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User talk:Daveb

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Indoor football
That is a good disambig. I think that the article has had something like that before in the past and then it got stripped by some Americo-centric type (probably of the same mindset as those who go through Amercianizing the spelling of everything, even in articles on largely-European topics like NATO). This sort of thing is very important to Wikipedia's credibility, so keep up the good work~ Rlquall 10:50, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Football
I noticed you've made a lot of edits to football articles and wondered if you'd like to join WikiProject Football. It's still new and there isn't a lot happening yet, but we're hoping to get things like a football collaboration of the (week/fortnight/whatever) going soon. - Forbsey 19:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Macau philately
You added a cleanup tag to Postage stamps and postal history of Macau, which I considered to be basically a finished article, without any comment whatsoever as to what you thought its problems might be. If you don't come up with any substantive reason for the tag, I'm going to remove it. Stan 07:44, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The content of the article may be finished, but the article requires formatting to bring it into line with the Manual of Style (e.g. bolding the active term in the lead section). Subheadings would also make it more readable. --Daveb 07:52, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Does the ' key on your keyboard not work or something? If that's your objection, it would have been faster to add those than the tag. If you look at the other articles of this type, you'll notice that mindlessly bolding doesn't look that great anyway, which is why it's a style manual rather than a policy manual. Stan 08:00, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No need to be defensive. Wikipedia is a collaborative work, and marking for clean-up simply serves to bring people together to improve an article. The article could do with some cleaning-up, and I am not an expert in the content area, so I labelled it for clean-up to bring other people in to help. Let your ego take a tiny hit in the interest of improving the article. --Daveb 08:04, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Save
Hi Dave. I can't agree with you on your use of however, but I will defer to your opinion on the word save. If you don't think it belongs where I put it, can you suggest where it should be explained? It just seemed wrong to me that the word did not appear anywhere in the article. Did you have a specific GK (General Knowledge?) article in mind, or are you suggesting that we need to create one? Best wishes, --Heron 13:18, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Heron,
 * Thanks for your message. Perhaps the use of "however" relates to different styles of English?
 * The article is currently very much based on the Laws of the Game and doesn't have much on parts of play (saves, tackles, passes, etc), set plays, strategies, etc. I think it would be great to have some information on these somewhere in the football (soccer) family of articles. At present there is a generic article Goalkeeper; perhaps we should form a sport-specific article (Goalkeeper (football) would be in keeping with the style of a number of football-related articles) in which information on aspects of goalkeeping could be placed. What do you think?
 * Cheers, --Daveb 11:12, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree that goalies need an article of their own, although perhaps Goalkeeper (soccer) or Goalkeeper (Association football) would be better than Goalkeeper (football). Actually, putting on my Mr Logic hat, it really ought to be Goalkeeper (football (soccer)) to be consistent, but I'm not going to recommend this!  You could cut down the 'Goalkeeper' section in the Football (soccer) positions article and replace it with a link to the new article. By the way, I'm not going to be able to help you write this article, as my expertise doesn't go much beyond knowing what "save" means. --Heron 12:19, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Most articles on the sport are in the format of "Football (soccer) XYZ" or "ZYZ (football)". This seems to work well, especially when there is no need to disambig from another major form of football, as is the case here. Cheers, --Daveb 08:44, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Football terminology
I noticed you put a REDIRECT on Football Terminology with the reasoning that Wikipedia isn't a dictionary. My thoughts on the page were for it to be like the many terminology/glossary pages currently existing in Wikipedia such as Chess_terminology or List_of_blogging_terms. I think the Football terminology warrants its own page (and the terms can easily be translated), although it would obviously need more contributions. Those are my 2 cents. :) Let me know what you think. Gflores Talk 17:49, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Gflores,
 * Almost by definition a glossary is a list of dictionary terms. Elements of the football vocabulary (football terminology) which have associated encyclopaedic knowledge already have their own articles, and these articles are well referenced by the terminology category. Just because Chess has a glossary (which may well have predated the category system) doesn't mean football needs one.
 * Cheers, --Daveb 09:12, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Football World Cup move
As a regular contributor to football articles you may wish to vote as talk:Football World Cup Jooler 10:37, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Penalty Shoot out section
Hello Dave, you have edited (or rather removed!) my additions to the penalty shoot out article. Namely the following section

"Of these, aside from the away goals rule the only one that has been previous used was endless replays for example in the English FA Cup and this was eventually abandoned due to time constraints in a season and complaints from local police forces that it did not allow them enough notice to provide sufficient officers to effectively police a replayed game."

your rationale is that this belongs in the English FA page. This I do not agree with. The point here is that for opponents of penalty shoot outs the most widely supported alternative seems to be endless replays and the English example is a classic example of the problem of having endless replays. ie why penalty shoot outs are preferred! Thus it is very relevant to the penalty shoot out article as it highlights exactly why penalties are used instead of replays and is much less relevant at all to the English FA article.

With regards to the following section which was removed

"A second criticism is that some have suggested that it has encoraged weaker teams to play for a draw, preferring to stake their chances on penalty shoot outs than "open play." Critics highlighted games such as the 1986 European Cup final between Steaua Buchurest and Barcelona, where Steaua were perceived to have relied on penalties to win."

This is no more POV than reporting that some have suggested that "it is a lottery" as this is also POV. A very common criticism especially after the World Cup of 1990 and the 1986 and 1991 European cup finals was that some teams played for penalties rather than risk conceding goals from open play and this led to the later golden and silver goal experiments.

Furthermore I think that endless sudden death or maybe ongoing sudden death covers the suggestion better than "ongoing extra time"

I'd be grateful if you could reconsider your edits :) Valenciano 10:46, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Valenciano,
 * Thanks for your message.
 * You are right about including the FA Cup information; it is relevant to the article. I will reinstate this. However, unless Unless there is a reference available for the reasons for the abandonment of the approach ("due to time constraints in a season and complaints from local police forces") then we can't really include it: WP:Verify.
 * The section on the "second criticism" is probably OK, but unless you can provide a reference it will be neccessary to leave out the examples of teams you listed. I will leave this up to you to word best.
 * Regarding "ongoing extra time" over "endless sudden death or maybe ongoing sudden death", I prefer the former as "sudden death" is not a term used in the laws and there is an article on extra time. I will wikilink the term to help readers.
 * Cheers, --Daveb 11:20, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The section on the "second criticism" is probably OK, but unless you can provide a reference it will be neccessary to leave out the examples of teams you listed. I will leave this up to you to word best.
 * Regarding "ongoing extra time" over "endless sudden death or maybe ongoing sudden death", I prefer the former as "sudden death" is not a term used in the laws and there is an article on extra time. I will wikilink the term to help readers.
 * Cheers, --Daveb 11:20, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Cheers, --Daveb 11:20, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Cheers, --Daveb 11:20, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Futsal in Australia
Hi Dave,

I just wanted to explain a few things since I was the creator of the original Futsal in Australia page.

I play in a league run by Vikings Futsal (in Tasmania). As it is (or was at the time) the most prominent Futsal association in Australia, I mentioned it on the Futsal in Australia page. On researching I was looking around their site and found that although they were FIFA-sanctioned, they weren't FFA-sanctioned. I also couldn't find any links to the Vikings pages on Soccer Tasmania (now Football Federation Tasmania)'s page.

I had a look at this document (.doc format) on the Vikings page. A curious comment is:

What Is Their Relationship With Football?

''Vikings Futsal has applied for affiliation with Football/Soccer bodies in all areas they operate in. Some have embraced us and some haven’t. Our attitude is that we simply want to develop and deliver the sport of Futsal and that we are the ones with the expertise and experience to do so. While Football bodies still decide what relationship they really want with the sport of futsal, we are moving quickly and efficiently carrying out the job. '' This seems like a roundabout way of saying that they are not sanctioned by FFA.

I also found this news report on the Vikings site mentioning a Qantas Futsalroo player.

I had planned to look into it more and fix things up, but hadn't got around to it. After the edits you made today I had another look. this page says that FIFA declared that national football bodies are responsible for futsal in their country. A link down the bottom, to www.qldfutsal.com.au, goes to the Vikings Futsal page!

It all seems very messy, and I think the only way to get a clear answer is by contacting FFA/Vikings themselves! -- Chuq 02:54, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Chuq,
 * Thanks for your message.
 * From what I can gather, Viking are an organisation who run futsal competitions. Whether or not they run them on behalf of one/some State football authorities I am not sure; likewise I can't readily tell whom they have official affiliation with. I don't think the wikipedia article really needs to devote too much attention to them, as it would be better off focussing on the bigger picture.
 * Cheers, --Daveb 08:58, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Team sports
Have you discussed and reached majority for the removal of this useful template ? If not please stop (Gnevin 23:06, 26 January 2007 (UTC))

 * I am being bold on this one. This is wikipedia. --Daveb 06:42, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * While WP:Bold mean your not wrong to remove this template i disagree with its removal and would request you discuss this some where before continueing (Gnevin 09:00, 1 February 2007 (UTC))

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title: User talk:Daveb


text:
User:Namlemez

I could put something interesting here but I'm not that interesting of a person.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Namlemez


text:
User talk:Namlemez

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Meelar 04:51, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

authors: Template namespace initialisation script

title: User talk:Namlemez


text:
Passion

Passion, the Passion or the Passions may refer to:

Emotion

 * Passion (emotion), a very strong feeling about a person or thing
 * Passions (philosophy), emotional states as used in philosophical discussions
 * Stoic passions, various forms of emotional suffering in Stoicism

Suffering of Jesus

 * Passion of Jesus, the suffering of Jesus leading up to and during the crucifixion
 * Passion (music), musical setting of the texts describing these events
 * Passion Play, dramatic representation of these events
 * Passion Sunday, the second Sunday before Easter
 * Passion Conferences, Christian organization

People

 * Pasion, ancient Greek slave and banker
 * Passion Richardson (born 1975), American former sprint athlete

Books

 * "The Passion" (Milton), 17th-century poem by John Milton
 * The Passions an 18th-century poem by William Collins
 * Passion, (in Italian, Fosca), 1869 novel by Iginio Ugo Tarchetti
 * Passion Play (play) or Passion, 1981 play by Peter Nichols
 * Passion: An Essay on Personality, 1984 book by Roberto Unger
 * The Passion (novel), 1987 novel by Jeanette Winterson
 * Passion (manga), 2004 Japanese yaoi manga series
 * Passion (novel), 2011 young adult fantasy novel by Lauren Kate

Film

 * Passion (1919 film), alternative title for Ernst Lubitsch's silent film Madame DuBarry
 * Passion (1925 film), directed by Richard Eichberg
 * Passion (1932 film), directed by Hiroshi Shimizu
 * Passion (1940 film), a German drama film
 * Passion (1951 film), a French drama film directed by Georges Lampin
 * Passion (1954 film), American film directed by Allan Dwan
 * En passion or The Passion of Anna, 1969, written and directed by Ingmar Bergman
 * Passion (1982 film), directed by Jean-Luc Godard
 * Passions (1984 film), starring Lindsay Wagner
 * Passion (1986 film), a Hong Kong film directed by and starring Sylvia Chang
 * Passions (1994 film), directed by Kira Muratova
 * Passion (1996 film), a filmed staging of the original Broadway cast of the musical by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine
 * Passion (1998 film), directed by György Fehér
 * Passion (1999 film), about pianist and composer Percy Grainger
 * The Passion of the Christ, 2004 film directed by Mel Gibson
 * Passion (2005 film), by director Mohammad Malas
 * Passion (2009 film), a Turkish LGBT film by Emre Yalgı
 * Passion (2012 film), a film by Brian De Palma

Television

 * "Passion" (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), 1998 episode of the fantasy-horror series
 * The Passion (TV series), 1999 British TV drama series about an amateur production of a passion play
 * Passions, 1999–2008 American soap opera
 * Pasión (TV series), 2007–2008, period Mexican telenovela
 * The Passion (TV serial), 2008 British serial about the last days of Christ
 * "Passion" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), 2009 episode of the American police procedural
 * The Passion (franchise), a huge passion play, held around Easter on the streets of a particular city, initially Netherlands
 * The Passion (Netherlands), a Dutch adaptation that has aired yearly since 2011
 * The Passion: New Orleans, an American 2016 TV special adaptation held in New Orleans

Music

 * Passion 107.9, radio station in Oxfordshire, England
 * Passion Radio, radio station in Sussex, England

Classical compositions

 * Passions (Bach), five settings of the Passion by Johann Sebastian Bach
 * St John Passion, a 1724 setting of the Passion by J. S. Bach
 * St Matthew Passion, 1727 setting of the Passion by Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Passions (C. P. E. Bach), 21 settings of the Passion by C.P.E. Bach
 * The Passion (Haydn) or Symphony No. 49, by Joseph Haydn
 * The Passions, by William Hayes
 * Passion (musical), 1994 musical by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine
 * Passions (Telemann), series of compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann

Bands and performers

 * Passion (New York band), short-lived disco and post-disco music band
 * Passion (worship band), related to Passion Conferences
 * Passion (rapper), former rapper from Oakland, California
 * The Passions (American band), 1960s
 * The Passions (British band), 1978–1983

Albums

 * Passion (Robin Trower album), 1986
 * Passion (Jennifer Rush album), 1988
 * Passion (Peter Gabriel album), 1989
 * Passion – Sources, by Peter Gabriel, 1989
 * Passion (Steve Laury album), 1991
 * Passion (Regina Belle album), 1993
 * Passion (Lady Saw album), 1997
 * Passion (Murray Head album), 2002
 * Passion (J. C. Schütz album), 2004
 * Passion (Lee Jung-hyun album), 2004
 * Passion (Geri Halliwell album), 2005
 * Pasión (Fernando Lima album), 2008
 * Passion (Kreesha Turner album), 2008
 * Passion (In-Grid album), 2010
 * Passion (Anaal Nathrakh album), 2011
 * Passion (Pendragon album), 2011
 * Pasión (Roberto Alagna album), 2011
 * Passione (Andrea Bocelli album), 2013
 * The Passions (album), an album by Les Baxter featuring Bas Sheva

Songs

 * "Passion" (Gat Decor song), 1992
 * "Passion" (Rod Stewart song), 1980
 * "Passion" (The Flirts song), 1982
 * "Passion" (Hikaru Utada song), 2005
 * "P.A.S.S.I.O.N.", by Rythm Syndicate, 1991
 * "Pasión" (song), by Sarah Brightman and Fernando Lima, 2008
 * "La Passion", by Gigi D'Agostino, 1999
 * "Passion", by Amen! UK, 1995
 * "Passion", by Andrea and Otilia featuring Shaggy, 2015
 * "Passion", by 1 Giant Leap from 1 Giant Leap, 2002
 * "The Passion", by Jaden Smith from Syre, 2017
 * "The Passions", by Owen Pallett from In Conflict, 2014
 * "Passion", by All That Remains from This Darkened Heart, 2004

title: Passion


text:
L'Aiglon

L'Aiglon is a play in six acts by Edmond Rostand based on the life of Napoleon II, who was the son of Emperor Napoleon I and his second wife, Empress Marie Louise. The title of the play comes from a nickname for Napoleon II, the French word for "eaglet" (a young eagle).

The title role was created by Sarah Bernhardt in the play's premiere on 15 March 1900 at the Théàtre Sarah Bernhardt. Fashion designer Jacques Doucet designed her famous white costume.

In October of the same year, the play (in an English translation by Louis N. Parker) premiered at New York's Knickerbocker Theatre, with Maude Adams in the title role.

Its first performance in London was at His Majesty's Theatre in 1901, with Bernhardt again playing the leading role. Rostand had written L'Aiglon specifically for Bernhardt, and it became one of her signature roles.

Clemence Dane made an English translation which was broadcast by the BBC on National Radio in 15 November 1936 and regionally the following day. Marius Goring performed the leading role in this production.

Arthur Honegger and Jacques Ibert composed an opera in five acts, also with the title L'Aiglon, to a libretto by Henri Cain, based on Rostand's play. It was first performed at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo in 1937.

title: L'Aiglon


text:
User:Pashute

Pashute - (simple in Hebrew) aka Maotze, MenacheMoishe, Moshe-MezogliPetel and Moshe Flam.

 * Friend and family man, wikiped, learner, inventor, innovator, neuro-researcher, IT expert, transportation industrialist,
 * educator, story-teller, philosopher, musician, composer, environmentalist, practicing Jew, combat officer.

he:user:Pashute

title: User:Pashute


text:
Referee (association football)

In association football, the referee is the person responsible for interpreting and enforcing the Laws of the Game during a match. The referee is the final decision-making authority on all facts connected with play, and is the match official with the authority to start and stop play and impose disciplinary action against players and coaches during a match.

At most levels of play, the referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly known as linesmen), who advise the referee on whether the ball leaves the playing area and any infringements of the Laws of the Game occurring outside of the view of the referee. The final decision on any decision of fact rests with the referee, who has authority to overrule an assistant referee. At higher levels of play, the referee may also be assisted by a fourth official who supervises the teams' technical areas and assists the referee with administrative tasks, and, at the very highest levels, additional assistant referees and/or video assistant referees. Referees and other game officials are licensed and trained by its member national organisations.

Powers and duties
The referee's powers and duties are described by Law 5 of the Laws of the Game. The referee:

 * Overall
 * enforces the Laws of the Game
 * controls the match in cooperation with the other match officials
 * acts as timekeeper, keeps a record of the match and provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, including information on disciplinary action and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match
 * supervises and/or indicates the restart of play

 * Advantage
 * allows play to continue when an offence occurs and the non-offending team will benefit from the advantage, and penalises the offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or within a few seconds

 * Disciplinary action
 * punishes the more serious offence, in terms of sanction, restart, physical severity and tactical impact, when more than one offence occurs at the same time
 * takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and sending-off offences
 * has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including kicks from the penalty mark). If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player commits a sending-off offence, the referee has the authority to prevent the player taking part in the match (see Law 3.6); the referee will report any other misconduct
 * has the power to show yellow or red cards and, where competition rules permit, temporarily dismiss a player, from entering the field of play at the start of the match until after the match has ended, including during the half-time interval, extra time and kicks from the penalty mark
 * takes action against team officials who fail to act in a responsible manner and warns or shows a yellow card for a caution or a red card for a sending-off from the field of play and its immediate surrounds, including the technical area; if the offender cannot be identified, the senior coach present in the technical area will receive the sanction. A medical team official who commits a sending-off offence may remain if the team has no other medical person available, and act if a player needs medical attention
 * acts on the advice of other match officials regarding incidents that the referee has not seen

As well as other various duties and powers described fully in Law 5 of the Laws of the Game, pursuant to current updates.

Regulation
Referees and assistant referees are regulated at a national level. FIFA requires that each national organisation establish a referees committee composed of former officials that has authority over refereeing in that territory. FIFA also mandate that referees pass tests to show sufficient physical fitness and knowledge of the Laws of the Game, as well as an annual medical. Generally, referees are required to have greater experience to officiate higher level matches (see, for example, the multiple tiers of refereeing in England). The most elite officials, those who are permitted to officiate international games, are listed on the FIFA International Referees List.

Kit and equipment

Referees wear a kit distinguishing themselves from the players. Usually this comprises a shirt of a different colour to the players of both teams.

In the early 20th century, referees wore a blazer rather than a shirt similar to that of the players. Traditionally that uniform was almost always all black, unless one of the teams was wearing a very dark shirt in which case the referee would wear another colour (usually red) to distinguish themself from both teams.

At the 1994 World Cup finals, new shirts were introduced that gave officials a choice of burgundy, yellow or white, and at the same time the creation of the Premier League in England saw referees wear green jerseys: both changes were motivated by television considerations. Since then, most referees have worn either yellow or black, but the colours and styles adopted by individual associations vary greatly. For international contests under the supervision of FIFA, Adidas uniforms are worn because Adidas is the current sponsor. FIFA allows referees to wear five colours: black, red, yellow, green and blue. Along with the jersey, referees are required to wear black shorts, black socks (with white stripes in some cases), and black shoes. The badge, which displays the referee's license level and year of validity, is often affixed to the left chest pocket.

All referees carry a whistle, a watch, penalty cards, a data wallet with pen and paper, and a coin for determining which team has the choice of ends or kick-off. Most are encouraged to have more than one of each on them in case they drop a whistle or a pen runs out and so on. Often, referees use two watches so that they can use one to calculate time lost for stoppages for the purposes of added time. At the highest levels, referees wear a full duplex radio with customised headset to communicate between with their assistants, and assistant referees use electronic flags, which send a signal to the referee when a button is pushed. In matches with goal-line technology, referees will have on their person a device to receive the system's alerts.

Whistle
Referees use a whistle to help them control matches. The whistle is sometimes needed to stop, start or restart play but should not be used for all stoppages, starts or restarts. FIFA's Laws of the Game document gives guidance as to when the whistle should and should not be used. Overuse of the whistle is discouraged since, as stated in the Laws, "A whistle which is used too frequently unnecessarily will have less impact when it is needed." The whistle is an important tool for the referee along with verbal, body and eye communication.

Before the introduction of the whistle, referees indicated their decisions by waving a white handkerchief. The whistles that were first adopted by referees were made by Joseph Hudson at Mills Munitions in Birmingham, England. The Acme Whistle Company (based at Mills Munitions Factory) first began to mass-produce pea whistles in the 1870s for the Metropolitan Police Force. It is frequently stated the referee's whistle was first used in a game between Nottingham Forest and Sheffield Norfolk in 1878; however the last such fixture known to have taken place between the two clubs was in 1874. The Nottingham Forest account book of 1872 apparently recorded the purchase of an "umpire's whistle" and in 1928 an article by R M Ruck about his playing days in the early 1870s referred to the use of a whistle by umpires to indicate an infringement.

The whistle was not mentioned in the Laws of the Game until 1936 when an IFAB Decision was added as footnote (b) to Law 2, stating "A Referee's control over the players for misconduct or ungentlemanly behaviour commences from the time he enters the field of play, but his jurisdiction in connection with the Laws of the Game commences from the time he blows his whistle for the game to start."

In 2007, when IFAB greatly expanded the Laws of the Game, an Additional Instructions section became available, which is a full page of advice on how and when the whistle should be used as a communication and control mechanism by the referee.

History
Referees in football were first described by Richard Mulcaster in 1581. In this description of "foteball" he advocates the use of a "judge over the parties". In the modern era, referees are first advocated in English public school football games, notably Eton football in 1845. A match report from Rochdale in 1842 shows their use in a football game between the Bodyguards Club and the Fearnought Club.

In the early years of the codified sport it was assumed that disputes could be adequately settled by discussion between gentlemen players who would never deliberately commit a foul. However, as play became more competitive, the need for officials grew. Initially there existed two umpires, one per team, who could be appealed to with the referee (the game's timekeeper) being "referred" to if the umpires could not agree.

The promotion of referees to the dominant position they occupy today, and the reformation of umpires into the linesmen role, occurred as part of a major restructuring of the laws in 1891.

Positioning and responsibilities
The predominant system of positioning and division of responsibility used by football match officials throughout the world is known as the Diagonal system of control (DSC).

The referee has final decision-making authority on all matters. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees who advise the referee. An assistant referee's judgement is enforced only if the referee accepts that judgement, and the referee has the authority to unilaterally overrule an assistant referee. The referee is the only official empowered with starting and stopping play, and meting out disciplinary actions such as cautions or send-offs.

The two assistant referees are instructed by the referee to each patrol half of a single touchline on opposite sides of the field. For example, on a field running north–south, one assistant referee (AR) would run on the eastern touchline from the north goal line to the halfway line, while the other assistant referee would run on the western touchline from the south goal line to the halfway line. In general, the assistant referees' duties would be to indicate (using their flags) when an offside offence has occurred in their half, when a ball has left the pitch, and if a foul has been executed out of the view of the referee (typically in their quadrant of the field). Generally, the ARs will position themselves in line with either the second to last opponent or the ball – whichever is closer to the goal line – to better judge offside infractions. However, the assistant referee will have specific positioning with respect to corner kicks, penalty kicks, and throw-ins.

The referee patrols the length of the field to cover the ground not covered by their two assistants, generally running in a diagonal pattern from the southeast quadrant of the field towards the northwest quadrant; hence the term "diagonal system of control" (DSC). This pattern is not a specific route but a general guideline that should be modified to the style of play, nature of the game, the location of play at a given time, etc. In some cases the referee may even exit the field if it aids in their decision-making ability. The main idea is that the referee and assistants using the DSC should be able to position themselves quickly and easily to observe the important aspects of play (offside, ball in or out of play, goal-scoring opportunities, challenges for the ball) from multiple angles with multiple sets of eyes.

The description above refers to a left diagonal system of control, known as "running a left" or "standard diagonal". If, before the match, the centre referee on this field decides to run from southwest to northeast, then the assistants must position themselves accordingly and the result will be a right diagonal system of control, otherwise referred to as "running a right" or "reverse diagonal".

In many cases in England, referees use more of "curve" based on a line running from the edge of the 18 yd box, and when near the centre circle they then curve to a line level with the other 18 yd box line. This is similar to the diagonal system, but with the speed of modern football it is easier to keep up with play. This also helps the referee avoid being in a common "passing lane" through the centre circle itself.

In international matches the left-wing diagonal shown above has been universal since the 1960s. It is now predominant across the world. England until recently was an exception to this convention. Until 1974 referees in the Football League were required to run both diagonals during a match, most opting to run from right wing to right wing in the first half before switching to the left-wing diagonal for the second half. The chief reason for this alternation was to avoid linesmen wearing down the same part of the touchline during matches – this was important given the generally lower quality of pitches at the time. However switching diagonal was also justified in terms of allowing officials to patrol different areas of the field during games. From the 1974–75 season English referees were allowed to run the same diagonal throughout the same match. Most initially opted for the right-wing diagonal although over the years the left-wing diagonal became increasingly popular and the preferred choice of most referees by the early 2000s. From 2007–08 the left-wing diagonal has been mandatory in English professional football although some referees at lower levels still use the opposite approach.

Its implementation as a standard practice for referees is attributed to Sir Stanley Rous, former referee and President of FIFA from 1961 to 1974.

Other systems of control
While the Laws of the Game mandate a single referee with assistants as described above, other systems are used experimentally or explicitly by some non-FIFA-affiliated governing organizations.

Dual system (two referees)
The dual system, has two referees with no assistants. The system is used some matches played under the rules of the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) in the United States, and in other youth or amateur matches. Both referees have equal authority, and the decision of one referee is binding on the other. Each referee is primarily responsible for a specific area of the field similar to those of the assistant referees in the diagonal system, except that the referees are allowed and encouraged to move away from the touch line into the field, particularly as play approaches the goal lines. Like the assistant referees in the diagonal system, each referee is responsible for patrolling one touch line and one goal line and determining possession for the restart if the ball goes out of play on either of those two boundaries.

Positioning in the dual system is similar to that used by officials in basketball: each referee is either termed the "lead" or the "trail", depending on the direction of the attack. If the attack is against the goal to the referee's right (when facing the field from their assigned touch line), then that referee is the lead, and the other is the trail. The lead is positioned ahead of the play, even with the second-to-last defender to the extent possible, while the trail is positioned behind the play. Both are responsible for calling fouls and misconduct and determining the restart when the ball goes out of play on one of their assigned boundary lines. Since the lead is in a better position to determine offside, the lead is responsible for calling offside, while the trail provides an extra monitor for fouls and misconduct while the lead's attention is focused on offside. When the attack changes direction, the trail becomes the lead and vice versa.

Double dual system (3 referees)
The double dual system uses three referees, all equipped with whistles, positioned much as in the traditional diagonal system of control mandated by IFAB. Each referee has the same authority for decision making. It is authorized in the United States for college and high school matches although it is rarely used.

title: Referee (association football)


text:
User:Alainodea

Real Name: Alain O'Dea Profession: Computer Engineer

title: User:Alainodea


text:
Magrath, Alberta

Magrath is a town in Cardston County, Alberta, Canada. Its population was 2,481 in 2021. Magrath is 32 km (approximately 25 minutes) south of Lethbridge and 242 km (approximately 2.5 hours) south of Calgary.

History
Magrath was established in 1899 by settlers sent by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from Utah and Idaho. These Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints settlers were recruited by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company to construct irrigation works in the area funded by British interests by the family of Sir Alexander Galt. The settlers were paid in cash and land in the town. This was the first major irrigation work in Canada and was made possible by the settlers' experience with the extensive irrigation projects undertaken by their church in Utah and Idaho.

The irrigation system was completed in November 1899 and spanned ninety-miles. It was the first large-scale irrigation system in Canada. The area's irrigation canal system supplies water to farmers throughout Southern Alberta and was the first major irrigation project in Canada. In its early years Magrath was known as The Irrigation Capital of Canada, and later as "The Garden City" for its beautiful natural setting and plentiful trees. The design and layout of Magrath was based on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 'Plat of Zion' urban design model. Magrath also has historical links to the internationally recognized British Garden City tradition which was piloted in England during this same period.

Magrath was named after Charles Alexander Magrath, the son-in-law of Sir Alexander Galt. Magrath post office was established 1 March 1900, with Ammon Mercer as first postmaster.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Magrath had a population of 2,481 living in 803 of its 830 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 2,374. With a land area of 5.88 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The population of the Town of Magrath according to its 2017 municipal census is 2,435, a change of NaN% from its 2015 municipal census population of 2,398.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Magrath recorded a population of 2,374 living in 757 of its 794 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 2,217. With a land area of 5.99 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Religious affiliation
The following is a breakdown of Magrath's population by religious affiliation from the 2001 federal census.

 * Protestant: 84%
 * Catholic: 4%
 * No religious affiliation: 11%
 * Christian Orthodox: <1%
 * Christian (unspecified denomination): <1%

Statistics Canada includes 44 churches in its 2001 Protestant definition, including members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Community of Christ.

The religious affiliation within Magrath is primarily from the LDS Church. There is a stake based in Magrath, which is composed of ten congregations (eight wards and two branches) in the town and surrounding area. As of June 2016, the total membership in the Magrath Alberta Stake was reported as 2433 members.

Attractions

 * Buffalo Bin Elevator - Magrath, the first of five ever built in the Province. The "Buffalo Bin" style grain elevator was built as an experiential elevator for Alberta Wheat Pool in the 1970-1980s, today only three of the original buffalo bins remain. The others still standing are Foremost and Fort Saskatchewan.
 * Galt Irrigation Canal, first major irrigation project in Canada, a National Historic Site of Canada.
 * Galt Canal Nature Trail
 * Magrath Golf club
 * Magrath Skateboard Park
 * Magrath Wind farm

Notable people

 * Randall K. Bennett, general authority of the LDS Church.
 * Phil Tollestrup (b. 1949), Olympics basketball player and member of the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Gordon McOmber (1919–2018), Lieutenant Governor for Montana (1988–1989) was born in Magrath.
 * Christian Jensen (1868–1958), inductee in the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame, namesake of Jensen Reservoir

title: Magrath, Alberta


text:
Allegheny

Allegheny, Alleghany or Allegany may refer to:

Geologic and geographic features

 * Allegheny River, in Pennsylvania and New York
 * Allegheny Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountain Range in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia
 * Allegheny Mountain (Pennsylvania), major mountain ridge in the northern part of the Allegheny Mountains
 * Little Allegheny Mountain, in Pennsylvania and Maryland; see list of mountains of the Alleghenies
 * Allegheny Mountain (West Virginia–Virginia), major mountain ridge in the southern part of the Allegheny Mountains
 * Back Allegheny Mountain, in West Virginia
 * Allegheny Plateau, which terminates in the east at the Allegheny Mountains
 * Allegheny Front, the escarpment delineating the eastern edge of the Allegheny Plateau
 * Allegheny Formation, a mapped bedrock unit of West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania

Counties

 * Allegany County, Maryland
 * Allegany County, New York
 * Alleghany County, North Carolina
 * Alleghany County, Virginia
 * Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Communities and townships

 * Alleghany, California, unincorporated community in Sierra County
 * Allegheny, Kentucky
 * Allegheny, Pennsylvania, a city annexed by the city of Pittsburgh in 1907
 * Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania

Protected areas

 * Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Wildlife Management Area, in Mineral County, West Virginia
 * High Allegheny National Park and Preserve, a proposed NPS unit in West Virginia

Man-made features

 * Allegheny Cabin (Rohrbaugh Cabin), historic structure in eastern West Virginia
 * Allegheny Observatory, at the University of Pittsburgh
 * Allegheny Mountain Tunnel, a vehicular tunnel on the Pennsylvania Turnpike
 * Allegheny Reservoir, a reservoir on the Allegheny River
 * Allegheny River Tunnel, a light rail tunnel under the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh
 * Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, a former psychiatric hospital turned tourist attraction in West Virginia

Trails

 * Allegheny Trail, a hiking trail in West Virginia
 * Great Allegheny Passage including parts in Maryland and Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland, a rail trail

Rail

 * Allegheny (train), a passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad
 * Allegheny Railroad, a railroad operating in northwestern Pennsylvania (1985–92)
 * Allegheny station (disambiguation), stations of the name
 * Allegheny Valley Railroad, a railroad operating in Western Pennsylvania since 1992
 * Allegheny Valley Street Railway, an electric rail line operating along the Allegheny River (1906–37)
 * Allegheny class, a class of 2-6-6-6 locomotives

Organizations

 * Alleghany Corp., an insurance holding company
 * Allegheny Airlines, a forerunner of US Airways
 * Allegheny College, in Meadville, Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Energy, a public utility (including its subsidiary Allegheny Power)
 * Allegheny Foundation, a charitable organization focused on Western Pennsylvania
 * Allegheny Mountain Radio, a network of radio stations in West Virginia and Virginia
 * Allegheny Technologies, a specialty metals company
 * Allegheny (titular see), a Roman Catholic titular see
 * Pittsburgh Allegheny (International Association), a nineteenth century minor league baseball team that, at times, played under the name "Allegheny"

Biology

 * Pachysandra procumbens or Allegheny pachysandra, a plant in the box family
 * Allegheny woodrat, a species of pack rat in the eastern US
 * Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander, a species of the eastern US and Canada
 * Allegheny mound ant, a species of the eastern US and Canada
 * "Allegheny alligator", nickname for the hellbender
 * Allegheny chinquapin (Castanea pumila), a species of chestnut

title: Allegheny


text:
Alpena

Alpena may refer to:

Michigan

 * Alpena, Michigan, the sole city in, and the county seat of Alpena County
 * Alpena County, Michigan, a county in the state of Michigan
 * Alpena County Regional Airport, county-owned public-use airport
 * Alpena Township, Michigan, a township located in Alpena County, surrounding the city

Other states

 * Alpena, Arkansas, a town located in Boone County, Arkansas
 * Alpena, South Dakota, a town located in Jerauld County, South Dakota
 * Alpena, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Randolph County, West Virginia

Education

 * Alpena Community College, Alpena, Michigan
 * Alpena Public Schools, a school district in Alpena and Presque Isle Counties, Michigan
 * Alpena High School (Michigan), the district high school

Other uses

 * SS Alpena, a steamer which sank in Lake Michigan in 1880
 * Alpena (automobile), an American car manufactured from 1910 to 1914

title: Alpena


text:
Talk:Referee (association football)

Cards
I just don't understand why the English Wikipedia uses the word cautioning instead of Booked or Booking when a football player gets an yellow card. In every FIFA game when a player gets an yellow card, the comments says that the "player getting booked", not that the "player get cautioning". —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.84.45.196 (talk • contribs).
 * Because booking is a slang term for the cautioning of a player. Law 12 does not refer to booking: "A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card" for the "cautionable offences." For the more serious offences, "a player, substitute or substituted player is sent off and shown the red card." —C.Fred (talk) 03:38, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Before introduction of cards, players got cautioning and were booked. From the time with cards, players got/get cautioning by getting a yellow card and they were/are booked. It would be possible to caution and book if there a referee has no cards (maybe in very low leagues). In first it is important that he gets cautioning - and because referee should book this matter (he could forget all the cautionings a.s.o.), the comments says the phrase of "getting booked". --213.225.0.173 (talk) 14:20, 24 November 2016 (UTC).
 * Due to technological progress, it may be that Referees will use apps in a few years? --213.225.15.186 (talk) 16:34, 25 November 2016 (UTC).

Addition of External Link; relevance
On 20th December, user Shell Kinney unwound an edit I made to add an External link. This was done in good faith and apparently triggered by my check-in comment that I maintain the site (see history). Based on Shell's user page, she appears to be a self-appointed administrator who in good faith is working to keep the Wikipedia content clean of promotional links to external sites. Good for her. But she is nowhere near a domain expert.

On the surface, I can see this viewpoint. But I beg to differ in this "quick reaction" action. a) The site added is referred to and used by many referee associations all over the world and the USA b) It is maintained, like Wiki, for the benefit of the community and by the community c) The site is a one of a kind resource of links to current and historical rules of soccer, training material, equipment resources and the like d) The site is monitored and used by many FIFA referees who live and work within miles of me e) The site does not need anymore traffic nor links, it already ranks number one on the topic in Google, Yahoo and all other search engines. f) It is a non-commercial site with no advertising or other links. Purely information in nature for the profession as we know it.

socref.net is number one and way, way ahead of any links to wikipedia.org when searching in this topic area. socref.net is popular based on no action of mine other than to provide a site of useful and factual content. The ranking and links to the site have spread by word of mouth with others. I have never promoted it until maybe today.

So it appears, if I read the references correctly, I need you as other editors and users of this page to independently confirm the above information and deem the link is worthy before it should be added back in (likely by someone other than myself). Hence this discussion post on the topic as requested.

While on the subject, except for the FIFA link, the other External links are pretty poor and of a far lower quality. So it goes without saying that suggestions on other links to add should be mentioned here as well.

"Surplus Gadgets" —Preceding unsigned comment added by SurplusGadgets (talk • contribs) 04:21, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

New external link?

 * Socref.net - a link collection of rule books and training materials for referees

This was added today. A quick scan says it's got lots of old versions of laws and may be useful. Has anybody, other than the editor originally adding it, been to the site and think it should be included? —C.Fred (talk) 04:23, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Merger
The article section assistant refrees form association football should be merged, because the section is relitivly short and is directly related to the main refree. The article quality would also be improved as a wider scope for this article could be acheived.--Lucy-marie (talk) 15:52, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi. Disagree. Directly related? Certainly not the same as. Just because an article is short (a stub) does not mean that we merge inappropriately to expand it. The first priority should be to expand the sum total of knowledge of the specific, before we drag in the related as a last resort. And as an ex-referee, I personally can assure you that the two jobs are far removed from each other in practice. If you propose broadening the spectrum like this, then the correct route would be to merge and rename - "Officials (football)" would be the most suitable. In closing, I would simply say that a referee (the boss) is not an assistant referee (the bossed), because only the referee, out of all the officials, can make a decision or carry out a sanction such as a red card - the other officials, including fourth official, can only provide an opinion to the referee. They have no powers during a game, only influence. So they are not as directly related as you assume. Thanks. Ref (chew) (do) 01:36, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Disagree Udonknome (talk) 16:49, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Ok then how about merging the pages in to Match officials (association football). This would draw a distinction between the refree on the pitch and the officials such as the linesman and the fourth official.--Lucy-marie (talk) 12:42, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi again. For the reasons already outlined, I believe that no merger should be carried out involving Referee (football), because the referee (in the case of Association football), being the absolute controlling factor in the team of officials, is a separate and more responsible entity than the others, and has the final say on decisions of Law, the other officials merely advising or influencing whilst unable to make those decisions themselves. The other aspect which you seem to have overlooked is that, in competition and biographical articles, the terms are normally wikilinked when used to identify the roles of named persons - you would immediately disable this facility, as in this totally fictitious example:

 * Someland v. Acountry (etc.)

 * Officials:

 * Referee: Alan Wiley (England)
 * Assistant referee 1: Phil Sharp (England)
 * Assistant referee 2: Wendy Toms (England)
 * Fourth official: Uriah Rennie (England)
 * Fifth official: Amy Rayner (England)

 * For those reasons, any merger would be most illogical and unsuitable. Thanks. Ref (chew) (do) 14:22, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I see where you are coming from but surley one article on at least the assitant refrees and the other officails would remove disparity of information and prevent linking to numerous pages which on thier own many not fulfill notability. Within the article there can be sections on the diffrent positions. I am not sugesting continuous pros removing the positions as seperate entities.--Lucy-marie (talk) 14:52, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I will concede that, in the case of the assisting officials only, they could be made redirects to, say, Assisting officials (football), as long as there are clear sections and distinctions within the new article, explaining fully their roles and responsibilities. However, I must strongly disagree with Referee (football) being included in this, as they are now accepted as notable, even more so for the fact that some (as in the case of Professional Game Match Officials Limited in England) are now full-time paid employees specifically and exclusively in that role - it is their occupation and their notability. The other officials still only receive remunerations and expenses for their contributions to the sport. If you completely leave out the referee, I concede the rest. Thanks. Ref (chew) (do) 15:07, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I shall leave out the main central refree, just merging the assistants in to one article under the title Assistant officials (association football).--Lucy-marie (talk) 15:29, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

How come articles about American football have to have the qualifier in them but articles about association football are just called "football?" Seems unequal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.7.37.69 (talk) 00:52, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Please riase this issue atthe Wikiprojecy assocation football.--Lucy-marie (talk) 01:01, 14 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Because most of the world uses 'football' to mean 'association football'. The associated Wikiproject is WP:FOOTBALL   (not WP assocation football). Paulbrock (talk) 17:15, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Flag, hand and whistle signals
It might be good to add a section on the various signals used by referees. Rpvdk (talk) 14:32, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * What "signals used by referees"......? -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 20:33, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

2nd Merger Request
May I lend my weight towards a Match Officials article as it would represent the fact that all qualified assistant referee's are also qualified referee's and vice-versa. Therefore a match official in football is able to take up any of those roles without additional training. If an assistant referee gets injured in a top league, it is the 4th official who takes over who is usually primarily a referee. The quality of that article could easily get it to B class as-well. Thoughts? Geoff (talk) 23:31, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
 * FIFA's use of the term "match official" includes the match commissioner, the security officer, the referee inspector as well as the referee and assistants. Hack (talk) 04:09, 15 January 2013 (UTC)

Merge from Diagonal system of control
The material at Diagonal system of control is related to refereeing of football matches and I feel it can be adequately integrated into the existing page here. C 679 15:03, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree there is no need for separate articles. Camyoung54 (talk) 20:24, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. GiantSnowman 15:50, 10 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure the info from Diagonal system of control is necessary anywhere. It has one reference and doesn't seem to be a regular topic for third-party media. – PeeJay 16:27, 14 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree that it is a small article, however the information included in Diagonal system of control could definitely be incorporated into this article as another way to describe the way the referee acts on the field and the importance of the assistant referee. Camyoung54 (talk) 01:33, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

I agree also with this is can be merged — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.161.219.254 (talk) 11:11, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Merge looks fine to me, will go ahead and do it. GiantSnowman 12:31, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

Dan Tan
Worth mentioning in the article that refs are frequent targets of match fixing (let alone some of the more flagrant examples like Ibrahim Chaibou) given their ~$350/game pay and the importance of penalty kicks for soccer scores. I'm not sure which of the sources at Dan Tan discuss it directly, but it's in some of them if you don't want to just google around for it. — Llywelyn II   09:17, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

Removal of section
I have removed the section titled "Referee bias". This section was essentially an abstract of a single research paper and had a focus that seemed too specific for this article. Language such as "The authors of the article mentioned above have developed such a causal probabilistic model that considered the important explanatory factors, and was applied to the English Premier League" is far too technical. There perhaps could be a section on "perceived criticism" but it would need to cover more sources than just this. --LukeSurlt c 09:15, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060927134327/http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~wbarker/positions-txt.html to http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~wbarker/positions-txt.html

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 * --LukeSurlt c 16:21, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

"In doupt decision in favor of..."
Watchword, for a very long time in the past until the 1990ies, was "When in doupt decision in favor of defending team" - and from the 1990ies it changed into "in favor of attacking team" (due to law givers intention). But now it is said regarding to Bundesliga, maybe lower leagues too, that Referees row back to the first motto (especially in cases of deciding or not deciding a penalty kick). How do Referees in the UK handle? --213.225.5.50 (talk) 13:25, 26 November 2016 (UTC).

Update to current LOTG
I'm trying to update the multiple outdated references to one current LOTG reference showing page number of the references in the reference section instead of inline. I can make it sort of work by using Template:sfn with "last=LOTG" and it sort of works except the reference shows up as "LOTG & 2019-20, p. 64." with a strange & in the middle - implying a second author. Anyone know what I am doing wrong with this template or know another template I can use. In the end I'm trying to get all appropriate references to the LOTG to be one reference with multiple page numbers in the reference section and not inline as they would be if I used the Template:r and Template:rp. Tom94022 (talk) 00:17, 8 September 2019 (UTC)

Impact of VAR on Referees
At the start of the article, the wording used suggests that the referee is the final authority of what happens on the field. However, in some competitions (notably the Premier League), VAR is really actually the final authority, and the referee implements that decision. Do we think we should add some content around VAR? gj1 (talk) 14:30, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
 * As I understand it the referee still makes the decision, VAR is just another assistant Tom94022 (talk) 05:52, 19 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, add the content. 71.208.32.185 (talk) 09:25, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Article Refresh 2021
I'd like to propose an article refresh of the Referee page in an effort to make it more approachable for a reader by rethinking its structure and bringing it up to date with current thinking and trends. A quick preface - I am a qualified referee and work in communications!

I would like to start by suggesting the following:

1) Breaking up the large block of text at the top of the page, and ensuring its contents are not duplicated elsewhere (as is the case now).

2) Opening with a statement that allows easy access to our other Referee pages. For example:

In association football, the referee is the individual responsible for enforcing the laws of the game during a match.

Referees can be assisted by other match officials including Assistant Referees, and at the professional level, Video Assistant Referees, Fourth Officials... (and so on etc)

3) Having a discussion about what is relevant to the article on referees. Do we need a section on whistles, or can that be moved into its own stub?

4) Deciding on pictures to use in the article. Might I suggest that the easiest way to settle this would be to choose the last World Cup Final referees (male and female), a grassroots referee (it would be good if they were from an under-represented ethnicity to promote inclusion and a historical figure. It is likely (although not guaranteed), that the referees of the last WC will have their own stub pages given they've reached the top of their profession.

This is just a small start, and I would love the community's opinion on this refresh.

gj1 (talk) 20:00, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
 * There's a referees WikiProject that's not football-specific. Hack (talk) 05:01, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi gj1, looking forward to working with you on this article.
 * 1) The lead section is meant to summarise the article below (see WP:LEAD). As such there is a degree of duplication between it and the body text - indeed it's more problematic when the lead contains info that isn't discussed below - I recently removed some unreferenced and fairly trivial info on referee's pay from the lead. The lead of this article could probably be better though.
 * 2) This seems to be the case currently? The second paragraph links to all the assistant referee positions. Perhaps a rearrangement of the lead could bring this into the first paragraph somehow.
 * 3) Seems smart. I agree the whistle section is far too long for this article and splitting that off would be a good solution.
 * 4) I just restored the image of Malang Diedhiou as the "top" image. For me this is one of the best images as it is high quality, shows a high-level referee, and shows him actively refereeing a match (blowing a whistle and pointing). There are quite a lot of images of referees on Commons, but they are not all equal in quality and applicability. I disagree with fixing criteria as suggested as, for example, the only Commons image of 2018 World Cup final referee Néstor Pitana is this fairly low-quality crop.
 * Cheers --LukeSurlt c 08:00, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

Hi LukeSurl! Glad to have someone on board with the idea!

If we start with the lead, my point is more to split the large blocks of text into different paragraphs to make it read better. Agree that it should summarise the article- which means we actually have to discuss what goes into the article.

Here are a list of things that I think are essential in no particular order:

Grassroots vs Professional

How to qualify as a referee and typical progression (grassroots to FIFA list)

The referee as part of a team

Equipment

History

Criticism - a balanced discussion of the state of refereeing across the board

A list of things I feel are less important:

Whistle

System of control (or at least reducing the length)

References to who makes equipment

Thoughts?

gj1 (talk) 12:51, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Update*

I have emailed the FIFA press office to see if they will release CC images for all of our refereeing pages. This could help with the images situation.

gj1 (talk) 13:08, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Looks like you have some good ideas! Please be WP:BOLD and make some edits - you don't need my permission :P.
 * Some thoughts on your thoughts I think the "Grassroots vs Professional" and " How to qualify as a referee and typical progression (grassroots to FIFA list)" could be bundled into a section about the overall "Organisation of referees", (such as referee licensing). "The refereeing team" (as I would phrase it) would be a good section, I don't think we have content elsewhere on the encyclopaedia about the overall refereeing of a game and this would be the most natural place for it. I'm not sure how a "Criticism" section would really work, most criticism of referees is not that interesting; "that decision was wrong" or "they are biased against my team"; but if you can find good content then go for it. --LukeSurlt c 13:36, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks LukeSurl. As I'm thinking of a larger overhaul, I think I'm going to commit this is into draft form first and then head toward an RfC. Will keep the talk page updated gj1 (talk) 20:06, 18 May 2021 (UTC)

Uniform or Kit
Given that uniform is covered by kit in a separate article, should we consider reflecting the language in this article? gj1 (talk) 10:25, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
 * There is clearly overlap between the section in this article and the content at Kit_(association_football). Generally, I think the paragraph at the other article is better - the content we currently have here is a bit rambling, poorly sourced and strays into non-association football territory. I think for referee's kit we could maybe do a one-sentence summary here with Template:main pointing to Kit_(association_football). As far as I can see, "kit" is the more applicable term here than "uniform". --LukeSurlt c 10:12, 21 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Agreed, will update tomorrow gj1 (talk) 21:04, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

Images
I am reverting a recent change to the images for the following reasons: --LukeSurlt c 08:47, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * For the first image File:Malang_Diedhiou.jpg is very very good. It shows a referee in full profile (thus showing the whole kit), actively refereeing a game. None of the new images do this.
 * File:John Langenus The football arbitrator a judging first final of the World championships 1930 year.jpg is an informative image to have where discussing the history of the kit.
 * In general, the images added in the recent edit seemed not to be of any greater quality than the ones they replaced.
 * I agree with the reversion but suggest we have too many images that are not directly linked to any text. I suggest removing Faghani and replacing with Albon, her image has nothing to do with the section it is in and the contract of the two images should go well in the Kit and Equipment section.  Thoughts?  Tom94022 (talk) 16:46, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Referee (association football)


text:
Post-industrial society

In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy.

The term was originated by Alain Touraine and is closely related to similar sociological theoretical concepts such as post-Fordism, information society, knowledge economy, post-industrial economy, liquid modernity, and network society. They all can be used in economics or social science disciplines as a general theoretical backdrop in research design.

As the term has been used, a few common themes, including the ones below have begun to emerge.

 * 1) The economy undergoes a transition from the production of goods to the provision of services.
 * 2) Knowledge becomes a valued form of capital; see Human capital.
 * 3) Producing ideas is the main way to grow the economy.
 * 4) Through processes of globalization and automation, the value and importance to the economy of blue-collar, unionized work, including manual labor (e.g., assembly-line work) decline, and those of professional workers (e.g., scientists, creative-industry professionals, and IT professionals) grow in value and prevalence.
 * 5) Behavioral and information sciences and technologies are developed and implemented (e.g., behavioral economics, information architecture, cybernetics, game theory and information theory).

Origins
Daniel Bell popularized the term through his 1974 work The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. Although some have credited Bell with coining the term, French sociologist Alain Touraine published in 1969 the first major work on the post-industrial society. The term was also used extensively by social philosopher Ivan Illich in his 1973 paper Tools for Conviviality and appears occasionally in Leftist texts throughout the mid-to-late 1960s.

The term has grown and changed as it became mainstream. The term is now used by marketers such as Seth Godin, public policy PhDs such as Keith Boeckelman, and sociologists such as Neil Fligstein and Ofer Sharone. U.S. President Bill Clinton used the term to describe Chinese growth in a round-table discussion in Shanghai in 1998.

Valuation of knowledge
The post-industrialized society is marked by an increased valuation of knowledge. This itself is unsurprising, having been foreshadowed in Daniel Bell's presumption as to how economic employment patterns will evolve in such societies. He asserts employment will grow faster in the tertiary (and quaternary) sector relative to employment in the primary and secondary sector and that the tertiary (and quaternary) sectors will take precedence in the economy. This will continue to occur such that the "impact of the expert" will expand and power will be monopolized by knowledge.

As tertiary and quaternary sector positions are essentially knowledge-oriented, this will result in a restructuring of education, at least in its nuances. The "new power… of the expert" consequently gives rise to the growing role of universities and research institutes in post-industrial societies. Post-industrial societies themselves become oriented around these places of knowledge production and production of experts as their new foci. Consequently, the greatest beneficiaries in the post-industrial society are young urban professionals. As a new, educated, and politicized generation, more impassioned by liberalism, social justice, and environmentalism, comes into being; the shift of power into their hands, as a result of their knowledge endowments, is often cited as a good thing.

The increasing importance of knowledge in post-industrial societies results in a general increase in expertise through the economy and throughout society. In this manner, it eliminates what Alan Banks and Jim Foster identify as "undesirable work as well as the grosser forms of poverty and inequality". This effect is supplemented by the aforementioned movement of power into the hands of young educated people concerned with social justice.

Economists at Berkeley have studied the value of knowledge as a form of capital, adding value to material capital, such as a factory or a truck. Speaking along the same lines of their argument, the addition or 'production' of knowledge, could become the basis of what would undoubtedly be considered 'post-industrial' policies meant to deliver economic growth.

The valuation of specifically scientific knowledge and technology can paradoxically be devalued by individuals in a post-industrial society as they still expect its benefits but are more sensitized to moral trade-offs and risks.

Creativity culture
Similarly, post-industrial society has serviced the creative culture. Many of those most well-equipped to thrive in an increasingly technological society are young adults with tertiary education. As education itself becomes more and more oriented towards producing people capable of answering the need for self-actualization, creativity, and self-expression, successive generations become more endowed with the ability to contribute to and perpetuate such industries. This change in education, as well among the emerging class of young professionals, is initiated by what James D Wright identifies as an "unprecedented economic affluence and the satiation of basic material needs". Ellen Dunham-Jones as well observes this feature of post-industrial society where "abundant goods [are] equitably distributed [in order that] laborless leisure and self-determination" can be consumed.

The post-industrial society is stressed to be one where knowledge is power and technology is the instrument. Naturally, where one is creatively inclined, they are advantaged by such a society. The doctrine of "speed, mobility, and malleability" is well suited to a dynamic creative industry and as industries of good production decrease in precedence, the way is paved for artists, musicians, and other such types, whose skills are better used by the tertiary and quaternary sector. Urban geographer Trevor Barnes, in his work outlining the Vancouver experience in post-war development, evokes the post-industrial condition, citing the emergence and consolidation of a significant video games industry as a constituent of the elite service sector.

This increased faculty of the post-industrialist society with respects to the creative industry is reflected by the economic history of post-industrial societies. As economic activities shift from primarily primary and secondary sector-based to tertiary, and later quaternary, sector-based, cities in which this shift occurs become more open to exchanges of information. This is necessitated by the demands of a tertiary and quaternary sector: in order to better service an industry focused on finance, education, communication, management, training, engineering, and aesthetic design, the city must become points of exchange capable of providing the most updated information from across the globe. Conversely, as cities become a convergence of international ideas, the tertiary and quaternary sector can be expected to grow.

A cult of 'creatives' have sprung up embodying and often describing and defending the post-industrial ethos. They argue that businesses that create intangibles have taken a more prominent role in the wake of manufacturing's decline.

Actor and then-artistic director of the Old Vic Theatre, Kevin Spacey, has argued the economic case for the arts in terms of providing jobs and being of greater importance in exports than manufacturing (as well as an educational role) in a guest column he wrote for The Times.

Criticism
Post-industrialism is criticized for the amount of real fundamental change it produces in society, if any at all. A mild view held by Alan Banks and Jim Foster contends that representations of post-industrial society by advocates assume professional, educated elites were previously less relevant than they have become in the new social order, and that changes that have occurred are minor but greatly embellished. More critical views see the entire process as the highest evolution of capitalism, wherein the system produces commodities as opposed to practical goods and is determined privately instead of socially. This view is complemented by the assertion that "the characteristic feature of a modern [that is, post-industrial] society is that it is a technocracy". Such societies then become notable for their ability to subvert social consciousness through powers of manipulation rather than powers of coercion, reflective of the "ideology of the ruling class [as] … predominantly managerial". Pope Francis has suggested that "the post-industrial period may well be remembered as one of the most irresponsible in history", although he follows this comment with "the hope that humanity at the dawn of the twenty-first century will be remembered for having generously shouldered its grave responsibilities".

In line with the view that nothing fundamental has changed in the transition from industrial societies to post-industrial societies is the insistence of lingering problems from past development periods. Neo-Malthusian in essence, this outlook focuses on post-industrial society's continuing struggle with issues of resource scarcity, overpopulation, and environmental degradation, all of which are remnants from its industrial history. This is exacerbated by a "corporate liberalism" that seeks to continue economic growth through "the creation and satisfaction of false needs", or as Christopher Lasch more derisively refers to it, "subsidized waste".

Urban development (UD) in the context of post-industrialism is also a point of contention. In opposition to the view that the new leaders of post-industrial society are increasingly environmentally aware, this critique asserts that UD rather leads to environmental degradation, which is rooted in the patterns of development. Urban sprawl, characterised behaviourally by cities "expanding at the periphery in even lower densities" and physically by "office parks, malls, strips, condo clusters, corporate campuses, and gated communities", is singled out as the main issue. Resulting from a post-industrialist culture of "mobile capital, the service economy, post-Fordist disposable consumerism and banking deregulation", urban sprawl has caused post-industrialism to become environmentally and socially regressive. Of the former, environmental degradation results from encroachment as cities meet demands on low-density habitation; the wider spread of population consumes more of the environment while necessitating more energy consumption to facilitate travel within the ever-growing city, incurring greater pollution. This process evokes the neo-Malthusian concerns of overpopulation and resource scarcity that inevitably lead to environmental deterioration. Of the latter, "post-industrialism's doctrine of … mobility and malleability" encourage a disconnect between communities where social belonging falls into the category of things considered by the "post-Fordist disposable consumer[ist]" attitude as interchangeable, expendable, and replaceable.

Post-industrialism as a concept is highly Western-centric. Theoretically and effectively, it is only possible in the Global West, which its proponents assume to be solely capable of fully realizing industrialization and then post-industrialization. Herman Kahn optimistically predicted the "economic growth, expanded production and growing efficiency" of post-industrial societies and the resultant "material abundance and… high quality of life" to extend to "almost all people in Western societies" and only "some in Eastern societies". This prediction is treated elsewhere by contentions that the post-industrial society merely perpetuates capitalism.

Recalling the critical assertion that all modern societies are technocracies, T. Roszak completes the analysis by stating that "all societies are moving in the direction of technocracies". From this, the foremost "suave technocracies" reside in the West, whereas all others are successively graded in descending order: "vulgar technocracies", "teratoid technocracies", and finally "comic opera technocracies". This view importantly presumes one transition and furthermore one path of transition for societies to undergo, i.e. the one that Western societies are slated to complete. Much like the demographic transition model, this prediction does not entertain the idea of an Eastern or other alternative models of transitional development.

Neologism
When historians and sociologists considered the revolution that followed the agricultural society they did not call it a "post-agricultural society". "Post-industrial society" signifies only a departure, not a positive description.

One of the word's early users, Ivan Illich, prefigured this criticism and invented the term Conviviality, or the Convivial Society, to stand as a positive description of his version of a post-industrial society.

Social critique
A group of scholars (including Allen Scott and Edward Soja) argue that industry remains at the center of the whole process of capitalist accumulation, with services not only becoming increasingly industrialized and automated but also remaining highly dependent on industrial growth.

Some observers, including Soja (building on the theories of the French philosopher of urbanism Henri Lefebvre), suggest that although industry may be based outside of a "post-industrial" nation, that nation cannot ignore industry's necessary sociological importance.

Further concerns can be raised regarding the difference in mindset and objectives between those in an industrial society, and those in a post-industrial one. For instance, if the industrial society (producing the raw materials and goods consumed by its peer) were for some reason to cut off supply to the post-industrial nation, there would be little recourse for the latter to ensure that supply chains were not disrupted. Since the society based on ideas would have diminished real product output, the industrial society would be in a position to dictate terms to its counterpart. The response from the "more advanced" nation might be eventually effective or damaging, however it would be hard pressed to bridge the gap until domestic industry could makeup for the lack of imported manufactured goods.

title: Post-industrial society


text:
Soham (Sanskrit)

Soham or Sohum (सो ऽहम्  ) is a Hindu mantra, meaning "I am" in Sanskrit.

In Vedic philosophy it means identifying Brahman with the universe or ultimate Brahman.

The mantra is also inverted from ' (the sandhi of ') to . The combination of  has also been interpreted as "I am Swan", where the swan symbolizes the Atman.

Etymology
The term  is related to, and the phrase translates to "I am", according to Monier-Williams. Interpreted as a nominal sentence, it can also be read as "I am the absolute" or "Great truth". The term is found in Vedic literature, and is a phrase that identifies "One with the universe or the ultimate one reality".

History
This phrase is found in Principal Upanishads such as the Isha Upanishad (verse 16), which ends:

 * (...) तेजो यत्ते रूपं कल्याणतमं तत्ते पश्यामि योऽसावसौ पुरुषः सोऽहमस्मि ॥१६॥
 * "The light which is thy fairest form, I see it. I am what that is " (trans. Max Müller)
 * "The light which is thy fairest form, I see it. I am what that is " (trans. Max Müller)

Soham, or "I am That", is very common in ancient and medieval literature. Some examples include:

Upanishads

 * Sannyasa Upanishads such as Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad, Nirvana Upanishad, Ashrama Upanishad, Maitreya Upanishad and Satyayaniya Upanishad.
 * Yoga Upanishads such as Dhyanabindu Upanishad and Yogashikha Upanishad
 * Hamsa Upanishad

Tantras

 * Gandharva Tantra
 * Kali Tantra
 * Kularnava Tantra
 * Mahanirvana Tantra
 * Niruttara Tantra

Stotras

 * Bhaja Gaureesam
 * Gowresa Ashtakam
 * Shakthi Mahimnah Stotram
 * Tripurasundari Vijaya Sthava

Adi Shankara's Vakya Vritti subsequent works in the Nath tradition foundational for Hatha yoga.

as well as the classical yoga treatises Gheranda Samhita   and Shiva Samhita all make mention of soham and hamsa describing its significance and when teaching uniformly teaches So on inhalation and ham on exhalation.
 * Matsyendranath's Yogavishaya
 * Gorakshanath's Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati
 * Gorakshanath's Yoga Bija
 * Gorakshanath's Goraksha Shataka
 * Jñāndev's Lakhota
 * Jñāndev's Yogapar Abhangamala
 * foundational for Swara yoga the original script Shiva Svarodaya

This traditional practice in its several forms and its background is described in numerous other books.

Hamsa
Swami Muktananda - although teaching the traditional So on inhalation and ham on exhalation as a letter from 1968 to Franklin Jones reveals - later published a book teaching Ham on inhalation and sa on exhalation. This practice is described in several later books all referring to Muktananda.

The teaching of Ham on inhalation and sa on exhalation is allegedly alluded to in a text of Kaśmir Śaivism, the Vijnana Bhairava:

"Air is exhaled with the sound SA and inhaled with the sound HAM. Then reciting of the mantra HAMSA is continuous"

- Vijnana Bhairava

However, this verse 155b is not found in the Vijnana Bhairava first published in 1918 in the Kashmir Series of Text and Studies but is quoted from a commentary by the Abhinavagupta disciple Kṣemarāja in his Shiva Sutra Vimarshini (commentary on the Shiva Sutras) in later editions of Vijnana Bhairava.

Yoga
When used for meditation, "Sohum" acts as a natural mantra to control one's breathing pattern, to help achieve deep breath, and to gain concentration.

 * Sooooo... is the sound of inhalation, and is remembered in the mind along with that inhalation.
 * Hummmm... is the sound of exhalation, and is remembered in the mind along with that exhalation.

Soham is also considered a mantra in Tantrism and Kriya Yoga, known also as Ajapa mantra, Ajapa Gayatri, Hamsa Gayatri, Hamsa mantra, prana mantra, Shri Paraprasada mantra, paramatma-mantra, and as such used notably on its own, in the meditation practice ajapa japa and in the kriya practice shabda sanchalana.

title: Soham (Sanskrit)


text:
Chris Berman

Christopher James Berman (born May 10, 1955), nicknamed "Boomer", is an American sportscaster. He has been an anchor for SportsCenter on ESPN since 1979, joining a month after its initial launch, and hosted the network's Sunday NFL Countdown program from 1985 to 2016 and NFL Primetime from 1987 to 2005 and since 2019. He has also anchored Monday Night Countdown, U.S. Open golf, the Stanley Cup Finals, and other programming on ESPN and ABC Sports. Berman calls play-by-play of select Major League Baseball games for ESPN, which included the Home Run Derby until 2016.

A six-time honoree of the National Sports Media Association's National Sportscaster of the Year award, Berman was instrumental in establishing ESPN's lasting popularity during the network's formative years. He is well known for his various catchphrases and quirky demeanor.

In January 2017, ESPN announced that Berman would be stepping down from several NFL-related roles at the network, but would remain at the company. In May 2021, Berman signed a multiyear contract with ESPN to continue to host NFL Primetime.

Early life
Berman was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, and grew up in Irvington, New York, the son of Peggy Shevell (née Tenenbaum), who worked as a reporter-researcher for Time magazine, and James Keliner Berman, a corporate executive vice president. He was raised Jewish. During his childhood, he went to Camp Winnebago in Fayette, Maine. He enrolled at the Hackley School in 1970, and graduated Brown University in 1977 with a degree in history, where he was the sports director of the school's radio station, WBRU.

Career (1977–present)
Berman's sportscasting career began at Hartford's WVIT-TV as a weekend sports anchor. He joined ESPN in 1979, a month after its founding, and has been with the network ever since. He is one of ESPN's longest-tenured employees, and the only remaining SportsCenter anchor from 1979. He spent 31 years as the host of both Sunday NFL Countdown, and ten years hosting Monday Night Countdown. In addition, during the NFL season, he hosts the evening SportsCenter (airing generally at either 7:30 PM Eastern Time or 11 PM Eastern Time) along with Herm Edwards, who replaced Tom Jackson for the 2016 season. Berman often appears on SportsCenter at night (midnight to 1 a.m.) hosting brief segments called "Chris Berman's two-minute drill". From 1988-1989, he hosted ESPN's first game show, Boardwalk and Baseball's Super Bowl of Sports Trivia.

By 1993, Berman was described as the leader of the ESPN team and one of the most recognizable sportscasters in the business. "The true test is when Chris is on, turn down your TV and open your window. You will hear him. The microphone is nothing but a prop," said fellow ESPN anchor Keith Olbermann. In December 2008, the Associated Press ran a long retrospective on Berman's 30-year career with ESPN. "He is our most important person," said Norby Williamson, ESPN's vice president of production. "He is the face of ESPN," he added. At the time, Berman noted that his contract with ESPN would expire on his 55th birthday, and that he did not see himself broadcasting into his 60s. In April 2010, however, ESPN extended Berman's contract for an undisclosed period of time, only noting that it was a multi-year deal. The contract was eventually revealed to expire at the end of 2016.

Between 1995-2006, Berman hosted Monday Night Football as well as live coverage of three Super Bowls for ABC Sports. He continued to host MNF when ESPN got the rights in 2006.

Berman was a season ticket holder for the Hartford Whalers and was a strong supporter of the team's staying in Connecticut. He occasionally makes reference to the team, sometimes even by humming the team's theme song, "Brass Bonanza". Berman has also become a strong backer of the Buffalo Bills in recent years. In an interview with Buffalo Bills reporter and play-by-play voice John Murphy on July 26, 2012, Berman acknowledged that you could call him a "Bills Booster". This sentiment is also echoed in Berman's on-air phrase, "No one circles the wagons like the Buffalo Bills!" In addition, he has been involved with several events relating to the Bills, such as team founder Ralph Wilson's induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and Bruce Smith's Bills Hall of Fame induction in September 2016. Berman signed a new contract in January 2017 for a reduced schedule, but remains at ESPN.

On October 29, 2018, Berman served as the on-field emcee for Thurman Thomas's number retirement ceremony. In May 2019, Berman called a three-game series for the Boston Red Sox Radio Network alongside longtime Red Sox broadcaster Joe Castiglione.

In 2019, Berman and Tom Jackson re-united for a revival of NFL Primetime, streamed exclusively on ESPN+. In addition, they have also hosted the "fastest three minutes" segments on the Monday Night Football halftime show.

Berman signed a multiyear contract with ESPN in May 2021 to continue to host NFL PrimeTime. In the ESPN contract announcement, Berman said "ESPN has been almost two-thirds of my life. I'm honored that what I do still works."

Style
Berman is well known for his various catchphrases and player nicknames.
 * His mid-play prediction of a touchdown run as "He could...go...all...the...way!" is perhaps his most famous phrase, and one of the first he adopted. It was featured on the Jock Rock, Volume 2 compilation album.
 * His home run calls of "Back, back, back, back...Gone!", which he implements most commonly during the MLB Home Run Derby.
 * A "Whoop!" is uttered during highlights when a player makes a quick move or causes someone to miss or make a mistake.
 * "Tick, tick, tick, tick tick tick tick..." during a post-game recap, for a play or moment in which the clock is a factor.
 * When a large player such as a lineman runs with the football, Berman describes him as "rumblin', bumblin', stumblin'".
 * Berman is known for integrating puns into player nicknames. For example, he dubbed former Minnesota Twins pitcher Bert Blyleven "Bert Be Home Blyleven". He referred to San Diego Chargers running back Eric Bieniemy as "Eric Sleeping With Bieniemy". On occasion, the puns were clever, such as "Young Again" for Oddibe McDowell. Other examples include “ABCDEFG” for Dallas Cowboys wide receiver CeeDee Lamb and an imitation of a sneeze for Indianapolis Colts quarterback Gardner Minshew, where Berman goes, “min-min-min, MIN-SHEW!”
 * When speaking about the Las Vegas Raiders, he will often pronounce them as "the RRRAY-DAHS" in an homage to late owner Al Davis' accent.
 * When a ball carrier breaks a tackle, he will mimic a collision sound after every broken tackle.
 * The Detroit Lions have never won an NFC Championship Game and, as such, have never made it to the Super Bowl, earning them a long history of denigration. Thus, when the Lions do something good, Berman will sometimes utter the word, "LIONS???" in a surprised tone.

Berman adopts the persona of his alter ego, "The Swami," to make predictions on Sunday NFL Countdown. For seven consecutive years "The Swami" predicted a Super Bowl between the San Francisco 49ers and the Buffalo Bills, one or the other – but never both – making it during that span.

Reception
Many have enjoyed Berman's approach over the years, and he has won various awards. A 1990 Sports Illustrated feature article cited traits that struck a chord with his TV audience: playfulness, humor, and a Fred Flintstone-like persona. The nicknames were called a key to his success. His genuine love of sports was also noted.

However, he has also drawn a good deal of criticism. Over time, his style came to rub quite a few viewers the wrong way. His detractors find him overly bombastic - and worse, unfunny. A "blowhard...tossing out corny clichés" was one description. Columnist Phil Mushnick viewed his "clown act" as forced, self-serving, and stale. "Schtick" is another label that has been applied. A Paste article from 2017 noted that the reasons for his appeal were also what made him eventually grow tiresome.

In other media
Berman appeared in Adam Sandler's 1998 comedy The Waterboy as well as Sandler's  The Longest Yard in 2005, playing himself as the play-by-play announcer of the prison football game. Berman also appeared as himself in Necessary Roughness in 1991, The Program in 1993 (though was a little out of place doing college football), Little Big League in 1994, as well as Eddie and Kingpin in 1996. He made a cameo appearance in the 1995 Hootie and the Blowfish video for the single "Only Wanna Be With You." Berman made a cameo in the 2013 comedy Grown Ups 2. Berman appears in Nutrisystem commercials with Don Shula, Dan Marino, Terry Bradshaw, and Mike Golic, using some of his trademark phrases and nicknames to show how much weight they lost. He also appears in commercials for repair insurer Carshield.

He appears as the host of SportsCenter in ESPN NFL 2K5; he is also an unlockable free agent.

Personal life
Berman married Katherine "Kathy" Alexinski in 1983. She died in a traffic collision in Woodbury, Connecticut on May 10, 2017. Katherine Berman was driving drunk when she crashed into the back of another vehicle, killing herself and the other driver. The couple had two children.

Honors

 * National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association National Sportscaster of the Year (1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2001)
 * American Sportscasters Association Sportscaster of the Year – Studio Host (1995, 1997, 1998)
 * CableACE Award Best Cable Sportscaster 1987, 1988, 1990
 * 1997 "TV's Most Fascinating Stars" from People
 * 2001 Maxwell Football Club's Reds Bagnell Award
 * 2007 honorary degree from Brown University.
 * 2009 Presented Ralph C. Wilson Jr. into the Pro Football Hall of Fame
 * Received star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on May 24, 2010
 * Received the Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award on July 12, 2010
 * 2017 inductee - Sports Broadcasting Hall of Fame

Career timeline

 * 1979–present: SportsCenter anchor (occasionally since 1990)
 * 1985–2016: Sunday NFL Countdown host
 * 1985–2016: NFL draft host
 * 1986–2014: U.S. Open nightly show host
 * 1987–2005: NFL Primetime host (Postgame host during playoffs, 2017–present)
 * 1987–2005: ESPN Sunday Night Football halftime host
 * 1990–2016: Baseball Tonight host (occasional)
 * 1990–2016: MLB on ESPN play-by-play (selected games)
 * 1986–2016: Home Run Derby play-by-play
 * 1996–1999, 2006–2016, and during NFL playoff between 1998 and 2005: Monday Night Football halftime host
 * 1999–present: Master of Ceremonies for the Pro Football Hall of Fame induction
 * 2003–2014: U.S. Open host
 * 2003: NHL on ESPN and NHL on ABC studio co-host (Stanley Cup Finals)
 * 2006–2016: Monday Night Countdown host
 * 2012–2016: ESPN Monday Night Football No. 2 play-by-play
 * 2017–present: Monday Night Countdown panelist

title: Chris Berman