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Enomoto

Enomoto (written: 榎本 or 永野元) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Aoi Enomoto (榎本 葵), Japanese baseball player
 * Atsuko Enomoto (榎本 温子), Japanese voice actress and singer
 * Ayako Enomoto (榎本 亜弥子), Japanese model and actress
 * Chikatoshi Enomoto (榎本 千花俊), Japanese painter
 * Daiki Enomoto (榎本 大輝), Japanese footballer
 * Daisuke Enomoto (榎本 大輔), Japanese business executive and space tourist
 * Isami Enomoto (1929-2016), American ceramicist
 * Jun Enomoto (榎本 潤), Japanese footballer
 * Kanako Enomoto (榎本 加奈子), Japanese actress
 * Kenichi Enomoto (榎本 健一), Japanese comedian
 * Kodai Enomoto (榎本 滉大), Japanese footballer
 * Kurumi Enomoto (榎本 くるみ), Japanese singer-songwriter
 * Nariko Enomoto (榎本 ナリコ), Japanese manga artist
 * Enomoto Seifu (榎本 星布), Japanese poet
 * Shinsaku Enomoto (榎本 新作), Japanese basketball player
 * Shunji Enomoto (榎本 俊二), Japanese manga artist
 * Enomoto Takeaki (榎本 武揚), Admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * Tatsuya Enomoto (榎本 達也), Japanese footballer
 * Tetsuya Enomoto (榎本 哲也), Japanese footballer
 * Yoshino Enomoto (永野元 佳乃), Japanese ice hockey player
 * Rika Enomoto (榎本　梨香), Japanese Blogger

Fictional characters

 * Kei Enomoto (江ノ本 慧), a character in the manga series First Love Limited
 * Yuiko Enomoto (榎本 結子), a character in the manga series Love Lab

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Enomoto


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Talk:Barton-upon-Humber

Untitled
This is a home page for the town http://www.bartonuponhumber.org.uk

Where did the information about Carr and Huntley come from? I believe they have connections to Barton, but their flat was in Barrow on Humber, 3 miles away. 212.240.35.82 14:37, 23 March 2007 (UTC)BC

Hailstorm monument
Is this the Barton, Lincolnshire that has a monument to a hailstorm in 1883? The monument is made of bricks which were being made during the storm and still carry indentations from the hailstones. Totnesmartin (talk) 16:15, 18 February 2008 (UTC) I lived there for 18 years, and never heard of this. Humbersi (talk) 21:59, 21 October 2010 (UTC) According to J.D.C. Webb, 'Severe hailstorms in Britain and Ireland, a climatological survey and hazard assessment' in Atmospheric Research 93 (2009), p.602, yes it was...
 * Great destruction accompanied this H6 hailstorm across North Lincolnshire. It is commemorated by a monument in Barton-on-Humber which was made out of bricks dented by the hailstones while being sand dried; 15 tons of glass were reported broken in the town. The swath was SSE–NNW from Caistor to Barton.(Meteorological Record, R Met Soc 1883). This storm was the culmination of a very thundery week; e.g. severe hailstorms also featured in the Midlands on 29th June.

Cannot think where the monument or bricks are now though ! --Semutfu (talk) 18:02, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

Henry Treece was the senior English master at the grammar school but he was never headmaster, that was Norman Goddard. David Mansell, a pupil at the school1958-65 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.208.20.4 (talk) 23:00, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

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David Mason
This name was added to the 'notable people' section: "David Paul Mason MBE born 1974 Royal Marines 1992 till 2020". I can find no secondary references linking Mason to Barton, but a partial biography is here. Should additional sources linking him to Barton turn up, he can be added in.Zakhx150 (talk) 13:16, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barton-upon-Humber


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Richard Livsey, Baron Livsey of Talgarth

Richard Arthur Lloyd Livsey, Baron Livsey of Talgarth (2 May 1935 – 16 September 2010) was a British Liberal Democrat politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brecon and Radnorshire from 1985 to 1992, and again from 1997 to 2001.

Family and education
He was the son of Arthur Norman Livsey and Lilian Maisie (née James). His father was a seacaptain who died in Iraq when Richard was just three years old. He was therefore brought up in a single parent household by his mother, Lilian, who was a local teacher and headmistress. It was she who had a great influence in his life.

Baron Livsey was educated at Talgarth County Primary, Bedales School, Seale-Hayne Agricultural College and Reading University (MSc in agricultural management).

On 3 April 1964 he married Irene Earsman of Castle Douglas, Galloway, Scotland, and they went on to have two sons and one daughter.

Employment history
Livsey was an agricultural development officer for ICI from 1961 to 1967. He then went on to become the farm manager on the Blairdrummond Estate in Perthshire from 1967 to 1971. He then returned to Wales as a senior lecturer at the Welsh Agricultural College, Llanbadarn Fawr until 1985. He had one further spell in employment outside of Westminster politics when he lost office in 1992, as the Development Manager of ATB-Landbase Cymru from 1993 to 1997.

Political career
Livsey joined the Liberal Party in Wales in 1960. In 1970 he stood unsuccessfully as the party's Scottish candidate in Perth and East Perthshire. When he returned to Wales he became active in the Welsh Liberal Party and stood unsuccessfully for Pembroke in 1979 and Brecon and Radnor in 1983. Livsey had been a keen supporter and activist during the 1979 St David's Day referendum on a Welsh Assembly on behalf of the Yes Campaign. He continued to be central to the pro devolution cause and was the leader of the Liberal Democrat campaign in the successful 1997 Welsh devolution referendum.

Livsey won his home constituency at the second attempt at the 1985 Brecon and Radnor by-election (it subsequently became Brecon and Radnorshire), as a Liberal, with a majority of 559. The by-election was one of the most notable successes of the SDP-Liberal Alliance period. It was the only Welsh Liberal parliamentary gain in Wales.

With a background as a farm manager and lecturer in farm management, he joined Parliament's Select Committee on Agriculture. Livsey joined a group of three Welsh Liberal MPs (the others being his friend and mentor Geraint Howells, and Alex Carlile). He held the same seat in the 1987 general election, subsequently becoming the Liberal Democrat spokesman on Wales, and held the position of Leader of the Party in Wales from 1988 to 1992. He was also a member of the Welsh Affairs Select Committee.

He lost the Brecon & Radnorshire seat at the 1992 United Kingdom general election by the narrow margin of 130 votes, but regained it again at the 1997 United Kingdom general election, with a majority of over 5,000. He then became leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats until he stood down in 2001. In that same year he was ennobled as Baron Livsey of Talgarth. As well as being a central figure in Welsh Liberal politics in the post war era Baron Livsey's main success was to build Brecon and Radnor into a Liberal Democrat stronghold which enabled Kirsty Williams (Assembly Member) and his successor Roger Williams to further strengthen the Liberal Democrat hold there.

Livsey was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1994 Birthday Honours.

Involvement with the community
Livsey was an extremely active as a constituency MP and remained involved with the community, afterwards. He was patron of and active in many of the organisations in Brecon and Radnor. These included a role as President of the Hay Festival, chairman of the Brecon Jazz Festival and a member of the Talgarth Male Choir. He sang with them at their appearance at the Royal Albert Hall in 2009.

He was succeeded by Roger Williams at the 2001 United Kingdom general election and was created a life peer on 28 August 2001 with the title Baron Livsey of Talgarth of Talgarth in the County of Powys.

He became a fellow of Aberystwyth University in 2007.


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Orel Hershiser

Orel Leonard Hershiser IV (born September 16, 1958) is an American former baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1983 to 2000. He later became a pitching coach for the Texas Rangers from 2002 to 2005 and a broadcast color analyst for the Dodgers. He is also a professional poker player.

After playing baseball in high school at Cherry Hill High School East and at Bowling Green State University, Hershiser was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1979. After several years in the minor leagues, he made his major league debut with the Dodgers in 1983. During his tenure with the team, Hershiser was a three-time All-Star, finishing in the top five in Cy Young voting four times in his first six full seasons. Hershiser's most successful season came in 1988, when he set a major league record by pitching 59 consecutive innings without allowing a run. He helped lead the Dodgers to a championship in the 1988 World Series, and was named the National League (NL) Championship Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and the World Series MVP. That season, he won the NL Cy Young Award and an NL Gold Glove Award. He later pitched in two more World Series and earned the American League Championship Series MVP Award. After 12 seasons with the Dodgers, Hershiser spent time with the Cleveland Indians, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets before returning to Los Angeles for his final season. After retirement as a player, he briefly worked as a coach and team executive for the Texas Rangers before serving as a color analyst for ESPN and then the Dodgers.

Known for his slight frame and fierce competitive spirit, Hershiser was nicknamed "Bulldog" by former Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda, who managed Hershiser during his time with the Dodgers.

Early life
Hershiser was born in Buffalo, New York, to Orel Leonard III and Mildred Hershiser. The family moved to Detroit, Michigan, when he was six and to Toronto, Ontario, when he was 12. At age eight, Hershiser was the third-place finisher in a national hit, run, and throw competition. Hershiser played in Little League Baseball until he was 12. His father was a coach and league administrator and his mother ran the snackbar. During his family's time in Canada, he participated in ice hockey with the Don Mills Flyers in the Greater Toronto Hockey League.

His family moved again and he attended Cherry Hill High School East in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. He did not make the varsity team until his junior year as he spent his first year on the freshman team and his second year on the junior varsity. He set the single-game strikeout record for his high school in 1976 when he retired 15 batters in a game against Deptford, a record that stood for 21 years. He also remains on the school's leaderboards in career winning percentage, strikeouts and earned run average (ERA). He was an all-conference selection his senior year.

Hershiser received only a partial scholarship from Bowling Green State University. As a freshman he played little baseball and was academically ineligible as a sophomore. He left school and hitchhiked home, where his parents convinced him to return to school. He enrolled in summer school to bring his grades up and worked at his father's paper company during the summer. He grew and gained 15 lb that summer, which added 5 mph to his fastball and got him more playing time. He made the all-Mid-American Conference All-Star team his junior year, during which he pitched a no-hitter against Kent State on May 4, 1979. He won that game 2–0 despite only striking out two batters. In his only full-time season with the baseball team, in 1979, he was 6–2 with a 2.26 ERA.

Hershiser was also a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. One of his fraternity brothers played a joke on him on draft day, pretending to be a scout from the San Diego Padres calling to tell him he was drafted in the first round. After getting excited and starting to call his friends, he realized it was a hoax.

Minor league career
The Los Angeles Dodgers selected Hershiser in the 17th round of the 1979 Major League Baseball draft. The original scouting report on him for the draft said that he had poor control, a weak fastball, and threw the curveball incorrectly. It went on to state that he rattled easily and had questionable makeup.

The Dodgers assigned him to their Class A farm team in the Midwest League, the Clinton Dodgers. He started four games for Clinton in 1979, and appeared in 11 more out of the bullpen to finish with a 4–0 record with a 2.09 ERA.

Hershiser spent the next two seasons in AA with the San Antonio Dodgers of the Texas League. He worked primarily as a reliever at San Antonio. He was leading the league in saves at one point but then gave up 20 runs in seven innings on a road trip. He called this point the lowest of his career. He wanted to quit but the manager and pitching coach talked him out of it.

Hershiser was promoted to the Triple-A Albuquerque Dukes of the Pacific Coast League in 1982. He was 9–6 with a 3.71 ERA in 47 games, with seven starts. He was almost included in a trade with the Texas Rangers that season, but catcher Jim Sundberg wanted his contract re-written before agreeing to the deal and the Dodgers backed out of the transaction.

Hershiser won the Mulvey Award as the Dodgers top rookie in spring training in 1983 and expected to make the club but was sent back to Albuquerque where he was briefly reunited with pitching coach Rocky Giordani. He was 10–8 with a 4.09 ERA for the Dukes in 1983 in 49 games, with 10 starts and 16 saves.

Early years (1983–1987)
The Dodgers promoted Hershiser to the major leagues for the first time on September 1, 1983. He made his debut the same day, against the Montreal Expos. He came into the game in the seventh inning and retired all three batters he faced on two ground outs and a strikeout (of Tim Wallach). However, in his second inning of work he allowed a double and a single for a run and was promptly taken out of the game. In eight appearances that month, he had an ERA of 3.38.

Hershiser played winter ball in the Dominican Republic after the season and worked with pitching coach Dave Wallace on his delivery. He was almost arrested when some fireworks his friends were setting off for a New Year's party hit a Dominican General's house, but Dodger coach Manny Mota intervened on his behalf.

Hershiser made the Dodgers Opening Day roster for the 1984 season as the last man in the bullpen and was mostly used as a long reliever early on. His first win was in a 12-inning game against the St. Louis Cardinals on April 5. After getting pounded in one game, he received such a loud, verbal lashing from Dodger manager Tommy Lasorda that his teammates took to calling it the "sermon on the mound". Lasorda told Hershiser that he was too timid on the mound, giving hitters too much respect. He gave him the nickname "Bulldog" so that he would have a tougher attitude in games.

Hershiser made his first start on May 26 against the New York Mets because of an injury to Jerry Reuss. He pitched six innings and allowed only one run. He became a full-fledged starter in the Dodger rotation in July and responded by pitching four complete game shutouts that month, which was good enough to tie for the most in the Majors that season (with Joaquín Andújar and teammate Alejandro Peña). He finished the season with a record of 11–8 and a 2.66 ERA in 45 games (20 starts).

In the 1985 season he led the National League (NL) in winning percentage, compiling a 19–3 record with a 2.03 ERA. The Dodgers won the NL West, and Hershiser finished third in Cy Young Award voting. He also saw his first postseason action, pitching in two games in the 1985 National League Championship Series. In the 1986 season, Hershiser went 14–14 with a 3.85 ERA. The next season he was selected to his first All-Star Game while compiling a 16–16 record with a 3.06 ERA.

Cy Young, scoreless streak, and World Series (1988)
Hershiser started to feel sick playing golf a week before pitchers and catchers reported, and it was discovered he needed an emergency appendectomy. The Dodgers planned to hold him back in spring training, but instead let him go through it normally after he was fine during workouts on day one.

Hershiser in 1988 led the league in wins (23), innings (267), shutouts (8) and complete games (15). He was third in ERA at 2.26. He finished the season with a record 59 consecutive scoreless innings pitched, breaking the mark of $58 2/3$ innings, held by former Dodger Don Drysdale. The streak began on August 30, when he pitched four scoreless innings to conclude a game and the record was broken when he pitched 10 shutout innings, on 116 pitches, in the final game of the season. He was selected to his second all-star game and was a unanimous selection for the National League Cy Young Award. He also won the Gold Glove Award for the best fielding pitcher in the National League.

In the 1988 National League Championship Series between Hershiser's Dodgers and the New York Mets, Hershiser not only started Games 1 and 3, but recorded the final out in Game 4 in relief for a save. He then pitched a complete-game shutout in Game 7 and was selected as the NLCS MVP. He then pitched a shutout in Game 2 of the World Series and allowed only two runs in a complete game in the clinching victory in Game 5, winning the World Series MVP Award.

Hershiser is the only player to receive the Cy Young Award, the Championship Series MVP Award, and the World Series MVP Award in the same season. He later received both The Sporting News Pitcher of the Year and Sports Illustrated magazine's Sportsman of the Year award for his accomplishments in 1988.

Final years with Dodgers (1989–1994)
Hershiser signed a new $7.9 million three-year contract with the Dodgers prior to the 1989 season that was the richest three-year contract ever signed to that point.

That season, he made his third straight All-Star team and he had another good year with an ERA of 2.31 in 35 games. However, the Dodgers weren't as good and he suffered from a lack of offensive support. He went 0–7 over one nine-game stretch because the team only scored nine runs total in that period. He had a 15–15 record that season but only evened it out because he pitched 11 innings in the last game of the season and threw 169 pitches. He was determined to stay in until his team took the lead, no matter what the manager wanted.

After just four starts in 1990, it was discovered that Hershiser had a torn labrum in the shoulder of his pitching arm. Dr. Frank Jobe performed shoulder reconstruction surgery on Hershiser on April 27, 1990, the first time the procedure had been performed on a major league player. He did not rejoin the Dodgers until May 29, 1991, a return that he called "a miracle." Two games later, he picked up his 100th career win against the Chicago Cubs on June 9, 1991. In 21 starts, he was 7–2 with a 3.46 ERA. He won his last six decisions and was selected as the UPI Comeback Player of the Year.

There were still questions about his recovery heading into 1992, but he managed to pitch 33 games in both 1992 and 1993. His numbers were not what they were before the surgery, but he was still effective. He was 10–15 with a 3.67 ERA in 1992 and 12–14 with a 3.59 ERA in 1993. Notably in 1993, Hershiser hit .356 in 83 plate appearances, earning a Silver Slugger Award.

In his final start of 1994, on August 7, Hershiser took a no-hit bid into the sixth inning before it was broken up. The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike ended the season on August 11. Hershiser was involved in the negotiations as part of the Major League Baseball Players Association but the strike signaled the end of his time with the Dodgers and he became a free agent.

Cleveland Indians (1995–1997)
Hershiser signed a three-year contract with the Cleveland Indians on April 8, 1995. Indians General Manager John Hart said that the team was looking for a veteran with "character and competitiveness" to show the young players how to play the right way. He went 16–6 with a 3.87 ERA in 26 starts for the Indians in 1995 to lead the young team to their first post-season appearance in 41 years.

Hershiser won the two games he pitched in the 1995 American League Championship Series (ALCS) against the Seattle Mariners and was selected as the ALCS MVP, the first player to have won the LCS MVP Award in both leagues. He also pitched effectively in the 1995 World Series against the Atlanta Braves, though the Indians would lose the series in six games.

He pitched two more seasons for the Indians, and was 14–6 for the 1997 team, including pitching seven shutout innings in Game 3 of the 1997 ALCS. In his final World Series appearance in 1997 he gave up 13 runs in 10 innings and lost 2 games to the Florida Marlins.

Though he pitched for the Indians for only three seasons, Hershiser became something of a folk hero in Cleveland. One memorable image from his tenure is of Hershiser screaming "Take that!" at the Braves dugout after starting a 1–3 double play late in game five of the 1995 World Series.

Later career (1998–2000)
Hershiser signed a one-year $3.45 million contract with the San Francisco Giants on December 7, 1997, but his age was beginning to catch up to him. He made 34 starts and was 11–10 with a 4.41 ERA in 1998. The contract contained an option for 1999 but the Giants declined the option after the season. At the time they said they might come to terms on a new deal. Instead he signed a minor league contract with the Indians on February 20, 1999.

The Indians released him during spring training and he signed with the New York Mets on March 25, 1999. Hershiser made 32 starts with the Mets and was 13–12 with a 4.58 ERA. He served as a mentor to the young pitchers on the Mets staff and helped them make the playoffs by allowing just one run in $5 1/3$ innings in a 2–1 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the last game of the season. He pitched out of the bullpen in the playoffs as the Mets lost to the Braves in the 1999 National League Championship Series.

Hershiser signed a one-year contract to return to the Dodgers on December 17, 1999. He started the home opener on April 14, 2000, against the Reds and allowed only one run in six strong innings. He struggled after that, allowed 36 runs on 42 hits, 14 walks and 11 hit batters. His 13.14 ERA in 2000 is the worst ERA by any pitcher with 20 or more innings. One day after allowing eight runs in $1 2/3$ innings on June 26, he was released by the Dodgers.

Pitching style
Hershiser was not an overpowering pitcher, but he developed a variety of pitches and outthought hitters. Hershiser explained his pitch repertoire in 1989 as follows:
 * I have a sinking fastball to either side of the plate, a cutter (which changes the direction of my fastball so it breaks instead of sinking) to either side of the plate, a curveball I throw at three speeds and three angles, a straight change—using the same arm speed and position as a fastball but with a grip and a release that slows it dramatically, and changeups to different locations that I throw off my sinker which look like batting practice fastballs. Different locations, different speeds, and slightly different arm angles on all those pitches give me a wide palette of choices.

By 1999, he noted that his pitches were not as sharp, so he added a slider to the mix. He also emphasized locating his pitches in good spots: "You'll hear pitchers say, 'I had great stuff and got shelled,' but you never hear them say, 'I had great location and got shelled.

Post-retirement
Hershiser remained with the Dodgers briefly as a player-personnel consultant. He went to AAA Albuquerque and filed one report but there wasn't much for him to do, so he left the position.

He was subsequently hired to work on broadcasts of the Little League World Series for ABC and ESPN in 2000–2001. He also worked on Wednesday Night Baseball for ESPN during the 2001 season.

Hershiser left that position to join the Texas Rangers as a special assistant to General Manager John Hart in fall of 2001 and was named as the Rangers pitching coach on June 22, 2002. In October 2005 Hershiser was mentioned as a candidate to replace Jim Tracy as manager of the Dodgers, but the position went to Grady Little. He was also mentioned as a possible replacement for Ken Macha of the Oakland Athletics; however, he was ultimately passed over for Bob Geren. He left his position of Rangers pitching coach after the 2005 season to become an executive director of the Rangers, reporting to Club President Jeff Cogen. He did not last long in that position as he quit on February 3, 2006.

On February 13, 2006, Hershiser rejoined ESPN as an analyst for Baseball Tonight, Sunday Night Baseball, and the Little League World Series.

Through a group that included fellow former Dodger Steve Garvey, Hershiser became involved in the bidding process for the Dodgers when the team was up for sale in 2011–12. His group did not make it past the first round of the bidding.

In 2014, Hershiser left ESPN and rejoined the Dodgers as a television analyst for their new regional sports network SportsNet LA. At the time, he teamed with Charley Steiner and Nomar Garciaparra to call Dodger road games not played in California when Vin Scully reduced his travel. Since 2017, he has worked with Joe Davis as the primary broadcast team for Dodger baseball following Scully's retirement at the end of the 2016 season.

Poker
Hershiser started playing poker competitively in 2006. After retirement from baseball, he moved to Summerlin, Nevada, and befriended a poker instructor. He became a regular at Red Rock's poker room in Summerlin, playing $2–$5 No Limit Hold'em.

Hershiser signed with Poker Royalty to represent his poker career. He was invited to participate in the 2008 NBC National Heads-Up Poker Championship. Playing under the PokerStars banner, Hershiser stunned the poker world by making the quarterfinals, defeating 2006 event champion Ted Forrest, Allen Cunningham, and Freddy Deeb —players who had won a total of 12 World Series of Poker bracelets heading into the event. Andy Bloch defeated him in the quarterfinals.

Hershiser has played in a number of events, including the 2008 World Series of Poker and the 2009 PokerStars Caribbean Adventure. Hershiser won $54,570 on September 7, 2008, by taking ninth place in the $10,000 Pokerstars World Championship of Online Poker Event 5. Hershiser also has made a tradition of giving an autographed baseball to the poker player who eliminates him.

Personal life
Hershiser is descended from a Hessian soldier who came to North America to fight in the American Revolutionary War. There had been people named Orel in his family "for longer than anyone can remember" and he was teased for the name as a child. He did not know until he was informed by Martina Navratilova during the filming of a commercial that it meant eagle in Czech.

Hershiser and his first wife, Jamie Byars, divorced in 2005. They have two sons, Orel Leonard V (known as Quinton) and Jordan. In 2010, Hershiser married his second wife, Dana Deaver. Jordan graduated from St. Mark's School of Texas in 2007, where he earned all-conference honors in baseball and basketball, and played college baseball at the University of Southern California as a pitcher and first baseman. Despite his college career being hampered by injuries, Jordan was drafted by the Dodgers in the 34th round of the 2012 MLB draft. Hershiser and Deaver live in Las Vegas with Deaver's two children.

Hershiser is an active Christian. He was a guest star on the 1992 episode of the Christian children's video series McGee and Me! "Take Me Out of the Ball Game". On an appearance on The Tonight Show after the 1988 World Series, Johnny Carson talked him into singing hymns for the audience.

title: Orel Hershiser


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Branch Brook Park

Branch Brook Park is a county park of Essex County, New Jersey. It is located in the North Ward of Newark, between the neighborhoods of Forest Hill and Roseville. A portion of the park is also located within the Township of Belleville. At 360 acre, Branch Brook Park is the largest public park in the city of Newark. The park is noted for the largest collection of cherry blossom trees in the United States, having over 5,000 in more than eighteen different varieties collectively called Cherryblossomland, as well as its spectacular Cherry Blossom Festival each April.

The area had served as an Army training ground during the American Civil War. At the time, the northern portion of the area had been a marsh known as Old Blue Jay Swamp. In 1867, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, the designers of Central Park, presented their report on the site to the Board of Commissioners of the Newark Park. It recommended Concourse Hill, with its commanding views of Newark and distant Manhattan, as the best location for the park.

The park was formally created almost three decades later, in 1895, by the newly created Essex County Parks Commission, making it the nation's first county park. In 1898, a public appropriation financed the conversion of the swamp into a landscaped lake. The initial park was only 60 acre in size but grew in the 1920s through private donations from prominent Newark families, such as the Ballantines, eventually reaching the city limit with Belleville and becoming one of the largest urban parks in the United States. The Morris Canal originally ran on the park's west side, until its old bed was turned into the Newark City Subway, providing access to the park from Downtown Newark.

The first designs of the park, based largely on romantic garden themes, were proposed in 1895 and 1898, after the Parks Commission hired several architectural firms to plan the park. In 1900, the commission hired the Olmsted Brothers firm to redesign the park. The result was the park's current naturalistic look and feel, with acres of meadows and forests, in a manner similar to their father's earlier designs of Central Park and Prospect Park.

The park is home to many architecturally significant structures, including bridges, buildings, gates, and sculptures. Many of these were designed by the beaux-arts architectural firm of Carrère and Hastings headed by John Merven Carrère and Thomas Hastings. The pair designed two Subway Bridges now referred to as Subway 1, East and Subway 2, West.

The famous cherry trees were the result of a 1927 gift from Caroline Bamberger Fuld, sister of department store magnate Louis Bamberger and widow of the store's vice president. The Cherry Blossom Festival attracts approximately 10,000 visitors each April. Branch Brook Park also features a lake and a pond.

During World War II, the park's grounds served a tent city for recruits, as well as a landing strip for airplanes of the United States Postal Service.

The neighborhood on the east side of the park, Forest Hill, is Newark's most affluent. Also on the east side of the park is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart Basilica, one of the largest cathedrals in the United States.

It has been placed on both the New Jersey (1980) and National (1981) Registers of Historic Places.

In 1999 Branch Brook Park began a $25 million ten-year restoration program. In 2004, the Park Avenue bridge was repaired, as were the baseball fields in the center of the park. In 2007, a plan was created to provide for more than 5,000 cherry trees in the park and renovate and rename the Welcome Center. The plan uses a $650,000 grant from the Essex County Recreation and the Open Space Trust Fund from 2006 and private donations.

In 2012, statues dedicated to sports figures Althea Gibson and Roberto Clemente were unveiled in the park. In 2013 the park was in the final phase of the restoration plan.

title: Branch Brook Park


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Bejeweled (video game)

Bejeweled (also referred as Bejeweled Deluxe in some releases) is a tile-matching puzzle video game by PopCap Games, developed initially for browsers in 2001. The first game developed by PopCap under their current name, Bejeweled involves lining up three or more multi-colored gems to clear them from the game board, with chain reactions potentially following.

Originally starting out as a Java web browser game titled Diamond Mine, Bejeweled would later be developed into a retail title and was released for PCs on May 30, 2001, with the name Bejeweled Deluxe.

The game sold over 10 million copies and has been downloaded more than 150 million times. The game was followed by several sequels and spin-offs, with the game being followed by a direct sequel in 2004.

Gameplay
The main objective of Bejeweled involves attempting to swap two adjacent gems of seven colors (colored red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and white) to create a line or row of three or more gems, which disappear once lined up. Lining up more than four gems or performing multiple matches at once awards bonus points. When gems are cleared from the board, gems above the game board fall downwards, potentially causing chain reactions, which award more points to the player. The player is able to use the Hint button to find a match, but will subtract points and reduce the progress bar if used.

Bejeweled features two game modes, each with a different set of rules.

The Normal (Simple in the web version) game mode involves attempting to score as many points as possible. Scoring points fills up the progress bar on the bottom of the screen. When filled completely, the player progresses to the next level, where the board is reset, and the points multiplier is increased by 0.5. (On Level 1, a match of three is worth 10 points, on Level 2 it is worth 15, on Level 3 20, etc.) The number of points required to reach the next level also increases in turn. When no more moves are possible, the game ends.

The Time Trial (Timed in the web version) game mode features similar rules to the Normal mode, with the only difference being that the progress bar drains when the player is not making any moves. The progress bar starts halfway at the beginning of each level, and drains away faster in later levels. When the bar empties, the game ends. If the player runs out of moves in this mode, a new game board appears instead of getting a game over.

Development
Development on Bejeweled began around 2000 following Sexy Action Cool's rebranding to PopCap Games, with the team wanting to make a game that was "simple, web-based, and made in Java". Diamond Mine was mainly based on Colors Game (Shariki), a game that involves matching three or more colored boxes, but lacked unique visuals, animation or sound. The development team disliked the presentation (as the game was poorly coded and needed a page refresh for every move) but liked the gameplay, which led them to recreate the game with an improved presentation. The team decided to give the playing pieces (which were originally squares) unique looks to give them personality, and make the game accessible for colorblind people. The team decided on what objects would be used as the playing pieces. Fruits were considered at one point, but was rejected since many fruits "looked too round". Gems were considered as well, but was rejected after not being able to find interesting variations of gemstones on the internet. The team decided to use simple geometric shapes, but found them to be boring, until game designer Jason Kapalka brought up ideas for playing pieces; a few of them which involved transforming the geometrical shapes to give them a "gem-like appearance", which led to gems being used in the final product.

Originally, the game was planned to release without any timed modes, but a time limit feature was added to give the game "an arcade-like feel". Around the time the game was almost finished, a difficulty level without the time limit was added in-game as the default starting level, which was intended to act as a tutorial. Diamond Mine was developed on the Java platform and was released for web browsers in November 2000. The game's original name, Diamond Mine, was named after the song by Canadian country rock band Blue Rodeo, and featured a cave mining theme. Development on Diamond Mine lasted less than a month.

PopCap later developed Diamond Mine into a full title with partnership of Microsoft, which allowed the Microsoft Zone and other game sites to host Bejeweled, including advertisement versions of the game. However Microsoft suggested a name change as the name sounded too similar to an existing game, Diamond Mines, and wanted a unique name of the game for their website. Microsoft suggested the name Bejeweled, a pun to the film Bedazzled, along with other names. Originally, game designer Jason Kapalka heavily disliked the Bejeweled name out of all the names suggested, but eventually the team went with the Bejeweled name. Development on Bejeweled Deluxe lasted about three months. Jason Kapalka provided the voice of the announcer in the game. The soundtrack for Bejeweled Deluxe was composed by Peter Hajba.

Release
The original release of Bejeweled, Diamond Mine, was released for browsers in November 2000. The retail version of the game, Bejeweled Deluxe, featured pre-rendered 3D sprites, in-game music, a save feature and more. It was originally released for Microsoft Windows on May 30, 2001. A port for Mac OS X was developed and published by MacPlay and released on June 28, 2002.

Ports and re-releases
The game has been ported to several different platforms following the release of Bejeweled Deluxe. Ports for the BlackBerry PDA, Palm OS and Windows Mobile were developed by Astraware and released in 2001. A version for Xbox was developed by Oberon Media and released as a downloadable Xbox Live Arcade game. A web app version of the game made for iOS Safari was released on October 11, 2007. A plug-and-play version of the game was developed by PopCap and HotGen, and published by Jakks Pacific in 2008. A version for the iPod Clickwheel was developed by Astraware and was released on September 12, 2006.

A version of the game for Java-supported cell phones was published by Electronic Arts in 2008.

The iPod, Java and plug-and-play versions of the game feature Bejeweled 2 graphics and sound, instead of the game's original graphics and sound.

Legacy
The success of the game led to the creation of several sequels and spin-offs, with Bejeweled 2, a sequel to the game, releasing in 2004. Other sequels include Bejeweled 3, Bejeweled Twist, Bejeweled Blitz, Bejeweled Stars and more.

In 2020, Bejeweled was inducted into the World Video Game Hall of Fame.

title: Bejeweled (video game)


text:
Latin honors

Latin honors are a system of Latin phrases used in some colleges and universities to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree has been earned. The system is primarily used in the United States. It is also used in some Southeastern Asian countries with European colonial history, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, and African countries such as Zambia and South Africa, although sometimes translations of these phrases are used instead of the Latin originals. The honors distinction should not be confused with the honors degrees offered in some countries, or with honorary degrees.

The system usually has three levels of honor (listed in order of increasing merit): cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude. Generally, a college or university's regulations set out definite criteria a student must meet to obtain a given honor. For example, the student might be required to achieve a specific grade point average, submit an honors thesis for evaluation, be part of an honors program, or graduate early. Each school sets its own standards. Since these standards vary, the same level of Latin honors conferred by different institutions can represent different levels of achievement. Similarly, some institutions grant equivalent (or additional) non-Latin honors to undergraduates. The University of Wisconsin–Madison, for example, has a series of plain English grading honors based on class standing. Some colleges and universities, notably including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Reed College, and Yale Law School, do not use honors at all.

These honors, when they are used, are almost always awarded to undergraduate students earning their bachelor's, and, with the exception of law school graduates, much more rarely to graduate students receiving their master's or doctorate degree. The honor is typically indicated on the diploma. Latin honors are often conferred upon law school students graduating as a Juris Doctor or J.D., in which case they are generally based upon class rank or grade point average.

Distinctions
In the United States, most colleges and universities use Latin honors for bachelor's degrees and for the Juris Doctor law degree. They are not normally used for any other degrees, such as master's degrees or the Ph.D. and M.D. degrees. There are three standard levels of Latin honors:
 * cum laude (English: ), meaning "with praise", typically awarded to graduates in the top 20%, 25%, or 33% of their class, depending on the institution.
 * magna cum laude, meaning "with great praise", typically awarded to graduates in the top 5%, 10%, or 15% of their class, depending on the institution.
 * , meaning "with highest praise", typically awarded to graduates in the top 1%, 2%, or 5% of their class, depending on the institution. Some institutions do not award the summa cum laude distinction or award it only in extraordinary circumstances.

History
In 1869, Harvard College became the first college in the United States to award final honors to its graduates. From 1872 to 1879, cum laude and summa cum laude were the two Latin honors awarded to graduates. Beginning in 1880, magna cum laude was also awarded. In his 1895 history of Amherst College, college historian William Seymour Tyler traced Amherst's system of Latin honors to 1881, and attributed it to Amherst College president Julius Hawley Seelye:

United Kingdom
In the UK, the Latin cum laude is used in commemorative Latin versions of degree certificates sold by a few universities (e.g. the University of Edinburgh) to denote a bachelor's degree with honors, but the honors classification is stated as in English, e.g. primi ordinis for first class rather than summa cum laude, etc. Official degree certificates use English.

Other countries
For undergraduate degrees, Latin honors are used in only a few countries such as Israel, Indonesia, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Canada. Most countries use a different scheme, such as the British undergraduate degree classification (usually used in Commonwealth countries) which is more widely used with varying criteria and nomenclature depending on country, including Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe and many other countries. Malta shows the Latin honors on the degree certificates, but the UK model is shown on the transcript.

Austria
In Austria, the only Latin honor in use is sub auspiciis Praesidentis rei publicae ("under the auspices of the president of the republic") for doctoral degrees. Candidates must have consistently excellent grades throughout high school and university, making it very difficult to attain: only about 20 out of a total of 2,500 doctoral graduates per year (i.e. 0.8%) achieve a sub auspiciis degree.

Belgium
In Belgium, the university degree awarded is limited to:

 * cum fructu <68% (op voldoende wijze in Dutch, avec satisfaction in French)
 * cum laude >68% (met onderscheiding in Dutch, avec distinction in French)
 * magna cum laude >77% (met grote onderscheiding in Dutch, avec grande distinction in French)
 * summa cum laude >85% (met grootste onderscheiding in Dutch, avec la plus grande distinction in French)
 * summa cum laude with the congratulations of the examination committee >90% (met grootste onderscheiding en de gelukwensen van de examencommissie in Dutch, avec la plus grande distinction avec félicitations du jury in French)

Brazil
In Brazil, most universities do not provide honors to their students. Among the few universities that do so, the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA—Technological Institute of Aeronautics) awards the cum laude honor for graduates with every individual grade above 8.5 (out of 10.0), the magna cum laude honor for graduates with average grade above 8.5 and more than 50% of individual grades above 9.5, and the summa cum laude honor for graduates with average grade above 9.5. As of 2009, only 22 graduates have received the summa cum laude honor at ITA. The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro awards the cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 8.0 to 8.9, the magna cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 9.0 to 9.4, and the summa cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 9.5 to 10.0. The Federal University of Ceará awards the magna cum laude honor for undergraduates who have never failed a course, achieved an average grade from 8.5 (out of 10.0) and have received a fellowship of both Academic Extension and Teaching Initiation.

Estonia
In Estonia, up until 2010 both summa cum laude and cum laude were used. Summa cum laude was awarded only for very exceptional work. Since 1 September 2010, only cum laude is used. It is awarded to bachelors, masters and integrated studies graduates. Occasionally the word kiitusega, which means "with praise", is substituted for the usual cum laude. To receive cum laude one must achieve a 4.60 GPA (out of 5) and receive the highest grade (A – 5.00) for the thesis or the final examination.

Finland
The Finnish Matriculation Examinations at the end of lukio/gymnasium uses the grades of: improbatur (I, failing; "not accepted"), approbatur (A; "accepted"), lubenter approbatur (B; "willingly accepted"), cum laude approbatur (C; "accepted with praise"), magna cum laude approbatur (M; "accepted with great praise"), eximia cum laude approbatur (E; "accepted with excellent praise") and laudatur (L; "praised"). They are roughly equivalent to Finnish school grades ranging from 4 to 10. Some Finnish universities, when grading master's theses and doctoral dissertations, use the same scale with the additional grade of non sine laude approbatur (N; "accepted not without praise") between lubenter and cum laude; technical universities use a numerical scale (1–5) instead.

France
In France, usually the French honors mention très bien ("very good mention"), mention bien ("good mention"), and mention assez bien ("quite good mention") are used. However some Grandes Écoles, like the Institut d'études politiques de Paris, HEC Paris, use the Latin and English titles "summa cum laude" / "graduated with highest honors" for the top 2% and "cum laude" / "graduated with honors" for the next 5% of a year. From 2016, honorifics ceased to be used for the completion of a PhD. Before this date, the French PhD diploma could be awarded with increasing honors: mention bien, mention très honorable, mention très honorable avec félicitations du jury. While these honors grades have been revoked for the PhD diploma, they are still in use for doctors of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine.

Germany
In Germany, the range of degrees is:

 * sub omni canone ("below any scale", fail, numerical grade 5.0) (see Sub omni canone in German Wikipedia)
 * non sufficit or non rite ("insufficient", fail, numerical grade 4.0–5.0),
 * rite ("duly" conferred, that is, the requirements are fulfilled, numerical grade 3.0–4.0),
 * satis bene – or no additional comment ("satisfying", numerical grade 3.0),
 * cum laude ("with honors", numerical grade 2.0),
 * magna cum laude ("with great honors", numerical grade 1.0),
 * summa cum laude ("with highest honors", numerical grade < 1.0).

These degrees are mostly used when a doctorate is conferred, not for diplomas, bachelor's or master's degrees, for which numerical grades between 1.0 ("very good") and 4.0 ("pass"), and 5.0 ("fail"), are given.

Hungary
In Hungary, the range of degrees—similar to the German system—is: rite ("duly" conferred, that is, the requirements are fulfilled), cum laude (with honors), summa cum laude (with highest honors). These degrees are used in university diplomas and in certain fields of sciences (medical, legal and a very few others) only. The grades of degrees are dependent on the received average points from final exams and from average points from the university studies.

Italy
In Italy, the cum laude notation (con lode being the equivalent in Italian) is used as an increasing level of the highest grade for both exams (30/30) and degrees (110/110), in all its levels; Passing an exam cum laude (30 e lode) has usually only an honorific meaning, but sometimes it influences the average grade and can be useful to the student so honored (usually weighting 31/30). "30 e lode" is usually awarded after answering correctly a bonus difficult question at the oral examination.

In Italy, 110 e lode (at institutions using a 110-point system) is the highest rank that can be achieved during the academic studies, and corresponds usually to a final score greater than 110/110 (the specific threshold varies from university to university). Up to 3 bonus points can be awarded for merits, e.g. having an average exams score greater than 28.5/30 (95% equivalent), excellent final project or for graduating on time. More notations include: bacio e abbraccio accademico ("academic kiss and embrace"), menzione d'onore ("honor mention"), and dignità di stampa ("dignity of printing"), and were given based on various university-specific requirements, but without a legal value.

Malta
In Malta, for Bachelor Honours degrees summa cum laude refers to first class honours, magna cum laude refers to second class honours (upper division), cum laude refers to second class honours (lower division), whilst bene probatus refers to third class honours. Professional degrees lasting longer than the standard three years such as the five year Bachelor of Pharmacy are awarded egregia cum laude. Postgraduate diplomas and master's degrees may be awarded as pass with distinction (summa cum laude), pass with merit (magna cum laude), or pass (bene probatus).

Mexico
In Mexico, cum laude (also known as mención honorífica in Spanish) is used, by the major universities, to recognize an outstanding dissertation for bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees. Also different awards on public and private universities are given to the student with the highest final grade average (i.e. Presea Lázaro Cárdenas or Gabino Barreda Medal) and a diploma is given as a form of cum laude.

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, two classes of honors may be used for bachelor's, master's and PhD programs: cum laude (with honor) and summa cum laude (with highest honor). Typically these distinctions are reserved to mark exceptional achievement above a high minimum grade point average. Sometimes it is lost, despite a high average mark, when the student gets a mark of 6 or lower for one of the many exams (on a scale of 1–10, where 10 is the highest). It may also be awarded based on the weighted average of first achieved grades for each subject only. Generally, less than 2% receive the cum laude distinction. It is also possible to receive a PhD degree cum laude, although this honor is even rarer than for master's graduates. In view of the difficulty and subjectivity of determining this, some universities and fields of study very seldom award doctorates cum laude. At Dutch university colleges cum laude, magna cum laude and, exceptionally, summa cum laude may be awarded.

Philippines
In the Philippines, junior high school and senior high school students under the new K–12 curriculum use an honor system using Filipino translations of the Latin original. Students who achieve a final grade average of 90-94 are awarded the title May Karangalan (with honors) and will receive a bronze medal with the DepEd seal. Those who have a final grade average of 95–97 receive the title of May Mataas na Karangalan (with high honors) and a silver medal with the same seal. Students with a final grade average of 98-100 shall be awarded the title of May Pinakamataas na Karangalan (with highest honors) and a gold medal with the same specification. In college, students are awarded the latin honors cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude, respectively.

Russia
In Russia, the honor system is based on the grade point average. At least 4.75 out of 5.0 points are required for the summa cum laude degree (in Russian, с отличием s otlichiem, "with excellence"). The graduate has to receive a perfect grade on all final examinations. Usually less than 2% of all graduating students accomplish this (depending on the university and year). In military schools, a "red diploma" may be accompanied by a gold medal (summa cum laude) for outstanding performance. Russian high schools also award a gold medal to the student who achieves a perfect score in all final examinations and in all other subjects not requiring a final exam. A silver medal is awarded to high school students who have one or two grades of 4 (хорошо horosho, "good", being second highest grade) on their final exams or other subjects as listed in the high school diploma (аттестат о (полном) среднем образовании attestat o (polnom) srednem obrazovanii).

Singapore
In Singapore, the Latin honors, cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude are used by Singapore Management University. Graduates from Singapore Management University have to achieve GPAs of 3.4, 3.6 and 3.8 out of 4.3 (SMU awards 4.3 for A+ grades) respectively and without any exceptions to qualify for the Latin honors.

It is also used by Yale-NUS College, with the top 5% of a graduating class receiving summa cum laude, the next 10% magna cum laude, and the next 20% cum laude. There are no credit (CAP) requirements to achieve the Latin honors at Yale-NUS College.

South Africa
In South Africa, the Latin honors cum laude is used for bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and is awarded to students who have achieved an average grade of 75% or higher throughout the degree. Cum laude in South Africa can be considered broadly equivalent to a first class degree in the United Kingdom or a GPA of 3.7–4.0 in the United States.

Spain
In Spain, the Latin honors cum laude is used for PhD degrees only, and is awarded after a secret vote of the jury members, using envelopes that must be opened in a separate session, and requiring unanimity.

Switzerland
In Switzerland, the degrees rite, cum laude, magna cum laude, insigni cum laude ("distinguished with praise"), and summa cum laude are used, but the exact GPA corresponding to each varies by institution.

Ukraine
In Ukraine, the university education honor system is based on by-law # 161 (2 June 1993) of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine (3.12.3.5). For a student to graduate from a university with a diploma with honors (cum laude), students have to receive mark 5 (excellent) at least on 75% of courses, receive mark 4 (good) at max 25% of courses, and pass the state exams only with mark 5 (excellent). Also, students are expected to have participated in research projects with visible results.

title: Latin honors


text:
Willy Millowitsch

Willy Millowitsch (, ; 8 January 1909 – 20 September 1999) was a German stage and TV actor and the director of the Volkstheater Millowitsch in Cologne.

Early life
Millowitsch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province. His parents were Peter and Käthe Millowitsch and came from a long family tradition of engagement with the theater which can be traced back to 1792. It was not until 1895 however, that Millowitsch's grandfather stopped using puppets and resorted to real actors instead.

Millowitsch was interested in theater at an early age and took to the stage for the first time in 1922 at just 13. He quit school without a degree to pursue his acting career full-time. At first he worked under the auspices of his father who had to give up his theater after the inflation hit. This forced them to go on tour in and around Cologne until they got a permanent theater in 1936, the now famous Volkstheater Millowitsch, which Willy took over from his father in 1940. In 1939 he married his first wife Lini Lüttgen, but they got divorced soon after.

During World War II, the theater was damaged, but not severely, and by October 1945 it was fully restored, owing to the support of mayor and later German chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, who proclaimed that the people need something to laugh about again. Consequently, in the time from 1945 to 1949 there were daily performances in the theater. It was during this time that he met his second wife, Gerda Millowitsch, formerly Feldhoff.

Career
In 1949, when the postwar theater euphoria died down, Millowitsch focused on his film and television career and in 1949 his first film (Search for Majora, directed by Hermann Pfeiffer) was released. Many more were to follow. He did not content himself just transferring from one medium to the other, but brought the theater with him. On 27 October 1953 the Kölsch dialect play Der Etappenhase was broadcast on the Western regional channel WDR, the first live broadcast of a theatrical performance with real audience in German television history. Despite bitter criticism of the entry of low 'folk culture' into television by the director of the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk, Adolf Grimme, it was an instant success. This remains one of Millowitsch's most popular plays and has been performed more than 1,000 times. Der Etappenhase was so popular that just six weeks later it was broadcast again, live from the Volkstheater.

He continued to put on television plays that were instant successes, gaining national popularity. It is in great part Millowitsch's achievement to have popularized Kölsch throughout Germany. People were now associating the Rhinelander with a relaxed lifestyle and genial humor. Theaters from other dialectal areas scrambled to catch up with him and soon the dialect theater became an important part of the German television landscape.

With the success of these plays on television, interest in theater gradually increased and by the 1960s flocks of people took to the theater again to witness performance of Millowitsch's popular plays first hand. Until the beginning of the 1960s Millowitsch had to rent out his theater now and again, but with the arrival of the new crowds Millowitsch could afford to concentrate his career on theater from then on. He renovated the theater in 1967 and the Volkstheater once again became a focal point of local culture, and many young dialect artists started their careers there.

Throughout the 1970s, Millowitsch stuck to the folk theater, and it wasn't until the end of the 1980s that he also turned back to television and took the title role in a detective series as Kommissar Klefisch, whom he played until 1996. He played a small part in the Hollywood comedy National Lampoon's European Vacation with Chevy Chase (1985). Aside from his theatrical merits, he also wrote classic popular folk songs, such as Schnaps, das war sein letztes Wort and Wir sind alle kleine Sünderlein. He also embraced political causes and in 1992 he participated in the important anti-Nazi campaign, Arsch huh, Zäng ussenander (Kölsch, meaning: Move your butts and pipe up!), which culminated in a major concert by local acts attended by 100,000 people at Cologne's Chlodwigplatz.

Death and legacy
In 1989, the city of Cologne conferred honorary citizenship on to Millowitsch, which is a very exclusive honor in Germany. He celebrated his 90th birthday on 8 January 1999, with 18,000 fans at a sold-out event at the Kölnarena and told people all he wanted for his birthday was to stay healthy. However, he died of heart failure on 20 September that year.

Two of his four children, Peter Millowitsch, who is now the director of the Volkstheater, and Mariele Millowitsch have continued the family tradition and have both become successful actors. The city of Cologne has named a square near the Millowitsch theater Willy-Millowitsch-Platz in his honor.

Selected filmography

 * Search for Majora (1949)
 * Madonna in Chains (1949)
 * The Tiger Akbar (1951)
 * Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)
 * Love, Girls and Soldiers (1958)
 * Father, Mother and Nine Children (1958)
 * Every Day Isn't Sunday (1959)
 * Two Hearts in May (1958)
 * The True Jacob (1960)
 * Robert and Bertram (1961)
 * Die Fledermaus (1962)
 * The Gypsy Baron (1962)
 * Donaugeschichten (1965–1970, TV series, 26 episodes)
 * Charley's Uncle (1969)
 * Old Barge, Young Love (1973)
 * The Secret Carrier (1975)
 * Oh, This Father (1978–1981, TV series, 26 episodes)
 * National Lampoon's European Vacation (1985)
 * Pizza Colonia (1991)

title: Willy Millowitsch


text:
Deltahedron

In geometry, a deltahedron (plural deltahedra) is a polyhedron whose faces are all (congruent) equilateral triangles. The name is taken from the Greek upper case delta letter (Δ), which has the shape of an equilateral triangle. There are infinitely many deltahedra. By the handshaking lemma, each deltahedron has an even number of faces. Only eight deltahedra are strictly convex; these have 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 faces. These eight deltahedra, with their respective numbers of faces, edges, and vertices, are listed below.

The eight strictly convex deltahedra
There are eight strictly convex deltahedra: three are regular polyhedra and Platonic solids, five are Johnson solids.

In the 6-faced deltahedron, some vertices have degree 3 and some degree 4. In the 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-faced deltahedra, some vertices have degree 4 and some degree 5. These five non-regular deltahedra belong to the class of Johnson solids: non-uniform strictly convex polyhedra with regular polygons for faces.

A deltahedron retains its shape: even if its edges are free to rotate around their vertices (so that the angles between them are fluid), they don't move. Not all polyhedra have this property: for example, if some of the angles of a cube are relaxed, it can be deformed into a non-right square prism or even into a rhombohedron with no right angle at all.

There is no 18-faced strictly convex deltahedron. However, the edge-contracted icosahedron gives an example of an octadecahedron that can either be made strictly convex with 18 irregular triangular faces, or made equilateral with 18 (regular) triangular faces that include two sets of three coplanar triangles.

Non-strictly convex cases
There are infinitely many cases with coplanar triangles, allowing for convex sections of the infinite triangular tiling. If the sets of coplanar triangles are considered a single face, a smaller set of faces, edges, and vertices can be counted. The coplanar triangular faces can be merged into rhombic, trapezoidal, hexagonal, or other polygonal faces. Each face must be a convex polyiamond, such as, , , , , , , , ...

Some small examples include:

Non-convex forms
There are an infinite number of non-convex deltahedra.

Five non-convex deltahedra can be generated by adding an equilateral pyramid to every face of a Platonic solid:
 * {| class="wikitable center"

!Image !Name !Faces
 * + style="text-align:center;" | Equilateral pyramid-augmented Platonic solids
 * 5-cell net.png
 * Pyramid_augmented_cube.png
 * [[Image:Stella octangula.png|120px]]
 * Pyramid_augmented_dodecahedron.png
 * Tetrahedra_augmented_icosahedron.png
 * Triakis tetrahedron
 * Tetrakis hexahedron
 * Triakis octahedron(Stella octangula)
 * Pentakis dodecahedron
 * Triakis icosahedron
 * 12 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * colspan=2|24 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * colspan=2|60 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * }

Other non-convex deltahedra can be generated by assembling several regular tetrahedra:
 * {| class="wikitable center"

!Image !Faces
 * + style="text-align:center;" | Some non-convex equilateral augmented tetrahedra
 * Biaugmented_tetrahedron.png
 * Triaugmented_tetrahedron.png
 * Quadaugmented_tetrahedron.png
 * 8 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * 10 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * 12 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * }

Like all toroidal polyhedra, toroidal deltahedra are non-convex; example:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

 * [[Image:Toroidal polyhedron.gif|160px]]A toroidal deltahedron
 * 48 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * }
 * }

When possible, adding an inverted equilateral pyramid to every face of a polyhedron makes a non-convex deltahedron; example:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

 * [[Image:Third stellation of icosahedron.svg|160px]]Excavated dodecahedron
 * 60 Polyiamond-1-1.svg
 * }
 * }

Like all self-intersecting polyhedra, self-intersecting deltahedra are non-convex; example:
 * Great icosahedron — a Kepler-Poinsot solid, with 20 intersecting triangles:
 * [[Image:Great icosahedron.png|160px]]

title: Deltahedron