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Claude (given name)

Claude is a French given name originating from the Latin name Claudius. In French, it is used for both males and females. In English, it is mostly used for males; it is an uncommon given name for females or a family name.

Men
French soldier
 * Claude, Duke of Aumale (1526–1573)
 * Claude, Duke of Guise (1496–1550)
 * Claude de la Colombière (1641–1682), Christian saint
 * Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne (1618–1679), Spanish general and prince
 * Claude Matthieu, Count Gardane (1766–1818), French general and diplomat
 * Claude of Besançon (c. 607–696 or 699), Christian saint, priest, monk, abbot and bishop
 * "Claude", traditional name in English for Claude Lorrain (c. 1600 – 1682), French landscape painter, draughtsman and etcher
 * Claude Abadie (1920–2020), French clarinetist
 * Claude Abbes (1927–2008), French association football player
 * Claude Abravanel (1924–2012), Swiss pianist and composer
 * Claude Abromont, French musicologist, essayist and writer
 * Claude Adam (born 1958), Luxembourgish politician
 * Claude Adelen (born 1944), French poet and literary critic
 * Claude Ake (1939–1996), Nigerian political scientist
 * Claude Akins (1926–1994), American actor
 * Claude Allègre (born 1937), French politician and geochemist
 * Claude Henry Allen, American lawyer and politician
 * Claude Allen (born 1960), American attorney
 * Claude Alphandéry (1922–2024), French resistance member, banker and economist
 * Claude Alvares, Indian environmentalist
 * Claude Alward Ridley (1896–1942), British aviator and military officer
 * Claude Améganvi, Togolese politician and Trotskyist
 * Claude Anelka (born 1968), French football manager
 * Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois (1763–1832), French engineer and politician
 * Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart (1741–1792), French politician
 * Claude Arabo (1937–2013), French fencer
 * Claude Arnaiz (1931–2009), French boxer
 * Claude Arnaud (born 1955), French writer, essayist and biographer
 * Claude Arnold (1924–2016), American gridiron football player
 * Claude Arnulphy (1697–1786), French painter
 * Claude Arpels, American film producer
 * Claude Arpi, French writer, historian and Tibetologist
 * Claude Arribas (born 1951), French footballer
 * Claude Aru (born 1997), Ni-Vanuatuan footballer
 * Claude Ashton (1901–1942), English footballer and cricketer
 * Claude Askolovitch (born 1962), French journalist and author
 * Claude Aubery, French physician and philosopher
 * Claude Aubry (1914–1984), Canadian library administrator and writer
 * Claude Auchinleck (1884–1981), British Field Marshal
 * Claude Auclair (1943–1990), French cartoonist
 * Claude Audran III (1658–1734), French painter
 * Claude Auger (1951–2006), Canadian surgeon general
 * Claude Autant-Lara (1901–2000), French film director
 * Claude Aveline (1901–1992), French writer
 * Claude Azéma (1943–2021), French priest
 * Claude Babé, Gabonese footballer
 * Claude Bachand (born 1951), Canadian politician
 * Claude Bachand (MNA) (born 1956), Canadian politician
 * Claude Bakadal (born 1976), French footballer
 * Claude Baker (born 1948), American composer
 * Claude I. Bakewell (1912–1987), American politician
 * Claude Balbastre (1724–1799), French composer
 * Claude Ballif (1924–2004), French composer
 * Claude Ballot-Léna (1936–1999), French racing driver
 * Claude Balon (1671–1744), French dancer and choreographer
 * Claude Barker (1897–1961), Australian politician
 * Claude Barma (1918–1992), French director
 * Claude Barmier (born 1933), French cyclist
 * Claude Barnard (1890–1957), Australian politician
 * Claude Barnes, American civil-rights campaigner and professor
 * Claude Albert Barnett (1889–1967), American journalist
 * Claude Barrabé (born 1966), French footballer
 * Claude Barras (born 1973), Swiss director
 * Claude Barrat (1658–1711), Canadian notary and court clerk
 * Claude Barrès (1925–1959), French officer
 * Claude Barrett (1907–1976), English footballer
 * Claude Barthélemy (1945–2020), Haitian footballer
 * Claude Barthélemy (musician) (born 1956), french jazz guitarist
 * Claude Bartlett (1897–1972), British trade union leader
 * Claude Bartolone (born 1951), Tunisian-born French politician
 * Claude Barzotti (1953–2023), Belgian singer
 * Claude Basire (1764–1794), French revolutionary politician
 * Claude Batchelor (born 1929), American soldier convicted of collaboration
 * Claude Bateman-Champain (1875–1956), English cricketer
 * Claude Baudoux (1898–1984), Belgian field hockey player
 * Claude Bautista, Filipino politician
 * Claude Baux (born 1945), French retired slalom canoeist
 * Claude Bazin de Bezons (1617–1684), French lawyer and politician
 * Claude Beales (1887–1963), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Beauchamp (1939–2020), Canadian journalist
 * Claude Beausoleil (1948–2020), Canadian poet and writer
 * Claude Bébéar (born 1935), French businessman
 * Claude Béchard (1969–2010), Canadian politician
 * Claude Beck (1894–1971), American cardiac surgeon and professor of cardiovascular surgery
 * Claude Belot (born 1936), French politician
 * Claude Bénard (born 1926), French high jumper
 * Claude Bennett (1936–2020), Canadian politician
 * Claude Berge (1926–2002), French mathematician
 * Claude Bergeaud (born 1960), French basketball coach
 * Claude Berger (1679–1712), French doctor and chemist
 * Claude Lucien Bergery (1787–1863), French economist
 * Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist
 * Claude Berrou (born 1951), French professor in electrical engineering
 * Claude Berry (1880–1974), American baseball player
 * Claude Bertin (1653–1705), French artist
 * Claude Berton (1903–1993), American racing driver
 * Claude Bertrand (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Bice (1879–1953), American football coach
 * Claude Billard (1550–1618), French writer, poet and playwright
 * Claude Binyon (1905–1978), American film director
 * Claude Birkett Ferenbaugh (1899–1975), United States Army General
 * Claude Birraux (born 1946), French politician
 * Claude Bissell (1916–2000), Canadian historian
 * Claude Biwer (born 1936), French politician
 * Claude Bizibuye Nyamugabo, Congolese politician
 * Claude Black, several people
 * Claude Blagden (1874–1952), Anglican bishop
 * Claude le Blanc (1669–1728), French Royal official
 * Claude Blanchard (1932–2006), Canadian actor and singer
 * Claude Blanchard (ice hockey) (1945–2019), French ice hockey player
 * Claude Bloch (1923–1971), French theoretical nuclear physicist
 * Claude Bloodgood (1937–2001), American chess player
 * Claude Bodin (born 1952), French politician
 * Claude Boileau (born 1933), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Victor de Boissieu (1784–1868), French painter
 * Claude Boissol (1920–2016), French film director and screenwriter
 * Claude Boivin (born 1970), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Bolling (1930–2020), French jazz pianist and composer
 * Claude M. Bolton Jr. (1945–2015), United States Air Force general
 * Claude Bonin-Pissarro (1921–2021), French painter and graphic designer
 * Claude Bosi, Michelin-starred chef
 * Claude Bouchard (born 1939), Canadian researcher
 * Claude Boucher (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Bouchiat (1932–2021), French physicist
 * Claude Bouhier de Lantenay (1681–1755), French clergyman
 * Claude Bourdet (1909–1996), French politician and writer
 * Claude Bourgelat (1712–1779), French veterinary surgeon
 * Claude Bourquard (born 1937), French fencer
 * Claude Bourque (1915–1982), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Bourrigault (1932–2021), French footballer
 * Claude Bouton, Lord of Corbaron
 * Claude Bouxin (1907–1997), French art director
 * Claude G. Bowers (1878–1958), American journalist and politician
 * Claude Bowes-Lyon, several people
 * Claude Bracey (1909–1940), American sprinter
 * Claude Brami (born 1948), French writer
 * Claude Brasseur (1936–2020), French actor
 * Claude Bréart de Boisanger (1899–1999), French diplomat
 * Claude Breeze (born 1938), Canadian painter
 * Claude Bremond (1929–2021), French semiologist
 * Claude Brinegar (1926–2009), American government official
 * Claude Brixhe (1933–2021), French linguist
 * Claude Brossette (1671–1743), French lawyer and writer
 * Claude Brown (1937–2002), American writer
 * Claude Brumachon (born 1959), French choreographer
 * Claude Buchon (born 1949), French cyclist
 * Claude Buckenham (1876–1937), English cricketer and footballer
 * Claude Buckle (1905–1973), mid-20th-century English painter
 * Claude Buckle (Royal Navy officer, born 1803) (1803–1894), English naval officer
 * Claude Buckle (Royal Navy officer, born 1839) (1839–1930), Royal navy officer
 * Claude Buffet (1933–1972), French criminal
 * Claude Buffier (1661–1737), French philosopher, historian and teacher
 * Claude Burdin (1788–1873), French engineer
 * Claude Buridant (born 1938), French linguist
 * Claude Cadart (1927–2019), French Sinologist
 * Claude E. Cady (1878–1953), American politician
 * Claude Cahen (1909–1991), French Marxist orientalist and historian
 * Claude Cahun (1894–1954), French artist
 * Claude Callegari (1962–2021), English football supporter
 * Claude Ewen Cameron (1894–1982), Australian Army officer
 * Claude Campos, Brazilian footballer
 * Claude Canaway (1911–1989), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude R. Canizares, American physicist
 * Claude Cardin (born 1941), Canadian former ice hockey left winger
 * Claude Carignan (born 1964), Canadian politician
 * Claude Cariguel, French writer
 * Claude Carliez (1925–2015), French stunt performer
 * Claude Carlin (born 1961), French cyclist
 * Claude Carmona (born 1964), French gymnast
 * Claude E. Carpenter (1904–1976), American set decorator
 * Claude Carter (1881–1952), South African cricketer
 * Claude Castonguay (1929–2020), Canadian politician
 * Claude Céberet du Boullay (1647–1702), French diplomat
 * Claude Cerval (1921–1972), French actor
 * Claude Chabauty (1910–1990), French mathematician
 * Claude Chabrol (1930–2010), French film director
 * Claude Chagnon (born 1948), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Chalhoub (born 1974), Lebanese musical artist
 * Claude Humbert Piarron de Chamousset (1717–1773), French physician
 * Claude Champagne (1891–1965), French Canadian composer, teacher, pianist and violinist
 * Claude Champion de Crespigny (1873–1910), British soldier and polo player
 * Claude Champy, French ceramicist
 * Claude Chappe (1763–1805), French inventor
 * Claude Chappuys (1500–1575), French poet
 * Claude Charles (1661–1747), French painter
 * Claude Charron (born 1946), Canadian politician
 * Claude Chartre (born 1949), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Chauchetière (1645–1709), French Jesuit missionary and painter
 * Claude Eugène Chauchouart de Lavicomté, French navy officer of the war of American independence
 * Claude Chazottes (born 1949), French footballer
 * Claude Chevalley (1909–1984), French mathematician
 * Claude Chevalley (basketball), Swiss basketball player
 * Claude Cheysson (1920–2012), French politician
 * Claude Cholat, French painter
 * Claude Choules (1901–2011), British WWI veteran and last combat veteran from any nation
 * Claude Clark (1915–2001), African American painter
 * Claude Clegg, American historian
 * Claude Clegg (athlete) (1913–1991), New Zealand javelin thrower
 * Claude Clerselier (1614–1684), French lawyer, editor and translator
 * Claude Closky (born 1963), French artist
 * Claude Clough (1884–1922), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Cloutier (born 1957), Canadian film animator
 * Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born 1933), French physicist
 * Claude Coleman Jr. (born 1974), American drummer
 * Claude Colette (1929–1990), French cyclist
 * Claude Colleer Abbott (1889–1971), English poet
 * Claude Colombo (born 1960), French professional football referee
 * Claude Combes (1935–2021), French biologist and parasitologist
 * Claude Constantino (1938–2019), Senegalese basketball player
 * Claude Corbett (1885–1944), Australian sports journalist
 * Claude Corbineau (1772–1807), French general
 * Claude Corbitt (1915–1978), American baseball player
 * Claude Corbo (born 1945), political scientist
 * Claude Corea (1894–1962), Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations from 1958-1961
 * Claude Cormier (1960–2023), Canadian landscape architect and urban designer
 * Claude Cornish (1888–1975), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Couinaud (1922–2008), French surgeon and anatomist
 * Claude Courchay (1933–2024), French novelist
 * Claude Courtépée (1721–1781), French priest, teacher and historian
 * Claude Cousineau (born 1950), Canadian politician and teacher
 * Claude Covassi (1970–2013), Swiss criminal and spy
 * Claude Crabb (1940–2021), American football player
 * Claude Craigie (1886–?), Scottish footballer
 * Claude J. Crenshaw, American World War II flying ace
 * Claude Crépeau, Canadian computer scientist
 * Claude Crétier (born 1977), French alpine skier
 * Claude Criquielion (1957–2015), Belgian cyclist
 * Claude Crocker (1924–2002), American baseball player
 * Claude Croté (1938–2013), Belgian footballer
 * Claude Crowl (1892–1915), Australian rules footballer with St Kilda
 * Claude Cummings (1917–1965), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Cummings Jr., American labor union leader
 * Claude Curtin (1920–1994), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Cuy y Mola (born 1957), French sports shooter
 * Claude Cymerman (born 1947), French classical pianist
 * Claude Cyr (1939–1971), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Dablon (1618–1697), Jesuit missionary in Canada
 * Claude Dalenberg (1927–2008), zen priest
 * Claude Dallaire (born 1960), Canadian weightlifter
 * Claude Dallas (born 1950), self-styled "Mountain Man" and convicted murderer of two U.S. game wardens
 * Claude Dallemagne (1754–1813), French general
 * Claude Damas Ozimo (born 1939), Gabonese politician
 * Claude Dambreville, Haitian writer and painter
 * Claude Dambury (born 1971), French Guianan footballer
 * Claude Dampier (1878–1955), British actor
 * Claude d'Anna (born 1945), French film director
 * Claude Darbos (1936–2016), French rugby union player
 * Claude Dasse (born 1964), French bobsledder
 * Claude Dauphin (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Dausque (1566–1644), French Jesuit
 * Claude Davenport (1898–1976), American baseball player
 * Claude Davey (1908–2001), Wales international rugby union player
 * Claude Davidson (1896–1956), American baseball player
 * Claude Davis (born 1979), Jamaican footballer
 * Claude Davis (American football) (born 1989), American football player
 * Claude Debru (born 1944), French philosopher
 * Claude DeBruhl, American politician
 * Claude Debussy (1862–1918), French composer
 * Claude Dehombreux (1939–2010), Belgian rower
 * Claude Dejoux (1732–1816), French sculptor
 * Claude Delacroix, Belgian musician and radio presenter
 * Claude Alphonse Delangle (1797–1869), French magistrate, politician and lawyer
 * Claude Delangle (born 1957), French classical saxophonist
 * Claude Delbeke, Belgian civil engineer and philatelist
 * Claude Delisle (1644–1720), French cartographer
 * Claude Dellacherie, French mathematician
 * Claude Delvincourt (1888–1954), French composer
 * Claude Demassieux (born 1946), French politician
 * Claude Demetrius (1916–1988), African-American songwriter
 * Claude Dempsey, New Zealand rugby league footballer
 * Claude Denman (1896–1958), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Deppa (born 1958), South African jazz trumpeter
 * Claude Desailly (1922–2009), French screenwriter
 * Claude Desbons (1938–2001), French politician
 * Claude Deschiens, French slave trader and privateer
 * Claude André Deseine (1740–1823), French sculptor
 * Claude Desouches (1911–2001), French sailor
 * Claude Desusclade (1919–2015), French swimmer
 * Claude P. Dettloff (1899–1978), American photographer
 * Claude Dielna (born 1987), French professional footballer
 * Claude Dilain (1948–2015), French politician
 * Claude Disney-Roebuck (1876–1947), English cricketer, British Army officer and actor
 * Claude Dolbert (1902–1967), French film producer
 * Claude Ernest Dolman (1906–1994), Canadian academic and microbiologist
 * Claude Domeizel (born 1940), French politician
 * Claude Joseph Dorat (1734–1780), French writer
 * Claude Dornier (1884–1969), German aircraft designer
 * Claude Doumet-Serhal, Lebanese archaeologist
 * Claude Dourthe (born 1948), French rugby union player
 * Claude Drouin (born 1956), Canadian politician
 * Claude Du Bosc (1682–1746), French-born English engraver
 * Claude Dubaële (born 1940), French footballer and coach
 * Claude Dubar (1945–2015), French sociologist
 * Claude Dubois (born 1947), Canadian musical artist
 * Claude Dubois (politician) (born 1931), Canadian politician
 * Claude Marie Dubuis (1817–1895), French-born prelate
 * Claude Dufau (1946–2021), French rugby player and manager
 * Claude Duflos (1665–1727), French engraver
 * Claude Dufourmentel (1915–2012), French plastic surgeon
 * Claude Dugardin (born 1938), French field hockey player
 * Claude Dunbar (1909–1971), British Army general
 * Claude Duplain (born 1954), Canadian politician
 * Claude Dupuy, several people
 * Claude Durand (1938–2015), French publisher, translator and writer
 * Claude Duval, (1643–1670), French-born gentleman highwayman in post-Restoration Britain
 * Claude Eatherly (1918–1978), United States Army Air Forces officer
 * Claude Ecken, French science fiction writer
 * Claude Wilbur Edgerton (1880–1965), American mycologist
 * Claude Edorh (born 1972), German hurdler
 * Claude Elliott (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Ely (1922–1978), American musical artist
 * Claude Engle (1938–2023), American electrical engineer
 * Claude English (born 1946), American basketball player and coach
 * Claude Érignac (1937–1998), French politician
 * Claude Esteban (1935–2006), French poet
 * Claude Estier (1925–2016), French politician and journalist
 * Claude Evans (1933–1982), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Évin (born 1949), French politician and lawyer
 * Claude Evrard (1933–2020), French actor
 * Claude Ewing Rusk (1871–1931), American mountaineer and lawyer
 * Claude Ezoua (born 1956), French-born Ivorian rugby union footballer and coach
 * Claude Fabre (born 1951), French physicist
 * Claude Fagedet (1928–2017), French photographer
 * Claude Falkiner, player of English billiards
 * Claude Faraggi (1942–1991), French novelist
 * Claude Faraldo (1936–2008), French actor, director and screenwriter
 * Claude Farrer (1864–1890), English tennis player
 * Claude Farrère (1876–1957), French navy officer and writer
 * Claude Fauchet (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Charles Fauriel (1772–1844), French historian, philologist and critic
 * Claude Favre de Vaugelas (1585–1650), Savoyard grammarian and man of letters
 * Claude Fayette Bragdon (1866–1946), American architect
 * Claude Feemster Clayton (1909–1969), American judge
 * Claude Feidt (1936–2020), French bishop
 * Claude Feige (born 1958), French curler
 * Claude Fell (1892–1972), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Felstead (1889–1964), Australian amateur golfer
 * Claude Fenner (1916–1978), First Inspector-General of Police of Malaysia
 * Claude Eric Fergusson McKay (1878–1972), Australian journalist and publicist of Scottish descent
 * Claude Ferragne (born 1952), Canadian high jumper
 * Claude Ferrier (1879–1935), Scottish architect
 * Claude Fichaux (born 1969), French footballer
 * Claude Fiocca (1931–2001), American politician
 * Claude S. Fischer (born 1948), American sociologist
 * Claude Fischler, French social scientist
 * Claude Flagel (1932–2020), French musician
 * Claude Flahault (1923–2015), French sailor
 * Claude Fleck (1889–1962), Australian politician
 * Claude Flemming (1884–1952), Australian actor, writer, producer and director
 * Claude Fleury (1640–1723), French priest, jurist and ecclesiastical historian
 * Claude Flight (1881–1955), British artist
 * Claude Floquet (1884–1963), South African cricketer
 * Claude Fonnereau (1677–1740), French Huguenot refugee
 * Claude Forget (born 1936), Canadian economist and politician
 * Claude Fournier (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Foussier (1925–2010), French sports shooter
 * Claude François (1939–1978), French musician
 * Claude François de Malet (1754–1812), French aristocrat and soldier
 * Claude Fredericks (1923–2013), American poet and playwright
 * Claude Fuess (1885–1963), American educator, administrator and biographer
 * Claude Fuller, several people
 * Claude Gagnon (born 1949), Canadian film director
 * Claude Gaillard (born 1944), French politician
 * Claude Ferdinand Gaillard (1834–1887), French engraver and painter
 * Claude Gallimard (1914–1991), French publisher
 * Claude Galopin, French automotive engineer
 * Claude Garache (1929–2023), French artist
 * Claude Garamond (1499–1561), French publisher and type designer
 * Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac (1581–1638), French mathematician
 * Claude Gatignol (born 1938), French politician
 * Claude Gauthier (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Gay (1800–1873), French botanist, naturalist and illustrator
 * Claude Ursule Gency (1766–1845), French general
 * Claude Genest, Canadian journalist and actor
 * Claude Geoffroy (disambiguation)
 * Claude Germany, French musician
 * Claude Gibb (1898–1959), South Australian engineer
 * Claude "Hoot" Gibson (born 1939), American football player and coach
 * Claude Gilbert (1932–2024), American football coach
 * Claude Casimir Gillet (1806–1896), French botanist
 * Claude Gillingwater (1870–1939), American actor
 * Claude Gillot (1673–1722), French painter
 * Claude Gingras (1931–2018), Canadian journalist and music critic
 * Claude Giordan, Monegasque diplomat
 * Claude Giraud (1936–2020), French actor
 * Claude Giroux (born 1988), French-Canadian professional ice hockey player and captain of the Philadelphia Flyers
 * Claude Giroux (wrestler) (born 1956), Canadian professional wrestler
 * Claude de Givray (born 1933), French film director
 * Claude Goasguen (1945–2020), French politician
 * Claude Godard d'Aucour (1716–1795), French writer
 * Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just (1768–1826), French librettist
 * Claude Godart (born 1980), Luxembourgish hurdler
 * Claude Goldie (1876–1956), English rower
 * Claude Gonçalves (born 1994), Portuguese footballer
 * Claude Gordon (1916–1996), American musical artist
 * Claude Gordy, American politician
 * Claude Goretta (1929–2019), Swiss TV producer and film director
 * Claude Goudimel, French composer, music editor and publisher
 * Claude Gouffier (1501–1570), French nobleman and book collector
 * Claude Charles Goureau (1790–1879), French soldier and entomologist
 * Claude Gouzzie (1873–1907), American baseball player
 * Claude Grahame-White (1879–1959), English aviator
 * Claude Grange (1883–1971), French sculptor
 * Claude Gravelle (born 1949), Canadian politician
 * Claude Gravereaux (1913–1943), French field hockey player
 * Claude Gray (1932–2023), American country music singer-songwriter
 * Claude Greder (1934–2005), French water polo player
 * Claude Green (1906–1986), South African cricketer
 * Claude Gregory (born 1958), American basketball player
 * Claude Grégory (1921–2010), French literary critic and editor
 * Claude Grier (1904–1967), American baseball player
 * Claude Gros de Boze (1680–1753), French numismatist
 * Claude Gruffat (born 1957), French politician and entrepreneur
 * Claude Guéant (born 1945), French civil servant
 * Claude Guichard (1928–2021), French politician
 * Claude Guigue (1832–1889), French archivist
 * Claude Guiguet (born 1947), French modern pentathlete
 * Claude Guilhot (1928–1990), French jazz vibraphonist and drummer
 * Claude Guillaumin (1842–1927), French painter and caricaturist
 * Claude Guillermet de Bérigard (1578–1663), French philosopher
 * Claude Guillon (1952–2023), French writer and philosopher
 * Claude Guimond (born 1963), Canadian politician
 * Claude Guimond de La Touche (1723–1760), French playwright and poet
 * Claude Guyot (born 1947), French cyclist
 * Claude Hagège (born 1936), French linguist
 * Claude Haldi (1942–2017), Swiss racing driver
 * Claude Hall (1932–2017), American journalist and writer
 * Claude Hardy (1604–1678), French linguist, mathematician and lawyer
 * Claude Harmon (1916–1989), American professional golfer
 * Claude Harriott (born 1981), American gridiron football player
 * Claude Harris Jr. (1940–1994), American politician
 * Claude L. Harrison (1886–1986), Canadian politician
 * Claude Harvey (born 1948), American football player
 * Claude Hauet (1925–1995), French field hockey player
 * Claude Haut (born 1944), French politician
 * Claude Hay, Australian musician
 * Claude Hay (Conservative politician) (1862–1920), British politician
 * Claude Hayes (1912–1996), British civil servant
 * Claude Hayslett, American baseball player
 * Claude Heater (1927–2020), American opera singer
 * Claude Hêche (born 1952), Swiss politician
 * Claude Heim (1912–2002), French long jumper
 * Claude Helffer (1922–2004), French pianist
 * Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771), French philosopher
 * Claude Henderson (born 1972), South African cricketer
 * Claude Hendrix (1889–1944), American baseball player
 * Claude Herbulot (1908–2006), French entomologist
 * Claude Heymann (1907–1994), French screenwriter and film director
 * Claude W. Hibbard (1905–1973), American paleontologist
 * Claude Hickson (1878–1948), New Zealand cricketer
 * Claude Hillaire-Marcel (born 1944), Canadian geologist
 * Claude M. Hilton (born 1940), American judge
 * Claude Hipps (1927–2017), American football player
 * Claude Holgate (1872–1937), American wrestler
 * Claude Holman (1904–1973), American lawyer and politician
 * Claude C. Hopkins (1866–1932), American advertiser and author
 * Claude Horan (1917–2014), American artist
 * Claude Houben (1926–2009), Belgian bobsledder
 * Claude Houde (born 1947), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Houghton (1889–1961), British novelist
 * Claude Hubert (1914–1977), French racewalker
 * Claude Hudelot (1942–2021), French Sinologist
 * Claude Hudson (1881–1952), American chemist
 * Claude B. Hudspeth (1877–1941), American cowboy, rancher, lawyer and statesman
 * Claude Hugot (1929–1978), French chess player
 * Claude Hulbert (1900–1964), British comic actor
 * Claude Humphrey (1944–2021), American football player and coach
 * Claude Hunt, several people
 * Claude B. Hutchison (1885–1980), American politician
 * Claude Iff (born 1946), Swiss footballer
 * Claude Imbert (born 1933), French philosopher and logician
 * Claude Issorat (born 1966), French Paralympic athlete
 * Claude Itoungue Bongogne (born 2001), Cameroonian sprinter
 * Claude Itzykson (1938–1995), French theoretical physicist
 * Claude Jaeger (1917–2004), French film producer and film actor
 * Claude James (1878–1961), Australian politician
 * Claude Jameson (1886–1943), American soccer player
 * Claude Jamet (1929–2021), French footballer
 * Claude Janiak (born 1948), Swiss politician
 * Claude Jarman Jr. (born 1934), American actor
 * Claude Jasmin (1930–2021), Canadian journalist
 * Claude Jaupart (born 1953), French geophysicist
 * Claude Javeau (1940–2021), Belgian sociologist and professor
 * Claude Jean-Prost (1936–2018), French ski jumper
 * Claude Jeancolas (1949–2016), French writer, art historian and journalist
 * Claude Jeannerot (born 1945), French politician
 * Claude Jeantet (1902–1982), French journalist and politician
 * Claude Jennings (1884–1950), Australian cricketer
 * Claude Jephcott (1890–1950), English professional footballer
 * Claude Jeter (1914–2009), American singer
 * Claude Jodoin (1913–1975), Canadian trade unionist and politician
 * Claude Hermann Walter Johns (1857–1920), British assyriologist
 * Claude Joseph Johnson (1913–1990), American gospel singer and preacher
 * Claude Johnson (1864–1926), British businessman and managing director of Rolls-Royce Ltd.
 * Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (1707–1777), French novelist
 * Claude Jones (1901–1962), American jazz musician
 * Claude Jonnard (1897–1959), American baseball player
 * Claude Thomas Alexis Jordan (1814–1897), French botanist and taxonomist
 * Claude Joseph, Haitian politician and foreign minister
 * Claude Julien, several people
 * Claude Jutra (1930–1986), Canadian actor, film director and screenwriter
 * Claude Kahn (1935–2023), French pianist
 * Claude Kalisa (born 1977), Rwandan footballer
 * Claude Kelly, American singer and song writer
 * Claude Kévers-Pascalis, Belgian writer, historian and engineer
 * Claude Kietzman (1918–1989), South African rower
 * Claude Kinder, several people
 * Claude King (1923–2013), American country music singer-songwriter
 * Claude King (actor) (1875–1941), English-American actor
 * Claude Kirby (1868–1935), English football executive
 * Claude Kirchner (1916–1993), American entertainer and announcer
 * Claude R. Kirk Jr. (1926–2011), 36th governor of Florida
 * Claude Kitchin (1869–1923), American politician
 * Claude Kohler (1931–2019), American sailor
 * Claude Kory Kondiano (1942–2022), Guinean politician
 * Claude Koutob (born 1995), Togolese footballer
 * Claude La Colombière (1641–1682), French Jesuit priest and saint
 * Claude La Haye, Canadian production sound mixer
 * Claude LaBrosse (born 1934), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Lacaze (born 1940), French international rugby union and rugby league footballer
 * Claude Lachance (born 1945), Canadian politician
 * Claude Lacroix (1944–2021), French screenwriter and comic book author
 * Claude LaForge (1936–2015), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Lafortune (1936–2020), Canadian paper artist
 * Claude Lagarde (1895–1983), French sports shooter
 * Claude Lajoie (1928–2015), Canadian politician
 * Claude R. Lakey (1910–1990), American jazz musician
 * Claude Lambert (born 1969), Canadian boxer
 * Claude Lambie (1868–1921), Scottish footballer
 * Claude Lamirault (1918–1945), French military officer
 * Claude Lamour (born 1969), French cyclist
 * Claude Lamoureux (1650–1699), French sculptor
 * Claude Lamy, Canadian swimmer
 * Claude Lancaster (1899–1977), British soldier, politician and businessman
 * Claude Landini (1926–2021), Swiss basketball player
 * Claude Landry (born 1955), Canadian politician
 * Claude Langlois, French scientific instrument maker
 * Claude Lanthier (1933–2015), Canadian politician
 * Claude Lanzmann (1925–2018), French journalist and film director
 * Claude Lapointe (born 1968), Canadian former ice hockey player
 * Claude A. Larkin (1891–1969), American Marine general
 * Claude Larochelle (1931–2002), Canadian hockey journalist
 * Claude Larose, several people
 * Claude Lastennet (born 1971), French serial killer
 * Claude Laurgeau (born 1942), French engineer
 * Claude Laverdure (author) (1947–2020), Belgian comics artist
 * Claude Lavoie Richer (1929–2014), Canadian cross-country skier
 * Claude Laydu (1927–2011), Swiss actor
 * Claude Le Baube (1919–2007), French painter
 * Claude Le Ber (1931–2016), French cyclist
 * Claude Le Coz (1740–1815), French catholic bishop
 * Claude Le Jeune (1530–1600), Franco-Flemish composer
 * Claude Le Pen (1948–2020), French economist
 * Claude Le Péron (1948–2020), French musician
 * Claude Le Roy (born 1948), French association football player and manager
 * Claude Lebey (1923–2017), French food critic and publisher
 * Claude LeBrun (born 1956), American mathematician
 * Claude Lechatellier (born 1946), French cyclist
 * Claude Lecomte (1817–1871), French general
 * Claude Lecourbe (1759–1815), French general
 * Claude Lecouteux (born 1943), French philologist
 * Claude L'Écuyer (born 1947), Canadian politician
 * Claude Ledoux (composer) (born 1960), Belgian composer
 * Claude Nicolas Ledoux (1736–1806), French neoclassical architect
 * Claude Lefebvre, several people
 * Claude Joachim Lefèvre, French racehorse owner
 * Claude Lefort (1924–2010), French philosopher
 * Claude Legault (born 1963), Canadian actor and TV writer
 * Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand (1762–1815), French general
 * Claude Legrand (skier) (born 1941), French cross-country skier
 * Claude Legris (born 1956), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Lelouch (born 1937), French filmmaker and writer
 * Claude Lemaréchal, French applied mathematician
 * Claude Lemieux (born 1965), retired ice hockey player in the National Hockey League
 * Claude Lemoine (born 1932), French chess player
 * Claude Lenners (born 1956), Luxembourgish composer
 * Claude Lepelley (1934–2015), French historian
 * Claude Leroy (field hockey) (1935–2004), French field hockey player
 * Claude Leteurtre (born 1940), French politician
 * Claude Léveillée, French musical artist
 * Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), French anthropologist
 * Claude Lewis (1908–1993), English cricketer
 * Claude Liauzu (1940–2007), French historian
 * Claude Lightfoot (1910–1991), American politician
 * C. H. Lindsley (1894–1969), American architect
 * Claude List, rugby league player
 * Claude Littner (born 1949), British businessman
 * Claude Lobo (1943–2011), automotive designer
 * Claude Loiselle (born 1963), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Lorius (1932–2023), French glaciologist
 * Claude Lorrain (died 1682), French painter, droughts-man and etcher
 * Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), French chemist
 * Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain (1707–1778), French general
 * Claude Lowitz (born 1962), French football player and manager
 * Claude Lowther (1870–1929), British politician
 * Claude Loyola Allgen (1920–1990), Swedish composer
 * Claude Lucas (born 1943), French writer
 * Claude Luse (1879–1932), American lawyer and United States District Judge for the Western District of Wisconsin
 * Claude Luter (1923–2006), musical artist
 * Claude Lutz (1942–2022), French retired slalom canoeist
 * Claude Maxwell MacDonald (1852–1915), British army officer and diplomat
 * Claude Mackay (1894–1915), Indian-born English cricketer
 * Claude Maddox (1897–1958), Chicago mobster
 * Claude Magnay (1819–1870), English clergyman and cricketer
 * Claude Magni (born 1950), French cyclist
 * Claude Maka Kum (born 1985), footballer
 * Claude Makélélé (born 1973), French football manager and former player
 * Claude Mallet, British diplomat
 * Claude de Malleville (1597–1647), French poet
 * Claude Mandil (born 1942), French businessman
 * Claude Mandy (1908–1978), South African cricketer
 * Claude Mantoulan (1936–1983), former French dual-code international rugby footballer
 * Claude Marcel, French diplomat, language teacher and applied linguist
 * Claude Marcil (born 1963), Canadian fencer
 * Claude Mariétan (born 1953), Swiss footballer
 * Claude Marin (1931–2001), French cartoonist
 * Claude Marin de la Perrière (1705–1752), Canadian fur trader
 * Claude Marquet (1869–1920), Australian political cartoonist
 * Claude Martin (1735–1800), French soldier
 * Claude Martin (rower) (1930–2017), French rower
 * Claude Massey (1889–1968), Australian public servant and diplomat
 * Claude Massop (1949–1979), gang leader
 * Claude Matthews (1845–1898), American politician
 * Claude Matthews (Australian politician) (1899–1954), Australian politician
 * Claude Mattio (born 1936), French cyclist
 * Claude Mattocks (born 1980), footballer
 * Claude Maurer (born 1975), Swiss sailor
 * Claude Mauriac (1914–1996), French author and journalist
 * Claude C. McColloch (1888–1959), American politician and judge
 * Claude McFayden (died 1947), Australian rugby league footballer and administrator
 * Claude McKay (1889–1948), Jamaican writer and poet
 * Claude McKenzie, Canadian singer-songwriter
 * Claude C. McRaven (1918–2007), American football player
 * Claude Meillassoux (1925–2005), French neo-Marxist economic anthropologist and Africanist
 * Claude Meisch (born 1971), Luxembourgish politician
 * Claude Mélançon (1895–1973), French Canadian naturalist, journalist and author
 * Claude Melki (1939–1994), French actor
 * Claude Mellan (1598–1688), French engraver and painter
 * Claude Melnot Wilson (1898–1918), Canadian World War I flying ace
 * Claude Ménard, several people
 * Claude Mercier-Ythier (1931–2020), French harpsichord manufacturer
 * Claude Ignace François Michaud (1751–1835),
 * Claude Michel (1738–1814), French sculptor
 * Claude Michel (footballer) (born 1971), French footballer
 * Claude Michel (politician) (born 1938), French politician
 * Claude Michelet (1938–2022), French writer
 * Claude Michely (1959–2023), Luxembourgish cyclist
 * Claude Michy (born 1949), French sports executive
 * Claude Migeon (1923–2018), French pediatric endocrinologist
 * Claude Miller (baseball), American baseball player
 * Claude Miller (bishop) (1944–2023), Canadian Anglican bishop
 * Claude Mithon de Genouilly (1725–1803), French navy officer of the war of American Independence
 * Claude Mobitang (born 1987), Cameroonian footballer
 * Claude Moët (1683–1760), French winemaker and wine merchant
 * Claude Moisy (1927–2020), French journalist
 * Claude Mollet (1564–1649), French gardener and astrologer
 * Claude Monet (1840–1926), French painter
 * Claude Mongeau, Canadian railroad executive
 * Claude Moniquet (born 1958), French journalist
 * Claude Montal (1800–1865), French piano tuner and piano maker
 * Claude Montana (1947–2024), French fashion designer
 * Claude Montefiore (1858–1938), British Jewish religious leader and scholar
 * Claude Monteux (1920–2013), American flutist and conductor
 * Claude Montmarquette (1942–2021), Canadian economist
 * Claude Moore (1875–1928), British army officer
 * Claude Moraes (born 1965), British labor politician and campaigner
 * Claude Moreau (born 1958), French cyclist
 * Claude Morin, several people
 * Claude Morinière (born 1960), French long jumper
 * Claude F. Morris (1869–1957), Justice of the Montana Supreme Court
 * Claude Mouriéras (born 1953), French film director
 * Claude Mourthé (1932–2024), French writer and film director
 * Claude Mulcahy, South African cricketer and South African Army officer
 * Claude Mulot (1942–1986), French screenwriter and film director
 * Claude Mutafian (born 1942), French writer, historian and mathematician
 * Claude Myburgh (1911–1987), English cricketer and British Army officer
 * Claude Mydorge (1585–1647), French mathematician
 * Claude Mylon (1618–1660), French mathematician
 * C. Nash Herndon (1916–1998), American geneticist
 * Claude Netter (1924–2007), French Olympic champion foil fencer
 * Claude Neveu (1931–2007), French slalom canoeist
 * Claude Newberry (1888–1916), South African cricketer
 * Claude Newman, British ballet dancer
 * Claude Nicholson, several people
 * Claude Nicolas (born 1941), French middle-distance runner
 * Claude Nicolet (1930–2010), French historian
 * Claude Nicollier (born 1944), first Swiss astronaut
 * Claude Nicot (1925–2003), French actor
 * Claude Nicouleau (born 1961), French speed skater
 * Claude Niépce (1763–1828), French inventor
 * Claude Nobs (1936–2013), Swiss businessman
 * Claude Noël (born 1955), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Noel (boxer) (1948–2023), Trinidad and Tobago boxer
 * Claude Noisette de Crauzat (born 1938), French musicologist and organ specialist
 * Claude Nougaro (1929–2004), French jazz singer
 * Claude Nowell (1944–2008), American entrepreneur and religious teacher
 * Claude Obsomer, Belgian Egyptologist
 * Claude Oestges, Belgian engineer
 * Claude Olievenstein (1933–2008), French psychiatrist
 * Claude Ollier (1922–2014), French writer
 * Claude Olney (1931–1995), college professor and author
 * Claude Onesta (born 1957), French handball player
 * Claude Osteen (born 1939), American baseball player
 * Claude Ouimet (1961–2019), Canadian actor
 * Claude Overton (1927–1996), American basketball player
 * Claude Pache (born 1943), French rower
 * Claude Pacot, French architect
 * Claude Paillat (1924–2001), French historian, journalist and writer
 * Claude V. Palisca (1921–2001), 20th century authority on early music, professor of music at Yale
 * Claude Panier (1912–1990), French politician
 * Claude Papesch (died 1987), New Zealand musical artist
 * Claude Papi (1949–1983), French footballer
 * Claude Paradin (1510–1573), French writer, collector, historian and genealogist
 * Claude Parent (1923–2016), French architect
 * Claude Parfaict (1705–1777), French theatre historian
 * Claude Paris (1808–1866), French composer
 * Claude Parisot (c. 1704–1784), French organ builder
 * Claude V. Parsons (1895–1941), American politician
 * Claude Pascal (1921–2017), French composer
 * Claude Passeau (1909–2003), American baseball player
 * Claude Patrick (born 1980), Canadian mixed martial arts fighter
 * Claude Patry (born 1953), Canadian politician
 * Claude E. Payne (born 1932), American episcopal bishop
 * Claude Payton (1882–1955), American actor
 * Claude Pélieu (1934–2002), French poet, translator and artist
 * Claude Pelly (1902–1972), Royal Air Force commander
 * Claude Pelon (born 1992), American football player
 * Claude Péloquin (1942–2018), Canadian poet, writer, singer, songwriter, screenwriter and director
 * Claude Penz (1924–2006), French alpine skier
 * Claude Pepper (1900–1989), American politician
 * Claude Perraudin (1948–2001), French musician
 * Claude Perrault (1613–1688), French architect
 * Claude Peter (1947–2022), French basketball player
 * Claude Petit, French politician
 * Claude Philippe (1910–1978), British-born French-American restaurateur
 * Claude Phillip (born 1942), Trinidadian cricketer
 * Claude Phillips (1846–1924), English writer
 * Claude Picard (born 1938), French sprint canoer
 * Claude Picasso (1947–2023), French filmmaker, designer and artist
 * Claude Pickens, American missionary and photographer
 * Claude de Picques (1515–?), French bookbinder
 * Claude Piel (1921–1982), French aircraft designer
 * Claude Piéplu (1923–2006), French actor
 * Claude Pierrat (born 1963), French cross-country skier
 * Claude Pilon, Canadian football player and wrestler
 * Claude Pinard (born 1949), Canadian politician
 * Claude Piquemal (born 1939), French sprinter
 * Claude Piron (1931–2008), linguist and psychologist
 * Claude Pivi, Guinean politician
 * Claude Platt (1904–1966), Australian sports shooter
 * Claude Plessier (born 1946), French painter
 * Claude Poirier (born 1938), Canadian journalist
 * Claude Pollard (1874–1942), American lawyer
 * Claude Ponsard (1927–1990), French economist
 * Claude Poole, American baseball player
 * Claude R. Porter (1872–1946), American politician
 * Claude Portolan, French rugby union player
 * Claude Pouillet (1790–1868), French physicist
 * Claude Poullart des Places (1679–1709), French catholic priest
 * Claude Pouteau (1725–1775), French surgeon and inventor
 * Claude Pronovost (1935–2022), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Prosdocimi (1927–2016), French footballer and coach
 * Claude Prouvoyeur (1927–2018), French politician
 * Claude Provencher (1949–2022), Canadian architect
 * Claude Provost (1933–1984), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Pruneau (born 1960), Canadian-American nuclear physicist
 * Claude Puel (born 1961), French association football player and manager
 * Claude Quenneville (born 1949), Canadian sports commentator in Quebec
 * Claude Quétel, French historian
 * Claude Quittet (born 1941), French footballer
 * Claude Raffestin (born 1936), Swiss geographer
 * Claude Raffy (born 1945), French swimmer
 * Claude Rains (1889–1967), British-born American actor
 * Claude Rajon (1866–1932), French politician
 * Claude Ramey (1754–1838), French sculptor
 * Claude Ramsey (1943–2018), American farmer and politician
 * Claude Rapin (born 19??), archaeologist specialising in Central Asian studies
 * Claude Ravinet (born 1943), Belgian field hockey player
 * Claude Raymond (born 1937), Canadian baseball player
 * Claude Reeds (1890–1974), American football player and coach
 * Claude Reid, Canadian politician
 * Claude Reignier Conder (1848–1910), British military officer and explorer
 * Claude Renoir (1913–1993), French cinematographer
 * Claude Ribbe (born 1954), French writer, activist and filmmaker
 * Claude Rich (1929–2017), French actor
 * Claude Richardson (1900–1969), Canadian politician
 * Claude Riche (1762–1797), French naturalist
 * Claude Richmond (born 1935), Canadian politician
 * Claude Rifat (1952–2002), French biologist
 * Claude Rigby (1882–1960), Irish cricketer and radiologist
 * Claude Rijmenans (born 1948), Belgian ambassador
 * Claude Riley (born 1960), American basketball player
 * Claude Rilly (born 1959), French linguist and archaeologist
 * Claude Ritchey (1873–1951), American baseball player
 * Claude Rivière (born 1932), French anthropologist
 * Claude Robert (1928–2007), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude C. Robinson (1881–1976), Canadian ice hockey and sports executive
 * Claude E. Robinson (1900–1961), American advertising researcher
 * Claude Rock (1863–1950), Australian schoolmaster and cricketer
 * Claude Rogers, several people
 * Claude Rohla (1951–2011), Luxembourgish archer
 * Claude Ross (1893–1917), Australian track and field athlete
 * Claude Rossi (born 1937), Monegasque sailor
 * Claude Rossman (1881–1928), American baseball player
 * Claude Rothgeb (1880–1944), American athlete and coach
 * Claude Rouer (1929–2021), French road cyclist
 * Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (1760–1836), French writer and composer
 * Claude Rousseau (born 1953), Canadian archer
 * Claude Roussel, Canadian sculptor
 * Claude Roussel (athlete) (1941–1992), French bobsledder
 * Claude Roux (born 1945), French lichenologist and esperantist
 * Claude Rowe (1904–1973), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Roy, several people
 * Claude Rubie (1888–1939), English cricketer and soldier
 * Claude Ruel (1938–2015), Canadian ice hockey coach
 * Claude Ruey (born 1949), Swiss politician
 * Claude Ruggieri (1777–1841), French pyrotechnician
 * Claude Russell-Brown (1873–1939), Canadian tennis player
 * Claude Rutault (1941–2022), French painter
 * Claude Ryan (1925–2004), Canadian journalist and politician
 * Claude Rye, British speedway rider
 * Claude Ryf (born 1957), Swiss footballer and manager
 * Claude Sabbah (born 1954), French mathematician
 * Claude Sadio (born 1943), Senegalese basketball player
 * Claude Sahut (1883–1932), French architect
 * Claude Salhani (1952–2022), Lebanese-American photographer, photojournalist and author
 * Claude Sallier (1685–1761), French librarian
 * Claude Saluden (1937–1996), French boxer
 * Claude Samuel (1931–2020), French music critic
 * Claude Sandoz (born 1946), Swiss visual artist
 * Claude Santelli (1923–2001), French film director
 * Claude Saunders (1912–2007), Canadian rower
 * Claude Saunier (1943–2022), French politician
 * Claude Saurel (born 1948), French rugby union player and coach
 * Claude Sautet (1924–2000), French film director and screenwriter
 * Claude Sauvage (1936–2011), French cyclist
 * Claude Savoie, several people
 * Claude Frédéric-Armand Schaeffer (1898–1982), French archaeologist
 * Claude Schnitzler, French organist and conductor
 * Claude Schwob, American nuclear chemist
 * Claude Scudamore Jarvis (1879–1953), British colonial Governor and journalist
 * Claude Stephane Seanla (born 1988), Ivorian footballer
 * Claude Seignolle (1917–2018), French author
 * Claude Serre (1938–1998), French cartoonist
 * Claude Shannon (1916–2001), American information theorist, mathematician, and electrical engineer
 * Claude Sheppard (1916–2001), Canadian politician and magistrate
 * Claude Allin Shepperson (1867–1921), British artist, illustrator and joke cartoonist
 * Claude Sicard (1677–1726), French Jesuit priest and Egyptologist
 * Claude Silberzahn (1935–2020), French civil servant
 * Claude Henry da Silva (1891–1980), Singaporean lawyer
 * Claude Simon (1913–2005), French novelist
 * Claude Simons, several people
 * Claude Simpol (1666–1711), French painter
 * Claude Sintes (born 1953), French archaeologist and curator
 * Claude Sionnest (1749–1820), French naturalist
 * Claude Sirvent (born 1971), French international rugby league footballer
 * Claude Sitton (1925–2015), American journalist
 * Claude Smeal (1918–1993), Australian long-distance runner
 * Claude Smith, several people
 * Claude Soulé (1911–?), French field hockey player
 * Claude Spanghero (born 1948), French rugby player
 * Claude V. Spratley (1882–1976), American judge
 * Claude St. Sauveur (born 1952), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Thomas Stanfield Moore (1853–1901), English painter
 * Claude Stanlake (1882–1960), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Steele (born 1946), American social psychologist and professor
 * Claude Steiner (1935–2017), American psychotherapist and psychologist
 * Claude Stin (1922–2007), Russian-French artist
 * Claude Stone Jr. (1926–2014), American politician
 * Claude U. Stone (1879–1957), American politician
 * Claude van der Straaten (1905–1962), Ceylonese cricketer
 * Claude Strebelle (1917–2010), Belgian architect
 * Claude Sullivan (1924–1967), American sportscaster
 * Claude J. Summers, American literary scholar
 * Claude Surprenant (born 1963), Canadian politician
 * Claude A. Swanson (1862–1939), American lawyer and politician
 * Claude Taittinger (1927–2022), French businessman
 * Claude Taugher (1897–1963), recipient of the naval cross
 * Claude Taylor, several people
 * Claude Teisseire (born 1931), former French international rugby league footballer
 * Claude Terrasse (1867–1923), French composer
 * Claude Terrell (born 1982), American football player
 * Claude Terry (born 1950), American basketball player
 * Claude Tessier (1943–2010), Canadian politician
 * Claude Testot-Ferry (1773–1856), French cavalry veteran
 * Claude Thomas, several people
 * Claude Thomassin (1865–1942), French bow maker
 * Claude R. Thomson (1933–2010), Canadian lawyer
 * Claude Thorburn (born 1987), Namibian cricket umpire
 * Claude Thornhill (1908–1965), American pianist, composer and arranger
 * Claude E. Thornhill (1893–1956), American football player and coach
 * Claude Tillier (1801–1844), French novelist and pamphleteer
 * Claude Tircuy de Corcelle (1768–1843), French politician
 * Claude Charles du Tisné, French soldier and Illinois country explorer
 * Claude Tissendier (born 1952), French jazz reedist and bandleader
 * Claude Titre (1930–1985), French actor
 * Claude Tollet (born 1949), French cyclist
 * Claude Toovey (1896–1978), Australian rules footballer
 * Claude Toukéné-Guébogo (born 1975), Cameroonian sprinter
 * Claude Tousignant (born 1932), Canadian artist
 * Claude Tozer (1890–1920), Australian cricketer
 * Claude Trahan (1939–1975), Canadian ski jumper
 * Claude Treglown (1893–1980), English cricketer
 * Claude Tresmontant (1925–1997), French philosopher, Hellenist and theologian
 * Claude Troisgros (born 1956), French chef
 * Claude Trudel (born 1942), Canadian politician
 * Claude Frédéric t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly (1648–1723), Dutch general
 * Claude Tshidibi (born 1993), South African rugby player
 * Claude Tudor, United States Air Force general
 * Claude Turmes (born 1960), Luxembourgish politician
 * Claude Vaillancourt (born 1944), Canadian politician
 * Claude H. Van Tyne (1869–1930), American historian
 * Claude Vandersleyen (1927–2021), Belgian Egyptologist
 * Claude Vasconi (1940–2009), French architect
 * Claude Vellefaux (1505–?), French architect
 * Claude Ventura (born 1938), French film director
 * Claude Joseph Vernet (1714–1789), French painter
 * Claude Verret (born 1963), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Verspaille (born 1964), Belgian footballer and manager
 * Claude Viallat (born 1936), French contemporary painter
 * Claude Videgla (born 1990), Togolese footballer
 * Claude Viens (born 1949), Canadian handball player
 * Claude Vigée (1921–2020), French poet and academic
 * Claude Vignon (1593–1670), French painter
 * Claude Vilgrain (born 1963), Haitian-born Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Alvin Villee Jr. (1917–2003), American biologist
 * Claude Vincendeau (born 1954), French cyclist
 * Claude Virden (born 1947), American basketball player
 * Claude Virgin (1928–2006), British fashion photographer
 * Claude de Visdelou (1656–1737), French missionary
 * Claude Vivier (1948–1983), Canadian composer
 * Claude Volter (1933–2002), Belgian comedian and theatre director
 * Claude VonStroke (born 1971), American musical artist
 * Claude Wagner (1925–1979), Canadian politician
 * Claude Warner (1882–1965), Welsh cricketer
 * Claude Nelson Warren (1932–2021), American archaeologist
 * Claude A. Watson (1885–1978), American politician
 * Claude Weaver (1867–1954), American politician
 * Claude Weaver III (1923–1944), American-Canadian World War II flying ace
 * Claude Weisz (1939–2019), French film director
 * Claude Welch (disambiguation), several people
 * Claude Weston (1879–1946), New Zealand lawyer, soldier and politician
 * Claude Wharton (1914–2003), Australian politician
 * Claude Whatham (1927–2008), English film and TV director
 * Claude White, several people
 * Claude Whittindale (1881–1907), English rugby union player
 * Claude R. Wickard (1893–1967), American politician
 * Claude Wilborn (1912–1992), American baseball player
 * Claude Wild, Swiss diplomat
 * Claude Wilkinson (born 1959), American poet and artist
 * Claude Willoughby (1898–1973), American baseball player
 * Claude Wilson (1858–1881), English footballer and cricketer
 * Claude Wilson (ice hockey) (1893–1976), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Claude Windal (born 1939), French field hockey player
 * Claude Wiseler (born 1960), President of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg
 * Claude Wroten (born 1983), American gridiron football player
 * Claude Zdanow, American musical artist
 * Claude Zidi (born 1934), French film director and screenwriter
 * Claude Zilberberg (1938–2018), French semiotician

Women

 * Claude de Bectoz (1490–1547), writer, intellectual, abbess and correspondent of Francis I of France
 * Claude of France (1499–1524), queen consort of King Francis I of France and Duchess of Brittany
 * Claude of France (1547–1575), second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici
 * Claude de Vin des Œillets (1637–1687), a mistress of King Louis XIV of France
 * Claude Albright (1873–1923), American opera singer
 * Claude Arrieu (1903–1990), French composer
 * Claude Batho (1935–1981), French photographer
 * Claude Baumann, Swiss chess player
 * Claude Bergeret (born 1954), French table tennis player
 * Claude Borelli (1934–1960), French actress
 * Claude Cahun (1894–1954), French surrealist photographer, sculptor and writer
 * Claude Chirac (born 1962), daughter of Jacques Chirac
 * Claude Darciaux (born 1942), French politician
 * Claude DeBellefeuille (born 1963), Canadian politician
 * Claude Dulong (1922–2017), French woman historian
 * Claude Farell (1914–2008), Austrian actress
 * Claude Gauvard (born 1942), French medievalist historian and academic
 * Claude Génia (1913–1979), French actress
 * Claude Gensac (1927–2016), French actress
 * Claude Greff (born 1954), French politician
 * Claude Haffner, French-Congolese filmmaker
 * Claude Jade (1948–2006), French actress
 * Claude Klee (1931–2017), French biochemist
 * Claude Kogan (1919–1959), French mountain climber
 * Claude B. Levenson (1938–2010), French journalist and writer
 * Claude Lombard (1945–2021), Belgian singer
 * Claude Mandonnaud (born 1950), French swimmer
 * Claude May (1913–2009), French actress
 * Claude Mérelle (1888–1976), French actress
 * Claude or Claudia Moatti (born 1954), French historian specialising in Roman Studies
 * Claude Mossé (1924–2022), French historian
 * Claude Nollier (1919–2009), French actress
 * Claude Perchat (1952–2022), French graphic designer and illustrator
 * Claude Perron (born 1966), French actress
 * Claude Pompidou (1912–2007), widow of President Georges Pompidou
 * Claude Porter White (1907–1975), American author and composer
 * Claude Pujade-Renaud (born 1932), French writer
 * Claude Raguet Hirst (1855–1942), American painter
 * Claude Saint-Cyr (1911–2002), French milliner
 * Claude Sarraute (1927–2023), French writer and journalist
 * Claude Scott-Mitchell, Australian actress
 * Claude Sylvain (1930–2005), French actress and singer
 * Claude Winter (1931–2011), French stage and film actress

Fictional characters

 * Claude (chatbot), a large language model developed by Anthropic AI
 * Claude, from the anime series Beyblade G-Revolution
 * Claude, from the Bleach franchise
 * Claude, eponymous dog from the Claude series of books by Alex T. Smith
 * Claude, protagonist of the video game Grand Theft Auto III
 * Claude, young numbat in the 2007 Australian film Gumnutz: A Juicy Tale
 * Claude, from the television series Heroes
 * Claude, uncle of Hugo Cabret in the novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret
 * Claude, French character in the children's television series The Raggy Dolls
 * Claude, from the children's animated series Timothy Goes to School
 * Claude, a rabbit villager in the video game series Animal Crossing
 * Claude of Valois, from the television series Reign
 * Claude Hooper Bukowski, protagonist of the musical Hair
 * Claude Cat, from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon series from Warner Bros.
 * Claude Faustus, demonic butler from the Black Butler franchise
 * Claude Fitzwilliam, title character in the 1967 American romantic comedy film Fitzwilly
 * Claude Frollo, villain of the Victor Hugo novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and its Disney adaptation
 * Claude, a crab and one of the Peggle Masters from Peggle
 * Claude von Riegan, one of the three main lords from the video games Fire Emblem: Three Houses and Fire Emblem Warriors: Three Hopes
 * Claude Scruggs, a minor character in the Pixar animated film Cars
 * Claude Speed, protagonist of the video game Grand Theft Auto 2
 * Claude Sterling, villain from the manga adaptation of the "Vampire Kisses" book series
 * Claude Wallace, protagonist of the video game Valkyria Chronicles 4
 * Claude Wheeler, main character of Willa Cather's One of Ours
 * Claude Banks, main character of Life (1999 film) portrayed by Martin Lawrence

title: Claude (given name)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/May 31

What does this image have to do with the selected articles? RickK | Talk 05:34, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

It shows directly-elected U.S. senators. Godiva would be a better image. -- Nunh-huh 05:40, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

from WP:ERRORS
May 31 is not "Independence Day" in South Africa. It was the date of the Treaty of Vereeneging ending the Boer War (1902), the date of the formation of the Union of South Africa from four British colonies (1910) and the date the Union became the Republic of South Africa (1961). The date was a public holiday as Republic Day until 1994. South Africa gained independence following the passing of the Statute of Westminster in the British parliament on 11 December 1931, a date never formally celebrated with a holiday. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Brutus2 (talk • contribs) 13:25, 31 May 2006.
 * It's not on Public holidays in South Africa. Let's remove it from the Main Page. -- 199.71.174.100 21:18, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Joan of Arc
Forgot to add, Joan of Arc was burned on this day after finding her guilty of heresy. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Phu2734 (talk • contribs).
 * Joan of Arc is currently already featured on the July 7 selected anniversaries page. Wikipedia's selected anniversaries guidelines states that "Ideally, any particular selected article should only be listed (be an emboldened entry) once in this queue." Therefore, would you like me to remove the July 7 entry that mentions that she was posthumously acquitted of heresy? Or revert your edit here? Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:08, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Tornado outbreak
Hi. Can we mention the 1985 United States – Canadian tornado outbreak? Thanks. ~ A H  1 (TCU) 19:51, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Article is currently tagged with Inappropriate tone and Unreferenced, the deciding factor on why it did not make the top five currently displayed. Zzyzx11 (talk) 23:19, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 22:03, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Assassination of George Tiller
 * Omitted: Ramesses II; Battle of the Kalka River; Battle of Seven Pines; Burning of Jaffna library; MV Mavi Marmara
 * Included: Petronius Maximus (first appearance); Samuel Pepys (6th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Battle of Jutland (4th appearance, last in 2007; rescued from Ineligible); Tulsa race riot (first appearance); Anglo-Iraqi War (first appearance)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:27, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Petronius Maximus (moved to March 17); Battle of Jutland (ineligible—maintenance); Tulsa race riot; Anglo-Iraqi War
 * Included: Battle of the Kalka River (5th appearance, last in 2011); 1935 Balochistan earthquake (first appearance); Burning of Jaffna library (3rd appearance, last in 2011); Assassination of George Tiller (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Samuel Pepys (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:57, 30 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Samuel Pepys; 1935 Balochistan earthquake; Burning of Jaffna library; Assassination of George Tiller
 * Included: Ramesses II (4th appearance, last in 2011); Battle of Seven Pines (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Anglo-Iraqi War (2nd appearance, last in 2012); MV Mavi Marmara (2nd appearance, last in 2011)
 * Repeats: Battle of the Kalka River (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

Mavi Marmara
The wording of the Mavi Marmara hook is quite bizarre. 'Engaged in armed conflict' is an odd wording when you attack a civilian ship on international waters. Just saying 'attack' would be a NPOV wording. Yesterday we had a link to the 'Lod Airport massacre', which at no point uses wording like 'engaged in armed conflict', in spite the fact that the Ben Gurion airport security was clearly more heavily armed than the passengers of Mavi Marmara. --Soman (talk) 11:54, 31 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I disagree that "attack" is NPOV, because conjures up the image of the Israeli Navy ship firing upon the civilian boat. According to the Gaza flotilla raid article, the Navy boarded the Mavi Marmara, whereupon they encountered armed resistance. The people on the other five ships that were boarded responded non-violently. If you can come up with a way of explaining that succinctly, then I'll be happy to change the blurb. — howcheng  {chat} 18:34, 31 May 2014 (UTC)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:25, 29 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Ramesses II; Battle of Seven Pines; Anglo-Iraqi War; MV Mavi Marmara (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Samuel Pepys (8th appearance, last in 2013); 1935 Balochistan earthquake (2nd appearance, last in 2013; 80th anniversary); Burning of Jaffna library (4th appearance, last in 2013); Deep Throat (Watergate) (first appearance; 10th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Battle of the Kalka River (3rd consecutive appearance, 7 total)

Trinity Sunday
Today is Trinity Sunday in the Western rite. It takes precedence over the Feast of the Visitation, so I don't quite understand why the latter is and the former isn't mentioned. Yours in Christ, Revd F.B. --88.107.71.223 (talk) 14:30, 31 May 2015 (UTC)
 * That article has a big orange maintenance tag on it, which per the rules makes it ineligible for inclusion. — howcheng  {chat} 17:52, 1 June 2015 (UTC)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 00:36, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: 1935 Balochistan earthquake; Burning of Jaffna library; Deep Throat (Watergate)
 * Included: Battle of Seven Pines (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Anglo-Iraqi War (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Assassination of George Tiller (2nd appearance, last in 2013)
 * Repeats: Battle of the Kalka River (4th consecutive appearance, 8 total); Samuel Pepys (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total)

 * Should the birthday of Bernard Lewis, who turns 100 today, be listed? --Light show (talk) 17:49, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't think he is notable enough for a birthday inclusion. — howcheng  {chat} 21:28, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Now that we are including births/deaths, I've added him into the pool of eligible articles. — howcheng  {chat} 15:36, 31 May 2019 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:00, 31 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Ramesses II (maintenance); Deep Throat (Watergate) (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Samuel Pepys; Battle of Seven Pines (ineligible—maintenance); Anglo-Iraqi War; Assassination of George Tiller
 * Included: Madison Square Garden (1879) (first appearance); Treaty of Vereeniging (first appearance); 1935 Quetta earthquake (3rd appearance, last in 2015); Burning of Jaffna Public Library (5th appearance, last in 2015); Albertino Mussato (first appearance); Walt Whitman (first appearance); Chien-Shiung Wu (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Battle of the Kalka River (5th consecutive appearance, 9 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 19:36, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Mecklenburg Resolves
 * Omitted: Battle of the Kalka River; Madison Square Garden (1879); 1935 Quetta earthquake; Burning of Jaffna Public Library; Albertino Mussato; Walt Whitman; Chien-Shiung Wu
 * Included: Revolutionary Tribunal (first appearance); Anglo-Iraqi War (4th appearance, last in 2016); Mark Felt (first appearance; blurb previously featured Deep Throat (Watergate), which is currently ineligible, and is making its 2nd appearance, last in 2015); Nur Jahan (first appearance); Jane Joseph (2nd appearance, last in 2018; also appeared on March 9, her birthday); Timothy Leary (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Treaty of Vereeniging (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2019
,Help! Walt Whitman's 200th birthday! Alanscottwalker (talk) 12:54, 30 May 2019 (UTC)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:34, 31 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Tulsa race riot (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Chien-Shiung Wu (POTD for 2019); Jørgen Jensen (soldier) (TFA for April 2, 2019)
 * New articles (unused): Joseph Grimaldi; Bernard Lewis; Jan Crouch
 * Omitted: Treaty of Vereeniging; Anglo-Iraqi War; Mark Felt; Nur Jahan; Jane Joseph; Timothy Leary
 * Included: Surabaya (first appearance); 1935 Quetta earthquake (4th appearance, last in 2017); Burning of Jaffna Public Library (6th appearance, last in 2017); George Tiller/Assassination of George Tiller (Tiller: first appearance; Assassination: 3rd appearance, last in 2016; 10th anniversary); Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud (first appearance); Walt Whitman (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 200th birthday); Carla Lane (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Revolutionary Tribunal (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

Suggested death
Might I suggest Mbaye Diagne (d. 1994) for deaths? Good article rating, under-represented nationality, and an astonishing story. Cheers, Featous (talk) 21:05, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the suggestion. We put him in for this year. — howcheng  {chat} 17:49, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:14, 1 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Chien-Shiung Wu; Jørgen Jensen (soldier)
 * Omitted: Surabaya; Revolutionary Tribunal; Burning of Jaffna Public Library; George Tiller/Assassination of George Tiller; Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud; Walt Whitman; Carla Lane
 * Included: Battle of the Kalka River (10th appearance, last in 2017); Mecklenburg Resolves (first appearance); Treaty of Vereeniging (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Mark Felt (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Kusumoto Ine (first appearance); Clint Eastwood (2nd appearance, last in 2004; previously appeared on April 8); Mbaye Diagne (first appearance)
 * Repeats: 1935 Quetta earthquake (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of the Kalka River; Mecklenburg Resolves; Treaty of Vereeniging; 1935 Quetta earthquake; Mark Felt; Kusumoto Ine; Clint Eastwood; Mbaye Diagne
 * Included: Revolutionary Tribunal (3rd appearance, last in 2019); Tulsa race massacre (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 100th anniversary; rescued from Ineligible); South Africa (4th appearance, last in 2006; previously appeared as an observance and was later deleted; 60th anniversary); Burning of Jaffna Public Library (7th appearance, last in 2019; 40th anniversary); Rosa May Billinghurst (first appearance); Jørgen Jensen (soldier) (first appearance); Derek Hodge (first appearance; 10th anniversary)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:48, 1 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Revolutionary Tribunal; Tulsa race massacre; South Africa; Burning of Jaffna Public Library; Rosa May Billinghurst; Derek Hodge
 * Included: Surabaya (2nd appearance, last in 2019); Battle of Seven Pines (4th appearance, last in 2016); Treaty of Vereeniging (4th appearance, last in 2020); Anglo-Iraqi War (5th appearance, last in 2018); Mark Felt (3rd appearance, last in 2020); Géza II of Hungary (first appearance); Walter Sickert (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Jørgen Jensen (soldier) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 100th anniversary)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Tsukiji

Tsukiji (築地) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. Literally meaning "reclaimed land", it lies near the Sumida River on land reclaimed from Tokyo Bay in the 18th century during the Edo period. The eponymous Tsukiji fish market opened in 1935 and closed in 2018 when its operations were moved to the new Toyosu Market.

There are also districts named Tsukiji in Kobe and Amagasaki, cities in Hyōgo Prefecture, although neither is as well known as the district in Tokyo.

History
Tsukiji is built on reclaimed land out of what were once lowland marshes along the Sumida River delta. Throughout the Tokugawa period, earth from the shogunate's extensive moat and canal excavations was systematically used to fill in the marshes along the river, creating new commercial districts and waterfront housing. The land was then named Tsukiji (築地), meaning "constructed land" or "reclaimed land".

The Great Fire of Meireki of 1657 destroyed over two-thirds of Edo's buildings, including Hongan-ji temple in Asakusa, the enormous Kantō headquarters of the Jōdo Shinshū sect. As a result, the temple site was relocated to Tsukiji, where many of the residents of nearby Tsukudajima were instrumental in its reconstruction. A number of other temples were also erected on what is now the outer marketplace. In addition, many private residences for samurai and feudal lords were constructed along the southern edge of Tsukiji.

In 1869, Tsukiji was designated as an approved residential area for foreigners and treaty port. However, as the Yokohama foreign settlement, opened in 1859, had already become a center for commercial activities and international trade it never flourished, Like Yokohama, it was separated from the city by a canal.Tsukiji grew more as a focus for education, healthcare and Christian mission work. Early classroom and study facilities for Keio University, Rikkyo University, Aoyama Gakkuin, St. Margaret's Junior College, the American School in Japan and St. Luke's International Hospital were all to be found in this district. The Hoterukan (also known as Tsukiji Hotel or Edo Hotel), the first foreign -style hotel in Tokyo was a popular subject for woodblock prints after it opened in 1870, but it burned down after only four years.It was never very popular with foreigners, who gravitated to other parts of the city or Yokohama. Moreover, the roadstead was distant because the harbor was shallow. After twenty years (1889), it was reincorporated into the city of Tokyo.

The United States legation occupied a site in Tsukiji from 1875 to 1890 on the site that is now occupied by the St. Luke's Garden complex. The American legation had been moved from an old temple in Azabu, by Minister John Bingham, prominent Reconstruction era Ohio congressman and the longest serving American chief of mission to serve in Japan. A total of ten other legations also established quarters there.

Tsukiji was also the location from 1869 of the Imperial Japanese Navy technical training facilities, renamed in 1876 as the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy. In 1888, the Naval Academy was relocated from Tsukiji to new, larger facilities at Etajima in Hiroshima Prefecture. The Tsukiji naval buildings next to the Akibashi bridge then became home, until 1923, of the Naval War College, a post-graduate staff college for senior naval officers.

After it was closed as a treaty port, it became an industrial area. The Great Kantō earthquake on September 1, 1923, and the resultant fires which raged in its aftermath, caused severe damage throughout central Tokyo. A significant portion of the Tsukiji district burned to the ground, and the old Nihonbashi fish market was razed. In the citywide restructuring following the quake, the Nihonbashi fish market was relocated to the Tsukiji district, and after the construction of a modern market facility, reopened in 1935. It was a major source of fish for the region. In his book on Tsukiji, Theodore Bestor called it "the market at the center of the world."

Places of interest

 * For many residents and visitors to Tokyo, the Central Wholesale Market, better known as the Tsukiji fish market was synonymous with sushi, sashimi and seafood products of every kind. While the inner market moved in October 2018 to the new Toyosu Market, the many small neighborhood restaurants, restaurant supply stores and retail operations in the outer market have remained and act as a major culinary tourist destination. Tsukiji was the largest fish market in the world handling more than 2000 tons of 450 types of seafood daily.
 * Tsukiji Hongan-ji, a key temple of the Jōdo Shinshū sect of Buddhism. Inside the temple is a small memorial to deceased popular rock star hide.
 * The Sumida River, the Tsukiji riverbank has pedestrian access north of the Kachidoki Bridge.
 * Quieter backstreets of Tsukiji still feature some older properties and storefronts clad in copper tiles used in the early Showa Period as a means of weather-proofing and distinctive architectural decoration.
 * St. Luke's Garden, one of Tokyo's taller buildings containing, offices, a hotel, residential and long-term care accommodation. Part of the St. Luke's International Hospital campus.

Companies based in Tsukiji

 * Asahi Shimbun
 * Mitsui E＆S
 * Nihon Ad Systems
 * NTT Data
 * Shochiku

Foreign companies with offices:
 * Avianca

Subway stations

 * Tsukijishijō Station on Toei Ōedo Line
 * Tsukiji Station on Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line
 * Shintomicho Station on Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line
 * Walking distance from Shinbashi and Ginza

Education
Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by Chuo City Board of Education. Tsukiji 1-6 chome are zoned to Kyōbashi Tsukiji Elementary School (中央区立京橋築地小学校), while Tsukiji 7-chome is zoned to Akashi Elementary School (中央区立明石小学校). All of Tsukiji is zoned to Ginza Junior High School (中央区立銀座中学校)

Rikkyo Junior High School, a private secondary school, was established in Tsukiji in 1896 but the building was destroyed by the Great Kanto earthquake, so a new building in Ikebukuro opened in 1923.

title: Tsukiji


text:
Topsoil

Topsoil is the upper layer of soil. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.

Description
Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity.

There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients. It also plays host to significant bacterial, fungal and entomological activity without which soil quality would degrade and become less suitable for plants. Bacteria and fungi can be essential in facilitating nutrient exchange with plants and in breaking down organic matter into a form that roots can absorb. Insects also play important roles in breaking down material and aerating and rotating the soil. Many species directly contribute to the health of the soil resulting in stronger plants. A healthy topsoil layer is a very rich microbiome that hosts a wide array of species.

Organic matter provides nutrition for living organisms and varies in quantity between different soils with the strength of the soil structure decreasing when more is present. It condenses and settles over time in different ways depending upon conditions such as beneath roadbeds and foundations vs uncovered and exposed to the elements. The structure becomes affected once the soil is dehydrated. Dehydrated topsoil volume substantially decreases and may suffer wind erosion.

Production
Topsoil is naturally produced in the process of soil formation or pedogenesis. Natural topsoil is mined and conditioned for human use and makes up the bulk of commercial topsoil available. The current rate of use and erosion outpaces soil generation.

It is possible to create artificial topsoil which supports some of the engineering or biological uses of topsoil. More traditional examples of artificial plant-growth media include terra preta and potting mix. Manufactured topsoil based on minerals, biosolids, compost and/or paper mill sludge is available commercially. A Victorian open-cut coal mine was rehabilitated with low-quality artificial topsoil made from local materials.

Classification
In soil classification systems, topsoil is known as the O Horizon or A Horizon. Soil horizons are layers parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. The depth of the topsoil layer is measured as the depth of the surface to the first densely packed soil layer, known as subsoil.

In the United States, there is no federal, legal definition of the word topsoil when used in commerce.

Evaluation
Organisations such as the British Standards Institution (BSI) and the North Carolina Department of Agriculture publish guidelines for soil quality and the desired levels of topsoil nutrients broadly suitable for many plants.

Two common types of commercial topsoil are Bulk and Bagged Topsoil. The following table illustrates major differences between the two.

Alternatively the BSI relates the following values:

The preceding tables are for a multipurpose grade and certain levels can alter with regard to soil pH.

Standards also exist for specialist soils suitable for plants with specific needs including acidic or ericaceous soil and calcareous soil. These have different pH levels to typical soil and are meant for growing different plant species. Low fertility, low fertility acidic and low fertility calcareous are other soil classifications designed for plants which thrive in nutrient sparse soil.

Examples of specialist plants include the Venus flytrap which is found in low nitrogen and phosphorus environments so is less tolerant of highly nutrient rich environments than other plants and less able to compete in them. Whereas blueberries require ericaceous soil to grow well and clover grows well in calcareous soil. Soils must therefore be selected to suit the plants which are intended to be grown and hence standards are required.

Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Topsoil is the primary resource for plants to grow and crops to thrive. The main two parameters for this are carbon and nitrogen. The carbon provides energy and nitrogen is required for plants to build proteins and hence tissues. Plants require them in a range of ratios to enable suitable growth. An optimum figure for topsoil in the UK is a C:N ratio of less than 20:1. A sawdust base typically has a high C:N ratio in the order of 400:1 while an alfalfa hay has a low carbonaceous content and can typically have a C:N ratio around 12:1.

Commercial application
A variety of soil mixtures are sold commercially as topsoil. Typical uses for this product are improving gardens and lawns or for use in container gardens. Potting soil, compost, manure and peat are also sold for domestic uses with each having specific intended purposes. Topsoil products typically are not as suitable for potting plants or growing fruit and veg as potting soil or compost. Using it for this purpose can also work out prohibitively expensive compared to other alternatives.

Topsoil is also used for proper surface grading near residential buildings. In order to protect against flooding the International Residential Code requires a 2% slope (2.4 in) for the first ten feet away from the home. Energy Star requires a rate of 0.5 in/ft.

Commercially available topsoil (manufactured or naturally occurring) in the United Kingdom must be classified to British Standard BS 3882, with the current version dated 2015. The standard has several classifications of topsoil with the final classification requiring material to meet certain threshold criteria such as nutrient content, extractable phytotoxic elements, particle size distribution, organic matter content, carbon:nitrogen ratio, electrical conductivity, loss on ignition, pH, chemical and physical contamination. The topsoil must be sampled in accordance with the British Standard and European Norm BS EN 12579:2013 Soil improvers and growing media – Sampling.

Erosion
Topsoil erosion occurs when the topsoil layer is blown or washed away. The estimated annual costs of public and environmental health losses related to soil erosion in the United States exceed $45 billion. Conventional industrial agriculture practices such as ploughing and spraying high quantities of synthetic liquid fertilisers can degrade the quality of the soil. Intensive farming methods to satisfy high food demands with high crop yields and growing crops in monocultures can deplete the soil nutrients and damage the soil microbiome. These factors can affect the consistency and quality of the soil resulting in increased erosion.

Surface runoff from farm fields is a type of nonpoint source pollution. Topsoil as well as farm fertilizers and other potential pollutants run off unprotected farm fields when heavy rains occur. This can result in polluting waterways and groundwater and may potentially contaminate drinking water sources. Algae blooms can occur when high quantities of nutrients flood rivers, lakes or oceans often as a result of farm runoff or from sewage. These harmful algal blooms can be toxic and have devastating impacts on ecosystems and wildlife. They are often referred to as red tides due to the presence of toxic red algae which can impact human food sources by contaminating seafood.

Sustainable techniques attempt to slow erosion through the use of cover crops in order to build organic matter in the soil. The United States loses almost 3 tons of topsoil per acre per year. 1 in of topsoil can take between 500 and 1,000 years to form naturally, making the rate of topsoil erosion a serious ecological concern. Based on 2014 trends, the world has about 60 years of topsoil left.

title: Topsoil


text:
General manager (baseball)

In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.

Roles and responsibilities
The general manager is normally the person who hires and fires the coaching staff, including the field manager who acts as the head coach. In baseball, the term manager used without qualification almost always refers to the field manager, not the general manager.

Before the 1960s, and in some rare cases since then, a person with the general manager title in sports has also borne responsibility for the non-player operations of the ballclub, such as ballpark administration and broadcasting. Ed Barrow, George Weiss and Gabe Paul were three baseball GMs noted for their administrative skills in both player and non-player duties.

History and evolution
In the first decades of baseball's post-1901 modern era, responsibilities for player acquisition fell upon the club owner and/or president and the field manager. In some cases, particularly in the early years of the American League, the owner was a former player or manager himself: Charles Comiskey of the Chicago White Sox, Connie Mack of the Philadelphia Athletics, and Clark Griffith of the Washington Senators are three prominent examples. Other owners tended to be magnates from the business world, although some, like Brooklyn Dodgers' president Charles Ebbets, worked their way from front-office jobs into ownership positions. Most deferred player personnel evaluations to their on-field managers. One notable exception, cited by Mark L. Armour and Daniel R. Leavitt in their book In Pursuit of Pennants, was German immigrant Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1900 to 1932. Dreyfuss had no playing background, but was one of the most astute judges of talent of his time; under him, Pittsburgh won six National League pennants and two World Series titles. The New York Giants' John McGraw, who also held a minority ownership stake in the team, is an example of a powerful manager who, during his three decades at the Giants' helm, exerted control over off-field aspects of the team's operation.

According to Baseball Almanac, the first man to hold the title of general manager was Billy Evans when he was appointed by the Cleveland Indians in 1927. However, the duties of the modern general manager already had been assumed by two executives — Barrow of the New York Yankees and Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals — whose formal title at the time was business manager. Both were former field managers of big-league teams, although Barrow had no professional playing background.

They assumed those positions (Barrow in 1920 and Rickey five years later) when clubs could legally control only 15 minor league players on option, and most young players were purchased or drafted from independently owned minor league teams. Rickey, creator of the modern and extensive farm system during the 1920s and 1930s, played a critical role in inventing the need for a general manager as well: with most teams coming to own or affiliate with multiple minor league teams from Class D to the top tier, and with dozens (and in some cases hundreds) of players under contract, they needed a front-office infrastructure to oversee the major league club, scouting and player procurement, minor league operations and player development, and business affairs. The general manager, in lieu of the "owner-operator", provided that oversight.

But both the owner-operator and the field-manager-as-GM models would survive into the 1980s. Owners Charlie Finley of the Oakland Athletics and Calvin Griffith of the Minnesota Twins functioned as their own chiefs of baseball operations. During the 1970s and 1980s, Alvin Dark of the Indians, Billy Martin of the Athletics (after Finley sold them in 1981), and Whitey Herzog of the Cardinals combined manager and general manager duties, while Paul Owens of the Philadelphia Phillies and Jack McKeon of the San Diego Padres were general managers who appointed themselves field managers and held both posts.

Superior executive levels

During the second decade of the 21st century, a trend began in Major League Baseball that saw the creation of a new layer of authority between ownership and the general manager, typically called the "President of Baseball Operations" (POBO). These executives may work in concert with others in the organization styled as presidents but having non-baseball-centric responsibilities, such as President/CEO or President/COO. Larry Beinfest of the Florida Marlins was the first to hold a POBO title, in 2007.

Writing for Sports Business Daily in March 2015, legal academic and sports lawyer Glenn M. Wong observed: "No longer is it always true that the GM is the final decision-maker with respect to baseball decisions." One of the reasons for the creation of this new position was the soaring costs and revenues associated with modern MLB operations: "Ownership is often heavily involved in major investments and decisions ... Installing another layer creates a sort of checks-and-balances system and a checkpoint for the decision-making process."

Three months later, another article by Wong revisited the topic and compared the evolving job descriptions and career trajectories of GMs and POBOs. In 2016, Sports Business Daily writer Eric Fisher cited the growing importance of data analytics in playing personnel evaluations and long-term planning (in addition to in game strategy), and heavier investments in player development, domestically and internationally, as contributing to the POBO movement and other structural changes in baseball front offices.

The Baseball America Annual Directory of 2019 listed 12 POBOs among the 30 MLB teams, as well as one "chief baseball officer" and four "executive vice presidents of baseball operations", operating above the GM level or also holding the GM title.

In some instances, a team may operate with a POBO or chief baseball officer and leave the GM role vacant. Two examples involve the Boston Red Sox: from 2017 through 2019, Dave Dombrowski served as POBO and the team had no GM; and in 2024, Craig Breslow serves as chief baseball officer and the team again has no GM.

title: General manager (baseball)


text:
Katsuyama, Okayama

Katsuyama (勝山町) was a town located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,027 and a density of 65.04 persons per km2. The total area was 138.79 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Katsuyama, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.

To coincide with the 2005 merger, Katsuyama residents were given a book commemorating the last 50 years of Katsuyama's existence as a town and a special purple cloth with the town logo imprinted on it.

Local to Katsuyama is the Kanba waterfall (神庭の滝), the only Okayama waterfall on the list of Japan's Top 100 Waterfalls and home to Japanese macaque monkeys.

Recently, Katsuyama has also become known for its noren adorning the shops and houses along a 1 km stretch of the Katsuyama Historical Preservation District, wherein the Edo Period landscape of the town remains. The noren are all made by one craftswoman, Yoko Kano, who has her own workshop along the street.

Traditional Products
Katsuyama is famous for its bamboo basketry, originating from the town's Tsukida district, and four types of baskets produced there are designated as "Traditional Japanese Crafts".

Also famous is Gozenshu sake made by Katsuyama's Tsuji Honten brewery which has been in the town since the early 1800s, having relocated from nearby Ochiai.

Geography
Rivers: Asahi River (The big-3 river through Okayama Prefecture).

Adjoining municipalities in Okayama Prefecture: Kuse, Ochiai, Yubara, Mikamo, Hokubō, and Ōsa.

Education

 * Katsuyama Elementary School
 * Tsukida Elementary School
 * Tomihara Elementary School
 * Katsuyama Junior High School
 * Okayama Prefectural Katsuyama High School

Railways

 * West Japan Railway Company
 * Kishin Line
 * Chūgoku-Katsuyama Station – Tsukida Station – Tomihara Station

Road

 * National highways:
 * Route 181
 * Route 313
 * Prefectural roads:
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 32 (Niimi-Katsuyama)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 84 (Katsuyama-Kurihara)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 201 (Kanba waterfall)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 311 (Akuchi-Kami)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 320 (Wakashiro-Hōkoku Station)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 321 (Kōjiro-Katsuyama)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 390 (Komi-Tsukida Station)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 459 (Wakashiro-Kōjiro)

Notable places and events

 * Katsuyama castle town
 * Katsuyama Historical Preservation District
 * Kanba waterfall
 * Katsuyama Festival (October 19–20)

title: Katsuyama, Okayama


text:
Ochiai, Okayama

Ochiai (落合町) was a town located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 15,652 and a density of 105.81 persons per km2. The total area was 147.92 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Ochiai, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.

Geography

 * Rivers: Asahi River (The big-3 river through Okayama Prefecture), Bicchū River (Tributary of the Asahi River)

Adjoining municipalities

 * Okayama Prefecture
 * Katsuyama
 * Kuse
 * Hokubō
 * Takahashi (Former Ukan town)
 * Tsuyama (Former Kume town)
 * Misaki (Former Asahi town)
 * Kibichūō (Former Kamogawa town)

Education

 * Amatsu Elementary School
 * Ueda Elementary School
 * Ueyama Branch School
 * Ochiai Elementary School
 * Kawahigashi Elementary School
 * Kiyama Elementary School
 * Hinoue Branch School
 * Kōchi Elementary School
 * Tsuda Elementary School
 * Bessho Elementary School
 * Mikawa Elementary School
 * Ochiai Junior High School
 * Okayama Prefectural Ochiai High School

Railways

 * West Japan Railway Company
 * Kishin Line
 * Mimasaka-Oiwake Station - Mimasaka-Ochiai Station - Komi Station

Road

 * Expressways:
 * Chūgoku Expressway
 * Mimasaka-Oiwake Parking Area - Ochiai Junction - Ochiai Interchange - Maniwa Parking Area
 * Yonago Expressway
 * Ochiai Junction
 * National highways:
 * Route 181
 * Route 313
 * Prefectural roads:
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 30 (Ochiai-Takebe)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 66 (Ochiai-Kamogawa)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 84 (Katsuyama-Kurihara)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 204 (Mimasaka-Ochiai Station)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 329 (Nishibara-Kuse)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 330 (Meki-Ōba)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 332 (Kurihara-Ukan)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 333 (Ueyama-Dando)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 370 (Eyomi-Kamigōchi)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 390 (Komi-Tsukida Station)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 411 (Tarumi-Oiwake)
 * Roadside Station
 * Daigo no Sato

Notable places and events

 * Daigo Cherry Tree (醍醐桜)
 * A 1000+ year old cherry tree, named after the former Emperor Daigo, who commented upon the impressiveness of the tree when passing by on his way to exile in the Oki Islands.

title: Ochiai, Okayama


text:
Yubara, Okayama

Yubara (湯原町) was a town located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,310 and a density of 23.41 persons per km2. The total area was 141.37 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Yubara, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse and Ochiai, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.

The historic town is nestled in a ravine and follows the meandering path of the Asahi River. The village is surrounded, on all sides by trees clinging to the hillsides. (There are small logging operations in the region that the bus passes on the way into town.) The town sits at the base of Yubara Dam. There are a number onsen hotels. There is also an outdoor, mixed bathing bath, or rotenburo, by the river. This facility is free. The waters are said to have healing effects on those suffering from diabetes, chronic women's diseases, chronic skin disease, cuts and burns.

Geography

 * Rivers: Asahi River (The big-3 river through Okayama Prefecture)

Adjoining municipalities

 * Okayama Prefecture
 * Katsuyama
 * Kuse
 * Mikamo
 * Kawakami
 * Yatsuka
 * Chūka
 * Shinjō
 * Kagamino (Former Tomi village)

Education

 * Yubara Elementary School
 * Futakawa Elementary School
 * Yubara Junior High School

Transportation

 * Expressways:
 * Yonago Expressway
 * Yubara Interchange
 * National highways:
 * Route 313
 * Prefectural roads:
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 55 (Yubara-Mikamo)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 56 (Yubara-Okutsu)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 322 (Nakafukuda-Yubara)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 323 (Tanemi-Akedo)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 326 (Kashinishi-Yubara)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 447 (Awadani-Mikamo)

Notable places and events

 * Yubara Onsen
 * Yubara Dam (Lake Yubara)

title: Yubara, Okayama


text:
Kuse, Okayama

Kuse (久世町) was a town located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,424 and a density of 152.08 persons per km2. The total area was 75.12 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Kuse, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.

Geography

 * Rivers: Asahi River (The big-3 river through Okayama)

Adjoining municipalities

 * Okayama Prefecture
 * Katsuyama
 * Ochiai
 * Yubara
 * Tsuyama (Former Kume town)
 * Kagamino (Former Kagamino town and Tomi village)

Education

 * Senkyō Elementary School
 * Meki Elementary School
 * Kashimura Elementary School
 * Kusakabe Elementary School
 * Yono Elementary School
 * Kuse Junior High School
 * Okayama Prefectural Kuse High School

Railways

 * West Japan Railway Company
 * Kishin Line
 * Kuse Station

Road

 * Expressways:
 * Yonago Expressway
 * Kuse Interchange - Ueno Parking Area
 * National highways:
 * Route 181
 * Route 313
 * Prefectural roads:
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 65 (Kuse-Chūka)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 82 (Kagamino-Kuse)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 326 (Kashinishi-Yubara)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 327 (Tomihigashidani-Kuse)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 329 (Nishibara-Kuse)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 330 (Meki-Ōba)

Notable places and events

 * Former Senkyō Elementary School Building (Important Cultural Properties)
 * Kuse Festival (October 25–26)

title: Kuse, Okayama


text:
Mikamo, Okayama

Mikamo (美甘村) was a town located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,668 and a density of 24.83 persons per km2. The total area was 67.19 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Mikamo, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.

Geography

 * Rivers: Shinjō River (Tributary of the Asahi River)

Adjoining municipalities

 * Okayama Prefecture
 * Katsuyama
 * Yubara
 * Shinjō
 * Ōsa

Education

 * Mikamo Elementary School
 * Mikamo Junior High School

Road

 * National highways:
 * Route 181
 * Prefectural roads:
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 55 (Yubara-Mikamo)
 * Okayama Prefectural Route 447 (Awadani-Mikamo)

title: Mikamo, Okayama