHK English-language current affairs programme

Video games

 * Pulse (video game), a 2011 music video game by Cipher Prime

Music

 * Pulse (music), a rhythmic succession of sounds

Groups

 * Pulse (American band), an American dance/house project
 * Pulse (UK band), a UK group, winners of the reality TV show Dance X
 * Twist and Pulse, an English street dance band
 * Pulse Percussion, a competitive indoor drumline that competes in WGI

Albums

 * Pulse (Front 242 album), 2003
 * Pulse (Toni Braxton album), 2010
 * Pulse (Thomas Giles album), 2011
 * Pulse (Megumi Hayashibara album), 1994
 * Pulse (Greg Phillinganes album), 1984
 * Pulse (Pink Floyd album), 1995
 * Pulses (Karmin album), 2014
 * Pulses (The Fast Feeling album), 2017

Songs

 * "Pulse" (song), by Fluke
 * "Pulse", a song by Erra from Augment
 * "Pulse", a song by Loop from Fade Out
 * "Pulse", a song by The Mad Capsule Markets from Osc-Dis
 * "Pulse", a song by Mushroomhead from A Wonderful Life
 * "Pulse", a song by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from History of Modern
 * "Pulse", a song by The Psychedelic Furs from The Psychedelic Furs
 * "Pulse", a song by Nebula from the 2009 album Heavy Psych

Technology

 * Pulse (ALM), a proprietary application lifecycle management technology
 * Pulse (app), a news aggregator app for Android and the iPad, now owned by LinkedIn
 * Pulse (interbank network), an electronic funds transfer network
 * PULSE (P2PTV), a peer-to-peer software
 * PULSE (Police Using Leading Systems Effectively), a computer system used by Irish police
 * Pulse Smartpen, a ballpoint pen, computer, and audio recorder manufactured by Livescribe
 * Novell Pulse, an enterprise collaboration software platform
 * T-Mobile Pulse, an Android phone manufactured by Huawei

Transportation

 * Fiat Pulse, a subcompact crossover SUV
 * GRTC Pulse, a bus rapid transit line in Richmond, Virginia
 * Pace Pulse, a bus rapid transit system in the Chicago metropolitan area
 * The Pulse, a three-wheeled electric vehicle prototype produced by Arcimoto
 * Renault Pulse, an Indian version of the supermini car Nissan Micra
 * UP Pulse, a German paraglider design
 * Pulse Litestar, a motorbike with aircraft-esque cockpit and outrigger wheels

Other

 * Pulse (confectionery), an Indian hard-boiled candy
 * Pulse (festival), an annual cultural, literary, and sports festival of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India
 * PULSE (webtoon), a lesbian webcomic
 * Providing Urban Learners Success in Education (PULSE) High School, New York City
 * Pulse nightclub, an Orlando, Florida gay bar, dance club, and nightclub where a mass shooting occurred in June 2016
 * The Pulse (shopping mall), a shopping arcade in Repulse Bay, Hong Kong
 * PULSE, an interdisciplinary project at Boston College administered by the Lonergan Institute
 * Central Pulse, a New Zealand netball team based in Wellington

title: Pulse (disambiguation)


text:
Pulse (signal processing)

A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.

Pulse shapes
Pulse shapes can arise out of a process called pulse-shaping. Optimum pulse shape depends on the application.

Rectangular pulse
These can be found in pulse waves, square waves, boxcar functions, and rectangular functions. In digital signals the up and down transitions between high and low levels are called the rising edge and the falling edge. In digital systems the detection of these sides or action taken in response is termed edge-triggered, rising or falling depending on which side of rectangular pulse. A digital timing diagram is an example of a well-ordered collection of rectangular pulses.

Nyquist pulse
A Nyquist pulse is one which meets the Nyquist ISI criterion and is important in data transmission. An example of a pulse which meets this condition is the sinc function. The sinc pulse is of some significance in signal-processing theory but cannot be produced by a real generator for reasons of causality.

In 2013, Nyquist pulses were produced in an effort to reduce the size of pulses in optical fibers, which enables them to be packed 10 times more closely together, yielding a corresponding 10-fold increase in bandwidth. The pulses were more than 99 percent perfect and were produced using a simple laser and modulator.

Dirac pulse
A Dirac pulse has the shape of the Dirac delta function. It has the properties of infinite amplitude and its integral is the Heaviside step function. Equivalently, it has zero width and an area under the curve of unity. This is another pulse that cannot be created exactly in real systems, but practical approximations can be achieved. It is used in testing, or theoretically predicting, the impulse response of devices and systems, particularly filters. Such responses yield a great deal of information about the system.

Gaussian pulse
A Gaussian pulse is shaped as a Gaussian function and is produced by the impulse response of a Gaussian filter. It has the properties of maximum steepness of transition with no overshoot and minimum group delay.

title: Pulse (signal processing)


text:
Pulse (music)

In music theory, the pulse is a series of uniformly spaced beats—either audible or implied—that sets the tempo and is the scaffolding for the rhythm. By contrast, rhythm is always audible and can depart from the pulse. So while the rhythm may become too difficult for an untrained listener to fully match, nearly any listener instinctively matches the pulse by simply tapping uniformly, despite rhythmic variations in timing of sounds alongside the pulse.

Definitions

The tempo is the speed of the pulse. If a pulse becomes too fast it would become a drone; one that is too slow would be perceived as unconnected sounds. When the period of any continuous beat is faster than 8–10 per second or slower than 1 per 1.5–2 seconds, it cannot be perceived as such. "Musical" pulses are generally specified in the range 40–240 beats per minute. The pulse is not necessarily the fastest or the slowest component of the rhythm but the one that is perceived as basic. This is currently most often designated as a crotchet (quarter note) when written (see time signature).

Pulse is related to and distinguished from rhythm (grouping), beats, and meter:

"A pulse is one of a series of regularly recurring, precisely equivalent ["undifferentiated"] stimuli. Like the tick of a metronome or a watch, pulses mark off equal units in the temporal continuum.... A sense of regular pulses, once established, tends to be continued in the mind and musculature of the listener, even though the sound has stopped.... The human mind tends to impose some sort of organization upon such equal pulses. ...

[Pulse is] an important part of musical experience. Not only is pulse necessary for the existence of meter ["there can be no meter without an underlying pulse to establish the units of measurement"], but it generally, though not always, underlies and reinforces rhythmic experience.

Meter is the measurement of the number of pulses between more or less regularly recurring accents. So for meter to exist, some of the pulses in a series must be accented—marked for consciousness—relative to others. When pulses are thus counted within a metric context, they are referred to as beats."

- Leonard B. Meyer and Cooper (1960)

Pulse groups
While ideal pulses are identical, when pulses are variously accented, this produces two- or three-pulse pulse groups such as strong–weak and strong–weak–weak and any longer group may be broken into such groups of two and three. In fact there is a natural tendency to perceptually group or differentiate an ideal pulse in this way. A repetitive, regularly accented pulse-group is called a metre. Pulses can occur at multiple metric levels – see figure. Pulse groups may be distinguished as synchronous, if all pulses on slower levels coincide with those on faster levels, and nonsynchronous, if not.

An isochronal or equally spaced pulse on one level that uses varied pulse groups (rather than just one pulse group the whole piece) create a pulse on the (slower) multiple level that is non-isochronal (a stream of 2+3... at eighth-note level would create a pulse of a quarter note+dotted quarter note as its multiple level).

title: Pulse (music)


text:
User talk:Sasha Slutsker

132
Maybe there isn't a webpage just about 132 as an expletive, but if you can show me a couple of Web pages illustrating this (something like a brand-name website would be best, but even techies' blogs will do), I will re-add this to the page on 132 and revert anyone who tries to delete it again. Anton Mravcek 21:23, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Chuck Floyd
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Chuck Floyd, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern:
 * this article is about a person whose notability is questionable.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Triple 3  D  10:41, 4 April 2009 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Triple3D (talk • contribs)

Articles for deletion nomination of First Amendment (disambiguation)
I have nominated First Amendment (disambiguation), an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/First Amendment (disambiguation). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. ThaddeusB (talk) 00:22, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sasha Slutsker


text:
La Presse (Canadian newspaper)

La Presse, founded in 1884, is a federalist, left-wing French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.

Audience and sections
La Presse is published on its website, lapresse.ca, and its mobile app, La Presse Mobile. The newspaper targets an educated, middle-class readership. Its main competitors are two Montreal print dailies, the tabloid-format Le Journal de Montréal, which aims at a more populist audience, and the more left-leaning broadsheet Le Devoir.

La Presse comprises several sections, dealing individually with arts, sports, business and economy and other themes. Its Saturday print edition (now discontinued) contained over 10 sections.

The newspaper's archives from 2000 to 2019 are available on its website.

History
The paper was founded on October 20, 1884 by William-Edmond Blumhart. Trefflé Berthiaume took over in 1889. The fledgling newspaper's circulation would soon pass that of its main competitor of the time, La Patrie.

In April 1901, the paper organized a cruise to Quebec City (Croisière de La Presse). It also organized a charity to give Christmas gifts to poor children (L'Oeuvre des étrennes aux enfants pauvres).

A front-page illustration on December 3, 1904, issue celebrated the 50th anniversary of the proclamation of the Roman Catholic dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The practice of the time was to have an illustration on the front page, rather than a photograph.

Between July 1971 and February 1972, La Presse endured a seven-month labour dispute between its then-owner Power Corporation of Canada and 11 trade unions, prompted by the introduction of new printing technology that could have jeopardized the jobs of newspaper typographers. This resulted in La Presse not being printed between October 28, 1971, and February 9, 1972. The dispute culminated in an over-10,000-strong protest in Downtown Montreal on October 29, 1971, resulting in over 200 injuries and arrests, as well as the death of the 28-year-old Michèle Gauthier, a student at Cégep du Vieux Montréal, who was caught up in the protests.

The style and presentation of the print newspaper changed immensely during the course of the 20th century. It underwent complete graphic redesigns in 1986 and 2003.

From 1984 to 2014, La Presse every year honoured a "Person of the Year", for example, Julie Payette, Daniel Langlois and Gaétan Boucher. In 1984, it also published a commemorative book in order to celebrate its 100th anniversary. A similar book was published by Éditions La Presse to recap the major events of the 20th century.

In 2001, with the arrival of news editor Guy Crevier, the newspaper began a radical remodelling. The graphic design was modernized, new sections were created, international coverage was greatly increased, and many new young, up-and-coming journalists were hired. These changes had a significant positive impact on quality and circulation, to the point that the paper is now considered a rival to Le Devoir for the title of Quebec's newspaper of record.

In 2011, La Presse rebranded its new-media operations from Cyberpresse.ca to LaPresse.ca. In 2013, the newspaper launched La Presse+, a free digital edition for iPad.

Founded in May 2015, Nuglif is a subsidiary of La Presse and the platform aims at replicating the La Presse+ business model for other publications in the daily news industry through a suite of publishing software and tools for delivery on both iPads and Android tablets.

The newspaper announced in September 2015 that it would end its weekday print edition in 2016 and that thereafter the weekday paper would be available only in digital form. The Saturday edition continued in print until December 30, 2017.

On May 8, 2018, it was announced that La Presse would become a non-profit organization and sever ties with its owner, Power Corporation. This move allowed the newspaper to accept private donations and governmental support.

in March 2024, La Presse apologized for cartoon anti Semitic post which related of Israel-Hamas war

Editorial line
The editorial board of La Presse has been consistently supportive of Canadian federalism over the past 25 years, though individual columnists may freely express less sympathy. The newspaper's editorials endorsed the federalist option in both the 1980 Quebec referendum and the 1995 Quebec referendum which were held on the issue of Quebec's national sovereignism.

The editorial board leaves room for the whole spectrum of opinions. It supported same-sex marriage legislation in Canada, the protests against the War in Iraq, and criticized both sides in the 2012 Quebec student protests. The paper endorsed the Conservative Party in the 2006 election. This was primarily out of a reasoning that the Canadian government was in need of a necessary change after more than 12 years of Liberal rule. Similarly, with Stephen Harper's Conservatives having been in power for nine years at the time, La Presse endorsed Justin Trudeau's Liberal Party in the 2015 election.

Guy Crevier is currently the editor, and François Cardinal is the assistant editor. Noted journalists associated with the paper include Patrick Lagacé, Yves Boisvert, Agnès Gruda and Lysiane Gagnon.

Television
The newspaper's television production arm, La Presse Télé, has produced the series Dumont, hosted by former politician Mario Dumont, for the Quebec television network V (formerly TQS). The division, which had changed its name to LP8 Média, was sold to Attraction Images in 2014.

Notable staff

 * Marcel Desjardins — vice-president, assistant editor and news director
 * Rima Elkouri - columnist, novelist
 * Montague Birrell Black - front page illustrator

title: La Presse (Canadian newspaper)