text:
Talk:Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)

Name
Umm. Why isn't this at South Central Trains? James F. (talk) 13:26, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

It's now at Southern because of the name-change. Lee M 01:17, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Although the list of lines is headed - see the Southern website for details, the details of the Lines are not exactly the same! I have now amended that. In addition Marsh Link Line is actually part of the East Coastway and a purely local name for it, I believe: it certainly isn't a "commuter line". Errors like that only muddle readers Peter Shearan 12:00, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Routes
Though not mentioned in the article, I think Southern use a multi carriage diesel going via Ashford International. Anyone know if I am right? User talk:82.34.227.22 17:19, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think they are now running a few turbostars (171s) all the way from Brigton to Ashford (im sure i saw a press release somewhere), as opposed to the turbostar stopping service (Marshlink) from Hastings to Ashford. Pickle 13:36, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * There are indeed diesels running from Brighton all the way to Ashford (but I've no idea what class of rolling stock). A bit iffy 16:22, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
 * These are 171/1s (two carriage Turbostars) Thelem (talk) 00:38, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

The article says that Southern run services from London Bridge to Brighton. I'm pretty sure this is not the case, but can anyone confirm either way? Maybe they just run from London Bridge down part of the BML? Thelem (talk) 00:38, 23 June 2008 (UTC) At pek time Southern do run a few London Bridge to Brighton services Likelife (talk) 16:07, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Lead Image
I changed the lead image from a Class 171 Turbostar to a Class 455. I did this because Southern have more routes operating with these, it is in operation as a pose to at RailFest York and the look of these units is unique to Southern. (SWT's units have retained the end gangways.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by MaryHiason (talk • contribs)

I would be nice if it was a 377 really, that is what they have the most of. Neil Mundy

I agree; if we use an old train, that sort of suggests that they don't have any (or at least many) new trains, which isn't the case. David Arthur 16:58, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

The better of the two Class 377 images on commons is Image:Gb-emu377450-01.jpg, but I'm not certain it is lead image quality. Thryduulf 09:18, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

The barriers in front of the train don't really suit - the lack of good Class 377 images on Wikipedia is the main reason I put the Turbostar up top in the first place. Does anyone have a better picture of the Electrostar that they could upload? David Arthur 15:53, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

and You will have to ask for permission but they will say yes. --Neil Mundy 17:56, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, that’s a nice picture, and properly illustrative of the company’s efforts to introduce new trains. David Arthur 23:54, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

I see the photo currently used is copyrighted but the owner has released all rights, I personally have quite a few photos of 377s at my gallery at, I am willing to release it in a GPL or CC licence. Tubechallenger 18:40, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Why not use the photo of 377122 currently on the British Rail Class 377 page? Our Phellap 17:11, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Cycles
In early 2006, Southern became the focus of attention from cyclists' groups, as a result of their enforcement of their policy regarding carriage of cycles.

Could someone make this sentence less willfully vague? --87.82.12.159 17:53, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Stations run by southern
removed as no need, network rail manages the main stations itself (ie Victoria, London bridge and Gatwick), IIRC) the other more minor stations are leased to and administered by the TOC's. several of the stations in the list were network rail stations and stations used by other TOC's (it gave the impression southern was the sole TOC) or even are primarily other TOCs (eg Ashford is a huge southeastern station, only a minor southern station and has the eurostar there). anyone else thought on how this data could be usefully used if at all in any context? Pickle 07:52, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

"See also" links are missing
I would suggest that links to the routes would be useful, for instance: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redhill_to_Tonbridge_Line 89.242.129.75 21:27, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok i'ver overhaulled the routes section.
 * The bit i'm not sure about is the south london area, which isn't my strongpoint. Have a look at this map and  gives some idea - mroe work for antoehr day ;)
 * Pickle 13:36, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Looked a bit deeper;
 * 1) has the Redhill to Tonbridge Line been handed over from southeastern to southern yet ??? if so the page needs to say this, so does the infoboxes (also there are two odd southeastern services, running to Horsham and up the BML into london ... ??? )
 * 2) need to add peek bracnh to Reigate on north downs line
 * 3) Wimbeldon loop - i thought thameslink (FCC) ran around this
 * 4) need to work out what runs through West Croydon station and what is the name for the line its on
 * Pickle 14:06, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Solved (?) 2 and 4 Pickle 14:14, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Southern toc logo.gif
Image:Southern toc logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:36, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Help
I cant fix the New fleet sectionLikelife (talk) 15:57, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
As the Department for Transport has announced that Southern/Govia have retained the South Central franchise (Source), can I propose that the South Central franchise article now be merged into this article - perhaps into the future section? I can see very little reasoning for keeping both articles alive when the information from the two could quite realistically be included in this article as it is now all relevant to Southern, the train operating company. Any thoughts? Spiritofsussex (talk) 08:42, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Agreed - some of the info can be deleted and there can be a new section at the bottom - im around all day so if people want i can get a first draft done? lordmwa (talk) 09:36, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Definitely. I've always been sceptical about the value of 'future franchise' articles, but they're certainly redundant once the decision has been made and the resulting company announced. David Arthur (talk) 14:31, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Agree its going to be Southern any way sowhy not. Likelife (talk)

 * I agree and have put a message on the other talk page to get more people into the debate. Btline (talk) 22:48, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

I have taken the information on the South Central franchise article and weaved it into this article, and have placed this draft in my sandbox - User:Spiritofsussex/Sandbox, as I didn't want to add it straight to the article without anybody having a look at it. Can I have some feedback please? Does anybody have any suggestions as to how this could be/needs to be changed at all? Is this a suitable representation of the two articles merged into one? Spiritofsussex (talk) 11:19, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Looks good. Simply south (talk) 22:33, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

As there have been no arguments against the merge, I have carried out the merge of the two articles. Spiritofsussex (talk) 08:32, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Btline (talk) 16:40, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

image
I changed the image, If you dont like it change it. I just think the old one has been here for a while. Likelife (talk) 18:37, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

Class 313
I've added the Class 313 details to the Current Fleet as the first two entered service today. We don't have any Southern-liveried 313 pictures at present, so I have used one of a Silverlink-liveried set as an interim measure. The 313s are being cascaded wearing this livery, and some have appeared around Brighton on test in the same colours. L1v3rp00l (talk) 16:11, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

Anti-social behaviour
Maybe the photo showing a youth cycling towards an automatic door and into a station is not the best example of customer behaviour? Might be better to show something less negative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.195.109.225 (talk) 01:31, 16 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Indeed I think that has now gone. In the spirit of progress, were there an extra gateway (not doorway) for people cycling to a platform that would not be a first and should not a last, depending of course on route and tourism and so on.  I am more careful not to make posts sound like a lopsided opinion.-  Adam37   Talk  12:47, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

ScotRail 170s
The ex ScotRail 170s were operated by First ScotRail until the end of the franchise on 31 March 2015, at which point they were returned to the ROSCO and in turn leased to Southern, They never operated for Abellio ScotRail. This is stated by the cite.D47817 (talk) 22:33, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

Sub-brand of GTR
On the 25th July 2015, Southern will cease to be a separate TOC, instead becoming a sub-brand of Govia Thameslink Railway, like Thameslink and Great Northern. Should this article retain its current name? Simply south ...... time, deparment skies for just 9 years 19:31, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * It would probably be wise to add a (xxxx-2015) to the title, and redirect this page to GTR. -mattbuck (Talk) 20:20, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Maybe we should first wait to see how the service will be branded? Lamberhurst (talk) 20:28, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * See User talk:Redrose64. -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:44, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Either rename the page to Southern (GTR) or Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway), or merge the page with Gatwick Express, Thameslink and Great Northern and place it at Govia Thameslink Railway (which would potentially create an excessively long page).  JaJaWa | talk  01:08, 4 July 2015 (UTC)
 * This should probably happen. It's not a train operating company.  JaJaWa | talk  18:06, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I still agree, this is not a TOC anymore. Give it a hatnote though. Gatwick express should also be merged in, in so far as it is a GTR subbrand. Old stuff should not be merged to GTR. -mattbuck (Talk) 18:37, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I would have a preference for keeping Gatwick Express as it is, since it has (like Southern) retained its identity. As for the present page, I'm not sure that "GTR" will mean a great deal to many users, and putting the full name in is a bit heavy. What about something like Southern (Govia)? Lamberhurst (talk) 21:43, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Partly seeing as the subbrand of Northern Rail's services for electric trains is Northern Electrics (Northern Rail), I think it would be best as Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway) as that is still the overarching TOC. Besides there are other TOCs that are still their own companies e.g. Southeastern and London Midland, etc. Simply south ...... time, deparment skies for just 9 years 22:40, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

Seeing as nobody objected in over a week, I went ahead. Simply south ...... time, deparment skies for just 9 years 11:55, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I nearly did earlier today actually. I'll sort out the route box template.  JaJaWa | talk  14:07, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I think the article needs to be split now, to hive off TOC information from GTR. -mattbuck (Talk) 14:46, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Class 455 diagram
Hi Is it possible someone could add a diagram of the class 455 on the fleet list? Thanks Class455fan1 (talk) 16:21, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

The West London route terminus
Following my edit on 13 December 2015 at 01:15, in which I had altered the routes table, I noticed that a few users (notably 173.69.26.192 and Maprail001S) had attempted to change the southern terminus of the West London route from East Croydon back to South Croydon, while other users (Nordic Dragon and David Biddulph) kept on reverting their edits. This debate has finished over a week ago, however in order to avoid any similar disputes in the future, I have decided to explain why I have changed the terminus to East Croydon in the table.

On 13 December 2015, Southern have introduced a new timetable, which changed the routes of many off-peak services on the entire Southern network. This change includes the Reigate and Tonbridge services running to and from London Victoria instead of London Bridge, a different stopping pattern for the half-hourly London - Littlehampton service (so the fast service now stops at Burgess Hill instead of Lancing), alternate Gatwick Express services being extended to and from Brighton, and a few other alterations. The Thameslink timetable also changed on the same day. The summary of all changes can be found here, and the more detailed version is available via a PDF link on that page.

Anyway, back to Croydon. Before December 2015, the West London route service indeed ran as far south as South Croydon. This is probably why Google Maps (which Maprail001S used as a reference) still showed a regular service from South Croydon. However, as part of this timetable change, these services have all been curtailed at East Croydon due to "low passenger numbers" south of that station. Unfortunately, Google Maps can often be outdated and show information that isn't true, and hasn't been for a while.

Regarding the argument that "bookings are available from South Croydon direct on this line": indeed, one can book tickets between South Croydon and, for example, Tring. But that does not necessarily mean that there are regular direct services between these two stations. Similarly, one can book a ticket from South Croydon to Sutton, even though there are no services (either regular or peak-only) running directly between these two stations. Even better, I could book a ticket from Alness to Berney Arms if I wanted to, despite the fact that I would have to change at least four times! Therefore, the fact that one can purchase a ticket on a given route does not suggest anything about the service on the particular route.

Finally, Maprail001S has pointed out that there are some morning services which run from South Croydon. I checked the timetable (number 20 on the Southern Railway website) and I found two northbound services running from South Croydon (departing at 07:47 and 08:05) and one southbound return (arriving at 18:36). However, the table is for regular off-peak services only and should not include any extra peak-time services, or peak-time service extensions. Also, two of the above peak-time services do not actually start/terminate at South Croydon but further south (the 07:47 service to Watford Junction runs from Coulsdon Town and the 18:36 service from Shepherd's Bush runs to Purley). For this reason, South Croydon is not included in the table, and neither are the other stations to the south.

I hope this cleared things up. Mvpo666 (talk) 17:28, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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POV edits
has added edits which I think contravene WP:NPOV. As I explained in my edit summary, firstly, the fact that GTR is a concession did not "emerge" - it has been covered many times and indeed is covered in Govia Thameslink Railway. Secondly, content about Grayling "refusing to intervene" was not in the Express source. The article says "Grayling will not intervene in the row over driver-operated trains, saying it is best resolved by the firm – owned by Govia Thameslink Railway – and rail unions." This is very different to the content added by 77.97.100.64, which implied that it was specifically his responsibility to resolve the situation. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 20:27, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I have included the information about GTR being a concession in the main body of the article, I changed "At the conclusion of the Southern franchise in July 2015, the South Central franchise was merged into the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise" to "At the conclusion of the Southern franchise in July 2015, the South Central franchise was merged into the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise, which is run as a concession rather than a traditional franchise." The contract value is for GTR as a whole, not Southern so I removed that. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 20:48, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

The details of the unique contract, which is not best described as a concession, see http://www.lbc.co.uk/news/the-news-explained/lbcs-long-read-the-southern-rail-debacle/ is not truly in the public domain and is not adequately described in this article. Additionally, the refusing to intervene is not a POV, see http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38212577  and http://newsexplored.co.uk/uk/rail-commuters-are-just-pawns-in-power-struggle-between-transport-secretary-and-unions/  and http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/736480/Chris-Grayling-intervention-Southern-Railway-RMC-strikes-dispute-refused and the original link which I think adds enough non POV kudos to my original statement. Agreed on the 1 billion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.100.64 (talk) 21:01, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Would you prefer concession was changed to management contract? I'm not sure what you mean about them not being "truly in the public domain" - could you clarify? Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 21:19, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

I think that would help, a concession is a technical contractual term which covers a multitude of arrangements such as in a department store to a railway franchise, the public are not expected to understand the finer details of revenue recongnition and allocation. A link to the LBC article on the term management contract would help clarify as these passages are absolutely key to the understanding. "Most rail franchises keep the revenue from fares, but Govia Thameslink Railway, Southern’s umbrella company, just runs the service and gives revenue directly to the Department for Transport.

This has two important implications. Firstly, this means they don’t get fined when they cancel trains, as other franchises do. It’s the Department of Transport that shoulders the losses. Brighton Pavilion MP Caroline Lucas told LBC it was a no-risk contract, meaning "they are making cancellations far more complacently than another company would."

Secondly, rail companies have traditionally avoided confrontation with staff as any strike will hit their profits. But with this special contract, it’s actually the government who loses money, which means Govia have been able to try to instigate ideological working practices without any concern for profits."

Not truly in the public domain - Referring to the lack of coverage about this essential detail in understanding what is going on in this triparty dispute. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.100.64 (talk) 21:27, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

 * I have changed concession to management contract and linked to the wikipedia article on it. Do you mean that the media isn't covering the dispute enough? Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 21:41, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Plenty of coverage but very little of it highlights the unique contract that is fueling the situation. Awareness should assist with debunking the government's apparent lack of influence on this matter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.100.64 (talk) 21:46, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately at Wikipedia we can only report what reliable sources are saying. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 22:01, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Understood, raises the danger of unreported news due to controlled and / or skin deep reports. I saw your further further edits, looks good, thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.100.64 (talk) 22:23, 3 January 2017 (UTC) As of 2017, 77.97.100.64 is now PINEAPPLES — Preceding unsigned comment added by PINEAPPLES (talk • contribs) 22:38, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 8 January 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved - Clear consensus below for the page not to be moved. (non-admin closure) Class 455  ( talk |stand clear of the doors!)  10:07, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway) → Southern (Govia) or Southern (GTR) – The long form of "Govia Thameslink Railway" is just too cumbersome to be typing or reading. Besides, most people would probably just think of GTR as Govia anyway, even though that is the parent company. Why not embrace a shortening, especially as this TOC is in the news a lot at the moment and getting higher traffic.  Rcsprinter123    (yak)  15:54, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose- Fine as it is for now. Would be better to create Southern (Govia) as a redirect to this page. Class 455  ( talk |stand clear of the doors!) 22:46, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Nördic   Nightfury  13:24, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose - "Govia Thameslink Railway" is the name of the company. But feel free to create redirects. -mattbuck (Talk) 14:10, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Snow Oppose as per above - No valid reason as been presented for moving the article, Shorter redirects can be created if really desired, I would suggest someone snow closes this. – Davey 2010 Talk 03:43, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I want to make it easier for readers. Why is this invalid?  Rcsprinter123    (confabulate)  21:13, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose since this makes it more difficult for readers. Hardly anyone outside the applicable geographic area knows what "Govia" is, so it would completely fail as a disambiguation.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  03:29, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

 * For the record I have created redirect pages. Redirects are cheap Nördic   Nightfury  11:10, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

Strikes article
Since the strikes have become a lot more significant, I have created a separate article on the strikes, as I feel they're notable enough to warrant its own stand alone article. The article can be found at Southern Railway Strike (2016-17). Class 455 ( talk |stand clear of the doors!) 00:12, 9 January 2017 (UTC)

Class 313 diagram
Recently, a user named added a diagram of a Class 313 to the article. I noticed the diagram shows a 4-car set, whereas the Class 313 units are all 3 carriages long. Because of this, I'm not sure whether the diagram should be included in the article at all (since it's technically wrong). I'm sure someone with better editing/designing skills than me will eventually create a diagram that shows the correct carriage length, but until then, should the current diagram be retained or deleted? 86.134.27.8 (talk) 11:26, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I have removed the diagram - as you say the diagram is visibly incorrect. I don't generally mind these sorts of diagrams even though they are unsourced, but when they are obviously wrong they shouldn't be included. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 15:41, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

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Split discussion
Shortly, Thameslink and Great Northern will be merged into the main Govia Thameslink Railway article. I believe the same should happen here. Southern as an independent TOC vanished in 2015, it was just kept as a brand, presumably as it was thought mildly less toxic. I propose splitting the article - the TOC from 2001 to 2015 should go to Southern (train operating company, 2001–2015) or similar, while operations under GTR should be merged up to the GTR article. This keeps all GTR stuff in one place, and all independent stuff in another. Ping. -mattbuck (Talk) 07:29, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
 * I personally disagree merging all of Southern into the GTR article. My proposing to merge the TLGN article into GTR was due to the fact that the combined TLGN article had very limited information that would be better suited on the operating company article; the more detailed, full accounts of Thameslink and Great Northern as separate routes is covered in their own articles, as is Southern. If you wanted to create separate TOC article for Southern along the lines of the brief Thameslink (train operating company 1997–2006) article, I would support that. But keeping Southern’s complete history in a separate article would, in my opinion, be valuable. – Nick Mitchell 98 talk
 * I'm not saying merge all of Southern to GTR, just the post-2015 bits. Right now this article conflates two companies and is mistitled, because before 2015 it was not GTR (just G). I don't think the creation of the 2001-2015 article is appropriate at present, as it would simply duplicate most of this article, but that once the GTR bits are removed that should be the title of this article. -mattbuck (Talk) 16:29, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Per above. Think it's best to keep this in one place. Class 455  ( talk |stand clear of the doors!)  13:49, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose Having two separate articles about the same brand with the same owners providing a continuous service just because of changes to the legal structure makes no sense . Mainline421 (talk) 15:06, 24 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above - Personally I think this will or could create quite a lot of confusion so personally I feel it'd make sense to keep it as one article. – Davey 2010 Talk 16:49, 4 August 2018 (UTC)

Citation needed for the London to Brighton route stops?
Hello, I was just wondering if the London to Brighton route info is correct, hence the "Citation needed" caption. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Suzono (talk • contribs) 08:50, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * In a nutshell, we have no idea. Someone put that information in, we assume in good faith, but it cannot be verified because it is not supported by a citation. If you need to know for your own travel plans, then you should use Southern's own web site. Different services stop at different stations. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 11:08, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

FYI, the London - Brighton route stops at East Croydon, Gatwick Airport and Haywards Heath as shown on the The Train Line website. (talk) 12:27, 15 October 2020 (UTC) Update: I have seen the Brighton Main Line article and concluded that even though the number of stops on the said line is 33 (if I'm not wrong), the route actually just stops at the three said stations.

Unclear what specific question is. a. All stations on line or b. Which most of trains from London to Brighton stop at. Will investigate further. 2001:8B0:B102:7EDA:55AD:E164:DF7C:85BC (talk) 06:32, 31 July 2021 (UTC)

London Bridge - Caterham
Would anyone happen to know which set of tracks the 1tph service to Caterham uses? (the one that was shared as a 2tph with a route to Tattenham Corner before I split the rows) This would help with differentiating it from the route via Peckham Rye since on the former, there doesn't appear to be any stops between London Bridge and East Croydon, and from there, both routes share the same stops. Jalen Folf  (talk)  04:10, 28 July 2022 (UTC)


text:
Solent University

Solent University (formerly Southampton Solent University) is a public university based in Southampton, United Kingdom. It has approximately 10,500 students (2019/20). Its main campus is located on East Park Terrace near the city centre and the maritime hub of Southampton.

Solent University students are represented by Solent Students' Union, which is based on the East Park Terrace campus.

History
The university's origins can be traced back to a private School of Art founded in 1856, which eventually became the Southampton College of Art. Mergers with the Southampton College of Technology, and later the College of Nautical Studies at Warsash, led to the establishment of the Southampton Institute of Higher Education in 1984.

Southampton Institute became a university on 12 July 2005, adopting the name Southampton Solent University on 15 August that year. Prior to this, Southampton Institute provided assistance to Nottingham Trent University in its provision of business-focused degrees, relating to accountancy, finance and professional ACCA qualifications; some Nottingham Trent University certificates included Southampton Institute/Solent University stamps to indicate this agreement.

In 2015, Solent University came to an agreement with New College of the Humanities, London, whereby it would validate some of their degrees. In November 2017, the Privy Council approved the change of name of Southampton Solent University to Solent University, with effect from 2018. In 2024, the university proposed a return to their previous name, citing 'research that suggests reinstating the location of the university into the name is an important factor in both its collaboration with local and national stakeholders and likely success in future recruitment'.

Since April 2023, the current Vice Chancellor is Professor James Knowles.

Campus
Solent University has three primary locations: City, Warsash and Timsbury Lake. The City campus is in the centre of Southampton, on the east side of East Park. Part of the Warsash School of Maritime Science and Engineering is on the eastern bank of the Hamble River overlooking Southampton Water, while Timsbury Lake is located in Timsbury.

Halls of residence
The university has five major student Halls complexes:
 * Chantry
 * Deanery
 * Hamwic
 * Kimber (incorporating the David Moxon Annexe)

All the halls are located away from the main teaching buildings. They are all located south east of the city centre, between the St Mary's and Ocean Village areas of Southampton.

Academic profile
Solent University is a comprehensive university offering programmes across five academic faculties, including the Faculty of Business, Law and Digital Technologies (which incorporates the Solent Business School and the Solent Law School), the Faculty of Creative Industries, Architecture and Engineering, the Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Science, and Warsash Maritime School.

The university generally has a growing reputation, and have been climbing the major league tables year on year - most recently reaching 81st place in the Guardian League Table in 2019.

The university also has strong links with local and regional businesses, professional bodies and industry groups, all with a focus on providing the best routes into the workforce (for example the British Computer Society, Creative Skillset and the PTC).

The student yachting team have often consisted of Olympians and are previous world champions.

Research
The university also has a dedicated Research, Innovation and Enterprise Office, providing a researcher development programme and the Research, Innovation and Knowledge Exchange Awards.

Business and society
Working with private, public and third sector industries, Solent focuses on research areas such as marketing, the 'visitor economy', SME partnerships, international economic development, entrepreneurship and innovation, and cyber-crime. A particular focus is social policy in relation to employment, gender, and diversity in areas ranging from maritime and seafarers, to music and culture.

Sport, health and wellbeing
Solent University has emerged as a provider of academic programmes relating to the study of sport, health and wellbeing. These programmes are informed by research in areas such as sports science, sports development, the sociology of sport, psychology, health and wellbeing, and social care.

A focus of current research is how sport can be used as a vehicle for social change. Research in sports science focuses on strength and conditioning, the physiological basis of human performance in a range of sub-elite and elite sporting environments, and the psychology of the coaching process. The university is also recognised as one of the leading centres for football-based research.

Maritime, technology and environment
Historically, one of the key research strengths of Solent has been in maritime sector. Having run courses in yacht design and boat yard management since the 1970s and then by adding Warsash Maritime Academy with its long history and association with shipping, ports and seafarer training in the late 1990s this is now fully integrated as the Warsash School of Maritime Science and Engineering.

The focus is on applied research and innovation that affect industry, including a focus on maritime education and training (including the use of technology), employment, health and safety, gender, and welfare. They also have a developing area of research relating to sustainability and resilience, including environmental accounting, life-cycle assessment; environmental impacts, and modelling. Other areas of research include materials science and additive manufacturing; acoustics; computer networks, immersive technologies, multimedia communication, and software engineering; as well as sustainable design and the built environment. It also hosts the China Centre (Maritime).

Media Technology
The Media Technology courses (such as the Broadcast Engineering, Live Sound and Acoustics courses) have now been merged into one 'Live Event Technology' course which covers all of these bases.

This course works closely with Sonar Events as their technical skills are often required on their productions. They also work at festivals in the UK, such as Glastonbury and Boardmasters.

Student Media
The TV and Live Events Societies at Solent University are covered by the umbrella brand of 'Sonar Events'. These outlets are run entirely by students.

TV station
The student-run television station operated under the name SonarTV; it was founded in 2009 as part of the student media rebrand within the Students' Union. in 2022, SonarTV rebranded to join the Live Events Society to form SonarEvents; the new and current name for the societies.

SonarEvents are the only outlet within the university that can affiliate with NaSTA (The National Student Television Association), and in 2012 was selected to be the joint host for the first-ever NaSTAvision broadcast with Staffs TV of Staffordshire University.

Radio station
The student-run Radio Station is called Radio Sonar. It was founded in 1999 and was originally known as Sin FM. The name came from the first 28-day FM radio licence held by the station. After applying for a Low Powered AM (LPAM) licence, the station changed its name to Sin Radio and at the same time became an online radio station; the name was changed to Radio Sonar in 2009. (The rename was in conjunction with all Student Union media, part of the Sonar Media rebrand.) Radio Sonar won the award for 'Outstanding Contribution to Student Radio' at the National Student Radio Conference in 2010 and again in 2011; in 2012, Mel Lewis won Best Female Presenter. Radio Sonar was nominated in the 2014 SRA awards for 'Best Chart Show' and achieved third place.

Sport
Solent University has a long tradition of sailing, and has won the student national yachting championships on occasions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Solent University


text:
South Central Trains

South Central Trains may refer to one of the following organisations that has operated the South Central franchise in England:

 * Network SouthCentral
 * Connex South Central
 * Southern (train operating company)

title: South Central Trains


text:
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is a spa town in the German Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate that serves as the capital of the Ahrweiler district. The A61 motorway connects the town with cities like Cologne and Mainz. Formed by the merging of the towns (now districts) of Bad Neuenahr and Ahrweiler in 1969, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler consists of 11 such districts.

Geography
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler rests in the Ahr valley (Ahrtal) on the left bank of the Rhine river in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate. Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler nestles in the Ahr Hills (Ahrgebirge).

The highest hill in the area is the Häuschen at 506 m above sea level. Nearby are the hills of Steckenberg, Neuenahrer, and Talerweiterung. There used to be castles on the last two of these hills.

Neighbouring communities
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is surrounded by the following villages and towns (clockwise from the north): Grafschaft, Remagen, Sinzig, Königsfeld, Schalkenbach, Heckenbach, Kesseling, Rech and Dernau. The nearest cities are Bonn and Koblenz.

Districts
Bad Neuenahr is divided into Ortsbezirke which consist of one or more districts. The Ortsbezirke are represented by local councils. The largest district, Bad Neuenahr, was originally made up of three communities, which are still seen as districts.

Population statistics as of 31 March 2013 (main and secondary residence):

Antiquity
Discoveries dating to the Hallstatt period (1000–500 BC) show farming activity by Celts that dwelled in the area. The Gallic Wars (58–50 BC) resulted in the forced relocation of the indigenous Eburones to the Middle Rhine. Several Roman discoveries date from the 1st to 3rd centuries. Most notable is the Villa Rustica of Bad Neuenahr.

Middle Ages
In 893 AD, Ahrweiler was mentioned as Arwilre, Arewilre, Arewilere, and later Areweiller in the Prüm Urbar (register of estates owned by Prüm Abbey). The abbey of Ahrweiler owned a manor with 24 farmsteads; 50 acres of farmland and 76 acres of vineyards. The first mention of a parish church occurred in Neuenahr Castle and surrounding county (Newenare) from 1204 to 1225. In 1246 was founded one of the oldest German inns Gasthaus Sanct Peter.

Modern Times
Close to Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, the national Government bunker was built between 1960 and 1972 inside two abandoned railway tunnels that were built as part of the Strategic Railway. The bunker was maintained and kept in a working condition for about 30 years and decommissioned in 1997. The location is a museum since February 2008.

During the 2021 European floods much of the town was submerged and many died.

Economy

 * The German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Logistics Centre (main depot) is located in an underground facility.
 * Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler has been home to the traditional mineral water "Heppinger" since 1584.
 * The "Apollinaris" mineral water company was founded in Bad Neuenahr in 1852.

Transport
The town has five stations on the Ahr Valley Railway and provides hourly connections to Bonn.

Sport

 * Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is the home of the successful women's football team, SC 07 Bad Neuenahr.

Twin towns – sister cities
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is twinned with:
 * 🇧🇪 Brasschaat, Belgium

Notable people

 * Cyrillus Jarre (1878–1952), Franciscan Archbishop in Jinan
 * Markus Stenz (born 1965), conductor
 * Björn Glasner (born 1973), cyclist
 * Jan van Eijden (born 1976), cyclist
 * Pierre Kaffer (born 1976), racing driver
 * Bianca Rech (born 1981), footballer
 * Ricarda Funk (born 1992), canoeist

Associated with the town

 * Karl Marx (1818–1883), philosopher and economist, stayed in a spa resort in Bad Neuenahr in 1877
 * Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827), is said to have visited the town in his youth. The Beethovenhaus is named in his honor.
 * Peter Friedhofen (1819–1860), founder of the Charitable Brethren of Maria Hilf, who practiced his trade first in Ahrweiler
 * Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter (1816–1873), novelist and poet, died in Bad Neuenahr
 * Blandine Merten (1883–1918), Ursuline nun near Ahrweiler
 * Ebba Tesdorpf (1851–1920), illustrator and watercolorist, died in Ahrweiler
 * Paul Metternich (1853–1934), diplomat, died in the district of Heppingen
 * Max von Schillings (1868–1933), composer and conductor
 * Christian Hülsmeyer (1891–1957), inventor, physicist and entrepreneur, died in Ahrweiler

title: Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler


text:
Childeric

Childeric (also Childerich or Childéric) was the name of several Frankish kings:

 * Childeric I (c.440–481)
 * Childeric II (c.653–673)
 * Childeric III (c.717–754)

title: Childeric


text:
KMSP-TV

KMSP-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, serving as the Fox network outlet for the Twin Cities area. It is owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division alongside MyNetworkTV station WFTC (channel 9.2). The two stations are located together on Viking Drive in Eden Prairie; KMSP-TV's transmitter is located in Shoreview, Minnesota.

KMSP-TV also serves the Mankato market (via K35KI-D in nearby St. James through the local municipal-operated Cooperative TV (CTV) network of translators ), even though that area already has a Fox affiliate of its own. KMSP is also carried on the main channel of KFTC (channel 26), a satellite station of WFTC licensed to Bemidji which serves the northernmost reaches of the Minneapolis–St. Paul television market.

KMSP-TV is also carried in Canada on the Rogers Cable system in Thunder Bay, Ontario, on Tbaytel, and on Bell MTS Fibe TV in the province of Manitoba. Since October 2022, the station is also carried on Westman Communications, replacing Rochester, New York's WUHF.

History
The Family Broadcasting Corporation in Minneapolis, owner of radio station KEYD (1440 AM, now KYCR), filed an application with the FCC for a construction permit for a new commercial television station to be operated on Channel 9 on November 24, 1953. WLOL and WDGY (now KTLK) also expressed interest, but withdrew their applications in 1954, effectively handing the permit to Family Broadcasting. KEYD-TV began broadcasting on January 9, 1955, and was affiliated with the DuMont Television Network. During this time, Harry Reasoner, a graduate of Minneapolis West High School and the University of Minnesota, was hired as the station's first news anchor and news director. However, DuMont shut down in August 1956, leaving the station as an independent outlet; on June 3, 1956, the KEYD stations were sold to United Television, whose principals at the time included several stockholders of Pittsburgh station WENS, for $1.5 million. The new owners immediately sold off KEYD radio, refocused KEYD-TV's programming on films and sports, and shut down the news department; Reasoner was hired by CBS News a few months later. Reasoner became a host for CBS's 60 Minutes when it launched in 1968.

Channel 9 changed its call letters to KMGM-TV on May 23, 1956. At the time, the station was in negotiations with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to acquire the Twin Cities television rights to the company's films, along with selling a 25 percent stake in KMGM-TV to the studio. Negotiations broke down later that month over the cost of the films; additionally, Loew's, MGM's parent company at the time, filed a petition with the FCC against the call sign change, claiming that the use of KMGM was unauthorized and a violation of MGM's trademark. The FCC ruled against Loew's that October, saying that its call sign assignment policies were limited to preventing confusion between stations in a given area. The agreements to lease MGM's pre-1949 films and sell 25 percent of the station to Loew's were both completed that November; KMGM was the third station, after future sister station KTTV in Los Angeles and KTVR in Denver, to enter into such an arrangement.

National Telefilm Associates, which later purchased WNTA-TV in the New York City area, purchased the 75 percent of United Television not owned by MGM for $650,000 in November 1957, joining it to the NTA Film Network until it ended in 1961. After taking control, NTA expanded KMGM-TV's hours of operation as part of an overhaul of channel 9's schedule that also included the addition of newscasts. A few months later, on February 10, 1958, NTA bought MGM's stake for $130,000 and announced that it would change channel 9's calls to KMSP-TV; the call sign change took effect that March over the objections of KSTP-TV (channel 5). National Theatres, a theater chain whose broadcast holdings already included WDAF AM-TV in Kansas City, began the process of acquiring NTA in November 1958; in April 1959, it purchased 88 percent of the company. 20th Century-Fox, the former parent company of National Theatres, bought KMSP-TV for $4.1 million on November 9, 1959, retaining the United Television corporate name. The KMSP call letters were featured on prop television cameras in the May 29, 1963, episode of the CBS sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, produced by 20th Century Fox Television; the show was loosely set in the Twin Cities area. The episode was titled "The Call of the, Like, Wild".

During its early years until 1972, the station's studios and offices were located in a lower level of the Foshay Tower in downtown Minneapolis; the transmitter was located on top of the building, the tallest structure in the area until 1971, along with WCCO-TV (channel 4) and WTCN-TV (channel 11, now KARE).

As an ABC affiliate
KMSP-TV took over the ABC affiliation from WTCN-TV on April 16, 1961. Throughout its years with ABC, KMSP was perennially the lowest-rated network affiliate in the Twin Cities, with only one-third of the viewing audience of each of their two competitors, CBS affiliate WCCO-TV and NBC affiliate KSTP-TV. It was also notorious for having a sub-standard news department with large staff turnover. In 1971, KMSP built a new tower in Shoreview, while the studios and offices relocated in 1972 to Edina on York Avenue South, across from Southdale Shopping Center.

In the late 1970s, ABC steadily rose to first place in the network ratings. Accordingly, the network sought to upgrade its slate of affiliates, which were made up of some stations that either had poor signals or poorly performing local programming. In December 1977, ABC warned United that it would yank its affiliation from channel 9 unless improvements were made and fast. In early 1978, to cash in on ABC's improved ratings, KMSP re-branded itself "ABC9" (approximately 20 years before the use of a network's name in a station's on-air branding became commonplace among U.S. affiliates), and retooled its newscast. Despite the changes, KMSP's news department remained in the ratings cellar.

Becoming an independent once again
On August 29, 1978, ABC announced that KSTP-TV would become the network's new Twin Cities affiliate the following spring. The signing of channel 5 made nationwide news, as it had been an NBC affiliate for three decades. KSTP-TV looked forward to affiliating with the top network, as third-place NBC had been in a long ratings slump. In retaliation for losing ABC, KMSP-TV immediately removed all ABC branding and regularly preempted network programming. Channel 9 then attempted to affiliate with NBC, thinking The Tonight Show would be a good lead-out from their 10 p.m. newscast, despite low prime time ratings. However, NBC, miffed at losing one of its strongest affiliates, and not wanting to pick up ABC's rejects, turned down KMSP's offer almost immediately and signed an affiliation agreement with independent station WTCN-TV. As a result of being rejected by both ABC and NBC, KMSP-TV prepared to become an independent station. Although it now faced a lack of weekend and weekday national sports coverage and having to buy seven to eight additional hours of programming per day, it also would not have to invest nearly as much into its news department and could invest its affiliate dues into syndicated film rights and local sports instead. Most of the on-air and off-air staffers resigned, not wanting to work for a down-scaled independent operation.

The affiliation switch occurred on March 5, 1979, and KMSP debuted its new independent schedule featuring cartoons, syndicated shows and even the locally based American Wrestling Association, with much of the station's programming having been acquired from WTCN-TV. To emphasize that the station's programming decisions would be influenced by viewers instead of a network, KMSP rebranded itself as "Receptive Channel 9", and an antenna was shown atop the station's logo in station identifications. The station became quite aggressive in acquiring programming, obtaining broadcast rights to several state high school sports championships from the MSHSL, the NHL's Minnesota North Stars and the Minnesota Twins baseball team.

As it turned out, KMSP's transition into an independent station turned out to be a blessing in disguise. It was far more successful than the station ever had been as an ABC affiliate. It became a regional superstation, available on nearly every cable system in Minnesota as well as large portions of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Wisconsin. Over time, it became one of the most successful and profitable independent stations in the country.

KMSP went through another ownership change on June 9, 1981, when 20th Century-Fox spun off United Television as an independent company owned by Fox shareholders; the transaction was approved alongside the $700 million sale of 20th Century-Fox to Marvin Davis. Chris-Craft Industries, which in 1977 had acquired an interest in 20th Century-Fox that by 1981 comprised 22 percent of Fox's stock, received a 19 percent stake in United Television; later in June, it filed with the FCC for control of United, as it now owned 32 percent of its stock. Two years later, Chris-Craft, though its BHC subsidiary, increased its stake in United Television to 50.1 percent and gained majority control of the company.

First Fox affiliation, then back to independent
KMSP-TV remained an independent station through 1986 when it became one of the original charter affiliates of the newly launched Fox network on October 9. This suited channel 9, as it wanted the prestige of being a network affiliate without being tied to a network-dominated schedule. At the time, Fox only programmed a nightly talk show and, starting in 1987, two nights of prime time programming; the network would start its full-week programming schedule in 1993. Thus, like most early Fox affiliates, KMSP was still essentially an independent. For its first few years with Fox, the station served as the de facto Fox affiliate for nearly all of Minnesota and South Dakota.

However, the station did not remain a Fox affiliate for long. By 1988, KMSP was one of several Fox affiliates nationwide that were disappointed with the network's weak programming offerings, particularly on Saturday nights, which were bogging down KMSP's otherwise successful independent lineup. That January, channel 9 dropped Fox's Saturday night lineup; the move did not sit well with Fox, and in July 1988 the network announced that it would not renew its affiliations with KMSP and Chris-Craft sister station KPTV in Portland, Oregon. Fox then signed an agreement with KITN (channel 29, now WFTC) to become its new Twin Cities affiliate, and KMSP reverted to being an independent station full-time. In 1992, the station relocated to its current studio facilities on Viking Drive in Eden Prairie. Along with the other United Television stations, KMSP carried programming from the Prime Time Entertainment Network from 1993 to 1995.

As a UPN affiliate
By the early 1990s, Fox had exploded in popularity; it had begun carrying strong shows that were starting to rival the program offerings of the "Big Three" networks and had just picked up the broadcast rights to the NFL's National Football Conference. In response to this, in October 1993, Chris-Craft/United Television partnered with Paramount Pictures (which was acquired by Viacom in 1994) to form the United Paramount Network (UPN) and both companies made independent stations that both companies respectively owned in several large and mid-sized U.S. cities charter stations of the new network.

UPN launched on January 16, 1995, (with the two-hour premiere of Star Trek: Voyager), with channel 9 becoming a UPN owned-and-operated station due to Chris-Craft/United's ownership stake in the network (later part-ownership in 1996 when Viacom bought a 50% stake of the network)—making it the second network-owned station in the Twin Cities (alongside CBS-owned WCCO-TV). Over time, KMSP became one of UPN's most successful affiliates in terms of viewership. In addition to UPN's prime-time schedule and the network's daytime children's blocks (such as UPN Kids from 1995 to 1999, and Disney's One Too from 1999 to 2003), the station was still enjoying success with local sports programming featuring the Minnesota Twins, as well as the MSHSL championships. KMSP was stripped of its status as a UPN owned-and-operated station in 2000 after Viacom exercised a contractual clause to buy out Chris-Craft's stake in the network, although the station remained with UPN as an affiliate for another two years. Around this time, Viacom bought CBS (and in turn, WCCO).

Return to Fox as an owned-and-operated station
News Corporation, through its Fox Television Stations subsidiary, agreed to purchase Chris-Craft Industries and its stations, including KMSP-TV, for $5.35 billion in August 2000 (this brought KMSP, along with San Antonio's KMOL-TV and Salt Lake City's KTVX, back under common ownership with 20th Century Fox); the deal followed a bidding war with Viacom. The sale was completed on July 31, 2001. While Fox pledged to retain the Chris-Craft stations' UPN affiliations through at least the 2000–01 season, and Chris-Craft agreed to an 18-month renewal for its UPN affiliates in January 2001, an affiliation swap was expected once KMSP's affiliation agreement with UPN ran out in 2002, given Fox's presumed preference to have its programming on a station that it already owned. Additionally, KMSP's signal was much stronger than that of WFTC; it was a VHF station that had been on the air much longer than UHF outlet WFTC. Most importantly, Fox had been aggressively expanding local news programming on its stations, and KMSP had an established and competitive news department whereas WFTC's news department did not begin operations until April 2001. The move was made easier when, in July 2001, Fox agreed to trade KTVX and KMOL (now WOAI-TV) to Clear Channel Communications in exchange for WFTC, a transaction completed that October.

The affiliation switch, officially announced in May 2002, occurred on September 8, 2002 (accompanied by a "Make the Switch" ad campaign that was seen on both stations), as Fox programming returned to KMSP-TV after a 14-year absence, while WFTC took the UPN affiliation; KMSP was the only former Chris-Craft station that was acquired and kept by Fox that did not retain its UPN affiliation. The station began carrying Fox's entire programming schedule at that time, including the FoxBox children's block (which later returned to WFTC as 4KidsTV, until the block was discontinued by Fox in December 2008 due to a dispute with 4Kids Entertainment). The affiliation swap coincided with the start of the 2002 NFL season; KMSP effectively became the "home" station for the NFL's Minnesota Vikings as a result of Fox holding the broadcast rights to the National Football Conference (from 1994 to 2001, most Vikings games were aired on WFTC). Finally, in 2014, with the launch of Xploration Station which replaced Weekend Marketplace which WFTC carried, KMSP-TV began clearing the entire Fox network schedule for good.

Since Fox has affiliates in most media markets and the Federal Communications Commission's syndication exclusivity regulations normally require cable systems to only carry a given network's local affiliate, and Fox prefers only an area's affiliate be carried as opposed to a distant station for rating tabulation purposes, KMSP was eventually removed from most cable providers outside the Twin Cities. By this time, these areas had enough stations to provide local Fox affiliates. KMSP thus effectively lost the "regional superstation" status it had held for almost a quarter-century, dating back to when it was an independent station. Due to the advent of digital television, many stations in smaller markets previously served by KMSP began operating UPN-affiliated digital subchannels towards the end of the network's run to replace that network's programming in those markets, which in turn became MyNetworkTV or CW affiliates.

On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company, owner of KSTP-TV's affiliated network ABC, announced its intent to buy KMSP-TV's parent company, 21st Century Fox, for $66.1 billion; the sale, which closed on March 20, 2019, excluded KMSP-TV and sister station WFTC as well as the Fox network, the MyNetworkTV programming service, Fox News, Fox Sports 1, the Big Ten Network and the Fox Television Stations unit, which were all transferred to the newly formed Fox Corporation. Fox Sports North would be divested in a separate deal to Diamond Sports Group, made up of a joint venture of WUCW owner Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios.

On April 21, 2023, a Minnesota Twins game aired on KMSP-TV due to a conflict on Bally Sports North.

News operation
KMSP presently broadcasts $59 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 10 hours each weekday, four hours on Saturdays, and $5 1/2$ hours on Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the highest newscast output among Minneapolis' broadcast television stations.

The station's first news director and news anchor was Harry Reasoner when KMSP signed on (as KEYD-TV) in 1955. Despite the station's focus on live coverage of news and sports, as well as awards from the University of Minnesota Journalism School and the Northwest Radio–TV News Association, KEYD's newscasts were generally in fourth place in the ratings. After channel 9's ownership changed in 1956, the news operation was closed down. News programming returned to the station after NTA bought KMGM-TV in 1957.

The station, which had long been a distant third to WCCO-TV and KSTP-TV in the Twin Cities news ratings, began an aggressive campaign in 1973 to gain ground against its competition. After a nationwide search, management hired Ben Boyett and Phil Bremen to anchor a newscast with a new set and format, known as newsnine. The new format did not really draw many new viewers, and the station's low news budget, ill-conceived promotion, and frequent technical glitches, along with its network's news division's overall struggles and wire service before Roone Arledge took control, didn't help matters. One botched campaign for a news series on venereal disease, in the spring of 1974, resulted in lawsuits from two young women that claimed that their likenesses were used in promos without their permission, thus damaging their reputations. By the fall of 1975, Boyett and Bremen would be gone, replaced by respected veteran newsman Don Harrison and the station's first female anchor, Cathie Mann. These changes did little to take channel 9 out of third place, and despite ABC becoming the #1 network by 1977 and Arledge's moves to increase ABC News's prestige, KMSP's newscasts still struggled.

After KMSP lost the ABC affiliation in 1979, the station's news operation reduced to a more scaled-down 9 p.m. or post-sports-only newscast which was more manageable for KMSP to maintain at the time. It was paired with the syndicated Independent Network News in the early-to-mid 1980s. The newscast's budget and ratings would increase by the end of that decade, with re-expansions of the news department into the morning and early evenings occurring in the mid 90s.

By the end of the decade, Minnesota 9 News was competitive with the other stations in the market, especially with its all-local morning newscast doing well against the network morning shows. This was despite KMSP being hamstrung by its UPN affiliation, which had seen several affiliates of the network cut or close their news departments through its decade of existence, due to the network's overall and prime time ratings failing to meet expectations. Outside of UPN's Star Trek series, the rest of the network's programming schedule struggled outside of cities, a particular issue that affected KMSP as a statewide superstation with a wide rural footprint. This played into the station's decision to eschew their owner-mandated "UPN 9" branding for the more neutral statewide branding of "Minnesota 9" (later, 9 News) to promote their news department.

When KMSP rejoined Fox in 2002, the station's prime time newscast, now with the stronger aid of Fox's prime time lineup and sports coverage, frequently outrated the newscasts on KSTP-TV. Following Fox's acquisition of WFTC in 2001, that station's existing news operation was moved into an auxiliary studio of KMSP as part of a slow merger (including limited story-sharing); after Fox canceled channel 29's newscast in 2006, some of WFTC's staff moved in full to KMSP.

On May 11, 2009, KMSP became the second station in the Twin Cities (behind KARE-TV) to broadcast local newscasts in high-definition.

Controversy
On June 16, 2006, during one of the station's newscasts, KMSP broadcast a "video news release" about convertibles produced by General Motors without required attribution that it was distributed by the auto giant. The narrator, MediaLink publicist Andrew Schmertz, was introduced as reporter André Schmertz. On March 24, 2011, the FCC levied a $4,000 fine against KMSP for airing the video news release without disclosing the corporate source of the segment to its viewers, following complaints filed by the Free Press and the Center for Media and Democracy in 2006 and 2007.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Randy Meier – anchor
 * Dawn Mitchell – anchor/reporter

Notable former on-air staff

 * Heidi Collins — news anchor (2010–2013); previously with CNN
 * Rod Grams — news anchor (1982–1991); later U.S. Senator (deceased)
 * Don Harrison — news anchor (1975–1979); later with Headline News (deceased)
 * Jack Horner — sports anchor (1950s) (deceased)
 * Bob Kurtz — sports anchor, Minnesota Twins play-by-play announcer (1979–1986), later with KSTP-AM, Minnesota Wild
 * George Noory — news director (late 1970s); later host of Coast To Coast AM
 * Hank Plante — news reporter (1979–1980); recipient of five Emmy Awards and a George Foster Peabody Award; later with KPIX-TV/San Francisco
 * Ahmad Rashad — sports anchor (1978); previously a player with the Minnesota Vikings and later host of NBA TV's NBA Inside Stuff
 * Harry Reasoner — KMSP's first news director/anchor (1950s); later with CBS News and ABC News (deceased)
 * Robyne Robinson — news anchor (1990–2010)

KMSP-TV/WFTC subchannels
The signal of KMSP-TV contains six subchannels, while WFTC's signal contains four. Through the use of virtual channels, WFTC's subchannels are associated with channel 9.

In November 2009, KMSP began broadcasting a standard definition simulcast of WFTC on its second subchannel (virtual channel 29.2), with WFTC's adding a standard definition simulcast of KMSP on its second subchannel (virtual channel 9.2) in turn. This ensures the reception of both stations, even in cases where the digital channels that KMSP and WFTC operate are not actually receivable.

On June 19, 2014, KMSP-TV announced plans that, effective June 24, 2014, they would broadcast their 9.1 virtual channel via RF channel 29 (with RF channel 9 mapping to 9.9) to take advantage of its broader coverage area and allow viewers with UHF-only antennas to receive the station in high definition. The Minneapolis–St. Paul market is unique in that all three television duopolies in the market, which besides KMSP/WFTC, include Twin Cities PBS stations KTCA/KTCI and Hubbard Broadcasting's KSTP and KSTC, have merged their various signals onto the same VHF channel slots for easier viewer reference (with all but KMSP-TV transmitting on UHF). KMSP and WFTC unified all of their over-the-air channels as virtual subchannels of KMSP. As a result, the virtual channels of WFTC changed to 9.

Analog-to-digital conversion
KMSP-TV originally broadcast its digital signal on UHF channel 26, which was remapped as virtual channel 9 on digital television receivers. The station shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 9, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 26 to VHF channel 9 for post-transition operations.

Broadcasting facilities
The KMSP TV Tower is located in Shoreview, Minnesota. KMSP owns the tower, which stands 1466 ft tall, but shares it with sister station WFTC and the Twin Cities PBS stations, KTCA and KTCI. Several FM stations are also on the tower: KQRS-FM ("92 KQRS"), KXXR ("93X"), KTCZ ("Cities 97.1"), KTIS-FM, KSJN, KFXN-FM ("The Fan"), KDWB, KEEY ("K102"), KMNB ("102.9 The Wolf"), and KZJK ("104.1 Jack FM").

Translators
In addition to the main transmitter in Shoreview and full-power KFTC-DT1 in Bemidji, KMSP/WFTC's signal is relayed to outlying parts of Minnesota through a network of translators.

The following translators rebroadcast WFTC:
 * Alexandria: K30AF-D
 * Frost: K29IF-D
 * Jackson: K34NU-D
 * Olivia: K34OZ-D
 * Redwood Falls: K19CV-D
 * St. James: K23MF-D
 * Walker: K21HX-D
 * Willmar: K30FZ-D

The following translators rebroadcast KMSP-TV:
 * Alexandria: K32EB-D
 * Frost: K19LJ-D
 * Jackson: K31NT-D
 * St. James: K16CG-D
 * Walker: K21HX-D
 * Willmar: K36OL-D

The following translators rebroadcast KFTC:
 * Brainerd: K20NH-D
 * Red Lake: K34NP-D

title: KMSP-TV


text:
Chateaubriand (dish)

Chateaubriand (sometimes called chateaubriand steak) is a dish that traditionally consists of a large front cut fillet of tenderloin grilled between two lesser pieces of meat that are discarded after cooking. While the term originally referred to the preparation of the dish, Auguste Escoffier named the specific front cut of the tenderloin the Chateaubriand.

In gastronomy of the 19th century, the steak for Chateaubriand could be cut from the sirloin, and served with a reduced sauce named Chateaubriand sauce or a similar, that was prepared with white wine and shallots moistened with demi-glace, and mixed with butter, tarragon, and lemon juice. It was also traditionally served with mushrooms.

Etymology and origins
A common practice in naming dishes is to name them after an individual. For example, the sandwich — two slices of bread with something between — was named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. Similar examples include carpaccio named after the Italian painter Vittore Carpaccio, and Chateaubriand named after the French author François-René de Chateaubriand. The dish has retained its capitalization while the other examples no longer retain their surname origins.

There are several stories about what the original dish was. With French origins, the Larousse Gastronomique indicates that the dish Chateaubriand was created by the namesake's personal chef, Montmireil, for the Vicomte François-René de Chateaubriand, at that time (1822) Ambassador of France in England. Montmireil also created what was originally called pudding a la Chateaubriand but would eventually be called simply pudding diplomate. An alternative spelling of the Vicomte's surname is Châteaubriant, which term the Dictionnaire de l'Académie des Gastronomes gives as the source of the beef-cattle bred at the town of Châteaubriant, in Loire-Atlantique, France.

Originally the term itself was applied to the manner of preparation of the meat; however, by the 1870s at its introduction to the English, the term was transferred to the steak or cut of meat itself. Steak originally called filet de bœuf was now served as Chateaubriand. Montmireil originally roasted the Chateaubriand between two lesser cuts of meat. This technique enhanced both flavor and juiciness of the steak.

Delmonico's
New York's Delmonico's Restaurant opened in 1827 as a pastry shop by Giovani and Pietro Delmonico but quickly expanded in 1830 to a full French restaurant. Louis Napoleon visited New York in 1837 and was a regular patron. Among the items on the first menu was "Beef tenderloin with sauce." In 1893, Charles Ranhofer, the former chef at Delmonico's Restaurant, described the exact cut of meat for his preparation method as being the center cuts of the beef tenderloin. This center loin is described by Ranhofer as having been given the name Chateaubriand. In this 1893 method, a twenty-ounce (pound and a quarter) tenderloin center is flattened to 3 cm and broiled over a slow but steady fire for 16 minutes for exceptionally rare, 18 minutes for medium, and 20 minutes for well done. The finished steak is served with maître d'hôtel butter or gravy.

Escoffier
French chef Georges Auguste Escoffier gave names to different steak cuts. Tournedos were the name given for the kernels of the fillet, cut into rounds. Escoffier states: Chateaubriands are obtained from the centre of the trimmed fillet of beef, cut two or three times the thickness of an ordinary fillet steak. However, when it is to be cooked by grilling the Chateaubriand should not be more than 500 g in weight as, if larger than this, the outside tends to become too dry and hard before the inside is properly cooked. In modern practice though, Chateaubriands are served with any of the sauces and garnishes suitable for Tournedos and fillet steaks. While he gives the name to the cut of meat, Escoffier only mentions the Vicomte François-René de Chateaubriand as being the inventor of the sauce named after him. However, the Auguste Escoffier School of the Culinary Arts states: Chateaubriand is actually a recipe which is usually grilled or broiled and served with Bearnaise and chateau potatoes, which are trimmed into olive shapes and sauteed in butter. It is normally cut from the center part of the tenderloin big enough for two people.

Planked preparation and presentation
In the February edition of the periodical Good Housekeeping published in 1917, inside the article "The Plank versus the Platter" by Katherine Campion, the author states, "Until very recently, a Beefsteak Chateaubriand was always cooked and served on an oaken plank. But now the custom of broiling the steak and serving it from a silver platter has replaced the plank". The publication credits Vicomte François-René de Chateaubriand for originating the cooking method for his meats and game which were served with rich sauces and garnishes. Oak planks add a substantial amount of flavor to the meat and are practical for both hotel and home cooking. Planks were sold both plain and with silver tray stands for presentation. Some well constructed planks had carved grooves for the juices to channel into a shallow well. The author's instructions for preparation suggest thickly cut tenderloin, porterhouse, or rump steak. The meat is skewered into shape and broiled on one side. While the meat broils, the plank is placed into the hot oven to heat until smoking. When ready, remove the plank from the oven and butter. After the meat has cooked from 5 to 7 minutes, remove it from the broiler and place onto the plank, cooked side down. Mashed potatoes are then piped through a pastry bag with a rose tube directly onto the plank, surrounding the meat in a wavy border or other, more complicated, decoration. Stuffed bell peppers or, alternatively, stuffed tomatoes are arranged, one per person, pressed into the potato border. Sautéed mushrooms are added on top and the entire plank is placed back into a hot oven until the meat is cooked to liking and the potatoes are lightly browned and the vegetables tender. The meat is then seasoned with salt, pepper, and paprika with a little butter rubbed on the meat and a final garnishing with sprays of watercress is added.

Modern preparations
By the 1950s in the United States, Chateaubriand became a treat for upscale guests in Las Vegas, Nevada, eventually becoming a staple of the local supper clubs referred to as gourmet rooms that were found on and off the Las Vegas Strip. According to Woman's Day magazine in 1966, "A Chateaubriand steak in most modern restaurants is a thick slice of tenderloin, larded with beef fat or bacon, and broiled to the desired degree of doneness (à point, as the French say), then served up with Chateaubriand Sauce."

In the 1985 book, Contemporary Cooking, by James Charlton, the dish "Chateaubriand with Duchesse Potatoes" is prepared by broiling the steak until not quite done and then placing the nearly cooked steaks onto a plank surrounded with mushrooms, tomatoes, and piped duchess potatoes around the meat and vegetables and then placed back into the broiler for the steak to finish and the potatoes to lightly brown.

Accompaniments

 * Maître d'hôtel butter
 * Duchess potatoes
 * Chateaubriand potatoes, also called chateau potatoes or pommes de terre château (potatoes sautéed in butter), is a tournée-cut potato that is 5 cm in length.
 * Bouquetière or à la bouquetière is an arrangement of vegetables around a roast to resemble flowers. Carrots, turnips, and potatoes browned in butter with cauliflower in Hollandaise sauce are often used as well as glazed olive-turned vegetables (cut to a perfect barrel shape) with a sherry -flavoured jus Lié (juice that has been lightly thickened) on the side.

Sauces

 * Chateaubriand sauce (sometimes referred to as "crapaudine sauce" ) is a culinary sauce that is typically served with red meat. It is prepared in a series of reductions, and typically accompanies Chateaubriand steak.  Other dishes, such as tournedos villaret and villemer tournedos, also incorporate the sauce in their preparation. The origin of this sauce is subject to debate. Some credit its creation to chef Montmireil, while others speculate that it originated at the Champeaux restaurant following the publication of de Chateaubriand's book, Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem (Itinerary from Paris to Jerusalem). The sauce is prepared with shallots, mushroom, thyme, bay leaf, tarragon, white wine, brown veal stock and beurre maître d'hôtel (sweet butter infused with parsley). Additional ingredients may include meat glaze, demi-glace, pan drippings, onion, lemon juice, cayenne pepper, peppercorn and salt.    The preparation involves cooking all of the ingredients together except for the brown veal stock and beurre maître d'hôtel, until it is reduced by two-thirds of the original content. After this, the veal stock is added in proportions equal to the amount of wine that was originally used before the reduction, and this mixture is then reduced to half its size. The final step is for the mixture to be strained and then topped with chopped tarragon and beurre maître d'hôtel. The sauce is commonly served with Chateaubriand steak prepared and served with potatoes.  A dish that incorporates Chateaubriand sauce is tournedos villaret, in which mushroom caps are filled with the sauce and placed atop tournedos, all of which are placed atop tartlets filled with kidney bean purée. The sauce is sometimes served in a separate side dish, rather than atop meats, such as with the dish villemer tournedos, which is prepared with fried tournedos placed atop fried chicken croquettes, along with tongue, mushroom and truffle.
 * Béarnaise sauce is commonly served with Chateaubriand. Châteaubriand sauce béarnaise is described as a double fillet steak with béarnaise sauce and is served with pommes fondantes.
 * Colbert sauce

title: Chateaubriand (dish)