text:
Northrop YF-17

The Northrop YF-17 (nicknamed "Cobra") was a prototype lightweight fighter aircraft designed by Northrop aviation for the United States Air Force's Lightweight Fighter (LWF) technology evaluation program. The LWF was initiated because many in the fighter community believed that aircraft like the F-15 Eagle were too large and expensive for many combat roles. The YF-17 was the culmination of a long line of Northrop designs, beginning with the N-102 Fang in 1956, continuing through the F-5 family.

Although it lost the LWF competition to the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the YF-17 was selected for the new Naval Fighter Attack Experimental (VFAX) program. In enlarged form, the F/A-18 Hornet was adopted by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps to replace the A-7 Corsair II and F-4 Phantom II, complementing the more expensive F-14 Tomcat. This design, conceived as a small and lightweight fighter, was scaled up to the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, which is similar in size and weight to the F-15 and ultimately replaced the F-14. A non-naval, export variant developed and marketed by Northrop, the F-18L failed to attract buyers; nevertheless, many air forces have operated the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 as a purely land-based fighter.

Background
The aircraft's main design elements date to early 1965, from the internal Northrop project N-300. The N-300 was derived from the F-5E, and features a longer fuselage, small leading-edge root extensions (LERX), and more powerful GE15-J1A1 turbojets, rated at 9,000 lbf (40 kN). The wing position was raised slightly to increase ground clearance for ordnance. The N-300 further evolved into the P-530 Cobra, which uses 13000 lbf GE15-J1A5 engines, with a very small 0.25:1 bypass ratio leading to the nickname "leaky turbojet". The bypass air was required for cooling the afterburner and nozzle and the cool bypass duct surface allowed the engine bay to be constructed of lighter, cheaper materials.

The P-530 wing planform and nose section were similar to the F-5, with a trapezoidal shape formed by a sweep of 20° at the quarter-chord line, and an unswept trailing edge, but was over double the area, with 400 sqft as opposed to 186 sqft of the F-5E. Initially shoulder mounted, the wings were lowered to the mid position. Its most distinctive new feature were the LERXs that tapered into the fuselage under the cockpit. They added about 50% additional lift at angles of attack exceeding 50°, improving maneuvering. The extensions also aligned airflow into the engines at high angles of attack. The resemblance to the head of a cobra led to the adoption of the nickname "Cobra" for the P-530.

Lightweight Fighter program

When the Lightweight Fighter program was announced in 1971, Northrop modified the P-530 into the P-600 design that would be designated YF-17A. Whereas the P-530 was intended as a multi-role aircraft, the P-600 was to be strictly an air-to-air demonstrator, and consequently the cannon moved from the underside of the fuselage, to the upper part. Design of the YF-17 and the prototype YJ101 engine, a development of the GE15 engine, consumed over a million man-hours, and 5,000 hours of wind tunnel testing.

The YF-17 was primarily constructed of aluminum, in conventional semi-monocoque stressed-skin construction, though over 900 lb (408 kg) of its structure comprised graphite/epoxy composite. The small nose contained a simple ranging-radar. The cockpit had an ejection seat inclined at 18°, a bubble canopy, and a head-up display (HUD). The thin wings carried no fuel, and in areas such as the leading and trailing edge and the LERX, were composed of a Nomex honeycomb core with composite facesheets. The rear of the aircraft had twin all-moving stabilators of aluminum over a honeycomb core, and twin vertical stabilizers of a conventional construction. Like the wings, the leading and trailing edges were constructed of composite facesheets over honeycomb core. A composite speedbrake was located on top of the fuselage between the engines.

The aircraft was powered by two 14400 lbf General Electric YJ101-GE-100 afterburning turbojets, installed next to each other to minimize thrust asymmetry in the event of an engine failure. To minimise engine removal time they were removed from below the aircraft without disturbing the empennage controls. Each engine drove an hydraulic pump for independent aircraft systems. Unlike the P-530, the YF-17 had partial fly-by-wire, called an electronic control augmentation system (ECAS), which used ailerons, rudders, and stabilators for primary flight control.

Studies showed a single vertical stabilizer was insufficient at high angles of attack, and it was changed to twin vertical stabilizers, canted at 45°, resulting in a "relaxed longitudinal stability" design, which enhances maneuverability. Northrop was not yet confident in fly-by-wire controls and retained mechanically actuated flight controls. The resulting aircraft, unveiled on 28 January 1971, had a maximum weight of 40,000 lb (18,144 kg) and maximum speed of Mach 2, but stirred little interest among foreign buyers.

The first prototype (serial number 72-1569) was rolled out at Hawthorne on 4 April 1974; its first flight at Edwards AFB came on 9 June with Henry "Hank" Chouteau at the controls flying for 61 minutes reaching an altitude of 18,000 feet and a maximum speed of 610 miles per hour. Chouteau afterwards remarked that, "When our designers said that in the YF-17 they were going to give the airplane back to the pilot, they meant it. It's a fighter pilot's fighter." The second YF-17 (s/n 72-1570) first flew on 21 August. Through 1974, the YF-17 competed against the General Dynamics YF-16. The two YF-17 prototypes flew 288 test flights, totaling 345.5 hours. The YF-17 attained a top speed of Mach 1.95, a peak load factor of 9.4 g, and a maximum altitude of over 50000 ft. It demonstrated a maximum angle of attack of 68 degrees at 28 kn IAS.

Naval Fighter Attack Experimental
Initially, the U.S. Navy was not heavily involved as a participant in the LWF program. In August 1974, Congress directed the Navy to make maximum use of the technology and hardware of the LWF for its new lightweight strike fighter, the VFAX. As neither contractor had experience with naval fighters, they sought partners to provide that expertise. General Dynamics teamed with Vought for the Vought Model 1600; Northrop with McDonnell Douglas for the F-18. Each submitted revised designs in line with the Navy needs for a long-range radar and multirole capabilities.

Flight testing
Prototype YF-17 72-1569 was sent to NASA's Dryden Research Center for base drag studies from 27 May to 14 July 1976 prior to the first F/A-18 prototype under development.

Aircraft on display

 * YF-17
 * 72-1569 – Western Museum of Flight in Torrance, California
 * 72-1570 – Battleship Memorial Park in Mobile, Alabama

title: Northrop YF-17


text:
Keeping up with the Joneses

"Keeping up with the Joneses" is an idiom in many parts of the English-speaking world referring to the comparison of oneself to one's neighbor, where the neighbor serves as a benchmark for social class or the accumulation of material goods. Failure to "keep up with the Joneses" is perceived as a demonstration of socio-economic or cultural inferiority. The phrase was coined by a 1910s comic strip of the same name.

Origins
The phrase originates with the comic strip Keeping Up with the Joneses, created by Arthur R. "Pop" Momand in 1913. The strip ran until 1940 in The New York World and various other newspapers. The strip depicts the social climbing McGinis family, who struggle to "keep up" with their neighbors, the Joneses of the title. The Joneses were unseen characters throughout the strip's run, often spoken of but never shown. The idiom keeping up with the Joneses has remained popular long after the strip's end.

The use of the name Jones to refer to metaphorical neighbors or friends in discussions of social comparison predates Momand's comic strip. In 1879, English writer E. J. Simmons wrote in Memoirs of a Station Master of the railroad station as a place for social exchange: "The Joneses, who don't associate with the Robinsons, meet there." American humorist Mark Twain made an allusion to Smith and Jones families with regard to social custom in the essay "Corn Pone Opinions", written in 1901 but first published in 1923: "The outside influences are always pouring in upon us, and we are always obeying their orders and accepting their verdicts. The Smiths like the new play; the Joneses go to see it, and they copy the Smith verdict." Starting in 1908, D.W. Griffith directed a series of comedy shorts starring The Biograph Girl, Florence Lawrence, featuring the people next door, The Joneses.

An alternative theory is that the Joneses of the saying refer to the wealthy family of Edith Wharton's father, the Joneses. The Joneses were a prominent New York family with substantial interests in Chemical Bank as a result of marrying the daughters of the bank's founder, John Mason. The Joneses and other rich New Yorkers began to build country villas in the Hudson Valley around Rhinecliff and Rhinebeck, which had belonged to the Livingstons, another prominent New York family to whom the Joneses were related. The houses became grander and grander. In 1853, Elizabeth Schermerhorn Jones built a 24-room gothic villa called Wyndcliffe described by Henry Winthrop Sargent in 1859 as being very fine in the style of a Scottish castle, but by Edith Wharton, Elizabeth's niece, as a gloomy monstrosity. The villa reportedly spurred more building, including a house by William B. Astor (married to a Jones cousin), a phenomenon later described as "keeping up with the Joneses". The phrase is also associated with another of Edith Wharton's aunts, Mary Mason Jones, who built a large mansion at Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, then undeveloped. Wharton portrays her affectionately in The Age of Innocence as Mrs. Manson Mingott, "calmly waiting for fashion to flow north".

A slightly different version is that the phrase refers to the grand lifestyle of the Joneses who by the mid-century were numerous and wealthy, thanks to the Chemical Bank and Mason connection. It was their relation Mrs William Backhouse Astor, Jr who began the "patriarchs balls" around the end of the 19th century, the origin of "The Four Hundred", the list of the society elite who were invited. By then the Joneses were being eclipsed by the massive wealth of the Astors, Vanderbilts and others but the four hundred list published in 1892 contained many of the Joneses and their relations—old money still mattered.

Social effects
The philosophy of "keeping up with the Joneses" has widespread effects on some societies. According to this philosophy, conspicuous consumption occurs when people care about their standard of living and its appearance in relation to their peers.

According to Roger Mason, "the demand for status goods, fueled by conspicuous consumption, has diverted many resources away from investment in the manufacture of more material goods and services in order to satisfy consumer preoccupations with their relative social standing and prestige".

Social status once depended on one's family name; however, social mobility in the United States and the rise of consumerism there both gave rise to change. With the increasing availability of goods, people became more inclined to define themselves by what they possessed and the quest for higher status accelerated. Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since.

Inability to "keep up with the Joneses" might result in dissatisfaction, even for people whose status is high. This could possibly tie in to a concept/theory called the "hedonic treadmill."

In popular culture
In the 1936 book The Next 100 Years, Clifford C. Furnas writes that the phenomenon of Keeping up with the Joneses' ... is descended from the spreading of the peacock's tail."

In the United Kingdom, when Princess Margaret married the fashionable photographer Anthony Armstrong-Jones in 1960, Wallis Simpson allegedly said: "At least we're keeping up with the Armstrong-Joneses".

Jones in the Fast Lane is a 1990 life simulation videogame created by Sierra Entertainment. The game's name and goals are a play on the concept of keeping up with the Joneses.

The Temptations recorded the song "Don't Let The Joneses Get You Down" on their 1969 album Puzzle People. The phrase is also referenced in the 1977 song "Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)" by Waylon Jennings. The Canadian band Spirit of the West referenced the phrase in a song about disability in society with the title "(Putting Up With) The Joneses" on the 1990 album Save This House. The phrase is a line of the lyrics of the song "Life At The Top" by the band Bad English, included in their 1991 album Backlash. The phrase appears in the song "I Wanna Go Back" by Christian singer David Dunn on his 2017 album "Yellow Balloons".

The phrase is used as the title of a 2011–2014 Barbadian comedy-series and also a 2016 American film Keeping Up with the Joneses. The reality television show Keeping Up with the Kardashians takes it name from this phrase, replacing "Joneses" with "Kardashians".

The drum line of the Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps is referred to as "Jonz", a nickname implying that they are superior to other drum lines.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Keeping up with the Joneses


text:
Salient (magazine)

Salient is the weekly students' magazine of the Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association (VUWSA) at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Salient was established in 1938 and originally published in newspaper format, but is now published as a magazine. Salient's style and editorial position can change from year to year due to changes in editors. However, the magazine has generally taken a left-wing stance.

Origins
The student magazine of Victoria University of Wellington has been published under a number of different titles since the early twentieth century: Spike (1902–1964), Smad (1930–1937), and finally Salient (1938–present).

Salient was originally published in newspaper format, but is now published as a print magazine and online

Editor
The Salient editor-in-chief is an employee of VUWSA operating under a charter that grants editorial independence. The editor is appointed and employed under a fixed term contract that covers roughly the beginning to end of the academic year. Previous involvement with the magazine is not a prerequisite for applicants, although most have had some role at Salient prior to their editorship. At various times in Salient's history, and consistently since 2011, the editorship has been shared between two people.

Notable past editors include former Prime Minister Geoffrey Palmer, editor of Metro magazine Simon Wilson, independent publisher Roger Steele (NZOM), Queen's Counsel Hugh Rennie, independent investigative writers such as David Harcourt and New Zealand Listener writer Toby Manhire.

Former editors
• 2024 — Phoebe Robertson

• 2023 — Francesca Pietkiewicz and Maia Ingoe

• 2022 — Janhavi Gosavi

• 2021 — Sally Ward and Matthew Casey

• 2020 — Kirsty Frame and Rachel Trow

• 2019 — Kii Small and Taylor Galmiche

• 2018 — Louise Lin

• 2017 — Tuioleloto Laura Toailoa and Tim Manktelow

• 2016 — Emma Hurley and Jayne Mulligan

• 2015 — Sam McChesney

• 2014 — Cam Price and Duncan McLachlan

• 2013 — Molly McCarthy and Stella Blake-Kelly

• 2012 — Ollie Neas and Asher Emanuel

• 2011 — Uther Dean and Elle Hunt

• 2010 — Sarah Robson

• 2009 — Jackson James Wood

• 2008 — Tristan Egarr

• 2007 — Steve Nicoll

• 2006 — James Robinson

• 2005 — Emily Braunstein

• 2004 — Sarah Barnett

• 2003 — Michael Appleton

• 2002 — Max Rashbrooke

• 2001 — Nikki Burrows

• 2000 — Nikki Burrows

• 1999 — Mike Beggs

• 1998 — Jonathan Hill

• 1997 — Toby Manhire

• 1996 — James Palmer

• 1995 — Vic Waghorn

• 1994 — Andrew Chick

• 1993 — Tony Smith

• 1992 — Cathie Sheat

• 1991 — Carl Dawson

• 1990 — Barbara Duke

• 1989 — Belinda Howard

• 1988 — Bernie Steeds

• 1987 — Grant O'Neill

• 1986 — Richard Adams

• 1985 — Jane Hurley

• 1984 — Sally Zwartz

• 1983 — Mark Cubey

• 1982 — Mark Wilson

• 1981 — Stephen A'Court

• 1980 — Stephen A'Court

• 1979 — Peter Beach

• 1978 — Simon Wilson

• 1977 — David Murray

• 1976 — John Ryall

• 1975 — Antony Ward, Mark Derby, Bruce Robinson

• 1974 — Roger Steele

• 1973 — Peter Franks, Roger Steele

• 1972 — Gil Peterson

• 1971 — Roger Cruickshank, George Rosenberg

• 1970 — David Harcourt

• 1969 — Roger Wilde

• 1968 — Bill Logan

• 1967 — Gerard Curry, Barrie Saunders

• 1966 — Hugh Rennie

• 1965 — Hugh Rennie, John Llewellyn

• 1964 — Bill Alexander, David Wright, Anthony Haas

• 1963 — Geoffrey Palmer, Ian Grant, Robin Bromby

• 1962 — Murray White

• 1961 — Baldwin March

• 1960 — Ian Grant

• 1959 — Colin Bickler

• 1958 — Terry Kelliher

• 1957 — Conrad Bollinger, Antony Wood

• 1956 — Nick Turner

• 1955 — Brian Shaw

• 1954 — Dan Donovan

• 1953 — Trevor Hill

• 1952 — Trevor Hill

• 1951 — Bill Cameron, Maurice McIntyre

• 1950 — Denny Garrett

• 1949 — Peter Jenkins, Denny Garrett

• 1948 — Bill Cameron, Jean Melling, Alec McLeod

• 1947 — Alec McLeod

• 1946 — Bruce Milburn, Lyster Paul, Bill Cameron

• 1945 — W.K.T. (Kemp) Fowler

• 1944 — W.K.T. (Kemp) Fowler

• 1943 — Cecil Crompton

• 1942 — George Turner, Cecil Crompton

• 1941 — Shirley Grinlinton

• 1940 — Maurice Boyd

• 1939 — Derek Freeman

• 1938 — A.H. (Bonk) Scotney

News
Salient news is predominately focused on student issues, the students' association, and the university itself. However, Salient has also reported on national and international items outside of "student" issues. For instance there was significant coverage of the Iraq invasion in 2003.

Previous news editors

 * Will Irvine and Ethan Rogacion (2024)
 * Zoë Mills and Ethan Manera (2023)
 * Beth Mountford and Azaria Howell (2022)
 * Sophie Boot (2014)
 * Chris McIntyre (2013)
 * Stella Blake-Kelly and Hugo McKinnon (2011)
 * Molly McCarthy (2010)
 * Michael Oliver (2009)
 * Seonah Choi (2008)
 * Laura McQuillan (2007)
 * Nicola Kean (2006)
 * Keith Ng (2004–2005)

Salient is a member of the Aotearoa Student Press Association (ASPA), which has intermittently had a press gallery journalist in the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current press gallery representative is Annabel McCarthy.

Design
Salient employs a full-time designer who is responsible for the look of the magazine. Because the designer is typically employed for only a one-year term, the visual aesthetic of the magazine can change significantly from year to year.

Former designers
• 2023 — Bella Maresca

• 2022 — Alice Brown

• 2021 — Padraig Simpson

• 2020 — Rowena Chow

• 2019 — Rachel Salazar

• 2018 — Ruby Ash

• 2017 — Eun Sun Jeong and Ellyse Randrup

• 2016 — Ella Bates-Hermans

• 2015 — Sam McChesney

• 2014 — Imogen Temm

• 2013 — Laura Burns

• 2009 — Rory Harnden

• 2008 —  Tony Barnao

• 2007 —  Grant Buist

• 2006 —  Dave Batt

Comics
Salient has been a home to a number of comics and cartoons, and they traditionally have their place on the last page of the magazine. Past comics such as ASCII and Grant Buist's Brunswick have won critical awards, with ASCII winning an Aotearoa Student Press Association (ASPA) award in 2005. Previous comics have included Being Blind, Man, ASCII (originally published in Waikato University's ''Nexus' magazine'), Newtown Ghetto Anger, The Chronicle, Drunk Duck, Uni Life, Super Academic Friends, The Academic Idol Comic, and G33K by Sparx.

Website
As well as publishing in print, Salient operates a frequently updated website. In 2013, the Salient website was redeveloped, and won the award for best website at the ASPAs. Salient publishes an email newsletter called 'Sincerely Salient', including news round-ups, local events, and feature highlights.

In late 2019, Salient's archives were controversially removed from public view after a website upgrade, resulting in the creation of an independent 'Salient Archive' website, which restored public access to 9,879 of the hidden articles.

Video
Salient had a video production arm called 'Salient TV', the only department dedicated to video content from any student media publication in New Zealand. Salient TV videos include interviews, comedy sketches, and other miscellaneous content that focuses on student interests. Salient TV videos were primarily found on the magazine's Facebook page. Salient TV disbanded in 2019, to widespread disappointment.

Radio station
Salient FM, known as VBC until 2015, was a non-profit station which operated at Victoria University of Wellington from 2007 to 2019. It took the place of Radio Active as the university's campus-based and student-oriented radio station. It was funded by the university and VUWSA through the budget allocated for Salient, and also had advertisers and sponsors.

In October 2013, VUWSA held a referendum asking whether it should cease funding the station from 2014 after a student moved a motion requesting a referendum at VUWSA's AGM. Out of the 2,105 votes cast on the question, 61 percent favoured continuing to fund the VBC.

As of May 2014, VUWSA President Sonya Clark had been made a trustee of the defunct VBC Trust in order to wind it down, so that VUWSA could take control of the station. The Trust owed IRD about $3,000 in unpaid tax, which Clark said VUWSA intended to pay. The 2014 Salient editors expressed an interest in transforming the VBC into "Salient Radio". In 2015, the station was rebranded Salient FM.

Salient FM had a diverse programme targeted at Victoria University of Wellington students. Genres of alternative, electronic, and hip-hop music were most commonly broadcast. The station also heavily encouraged Wellingtonian and New Zealand musical acts. The station also hosted a number of politics and current affairs focused shows, notably the Young Matt Show and Bandwagon Radio. These programmes discussed important political issues and policies, particularly those most relevant to VUW students.

In December 2019, Salient FM was shut down following a decision from the VUWSA CEO Matthew Tucker. Full reasoning behind the Salient FMs discontinuation was not made public. In response to this, an Official Investigation Act request was filed to investigate if cutting the station was unconstitutional. Salient FM's two editors Jazz Kane and Nav Nair commented "We're pretty confident that it is entirely unconstitutional".

Podcasts
After the cessation of Salient FM, Salient created Salient Podcasts.

ASPA Awards
Salient has participated in the ASPA Student Media Awards since their inception in 2003. The magazine dominated the first two years of the awards winning amongst other categories Best Publication in 2003 and 2004. Otago's Critic is generally seen as Salient's strongest competition and in 2005 turned the tables, sweeping a number of categories including Best Publication with Salient coming second. Critic won Best Publication again in 2006 and Salient came second.

In 2009, Salient won the award for Best Publication. Salient dominated these awards with five first places and eight other placings. In 2011, Salient also won best publication. However, in 2010, 2012 and 2013 Salient was runner-up in best publication to Critic.

In 2022, Salient won awards for Best Cover, Best Sports Writing, Best Personal Essay, Best Online Presence, Best Centrefold, Best Student Politics Coverage (tied) and Best Editorial (tied).

Views
Due to Salient's changing editorial position (each editor typically holding the position for a one-year period), views expressed in the magazine have been varying throughout history. In general, Salient has taken a left-wing approach to politics.

Maoism (1964-1981)
In this period, many of the editors and contributors to Salient were members of the Wellington Marxist-Leninist Organisation (MILO), a Maoist-aligned group with substantial student membership at the time. Consequently, much of the content published in this period was politically charged and Maoist-leaning.

Te Ao Mārama (1973-1974, and 1997-present)
Te Ao Mārama is an issue of Salient focused on Māori issues. Young political groups Ngā Tamatoa and the Te Reo Māori Society influenced the first publication of Te Ao Mārama in 1973 during Māori Language Week, under editor Roger Steele in 1973, in an attempt to support te reo Māori on campus. According to Max Nichol, "Steele credits the Te Reo Māori Society with the idea, and Ngā Tamatoa with putting the issue of revitalising te reo on the agenda in the first place." Unfortunately, Steele’s editing successors did not continue this mahi to the same degree; "it was not until 1997 that Te Ao Mārama was enshrined in VUWSA’s constitution, obliging Salient to produce a Māori language issue annually."

Presently, Te Ao Mārama is a cherished tradition that allows a voice to Māori voices and issues within the university community. In 2022, Te Ao Mārama was published for the first time entirely in both English and te reo. This was under editor Janhavi Gosavi, and the issue was guest edited by Areta Pakinga.

Women's rights
In the 1980s, Salient began to gave more space to issues of women's rights. Notably in this time, Sally Zwartz became the second women editor in 1984, the only women to edit previously being Shirley Grinlington in 1941, of who it is speculated to "perhaps [have] gained her position due to the dip in the number of male students during World War Two."

1985 Defamement allegations and sexual harassment policy
1985 editor Jane Hurley faced a legal threat from the university's History Department after she had co-edited the VUWSA Student Handbook, which "provided course critiques so that students could assess for themselves which courses and programmes of study might appeal to them." The handbook noted that a professor in the department was known for “sexual harassment," causing the department to threaten a defamation suit against the editors and demand retraction. In the first issue of Salient in 1985, Hurley attempted to appease the department by writing that the claims of "sexual harassment" may have suggested a higher level of severity, and clarified the misconduct to be "milder" forms of harassment such as "unwanted comments, the innuendo, the disparagement of women simply because they are women."

Hurley's reporting was partly responsible for pushing Victoria University to enforce a sexual harassment policy in 1986, and work to give students support around the issue.

1995 Waghorn affair
In 1995, there was controversy surrounding the editor Vic Waghorn, such that a Special General Meeting of VUWSA was called in June to dismiss her from the role. The motion to dismiss Waghorn at the meeting was soundly defeated 250 to 3, but it was not the end of the matter. Personal grievances and accusations she had misappropriated funds led to her being suspended in September by the VUWSA Executive. In response, Waghorn managed to change the cover of the final issue of Salient "to a cartoon depiction of cunnilingus captioned 'suck it hard'". Most of the covers were removed before release however.

The affair led to a change to the VUWSA constitution so that it would be harder to dismiss a Salient editor in the future.

2005 Fee rise leak and court injunction
In September 2005, the Vice-Chancellor of Victoria University obtained a court injunction to prevent an issue of Salient from being distributed – thought to be the first time in the magazine's history this has happened. The issue of Salient contained information obtained from leaked University Council documents with details about possible university fee increases of 5 to 10 percent. The controversy made national media, with several items on the television news. The university failed to realise that information was put on to the ASPA newswire, hence the information was published in several other student magazines and on the internet. Distribution of Salient was eventually allowed, four days late after Salient and the university reached an out-of-court settlement. The documents were returned to the university, reportedly with pictures of male genitalia drawn over them.

2006 Listing of Chinese people as a species to be wary of
In April 2006, Salient published a short piece which put Han Chinese people, along with animals like poisonous snakes and penguins, in a list of "top five species we should be wary of". The supposed "joke" upset the Chinese community and caused huge protests from both Chinese students and the Chinese Embassy. Accused of being blatantly racist, editor James Robinson apologised, saying "It was a ridiculous jab that was honestly so stupid I didn't even think twice about it." However, he argued people who were offended had misinterpreted it: "We put 'the Chinese' between 'penguins' and 'very poisonous snakes' on the list, and people somehow took it seriously." He also defended his right to publish it, saying "It's not hate speech or inciting violence against the Chinese race. It would be a dangerous precedent to come out and say, 'Sorry, we were totally out of our minds to print such a thing'." Many questioned Robinson's credentials in defining what is and is not an appropriate reaction to racism. Nick Kelly, 2006 Students' Association President, posted an apology calling the article "xenophobic and inappropriate ... in poor taste".

2008 Naked Hu Jintao cover
In May 2008, Salient published a feature article concerning the rise of China as a new world superpower. To promote this article the cover that week depicted a naked, yet to be identified, Salient staffer draped in a Chinese flag, with Hu Jintao's face photoshopped onto their own. The cover invoked a strong reaction from the Wellington Chinese community, with students removing the magazine from distribution at the university's Karori Campus. Following this disruption, the Chinese Students' Association of Victoria University presented a petition of 133 signatures calling for an apology. To date, Salient has not apologised.

2009 Lundy 500
In July 2009, Salient editor Jackson Wood courted controversy by announcing the "Lundy 500", an event whereby "teams of vehicles ... [would] travel from Petone to Palmerston North as convicted double murderer Mark Lundy did in 2000, before murdering wife Christine and daughter Amber, according to the prosecution at his 2002 trial." Participants were tasked with doing the trip in 68 minutes or less, the same time Lundy is argued to have driven the distance. Wood argued that the "event was designed to draw attention to some of the inconsistencies in the New Zealand legal system", and emphasised that he wasn't encouraging anyone to break the law. However, the proposed event was harshly criticised in the media, and on 2 August, it was announced that the event was to be cancelled. Wood apologised to the Lundy family and wrote that: "He acknowledged that their viewpoints were not adequately taken into account before the event was announced on Friday, and that there were other ways for this point to be communicated".

A similar re-enactment of the travel involved in the Lundy case, dubbed the "Lundy Three Hundy" was proposed in 2013 by Nic Miller. It was likewise criticised in the media, with Mathew Grocott writing that "this event should not go ahead and if those involved have any human decency then it won't go ahead."

title: Salient (magazine)


text:
Talk:Imperial County of Reuss

[Untitled]
Heinrich LXII ? That would be the 62nd, IMHO. Certainly, 17th is meant, or XVII?

 * The Reuss's number in a bizarre manner. They're all named Henry, so non-ruling male members of the house are also numbered.  Basically, all members of the younger branch born in a particular century are numbered sequentially in order of birth, and then it starts over again. john 20:30, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * In one line, they start again when they get to 100; in the other, they start again at the start of every century. Maproom (talk) 01:02, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

--- Why do Reuss Senior Line and Reuss Junior Line redirect here? Känsterle 14:25, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, those should be their own articles. --Chl 14:47, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Vogtland
"the name of Vogtland .. has remained to this day a geographical summary for Reuss". This is misleading, even allowing for the fact that its "this day" is over a century ago. The name "Vogtland" is usually applied to the district centred on Plauen and Auerbach, which had become part of Albertine Saxony by the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Maproom (talk) 01:02, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

1927 is in the past
"After the death of Henry XXIV, the last scion of the younger line, the Principalities of Reuss-Greiz and Reuss-Schleitz will be united." As the article says, he died in 1927, and Reuss ceased to exist in 1920. I have deleted this sentence. Maproom (talk) 01:02, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Her Serene Highness Princess Anni-Frid Synni Reuss, Countess of Plauen (1992–present)
I can't see from this article how the title has passed to Her Serene Highness Princess Anni-Frid Synni Reuss, Countess of Plauen (1992–present), or, more specifically, to her late husband Prince Heinrich Ruzzo Reuss of Plauen (24 May 1950 – 29 October 1999). Does anybody know? Is it relevant? regards Chienlit (talk) 16:45, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

another princess
Is it worth noting that one princess was Avery Brundage's widow? https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2217290/mariann-princess-reuss-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people 164.47.179.32 (talk) 17:50, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

grand total
Is there a list somewhere on the Web of all the numbered Henries? —Tamfang (talk) 23:33, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
 * You always have the German family tree here in Wikipedia: Stammliste des Hauses Reuß. Greetings, Mhmrodrigues (talk) 19:54, 28 September 2022 (UTC)
 * wow —Tamfang (talk) 01:59, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

Size?
How big (in physical area) is Reuss? Current news stories about the coup attempt refer to it as a 'small' or 'tiny' area, but no actual size is given in this article. T bonham (talk) 02:26, 9 December 2022 (UTC)
 * @T bonham: I have entered the area data, both for the entire Vogtland (3.467 km²), which was originally under their control (roughly comparable in size to the county of Essex), and for the parts of it ruled by the Reuss princes until 1918 (1.143 km²). Equord (talk) 17:04, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Imperial County of Reuss


text:
Talk:Japanese mobile phone culture

Relevance
The article explains nothing about the sub-culture of cell phone users in Japan. Optim 19:45, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Look a lot better now, don't you think so? :) Revth 15:02, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * good job Revth, maybe we should team up sometime, because you had good info but it wasnt NPOV and it needed some checking, I fixed your words, added a picture and stuff. ding dong. Nesnad Nov 7 2004

 * How much of this is really limited to Japanese culture? I see much of the same here in Europe, except for the icon bits, but I see that pretty much as the expected use of them (and less of a culture-specific thing), if our phones actually supported it.

 * This seems very outdated, as it is talking about text messaging (SMS). Today everyone is using email on their phones. Also very little information about iMode services, location aware services etc.

 * Please sign your comments. While I agree that this article needs some updating and it's outdated, it's not for those reasons. Since when are Text Messages outdated? What do you mean by "everyone" using email on their phones? Have you ever been outside your room? I assure you, the vast majority of the world uses SMS, so unless you can find a source that shows that everyone uses email (i.e. you won't), don't say silly things like that. Cancerbero 8 (talk) 05:31, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Delete or edit or something
Apart from the section "Teenagers and keitai", almost all of this article could apply to anywhere in the industrialised world and not just Japan.--Joe 1987 01:34, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Actually no most teenagers from the industrialised world are also on mobiles in the same way. Mabye this article emphasises the high technology of Japanese phones and their popularity thus. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.178.101 (talk) 09:26, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Page for deleteon was created: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture --Shultc (talk) 17:37, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

?
Was this page written by someone that feels so in love with Japa culture that he feels the need to use japanese words instead of standard English words? I'm talking about calling mobile phones keitai all through this. In Britain a lot of people call their mobile phones "moblies", I don't see the page on UK networks full of "moblies". It doesn't matter I guess, not many people will actually look at this page JayKeaton 15:19, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Seriously. Why not just use "cell phone" or "mobile phone" instead of the Japanese word? There are uniquely Japanese objects that have no equivalent in the English speaking world, but a cell phone is not one of them. --Dominic 13:51, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

I agree completely, it's inappropriate for the English site. I just went through and replaced all incidences of the word after the initial paragraph with (varyingly) cellular phone/mobile phone/phone etc. Don't think I missed any. 203.97.214.247 13:31, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Another Facet
An extremely irritating part of cell phone culture that I've noticed, not just in Japan, but everywhere, is an increasingly large number of people who aren't actually using their cell phones, and just holding them up to their ear, so that people will either think that they're busy, or that they have lots of friends. It is a sad and pathetic facet of cell phone culture, but a very important part of it too, I think. nnythm

12:53, 9 May 2008 (UTC)wow, i totally agree, but ive never seen that. lmao. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.102.205.89 (talk)

--Akhety (talk) 18:41, 11 February 2011 (UTC) I completely disagree. It is insensitive and evidence of ethnocentrism to refuse to use native terms when you are talking about another culture. Keitai really connotes all of those things that mean Japan's cell phone culture. If you used "cell phone," they wouldn't know what you are talking about. "Handheld" would probably be more understandable. I say this as something who speaks Japanese.

Jet planes?
Can you really buy them on credit in Japan? I have to say I'm genuinely impressed! --WayneMokane 01:58, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Child use
Is it just in Japan that many children own and use cell phones? NTT DoCoMo is offering "Kodomo Keitai" (lit. Children Cellphone) since 2006 or something (with special features including security and GPS system), while I see no providers in Canada offering their service to children. Maybe that is just in Canada.. do Europe or United States offer services to young people? By the way, I've added percentages of child use (as of May 2008) in the introduction part. I hope to see some reply.. I know it's an unpopular article, with probably no one watching. --staka (T ・C) 15:47, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I believe that is common in both the UK and New Zealand as well Eraserhead1 (talk) 12:50, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Add more technical information
Would it be possible to add more technical information, say whether they are mostly Windows Mobile/Symbian/Something else and maybe talk about how many Japanese use iPhone etc. as they seem to be fairly impressed by it IME. Eraserhead1 (talk) 12:50, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

The Japanese reference
The reference added in Japanese leads to a "File Not Found" page. I'm new to editing wikipedia, so I'm not entirely sure how to change this. I'm trying to find the true link to the page cited, if it still exists. Also, I'm currently writing a paper on this topic and I'm hoping to add a lot more English language citations. --Akhety (talk) 18:43, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

Too much opinion; biased, non-objective nor fact based wording
"Japan is leading in mobile phone technology. Japan's cell phone always have cool features before we found it. Most cellular phones sold in the last three years have integrated cameras; some more up to date models have high quality digital cameras. Many of the cameras are capable of taking both still and video images. Images can usually be sent to other mobile phones and embedded in messages."

Sources? Also, "before we found it?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.172.60.74 (talk) 10:24, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

Keitai in the Smartphone Era
I think this article needs to be updated mostly to put it in the past tense. In the pre-iPhone/smartphone era Japan was quite ahead of the rest of the world in terms of mobile phone features and usage, but these days smartphones do pretty much everything the best pre-smartphone keitai did and more. So now in Japan we use iPhone and Android like everybody else.

I'd re-write the article myself, but I'm not sure if that wouldn't be too dramatic a change that people wouldn't object to.

Cjs (talk) 04:55, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Do so. The article is outdated by now (2017). Zezen (talk) 07:09, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Japanese mobile phone culture


text:
User talk:05mayho

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay around. Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Meelar 19:50, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

P.S. If you need anything, my talk page is always open to you.

title: User talk:05mayho


text:
Clinidae

Clinidae is a family of marine fish in the order Blenniiformes within the series Ovalentaria, part of the Percomorpha. Temperate blennies, the family ranges from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. The family contains about 86 species in 20 genera, the 60-cm-long giant kelpfish (Heterostichus rostratus) being the largest; most are far smaller.

With small cycloid scales, clinoid blennies may have a deep or slender build; some members of the family bear the name "snake blenny" and "eel blenny" for this reason. Dorsal spines outnumber soft rays; two spines are in the anal fin. Like many other blennies, clinids possess whisker-like structures on their heads called cirri.

The majority of species possesses rich, highly variable colouration in shades of reddish-brown to olive, often with cryptic patterns; this suits the lifestyle of clinid blennies, which frequent areas of dense weed or kelp. Generally staying within intertidal zones to depths around 40 m, some species are also found in tide pools. Eggs are deposited on kelp for the male to guard. Clinids feed primarily on small crustaceans and mollusks.

The name Clinidae derives from the Greek klinein meaning "sloping", a reference to the shape of the sphenoid bone.

Genera
These 26 genera are classified in the family Clinidae, including 81–84 species:

 * Blennioclinus Gill, 1860 (2 species)
 * Blennophis Swainson, 1839 (2 species)
 * Cancelloxus J.L.B. SmithSmith, 1961 (3 species)
 * Cirrhibarbis Valenciennes, 1836 (monotypic)
 * Climacoporus Barnard, 1935 (monotypic)
 * Clinitrachus Swainson, 1839 (monotypic)
 * Clinoporus Barnard, 1927 (monotypic)
 * Clinus Cuvier, 1816 (19–22 species)
 * Cologrammus Gill, 1893 (monotypic)
 * Cristiceps Valenciennes, 1836 (3 species)
 * Ericentrus Gill, 1893 (monotypic)
 * Fucomimus Smith, 1946 (monotypic)
 * Gibbonsia Cooper, 1864 (3 species)
 * Heteroclinus Castelnau, 1872 (16 species)
 * Heterostichus Girard, 1854 (monotypic)
 * Muraenoclinus Smith, 1946 (monotypic)
 * Myxodes Cuvier, 1829 (3 species)
 * Ophiclinops Whitley, 1932 (3 species)
 * Ophiclinus Castelnau, 1872 (6 species)
 * Pavoclinus Smith, 1946 (9 species)
 * Peronedys Steindachner, 1883 (monotypic)
 * Ribeiroclinus S. Y. Pinto, 1965 (monotypic)
 * Smithichthys Hubbs, 1952 (monotypic)
 * Springeratus S. C. Shen, 1971 (3 species)
 * Sticharium Günther, 1867 (2 species)
 * Xenopoclinus Smith, 1948 (2 species)

title: Clinidae


text:
Swamp (comic strip)

Swamp is a comic strip created by Australian Gary Clark. It was first published in 1981 in the Sunshine Coast Daily. According to Clark, the inspiration and model for this strip was the creeks and lagoons in a bushy suburban Brisbane where he grew up in the 1960s. He describes the strip as a "down-to-earth look at a bewildered society thriving in an ever-increasing complex world."

The popular characters in the comic strip are : Ding Duck, Wart & Mort Frog, Old Man Croc, Bob Crayfish, The Dung Beetles, Air Traffic Controller, The Ants, The Bludgerigar. Ding Duck and the Air Traffic Controller are popular worldwide in aviation circles. Wart & Mort Frog are popular with organisations and websites that promote water quality and sustainability and a clean, green environment.

Under license to AKASHI HIFUKU KOGYO Co. Ltd, the Swamp characters appear on upscale casual and sportswear especially golf sportswear in Japan and South Korea.

It is syndicated to newspapers throughout Australia, New Zealand and Europe and translated into seven languages.

Gary Clark has won 14 Stanley Awards for Best Comic Strip Artist of the Year including the inaugural award presented by Prime Minister Bob Hawke. Also, Clark has won 11 Rotary National Cartoon Awards. His company, Swamp Productions Pty Ltd was nominated for export achievement in Arts/Entertainment category in the Premier of Queensland Awards in 1999 for export achievement to Japan.

Early in his cartooning career, Gary Clark created the popular Diesel Dog Cartoon featured in Truckin' Life Magazine in Australia. He relinquished creating Diesel Dog cartoons for over 20 years and in 2011 was requested by Truckin' Life to being Diesel's creator once again.

In August 2013, the comic strip was reported to have stopped syndication in News Corporation papers in Australia as a cost saving measure, but remains syndicated elsewhere.

title: Swamp (comic strip)


text:
User talk:Chabad~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
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If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~  Regards, Fire Star 19:55, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Dear Chabad
We do not have multiple articles with the same content. Please leave the redirects as they are. If you continue, you may be banned from editing the site.

Thanks, BCorr ¤ Брайен 22:57, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

This is not the place for you to insert a particular POV ideology regarding an individual, regardless of what you happen to think of him. This is true regarding all religious leaders, and not just Schneerson. Alternately, as they say in Yiddish, Genikt mit'n avoda zara! Danny 22:57, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)~

Greetings Chabad
We are interested in having you contribute on the subjects you are familar with, and there is a way to get the information that you think is important onto the pages you find appropriate, a style of writing that will protect what you post here better - it is called NPOV, for "neutral point of view" - please click on the link for an explanation of the policy. If what you write is NPOV, you could perhaps explain why your descriptions of the Rebbe and his status take the forms they do, what they mean to you and others. With just a few deft qualifying statements you could still keep most of the information you have already posted intact and people not yet familiar with Hasidim could learn something new and perhaps beneficial.

Regards, Fire Star 02:01, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Vote
See Votes for deletion/Occupation of Palestine

Vote: Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis
See Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis. Thank you. IZAK 09:17, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Please do not make deceptive edits
Or use deceptive edit summaries, such your recent link edits on Chabad Lubavitch. Jayjg 03:18, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page should be deleted
This page should be deleted because it is misleading and may be offensive to the subject matter relating to Chabad and those who may be connected with it. IZAK 09:52, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Please see: Username policy: "...Offensive usernames include those that refer or allude to: The names of religions or religious figures; in addition, usernames that invoke the name of a religious figure or religion are prohibited should they be distasteful, provoke or promote intolerance, are disrespectful of the religion, or promote the ideology that one religion is superior to others. Usernames that are clearly expressions of faith are discouraged, however considered allowed unless disruptive. Should a username not be clear as to the motive, it may be reviewed." Thank you, IZAK 03:59, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you are this?: Username policy "It is acceptable to pre-emptively create another account with a username similar to one's own, with the purpose of preventing impersonation by vandals. Such accounts are called doppelganger accounts. They should be marked with the doppelganger or doppelganger2 tag, or simply redirected to one's own userpage. Such accounts should not be used for editing." So what is going on here? IZAK 03:59, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

My concern about your username
Hello, Chabad, and welcome to Wikipedia.

I hope not to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your username, and am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's username policy. After you look over that policy, could we discuss that concern here?

I'd appreciate learning your own views, for instance your reasons for wanting this particular name, and what alternative username you might accept that avoids raising this concern.

You have several options freely available to you:
 * If you can relieve my concern through discussing it here, I can stop worrying about it.
 * If the two of us can't agree here, we can ask for help through Wikipedia's dispute resolution process, such as asking for a "third opinion", or requesting comments from other Wikipedians. Wikipedia administrators usually abide by agreements reached through this process.
 * You can keep your contributions history under a new username. Visit Changing username and follow the guidelines there.

Let me reassure you that my writing here means I don't think your username is grossly, blatantly, or obviously inappropriate; such names get reported straight to Administrator intervention against vandalism or blocked on sight. This is more a case where opinions might differ, and it would be good to reach some consensus — either here or at Requests for comment/User names. So I look forward to a friendly discussion, and to enjoying your continued participation on Wikipedia. Thank you again! IZAK 02:54, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Chabad on Wikipedia arbitration request
There is a recently-filed request for arbitration that mentions you as a concerned party. Please review the request at Requests for arbitration and, if you wish to do so, enter your statement and any other material you wish to submit to the Arbitration Committee. Additionally, the following resources may be of use—
 * Requests for arbitration;
 * Arbitration guide.

Thanks, IZAK (talk) 02:16, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

Arbitration case opens/Chabad movement
Hi: Since you have been involved in the topic of Chabad, this is to let you know that an official arbitration case has been opened at Arbitration/Requests/Case/Chabad movement. You may wish to add your comments for the Arbitrators to consider to the evidence sub-page, Arbitration/Requests/Case/Chabad movement/Evidence. The ArbCom asks that evidence be submitted within one week, if possible. You may also contribute to the case on the workshop sub-page, Arbitration/Requests/Case/Chabad movement/Workshop. Thanks, IZAK (talk) 05:51, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Chabad. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Chabad~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:53, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:29, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chabad~enwiki


text:
Shinsengumi

The "Newly Selected Corps" (新選組) was a small, elite group of swordsmen that was organized by commoners and low rank samurai, commissioned by the (military government) during Japan's Bakumatsu period (late Tokugawa shogunate) in 1863. It was active until 1869. It was founded to protect the shogunate representatives in Kyoto at a time when a controversial imperial edict to exclude foreign trade from Japan had been made and the Chōshū clan had been forced from the imperial court. They gained considerable fame in the Ikedaya incident and the August 18 coup events, among others. The men were drawn from the sword schools of Edo.

Japan's forced opening to the west in 1854, which required it to open its shores for trade or face military conflict, exacerbated internal political instability. One long-standing line of political opinion was (meaning, "revere the emperor, expel the barbarians"). Loyalists (particularly in Chōshū Domain) in Kyoto began to rebel. In response, the Tokugawa shogunate formed the "the squad" (浪士組) on October 19, 1862. The was a squad of 234  (samurai without masters) drawn from the sword schools of Edo.

The squad's nominal commander was the hatamoto Matsudaira Katamori, and their leader was Kiyokawa Hachirō, a from Shōnai Domain. The 's mission was to protect Tokugawa Iemochi, the 14th, during an important trip to Kyoto to meet with the Emperor Kōmei. There had not been such a meeting since the third of the Tokugawa, Tokugawa Iemitsu, had visited Kyoto in the 17th century. Tokugawa Iemochi, the head of the military government, the, had been invited to discuss how Japan should enact the recent imperial edict calling for the expulsion of foreigners.

Although the was funded by the Tokugawa, the leader Kiyokawa Hachirō and others had strong loyalties to the emperor and planned to gather other  in Kyoto to police the city from insurgents. On March 26 (lunar calendar February 8), 1863, Kiyokawa led the out of Edo as the vanguard of  Iemochi's procession to Kyoto, which they arrived on April 10 (lunar calendar February 23), 1863.

When Kiyokawa's scheme was revealed in Kyoto, he immediately commanded the to return to Edo. The members were disbanded and then returned to Edo where they would later form the Shinchōgumi (新徴組) under the patronage of Shōnai Domain. However, nineteen members, mainly from the Mito clan, remained and formed the Mibu Rōshigumi (壬生浪士組).

Founding members
Serizawa's faction:

 * Serizawa Kamo
 * Niimi Nishiki
 * Hirayama Gorō
 * Hirama Jūsuke
 * Noguchi Kenji
 * Araya Shingorō
 * Saeki Matasaburō

Kondō's faction:

 * Kondō Isami
 * Hijikata Toshizō
 * Inoue Genzaburō
 * Okita Sōji
 * Nagakura Shinpachi
 * Saitō Hajime
 * Harada Sanosuke
 * Tōdō Heisuke
 * Yamanami Keisuke

Tonouchi's faction:

 * Tonouchi Yoshio
 * Iesato Tsuguo
 * Abiru Eisaburō
 * Negishi Yūzan

Initially, the were called Miburō (壬生浪), meaning " of Mibu". At the time, Mibu was a village south west of Kyoto, and was the place where they were stationed. was initially formed in three factions under Serizawa (the group), Kondō (the  group) and Tonouchi. Abiru Eisaburō later died of illness, a month after arriving in Kyoto.

Internal strife soon developed within the group, Tonouchi was assassinated by Kondō on Yojō bridge, Serizawa had ordered a member, Iesato Tsuguo, to commit for deserting, Negishi Yūzan also deserted and returned to Edo, where he joined the.

Matsudaira Katamori, after the careful evaluation of the political scene in Kyoto, felt it was needed to change the scope of the 's mission from protecting the shogunate to patrolling the streets of Kyoto and restoring order in the name of the Tokugawa. On August 18, 1863, the was renamed the.

The new name may have been coined by Matsudaira Katamori (the  of the Aizu clan) around this time. The opposition forces included the Mori clan of the Chōshū and the Shimazu clan of Satsuma.

The were led by Serizawa Kamo (born 1830, Mino Province), Niimi Nishiki, and Kondō Isami (born 1834, Musashi Province – he came from a small dojo in Edo called ). The submitted a letter to the Aizu clan, another powerful group who supported the Tokugawa regime, requesting permission to police Kyoto. The request was granted.

Saeki Matasaburō, having killed Araya Shingorō, was believed to be killed by a Chōshū samurai Kusaka Genzui on September 22, 1863.

On September 30, 1863 (lunar calendar August 18), the Chōshū (anti-Tokugawa) clan were forced from the imperial court by the Tokugawa, Aizu and Satsuma clans. The were sent to aid the Aizu and guard the gates of the imperial court. The opposition forces included the Mori clan of the Chōshū and the Shimazu clan of Satsuma.

Serizawa's erratic and disruptive behavior in Kyoto eventually led to Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu giving the an order to assassinate Serizawa and his group. On October 19, 1863, Niimi Nishiki, a member of the Serizawa faction was forced by Yamanami Keisuke and Hijikata Toshizō to commit seppuku for breaking regulations. On October 30 (or October 28), a few selected members led by Hijikata went into the Yagi Gennojō's house and assassinated Serizawa, his woman Oume, and Hirayama Goro, with Hirama Jūsuke being the only survivor who fled that night. All this infighting left Kondō as leader. Three months later, Noguchi Kenji was ordered to commit for an unknown reason.

On July 8, 1864, in an incident at the Ikedaya Inn in Kyoto, thirty suppressed a cell of twenty Chōshū revolutionaries, possibly preventing the burning of Kyoto. The incident made the squad more famous and led to soldiers enlisting in the squad.

Squad hierarchy after Ikedaya

 * Commander (局長): Kondō Isami, fourth master of the Tennen Rishin-ryū
 * General Commander (総長): Yamanami Keisuke
 * Vice Commander (副長): Hijikata Toshizō
 * Military Advisor (参謀): Itō Kashitarō
 * Spies: Shimada Kai and Yamazaki Susumu.

Troop Captains (組長):

 * Okita Sōji (instructor in Kenjutsu).
 * Nagakura Shinpachi (instructor in Kenjutsu).
 * Saitō Hajime (instructor in Kenjutsu).
 * Matsubara Chūji (instructor in Jujutsu).
 * Takeda Kanryūsai (instructor in military strategies).
 * Inoue Genzaburō
 * Tani Sanjūrō (instructor in spearing skills).
 * Tōdō Heisuke
 * Suzuki Mikisaburō
 * Harada Sanosuke

Members of the group

At its peak, the had about 300 members. They were the first samurai group of the Tokugawa era to allow those from non-samurai classes (farmers and merchants, for example) to join. Many joined the group out of a desire to become samurai and be involved in political affairs. However, it is a misconception that most of the members were from non-samurai classes. Out of 106 members (among a total of 302 members at the time), there were 87 samurai, eight farmers, three merchants, three medical doctors, three priests, and two craftsmen. Several of the leaders, such as Sannan, Okita, Saitō, Nagakura, and Harada, were born samurai.

regulations
The code of the, famously created by Hijikata Toshizō, included five articles, prohibiting deviation from the samurai code , leaving the , raising money privately, taking part in others' litigation, and engaging in private fights. The penalty for breaking any rule was. In addition, if the leader of a unit was mortally wounded in a fight, all the members of the unit must fight and die on the spot and, even in a fight where the death toll was high, the unit was not allowed to retrieve the bodies of the dead, except the corpse of the leader of the unit.

Uniform
The members of the were highly visible in battle due to their distinctive uniforms. Following the orders of the commander Serizawa Kamo, the standard uniform consisted of the  and  over a kimono, with a white cord called a  crossed over the chest and tied in the back. The function of the was to prevent the sleeves of the kimono from interfering with movement of the arms. The wore a light chainmail suit beneath their robes and a light helmet made of iron.

The uniform was best defined by the, which was colored light blue (浅葱色). In the old days of Japan, during the ritual, the samurai committing would wear an. Thus the colour, in the samurai's eyes, characterized an honourable death. The sleeves were trimmed with "white mountain stripes", resulting in a very distinctive uniform.

Boshin War
In 1867, when Tokugawa Yoshinobu withdrew from Kyoto, the left peacefully under the supervision of the, Nagai Naoyuki. The new emperor had been named the head of a new government (meaning the end centuries of military rule by the ). This marked the beginning of the Boshin civil war.

Following their departure from Kyoto, the were one of the shogunate forces fought in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi against the Imperial forces consisting of allied forces of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa in January 1868 where Kondō would suffer a gunshot wound at Fushimi during the battle.

The returned to Edo, where it was later reformed into a unit known as the "Pacification Corps" (甲陽鎮撫隊) and departed from Edo for Kōfu Castle on March 24 on orders to suppress uprisings there. However, upon receiving news on March 28 that the Kōfu Castle was taken by the Imperial forces led by Itagaki Taisuke, they settled at a town of Katsunuma 5 mi east of Kōfu.

On March 29, 1868, the resisted an attack by the Imperial forces at the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma for about two hours but lost, with eight dead and more than thirty wounded, while the Imperial forces had only one dead and twelve wounded. The surviving members were scattered and retreated to Edo.

Right after the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma, Nagakura Shinpachi, Harada Sanosuke and some of the members left the  after disagreements with long-time comrades Kondo and Hijikata and later formed a new unit  with a former Tokugawa retainer Haga Gidou as its commander.

On April 11, 1868, the departed Edo again and set up a temporary headquarters at the Kaneko family estate, northeast of Edo. They would later move to a new headquarters in Nagareyama on April 25, 1868.

However, on the same day, the Imperial forces' Staff Officer Kagawa Keizō of Mito Domain received news that an armed unit had set up camp at Nagareyama and dispatched the forces there.

Death of Kondō Isami
During their training at Nagareyama on April 26, 1868, the members were caught by surprise by the 200-strong Imperial forces, the Imperial forces' vice-chief of staff Arima Tota of Satsuma Domain ordered Kondō to go with them to their camp at Koshigaya. Kondō was later brought to Itabashi on April 27 for questioning. Kondō was declared guilty of participation in the assassination of Sakamoto Ryōma on April 30, 1868 and was beheaded three weeks later at the Itabashi execution grounds on May 17, 1868.

Battle of Aizu
Due to Hijikata being incapacitated as a result of the injuries sustained at the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle in May 1868, the fought in defense of Aizu territory under Saitō Hajime in the Battle of Shirakawa in June 1868. After the Battle of Bonari Pass in October 1868, when Hijikata decided to retreat from Aizu, Saitō and a small group of parted with Hijikata and continued to fight alongside the Aizu Domain  against the Imperial forces until the very end of the Battle of Aizu, where he and a handful of surviving members were apprehended and became the prisoners-of-war.

Joining with the Republic of Ezo
In December 1868, Hijikata and the rest of the surviving joined the forces of the Republic of Ezo in the north.

The numbers decreased to around one hundred in this period and they fought on despite the fall of Edo and clear defeat of Tokugawa. In the Battle of Miyako Bay on 6 May 1869, Hijikata led a daring but doomed raid to steal the imperial warship, in the early morning, from the warship, a number of oppositionists, including Nomura Risaburō, managed to board the ship, but were soon mowed down by its Gatling gun. Many others including the captain of were also killed by gunfire from the Imperial ships. The battle lasted only thirty minutes and the survivors and retreated to Hakodate.

On the fourth week of May 1869, Hijikata led 230 Republic of Ezo forces and the surviving against the 600 strong Imperial forces during the Battle of Futamata for sixteen hours and were forced to retreat. The Imperial forces attacked again on the next day, only to retreat. On the following night, Hijikata led a successful raid on the Imperial forces' camp, forcing them to flee. Hijikata and his forces would later retreat to Hakodate on June 10.

End of the
Hijikata was killed from a gunshot wound on June 20 (lunar calendar May 11), 1869, during the Battle of Hakodate in Hokkaido. Before his death, he wrote of his loyalty to the Tokugawa on the death poem sent by his page Ichimura Tetsunosuke to the house of his brother-in-law:

A remaining group of survivors, under the last commander Sōma Kazue, who had been under Nagai Naoyuki's supervision at Benten Daiba, surrendered three days later on June 23, (lunar calendar May 14), 1869, marked the end of the. The forces of the Republic of Ezo would later surrender on June 27, (lunar calendar May 18), 1869, which marked the end of the Boshin War.

A few core members, such as Nagakura Shinpachi, Saitō Hajime, and Shimada Kai survived the war. Some members, such as Takagi Teisaku, went on to become prominent figures.

Monument
In 1875, Nagakura Shinpachi, with the help of the physician Matsumoto Ryōjun and several surviving former comrades including Saitō Hajime among others, erected the monument for Kondō Isami, Hijikata Toshizō, and the fallen comrades of the  at Jutoku-ji temple boundary known as Graves of  in Itabashi, Tokyo and held requiems for their past comrades' souls.

In popular culture
During the Meiji (1868–1912) and Taisho (1912–1926) periods, the Shinsengumi were generally unpopular. At that time, the Japanese considered the Meiji Restoration a great achievement and regarded the current system centered around Satsuma and Choshu as just. Therefore, the Shinsengumi were perceived as a foolish group resisting the Meiji Restoration. This prevailing notion began to change with Kan Shimozawa's novel "Shinsengumi Shimatsuki" (1928). Furthermore, after World War II, there was a reevaluation of history among the Japanese. Ryōtarō Shiba's novel "Moeyo Ken" (1964) gained popularity, spreading empathy towards the way of life of the Shinsengumi. Today, the Shinsengumi is depicted and beloved by people through various media such as novels, movies, dramas, anime, and more.

 * The have often been adapted in television drama, for example  (, its birth to end) (TBS, 1961); and  (NTV, 1967). In 2004, the Japanese television broadcaster NHK made a year-long television drama series following the history of the, called , which aired on Sunday evenings.
 * An early film, The Legend of  (1963) was based on a 1928 novel of the same name.
 * In 1969, a full-length film,  Assassins of Honour, starring Toshiro Mifune was released. It depicted the rise and fall of the.
 * The main characters of Space Battleship Yamato (宇宙戦艦ヤマト) were named after the Shinsengumi.
 * The 1999 film Taboo depicted the  one year after the Ikedaya affair. The film shows the 's strict code and acceptance of homosexuality among the samurai members.
 * In 2003, a Japanese samurai drama, When the Last Sword Is Drawn, depicted the end of the, focusing on various historical figures such as Saitō Hajime.
 * Manga artist Nobuhiro Watsuki is a self-proclaimed fan of the and many of his characters in  are based on its members, including Sagara Sanosuke (inspired by Harada Sanousuke); Shinomori Aoshi (modeled after Hijikata Toshizō); Seta Sōjirō (based on Okita Souji); and Saitō Hajime.
 * The 2003 manga, or Goodbye  by Kenji Morita depicted the life of Hijikata Toshizō. The manga  presents a fictional tale of a girl joining the  in disguise and falling in love with Okita Soji.
 * The manga Peacemaker Kurogane by Nanae Chrono is a historical fiction taking place during the end of the Tokugawa period, following a young boy. Ichimura Tetsunosuke, who tries to join the.
 * The anime series Soar High! Isami features three 5th graders who are fictional descendants of the and they fight against the evil organization, the Black Goblin.
 * The game series/anime series/anime movie franchise (, lit. 'Demon of the Fleeting Blossom: The Mysterious Tale of the') follows a girl, looking for her lost father (a doctor who worked with the ). The premise mixes supernatural elements and fictional enemies and historical events. The  characters are fictionalized adaptations of the real members and retain their real names throughout the show.
 * (2015) is a free-to-play collectible card browser video game developed by Nitroplus and DMM Games. It has spawned multiple different anime series, (2016) and  (2018), both for a younger audience, as well as the more sophisticated  (2017). In the  universe, the legendary swords, spears, and guns of famous warriors from Japan's feudal past are granted human form and come to life in a swashbuckling historical adventure. The swords of  heroes like Okita Souji, Hijikata Toshizo, and Isami Kondo are featured. One of the most prominent characters in  is Hijikata's long sword, which bore the name Izuminokami Kanesada.
 * The 2004 video game, which was developed by Genki and published by Konami, is based on the.
 * In March 2012, a stand-alone expansion for Total War: Shogun 2 set during the Boshin War was released. Fall of the Samurai features the as recruitable agents used for assassination and bribery, and as an elite combat unit capable of fighting both at range and in melee.
 * Moeyo Ken is a video game and also an anime series about girl members of the.
 * ("Burn My Sword") is the name of a famous 1964 novel by Ryōtarō Shiba about the Boshin War (1868 to 1869 CE) from the point of view of Hijikata Toshizō. It is regarded by fans as the 'bible' of  fiction and was the first literary work to focus on Hijikata; previously,  stories tended to focus on the commander Isami Kondo. Shiba also published short stories about the . His  fiction has not yet been translated into English; it is available in Japanese and Chinese.
 * Japanese television period drama was broadcast on TV Asahi in 1998.
 * The appear in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as one of two teams players can side with during the GUDAGUDA 2: Meiji Restoration event. Members of this team include Servant versions of Okita Souji and Hijikata Toshizo, which are both limited Servants.  is also the name of Toshizo's Noble Phantasm, which gets much stronger as his HP gets lower. Furthermore, in GUDAGUDA 5: Yamanataikoku, servant versions of 3 other members, Saitou Hajime, Keisuke Yamanami and Serizawa Kamo, are introduced, with Saitou Hajime and Keisuke Yamanami being currently playable.
 * The feature heavily in the plot of the 2014 video game . In this game, main protagonist Sakamoto Ryoma, a 19th-century doppelgänger of main series protagonist Kazuma Kiryu, becomes the group's third unit captain under the alias of Saito Hajime.
 * The appears in the app . Players are confrontations to  members by Koi Koi.
 * In the manga Golden Kamuy and its anime adaptation, Hijikata appears as the leader of one of the contending groups trying to locate a cache of gold on Hokkaido soon after the Russo-Japanese War. He would have been in his seventies at the time the story takes place.
 * The manga and anime Gintama features its own alternate reality version of the Shinsengumi as regular characters, including members with surnames such as Kondo, Hijikata, and Okita.
 * In 2024, Toei produced a television drama based on the 1963 Shinsengumi manga by Osamu Tezuka titled: With You I Bloom: The Shinsengumi Youth Chronicle starring Oku Tomoya and Maeda Kentaro in the leads. The story revolves around two fictional Shinsengumi soldiers Fukakusa Kyujuro and Kamagiri Daisaku. After his father is killed at the hands of the choshu, Kyujuro joins the Shinsengumi to improve his sword skills and avenge his death. At the entrance exam, he meets Daisaku, a promising newcomer with excellent sword skills. Although the two develop a passionate friendship, they are at the mercy of the times and are destined to have to kill each other. This drama also features fictional versions of historical figures such as Kondo Isami, Hijikata Toshizo, Okita Soji, Harada Sanosuke, Saito Hajime, Serizawa Kamo and Sakamoto Ryoma.

title: Shinsengumi


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Neighborhood Story

Neighborhood Story (ご近所物語) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ai Yazawa. It was serialized by Shueisha's manga magazine Ribon from 1995 to 1997, with its chapters collected in seven  volumes. The manga has been licensed for English release in North America by Viz Media.

A 50-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Toei Animation, was broadcast on TV Asahi from September 1995 to September 1996. An anime film was released in March 1996.

Story
Mikako Kōda is an aspiring fashion designer who attends Yazawa Art Academy in Tokyo and is slowly building up her clothing brand, Happy Berry. Having been childhood friends with her neighbor, Tsutomu Yamaguchi, since infancy, Mikako reassesses her once-platonic feelings for him when he suddenly becomes popular at school due to his resemblance to the singer Ken Nakagawa and begins dating Mariko, a popular and attractive girl.

Main characters

 * Mikako Kouda (幸田 実果子)
 * Mikako is driven by her dream of becoming a fashion designer and having all the stores sell her handiwork under the brand name "Happy Berry". Mikako is at her most conspicuous when she is inspired or in a stormy mood for one reason or another. The former earns her the admiration of her classmates while the latter incenses her teacher Ms. Hamada who thinks nothing of keeping her after school to revise her clumsy handiwork. Mikako has a ferocious rivalry with Mariko who she fears will wield Tsutomu to his detriment along with unrealistic expectations of Tsutomu that leads to a very vivacious and adversarial discourse that often inflames matters on many occasions.
 * Mikako is driven by her dream of becoming a fashion designer and having all the stores sell her handiwork under the brand name "Happy Berry". Mikako is at her most conspicuous when she is inspired or in a stormy mood for one reason or another. The former earns her the admiration of her classmates while the latter incenses her teacher Ms. Hamada who thinks nothing of keeping her after school to revise her clumsy handiwork. Mikako has a ferocious rivalry with Mariko who she fears will wield Tsutomu to his detriment along with unrealistic expectations of Tsutomu that leads to a very vivacious and adversarial discourse that often inflames matters on many occasions.

 * Tsutomu Yamaguchi (山口 ツトム)
 * Unlike his fiery friend and next-door neighbor Mikako, Tsutomu is somewhat equivocal in regards what he wishes to do with his life as he synthesizes abstract art from odds and ends that he has found here and there but not his feelings about Mikako as his prologue is rife with instances where he has interceded on her behalf or otherwise come to her rescue. Tsutomu follows Mikako's lead in forming the street market club Akindo while seeming to operate according to the proverb "Keep moving forward by doing your best in the moment." Unfortunately, as much of a chivalrous knight as he has been that has long embraced being in love with Mikako, Tsutomu is not perfect. Tsutomu's eerie corporeal similarity to the Manbou lead singer Ken Nakagawa from Tenshi Nanka Ja Nai has caused several fangirls mistaking him for the musician and fanatically accosting him for an autograph, being given a love letter, or being chased around all over the place. In addition to being frightened of Mikako forcing him to forego the world and the rest of his life, Tsutomu also has a very accommodating »aim to please« personality that affords easy coercion/manipulation (or in Mariko's case, seduction). Tsutomu's chaotic conduct often frustrates Mikako into prosecuting a fierce adversarial divergent concourse that has led to several impulsive comments about which neither adolescent is really sincere.
 * Unlike his fiery friend and next-door neighbor Mikako, Tsutomu is somewhat equivocal in regards what he wishes to do with his life as he synthesizes abstract art from odds and ends that he has found here and there but not his feelings about Mikako as his prologue is rife with instances where he has interceded on her behalf or otherwise come to her rescue. Tsutomu follows Mikako's lead in forming the street market club Akindo while seeming to operate according to the proverb "Keep moving forward by doing your best in the moment." Unfortunately, as much of a chivalrous knight as he has been that has long embraced being in love with Mikako, Tsutomu is not perfect. Tsutomu's eerie corporeal similarity to the Manbou lead singer Ken Nakagawa from Tenshi Nanka Ja Nai has caused several fangirls mistaking him for the musician and fanatically accosting him for an autograph, being given a love letter, or being chased around all over the place. In addition to being frightened of Mikako forcing him to forego the world and the rest of his life, Tsutomu also has a very accommodating »aim to please« personality that affords easy coercion/manipulation (or in Mariko's case, seduction). Tsutomu's chaotic conduct often frustrates Mikako into prosecuting a fierce adversarial divergent concourse that has led to several impulsive comments about which neither adolescent is really sincere.

Akindo members

 * Risa Kanzaki (神崎 リサ)
 * Mikako's best female friend, Risa comes from Hokkaido and her dream is to design children's clothes. She lives with her boyfriend Takeshi, a guitarist for a local band, and is Mikako's biggest supporter as well as (later in the series) the mother of Arashi whose best friend is George from Paradise Kiss.
 * Mikako's best female friend, Risa comes from Hokkaido and her dream is to design children's clothes. She lives with her boyfriend Takeshi, a guitarist for a local band, and is Mikako's biggest supporter as well as (later in the series) the mother of Arashi whose best friend is George from Paradise Kiss.

 * Mai Oota (太田 麻衣)
 * Also known as P, she is a friend of Mikako and Risa's. Mai wears Lolita-style clothing and always carries her stuffed animal Pucci Francois with her. She makes stuffed animals to sell at Akindo and falls for Seiji.
 * Also known as P, she is a friend of Mikako and Risa's. Mai wears Lolita-style clothing and always carries her stuffed animal Pucci Francois with her. She makes stuffed animals to sell at Akindo and falls for Seiji.

 * Jiro Nishino (西野 ジロー)
 * Has purple hair and always wears sunglasses, though Mikako gets to see his eyes during the last volume of the manga. He is close friends with Tsutomu and Yuusuke and is a computer programmer that creates various computer games.
 * Has purple hair and always wears sunglasses, though Mikako gets to see his eyes during the last volume of the manga. He is close friends with Tsutomu and Yuusuke and is a computer programmer that creates various computer games.

 * Yuusuke Tashiro (田代 勇介)
 * Tsutomu's best friend, Yuusuke studies painting at Yazawa (although half-heartedly) and has feelings for Mariko. He is very gruff, but has a good heart and rides a motorcycle.
 * Tsutomu's best friend, Yuusuke studies painting at Yazawa (although half-heartedly) and has feelings for Mariko. He is very gruff, but has a good heart and rides a motorcycle.

Kouda family

 * Miwako Sakurada (櫻田 実和子)
 * Miwako is spawned as a result of her parents finally seeing the light in regards to their childish conduct and how it adversely affects Mikako. Miwako does not get to begin her postnatal life until Paradise Kiss, whose inception is several years after Neighborhood Story.

 * Ruriko Kouda (幸田 留里子)
 * Although she is Mikako's mother, Ruriko often acts more like a co-dependent elder sister than a mother whose irresponsibility forces Mikako to maintain their home life by herself. Ruriko is often seen sleeping the morning away after all-night deadline crunches due to her job as a shoujo manga author.
 * Although she is Mikako's mother, Ruriko often acts more like a co-dependent elder sister than a mother whose irresponsibility forces Mikako to maintain their home life by herself. Ruriko is often seen sleeping the morning away after all-night deadline crunches due to her job as a shoujo manga author.

 * Hirohiko Sakurada (櫻田 広彦)
 * Considering the conduct he demonstrates with his daughter and the sometimes erratic hours photographers like him are required to keep, Hirohiko's divorce from Ruriko when Mikako was young was probably caused by both Hirohiko and Ruriko growing apart because they failed to do the work necessary to maintain their marriage. Fortunately, Hirohiko comes back onto the scene and does the work alongside Ruriko necessary for the two eventually reconcile and remarry. Hirohiko is also a crucial force for Tsutomu deciding what to do with his life.
 * Considering the conduct he demonstrates with his daughter and the sometimes erratic hours photographers like him are required to keep, Hirohiko's divorce from Ruriko when Mikako was young was probably caused by both Hirohiko and Ruriko growing apart because they failed to do the work necessary to maintain their marriage. Fortunately, Hirohiko comes back onto the scene and does the work alongside Ruriko necessary for the two eventually reconcile and remarry. Hirohiko is also a crucial force for Tsutomu deciding what to do with his life.

Nakasu family

 * Mariko Nakasu (中須 茉莉子)
 * Nicknamed “Body Ko” for her usual, sultry appearance. She is popular at school and has had many boyfriends, but admits she is tired of dating men who only want her for sex. She is in love with her childhood friend from Yokohama, Shuuichi. After going out with Tsutomu for a short amount of time, she begin a volatile relationship with Yuusuke which lasts for almost the whole length of the series.
 * She later marries her Shuuichi, and has a son.
 * She later marries her Shuuichi, and has a son.

 * Shintarou Nakasu (中須 新太郎)
 * Body Ko's little brother, he sculpts dolls and sports dreadlocks (much to Mariko's chagrin). He studies ceramics and gives his sister advice, though she does not want to hear it most of the time.
 * Body Ko's little brother, he sculpts dolls and sports dreadlocks (much to Mariko's chagrin). He studies ceramics and gives his sister advice, though she does not want to hear it most of the time.

Other characters

 * Hamada (浜田)
 * Ms. Hamada is the strict teacher of the fashion design and sewing lab classes at Yazawa that has no qualms about detaining a student after school for inattentive or clumsy handiwork -- a trap that Mikako often instigates when she is upset for one reason or another. Strangely enough, Mikako is not sent packing by Ms. Hamada's abrasive personality or having her handiwork harshly appraised and even goes so far as to identify clumsy textile handiwork that would instigate an after-school detention at Ms. Hamada's hands. She was also the professor for Seiji and the cast of Paradise Kiss.
 * Ms. Hamada is the strict teacher of the fashion design and sewing lab classes at Yazawa that has no qualms about detaining a student after school for inattentive or clumsy handiwork -- a trap that Mikako often instigates when she is upset for one reason or another. Strangely enough, Mikako is not sent packing by Ms. Hamada's abrasive personality or having her handiwork harshly appraised and even goes so far as to identify clumsy textile handiwork that would instigate an after-school detention at Ms. Hamada's hands. She was also the professor for Seiji and the cast of Paradise Kiss.

 * Noriji Sunami (陶波 法司)
 * Noriji is the old-fashioned but well-intentioned manager of the apartment complex where Mikako and Tsutomu live. It is his good-natured teasing that inspires the epiphany as to the metamorphosis in their mutual feelings that Mikako and Tsutomu undergo throughout the series. Noriji also has a bit of a crush on Ruriko and demonstrates an almost paternal concern when Mikako's status is unknown.
 * Noriji is the old-fashioned but well-intentioned manager of the apartment complex where Mikako and Tsutomu live. It is his good-natured teasing that inspires the epiphany as to the metamorphosis in their mutual feelings that Mikako and Tsutomu undergo throughout the series. Noriji also has a bit of a crush on Ruriko and demonstrates an almost paternal concern when Mikako's status is unknown.

 * Ayumi Oikawa (及川 歩)
 * Tsutomu's classmate who owns the shed where the group creates Akindo's headquarters and she creates large, abstract 3-D sculptures. She likes Yuusuke and admires his paintings, but she is jealous of his relationship with Mariko. She later marries Yuusuke (which then makes her Ayumi Toshiro), and she is last seen pregnant with his child.
 * Tsutomu's classmate who owns the shed where the group creates Akindo's headquarters and she creates large, abstract 3-D sculptures. She likes Yuusuke and admires his paintings, but she is jealous of his relationship with Mariko. She later marries Yuusuke (which then makes her Ayumi Toshiro), and she is last seen pregnant with his child.

 * Hiroaki Tokumori (徳森 浩昭)
 * Owns a bar which is frequented by the characters who live in Mikako's apartment complex. Father of (later in the series) Hiroyuki Tokumori from Paradise Kiss. Initially considered an 'older-brother' type figure to Miwako, his role is late replaced by Seiji.
 * Owns a bar which is frequented by the characters who live in Mikako's apartment complex. Father of (later in the series) Hiroyuki Tokumori from Paradise Kiss. Initially considered an 'older-brother' type figure to Miwako, his role is late replaced by Seiji.

 * Seiji Kisaragi (如月 星次)
 * A “sparkling foreigner” who applies for the job of manga assistant for Mikako's mother. He is saving up money to study abroad. He used to go to Yazawa for fashion, but dropped out when he realized that his passion was in hairstyling. He becomes a close friend of Mikako's and appears in Paradise Kiss.

 * Shuuji Araya (新谷 修司)
 * Mariko's childhood friend from Yokohama. He has a girlfriend when first introduced. He later breaks up with her, and the series ends with Mariko and him married, with a son.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Ai Yazawa, Neighborhood Story was serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine Ribon from the February 1995 to the October 1997 issues. Shueisha collected its chapters in seven volumes, released from October 13, 1995, to April 15, 1998. The series was republished in a four-volume edition in 2005, and a five-volume  edition in 2011.

In North America, the manga has been licensed for English release by Viz Media. The first volume was released on December 5, 2023.

Anime
A 50-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Toei Animation, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation and Asatsu-DK, was broadcast on TV Asahi from September 10, 1995, to September 1, 1996. It was directed by Atsutoshi Umezawa, with Aya Matsui handling series composition, Yoshihiko Umakoshi designing the characters and Masahiro Kawasaki composing the music. The opening theme is "He.Ro.I.Ne", the first ending theme is "Don't You Know?!" and the second ending theme is "NG!", all sung by Rumi Shishido. A DVD box set containing all episodes was released on September 28, 2005.

A 30-minute anime film premiered on March 2, 1996. It is an alternate retelling of the beginning of the series.

Reception
Viz Media's English release has been nominated for the Japan Society and Anime NYC's first American Manga Awards in the Best New Edition of Classic Manga Series category in 2024.

title: Neighborhood Story


text:
Carlos Alazraqui

Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American actor, best known for his role as Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911! and for his voice acting roles. His extensive voice-over work includes the original voice of Spyro from Spyro the Dragon; Shameless O’Scanty, Leslie P. Lilylegs, Elliott Sampson and Tad Tucker on New Looney Tunes; the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials; Denzel Crocker, Juandissimo Magnifico, and Sheldon Dinkleberg on The Fairly OddParents; Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life; Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants; Lazlo, Clam, and other characters on Camp Lazlo; Rikochet in ¡Mucha Lucha!; Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera; Carlos Casagrande, Sergio, Vito, and other characters in the franchise of The Loud House; Mr. Weed in Family Guy; and the Disney character Panchito Pistoles since 2001. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show.

Early life
Carlos Jaime Alazraqui was born in Yonkers, New York on July 20, 1962, to Argentine parents. He has Sephardic Jewish heritage from his father. His mother was a Methodist minister. He moved with his family to Concord, California, at an early age. Alazraqui graduated from Concord High School. He attended college at California State University, Sacramento from 1982 to 1986, where he began competing in open mic contests. After winning in his fourth year, Alazraqui took his prize money and moved to Los Angeles.

Stand-up comedy
Alazraqui originally began his career in stand-up comedy, he was the winner of the San Francisco Comedy Competition in 1993. He beat out fellow comedians Marc Maron and Patton Oswalt.

In addition, Alazraqui joined Miller's Sexy Liberal Comedy Tour in 2014, playing some of the dates with Ward and he has a semi-regular segment on Miller's radio show Coffee with Carlos.

Film and television
Alazraqui is known for his live-action work in Reno 911!, in which he portrayed Deputy James Garcia for five seasons (2003–08). He played the same role in the series' 2007 spinoff film Reno 911! Miami. As a nod to this role, he also played a "bumbling" Reno cop in the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode "Let it Bleed". He has been a celebrity on the Tom Bergeron version of Hollywood Squares.

Alazraqui also wrote and starred in The Last White Dishwasher, a short film.

In 2020, Alazraqui reprised his role as Deputy James Oswaldo Garcia in the seventh season of Reno 911! which aired on Quibi. He also appeared in the 2021 Paramount+ movie, ''Reno 911! The Hunt for QAnon''. The eighth season of the series, now titled ''Reno 911! Defunded'', premiered on The Roku Channel in February 2022.

He reprised his role as Denzel Crocker in The Fairly OddParents: Fairly Odder, a live-action sequel to The Fairly OddParents, which premiered on Paramount+ in March 2022.

Voice acting
Alazraqui has performed several voices for Nickelodeon cartoons, including Rocko on Rocko's Modern Life, as well as Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Winslow T. Oddfellow and Lube on CatDog, and Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants. He also voiced several additional voices for the Cartoon Network shows, Cow and Chicken, Kidscity: The Village Dome of Kids, and I Am Weasel during their runs in the mid-late 1990s. He also voiced Spyro in Spyro the Dragon. He was later replaced by Tom Kenny as Spyro in Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!, Spyro: Year of the Dragon and Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly. In 1997, he voiced Crash Bandicoot in promotional trailers for the game Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, also switching out live performances as him with Tom Kenny at E3 1997. He also voiced the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Rikochet in the first two seasons of ¡Mucha Lucha! and Mr. Weed (the head of the "Happy Go Lucky" toy factory) on Family Guy. It is mentioned in the DVD commentary track that Alazraqui was reluctant to leave Family Guy. In particular, Seth MacFarlane suggests that the death of Alazraqui's character took the actor by surprise. He also voiced Dr. Julius No in GoldenEye: Rogue Agent.

In 2005, he added the voices for two Cartoon Network series: The Life and Times of Juniper Lee where he played Monroe, a guardian dog with a Scottish accent and three characters in Camp Lazlo: Lazlo, Clam and Chef McMuesli. In 2006, he added Salty Mike from Squirrel Boy and Walden in Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! on Nick Jr. to his credits. He played Wisk in Glen Hill's 2000 film version of L. Frank Baum's The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus. He also provided the voice of Nestor in the Happy Feet films. He has also voiced the Hanna-Barbera characters Baba Looey, Mudsy the Funky Phantom, and Loopy De Loop in modern appearances.

Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, a storyboard writer for Rocko's Modern Life, described Alazraqui's normal voice as bearing "no accent at all". Marsh describes Alazraqui's "Scottish accent" as "one of the best" and that he performs his other accents as "all very well". According to Marsh, Alazraqui uses various accents in his comedy routines. He had worked for the Disney Channel on Handy Manny, where he provided the voice for Felipe, the bilingual Phillips-head screwdriver and for Abuelito, Manny's grandfather. He was the original "voice guy" on the Stephanie Miller Show, later being replaced by Jim Ward, who had previously substituted for him. In January 2008, Alazraqui returned to fill in briefly while Ward recovered from surgery. In 2014, he voiced Mesmo and Torts in Mixels. He voices Tio Tortuga in Sheriff Callie's Wild West.

In 2023, Alazraqui joined the cast of The Case of the Greater Gatsby, a noir parody podcast produced by Shipwrecked Comedy, playing a singing cowboy actor in 1940s Hollywood. The show also features his Fairly Odder co-stars Lesli Margherita and Mary Kate Wiles (Wiles is also a producer). The show premiered on July 26, 2023.

Web
In 2009, he collaborated with Ted Nicolaou on the web series The Club, which was released in November 2010. The series features Jill-Michele Meleán, Debra Wilson, Johnny A. Sanchez, Lori Alan, and Daran Norris.

In 2013, Alazraqui starred as a drug dealer in one episode of the Melinda Hill web series Romantic Encounters.

Personal life
Alazraqui resides in Los Angeles, California, with his wife and two daughters. One daughter, Rylee, is a voice actor as well. Rylee is the voice of Rohk-Tahk in the Paramount+ series Star Trek: Prodigy.

Awards and nominations

 * 2012 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated
 * 2015 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated
 * 2016 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated
 * 2017 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show: Ponce de León - Won
 * 2022 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie - Reno 911!: The Hunt for QAnon - Nominated

title: Carlos Alazraqui