text:
Talk:Geography of Rwanda

Untitled
Geography questions:

-- Walt Pohl 04:31, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Are the Birunga Mountains and Virunga Mountains the same thing? If so, what name is more standard in English?
 * Is Volcan Karisimbi or Mount Karisimbi (or even Karisimbi Volcano) the name in English? ("Volcan Kirisimbi" looks like the French name.)

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Where we found lake kivu 197.157.155.51 (talk) 12:05, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Geography of Rwanda


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User talk:19KarWaiLee

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. If you're looking for something to do, try. Happy editing! Meelar 04:32, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

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E. Clement Bethel

Edward Clement Bethel (11 February 1938 – 24 August 1987) was a Bahamian composer, pianist and choral director who became the first Director of Culture in the Bahamas.

Biography
Clement Betel was born in Nassau, Bahamas, to Edward Irvin Bethel and Lilias Ethel Bethel. He was trained as a classical pianist in London, but chose to dedicate his life to the development of culture in the Bahamas. Under his direction, the new nation of the Bahamas learned an appreciation of its indigenous music.

He co-wrote and directed the Independence Pageant, a survey of Bahamian history from pre-Columbian days to Bahamian Independence from Britain, which was performed on the evening leading up to the morning of July 10, 1973. He composed the folk opera Sammie Swain, which he adapted from a Bahamian folktale and he wrote and arranged many Bahamian songs.

Bethel's MA thesis in ethnomusicology, Music in The Bahamas: its Roots, Rhyme and Personality, covered the development of Bahamian music from the slave era to the 20th century, and one chapter of that thesis was expanded into the book Junkanoo: Festival of The Bahamas (Macmillan Caribbean 1992, ISBN 0-333-55469-8). Bethel's children were named Nicolette Bethel and Edward Clement Bethel Junior.

He died at the age of 49 from a hereditary kidney illness. His daughter, Nicolette Bethel, has continued his work and expanded Junkanoo: Festival of The Bahamas.

title: E. Clement Bethel


text:
Talk:Geography of Africa

Untitled
Comments:
 * Kirunga might be Birunga Mountains or Virunga Mountains.
 * Basso Norok is probably just another name for Lake Rudolf (now Lake Turkana, at least in Kenya).

-- Walt Pohl 04:48, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Current lake names
Many of the lake names have changed somewhat since 1911. Here's a list of the 1911 Brittanica name and the more common modern name:

 * Abai - Abaya
 * Albert Nyanza - Albert
 * Albert Edward - Edward
 * Leopold II - Mai-Ndombe
 * Tsana - Tana or T'ana

Lake Rudolf and Lake Nyasa are more-usually known as Lake Turkana and Lake Malawi, respectively, but the older names still seem to be in use.

Walt Pohl 04:21, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Who knows this town?
In the WikiProject Nuttall_Encyclopedia_topics, we hit on the city "Yokuba",
 * Yokuba is the largest town in Sokoto, in the Lower Soudan, with a large trade in cotton, tobacco, and indigo.

Sokoto is in the WP, but there is no town called Yokuba near it. The source is from 1907, and Google doesn't help much. Thanks--J heisenberg 10:33, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

"remarkably regular outline"?
what is it? call me blind, but i don't see it. further, a google search for the phrase shows the sentence in the article reproduced in lots of phrases but no explanation of what it is. i think the phrase needs to be explained further? is it that the coastline in africa is not as wiggly as those in other continents? -- Doldrums 07:56, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

How many countries?
Africa is a continent comprising 56 countries, representing the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the earth's surface.

The main Africa article says there are 54 countries...personally I recall there being 53 countries. Regardless of whatever the number is, Wikipedia shouldn't contradict itself. --TwilightBat 10:34, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * As per discussions on the Africa talk page: if one includes only territories recognised as independent member states by the UN (which is as good a standard in Wp as any), there are 53 countries. If one includes all/other jurisdictions (as per the table, itself rather based on UN categorisations) – i.e., including Western Sahara (claimed by Morocco), French territories (Reunion and Mayotte), Spanish territories (Canary Islands, Ceuta/Melilla), and extraterritories (Madeira, Saint Helena) – there are 61 territories that comprise Africa.  Whichever value is used, I agree there should be consistency throughout.

 * To that end, I've made editions to this article reflecting the above (and, similarly, to the mentions and area figures in the Africa article). E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 15:16, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Northernmost point?
It says on the Africa article that Cape Blanc in Tunisia is the northernmost point. So why does it say somewhere in Morocco holds that distinction here? --68.249.187.0 10:31, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Andrew Krueger —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.9.89.224 (talk) 20:59, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Westernmost point?
There's an inconsistency in the statement: "Cape Verde, 17°33′22″ W, the westernmost point". Either the link should be to Cap-Vert, Senegal, the westernmost point of the continent, or the coordinates and distance should be updated to reflect the position of the Cape Verde Islands. More detail is provided in the section on Extreme Points, but this first paragraph should be revised to be internally consistent. -IGTaylor (talk) 18:46, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

Revision
this articel need a compled revision Lake Rudolf is Lake Turkana now and the Chad Basin has a size of 2,4 Mio. km², the catchment area of the Chari River extent to 650.000 km² and Petermans Mitteilungen from 1890 is a good source for the 19. century are for the 21. Century? i dont know and some other geographical locations are really failurous, Raas Xaafuun is not the eastern Point on Mainland is located on a Island, the Island is shared from Mainland by a Marshland. The Lake Chad is a Lake not a River Basin and in Section Hydrology, where are the Aquifers and large wetland Areas? --Assarhaddon 9:00, 22. June 2011 (UTC)

File:Africa (satellite image).jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Africa (satellite image).jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on December 15, 2011. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2011-12-15. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks!  howcheng  {chat} 18:05, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

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Structural Lines?
Does anybody know what the 1911 text is talking about when it refers to structural lines? Does that paragraph serve any purpose? I want to delete it, but I want to understand it first :)

-Vonfraginoff (talk) 09:24, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

Lowest point?
Lake Assal is the lowest at the surface but is only 195 meters below sea level at the deepest point. The deepest point of Lake Tanganyika is 697 meters below sea level. It depends on the definition of "lowest" I guess. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Earth#Lowest_natural_points lists several versions of "lowest". Maybe this page should do the same?

Geography
Name the major river of Africa their boundaries including the various mountains and their highest peak of measurement 41.191.107.44 (talk) 23:42, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

"Africa can be divided into a number of geographic zones"
This is followed by This accounts for maybe 5% of the total landmass. Did someone start making a list and then just run out of energy?  · rodii ·  21:06, 28 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The coastal plains
 * The Atlas range

History of Africa
How old 92.2.50.43 (talk) 16:53, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geography of Africa


text:
Talk:List of African writers

Excellent beginning. There's a useful link at http://www.geocities.com/africanwriters/. RickK 04:51, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks - many additions to come, I hope...

I've gone and expanded the list - it's is much longer than before. It also has multiple problems, which I hope we will sort out together over the course of time, but which I think should be addressed, so everyone is aware of them while editing:

 * Some authors seem to be extremely minor – like prize winners in literary competitions, thus talented but not accomplished. Or they are stories from everyday life that are published in a volume (this especially goes for some of the ones from Lesotho). This is a problem insofar as they are still listed on websites with long lists of African authors where the biographies are very ambiguous and shoddy. I went for the more inclusive route, hoping we’d weed out writers who are less known after a while. Please, if you’re from an African country and/or you are knowledgeable about the literature there, check some of the authors from your country to see if you’ve heard of them. That should give a good indication.

authors deleted for the above reason:Kady Guissé Diop, Gugulethu S. Dlamini, J.C de Graft, Joséphine Guidy Wandja, Anne Kangah, Marie-Constance Komara, Fibla Koné, Mariam Koné, Adèle Kouassi, Emilie Koumba, Josette Lima, Lucie Mba, Gbané Salimata, Rosannés de Souza, Célia Vieyra (--Pteron 10:14, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)) -- ‘Mamoroosi ‘Maseele Qacha, Tembela Sekele Sr. Alina Khabane, Inahaneng Tsekana, Moroesi Akhionbare, Mapheleba Lekheto, 'Masefinela Mphuthing, ‘M’atseleng Lentsoenyane, Monica Nthabeleng Ramarothole, Clement Moiketsi Matjelo, Nomakhosi Mntuyedwa, Mpine Tente, K. Limakatso Kendall (--Pteron 19:49, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)) -- Myriam Bah (--Pteron 20:37, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC))

This concerns especially authors from these sites (as I’m not all too sure what these are and how they are to be evaluated but the authors featured here are in the Femme Ecrivains listings):

 * SAISON D'AMOUR ET DE COLÈRE : Poèmes et nouvelles du Sahel
 * Le Prix Isaïe Biton Koulibaly de la Nouvelle

 * Some authors might not really qualify as ‘African’ writers. This site is meant for the geographic region instead of a cultural group, i.e. excludes African Europeans/ Americans/ Asians and Afro-Caribbean writers. An African Diaspora writers list would be a great undertaking, but this list also includes Africans of European /Asian/ American decent, who would be excluded from that list. It’s really a case by case decision, but when writing about an African author when you have more info on their biography, please check how well they fit the description. I’ve marked where authors were born outside of Africa, when known.
 * Writers who publish in European languages seem to be over-represented. Check for authors who publish in African languages.
 * Some authors could well have died – their Internet biographies are often dated.
 * Authors from South Africa, Senegal, Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire are utterly over-represented. This has of course got to do with the long-standing literary traditions in those countries... Still, please look for authors from other countries.
 * Some names are pseudonyms – when known I have used the most commonly used name as the entry and entered the other name(s) at other places in the list
 * If there are more articles about African authors on Wikipedia, help search for them. Include a backlink to this page on those pages, so more people can learn about African literature

Concerning which ones to write about first: I recommend choosing the authors that are studied at University level, whose books are featured in the Top 100 African books of the 20th century list etc. first of all.

--Pteron 03:38, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

List of African writers (by country)
For the next two weeks, there will be a collaborative effort to supply at least stubs for as many writers on List of African writers (by country) as possible. Please contribute.

I would also like to know how these two lists will be kept in sync. I would propose an automated mechanism, but there seems to be no good way to specify how these names are to be sorted. Any suggestions? Shorne 01:53, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Authors' Languages?
Is there any way these lists could indicate what languages the authors wrote in? This would be immensely helpful for people interested in Postcolonial literature, Francophone literature and the like. Thanks. NYArtsnWords 16:42, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

The list by country should be helpful in this respect, as long as you know the colonial history of Africa. ZacharyS 23:52, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Helpful only with respect to writers in the colonial languages... If/when wiki lists more indigenous language writings, as requested above, it will become more important (and more useful for African readers) to list the languages a writer has published in. JackyR 03:28, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge with List of African writers (by country)
I have suggested that this list be merged with List of African writers (by country). They are duplicates, and certainly there is no gain in having both. Please discuss this at Talk:List of African writers (by country). / --Ezeu 00:09, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of African writers


text:
Shooting method

In numerical analysis, the shooting method is a method for solving a boundary value problem by reducing it to an initial value problem. It involves finding solutions to the initial value problem for different initial conditions until one finds the solution that also satisfies the boundary conditions of the boundary value problem. In layman's terms, one "shoots" out trajectories in different directions from one boundary until one finds the trajectory that "hits" the other boundary condition.

Mathematical description
Suppose one wants to solve the boundary-value problem$$ y''(t) = f(t, y(t), y'(t)), \quad y(t_0) = y_0, \quad y(t_1) = y_1. $$Let $$ y(t; a) $$ solve the initial-value problem$$ y''(t) = f(t, y(t), y'(t)), \quad y(t_0) = y_0, \quad y'(t_0) = a. $$If $$ y(t_1; a) = y_1 $$, then $$ y(t; a) $$ is also a solution of the boundary-value problem.

The shooting method is the process of solving the initial value problem for many different values of $$ a $$ until one finds the solution $$ y(t; a) $$ that satisfies the desired boundary conditions. Typically, one does so numerically. The solution(s) correspond to root(s) of $$ F(a) = y(t_1; a) - y_1.$$To systematically vary the shooting parameter $$ a $$ and find the root, one can employ standard root-finding algorithms like the bisection method or Newton's method.

Roots of $$ F $$ and solutions to the boundary value problem are equivalent. If $$ a $$ is a root of $$ F $$, then $$ y(t; a) $$ is a solution of the boundary value problem. Conversely, if the boundary value problem has a solution $$ y(t) $$, it is also the unique solution $$ y(t; a) $$ of the initial value problem where $$ a = y'(t_0) $$, so $$ a $$ is a root of $$ F $$.

Etymology and intuition
The term "shooting method" has its origin in artillery. An analogy for the shooting method is to

 * place a cannon at the position $$y(t_0) = y_0$$, then
 * vary the angle $$a = y'(t_0)$$ of the cannon, then
 * fire the cannon until it hits the boundary value $$y(t_1) = y_1$$.

Between each shot, the direction of the cannon is adjusted based on the previous shot, so every shot hits closer than the previous one. The trajectory that "hits" the desired boundary value is the solution to the boundary value problem — hence the name "shooting method".

Linear shooting method
The boundary value problem is linear if f has the form $$ f(t, y(t), y'(t)) = p(t) y'(t) + q(t)y(t) + r(t). $$ In this case, the solution to the boundary value problem is usually given by: $$y(t) = y_{(1)}(t) + \frac{y_{1}-y_{(1)}(t_1)}{y_{(2)}(t_1)} y_{(2)}(t)$$ where $$y_{(1)}(t)$$ is the solution to the initial value problem: $$y_{(1)}''(t) = p(t) y_{(1)}'(t) + q(t) y_{(1)}(t) + r(t),\quad y_{(1)}(t_0) = y_0, \quad y_{(1)}'(t_0) = 0, $$ and $$y_{(2)}(t)$$ is the solution to the initial value problem: $$y_{(2)}''(t) = p(t) y_{(2)}'(t) + q(t) y_{(2)}(t),\quad y_{(2)}(t_0) = 0, \quad y_{(2)}'(t_0) = 1. $$ See the proof for the precise condition under which this result holds.

Standard boundary value problem
A boundary value problem is given as follows by Stoer and Bulirsch (Section 7.3.1). $$ w''(t) = \frac{3}{2} w^2(t), \quad w(0) = 4, \quad w(1) = 1 $$

The initial value problem $$ w''(t) = \frac{3}{2} w^2(t), \quad w(0) = 4, \quad w'(0) = s$$ was solved for s = −1, −2, −3, ..., −100, and F(s) = w(1;s) − 1 plotted in the Figure 2. Inspecting the plot of F, we see that there are roots near −8 and −36. Some trajectories of w(t;s) are shown in the Figure 1.

Stoer and Bulirsch state that there are two solutions, which can be found by algebraic methods. These correspond to the initial conditions w′(0) = −8 and w′(0) = −35.9 (approximately).

Eigenvalue problem

The shooting method can also be used to solve eigenvalue problems. Consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation for the quantum harmonic oscillator $$-\frac{1}{2} \psi_n''(x) + \frac{1}{2} x^2 \psi_n(x) = E_n \psi_n(x).$$ In quantum mechanics, one seeks normalizable wavefunctions $$\psi_n(x)$$ and their corresponding energies subject to the boundary conditions $$\psi_n(x \rightarrow +\infty) = \psi_n(x \rightarrow -\infty) = 0.$$The problem can be solved analytically to find the energies $$E_n = n + 1/2$$ for $$n = 0, 1, 2, \dots$$, but also serves as an excellent illustration of the shooting method. To apply it, first note some general properties of the Schrödinger equation:

 * If $$\psi_n(x)$$ is an eigenfunction, so is $$C \psi_n(x)$$ for any nonzero constant $$C$$.
 * The $$n$$-th excited state $$\psi_n(x)$$ has $$n$$ roots where $$\psi_n(x) = 0$$.
 * For even $$n$$, the $$n$$-th excited state $$\psi_n(x) = \psi_n(-x)$$ is symmetric and nonzero at the origin.
 * For odd $$n$$, the $$n$$-th excited state $$\psi_n(x) = -\psi_n(-x)$$ is antisymmetric and thus zero at the origin.

To find the $$n$$-th excited state $$\psi_n(x)$$ and its energy $$E_n$$, the shooting method is then to:

 * 1) Guess some energy $$E_n$$.
 * 2) Integrate the Schrödinger equation. For example, use the central finite difference$$-\frac{1}{2} \frac{\psi^{i+1}_n - 2 \psi^i_n + \psi^{i-1}_n}{{\Delta x}^2} + \frac{1}{2} (x^i)^2 \psi^i_n = E_n \psi^i_n.$$
 * 3) * If $$n$$ is even, set $$\psi_0$$ to some arbitrary number (say $$\psi^0_n = 1$$ — the wavefunction can be normalized after integration anyway) and use the symmetric property to find all remaining $$\psi_n^i$$.
 * 4) * If $$n$$ is odd, set $$\psi^0_n = 0$$ and $$\psi^1_n$$ to some arbitrary number (say $$\psi^1_n = 1$$ — the wavefunction can be normalized after integration anyway) and find all remaining $$\psi_n^i$$.
 * 5) Count the roots of $$\psi_n$$ and refine the guess for the energy $$E_n$$.
 * 6) * If there are $$n$$ or less roots, the guessed energy is too low, so increase it and repeat the process.
 * 7) * If there are more than $$n$$ roots, the guessed energy is too high, so decrease it and repeat the process.

The energy-guessing can be done with the bisection method, and the process can be terminated when the energy difference is sufficiently small. Then one can take any energy in the interval to be the correct energy.

title: Shooting method


text:
Talk:Gobi Desert

Jargon
I'm having a lot of trouble understanding the "Sands of the Gobi" section. Could anyone explain the terms or simplify them? Wood Thrush 01:30, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

Needs a bit more on fauna. Like, a lot more
Seriously. 70.118.67.194 (talk) 19:44, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gobi Desert


text:
Talk:Communes of the Territoire de Belfort department by arrondissements and cantons

Untitled
In which country is this located? Andris 05:00, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)


text:
21st Golden Raspberry Awards

The 21st Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 24, 2001, at the Radisson-Huntley Hotel in Santa Monica, California, USA, to recognize the worst the movie industry had to offer in 2000.

Science fiction bomb Battlefield Earth swept the awards, claiming victory in all seven categories in which it was nominated (from a total of eight nominations, with its double nomination in the Supporting Actor category). J.D. Shapiro later accepted his Worst Screenplay award in a radio program. The record was then beaten by Jack and Jill (with the total of 12 nominations and 10 wins).

Following the 21st Golden Raspberry Awards on March 24, 2001, the film production and distribution company, Franchise Pictures, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on August 19, 2007.

Awards and nominations
{{legend|#B0C4DE|Winner (in bold)}}

Films with multiple nominations
These films received multiple nominations:

Dissolution of Franchise Pictures
On August 19, 2007, The film production and distribution company, Franchise Pictures, was sued by its investors and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after it emerged that it had fraudulently overstated the Battlefield Earth budget by $31 million.

title: 21st Golden Raspberry Awards


text:
Sarah McLeod

Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.

Career
McLeod knew Liz Mulane, the casting director of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings from an earlier film of his that she had appeared in called Forgotten Silver. McLeod was six months pregnant when she auditioned for the role of Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit. Four months later, she was told that she had won the role. She explained, "This was after I had the baby, so my first day on the set, the baby was 12 weeks old. So from the first time I auditioned for the role, until the whole thing comes out, the third film, my baby will be four years old, it just goes to show you how big and long this production is." Her daughter, Maisy, played the infant son of Rosie and Samwise Gamgee, seen in the final scene of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The New Zealand Herald observed in 2004 that McLeod was "notable for having the most significant role of the few New Zealand actresses in the trilogy." In 2007, McLeod and fourteen other Lord of the Rings actors from New Zealand sued New Line, as they felt they were legally entitled to five percent of the trilogy's net merchandising revenue.

From 2008 to 2009, McLeod co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson. McLeod conducted legal and personal research on surrogacy for the role, as her character's storyline involved asking her friend to be a surrogate mother for Cindy and her husband. In a 2010 episode of America's Next Top Model, McLeod appeared as herself on the set of Hobbiton, where the contestants participated in a Lord of the Rings-themed photo shoot.

title: Sarah McLeod


text:
Talk:Initial D

Propose the del of the release list
Why do we need the relees list when the info box in the right gives us the same info? —Preceding unsigned comment added by AlucardNoir (talk • contribs) 15:18, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Initial D Extra Stage 1 DVD.jpg
Image:Initial D Extra Stage 1 DVD.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Initial D Keisuke vs Takumi.jpg
Image:Initial D Keisuke vs Takumi.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 16:53, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:IDStage2.jpg
Image:IDStage2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:00, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Extra Stage Innacuracy
There is no female member of Emperor and Mako and Sayuki certainly don't race her. They race another male member of team Emperor, but his name escapes me. It seems to me this is a pretty big gaffe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.233.105.177 (talk) 22:11, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Regarding Fifth Stage
Okay, I've had it up to here with folks adding a subsection with decidedly false release date information for Initial D Fifth Stage. If I have to erase this facetious text one more time, I will recommend the section for protection. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tessou (talk • contribs) 05:07, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

Refs dump
--KrebMarkt (talk) 21:25, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * ANN: Stage 1 part 1 Stage 4 part 1 Stage 4 part 2 ANN Shelf Life Stage 4 part 2 Shelf Life Stage 1 part 1 Shelf Life Stage 2 DVD Stage 2 DVD
 * Mania.com: Stage 1 part 1 Stage 1 part 2 Stage 2 part 1 Season 3 Movie Live action Movie Stage 4 part 2
 * Otaku USA: Extra Stage 1.0
 * ActiveAnime: Complete Stage 2

After Fourth Stage
Could somebody please add the synopsis for the events (so far) AFTER fourth stage? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.216.155.32 (talk) 06:39, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Pronunciation of the Title
I've removed the statement, "Although Initial D used ateji for putting its name. Reading clearly should be shown as at the top, Kashiramoji D.", both because it's in broken English, and because it's false. It's essentially saying, "Even though the author is clearly telling you to pronounce the title 'Initial D', you should still pronounce it Kashiramoji." Also I'd argue that this is a case of jukujikun, not ateji, because:

-a simple google search (Japanese pages only) will show you that 頭文字 is almost synonymous with Initial D

-the Japanese wikipedia page for 頭文字 directs you to the term イニシャル (initial), or an explanation of acronyms (頭字語)

-the Japanese wikipedia page for Initial D doesn't provide kashiramoji as a pronunciation whatsoever (as such, neither should the English page, but someone else can make that move)

-the official Japanese website for the comic says so in Shuuichi Shigeno's biographical blurb — Preceding unsigned comment added by HotLimit1 (talk • contribs) 21:58, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

The japanese wikipedia page for 頭文字 even says that it is read as イニシャル inisharu in certain contexts. There is probably no argument to have kashiramoji on this wiki page at all. It's probably only here because someone went to edict and typed the kanji in and got back kashiramoji as the only result. I'm changing it over. 115.64.159.41 (talk) 09:07, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

A vote to retain the depth of the article
I've found this article strangely indispensable to finding various source information about street-racing lingo and in popular media. I'm not sure it should be trimmed! 76.21.107.221 (talk) 06:14, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

Eight-Six's engine
First it was said that Takumi had 20 valve engine, then it as 16 valve, and after that it was  as 20 valve with the link to 16 valve engine --IO73Newser (talk) 08:36, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

 * The original AE86 engine is the 4A-GEU with 16 valves. However, it is replaced later on in the series by the fouth-generation 4A-GE engine with 20 values (normally found in the AE101). This engine has only 5hp less than the 5th-generation 4A-GE. --Klaws (talk) 13:54, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

The 20v 4AGE fitted in the series was highly modified, appearing to be a homologated race engine which would produce around 220hp. Starfireaw11 (talk) 01:44, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

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Keiichi's work as a technical supervisor
I have heard again and again how the drift king Keiichi Tsuchiya worked as a consultant for the series, but I can't find any reliable source for it (and I don't speak japanese to look at the wikipedia.jp page), so I've left a  tag in hope someone can add something. BorealSoul (talk) 20:28, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

 * I added some sources supporting his contribution to the series. It would be better to have mentioned it earlier in the article rather than in the reception section, but it will do for now. Xexerss (talk) 21:11, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you! I also found it strange to have it as the last info on the article, but I didn't want to change it because I'm not that used to edit articles yet BorealSoul (talk) 07:43, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Initial D


text:
Nicolette Bethel

Nicolette Bethel is a Bahamian teacher, writer and anthropologist. She was the Director of Culture in The Bahamas, and is now a full-time lecturer in the School of Social Sciences at the University of the Bahamas.

Education
Nicolette Bethel studied at Trinity College in the University of Toronto and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where she got a PhD in Social Anthropology in 2000.

Career
While she has published several poems and short stories, and co-written and co-produced several plays for theatres of the Bahamas, she is arguably best known as an expert for Junkanoo, a Bahamian festival at Christmas.

She is also the editor and expander of her father's book on the festival: E. Clement Bethel; Junkanoo: Festival of The Bahamas (Macmillan Caribbean, 1992, ISBN 0-333-55469-8).

"We The People" and Bethel's patriotism
First established on November 16, 2010, "We The People" is a non-profit organization led by Ed Fields and a group of people from The Bahamas commonly known as the "First Thirty". The main incentive of this organization is to create positive change and improvement in The Bahamas. Becoming a member of "We The People" is simple as it is "open to students, academia, business professionals, retired public officials, other institutions and associations, the general public, and anyone who loves The Bahamas". Bethel's love for The Bahamas and patriotism made "We The People" an appealing way for her to help support and create change in her country.

Bethel is a part of "We The People's" "First Thirty". Her strong belief in the idea that the Bahamians can work together to create a major change without the help of external powers drove her to join and be a main contributor, and leader, for "We The People. Bethel firmly believes that due to the size of The Bahamas, creating change can be achieved "in the blink of an eye". Along with the other 29 members comprising the "First Thirty", Bethel aims to eradicate all the negative aspects of life in The Bahamas in order to create a stable and harmonious living society.

title: Nicolette Bethel


text: Talk:Pope Joan

title: Talk:Pope Joan


text:
Duelling pistol

A duelling pistol is a type of pistol that was manufactured in matching pairs to be used in a duel, when duels were customary. Duelling pistols are often single-shot flintlock or percussion black-powder pistols which fire a lead ball. Not all fine, antique pairs of pistols are duelling pistols, though they may be called so.

Design
Until the mid-18th century, duels were typically fought with swords. In London, the first recorded pistol duel was in 1711, but the use of pistols was unusual until the 1760s. Thereafter they quickly took over, and after 1785 it was rare for a sword duel to be fought in London. From about 1770 onwards, gunsmiths were producing pistols expressly made for duelling.

Unless precisely tuned, standard flintlock pistols can have a noticeable delay between pulling the trigger and actually firing the projectile. Purpose-built duelling pistols have various improvements to make them more reliable and accurate.

Duelling pistols have long and heavy barrels—the added weight helps steady aim and reduce recoil. The barrels on earlier guns were cylindrical, while later ones tended to be octagonal. The barrels were given a blued or browned finish to reduce glare. Spurs on the trigger guards began appearing after around 1805 to provide a rest for the middle finger to improve the shooter's grip. Other features were saw handles, platinum-lined touch-holes and hair triggers. Reliability was important because if a duellist's pistol failed to fire, he was considered to have taken his shot and was not permitted to re-cock the pistol and try again.

All component parts were manufactured, hand-finished, and then adjusted with great care and precision, which made duelling pistols much more costly than standard firearms of the period. Special care was taken when moulding the lead bullets to ensure that there were no voids which would affect accuracy. In some duels, the pistols were carefully and identically loaded, and each duellist was offered his choice of the indistinguishable loaded pistols. Although sometimes the duellists would use their own pistols so the weapons would be different.

As duels were generally fought at short distances which were paced out, typically 35 to 45 ft, between stationary opponents, extreme accuracy was not required.

Duelling pistols had long barrels – typically around 10 in, and fired large, heavy bullets. Pistols with calibers of 0.45 in, 0.52 in, 0.58 in or even 0.65 in were common. The bullets loaded in them could weigh 214 gr in .52 caliber, or more in larger calibers. Injuries from such bullets, coupled with the primitive state of emergency medicine at the time when duels were commonplace, meant that pistol duels frequently resulted in fatalities, often some hours or days afterwards.

Most English pistols had smooth bores, though some had scratch rifling, a subtle form of rifling which was difficult to see with the naked eye. Pistols with rifled barrels spin-stabilize the shot when it is fired, resulting in much improved accuracy. As a result, duelling pistols with rifled barrels were considered unsporting by many, although there was no unfairness so long as the pistols were identical. The rifling either consisted of a large number of very shallow groves known as scratch rifling or rifling that stopped short of the end of the pistol known as French rifling. For some in the eighteenth century, duelling with less-accurate, smooth-bore weapons was preferred as they viewed it as allowing the judgement of God to take a role in deciding the outcome of the encounter.

In continental Europe, the use of smooth-bored pistols was considered cowardly, and rifled pistols were the norm. The short range most duels took place at, combined with the accuracy of rifled pistols meant their use substantially increased the chances of a fatality during a duel. A pair of rifled pistols often included a small hammer or mallet as an accessory; they used slightly oversized bullets and a hammer was needed to drive the bullet down the barrel when loading.

Pairs of duelling pistols can be easily confused with holster pistols and travelling pistols. These types are similar to duelling pistols in that they were muzzle-loading weapons that were sometimes expensively made and sold in matched, cased pairs with a set of accessories. Travelling pistols, also known as overcoat pistols, were intended for use by travellers to protect themselves from highwaymen and footpads; unlike duelling pistols, they were commonly rifled. Holster pistols, or horse pistols were used on horseback and carried in pairs in a leather holster slung across a horse's saddle. Although best suited for military use, they were often owned by civilians. Although their purpose was combat or self-defense, holster pistols were used on occasion to fight duels.

Use
It is often stated that duelling pistols came in identical pairs to put each duellist on an equal footing. However, it was acceptable for duels to be fought with different pistols and for each duellist to use their own pair, so they could use weapons they were familiar with. Two pairs of pistols allowed for a second exchange of shots if both missed and the challenger of the duel was intent on continuing. When a duel was fought with a single pair of pistols it was because neither duellist owned their own and the pistols were supplied by a third party.

There were various forms of pistol duel. In Britain, the favoured type was for the duellists to stand still at an agreed distance and shoot when given the signal. The rules of the "French method" of duelling required the duellists to begin back-to-back, walk a set number of paces before turning and firing.

A further type of duel, known as a barrier duel or a duel à volonté (at pleasure), had the duellists walk towards each other. As the distance closed they could fire at will. But if the first to fire missed, he was required to stand still and wait for his opponent's shot. In 1837, Alexander Pushkin was fatally wounded while fighting this form of duel. The famous fictional duel between Pierre and Dolokhov in the novel War and Peace was also of this kind. For an eye-witness account of such a duel see Reynolds (1839).

Sport duelling pistols
During the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, duelling became a sport in which shooters fired at each other using non-lethal rounds. These consisted of wax bullets in a cartridge without any powder charge; the bullet was propelled only by the explosion of the cartridge's primer. Participants wore heavy, protective clothing and a metal helmet, similar to a fencing mask but with an eye-screen of thick glass. Pistol dueling was an associate (non-medal) event at the 1906 and 1908 Olympic games (see Olympic dueling).

The Fauré Le Page company of France made special pistols for sport duelling. These were break action, single-shot weapons that were fitted with a shield in front of the trigger, to protect the hand holding the pistol.

Manufacturers
The use of pistols in duels became popular in the United Kingdom, France, and colonial America during the mid-eighteenth century. Initially standard holster or travelling pistols were mainly used, but by the end of the century special-purpose duelling pistols were being made by craftsmen in England, France, Germany, Austria, and the United States.

The most famous and innovative manufacturers were London-based companies such as Wogdon & Barton, Durs Egg, Manton, Mortimer, Nock, and Purdey. The name Wogden in particular became associated with duelling pistols, to the extent that a duel was sometimes referred to by lawyers as a "Wogden Case".

Pairs of duelling pistols were often supplied in compartmentalised wooden cases along with a powder flask, rods for cleaning and loading, spare flints, spanners and other tools, and a bullet mould.

title: Duelling pistol


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 6

 * 648 BC - Earliest solar eclipse recorded by the Ancient Greeks.
 * 1320 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
 * 1652 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp at the Cape of Good Hope, which will eventually develop into Cape Town.
 * 1782 - Rama I succeeds King Taksin of Thailand, who was overthrown in a coup d'etat.
 * 1832 - The Black Hawk War begins.
 * 1841 - John Tyler is inaugurated as the 10th President of the United States.
 * 1862 - American Civil War: In Tennessee. the Battle of Shiloh begins.
 * 1895 - Oscar Wilde is arrested after losing a libel case against the John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry.
 * 1896 - Opening of the first modern Olympic Games.
 * 1909 - Robert Peary allegedly reaches the North Pole.
 * 1917 - World War I: United States declares war on Germany (see Wikiquote).
 * 1930 - Hostess Twinkies are invented.
 * 1931 - Little Orphan Annie debuts on the Blue Network of NBC.
 * 1941 - World War II: Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece.
 * 1973 - Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
 * 1974 - The California Jam Rock concert begins.
 * 1979 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
 * 1987 - Sugar Ray Leonard takes the middleweight boxing title from Marvin Hagler.
 * 1994 - The genocide in Rwanda officially begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down by extremists.
 * 1998 - Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting India.

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:45, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) (maintenance); Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira (maintenance);
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Grand Army of the Republic
 * New articles (unused): 1580 Dover Straits earthquake; John Jacob Astor; April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada
 * Omitted: Battle of Block Island; Committee of Public Safety; Vancouver; Battle of Greece/Invasion of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia ineligible—maintenance); 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
 * Included: Battle of Fariskur (first appearance); Declaration of Arbroath (3rd appearance, last in 2005; rescued from Ineligible); Siege of Badajoz (1812) (first appearance); Tony Award (2nd appearance, last in 2010); 2008 Egyptian general strike (first appearance)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:06, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints); Battle of Greece/Invasion of Yugoslavia
 * Omitted: Battle of Fariskur; Declaration of Arbroath; Siege of Badajoz (1812); Tony Award; 2008 Egyptian general strike
 * Included: Cape Town (5th appearance, last in 2010); Committee of Public Safety (2nd appearance, last in 2011); John Jacob Astor (first appearance); Salt Lake Temple (first appearance); April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada (first appearance)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:57, 5 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Battle of Greece (TFA for 2014)
 * Omitted: Cape Town; Committee of Public Safety; John Jacob Astor; Salt Lake Temple; April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada
 * Included: 1580 Dover Straits earthquake (first appearance); Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) (6th appearance, last in 2010); 1896 Summer Olympics (7th appearance, last in 2010); Tony Award (3rd appearance, last in 2012); 2008 Egyptian general strike (2nd appearance, last in 2012)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:16, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: John Jacob Astor (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Battle of Greece/Invasion of Yugoslavia
 * New articles (unused): Azawadi declaration of independence
 * Omitted: 1580 Dover Straits earthquake; Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints); 1896 Summer Olympics; Tony Award; 2008 Egyptian general strike
 * Included: Cape Town (6th appearance, last in 2013); Committee of Public Safety (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Battle of Slater's Knoll (first appearance; 70th anniversary); 1979 Nepalese student protests (first appearance); Rolandas Paksas (first appearance)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:39, 4 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): John Jacob Astor; Robert Peary
 * Omitted: Cape Town (ineligible—maintenance); Committee of Public Safety; Battle of Slater's Knoll; 1979 Nepalese student protests; Rolandas Paksas
 * Included: Declaration of Arbroath (4th appearance, last in 2012); Grand Army of the Republic (2nd appearance, last in 2004; 150th anniversary); 1896 Summer Olympics (8th appearance, last in 2014); Battle of Greece/Invasion of Yugoslavia (both: 2nd appearance, last in 2011; 75th anniversary); 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (2nd appearance, last in 2011)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:56, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Robert Peary (maintenance); Committee of Public Safety (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Declaration of Arbroath; Grand Army of the Republic; Invasion of Yugoslavia; 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
 * Included: Battle of Fariskur (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Vancouver (5th appearance, last in 2011); Tony Award (4th appearance, last in 2014); Azawadi declaration of independence (first appearance); Raphael (first appearance); Nadar (photographer) (first appearance); Rose O'Neill (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 1896 Summer Olympics (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:10, 6 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Declaration of Arbroath (maintenance); 1580 Dover Straits earthquake (maintenance); Grand Army of the Republic (maintenance); Salt Lake Temple (maintenance); 1979 Nepalese student protests (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): American entry into World War I (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Newhall incident
 * Omitted: Battle of Fariskur; 1896 Summer Olympics; Tony Award; Azawadi declaration of independence; Raphael; Nadar (photographer); Rose O'Neill
 * Included: New York Slave Revolt of 1712 (first appearance); Siege of Badajoz (1812) (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Battle of Slater's Knoll (2nd appearance, last in 2015); Jalal Talabani (first appearance); Basil of Trebizond (first appearance); James Mill (first appearance); Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Vancouver (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:50, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests (moved from April 7); Julie Ertz
 * Omitted: New York Slave Revolt of 1712; Vancouver (ineligible—maintenance); Battle of Slater's Knoll; Jalal Talabani; Basil of Trebizond; James Mill; Donald Wills Douglas Sr.
 * Included: Tartan Day (rescued from Ineligible); Battle of Pollentia (first appearance); Battle of Greece/Invasion of Yugoslavia (both: 3rd appearance, last in 2016); Newhall incident (first appearance); 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (3rd appearance, last in 2016; 10th anniversary); Arvid Horn (first appearance); Jeanne Hébuterne (first appearance); Anita Borg (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Siege of Badajoz (1812) (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 18:29, 7 April 2020 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Operation Retribution (1941) (TFA for 2020)
 * Omitted: Battle of Pollentia; Siege of Badajoz (1812); Battle of Greece; 2009 L'Aquila earthquake; Arvid Horn; Jeanne Hébuterne; Anita Borg
 * Included: New York Slave Revolt of 1712 (2nd appearance, last in 2018); 1896 Summer Olympics (10th appearance, last in 2017); Battle of Slater's Knoll (3rd appearance, last in 2018); April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada (2nd appearance, last in 2013; 10th anniversary); Raphael (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 500th birthday); Nadar (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 200th birthday); Julie Ertz (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Newhall incident (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 50th anniversary)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:50, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Operation Retribution (1941)
 * New articles (unused): Anita Pallenberg
 * Omitted: New York Slave Revolt of 1712; Battle of Slater's Knoll; Newhall incident; April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada; Raphael; Nadar; Julie Ertz
 * Included: Battle of Fariskur (3rd appearance, last in 2017); John Jacob Astor (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Battle of Greece (4th appearance, last in 2019; 80th anniversary); April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Henry Barrowe (first appearance); René Lalique (first appearance); Ng Ser Miang (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 1896 Summer Olympics (2nd consecutive appearance, 11 total; 125th anniversary)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:27, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Battle of Pollentia (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Eurovision Song Contest 1974 (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Fariskur; John Jacob Astor; 1896 Summer Olympics; Battle of Greece; April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests; Henry Barrowe; René Lalique; Ng Ser Miang
 * Included: New York Slave Revolt of 1712 (3rd appearance, last in 2020); Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) (7th appearance, last in 2014); Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira (4th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Azawadi declaration of independence (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 10th anniversary); Leonora Baroni (first appearance); Philip Henry Gosse (first appearance); Julie Ertz (2nd appearance, last in 2020; 30th birthday)


text:
Talk:Duelling pistol

Dueling/Duelling
Is "duelling" a correct spelling? The article uses "dueling". RickK 05:10, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Seconded, I'm sure it's dueling. Needs to be sorted guys, you had 5.5 years. 86.27.138.108 (talk) 10:06, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

 * "Duelling" is Commonwealth English, which is what this article uses. I've fixed the spellings. Thanks for pointing this long-term problem out. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 10:29, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

Did "Duelling Pistols" ever really exist?
Fine quality pistols were certainly sold in cased pairs with all the accoutrements. Of course, sometimes they were used for duels. But were they designed and marketed as "duelling pistols"? Surely they were just large pistols? OK, we read that they were designed with special features to make them reliable and accurate. As opposed to what? As opposed to the other pistols that weren't designed to be reliable and accurate? So if a gentleman was planning a journey, and wanted to be armed in case of highwaymen, he'd keep his 'duelling pistols' safely cased up, and go to his gunsmith to buy a pair of clumsy pistols for these non-duelling purposes? Paul J Williams (talk) 09:34, 1 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I think the term is much overused, but the hair triggers would make proper duelling pistols pretty dangerous in any normal use. Johnbod (talk) 10:44, 1 October 2015 (UTC)
 * It certainly is true that many types of muzzle-loading pistol were sold in matching pairs with the accessories needed to load and care for them. And it would be unsurprising if modern dealers labelled any such sets that survive complete as "Dueling pistols" in order to enhance their glamour and value. Catsmeat (talk) 10:48, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

Good point about the hair trigger. Seems to me that since most people would go through life without ever fighting a duel, why would anyone spend big bucks on a pair of pistols just for duelling? Although - maybe if the word got out that you owned a nice pair of duellers, and regularly shot targets with them, that would discourage anyone from challenging you, or insulting you?Paul J Williams (talk) 10:19, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Duelling pistol


text:
Pamir

Pamir may refer to:

Geographical features

 * Pamir Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia
 * Pamir-Alay, a mountain system in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir Mountains
 * A pamir (valley) is a high plateau or valley surrounded by mountains
 * Great Pamir, a high valley in the Wakhan, on the border of Afghanistan and Tajikistan
 * Little Pamir, a high valley in the Wakhan, Afghanistan
 * Taghdumbash Pamir, a high valley in the south west of Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, in Xinjiang, China
 * Pamir River, on the border of Tajikistan and Afghanistan

Other uses

 * Pamir (ship), a German sailing ship
 * Pamir Airways, based in Afghanistan
 * Pamir languages
 * Pamir Alevism (Türkistan Alevîliği), a sect of Batini-Ismailis in Turkestan

title: Pamir


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 5

 * 1242 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.
 * 1614 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe.
 * 1621 - The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth on a return trip to Great Britain.
 * 1654 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War.
 * 1792 - United States President George Washington vetos a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states. This is the first time the presidential veto has been used in the United States.
 * 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Yorktown (1862) - The battle begins when Union forces under General George McClellan close in on the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia.
 * 1930 - In an act of civil disobedience, Mohandas Gandhi breaks British law after marching to the sea and making salt.
 * 1951 - Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for performing espionage for the Soviet Union.
 * 1955 - Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing heath.
 * 1957 - In India, Communists won the first elections in united Kerala and E. M. S. Namboodiripad sworn in as the first chief minister.
 * 1973 - Pierre Messmer becomes Prime Minister of France
 * 1976 - In the People's Republic of China, the April Fifth Movement led to the Tiananmen incident
 * 1991 - ASA Embraer EMB 120 crashes in Brunswick, Georgia killing all 23 aboard.
 * 1998 - In Japan, the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge linking Shikoku with Honshū and costing cost about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world.
 * 1999 - Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am flight 103 in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.
 * 1999 - In Laramie, Wyoming, Russell Henderson pleads guilty to kidnapping and felony murder in order to avoid a possible death penalty conviction for the apparent hate crime killing of Matthew Shepard.

Today is Arbor Day in South Korea. Pls add. Thanks.
Today is Arbor Day in South Korea. Pls add. Thanks. -- 199.71.174.100 03:18, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Pls add Hansik instead. Thanks. --199.71.174.100 21:35, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

add Super Sentai first episode
Can you add the first episode of Gorenger, which started Super Sentai, pls add. 174.117.253.250 (talk) 00:50, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Himitsu Sentai Gorenger has a big fat maintenance box at the top of the article, so that's out. As for Super Sentai, we just had Kamen Rider Series, so there's no way we're going to have two tokusatsu articles appearing on the Main Page so close each other. Besides, that article needs more references as well. — howcheng  {chat} 03:53, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

We could select this next year 174.117.253.250 (talk) 19:51, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, we could. Please make sure the articles are improved by then. Thanks. — howcheng  {chat} 20:40, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:24, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Easter Island; Birkenhead Park; Akashi Kaikyō Bridge; Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
 * Included: Alexios I Komnenos (first appearance); Easter Sunday Raid (first appearance); Siege of Sarajevo (3rd appearance, last in 2010); Upper Big Branch Mine disaster (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Compromise of Nobles (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 01:11, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Winston Churchill (moved to April 7)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Easter Island (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Compromise of Nobles; Easter Sunday Raid; Siege of Sarajevo; Upper Big Branch Mine disaster
 * Included: Invasion of Ryukyu (first appearance); Birkenhead Park (4th appearance, last in 2011); Linear B (first appearance); Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 (2nd appearance, last in 2011)
 * Repeats: Alexios I Komnenos (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:15, 4 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Alexios I Komnenos; Invasion of Ryukyu; Birkenhead Park; Linear B (ineligible—maintenance); Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
 * Included: Compromise of Nobles (3rd appearance, last in 2012); Easter Island (2nd appearance, last in 2011; rescued from Ineligible); Siege of Yorktown (1862) (3rd appearance, last in 2010); Ripple Rock (first appearance); Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (7th appearance, last in 2011)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 10:25, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak
 * Omitted: Compromise of Nobles; Siege of Yorktown (1862); Ripple Rock; Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
 * Included: Invasion of Ryukyu (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Birkenhead Park (5th appearance, last in 2013); Easter Sunday Raid (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Siege of Sarajevo (4th appearance, last in 2012)
 * Repeats: Easter Island (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:55, 4 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Invasion of Ryukyu; Easter Island; Easter Sunday Raid; Siege of Sarajevo
 * Included: Alexios I Komnenos (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Compromise of Nobles (4th appearance, last in 2014); 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak (3rd appearance, last in 2006; 80th anniversary); Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 (3rd appearance, last in 2013)
 * Repeats: Birkenhead Park (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

Saul Bellow and Thomas Hobbes
I've removed both these suggestions from the born/died this day section as neither seem to be at main-page standard on referencing. There are whole paragraphs in both articles which lack citations. MurielMary (talk) 10:31, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:27, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Invasion of Ryukyu (maintenance); Easter Island (maintenance); Easter Sunday Raid (maintenance); Ripple Rock (maintenance); Siege of Sarajevo (maintenance); Upper Big Branch Mine disaster (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Compromise of Nobles; Birkenhead Park (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Pocahontas (2nd appearance, last in 2010); Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (8th appearance, last in 2014); Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet (first appearance); Marie-Rosalie Cadron-Jetté (first appearance); Stella Creasy (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Alexios I Komnenos (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total); 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total); Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:10, 5 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Siege of Yorktown (1862) (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Pocahontas; Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2; Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet; Marie-Rosalie Cadron-Jetté; Stella Creasy
 * Included: Cold Food Festival (rescued from Ineligible); Statute of Anne (4th appearance, last in 2016; moved from April 10 because there are almost no eligible articles on this date); 1986 West Berlin discotheque bombing (first appearance); Al-Mu'tadid (first appearance); Thure de Thulstrup (first appearance); Olek (artist) (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Alexios I Komnenos (3rd consecutive appearance, 5 total); 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak (3rd consecutive appearance, 5 total); Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total; 20th anniversary)

Hansik error
The entry for Hansik erroneously suggests that it is exclusive to the Republic of Korea - it is in fact celebrated accross the Vietnam, China, and the two Koreas. BrxBrx(talk)(please reply with BrxBrx ) 01:38, 5 April 2019 (UTC)
 * In China, it was replaced by the Qingming Festival, and in Vietnam, it's on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month. April 5 is specific to Korea. — howcheng  {chat} 15:57, 5 April 2019 (UTC)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:55, 5 April 2019 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Second Fatimid invasion of Egypt (appeared on DYK on March 2, 2019)
 * Omitted: Vincent Ferrer (ineligible—maintenance); Alexios I Komnenos; 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak; Akashi Kaikyō Bridge; Al-Mu'tadid; Thure de Thulstrup; Olek (artist)
 * Included: Pocahontas (3rd appearance, last in 2017); 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence (first appearance); Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 (5th appearance, last in 2017; 10th anniversary); Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (first appearance); María Blanchard (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Statute of Anne (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total); 1986 West Berlin discotheque bombing (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:06, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Pocahontas; Statute of Anne; 1986 West Berlin discotheque bombing; Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2; Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet; Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine; María Blanchard
 * Included: Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Birkenhead Park (7th appearance, last in 2016; rescued from Ineligible); 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak (6th appearance, last in 2018); Tiananmen Incident (4th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); José María Coppinger (first appearance); Stephan Gip (first appearance); Kurt Cobain (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 20th anniversary)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 02:48, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Siegfried Lederer's escape from Auschwitz (TFA for 2021)
 * Omitted: Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921); Birkenhead Park; Tiananmen Incident; 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence; José María Coppinger; Stephan Gip; Kurt Cobain
 * Included: Statute of Anne (6th appearance, last in 2019); Buddhist Uprising (first appearance); Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (10th appearance, last in 2018); Ivan Kőszegi (first appearance); Henry Havelock (first appearance); Julio Ángel Fernández (first appearance; 75th birthday)
 * Repeats: 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total)

2022 notes
"The Libyan secret service bombed a discotheque in West Berlin, resulting in three deaths and 229 others injured."

This is alleged and has never been proven, and this is even alluded to in the article on the topic itself:

"Libya was accused by the US government of sponsoring the bombing, and US President Ronald Reagan ordered retaliatory strikes on Tripoli and Benghazi in Libya ten days later. The operation was widely seen as an attempt to kill Colonel Muammar Gaddafi.[4] However, in the bombing's aftermath, this claim was met with widespread skepticism. In 1987, Manfred Ganschow, the head of the West German team investigating the bombing, said that there was no evidence pointing the finger at Libya, a belief which was corroborated by numerous intelligence agencies in Europe at the time, according to a BBC report.[5]: 81  In 2001, following a four-year German trial called murky,[2] and marred by what the court called a "limited willingness" by the American and German governments to share evidence,[2][1] a court found that the bombing had been "planned by the Libyan Intelligence Service and the Libyan embassy",[1] but absolved Gaddafi of responsibility.[2][1][6]"

This seems *waaay* to nuanced to be included on the Main Page as it currently stands. PeaceThruPramana26 (talk) 09:01, 5 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Would you mind rewriting the blurb to something more acceptable? Thanks. — howcheng  {chat} 07:32, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

"A West Berlin discotheque is bombed in a terrorist attack, resulting in three deaths and 229 others injured; The United States alleges the Libyan Government is behind the incident"

Short of any objections, I think the language on this one is far more neutral and reflects both the content of the article and the reality of the situation far more at hand; Perhaps the wording 'terrorist attack' might be controversial, but I cannot see how anyone would dispute that this bombing was anything but. PeaceThruPramana26 (talk) 04:52, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:31, 6 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Upper Big Branch Mine disaster
 * New articles (unused): Al-Nuwayri
 * Omitted: Statute of Anne; 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak; Buddhist Uprising; Akashi Kaikyo Bridge; Ivan Kőszegi; Henry Havelock; Julio Ángel Fernández
 * Included: Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) (2nd appearance, last in 2020); Pocahontas (4th appearance, last in 2019); 1902 Ibrox disaster (first appearance); Siegfried Lederer's escape from Auschwitz (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); West Berlin discotheque bombing (3rd appearance, last in 2019); Jules Cambon (first appearance); María Blanchard (2nd appearance, last in 2019; 90th anniversary); Jim Marshall (businessman) (first appearance; 10th anniversary)


text:
Carpentras

Carpentras (, formerly ; Provençal Occitan: Carpentràs in classical norm or Carpentras in Mistralian norm; Carpentoracte) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

As capital of the Comtat Venaissin, it was frequently the residence of the Avignon popes; the Papal States retained possession of the Venaissin until the French Revolution. Nowadays, Carpentras is a commercial center for Comtat Venaissin and is famous for the black truffle markets held from winter to early spring.

Carpentras briefly held France's all-time high-temperature record, during the heatwave of June 2019.

Classical antiquity

Carpentras was a commercial site used by Greek merchants in ancient times, and known to Romans at first as Carpentoracte Meminorum, mentioned by Pliny, then renamed Forum Neronis ("Forum of Nero"); the city retains an impressive Roman triumphal arch, that has been enclosed by the bishops' palace, rebuilt in 1640, now a law court, and a machicolated city gate, the Porte d'Orange.

Ancient Diocese of Carpentras
For the history of the bishopric of Carpentras, see Ancient Diocese of Carpentras.

Middle Ages
At the beginning of the Avignon Papacy, Pope Clement V took up residence, along with the Roman Curia, in Carpentras in 1313. His successor, Pope John XXII, settled definitively at Avignon.

Municipal library
Joseph-Dominique d'Inguimbert, Bishop of Carpentras from 1735 to 1754, established a great scholarly library which Jean-François Delmas, the chief librarian as of 2009, has called "the oldest of our municipal libraries"; known as the Bibliothèque Inguimbertine and now holding around 140,000 books, it is known to bibliophiles all over France and is scheduled to move into roomier quarters in the former Hôtel-Dieu in 2013.

French Revolution and return to France
Until 1791, Carpentras was part of the Papal States, not of the Kingdom of France.

Like most communities across France, Carpentras played a role in the 1789-1799 French Revolution, particularly during the rule of the French Directory. After the 'Anti-Royalist' September 4, 1797 Coup of 18 Fructidor, on October 22, 1797, counter-revolutionaries take the city's government and hold it in protest for 24 hours.

Jewish community
Into the 20th and 21st centuries, Carpentras has been an important centre of French Judaism and is home to the oldest synagogue in France, which opened in 1367 and is still active today. The Jewish cemetery was desecrated by members of the French and European Nationalist Party in May 1990, causing a public uproar and a demonstration in Paris that was attended by 200,000 people, including then-president François Mitterrand.

Geography
Carpentras stands on the banks of the river Auzon, a tributary of the Sorgue. It is 23 km southwest of Mont Ventoux, and 23 km northeast of Avignon. Carpentras station has rail connections to Sorgues and Avignon.

Climate
In the Köppen climate classification, Carpentras has a borderline humid subtropical (Cfa), and hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa) with cool winters and hot summers. The rainiest seasons are spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October), where heavy downpours may happen.

Economy

 * Roux Graineterie of Carpentras

Traditions
Carpentras is famous for the Truffle market that takes place every Friday morning during the winter months.

Its traditional confectionery is the berlingot, a small hard candy with thin white stripes, originally made from the syrup left over from conservation of fruits.

Personalities
Carpentras was the birthplace of (chronologically):
 * Carpentras (also known as Elzéar Genet) (c.1470–1548), prominent early Renaissance composer
 * Hercule Audiffret (1603–1659), orator and Superior General of the Congrégation des Doctrinaires
 * Louis Archimbaud (1705–1789), composer and organist of Carpentras Cathedral
 * Joseph Duplessis (1725–1802), portraitist
 * Jean-Pierre-Xavier Bidauld (1743–1813), painter
 * Jean-Joseph-Xavier Bidauld (1758–1846), painter
 * Alexis-Vincent-Charles Berbiguier de Terre-Neuve du Thym, (1765–1851), author and demonologist
 * Victor Olivier de Puymanel (1768–1799), French Navy volunteer, and adventurer in Vietnam
 * François-Vincent Raspail (1794–1878), chemist, physiologist, and socialist
 * Jean-Joseph Bonaventure Laurens (1801–1890), painter, lithographer, musician
 * Édouard Daladier (1884–1970) politician and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War
 * Daniel Lazard (1941–), computer scientist
 * Bruno Boscherie (1950–), fencer, Olympic Gold medalist
 * Christophe Maé (1975–), musician and composer
 * Éric Salignon (1982–), racing driver
 * Thomas Mangani (1987–), professional footballer
 * Raphaël Cacérès (1987–), professional footballer

International relations
Carpentras is twinned with:
 * Vevey, Switzerland
 * 🇩🇪 Seesen, Germany
 * 🇺🇸 Ponchatoula, Louisiana, USA
 * 🇮🇹 Camaiore, Italy

title: Carpentras


text:
Talk:Tim Skold

Templates?
Why put a template at the bottom for Marilyn Manson, but not KMFDM or Shotgun Messiah?

haven't had time yet to finish filling in his KMFDM discography - need to check the liner notes in the albums themselves. Crackshoe 05:19, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Questionable reversion of edits
Without altering the general information in this article, I cleaned up the numerous grammatical, phrasing, and chronology problems to give this version. My edit was reverted a couple days later. Why, might I ask? I don't believe I falsified any of the information of the previous edit. --buck 13:26, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Name?
What's his stage name derived from? It should be mentioned in the article.Ohyeahmormons 21:21, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

it's Thim Skold. Well there's what looks like a sideways : (colon?) on top of the o in skold. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.106.252.177 (talk) 23:46, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Tim Sköld is his actual name. Closest approximation of Swedish pronounciation would probably be "Tim Skaold". 85.229.136.83 (talk) 08:05, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

To clarify: Swedish surnames are usually derived from either natural phenomena ("Anders Bergmark" being literally "Anders Mountainland") or from the names people where given when they where alloted a house and some farmland from joining the military in the olden days - leading to people literally being named "gunpowder", "weapon", or in Tim Skölds case, "Tim Shield". 85.229.136.83 (talk) 08:11, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

Although i have a COI, i have begun doing the singular task of changing  to the preferred  ; this should not fall under COI cautions as it 'factual' in nature. Quaeler (talk) 00:06, 19 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I have completed these changes and will rename the page on or after 22 November 2021 00.00 UTC. Quaeler (talk) 17:01, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

New Manson album?
I thought Brian Warner had quit music to conecntrate on his art, so how could there possibly be another Marilyn Manson album in the can?

The 'focus on art' story was a 'smokescreen' as Manson put it, so people were distracted for a while, thinking he quit, and was no longer up to scratch. The new album was recorded months and months ago.

Remember Single
Anyone have any info on this? I've wondered across mention of it sporadically here and there, but never anything in detail. Is it a legit release or just vapor? And if it is a legit release shouldn't it be added to the discography along with the Neverland EP? --SlothJosh 03:29, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Article Rewrite
I wanted to extend a huge thanks to Cjlawrence89 for doing such a wonderful job on the rewrite for this article. It actually has some decent content in it now. Keep up the great work everyone. Skold deserved this.–m.f (t • c) 09:24, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * ..but don't delete useful photos..OK? -- TheFE ARgod (Ч) 21:13, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Minor detail
Where did the information come from that Skold is 5'10"? I met him on the Ohgr tour in 2001 and was surprised to see that he was about the same height as me, maybe just a bit taller, and I'm 5'6". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.44.161.138 (talk) 20:10, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Why'd he leave Manson?
In the article it just says he left and Twiggy came back, and I think on other articles on Wiki I've seen it said he left because Twiggy came back, but Twiggy came back and played bass, while Skold was at the time playing guitar. Seems that Rob Holiday would've been the one replaced instead. Not saying the article's wrong, but anyone know more specifics? KearF (talk) 15:58, 19 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Here are two interviews from 2009 that might have more info:
 * Left of the Dial Magazine
 * Vampire Freaks
 * I remember reading somewhere in an interview with Sascha Konietzko of KMFDM that he supposedly called up Tim and "congratulated" him when he left MM. Torchiest talk/contribs 16:23, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

Multiple sources
Do we really need SIX different sources stating that Skold formed DMTMC? I think one (I'd say the Blabbermouth article) is plenty. It's not like this is a contentious statement, requiring multiple confirmations. Instead of adding a million sources for that, it would be more helpful to have more sources added to the rest of the article, supporting the unsupported claims throughout. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 00:21, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
 * One source was their myspace page, so I pulled that. I also moved the official site to external links.  I'd personally prefer using the sideline news source, since the blabbermouth one is at roadrunner records, but it doesn't really much matter to me. —Torchiest talkedits 02:57, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by "the blabbermouth one is at roadrunner records"? How does that in any way mean anything? MrMoustacheMM (talk) 01:13, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I thought it was a sub-page of the record label, not an actual news provider. Also, this makes me question its reliability. —Torchiest talkedits 03:04, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Check out WP:RSN, any time it gets brought up it's considered a reliable source. The submissions are still looked over by the editorial staff (submitting something doesn't automatically add it to the site or anything). It's been used countless times all over Wikipedia, including on Featured Articles, so its use here is OK. I'm gonna delete the non-BM refs, as it's overkill for this article. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 01:20, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Tim Sköld. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080626233510/http://www.timskoldsexiestblonde.com:80/equipment.html to http://www.timskoldsexiestblonde.com/equipment.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:04, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tim Skold


text:
Rimbach-près-Masevaux

Rimbach-près-Masevaux (Rimbach bei Masmünster; variant form of name: Rimpach) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Villages, hamlets and quarters in the commune: Basse Bers (Niederebersche, Unterbers, Untere Bers), Ermensbach (Armspach, Ermenspach, Ermerspach, Ermspach), Grossenberg (Grosberg), Haute Bers (Oberenbers), Horben (Horb), Johannesberg (Johannisberg, Sankt Johannisberg), Langmatt (Langmatte), Neuerbet (Neu Arbet, Neu Erbet), Riedelsbourg (Riedelsburg), Riesenwald, Ruchberg

title: Rimbach-près-Masevaux


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/April 4

 * 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
 * 1814 - Napoleon abdicates for the first time.
 * 1818 - The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States as having 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 stars) with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the Union.
 * 1841 - President William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia becoming the first President of the United States to die in office and at one month, the elected president with the shortest term served.
 * 1850 - Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
 * 1887 - Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna Medora Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
 * 1905 - In India, an earthquake near Kangra, kills 370,000.
 * 1939 - Faisal II becomes King of Iraq.
 * 1945 - World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf death camp in Germany.
 * 1949 - Twelve nations sign The North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
 * 1964 - The Beatles occupy all of the top 5 positions on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart in the United States (the only time it ever happened).
 * 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated.
 * 1968  - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6.
 * 1969 - Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
 * 1975 - A United States Air Force C-5A Galaxy crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, transportnig orphans. 172 people are killed.
 * 1976 - Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest.
 * 1979 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
 * 1983 - Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space.
 * 1984 - President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
 * 1991 - Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collided with their plane over Merion, Pennsylvania.

Children's Day in Hong Kong
According to this article, the day is also celebrated in Hong Kong.

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:04, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Alexios I Komnenos (moved to April 5—wrong date)
 * New articles (unused): Battle of Kassel (1945)
 * Omitted: Dixie (song); NATO; Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.; Angolan Civil War
 * Included: William Henry Harrison (first appearance); Artificial heart (3rd appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible); Microsoft (3rd appearance, last in 2010); Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (6th appearance, last in 2008)
 * Repeats: Declaration of Breda (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total)
 * Addendum: Angolan Civil War added later for balance. — howcheng  {chat} 03:49, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:42, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Hanoi Taxi
 * Omitted: Declaration of Breda; William Henry Harrison; Artificial heart; Microsoft; Zulfikar Ali Bhutto; Angolan Civil War
 * Included: Wareru (first appearance); The Kennel Club (first appearance); NATO (10th appearance, last in 2011); World Trade Center (first appearance; 40th anniversary); Evan Mecham (first appearance; 25th anniversary)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 09:32, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Los Angeles (featured on September 4)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Microsoft (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Wareru; The Kennel Club; NATO; World Trade Center; Evan Mecham
 * Included: Circus (6th appearance, last in 2011; moved from January 9); Georges Cuvier (first appearance); Dixie (song) (3rd appearance, last in 2011); Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (5th appearance, last in 2011); Flag of Hong Kong (first appearance)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:40, 2 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Circus; Georges Cuvier; Dixie (song); Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
 * Included: Declaration of Breda (3rd appearance, last in 2012); Napoleon II (first appearance); William Henry Harrison (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Battle of Kassel (1945) (first appearance; 70th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Flag of Hong Kong (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 25th anniversary)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:11, 2 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Circus (maintenance); Dixie (song) (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Children's Day (ineligible—maintenance); Declaration of Breda; Napoleon II; William Henry Harrison; Battle of Kassel (1945); Flag of Hong Kong
 * Included: Georges Cuvier (2nd appearance, last in 2014); The Kennel Club (2nd appearance, last in 2013); NATO (11th appearance, last in 2013); Norodom Sihanouk (5th appearance, last in 2008; 40th anniversary; rescued from Ineligible); Angolan Civil War (3rd appearance, last in 2012)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:48, 4 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Declaration of Breda (maintenance); Napoleon II (maintenance); Battle of Kassel (1945) (maintenance); Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Senegal (ineligible—maintenance); Georges Cuvier (ineligible—maintenance); The Kennel Club (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: William Henry Harrison (3rd appearance, last in 2015); World Trade Center (1973–2001) (first appearance; blurb previously featured World Trade Center and is making its 2nd appearance, last in 2013); Liu Yin (Southern Han) (first appearance); Robert III of Scotland (first appearance); Jonathan Agnew (first appearance)
 * Repeats: NATO (2nd consecutive appearance, 12 total); Norodom Sihanouk (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total); Angolan Civil War (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2018 date
— howcheng  {chat} 03:23, 4 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Wareru (moved to January 30)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Artificial heart (maintenance)
 * Omitted: William Henry Harrison; NATO; World Trade Center (1973–2001); Norodom Sihanouk (moved to April 2); Angolan Civil War; Liu Yin (Southern Han); Robert III of Scotland; Jonathan Agnew
 * Included: Dixie (song) (4th appearance, last in 2014; rescued from Ineligible); Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (4th appearance, last in 2014; 50th anniversary); Evan Mecham (2nd appearance, last in 2013; 30th anniversary); Flag of Hong Kong (3rd appearance, last in 2015); 2013 Thane building collapse (first appearance); William Strachey (first appearance); Maya Angelou (first appearance); Karen Spärck Jones (first appearance)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:42, 4 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Microsoft
 * Omitted: Dixie (song); Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.; Evan Mecham; Flag of Hong Kong; William Strachey; Maya Angelou; Karen Spärck Jones
 * Included: Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268 (first appearance); William Henry Harrison (2nd appearance, last in 2017); NATO (13th appearance, last in 2017; 70th anniversary); Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours (first appearance); Philippa Fawcett (first appearance); Xu Lai (actress) (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 2013 Thane building collapse (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 21:04, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Flag of Hong Kong (maintenance)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Robert III of Scotland
 * Omitted: Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268; William Henry Harrison; 2013 Thane building collapse; Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours; Philippa Fawcett; Xu Lai (actress)
 * Included: University of Basel (first appearance); Robert Walpole (5th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); 1975 Tân Sơn Nhứt C-5 accident (first appearance); Angolan Civil War (5th appearance, last in 2017); Elena Glinskaya (first appearance); Maurice de Vlaminck (first appearance); Jonathan Agnew (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 60th birthday)
 * Repeats: NATO (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:26, 6 April 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Alexios I Komnenos (moved from April 5)
 * Omitted: University of Basel; Robert Walpole; NATO; 1975 Tân Sơn Nhứt C-5 accident; Angolan Civil War; Elena Glinskaya; Maurice de Vlaminck; Jonathan Agnew
 * Included: Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268 (2nd appearance, last in 2019); William Henry Harrison (5th appearance, last in 2019); Dixie (song) (5th appearance, last in 2018); Microsoft (4th appearance, last in 2012); 2013 Thane building collapse (3rd appearance, last in 2019); Robert III of Scotland (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours (2nd appearance, last in 2019); Karen Spärck Jones (2nd appearance, last in 2018)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:38, 5 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Deleted: Robert Walpole (moved to April 3)
 * New articles (ineligible): Martin Rundkvist (TFA for 2022)
 * New articles (unused): Roger Ebert
 * Omitted: Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268; William Henry Harrison; Dixie (song); Microsoft; 2013 Thane building collapse; Robert III of Scotland; Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours; Karen Spärck Jones
 * Included: Dmitry Karakozov (first appearance); The Kennel Club (3rd appearance, last in 2016; rescued from Ineligible); 1905 Kangra earthquake (first appearance); NATO (15th appearance, last in 2020); Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (7th appearance, last in 2018); William Strachey (2nd appearance, last in 2018; 450th birthday); Pierre Monteux (first appearance); Isaac K. Funk (first appearance)

1974 Super Outbreak must be mentioned in 2024
For the 2024 anniversaries, the 1974 Super Outbreak needs to be mentioned as it is the 50th anniversary of the worst tornado outbreak in history. Anniversary news articles are already coming out days before the anniversary. The Weather Event Writer (Talk Page) 19:47, 30 March 2024 (UTC)


text:
Itadaki Street

Itadaki Street (いただきストリート) is a party video game series originally created by Dragon Quest designer Yuji Horii. It is currently owned by Square Enix. The first game was released in Japan on Nintendo's Famicom console in 1991. Since then, new installments in the series have been released for the Super Famicom, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, Mobile Phones, Android, iOS, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita. The series was exclusive to Japan prior to the 2011 Itadaki Street Wii, which is released as Fortune Street in North America and Boom Street in Europe.

Development
In a 1989 interview, Horii stated he was working on a board game with former Famitsu editor Yoshimitsu Shiozaki and that working in a "completely different genre" to the Dragon Quest games was worthwhile. While creating the first stage, a play test revealed the board was really hard, so a practice stage was constructed and was also too difficult, leading to stage one eventually becoming stage four. The game was later incorporated into remakes of Dragon Quest III as a new minigame. In 2011, game creator Yuji Horii stated he had considered bringing Itadaki Street to international audiences.

Common elements
The games are similar to Monopoly: players roll one dice to advance around a board, purchase unowned property they land on and earn money when opponents land on the player's property, and draw cards when they land on certain spaces. The games differ from Monopoly in that players can buy and sell stocks of a block, affecting the value of the block's stock by buying or selling that block's stock or by developing a player-owned property of that block which increases the value per share of stock for that block. It is not necessary to own the entire block to develop a property, though controlling more than one property of a block allows the player to develop their properties to larger buildings and collect more from opponents. Players must collect a set of four suits to level up and collect additional gold when they pass the starting position/bank. In most versions, up to four players can compete to win each board. To win, a player must make it back to the bank with the board's required amount, which includes the total value of the player's stocks, property value, and gold on hand. Minigames and a stock market for more experienced players are also featured.

Reception
IGN gave Fortune Street, the series' first English localization in North America, a "Good" rating for its deep board game gameplay but saying it could have been more interactive. Siliconera noted that the introduction of established franchise characters from Final Fantasy, Dragon Quest, and the Mario games' has greatly increased the games popularity and mindshare. Fortune Street, the series' first international release, was greeted with mixed reviews, praising the character selection and deep gameplay, but slighting its lengthy time commitment.

A screenshot from Fortune Street showing Yoshi wishing to be tax exempt briefly circulated online as part of a larger series of Internet memes involving Yoshi committing tax fraud.

title: Itadaki Street


text:
Corunna (disambiguation)

Corunna is the traditional English name of the city of A Coruña in Spain and the surrounding province of A Coruña.

Corunna may also refer to:

Battles

 * Battle of Corunna, fought near Corunna in 1809
 * First Battle of the Corunna Road, fought near Madrid in 1936
 * Second Battle of the Corunna Road, 1936–37
 * Third Battle of the Corunna Road, 1937

Australia

 * Corunna, New South Wales, a small town and rural locality in Eurobodalla Shire, New South Wales
 * Corunna Station, a pastoral lease in South Australia

United States

 * Corunna, Indiana
 * Corunna, Michigan
 * Corunna High School

Other

 * Corunna, Ontario, Canada, named for the 1809 battle
 * Corunna Barracks, former barracks in Ludgershall, Wiltshire, England

Other uses

 * HMS Corunna (D97), United Kingdom warship

title: Corunna (disambiguation)