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Left Bloc (Portugal)

The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda,, BE), colloquially shortened as O Bloco, is a left-wing populist, democratic socialist political party in Portugal founded in 1999. It is currently led by Mariana Mortágua.

Formation and early history
The Left Bloc was formed in 1999 by the merger of the Marxist People's Democratic Union, Trotskyist Revolutionary Socialist Party, and the democratic socialist Politics XXI. It has had full party status since its founding, yet the constituent groups have maintained their existence as individual political associations, retaining some levels of autonomy in a loose structure. In the 1999 legislative election the BE polled at 2%. In 2002 this rose to 3%.

First parliamentary representation
In the 1999 election BE received 2.4% of the votes leading them to enter the Assembly of the Republic for the first time with 2 MPs for the Lisbon constituency. These representatives were Francisco Louçã and Fernando Rosas. In the 2005 election BE received 6.5% of the votes winning them 8 MPs. In the 2006 presidential elections, the Left Bloc's candidate, Francisco Louçã, received 288,224 votes (5.31%).

In the 2009 European Parliament election they received 10.73% winning them 3 MEPs. They also surpassed the CDU for the first time in an election. At the subsequent 2009 national election, the party obtained 9.81% of votes and 16 members of parliament in the 230-seat Assembly of the Republic.

The financial crisis led socialist prime minister Sócrates to agree to a bailout memorandum with the Eurogroup. In the subsequent 2011 snap election, the country saw a massive shift to the right, with the Left Bloc losing nearly half of its previous popular support, obtaining only 5.17% of the vote and 8 members of parliament. This defeat is generally attributed to the partial support certain sections of the party appeared to offer the unpopular Socialist government while the latter pursued an austerity program in response to the financial crisis.

Renewal, split and recovery
The historical merger of ideologies that gave rise to the Portuguese Left Bloc was a process that lasted sixteen years. Its main actors aged and times changed, which led to an awareness of the need for modernization and realism. Francisco Louçã is one of the founders who most insisted on restricting theory to the basic humanistic and ethical principles common to partisans and supporters in order to conquer a wider range of constituencies. The game would necessarily be played in the framework of democracy, active participation and defence of human rights. After thirteen years of intensive labor as a leader, Louçã quit the position of party chairman in 2012 arguing that "it is time for renewal" and delegating his functions to a man and a woman. Catarina Martins, 39 years old, and João Semedo, a veteran, would be elected co-chairmen of the party on 11 November 2012. However, the renewal process would last for over one year. In early 2014, the Left Bloc suffered a split, when elected Left Bloc MEP Rui Tavares, who already in 2011 had become an independent, founded left-ecologist LIVRE party. Left-wing intellectuals who had come together to the Manifesto 3D collective challenged the Left Bloc to converge with LIVRE towards a joined list in the upcoming 2014 European election. Two official meetings in late 2014 and early 2015 however failed with the Left Bloc referring to programmatic differences with Tavares. So while the severe austerity programs under prime minister Passos Coelho did backdrop on the Portuguese political right, the European election in May saw the Socialists and liberal Earth Party as relative winners, whereas the Left Bloc lost more than half of 2009's votes and two of its three mandates. LIVRE received 2.2% but failed to win any mandate.

In the 2015 legislative election, the Left Bloc achieved 10.2% of the votes and elected 19 deputies, their best result in legislative elections ever, in what was considered a major upset. On 10 November 2015, Catarina Martins signed an agreement with the Socialist Party that is aimed at identifying convergence issues, while also recognizing their differences. The Bloc supported the minority Socialist Costa Government (2015–2019) with a confidence and supply agreement. The Socialist Party government would be re-elected in 2019, with the Left Bloc returning to opposition. The party voted against the 2022 budget, triggering an election in January of that year. The Left Bloc would lose 14 seats, reducing them to five, and over half of their popular vote from 2019 — tactical voting for the Socialist Party and the Left Bloc's opposition to the budget were blamed. The Socialist Party would be re-elected with a majority government.

On 14 February 2023, Catarina Martins announced she would leave the Left Bloc's leadership. In the 13th Convention of the Left Bloc, on 27 and 28 May 2023, Mariana Mortágua, one of the party's most well known deputies, was elected as the party coordinator with 83% of the votes.

After the resignation of António Costa, the Left Bloc expected to gain seats and increase their voting share. Despite that, in the 2024 legislative election, the Left Bloc achieved a very similar result, keeping their five seats. Following that poor result, and in light of Luís Montenegro's victory, Mariana Mortágua led negotiations with the remaining parties on the left (PS, PCP, LIVRE and PAN) in order to build an alternative to the incoming right-wing government.

Ideology, political position and policies
The Left Bloc rose to prominence "following a successful anti-austerity campaign and its backing by a growing popular social movement." It has been described as "Portugal’s biggest supporter of feminist, gay rights and anti-racist legislation" and been associated with the New Left. It occupies a flexible and moderate position to the left of the Socialist Party (PS). The Bloc has proposed a number of important laws on civil rights and guarantees, including the protection of citizens from racist, xenophobic, and homophobic discrimination, support for same-sex marriage, laws for the protection of workers and anti-bullfighting legislation. These included Portugal's first law on domestic violence, which was then passed in parliament with the support of the Portuguese Communist Party and the Socialist Party. In comparison to the Portuguese Communist Party, the Left Bloc has been described as "more socially libertarian". At present, together with the PS, Left Bloc aims at "building a stable, long-lasting and reliable majority at the Parliament, in order to support the formation and subsequent action of a government committed to the change demanded through the ballot box". This purpose foreshadows changes taking place not only in the Iberian Peninsula but as in all European territory.

The Left Bloc has called for the legalisation of cannabis in Portugal. The party attempted to pass legislation in Parliament regarding cannabis law reform in Portugal in 2013 and 2015, both of which were rejected by the then ruling centre-right coalition government.

In terms of economics the party advocates "greater state intervention in the economy in order to reduce inequalities", such as rises to the minimum wage. It has also put forward "many legislative proposals defending salaries, pensions and the welfare state". The party has been described by some sources as being anti-capitalist. In September 2019, the party called for the minimum monthly wage to be raised to €650 for both the public and private sectors in January 2020.

Assembly of the Republic
Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections

List of Parliamentary leaders

 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon): 1999 – 2009
 * José Manuel Pureza (Coimbra): 2009 – 2011
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon): 2011 – 2012
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Aveiro; Lisbon): 2012 – 2024
 * Fabian Figueiredo (Lisbon): 2024 – present

List of Members of the Assembly of the Republic

 * Mariana Mortágua (Lisbon)
 * Fabian Figueiredo (Lisbon)
 * Marisa Matias (Porto)
 * José Soeiro (Porto)
 * Joana Mortágua (Setúbal)

 * Mariana Mortágua (Lisbon)
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Lisbon)
 * Catarina Martins (Porto) – until September 2023 Isabel Pires – from September 2023
 * José Soeiro (Porto)
 * Joana Mortágua (Setúbal)

 * Mariana Mortágua (Lisbon)
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Lisbon)
 * Beatriz Gomes Dias (Lisbon)
 * Jorge Costa (Lisbon)
 * Isabel Pires (Lisbon)
 * Catarina Martins (Porto)
 * José Soeiro (Porto)
 * Luís Monteiro (Porto)
 * Maria Manuel Rola (Porto)
 * José Maria Cardoso (Braga)
 * Alexandra Vieira (Braga)
 * Joana Mortágua (Setúbal)
 * Sandra Cunha (Setúbal) – until April 2021 Diana Santos – from April 2021
 * Moisés Ferreira (Aveiro)
 * Nelson Peralta (Aveiro)
 * Ricardo Vicente (Leiria)
 * José Manuel Pureza (Coimbra)
 * João Vasconcelos (Faro)
 * Fabíola Cardoso (Santarém)

 * Mariana Mortágua (Lisbon)
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Lisbon)
 * Jorge Costa (Lisbon)
 * Isabel Pires (Lisbon)
 * Jorge Falcato Simões (Lisbon)
 * Catarina Martins (Porto)
 * José Soeiro (Porto)
 * Luís Monteiro (Porto)
 * Domicília Costa (Porto) – until July 2017 Maria Manuel Rola – from July 2017
 * Jorge Campos (Porto)
 * Pedro Soares (Braga)
 * Joana Mortágua (Setúbal)
 * Sandra Cunha (Setúbal)
 * Moisés Ferreira (Aveiro)
 * Heitor de Sousa (Leiria)
 * José Manuel Pureza (Coimbra)
 * João Vasconcelos (Faro)
 * Carlos Matias (Santarém)
 * Paulino Ascensão (Madeira) – until May 2018 Ernesto Ferraz – from May 2018

 * Francisco Louçã (Lisbon) – until October 2012 Helena Pinto – from October 2012
 * Ana Drago (Lisbon) – until August 2013 Mariana Mortágua – from August 2013
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon)
 * João Semedo (Porto) – until March 2015 José Soeiro – from March 2015
 * Catarina Martins (Porto)
 * Mariana Aiveca (Setúbal)
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Aveiro)
 * Cecília Honório (Faro) – until June 2015 Eugénia Taveira – from June 2015

 * Francisco Louçã (Lisbon)
 * Ana Drago (Lisbon)
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon)
 * Helena Pinto (Lisbon)
 * Rita Calvário (Lisbon)
 * João Semedo (Porto)
 * Catarina Martins (Porto)
 * José Soeiro (Porto)
 * Pedro Soares (Braga)
 * Fernando Rosas (Setúbal) – until October 2010 Jorge Costa – from October 2010
 * Mariana Aiveca (Setúbal)
 * Pedro Filipe Soares (Aveiro)
 * José Manuel Pureza (Coimbra)
 * Heitor de Sousa (Leiria)
 * José Gusmão (Santarém)
 * Cecília Honório (Faro)

 * Francisco Louçã (Lisbon)
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon)
 * Ana Drago (Lisbon)
 * Helena Pinto (Lisbon)
 * João Teixeira Lopes (Porto)
 * Alda Macedo (Porto)
 * Fernando Rosas (Setúbal)
 * Mariana Aiveca (Setúbal)

 * Francisco Louçã (Lisbon)
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon)
 * João Teixeira Lopes (Porto)

 * Francisco Louçã (Lisbon)
 * Luís Fazenda (Lisbon)

List of Members of the European Parliament

 * Catarina Martins

 * Marisa Matias – until March 2024 Anabela Rodrigues – from March 2024
 * José Gusmão

 * Marisa Matias

 * Miguel Portas – until April 2012 Alda Sousa – from April 2012
 * Marisa Matias
 * Rui Tavares – became independent in June 2011

 * Miguel Portas

title: Left Bloc (Portugal)


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Butcher

A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat, or participate within any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments. A butcher may be employed by supermarkets, grocery stores, butcher shops and fish markets, slaughter houses, or may be self-employed.

Butchery is an ancient trade, whose duties may date back to the domestication of livestock; its practitioners formed guilds in England as far back as 1272. Since the 20th century, many countries and local jurisdictions offer trade certifications for butchers in order to ensure quality, safety, and health standards but not all butchers have formal certification or training. Trade qualification in English-speaking countries is often earned through an apprenticeship although some training organisations also certify their students. In Canada, once a butcher is trade qualified, they can learn to become a master butcher (Fleishmaster).

Standards and practices of butchery differ between countries, regions and ethnic groups. Variation with respect to the types of animals that are butchered as well as the cuts and parts of the animal that are sold depends on the types of foods that are prepared by the butcher's customers.

Duties
Butchery is a traditional line of work. In the industrialized world, slaughterhouses use butchers to slaughter the animals, performing one or a few of the steps repeatedly as specialists on a semi-automated disassembly line. The steps include stunning (rendering the animal incapacitated), exsanguination (severing the carotid or brachial arteries to facilitate blood removal), skinning (removing the hide or pelt) or scalding and dehairing (pork), evisceration (removing the viscera) and splitting (dividing the carcass in half longitudinally).

After the carcasses are chilled (unless "hot-boned"), primary butchery consists of selecting carcasses, sides, or quarters from which primal cuts can be produced with the minimum of wastage; separating the primal cuts from the carcass; trimming primal cuts and preparing them for secondary butchery or sale; and storing cut meats. Secondary butchery involves boning, trimming and value-adding of primal cuts in preparation for sale. Historically, primary and secondary butchery were performed in the same establishment, but the advent of methods of preservation (vacuum packing) and low cost transportation has largely separated them.

In parts of the world, it is common for butchers to perform many or all of the butcher's duties. Where refrigeration is less common, these skills are required to sell the meat of slaughtered animals.

Butcher shop
Butchers sell their goods in specialized stores, commonly termed a butcher shop (American English), butchery (South African English) or butcher's shop (British English). Butchers at a butcher shop may perform primary butchery, but will typically perform secondary butchery to prepare fresh cuts of meat for sale. These shops may also sell related products, such as Charcuterie, hot food (using their own meat products), food preparation supplies, baked goods and grocery items. Butcher shops can have a wider variety of animal types, meat cuts and quality of cuts. Additionally, butcher shops may focus on a particular culture, or nationality, of meat production. Some butcher shops, termed "meat delis", may also include a delicatessen.

In the United States and Canada, butcher shops have become less common because of the increasing popularity of supermarkets and warehouse clubs. Many remaining ones are aimed at Hispanic and other immigrants or, more recently, those looking for organic offerings. Supermarkets employ butchers for secondary butchery, but in the United States even that role is diminished with the advent of "case-ready" meat, where the product is packaged for retail sale at the packinghouse or specialized central processing plants.

Primal cut
A primal cut is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. Different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects. One notable example with pork is fatback, which in Europe is an important primal cut of pork, but in North America is regarded as trimmings to be used in sausage or rendered into lard. The primal cuts may be sold complete or cut further.

Metaphorical use

 * See also Butcher (disambiguation)

In various periods and cultures, the term "butcher" has been applied to people who act cruelly to other human beings or slaughter them. For example, Pompey, a prominent Roman general and politician of the first century BC, got the Latin nickname adulescentulus carnifex, translated as "The Teenage Butcher" or "The Butcher Boy", due to brutal treatment of political opponents in the early part of his career. More recently, the Bosnian Serb war criminal Ratko Mladić was nicknamed "the Butcher of the Balkans".

The term can also be used in a semi-humorous or metaphorical way to describe someone whose actions resemble the various skills and methods of a butcher (chopping, cutting, slicing, stabbing etc.) Spanish footballer Andoni Goikoetxea was popularly ascribed the epithet "The Butcher of Bilbao" in recognition of his perceived aggressive style of play and frequent, sometimes injurious, challenges on opposing players.

Notable butchers and butcher shops

 * Dario Cecchini
 * Lobel's of New York
 * Tom Mylan
 * Omaha Steaks
 * Arthur Orton
 * Pat LaFrieda Meat Purveyors
 * Salt Bae

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Butcher


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Talk:Financial engineering

Redirect
This seems at present to be a bit of a non-article.. at least it would be better named financial engineering... but would it be better to have this title redirect to a different title? Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 22:22, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Done, and yes I'll look to improve this from a financial engineering class description into a real article soon. - Taxman 13:46, May 7, 2004 (UTC)

There are two very different meanings of the phrase "financial engineering". There is no point in continuing to add just one of the definitions above the selection - that's the whole point of a disambiguation list. TGreg Dec 23, 2005

You're missing the point
Please pay attention. Even though when *you* say "financial engineering", you might mean "computational finance", other people mean something very different! That is why this article has been set up as a disambiguation page. It allows for *both* possibilities of the phrase - NOT JUST YOURS.

 * "Financial Engineering" (an insulting term to engineers everywhere, every bit as rancid as badge "engineering") was part of my syllabus during my undergrad university years - and I'm an engineer, for crying out loud. Basically, it's all about designing Ponzi schemes. Nothing more, nothing less. It's just a euphemism for Ponzi Scheme Design. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.66.182.64 (talk) 00:09, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Two more meanings of financial engineering
I have seen "financial engineering" used to mean at least two other things: reorganisation of a company's finances in both a positive sense (removing a block to investment) and a negative sense verging on Enron-style fraud. 91.110.238.30 (talk) 17:34, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Reinsurance?
I really don't think that this disamb page should link to financial reinsurance. Yes, reinsurance is an example of "financial engineering" but that only means that it should be included (along with hundreds of other examples) in a List of financial engineering topics, not a disamb page. Zain Ebrahim (talk) 22:03, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with this. I am going to redirect. Gary King  ( talk ) 19:57, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * No, I think you misunderstand. Computational finance is a *methodology*, whereas financal reinsurance is a specific type of *transaction*. They are very different from each other, with little overlap. Financial engineering is an expression which can refer to EITHER the *method* OR to the *transaction*. By putting in the redirect, you are indicating that a method and a transaction are the same.  That is the point of disambiguation pages, isn't it? If an expression refers to different topics, then readers can decide which topic they want. You've decided on their behalf - and your decision will be wrong half the time. On this basis, I am reverting your edit. ThirteenthGreg (talk) 12:32, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

New article
Although there is some point to the older complaints in this talk page, I think the term "financial engineering" has entered general use, and needs an article rather than a redirection to computational finance. I've done a draft.AaCBrown (talk) 21:29, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

History of financial engineering programs
Seems strange to highlight that NYU Poly's program is the first to be certified by the IAFE and exclude actual history, like the first financial engineering program (I believe in the US that is Carnegie Mellon's). --C S (talk) 01:16, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Criticism of financial engineering
Someone seems to randomly remove Taleb's name for criticism of financial engineering first on grounds that 1) Taleb's work is not peer reviewed (Taleb has peer-reviewed work and his criticism is highly cited), or 2) someone criticized Taleb in a peeer reviewed journal, American Statistician (which makes it in a way valid since academics make criticism worthy of discussion by publishing on it). But Taleb had an article in same American Statistician. Removing criticism is not healthy. It would be good to add, remove references from RS. Limit-theorem (talk) 13:36, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

Needs to start with a definition
The page doesn't start with a definition. I would say "financial engineering is designing contracts so that the the financial payoffs align with each party's preferences. For example, designing an options contract that both covers the risks of retail clients and the trading strategies of marketmakers." Another example is diversifying risk by letting investors provide a partial share of many loans, rather a single loan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mdnahas (talk • contribs) 17:33, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

I also believe this page needs to start with a clear-cut definition. Much of this article does not sufficiently explain (to a layperson) what financial engineers do. As someone who is relatively uneducated in the topic of modern finance, this article only explained to me what financial engineers help banks achieve.

To use a simile, it is as if the article on "rocket engineer" only said that they "enabled aerospace firms to put satellites into orbit and transport people and objects to foreign planetary bodies". FlintTD (talk) 21:47, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Financial engineering


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Talk:CNO cycle

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:30, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Bug in energy yield?
The reaction: 15 8O 	  	  	→  	15 7N 	+  	e+  	+  	ν e 	+  	2.75 MeV 	(half-life of 122.24 seconds)

appears twice with yields of 2.75 and 1.73 mev yield, but are otherwise identical. Which, or (my physics is weak) both?

early discussion before TOC
"The CNO cycle may also be the dominant source of nitrogen and oxygen production"

Er, how? It doesn't create a net increase in the number of N or O nuclei. -- Bth

 * Maybe what is meant is that once there is carbon in the star, there will also be nitrogene and oxgene in a comparable amount. If there is no other direct synthesis for oxygene and nitrogene, then most of these two elements can come from aborted CNO cyles. andy 22:32, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

There is an equilibrium concentration N and O available in stars. When stars cool down, this can form N2 and O2. In heavier stars, when hydrogen/helium is depleted CNO starts reacting with other CNO molecules to form silicium (and slightly heavier components).

 * If the protons run out, you've still got a lot of CNO...Sikkema 14:23, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

energy notation
Is it a convention to write anenergy yield, so the liberation of energy, in the positive form ? This is contrary to chemical convention. Sikkema 14:23, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * As far as I know, at least the same notation is used as in chemistry

HELP!!! :S
Hi i have a little question that you may just be able to help me with well here it goes... What type of radioactive particle was emitted by 13/7N and 15/7N? your help is much appriciated thank you

- 13N-> beta+ + 13C (no gamma) 15N stable, abundance 0.366%

Reference to the Bethe paper
The link below point to the paper of Hans Bethe in which he introduces the CNO cycle.

http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i5/p434_1

Bethe-Weizsäcker process
The german wiki calls it Bethe-Weizsäcker process is this also a name for it?--Stone 11:27, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The article has since been changed to reflect this, but my feeling is the CN cycle (or CNO-I) is that cycle, and the rest are not. Maybe Bethe filled out the rest in a later paper, but I think Weizsäcker only discusses the CN cycle in his paper.  I am presently checking this point, and will consider edits if it's only the CN cycle which is called this.  DAID (talk) 05:00, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Initial synthesis of C, N & O
Out of interest, can anyone provide more information on where the elements in the CNO cycle come from? There doesn't appear to be any mechanism given in this article on how they're initially generated, and they aren't featured in the p-p chain. Do they then come from the triple alpha process? Thanks in advance --Xanthine 21:35, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Have a look at the pages under "See also" -> Proton-proton chain turns H into He, Triple-alpha process turns He into C, the CNO cycle turns C and H into N, N and H into O and O and H into C and He.
 * — SkyLined (talk) 13:41, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

High incidence of 7N14

 * Is the incidence of 7N14 as an intermediate element in the CNO-1 Nuclear synthesis process supposed to explain the high constituency of 7N14 in the earth's crust makeup? In the CNO formula, it's only an intermediary element and therefor does not increase in constituency. However, a discussion of the process implies an increase in 7N14 to occur as a result of the operation of the process to a condition of "equilibrium". If the process stopped after the 2nd hydrogen addition, we would then be left with a 7N14 atom. Is that what they are talking about.WFPM (talk) 18:22, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Isotope Notation
Why are the isotopes of C, O, N in equations not given with mass number? This is most unhelpful as it is now. Asgrrr (talk) 08:25, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Changed the CNO-I passage to show mass numbers. It may not be as visually pleasing, but this is the information that needs to be shown. If physiformulae can't do that then it needs to be discarded. Asgrrr (talk) 13:51, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Please do not make incorrect changes; the notation you used (mass-number bottom-left) is not a scientific notation that I am aware of. Please invest some time into understanding how the templates are used to display elements and how the scientific notations for the elements and their isotopes work. Besides, the formulas that you replaced already contained the mass numbers (top-left of the element symbol), so I do not understand what the problem is you're trying to solve. I've undone your edits.    — SkyLined (talk) 13:40, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Star mass bounds
"The presence of the heavier elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen places an upward bound on the maximum size of massive stars to approximately 150 solar masses." This sounds like a very interesting statement. Could someone with the required knowledge add a sentence or two to expand on how the presence of CNO creates an upper bound? --Gargletheape (talk) 19:39, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

 * This statement really needs a reference. I can see how higher rates of energy generation can influence mass loss which can be related to the maximum mass of a star, but we need expansion, clarification, and a reference.  I'm going to add a citation needed tag to this sentence for now.  DAID (talk) 05:18, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Temperature threshold reference
Will the graph on this page suffice as a reference for the threshold temperature of the CNO cycle? Gizmoguy (talk) 19:11, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

 * The problem for using it as a reference is that these conclusions are model dependent, and while the site is hosted by a university, they don't appear to discuss the model or metallicities used to generate the plot. Of course, most models won't give significantly different results, but the content of CNO seed nuclei surely do influence it, and in fact, this is a point that needs clarification on the article.  For these reasons I don't think it's good enough as a reference for information.  However, it's a nice graph otherwise in terms of the type of graphics we should include, but we need it on wikimedia commons for the copyright issues, as well as to address the issues I note above.  Coincidentally, I already asked my girlfriend tonight for a plot she generated which is similar to that one, which we will be hosting on the commons and posting on this and the pp pages shortly I hope.  As far as a reference, we can probably find something in a textbook pretty easily, so I'll look into that eventually as well.  Granted a textbook may or may not give us the model either, but textbooks are easily valid references.  DAID (talk) 05:16, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Hot CNO and some needed additions
Tonight I added all the hot CNO reactions as well. I weighed creating a new page rather than adding to this one, but the hot CNO cycle also can use all of the cold CNO reactions, so I decided it made more sense to expand this article instead. But to start with, I just added the reactions and small blurbs for the new sections of Cold and Hot CNO. So some of the introduction material needs to be moved down to the Cold section when it does not apply to the Hot cycles. There is also not yet much information on the Hot CNO cycles. Overall I also think we need some more historical discussions, since originally only the CN cycle was known. A more firm discussion of limiting reactions enters us into the ideas of the later discovered CNO-II, and then CNO-III and CNO-IV networks. And once we get into discussion of limiting reactions, this can feed really nicely into the Hot CNO, where the limiting reactions are different! Happy editing. DAID (talk) 02:30, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

Missing information: Neutrinos
"The neutrinos escape from the star carrying away some energy." This is classical weasel-wording. There should be a statement about the actual amount of energy carried away by Neutrinos. According to Scheffler & Elsässer, 1990, "Physik der Sterne und der Sonne" (physics of the stars and the Sun) it is about 1.7 MeV for CNO-I (I have added the reference there). The book does not give any information about the neutrino energies in the other beta decay reactions.--SiriusB (talk) 20:48, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

HCNO-III (Extraneous text)
Reading through the article I noticed (what appears to be) extraneous text under HCNO-III; as I do not know the purpose behind the text, I have left it alone within the article for someone knowledgeable of this topic to correct:

"...(half-life of 17.22 seconds) **[There was a typo here -- the half-life was listed as 122.24 s, the half-life for oxygen-15; what is the energy output of this particular decay?]"

Cheers -Ham Radio 03:14, 24 February 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ke5skw (talk • contribs)

13N -> 13 C energy: 1,2 vs 2,2 MeV
Article says:

13_7 N 	 	→ 	13_6 C 	+ 	e+ 	+ 	ν_e  + 	1.20 MeV	(half-life of 9.965 minutes)

But An Introduction to Nuclear Astrophysics By Richard N. Boyd (2008) gives 2.220 MeV for this reaction. Same number in ; Nitrogen-13 (ref= Phillips, A.C. (1994). The Physics of Stars. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-94057-7.) `a5b (talk) 23:35, 8 January 2013 (UTC) PS: This was changed in diff. `a5b (talk) 23:39, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Two problems with lede
The lede has, from my viewpoint, two issues:1) Temperature is discussed independently from pressure (density?). I know that both are important for any nuclear chain reaction, so unless pressure (range) is unique for any given Temperature, regardless of the mass of the star (!), then this discussion is just plain inadequate (and misleading). 2) The CNO Cycle is claimed to be both a single thing and yet there are 7 different CNO cycles listed. This makes no sense. There is almost no discussion of when these different mechanisms occur (under what conditions (T, P, and composition)) (or when each peaks, both in absolute terms and in relative terms). 3) One last minor thing: isn't metallicity of the star also important in determining the fusion processes? If so, then that should be mentioned. Clearly it's not just mass, temperature and pressure of a star: metallicity and location (distance from center) are also important (I know they're interrelated).Abitslow (talk) 16:53, 18 June 2016 (UTC)

Incorrect Graphic
The CNO graphic by Antonio Ciccolella has an error. The Alpha particle emitted should be 4He, not 2He. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.17.21.109 (talk) 19:22, 2 September 2018 (UTC)

Is this just rank speculation?
I may not be a physicist (or even know the first thing about physics or chemistry or science), but shouldn't a claim this specific have some documented support?

"The Sun has a core temperature of around 15.7×106 K, and only 1.7% of 4 He nuclei produced in the Sun are born in the CNO cycle." Briandrewdrew (talk) 08:28, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

CNO neutrinos confirmed by Borexino
Not much else to add, really;

First Direct Experimental Evidence of CNO neutrinos Borexino Collaboration (2020) https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15115.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ianw16 (talk • contribs) 04:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Nitrogen-15 in CNO-III
When the nucleus becomes nitrogen-15, do we really want to continue the cycle on to oxygen-16 and back to oxygen-17? Nitrogen-15 is back in a stage of the basic CNO cycle (CNO-I) and will follow that the vast majority of the time.

A similar question could be asked with CNO-IV. Johnm307 (talk) 16:47, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:CNO cycle


text:
Talk:Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Mismatch of info between articles
This article says "80% of Cocos Islanders are Sunni Muslim", but Culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands says "Around 65% of the Islands' Cocos Malay residents are practising Muslims". Laterthanyouthink (talk) 07:41, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, it seems everyone is pretty casual with the facts here. This article say "80% of Cocos Islanders are Sunni Muslim" but cites a 2010 CIA World Fact File entry which says "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 75%" so the percentage is wrong and we've gone from "predominantly Sunni" to the presumption of entirely Sunni. The culture article says "Around 65% of the Islands' Cocos Malay residents are practising Muslims" which cites a 2001 document which has many data points but I presume the relevant one is the "mid-2000" figure of 66.7% Muslim (no breakdown into Sunni etc) and says nothing about whether they are Malay or non-Malay and nothing about whether they are actively practising or not and have decided to go for a rounded figure for no obvious reason. Meanwhile for a more recent and arguable more authoritative data point the 2016 Census says 75% Islam (no breakdown by Sunni, Malay-ness, or practicing). I'd suggest reporting the 2016 census in both articles, and maybe add a comment about being predominantly Sunni citing the CIA. I don't think we can or should say anything about "Malay residents" in talking about the current population. With the arrival of the Malays occurring in the 1800s, it's not entirely appropriate to describe them as "Malay residents" any more, they are Australian citizens as much as the rest of us, and the 2016 census for Cocos shows this with 82.5% born in Australia and 74.0% had both parents born in Australia and a further 9.6% with one parent born in Australia. If we want to say something about their Malay-ness, I think the only reliable thing we can say is that 2016 census tells us that 69.6% of Cocos population speak Malay at home (and while one suspects these are probably the same folk as the 75% reporting as Islamic, the census does not "prove" that). So I'd been inclined to report the two data points (language, religion) separately and make no statement about their inter-relationship (let the reader decide what to make of it all). Kerry (talk) 09:43, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for digging up the detail on that, . I was just noting in passing because I'm trying to work through my (ever-extending) list of things to do/clean up after being away for a few weeks, but I'll make a note and try to come back to this one sometime. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 12:21, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I adjusted the percentages citing the 2016 census in both articles. Kerry (talk) 10:22, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

Flag
Per the CIA World Factbook entry for Cocos Islands, "the flag of Australia is used".[] The flag currently displayed in the infobox apparently is unofficial. Unless someone can convince me that displaying an unofficial flag is appropriate in this article, I will (evenually) replace it with the flag of Australia. - Donald Albury 13:07, 10 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It's official enough that it has its own emoji this ABC news caption also indicates that it is the official flag. Hemiauchenia (talk) 23:24, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * it's also used on the official shire of COCOS website, see upper right corner. Hemiauchenia (talk) 00:09, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Part of Oceania or Asia?
Well, one edit of the Commons user on c:Template:CRT list2:, its description seems to challange the continent division in this area: "Cocos (Keeling) Islands in Asia, not Oceania". I wonder who said true here? --Liuxinyu970226 (talk) 00:45, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
 * It's an arbitrary convention, there's no "true" answer. CMD (talk) 09:41, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
 * It's geographically in Southeast Asia. SHB2000 (talk) 07:19, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:49, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Cocos (keeling) Islands Product Exports (2019).svg

title: Talk:Cocos (Keeling) Islands


text:
Edward Needles Hallowell

Edward "Ned" Needles Hallowell (November 3, 1836 – July 26, 1871) was an officer in the Union Army in the duration of the American Civil War, commanding the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry following the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw at the Second Battle of Fort Wagner in 1863.

Early life
Edward grew up in a well-to-do Quaker family in Philadelphia. His father Morris was part owner and operator of Hallowell & Company of 33 South Third Street, Philadelphia. The firm predominantly imported and sold silk from India and China. Edward's father was also a passionate abolitionist. The Hallowell family was far more than passive meeting attenders. The family's summer home was employed as a stop on the Underground Railroad.

Edward and the other children of Morris and Hannah shared the abolitionist views of their parents. His brother Richard Price Hallowell was one of the members of the "Black Committee" that Governor Andrew of Massachusetts selected to inquire of the willingness of prospective candidates to serve in officer positions in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

He had two children, Charlott and Emily Hallowell, with his wife, Charlotte Bartlett Wilhelmina Swett. Hallowell was a stockbroker before the war and became a wool commission merchant after the war.

Civil War service
In early 1862 Edward joined his brother Norwood Penrose "Pen" Hallowell, who was already serving in the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He served as a lieutenant. While he was in the 20th, the regiment saw considerable action including the Peninsula Campaign, the Seven Days, Antietam and Fredericksburg.

Lt. Edward Hallowell then accepted an appointment in the 54th Massachusetts, which was to be led by Robert Gould Shaw as colonel and his brother Norwood as lieutenant colonel. The regiment was to be made up of white and black abolitionists fighting together for black freedom. Edward recruited African-American soldiers in Philadelphia and was actually the first officer to occupy the barracks set aside for the 54th at Camp Meigs in Reedville. Recruiting for the regiment proved so successful that a second regiment, the 55th, was formed. Norwood Hallowell was designated as the 55th's colonel and Edward was promoted to major and was second-in-command to Shaw.

By the time of the famous assault by the 54th on Fort Wagner Hallowell was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In the assault on Fort Wagner he commanded the left wing with half the regiment's companies. Because of the narrow defile through which the 54th had to pass the left wing was deployed directly behind Shaw and the right wing. Hallowell suffered three wounds in the assault and went home to recuperate. Upon returning he commanded the 54th as a full colonel for the rest of the war, except when he was in temporary command of a brigade.

The 54th and Hallowell continued to serve with distinction during the war. He fought at the Battle of Olustee, the Battle of Honey Hill and the Battle of Boykin's Mill. At Boykin's Mill, Hallowell was in command of Major General Potter's 3rd Brigade. When the fortifications around Charleston fell along with the city it was the 54th under Hallowell that occupied various former Confederate posts including Fort Sumter and Fort Wagner. Additionally, the 54th guarded Confederate prisoners of war during this time, including some whom they had faced at Fort Wagner.

Post War years
Hallowell was mustered out of the Union Army volunteer service on August 20, 1865. Hallowell marched with the Massachusetts members of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at a post-war victory review held in Boston in December 1865. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Hallowell for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from June 27, 1865 for "meritorious services" during the war. The United States Senate confirmed the award on March 12, 1866.

After the war Edward returned to Medford and became a wool commission merchant. His wounds from the war undoubtedly cut his life short and he died in 1871. He is buried with his wife Charlotte at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge.

Legacy
The character of Major Cabot Forbes in the film Glory is based somewhat on Edward Hallowell and his brother. Little lasting recognition of either Edward or his brother Norwood exists. One exception is at the famous Union Club off of Boston Common which has meeting rooms dedicated to Edward and Norwood as well as Robert Gould Shaw.

title: Edward Needles Hallowell


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/March 29

 * 1799 - New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state
 * 1806 - The Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becomes the first United States federal highway.
 * 1945 - World War II: Last day of V1 Flying Bomb attacks on England.
 * 1974 - NASA's Mariner 10 becomes the first spaceprobe to fly by Mercury. It was launched on November 3, 1973.
 * 1981 - First running of the London Marathon

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:31, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Knights of Columbus; Bombing of Lübeck in World War II; Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Canada Act 1982
 * Included: Battle of Towton (6th appearance, last in 2010); M1911 pistol (5th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Battle of Cape Matapan (first appearance); 1999 Chamoli earthquake (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 4 Vesta (5th consecutive appearance, 6 total)
 * Addendum: 4 Vesta omitted for balance. — howcheng  {chat} 16:37, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Addendum II: 4 Vesta put back on for balance. — howcheng  {chat} 21:25, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:37, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Emperor Wu of Han (maintenance)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Appomattox Campaign (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): London Marathon
 * New articles (unused): Terracotta Army
 * Omitted: Battle of Towton; 4 Vesta; M1911 pistol; Battle of Cape Matapan; 1999 Chamoli earthquake
 * Included: New Sweden (8th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible; 375th anniversary); Royal Albert Hall (4th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Heiligenbeil Pocket (first appearance); Operation Barrel Roll (first appearance; 40th anniversary); 2010 Moscow Metro bombings (first appearance)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:02, 28 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Emperor Wu of Han (moved to March 9 as natural deaths are only permitted on centennial anniversaries)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (date not in article)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Appomattox Campaign; Mariner 10
 * Omitted: New Sweden; Royal Albert Hall; Heiligenbeil Pocket; Operation Barrel Roll; 2010 Moscow Metro bombings (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Malagasy Uprising (first appearance); Battle of Towton (7th appearance, last in 2012); Knights of Columbus (2nd appearance, last in 2011); New People's Army (first appearance); Terracotta Army (first appearance; 40th anniversary); London Marathon (first appearance)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 09:32, 27 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): 2010 Moscow Metro bombings
 * Omitted: Battle of Towton; Knights of Columbus; New People's Army; Terracotta Army; London Marathon
 * Included: 4 Vesta (7th appearance, last in 2012); Appomattox Campaign (first appearance; 150th anniversary); Royal Albert Hall (5th appearance, last in 2013); Heiligenbeil Pocket (2nd appearance, last in 2013; 70th anniversary); Canada Act 1982 (2nd appearance, last in 2011)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:19, 29 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Omitted: 4 Vesta; Appomattox Campaign; Heiligenbeil Pocket; Canada Act 1982
 * Included: Siege of Paris (845) (first appearance); New Sweden (9th appearance, last in 2013); Battle of Cape Matapan (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 75th anniversary); Mariner 10 (4th appearance, last in 2009)
 * Repeats: Royal Albert Hall (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:26, 29 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Heiligenbeil Pocket (maintenance)
 * Omitted: New Sweden; Royal Albert Hall; Battle of Cape Matapan; Mariner 10
 * Included: Knights of Columbus (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Bombing of Lübeck in World War II (2nd appearance, last in 2011; 75th anniversary); New People's Army (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Blow by Blow (first appearance); 1999 Chamoli earthquake (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Cornelio Saavedra (first appearance); Emilia Baeyertz (first appearance); Sam Loxton (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Siege of Paris (845) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:47, 29 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Battle of Cape Matapan (maintenance); Operation Barrel Roll (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom
 * Omitted: Siege of Paris (845); Knights of Columbus; Bombing of Lübeck in World War II; New People's Army; Blow by Blow; 1999 Chamoli earthquake; Cornelio Saavedra; Emilia Baeyertz; Sam Loxton
 * Included: Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) (first appearance); William Matthews (priest) (first appearance); Royal Albert Hall (7th appearance, last in 2016); Terracotta Army (2nd appearance, last in 2014); 2010 Moscow Metro bombings (2nd appearance, last in 2013); John Tyler (first appearance); Charles-Valentin Alkan (first appearance); Helene Deutsch (first appearance)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:45, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430); William Matthews (priest); Royal Albert Hall; Terracotta Army; 2010 Moscow Metro bombings; John Tyler; Charles-Valentin Alkan; Helene Deutsch
 * Included: Battle of Towton (8th appearance, last in 2014); New Sweden (10th appearance, last in 2016); North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (first appearance); New People's Army (3rd appearance, last in 2017; 50th anniversary); 1999 Chamoli earthquake (3rd appearance, last in 2017; 20th anniversary); Thomas Coram (first appearance); Georges Seurat (first appearance); Ruth A. M. Schmidt (first appearance)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 00:15, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Sam Loxton (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Battle of Cape Matapan
 * Omitted: Battle of Towton; New Sweden; North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement; New People's Army; 1999 Chamoli earthquake; Thomas Coram; Georges Seurat; Ruth A. M. Schmidt
 * Included: Siege of Paris (845) (3rd appearance, last in 2017); M1911 pistol (6th appearance, last in 2012); Canada Act 1982 (3rd appearance, last in 2015); 2010 Moscow Metro bombings (3rd appearance, last in 2018; 10th anniversary); Santorio Santorio (first appearance); Gottfried van Swieten (first appearance); Anna Louise Strong (first appearance; 50th anniversary)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:37, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Royal Albert Hall (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Haane Manahi (TFA for 2021-02-01)
 * New articles (unused): Pap Cheyassin Secka
 * Omitted: Siege of Paris (845); M1911 pistol (ineligible—maintenance); Canada Act 1982; 2010 Moscow Metro bombings; Santorio Santorio; Gottfried van Swieten; Anna Louise Strong
 * Included: Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) (2nd appearance, last in 2018); 4 Vesta (8th appearance, last in 2015); Battle of Cape Matapan (3rd appearance, last in 2016; 80th anniversary); London Marathon (5th appearance, last in 2014; 40th anniversary); 1999 Chamoli earthquake (4th appearance, last in 2019); Matthew Palaiologos Asen (first appearance); Friedrich Traun (first appearance); Harry Price (first appearance)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:45, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: New Sweden (maintenance); Bombing of Lübeck in World War II (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Sam Loxton; Haane Manahi
 * Omitted: Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430); Battle of Cape Matapan; London Marathon; 1999 Chamoli earthquake; Matthew Palaiologos Asen; Friedrich Traun; Harry Price
 * Included: Siege of Paris (845) (4th appearance, last in 2020); William Matthews (priest) (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Canada Act 1982 (4th appearance, last in 2020; 40th anniversary); 2010 Moscow Metro bombings (4th appearance, last in 2020); Santorio Santorio (2nd appearance, last in 2020); March Fong Eu (first appearance; 100th birthday); Pap Cheyassin Secka (first appearance; 10th anniversary)
 * Repeats: 4 Vesta (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total)


text:
Talk:Witches (Discworld)

Links?
Should we redirect the 3 witch links to this page? Evercat 22:28, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Sorry?
I got told off for writing nonsense on this page, and I assume it was for my link between Agnes being able to sing in thirds with herself, and Conker's bad fur day's Great Mighty Poo, who is also blessed with this power. I know it's slightly irrelevent, so what do we think?

Black Aliss being responsible for the sleeping castle...
Having just finished reading Witches Abroad today, I noticed something debatable on this page. Black Aliss is credited with putting a castle to sleep, but I thought it was made clear in Witches Abroad that the castle was put to sleep by Lily Weatherwax on her way to Genua. When everyone in the castle woke up, they said they had seen Granny before, which was wrong, as she hadn't been there before, but her sister must have been, for them to know a Weatherwax face. If this article is discussing a different castle then there isn't an issue, but if it is the castle from Witches Abroad, then a change should be made.

 * Black Aliss' castle is mentioned in Wyrd Sisters, as "the biggest thing she ever did" and I think it gets briefly mentioned in Witches Abroad as well. The way narrative causality is described in WA suggests that the various fairy tale cliches happen all the time, and that Aliss was responsible for all of them at least once. Hope that clears things up. --Daibhid C 00:07 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Magrat
I feel that it needs to do a better job of explaining Magrat's pronounciation. I have no idea about the distinction between "Magg-rat", "Maggrat", and "Magrat." --Yar Kramer 21:55, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's TRUE! Vitriol 19:39, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

also on the topic of black aliss: They say she, aliss demurrage, might be alison weatherwax, but in the alison weatherwax entry they claim alison is not demurrage —Preceding unsigned comment added by Joe conflo (talk • contribs) 21:30, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Splitting the page?
I think Agnes and Tiff deserve their own entries. Anyone else? Daibhid C
 * Since previously seperated pages are being merged with no discussion, I take it that's a no... Daibhid C 20:33, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Magrat's pronounciation if anyone has trouble with pronounciation of any discworld words or frases, please listen to the audio book from any library. This should clear things up, and be very enjoable too. (discworldfreek)

 * Depends on the audio. I'm pretty sure Tony Robinson pronnounces it wrongly.Daibhid C 20:33, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Agnes Nitt
Was she actually a vampire at the end of Carpe Jugulum? I seem to remember it being implied (she could only visit that chap after dark), but I don't think it's been mentioned since. --Mister Six 18:28, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

What about mentioning the possible (in light of the above comment, maybe I shouldn't say "dawning") understanding between Agnes and Pastor Oats at (or after) the end of Carpe Jugulum? -- jalp 107.192.44.27 (talk) 03:32, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

Voodoo
Which book is that reference from?--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 23:21, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Witches Abroad, ISBN 978-0552134651 - Alec.brady 18:28, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Black Aliss is NOT Alison Weatherwax
I've pulled this out:

There is also a vague hint in the books that the two are related, however Esme reveals her grandmother's name was Alison in Carpe Jugulum). Her name derives from the mythical Black Annis, a cannibalistic hag from Leicestershire, who was often used as a threat to children to behave, though it may also be a parody on the names of two heavy metal bands Black Sabbath and Alice Cooper in contraction. Since it is stated in The New Discworld Companion that Alison Weatherwax may be alive, and some have speculated that Black Aliss is immortal (Because she is so powerful), there has been speculation that Black Aliss, aka Alison Weatherwax, is still alive and will be featuring in I Shall Wear Midnight. This is, however, dubious at best.''

Rampant speculation, at one point contradicting the books (we know Aliss Demurage is dead). Daibhid C (talk) 15:48, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Split?
How come lesser characters, such as Twoflower(!), have their own pages, but Magrat is stuck sharing? Also, there are already separate pages for Granny Weatherwax and Nanny Ogg, so this page is redundant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.157.188.81 (talk) 21:12, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Bibliography?
When re-reading the books it's nice to have a bibliography to tell you which to read next - the City Watch page has one of these and it's helpful (apart from monstrous regiment being in there for some reason), so why not have one on this page? or is there one I missed?

Extended reverts to Discworld witches
I reverted a host of changes Serendipodous made to the Discworld Witches page. I'm sure it seemed like Original Research to him/her, and, in truth, I was wavering on whether or not it was OR myself when I added the info, but I decided it wasn't, and here's why:

 * In A Hat Full of Sky, towards the beginning, when Tiffany is discussing heading to the mountains for her training, she mentions her prowess with cheese and how every witch finds it convenient to have a known non-supernatural talent. The exact quote: "You weren't allowed to charge money for the witching, so all witches did some other job as well".  So Glenda has that quality.  Throughout all of the Witch books and the Tiffany books, it is often talked about that the great majority of witchcraft is helping those who can't help themselves, being on the borders, etc, etc.  So Glenda has that quality.  Granny Aching's inclusion as a witch, by both the wikipedia editors and Pratchett himself(through Granny Weatherwax) and, in-universe, Granny Weatherwax and Nanny Ogg, shows that you don't have to self-identify as a witch to be a witch.  So Glenda has that quality.  In the Tiffany books, second thoughts and first sight are described as witchly qualities.  In Unseen Academicals, Glenda often thinks about how she's thinking, particularly with the whole crab bucket theme(Second thoughts), and clearly sees only what is there/can see through illusion, as shown most clearly by her reaction to the fashion industry(First sight).  So Glenda has that quality.  Finally, both Nanny Ogg and Granny Weatherwax(and possibly others, I'm too lazy to look), that are on the Discworld Witches page have their own articles as well, so that's not a valid argument for excluding Glenda, especially since her article doesn't mention that she's a non-self-identified witch.

 * Tiffany remarks, in I Shall Wear Midnight, how stressing it is that her steading includes the entire chalk. Letitia is the very definition of a maiden.  Amber's gift of understanding qualifies her as the mother archetype.  That only leaves one witch and one role, and given the many parallels drawn between Granny and Tiffany throughout the Tiffany books, it's not OR to describe her as the same role in the coven as Granny has in the Lancre coven.  Lastly,jJust because the group of chalk witches is not officially a coven(meaning by Pratchett's directly designating them one) doesn't mean they're not a coven in fact(meaning coven as in a group of connected, in this case geographically connected, witches).

Please note that all of my additions were made solely based on what Pratchett himself has stated about witches and/or the characters concerned and, as such, does not qualify as OR. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.250.170.106 (talk) 09:01, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

First sight, second thoghts
I think this should be included somewhere, since it plays such a large part in the Aching books and is portrayed as a predominant witchly trait. Not sure where, though, under Tiffany Aching or in the opening by headology? Thoughts?

Readding and rephrasing Glenda Sugarbean
Took out the word "seemed" because that was simply bad phrasing on my part; it's explicitly stated by Pratchett that she does those things. To fix the First Sight/Second Thoughts thing, I added Pratchett's definition of First Sight/Second Thoughts to the opening in the paragraph that talks about headology and then, based on those definitions, by the creator of the character and the concepts, also documented Glenda's possession of First Sight and Second Thought, with the most-talked about, by the creator of the character and the concepts, example of each. Please tell me that satisfies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.250.170.106 (talk) 21:41, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Glenda Sugarbean
Her classification as a witch has been challenged as speculation, with an administrator telling me I need a "third-party reliable source" in order to include her on the Discworld witches page. I'm unsure what he means by that. Pratchett is the source of all of the information I'm striving to add. Do I need to cite page and book for each piece of information in my addition, despite the fact that no where in the rest of the article is this done? Addition I want to make is as follows:

Glenda Sugarbean Though both Glenda Sugarbean and her mother, characters in Unseen Academicals, are never explicitly labeled witches and don't, to our knowledge, self-identify as such, both do have many of the traits commonly seen in Discworld Witches. Recalling Tiffany Aching's "excellence with cheese" and Petulia Gristle's excellence with pigs, both are magnificent cooks, with Glenda being particularly known for her pies. Additionally both operated as combination social workers/nurses/surgeons/doctors in their communities, another witchly trait. Glenda has also had instances that are the same as First Sight--seeing behind the illusions of the fashion industry being the most notable-- and Second Thoughts--the theme of the crab bucket being the most notable.

Point by point breakdown: -"never explicitly labeled witches and don't, to our knowledge, self-identify as such" If this is a disqualification for being on this page then Granny Aching needs to be removed, because she was never explicitly labeled a witch and didn't self-identify as such either. -"do have many of the traits commonly seen in Discworld Witches" All of the traits, which were listed after, were explicitly said to be Witchly traits by Pratchett, throughout various of the books. -"Excellence with pies" It is said explicitly in Hat Full of Sky that every witch doesn't charge for the services she provides to the community and as such, has secondary skills to bring in money. -"combination social workers/nurses/surgeons/doctors" It is an omnipresent theme throughout the witch books and Aching books that this is the role that witches play. It is also explicitly mentioned in Unseen Academicals that this is the role Glenda plays. -"instances that are the same as First Sight" The definition of First Sight I gave, which is up above in the opening, is a paraphrasing of the definition Pratchett gives, and the seeing behind the illusions of the fashion industry was an incident in Unseen Academicals. With a few slight detail changes, the same statement applies to Second Thoughts.

So, again, where exactly is the speculation in there? Are you honestly saying that Terry Pratchett, who created the world, the character, the series, and the concepts that are and are of Discworld is not a credible enough source? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.250.170.106 (talk) 07:00, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Witches (Discworld)


text:
Talk:February 2

-

World Wetlands Day
hi, on 2 February 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar on the shores of the Caspian Sea. WWD was celebrated for the first time in 1997 and made an encouraging beginning. so this should be part of mainpage "on this day" article. Mrgyanveer (talk) 07:32, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 February 2015
* 1975   – Naomi Grossman, American actress

72.189.56.110 (talk) 03:49, 25 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Stickee (talk) 06:08, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

Icelandic holidays
One of the days listed for Feb. 2 is "Bun Day" in Iceland. However, the link to Icelandic holidays does not list "Bun Day" nor does it mention anything specific for Feb. 2. I don't know enough about Icelandic holidays to add anything positive to this entry but will look around a little and see what I come up with.Amaling (talk) 03:15, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

Ukulele day
Hello. I've heard, that February 2 is a ukulele day. I don't know, why, but It must be something connected with It. I'll try to find, why. Thank You. Cassa342 (talk) 19:59, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 2


text:
Talk:February 4

Huey Long
1933 entry concerning Huey Long is from the book Huey Long by T. Harry Williams on page 616 of the hard cover first edition from 1969 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.116.56.42 (talk) 01:49, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

It should be obvious that I don't know how to edit pages but....

I cited a reference to the 1933 entry and it was pulled in less than 10 minutes. The entry is factual. The entry has a legitimate reference from an award winning author. What did I do wrong?

 * 1933 - Senator Huey Long of Louisiana gets the Governor to declare a bank holiday. The reason cited in the holiday declaration was that the US broke diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3 and February 4 in 1917. February 3 was not declared a bank holiday. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.116.56.42 (talk) 13:53, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The reason it was removed is because it is not a globally notable event. Have a look here for some ideas on what is considered notable enough for Wikicalendar articles.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 13:57, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

1783 - American Revolutionary War:
---a correction may be need: this page states 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The United Kingdom formally declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States of America. but http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth%2C_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham states "In 1782 he [Rockingham] was appointed Prime Minister for a second time (with Charles James Fox and Lord Shelburne as secretaries of state) and, upon taking office, acknowledged the independence of the United States, initiating an end to British involvement in the Revolutionary War." The date that Rockingham took office was March 27, 1782 Dmossbar (talk) 03:22, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * removed as unsupported. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 04:28, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

1703 47 Ronin
There seems to be some date confusion here. The date given in the Forty-Seven Ronin article is the 4th day of the second Month (but then identifies that as March 20, 1703). This is not a Julian/Gregorian calendar issue, but appears to be a Japanese/Gregorian issue. I don't know which is correct, but suspect the March 20th date. Autkm (talk) 02:07, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

Chinese calendar header
The currently included header about the Chinese calendar does not seem appropriate. It explains an occurrence that does not happen on the same date each year. Since it doesn't have a direct connection with the Gregorian calendar it seems inappropriate. Also, there doesn't seem to be sufficient support for the claims in an existing article and the source cited is an external reference which isn't appropriate per WP:DAYS. It should be removed. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 17:08, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Honestly? Fine. Officially done caring. Remove it. -- JCaesar (talk) 22:28, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Removal of birth and death entries
Continuing the ongoing effort to reduce the size of the Births and Deaths sections to make them manageable, I've removed some celebrities with few or no articles in other wikipedias, moving the entries to the appropriate Year in Topic article if they were not already present. Deb (talk) 19:58, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3
This seems to have occurred on the 5th, not the 4th. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.57.57.42 (talk) 01:15, 26 December 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 February 2021
add under births: "1869 - Bill Haywood, American labor organizer (d. 1928)" Confusing Positron (talk) 15:21, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Please give citation if you want this added. Deb (talk) 15:27, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Found a citation and added it Vahurzpu (talk) 00:31, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

4Th February
ANURAG Thakur's Birthday A great IITian who works for nation's welfare 2409:4064:2E20:2A52:DE:583:EDAD:1194 (talk) 04:17, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

ANURAG THAKUR'S BIRTHDAY
ANURAG Thakur's Birthday on this day lives in bihar 2409:4064:2E20:2A52:DE:583:EDAD:1194 (talk) 04:19, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * This seems to be a different Anurag Thakur from the person who already has a wiki article. Can you provide any references? Kiwipete (talk) 07:28, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 4


text:
Talk:February 5

2008 Super Tuesday is not a significant event
This is not the first Super Tuesday. The only difference is more states were involved. My understanding is that this page is for "significant" events. Adding comments like this makes this page more less trivia rather than historical items. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.31.106.35 (talk) 14:58, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree that this is not a significant event. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 16:18, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Definately not notable, it shouldn't be listed. Grouf(talk • contribs) 16:23, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

It is the largest single-day primary event in the history of the United States. Therefore, notable. Kingturtle (talk) 16:48, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Why does it matter? The number changes every year. Have we noted all of the previous largest Super Tuesdays?  The last largest was March 7, 2000, does anyone remember that?  No one will care about this one either.  It has no appreciable impact because sooner or later every state has its primary.  We don't note election day, why would we note pre-election day?  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 17:07, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Asking "does anyone remember that" is a moot point. The purpose of a day-of-the-year article is NOT to jog the memory for nostalgic sake. The purpose is to catalog notable historic events.

Yes, we do sometimes note election days, and yes, we should note this largest ever primary day. This is the first time in 80 years that there is no incumbent candidate for either major party - the first time in 80 years that the field is wide open for both major parties. Therefore, the super tuesday of 2008 is quite significant.

The numbers don't change every year because it is not a yearly occurrence. Kingturtle (talk) 17:44, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I see that you capitalized on what amounts to a typo. Clearly I meant the numbers change every time there is a presidential election and they absolutely do.  What is impacted by this occurrence? Does it change the election process?   I don't think in five years that one will look back on this event and suggest that it was all that remarkable.  I also don't see how the 80 years topic relates to this discussion.  That part is just trivia.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 18:13, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * It is not trivia or trivial that the U.S. has not seen since the 1920s its two major parties without a incumbent or incumbent-endorsed candidate. This is new political terrain for nearly all Americans. That paired with enormity of Super Tuesday gives significance to the event. It is the closest the U.S. has ever come to a national primary, and that is significant. Kingturtle (talk) 18:27, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that this event is limited to US Politics, and a rather small part of it. These elections only lead to other elections, which will lead to other elections, etc.  I don't see anything notable resulting from this event.  I don't consider 'new political terrain' notable.  I will agree that it is interesting and is getting a lot of media attention, but I don't see any long-term significance.  Grouf(talk • contribs) 19:23, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Since there has not been anything notable result from this event, and there are 3 arguments to remove, and only one to keep; I am removing this event. Grouf(talk • contribs) 19:40, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Well its back. Someone should add that it had no significant impact and 4 weeks later the race goes on. Maybe if Clinton stomps Obama in Pennsylvania we should at that one too.Rlbarton (talk) 20:51, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

significance?
I imagine I am loose contructionist when it comes to adding things to day of the year articles while many of you are strict constructionists (as we have seen over the Super Tuesday debate. By my bar, the following events are ok, but according to a strict constructionist sense, the following events are not internationally significant. Can anyone defend the international significance of: Cheers, Kingturtle (talk) 20:03, 28 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 1972 - Bob Douglas becomes the first African American elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.
 * 1988  - Comic Relief holds the first "Red Nose Day", which raises £15 million in the United Kingdom for charity.
 * 1994 - Byron De La Beckwith is convicted of the 1963 murder of civil rights leader Medgar Evers.
 * 2004 - Twenty-three Chinese people drown when a group of 35 cockle-pickers are trapped by rising tides in Morecambe Bay, England. Twenty-one bodies are recovered.
 * 2008 - A major tornado outbreak across the Southern United States leaves at least 59 dead, the most since the May 31, 1985 outbreak that killed 76.
 * In my judgment, all of the above should be excluded. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 17:04, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I can see no international significance of any of those entries. In fact I remember seeing the red nose entry and thinking that should be removed, but when I was looking I didn't have time to dig further into the event, and since then I had forgotten which date it was on.  I would remove all those entries.  Grouf(talk • contribs) 19:30, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * We're only going to be left with actions of governments. Kingturtle (talk) 19:33, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * First please don't delete my comments. Second I see no problem with that.  The way that I read WP:NGS  the date pages should only contain major historical events, and these, as far as I can tell, are not major historical events.  Grouf(talk • contribs) 20:05, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * My apologies. I did not intentionally delete your comments. It was an error. Kingturtle (talk) 20:08, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Edit Conflict (yes I was sitting on it for a while): I don't think so. The first successful brain transplant will be notable.  Invention of the virtual reality sex machine will be notable.  Largest earthquake ever is notable.  Social firsts aren't necessarily tied to governments, nor are crime and scientific events.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 20:22, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * oh...edit conflict....sorry, I'm use to vandals intentionally deleting, 'honest mistake' didn't occur to me. No hard feelings.  Grouf(talk • contribs) 20:36, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Sorry to harp on this, but according to my standards, the major tornado outbreak should stay, but according to the prevailing standards I don't see how it is internationally notable or significant. Kingturtle (talk) 00:12, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. The prevailing standard would support exclusion.  We can really only go on the prevailing standards which are as close to consensus as we'll get.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 00:35, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Charles II/ 1649
I think the line makes the situation unclear. Charles was only recognised as king of Scots, he wasn't crowned until 1/1/1651. At no point during this period was Charles recognised as king of Ireland or England by either of the respective governments. --BRFC78 (talk) 17:48, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

ruth fertham is a businesswoman, not a businessman
I initially had the impression upon reading this that Ruth must be being used as a boy's name (as it sometimes is). I had to click through to find out that she was in fact a woman. There are hardly any women listed in the Births on this page, so it would be nice to make clear when there is one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.139.38.77 (talk) 21:20, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

Aris Christofellis
Aris Christofellis is a male soprano not a tenor and this is immediately reflected on his wikipedia page. Though it's possible he may have sung and recorded as a tenor (which he's perfectly capable of doing!), it is as a soprano that he is best known and celebrated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.61.138.71 (talk) 19:38, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

Removal of insufficiently birth entries
I've removed a few of some celebrities on birth lists on articles with a little or no articles in other Wikipedias. If they not notable enough. Thank you Shiesmine (talk) 15:20, 16 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I wasn't aware that that was part of our notability criteria. What are the inclusion criteria for these articles? WP:BIRTHDOY says it is "more stringent" than WP:N, but doesn't say what it is. Elizium23 (talk) 20:06, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on February 5. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121208143608/http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=05 to http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=05

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:47, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

100th anniversary in 2019
Hi. Late notice, but 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of United Artists by Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin and D. W. Griffith. Any chance we can get it in? Article on UA has some good photos of the four. Moira Paul (talk) 12:17, 3 February 2019 (UTC)

Removal of names under section headers "Births" and "Deaths"
I am confused as to why my addition of 1961 Hakan Peker, 1962 Jacqui Dankworth, 1975 Adam Carson, 1998 Sara Tomic and 2001 Juan Karlos Labajo under "Births" and 1967 Violeta Parra under "Deaths" was reverted. The WP:Edit summary stated the putative problem as, "please provide WP:RSs per WP:DAYS", but gave no other details. Since none of the names under "Births" and "Deaths" is accompanied by inline cites, it would be inappropriate to append  only to these six entries. Thus, a more-detailed explanation of the problem would be helpful. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 22:27, 10 December 2019 (UTC)

Bouligny speech

 * 1861 – Rep. John Edward Bouligny of New Orleans delivers a speech before Congress refusing to join his fellow Louisiana congressmen in heeding the state's secession convention and resigning.

, regarding the notability of the speech, I'd say it is notable because it is one of the few instances of a Deep South congressman affirming his support for the Union as the country was breaking apart. This speech was when he outlined his intentions and it was widely reported in the national press at the time, and, until his death in 1864, this speech (and the stand he took) were frequently mentioned when Bouligny appeared in the press. Even if the speech itself doesn't meet the notability threshold, it would still be a good date/marker for Bouligny's decision to stand with the Union, which seems to me a notable event. —Carter (Tcr25) (talk) 12:19, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Generally events are expected to be notable to the point where they have articles about them. It's clear Bouligny is highly notable but his speech wasn't on the order of the Gettysburg Address - which was a notable speech.  Toddst1 (talk) 21:52, 22 October 2021 (UTC)

"Liberation Day" San Marino
In the linked article, it says "Commemoration of Saint Agatha, co-patroness of the Republic after the country was liberated from foreign rule on her feast day in 1740". Nothing about calling it Liberation Day or celebrating it as such. --2607:FEA8:FF01:4E54:F09A:3CFC:65BE:BC9 (talk) 13:12, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 5


text:
Talk:February 6

Michael Jordan slam dunk
It claims that Michael Jordan's dunk at the Slam Dunk Contest in 1988 inspired Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo, but the Air Jordan brand and Jumpman logo had already existed for several years. I can't find any source supporting the assertion that the dunk was the inspiration for the brand or logo. Releere (talk) 13:41, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
 * As the dates don't work and I couldn't find a reliable source I've removed the entry from the list. Suonii180 (talk) 23:32, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

Edit
I have removed several of the more recent historical events. Regarding the importance of the older events, the newer ones seem entirely irrelevant and almost laughable. For example, what is the Slam Dunk of Michael Jordan compared to the foundation of Singapore, of the capture of Fort Henry? I think inclusion of such things does not really befit an encyclopaedia which shouldn't be biased towards more recent events. Certainly as the years pass these things would be removed.

Kate McGarrigle
Dear fellow editor, I noticed that in your mass-edit earlier today, here, you reverted the change I had applied yesterday, here, in which I had improved on Kate McGarrigle's description by changing 'accordion player' to 'multi-instrumentalist'. Since I am not sure whether your revert was intentional or accidental, please may I therefore invite you simply to visit her article page, Kate McGarrigle, and look at the Instruments clause in the infobox? I am hopeful that you will agree that it would be more complete to refer to her as a 'multi-instrumentalist', since she played piano, guitar and banjo, as well as the accordion. In fact, I've just noticed that I should update Kate's infobox because she also played the fiddle. Thank you in advance for letting me know, at your convenience, that you would have no objection to my re-instating the more general description of 'multi-instrumentalist' in this case. Thank you for your help and consideration. With kind regards; Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(guestbook) 20:39, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Dear fellow editor,
 * I am leaving this second message, out of courtesy to you and other editors watching this article, to confirm that I will soon update the entry for Kate McGarrigle (1946, in Births) from Canadian singer-songwriter and accordion player to Canadian musician and singer-songwriter. I am hopeful that you will agree this is more general and also in line with the main article on Kate McGarrigle. For consistency, I will apply the same change to the entry for her death (2010) in the article on January 18 and to the entry for Anna McGarrigle (1944, Births) in the article on December 4. Thank you. ✅
 * With kind regards;
 * Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(guestbook) 10:31, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 6


text:
Talk:February 8

I added the 100th anniversary of scouting to the page, shouldn't be too awful since its very notable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.62.238.106 (talk) 02:21, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Births and Deaths
Continuing the ongoing effort to reduce the size of the Births and Deaths sections to make them manageable, I'm removing some celebrities with few or no articles in other wikipedias, moving the entries to the appropriate Year in Topic article if they were not already present. This is in accordance with the guidelines. See discussions at Wikipedia_talk:Days_of_the_year.Deb (talk) 21:23, 12 December 2015 (UTC)

holidays and observances - Feast of Orthodoxy
The Feast of Orthodoxy is not known as being 42 days before Easter. It is known as being the first Sunday of Lent in the Orthodox calendar. The fact that it is 42 days before Easter is true, but irrelevant to the noteworthiness of the feast. --142.163.194.123 (talk) 17:04, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
 * A reliable reference containing the true facts would be really helpful. Deb (talk) 18:49, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Is the website of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America not reliable? If not, what would be?--142.163.194.123 (talk) 02:04, 9 February 2021 (UTC)
 * no argument against, I shall put it in? I note that tomorrow, "clean Monday", is related to Great Lent. 142.163.195.167 (talk) 14:28, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, please do, citing that source. Toddst1 (talk) 14:33, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

Notability of events/people
Hi everyone!

I was going through the events and cleaning up the wording/styling and noticed these events (listed below). They don't seem particularly notable based on the content they provide and none of them have any sourcing either so would like to have some additional input regarding them and whether they should be kept/taken off the page.

Events: (putting my comments in bold)

 * 1590 – Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva is tortured by the Inquisition in Mexico, charged with concealing the practice of Judaism in his family. There were many individuals persecuted/tortured by the Inquisition but how does this compare to other instances?
 * 1922 – United States President Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio set in the White House.
 * 1942  – World War II: The Dutch Colonial Army's General Destruction Unit burns Banjarmasin, South Borneo, to avoid Japanese capture.
 * 1955 – The government of Sindh, Pakistan, abolishes the province's Jagirdari system, allowing for one million acres (4,000 km2) of land to be distributed among landless peasants. The other provinces of Pakistan also had the Jagirdari system so how is this particular abolition unique in comparison to the others?
 * 1981 – Twenty-one association football spectators are trampled to death at Karaiskakis Stadium in Neo Faliro, Greece, after a football match between Olympiacos F.C. and AEK Athens F.C.
 * 1993 – General Motors sues NBC after Dateline NBC allegedly rigs two crashes intended to demonstrate that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places. NBC settles the lawsuit the next day.
 * 2005 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP A. Chandranehru dies of injuries sustained in an ambush the previous day.

These events have sources but I'm skeptical of their broader notability: (my comments in bold)
 * 1575 – Leiden University, the oldest university in the Netherlands, is founded and given the motto Praesidium Libertatis. Every country has a "first university" so how is Leiden unique?
 * 1978 – Proceedings of the United States Senate are broadcast on radio for the first time. Is this unique in comparison to other countries' legislatures broadcasting for the first time?
 * 1996 – The United States Congress passes the Communications Decency Act. Every country has their own internet legislation so how is this law specifically unique?

There's also one person listed in the Deaths section called Dayrolles Eveleigh-de-Moleyns (shown below) which I was able to locate a few incomplete sources but am doubtful over their notability for this article (their Wikipedia article almost entirely consists of his family ties, various searches I've conducted have turned up virtually nothing except a few minor references to his and the only thing which appears to give him his notability is his inherited peerage, which many, many people in the U.K. had at the time (and most British peers don't have their articles listed on DOY articles)).
 * 1914 – Dayrolles Eveleigh-de-Moleyns, 4th Baron Ventry, Irish hereditary peer (b. 1828)

Thanks! Dan the Animator 03:37, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

 * @Dantheanimator - thanks for all your work adding/improving citations. Have you made any changes to the above entries? Where there is more than one citation for an entry, do you want to choose which one you think is best, and remove the others, just to reduce the size of the References section? Also, there should not be two entries for Mary, Queen of Scots in both the Events and Deaths sections - could you remove one of them. Thanks! Kiwipete (talk) 03:37, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * thanks for the reply! Regarding the above entries, what do you mean by changes? Since moving them off the article here for discussion, I haven't edited them. If you think any of the above events should be re-added though, feel free to let me know with some reason as to why so we can discuss it I guess.
 * For the excessive citations, I completely agree (hence some of my recent edits) although I'm not an expert with what is and isn't WP:RS (especially when it comes to non-American sources) so I tend to be overcautious and just leave them all there for other editors with greater familiarity with the sources to decide (the main cases of this are those with the Finnish tabloids, those with museum/book/journal links that I either can't access fully or can't fully assess as to the adequateness as a source). For the sportspeople with multiple sources, if I remember right I add in the other sources since I wasn't sure if ESPN/Premier League's website/FIBA/NHL/etc. were fully reliable. If they are though (which I'm p sure they are), I can cut back there to keep it to one source per person. There's also cases where I had impartial sourcing (the ref would verify the death date but not the birth date and vice versa) so those are probably going to stay as multiple refs unless better sourcing can be found (although trust me, I've tried, it's just very, very tough when it comes to some of these people).
 * For the Queen Mary entries, thanks for pointing that out! I took out the entry in the death section. Let me know your thoughts on the above. Cheers, Dan the Animator 03:55, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * @Dantheanimator, I was being lazy when asking about those entries above ;) I now see that they have all been removed, which is what I would have recommended myself. I'm not an expert either with regards to citations, so yes probably better to leave them as they are until someone more knowledgeable can have a look. Kiwipete (talk) 04:05, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

Please add to February 8 birthday list Rui Hachimura
To all admins please added birthday list for is Rui Hachimura, his birthday was dated February 8, 1998. So would like to added to birthday list for February 8? Thanks. Lovemuhcko (talk) 10:18, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

 * A citation is essential. Please give a reliable source. Deb (talk) 10:24, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

RfC on MOS:LEADLENGTH/Wikiproject Consensus
Hey everyone, per the recommendations on the RfC page, I'm posting a link to the RfC I opened on DOY articles and an issue with their lead length here. Here's the brief version of the question for the RfC:

Should the leads of Days Of the Year (DOY) articles be expanded to comply with MOS:LEADLENGTH/WP:FLCR or should those policies be modified to create an exception for DOY articles per the apparent consensus against changing DOY leads?

Link to RfC

I added a expanded explanation of the question on the RfC page so please go there to get a full understanding of the issue. Cheers, Dan the Animator 02:52, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

 * In this discussion, as an example, I suggested expanding the lead for this page to include some or all of the following:
 * "On this day, in 421 CE, Constantius III became co-emporer of the Western Roman Empire, and Mary, Queen of Scots was executed in 1587. During the 20th century, Japan attacked Russia in 1904 and Singapore in 1942 on this date, and in 1946, North Korea officially became a communist state.  In 1971, the world's first all-electronic stock market opened on this date.
 * In the northern hemisphere, February 8th falls in the winter, and in the southern hemisphere, it is summer, according to both astronomical and meteorological reckonings.
 * In 2025, February 8th will be the 100th anniversary of the birth of Jack Lemmon, American actor (d. 2001), the 200th anniversary of the birth of Henry Walter Bates, English geographer, biologist, and explorer (d. 1892), and the 300th anniversary of the death of Peter the Great, Russian emperor.
 * The latter paragraph would have to be updated each year. Changing the lead every year is normal in some subjects (e.g., annual events, which often give the date for the upcoming event), but some editors don't think it's worth the bother.  Feel free to copy any of this to the article if you'd like to use it.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 8


text:
Talk:February 9

The 1855 footprints in the snow in Devon is quite a famous story, and if any one is curious about sources, I can supply them (Maypoles, Martyrs and Mayhem, for a start). Why was it removed so quickly? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 21:34, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The event did not link to an article that supported it. Per WP:DAYS events must link to an existing article that mentions the event explicitly.  The question of this event's long term global notability is another reason.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 21:36, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

St Maroun's Day vs Maron as a saint
It seems to me that it would be better to list (St. Maron) as a saint (Maronite Church) and list St Maron's day below. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 19:57, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 February 2019
Under Events where is says "2018 Winter Olympics : opening ceremony is performed in Pyeongchang County in South Korea.", I wish to take the colon and place it directly after "Olympics" so there is no space between the word and punctuation. 98.210.124.96 (talk) 00:29, 10 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done DannyS712 (talk) 00:44, 10 February 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 February 2019
Add birth 1853 Leander Starr Jameson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leander_Starr_Jameson) 202.175.142.20 (talk) 21:32, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg DoneRhinosF1(chat) (status)(contribs) 15:04, 18 February 2019 (UTC)

Lennard Pearce
Lennard Pearce needs adding to the birthdays list, was unjustly removed after I added him Mustardwilleywandererscc (talk) 13:21, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

 * As stated by @Pewtey in the edit summary for their reversion of your edit, all new entries require an inline citation. Please read WP:DOYCITE for more information. Kiwipete (talk) 01:21, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

Wrong birth date of Sultan Abdulaziz
Sultan Abdulaziz was not born on February 9th but on February 8th. Your own article in Wikipedia says so. Make the necessary correction. 2A02:AB04:2D4:8C00:AC1E:824F:B791:8F15 (talk) 09:00, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:February 9


text:
User:McE~enwiki

de:Benutzer:McE

title: User:McE~enwiki


text: File:Velvet underground album cover 2.png