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Goodrich Corporation

The Goodrich Corporation, formerly the B.F. Goodrich Company, was an American manufacturing company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Founded in Akron, Ohio in 1870 as Goodrich, Tew & Co. by Dr. Benjamin Franklin Goodrich, the company name was changed to the "B.F. Goodrich Company" in 1880, to BFGoodrich in the 1980s, and to "Goodrich Corporation" in 2001. Originally a rubber manufacturing company known for automobile tires, the company diversified its manufacturing businesses throughout the twentieth century and sold off its tire business in 1986 to focus on its other businesses, such as aerospace and chemical manufacturing. The BFGoodrich brand name continues to be used by Michelin, who acquired the tire manufacturing business in 1988. Following the acquisition by United Technologies in 2012, Goodrich became a part of UTC Aerospace Systems.

In 1869, Dr. Benjamin Franklin Goodrich purchased the Hudson River Rubber Company, a small business in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. The following year Dr. Goodrich accepted an offer of $13,600 from the citizens of Akron, Ohio, to relocate his business there.

The company grew to be one of the largest tire and rubber manufacturers in the world, helped in part by the 1986 merger with Uniroyal (formerly the United States Rubber Company). This product line was sold to Michelin in 1988, and the company merged with Rohr (1997), Coltec Industries, and TRW Aeronautical Systems (formerly Lucas Aerospace) in 2002. The sale of the specialty chemicals division and subsequent change to the current name completed the transformation. In 2006, company sales were $5.8 billion, of which 18%, 16% and 12% of total revenues were accounted for by the U.S. government, Airbus and Boeing, respectively.

In 1988, the Goodrich Corporation sold its tire business and rights to the Goodrich name to French company Michelin. During the 1970s, Goodrich ran television and print ads to distinguish themselves from the similar-sounding Goodyear tire company. The tag line was, "We're the other guys. Remember?" The company was also sometimes confused with Mr. Goodwrench as the two last names were similar, especially since B.F. Goodrich tires were featured on many General Motors cars and trucks.

Early history
In 1869 Dr. Benjamin Franklin Goodrich purchased the Hudson River Rubber Company, a small business in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. The following year Goodrich accepted an offer of $13,600 from the citizens of Akron, Ohio, to relocate his business there.

In 1909, the company constructed a 12-story building with a facade influenced by Jacobean Revival style and Vienna Secession for its New York Headquarters, located at 1780 Broadway, New York. which is now become one of the historical landmarks.

In March 1912, the Diamond Rubber Company, founded by the owner of the Diamond Match Company, was bought out by and merged with the B.F. Goodrich Company. The Diamond brand name and product line were retained and a subsidiary Diamond Rubber Company created for the marketing and manufacturing of them.

The company helped found and start the Yokohama Rubber Company on Oct 13, 1917, in a joint venture between Yokohama Cable Manufacturing and B.F. Goodrich.

B.F. Goodrich sold radios from the 1930s to the 1950s, under the brand name "Mantola". These radios were actually made by a variety of manufacturers for B.F. Goodrich.

In 1936, the company entered the Mexican market in a joint venture, Goodrich-Euzkadi (now part of Continental AG).

Goodrich ranked 67th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.

The Troy, Ohio plant was purchased in 1946 from Waco. Since then, Goodrich has manufactured wheels and brakes for a variety of aircraft. Among these are commercial, military, regional, and business programs. This successful operation lies at the core of Goodrich's business. Competitors include the aerostructures divisions of companies such as Honeywell, Messier-Bugatti, Aircraft Braking Systems, (Howmet/Huck) and SNECMA. The Hood Rubber Company was sold before the Great Depression as a division of the B.F. Goodrich Company.

1980–1990s
By 1986, B.F. Goodrich had become an S&P 500-listed company in diverse business, including tire and rubber fabrication. B.F. Goodrich made high-performance replacement tires. In August 1986, one of its biggest competitors in the tire business, Uniroyal Inc., was taken private when it merged with the tire segment of the B.F. Goodrich Company, in a joint venture private partnership, to become the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company. B.F. Goodrich Company held a 50% stake in the new tire company.

The new Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company headquarters was established at the former B.F. Goodrich corporate headquarters, within its 27-building downtown complex in Akron, Ohio which contained Goodrich's original factory. In the autumn of 1987 B.F. Goodrich Company shut down several manufacturing operations at the site, and most of the complex remained vacant until February 1988, when B.F. Goodrich announced plans to sell the vacant part of the complex to the Covington Capital Corporation, a group of New York developers. The complex is now known as Canal Place.

In 1987, its first full year of operation, the new Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company generated almost $2 billion in sales revenue, with profits of $35 million.

The merger soon proved to be difficult. In June 1988 B.F. Goodrich sold its 50% stake for $225 million. The buyers were a group of investors led by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice a private New York investment firm. At the same time, B.F. Goodrich also received a warrant to purchase indirectly up to 7% of the equity in Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company.

As part of the June 1988 sale deal, the new privately held tire company acquired publicly held debt of $415 million.

Also in 1988, Michelin Group, a subsidiary of the French tire company Michelin et Cie proposed to acquire the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company and took actions towards acquiring a stake. By May 1990, Michelin Group had completed its buyout of Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company from Clayton & Dubilier of New York. The deal was valued at about US$1.5 billion. B.F. Goodrich surrendered its 7% warrant to Michelin Group, and received $32.5 million additional revenue from the sale.

Leaving tire business
B.F. Goodrich by then exited the tire business entirely, in line with its plan to build its chemicals and aerospace businesses through reinvestment and acquisitions. In 1997, it acquired Rohr, a maker of jet aircraft engine nacelles, expanding its presence in integrated aircraft components industry.

In 1999, it acquired Charlotte, North Carolina-based Coltec Industries for $2.2 billion in stock and assumed debt, making the former tire maker the No. 1 supplier of landing gear and other aircraft parts. Headquarters were moved to Charlotte following this merger.

In 2001, the company divested its specialty chemicals business to focus on aerospace and industrial products and, to signify the completion of its transformation, it was renamed Goodrich Corporation and adopted a new logo.

In October 2002, Goodrich acquired TRW Aeronautical Systems, this division was mainly the former Lucas Aerospace activity, mostly based in the UK and France.

In November 2010, Goodrich opened a large new manufacturing centre in Krosno Rzeszow, Poland.

Fate
In September 2011, United Technologies Corporation announced a deal to buy Goodrich for $18.4 billion, paying $127.50 per share and assuming $1.9 billion in debt.

On July 26, 2012, United Technologies Corporation purchased Goodrich. Unsold divisions of Hamilton Sundstrand and Goodrich were then merged to create UTC Aerospace Systems. Rocketdyne, Hamilton Sundstrand's industrial pumps and compressors operations, Clipper Windpower, and UTC Power (United Technologies' fuel-cell business) would be sold off to raise cash for the deal.

On October 16, 2012, United Technologies Corporation secured an agreement to sell the Power Systems division of Goodrich (Twinsburg Ohio, Pitstone Green Buckinghamshire) to Safran for $400 million. The sale of this business unit was a condition that the Chinese competition regulators set in approving UTC's purchase of Goodrich. The Power Systems division had to be divested by December 16, 2012. Ultimately, the sale was completed on 27 March 2013. In April 2020, the remaining portions of Goodrich became part of the Collins Aerospace subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies, a firm which resulted from the merger of United Technologies and the Raytheon Company.

Actuation and landing systems

 * Actuation systems
 * Aircraft wheels and brakes
 * Aviation technical services
 * Landing gear
 * Engine components

Electronic systems
and
 * Sensors and Integrated systems
 * Engine control and electrical power systems
 * ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) systems

Nacelles and interior systems

 * Aerostructures
 * Interiors
 * Customer services

Civil

 * AgustaWestland AW139 helicopter (electronic ice protection system)
 * Airbus A320 series
 * Airbus A330/A340
 * Airbus A350XWB
 * Airbus A380
 * Boeing 737
 * Boeing 747-400
 * Boeing 757-200
 * Boeing 767
 * Boeing 777
 * Boeing 787
 * Bombardier Global Express
 * Canadair Regional Jet
 * Cessna Citation
 * Bombardier Dash-8 Q400
 * Embraer 170
 * Embraer 190
 * Handley Page Jetstream
 * Lear Jet
 * Piaggio P180

Military

 * A-6 Intruder
 * Airbus A400M (Electrical power generation, flaps, transmission ice detection sensors)
 * B-52 Stratofortress
 * CH-46 Sea Knight (wheels or rotor brakes)
 * C-141 Starlifter
 * C-5 Galaxy
 * CH-47 Chinook (wheels or rotor brakes)
 * CH-53 Sea Stallion (wheels or rotor brakes)
 * Embraer KC-390
 * F-14 Tomcat
 * F-15 Eagle (radome erosion boot)
 * F-16 Fighting Falcon (nosewheel)
 * F-117 Nighthawk
 * F-111 Aardvark
 * Harrier jump jet – all versions (hydromechanical fuel systems)
 * P-3 Orion
 * Panavia Tornado – all versions (engine controls, high lift control unit, flap and slat actuation, nozzle control)
 * S-3 Viking
 * SEPECAT Jaguar – all versions (hydromechanical fuel systems)
 * Space Shuttles (wheels and brakes; tire business sold to Michelin in 1988)
 * V-22 Osprey (wheels or rotor brakes)

Restatements
On Feb 24, 2004, Goodrich restated its fourth-quarter and full-year earnings results for 2003 after Pratt & Whitney notified the company that it was drastically cutting its order for engine casing components.

Notable employees

 * Benjamin S. Garvey – worked for B.F. Goodrich and Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation. Dr. Garvey developed the "10 Gram Evaluation Process."
 * William C. Geer – pioneer in studying rubber ageing, and developer of early aircraft de-icing systems, vice-president at B. F. Goodrich
 * David Grylls, Chula Vista, California, Olympic Silver Medal Winning Cyclist
 * Frank Herzegh, inventor of the tubeless tire
 * Samuel E. Horne Jr. – Goodrich chemist who first polymerized synthetic polyisoprene using Ziegler catalyst
 * Arthur E. Juve – B. F. Goodrich Director of Technology who developed oil-resistant rubber compositions, lab tests for tire treads, and improvements in manufacture of rubber products and the processing of synthetic rubber
 * Virgil A. Martin, Los Angeles, California, City Council member (1927–31)

 * George Oenslager – chemist known for pioneering vulcanization accelerator chemistry
 * John D. Ong, CEO (1979-1996) and U.S. Ambassador to Norway (2002-2005)
 * Waldo L. Semon – early developer of synthetic rubber, in particular Ameripol for B. F. Goodrich.

title: Goodrich Corporation


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Earthquake (1974 film)

Earthquake is a 1974 American ensemble disaster drama film directed and produced by Mark Robson and starring Charlton Heston and Ava Gardner. The plot concerns the struggle for survival after a catastrophic earthquake destroys most of the city of Los Angeles, California.

Directed by Robson with a screenplay by George Fox and Mario Puzo, the film starred a large cast of well-known actors, including Heston, Gardner, George Kennedy, Lorne Greene, Geneviève Bujold, Richard Roundtree, Marjoe Gortner, Barry Sullivan, Lloyd Nolan, Victoria Principal, and (under an alias) Walter Matthau. It is notable for the use of an innovative sound effect called Sensurround, which created the sense of actually experiencing an earthquake in theaters.

Plot
Former college football star Stewart Graff argues with his wife Remy after she fakes another suicide attempt when a mild earthquake jolts Los Angeles. Furious, Graff visits Denise Marshall, a part-time actress and widow of a co-worker who he assigned to the project that accidentally killed him. Feeling obligated to help her and Corry, her ten-year-old son, Graff brings the boy an autographed football from his college days, and helps Denise rehearse her lines for an upcoming film shoot.

Officer Lew Slade chases a car thief. After crossing jurisdictional lines, he is intercepted by a rival deputy from a neighboring district. Already enemies with a history of antagonism, Slade hits the deputy, resulting in his suspension.

At the California Seismological Institute (CSI), junior seismologist Walter Russell calculates that Los Angeles will suffer a major earthquake within the next two days. Head seismologist Dr. Stockle and associate Dr. Johnson determine the hypothesis probable and contact the mayor, who, fearful of the social and political consequences, decides to tell the Governor of California to alert only the National Guard and police as a precaution.

In a vacant lot, motorcycle daredevil, Miles Quade, and his manager and mechanic, Sal Amici, have set up a dangerous stunt track, hoping to impress a Las Vegas promoter, so he will book their act at a hotel. Unconvinced that the stunt will work, Sal's sister, Rosa Amici, fears that Miles will be injured in the attempt and refuses to help promote it.

Grocery store manager, Jody Joad, who is attracted to Rosa, is a member of a National Guard unit being called up, and heads home to change into his uniform. His housemates harass him for having posters of male bodybuilders on his wall, using homosexual slurs.

Another small tremor cancels Denise's film shoot for the day, so she goes to meet her friend, Barbara, a secretary at Graff's engineering firm. Graff bumps into Denise in the building's lobby. The pair return to her house and have sex for the first time. Graff then asks Denise to come to Oregon with him, and bring Corry, while he works on a hydroelectric dam project that summer.

Graff's boss and father-in-law, Sam Royce, later offers Graff the company presidency. Graff calls Denise to say he cannot see her that evening, and she says she wants to go to Oregon with him. Conflicted between the relationship and the promotion, Graff nevertheless decides to accept Sam's offer. At Sam's office, Graff is stunned to find Remy, who convinced Sam to offer the promotion to save their marriage. Angered, Graff admits the affair with Denise, deciding to end their marriage.

An earthquake measuring 9.9 on the Richter Scale strikes then destroys much of Los Angeles. Sam and others are trapped on the upper floors of the skyscraper, which catches fire, due to the escape stairs collapsing and the elevator being destroyed by the tremor. After many fall to their deaths through the chasm, Sam rigs a firehose to a chair and lowers the rest of his staff down one at a time. Before he can descend himself, Sam suffers a heart attack, but Graff rescues him.

Corry has been catapulted from a collapsing footbridge into the Los Angeles River and become entangled with electric cables from a fallen pole. Denise finds him unconscious and climbs down to save him. Unable to climb back out, she hails a passing truck, driven by Miles and Sal. After saving them, they meet up with Slade, who knows Miles and Sal (after arresting both a year prior during a biker riot), and commandeers the truck to use as an ambulance, while Miles takes his motorcycle to search for Rosa. Slade stays in the area with additional injured, while Sal drives the rest to a makeshift field hospital being set up at the Wilson Plaza, a combination office building and underground mall and parking structure that survived the earthquake.

Rosa is mistakenly arrested for looting by a National Guard unit led by Jody. He orders her to stay inside a secluded store for what he says is her safety. More troops arrive with Jody's housemates, who are also being detained for looting. To the shock of his troops, Jody taunts then murders them for the ridicule he has endured.

Graff drives his co-workers to the Wilson Plaza, dropping off Remy, Barbara, and Sam. To Remy's protestations, Graff leaves to search for Denise and Corry. Sam is attended to by Dr. Jim Vance, but dies.

Graff's car is one of the few surviving vehicles from the quake, and is commandeered by Slade as he drives past. Unable to work the manual transmission, Slade makes Graff drive, while they take the last of the injured back to Wilson Plaza. En route, they come across Jody and his unit, who has quarantined the only passage through. As Jody threatens to shoot them, Rosa emerges from the store, screaming to Slade for help. Facing an assault rifle, Slade and Graff turn around and drive away. However, Slade returns on foot and gets the jump on Jody who is about to rape Rosa, shooting him and rescuing her.

An aftershock destroys Wilson Plaza before Graff, Slade and Rosa arrive there. After Barbara says she last saw Denise, Royce, and Remy in the 3rd level basement garage, Graff tells an Army Corps of Engineers Colonel that there may be survivors trapped in an underground garage, which would be accessible via a parallel storm drain. Against the Colonel's advice, Graff and Slade use a jackhammer to drill through to the garage and find seventy survivors, including Denise, Corry, Remy and Dr. Vance.

The damaged Mulholland Dam gives way, flooding the storm drains miles away. Denise, Corry and Dr. Vance make it up a ladder to safety. However, while climbing up some rungs, Remy is knocked off into the flooded sewer. Graff looks up at Denise waiting for him at the top of the manhole, but hearing Remy's wailing, he realizes he cannot abandon Remy. Swimming, Graff reaches her, but overcome by the rushing water, both of them, along with others, are swept away and drown. Slade, having held on to the ladder during the flood, searches in vain for Graff, but escapes up to the street.

In tears, Denise returns to Corry, who has regained consciousness. Slade and Rosa survey Los Angeles' ruins. Stunned survivors mill about the devastated landscape while the fires burn.

Cast

 * Charlton Heston as Stewart Graff
 * Ava Gardner as Remy Royce-Graff
 * George Kennedy as Lou Slade
 * Lorne Greene as Sam Royce
 * Geneviève Bujold as Denise Marshall
 * Richard Roundtree as Miles Quade
 * Marjoe Gortner as Jody Joad
 * Barry Sullivan as Dr. Willis Stockle
 * Lloyd Nolan as Dr. James Vance
 * Victoria Principal as Rosa Amici
 * Walter Matthau as Drunk
 * Monica Lewis as Barbara
 * Gabriel Dell as Sal Amici
 * Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. as Emilio Chavez
 * Lloyd Gough as Bill Cameron
 * John Randolph as Mayor Lewis
 * Kip Niven as Walter Russell
 * Scott Hylands as Max
 * Tiger Williams as Corry Marshall
 * Donald Moffat as Dr. Harvey Johnson
 * Jesse Vint as Buck
 * Alan Vint as Ralph
 * Michael Richardson as Hank
 * John Elerick as Carl Leeds
 * John S. Ragin as (Chief Inspector)
 * George Murdock as (Colonel)
 * Donald Mantooth as Sid
 * Lionel Johnston as Sandy
 * Alex A. Brown as Pool Player
 * Bob Cunningham as Dr. Frank Adams
 * John Dennis as Brawny Foreman
 * Gene Dynarski as Fred
 * Bob Gravage as Farmer Mr. Griggs
 * Hard Boiled Haggerty as Pool Player
 * Tim Herbert as Las Vegas Man
 * Dave Morick as Technician
 * Inez Pedroza as Laura
 * Josh Albee as Boy with Radio (uncredited)
 * Debralee Scott as Kathie (Television Version)
 * Sam Chew as Tony (Television Version)
 * Joan Blair as Pawnbroker's Wife (Television Version)
 * Frank Parker as Pilot (Television Version)
 * Clint Ritchie as Co-Pilot (Television Version)
 * Jack Frey as Controller (Television Version)

Crew

 * Mark Robson: director and producer
 * Bernard Donnenfeld: producer (uncredited)
 * Jennings Lang: executive producer
 * George Fox & Mario Puzo: writers
 * John Williams: music score
 * Philip Lathrop: director of photography
 * Dorothy Spencer: editor
 * Alexander Golitzen: production designer
 * E. Preston Ames: art director
 * Burton Miller: costume designer
 * Albert Whitlock: visual effects
 * Fred Tuch: Assistant Art Director

Inception
In the wake of the tremendous success of the 1970 disaster-suspense film Airport, Universal Studios began working with executive producer Bernard Donnenfeld and director John Sturges to come up with a new idea that would work within the same "disaster-suspense" genre. Inspiration came in the form of the San Fernando earthquake of February 1971. Universal was intrigued by the idea of creating a disaster on film that would not be confined to an airliner, but rather take place over a large area.

Donnenfeld and Sturges left the project early in 1972, and Universal executive producer Jennings Lang took over development, bringing Mark Robson aboard as producer and director.

Development
Lang scored a coup when he was able to sign screenwriter Mario Puzo, who was paid $125,000 to write the first draft during the summer of 1972. Puzo, fresh from the success of his novel and film, The Godfather, delivered the draft script in August. However, Puzo's detailed and expansive script would have necessitated a larger production budget, as the action and multiple story arcs were spread over a vast geographical area in Los Angeles. Universal was faced with either cutting the script or increasing the projected budget. Puzo's involvement with Earthquake was short-lived, as Paramount Pictures was anxious to begin development with the followup to The Godfather, The Godfather Part II in early 1973. Because Puzo's services contractually were obligated to the sequel, he was unable to continue any further work on Earthquake.

The Earthquake script sat at Universal Studios for a short period, but was brought back to life by the huge success of the 20th Century Fox hit The Poseidon Adventure, released in December 1972. Fueled by that film's enormous box-office receipts, Universal Studios put pre-production on Earthquake back into high gear, hiring writer George Fox to continue work with Puzo's first draft. Fox was principally a magazine writer and never had written a screenplay, so director Mark Robson worked with him to narrow the scope of the script to fit into the budgetary constraints. After 11 drafts, Earthquake went before the cameras in February 1974. Since Robson was also tasked with producing such a technically complex film, Bernard Donnenfeld was brought back to co-produce, but was uncredited.

Budgeted at US$6,675,125, Earthquake immediately found itself in a race against the clock with the bigger-budgeted disaster film, The Towering Inferno, which was being produced by Irwin Allen and financed, for the first time, by two studios (20th Century Fox and Warner Bros.).

Casting
While The Towering Inferno featured a larger "all star" cast, Universal was able to land Charlton Heston in the lead role for the sum of $600,000, plus a percentage of the profits. Rounding out the top billing were Ava Gardner (who co-starred with Heston in 1963's 55 Days at Peking), George Kennedy, Lorne Greene, and Geneviève Bujold. Richard Roundtree (riding a wave of success from the Shaft film series) was brought in after filming had already started, filling the part of an Evel Knievel-like motorcycle stuntman. Former evangelical preacher Marjoe Gortner was hired as the antagonist, Jody. Relative unknown Victoria Principal was hired to play the sister of Roundtree's business partner, Sal, played by veteran actor Gabriel Dell.

Walter Matthau was cast in a cameo role, for which he was credited as "Walter Matuschanskayasky". Executive Producer Jennings Lang, who had worked with Matthau on the previous year's Charley Varrick, was able to convince him to appear in the role (originally to be filled by veteran actor Harry Morgan). The unpaid cameo - and his credited name - were part of the deal.

Set design
Production necessitated the complete re-dressing of the entire Universal Studios "New York Street" backlot in order to simulate the catastrophic earthquake of the title. Along with a clever use of miniatures of actual buildings, matte paintings, and full-scale sets (some of which were placed on rollers for a shaking effect), Earthquake used a new technique developed especially for the film: a "shaker mount" camera system that mimicked the effects of an earthquake by moving the entire camera body several inches side to side, versus simple shaking the camera on a stationary tripod, for a more realistic motion. This camera mount was used for most exterior scenes or other instances where shooting on location.

Stunts
Extensive use of highly trained stunt artists for the most dangerous scenes involving high falls, dodging falling debris, and flood sequences, set a Hollywood record for the most stunt artists involved in any film production up until that time: 141. Major stunt sequences in the film required careful choreography between the stunt artists and behind-the-scenes stunt technicians who were responsible for triggering full-scale effects, such as falling debris. Timing was critical, since some rigged effects involved dropping six ton chunks of reinforced concrete in order to flatten cars, with stunt performers only a few feet away. In other scenarios, some stunt artists were required to fall sixty feet onto large air bags from the rafters of Universal's largest stage (Stage 12) – for which they were paid the sum of $500. While every precaution was taken to prevent injuries, several did occur during filming. One stunt person suffered a concussion during the flood sequence (the accident was used in the film), and several stunt artists were injured during the elevator crash scene, since the set was designed to collapse upon them. Multiple stunt artists were injured during a scene involving an escalator as well.

"Sensurround"
Universal Studios and Jennings Lang wanted Earthquake to be an "event film", something that would draw audiences into the theatre multiple times. After several ideas were tossed about (which included bouncing styrofoam faux "debris" over audience members' heads), Universal's sound department came up with a process called "Sensurround" – a series of large speakers made by Cerwin-Vega powered by BGW amplifiers, that would pump in sub-audible "infra bass" sound waves at 120 decibels (equivalent to a jet airplane at takeoff), giving the viewer the sensation of an earthquake. The process was tested in several theatres around the United States prior to the film's release, yielding various results. A famous example is Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, California, where the "Sensurround" cracked the plaster in the ceiling. The same theatre premiered Earthquake three months later – with a newly installed net over the audience to catch any falling debris – to tremendous success.

The "Sensurround" process proved to be a large audience draw, but not without generating a fair share of controversy. When the film premiered in Chicago, Illinois, the head of the building and safety department demanded the system be turned down, as he was afraid it would cause structural damage. In Billings, Montana, a knick-knack shop next door to a theatre using the system lost part of its inventory when items from several shelves were thrown to the floor when the system was cued during the quake scenes.

Sensurround was used again for the films Midway (1976), Rollercoaster (1977), and Battlestar Galactica (1979).

The 2006 Universal Studios Home Entertainment DVD release features the original "Sensurround" 3.1 audio track, duplicating the original theatrical "Sensurround" track (but oddly in mono directed to the front 3 speakers rather than the original stereo mix), but no actual 'rumble' generator was used, and only the two control tones that activated the generator can be heard. In addition, the film's original soundtrack was remixed in Surround Sound 5.1 which was simply a tag as once again only the control tones feature on the track.

Music
John Williams' music for Earthquake was the second of his trio of scores for large-scale disaster films, having previously scored The Poseidon Adventure and following with The Towering Inferno. Williams scored both Earthquake and The Towering Inferno in the summer of 1974, both scores showing similarities to one another (notably Earthquake's theme and The Towering Inferno's love theme sharing the same eight-note melody, albeit in different keys). The music of the song "C'est si Bon" by Henri Betti is played on the guitar in the middle of the film.

On December 10, 2019, La-La Land Records released a fully remastered and expanded version of Williams' music, as part of the Disaster Movie Soundtrack Collection, which includes the remastered expansions of Williams's music for this film, as well as The Towering Inferno and The Poseidon Adventure.

Audience preview and re-edits
After an October 2, 1974 test screening in Joplin, Missouri, Universal opted to cut 30 minutes from the film, notably from the pre-quake sequences, at the cost of some of the dramatic flow. This included a narration sequence about the San Andreas fault and an impending catastrophic earthquake that would occur in either Los Angeles or San Francisco. This scene was filmed and was set to be shown before the opening title credits (although it was removed at the last minute, it was eventually included as the opening sequence of the NBC television edit for the September, 1976 broadcast premiere). Also excised were lengthy scenes of Remy and Graff arguing at the beginning of the film. After Remy's faked suicide attempt, Dr. Vance (Lloyd Nolan) inadvertently informs his old friend Graff that Remy had an abortion two years prior (he was told it was a miscarriage). Angered because he wanted children, Graff storms off. There was more of Slade's leaving the police station, and footage of Rosa's leaving the market was shot as well. She was filmed waiting for a bus and being offered a lift from a man on a motorcycle (this footage eventually was used in the film's television cut). Just before the earthquake, Stewart and Remy had a final fight (in front of Stewart's car) that was deleted as well. During the earthquake, there was a scene of a nearby lumberyard falling apart, and this was removed from the final cut.

Other scenes were shot to wrap up many characters' stories after the earthquake, but were deleted from the final print: Walt Russell and Dr. Stockle – whose fates are undetermined after the quake in the theatrical release – were shown alive in the seismology laboratory post-quake. They were shown finding the earthquake's magnitude to be 9.9 on the Richter scale. The film's final scene was significantly re-edited, and originally showed Denise walking up to Lew Slade as he emerges from the manhole, and asks if Stewart had survived; upon hearing of his death, she walks over to Corry who has regained consciousness.

The elevator scene
A scene involving an elevator loaded with passengers plummeting 25 floors to the ground during the earthquake is one of the film's more notorious sequences, mainly for how its conclusion was depicted. As originally scripted, the occupants were pressed to the ceiling of the elevator as it fell down the shaft, and then dropped to the floor when the elevator crashes to the bottom. To film this, an elevator set was built suspended several feet over the stage floor, allowing for the dropping of the set (with the stunt people inside). The scene was filmed several times, with several stunt people involved. Copious amounts of stage blood were rigged to spray the stunt people inside the elevator set with blood when the set came crashing to the ground. After several tries over two separate filming days weeks apart (the break in filming was an attempt to perfect the mechanical effects involved), and with unsatisfactory results, the decision was made to edit the scene with an "animated blood" effect to be added in post production. The optical effect was superimposed over a still frame of part of the unusable footage, resulting in the "cartoonish" nature of the shot. The television version removed the animated blood sequence.

Reception
Released in the United States on November 15, 1974, Earthquake ranked third among the high-grossing film of the year; The Towering Inferno was the highest.

Box office
Earthquake grossed $1,306,271 in its opening weekend from 62 theatres in 51 cities in the United States and Canada. It eventually grossed $79.7 million in the United States and Canada ($450.5 million, adjusted for inflation in 2023 dollars) being one of the highest-grossing films of the time. Internationally, it grossed $87.7 million, including ¥3 billion (US$10 million) in Japan, bringing its worldwide gross to US$million.

Critical response
At its release, critics generally acknowledged the special effects in Earthquake while discounting other aspects. Without either panning or praising the film, Nora Sayre of the New York Times wrote that it was an improvement on Airport 1975 and observed, "The impulse to shout advice to the screen—get out! go away! don't enter that building—is quite powerful, so this does rank as a participatory movie." Judith Crist wrote in New York Magazine that "the nonsense is bearable for the spectacle. And ... here we have a feast of feats of destruction." Pauline Kael wrote "The picture is swill, but it isn't a cheat; it's an entertaining marathon of Grade-A destruction effects". Roger Ebert criticized the "witless Earthquake" for "regarding [the effects] with awe". Gene Siskel gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote the special effects were "terrific" but identified a basic problem with the story: "With a Poseidon Adventure or an Airport the ending is clear – people are saved ultimately thru their own or somebody else's enterprise. But with an earthquake, the final solution is out of one's hands, anyone's hands –  even Allstate's. If the tremors don't stop, then everybody'll die; if they do, then only a few people will die. End of story." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the Sensurround vibrations "succeed very nicely in making themselves felt as well as heard and they set up an anxiety which makes watching 'Earthquake' a very ambivalent experience for anyone who, so to speak, has been there before." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote "Thanks to Sensurround, 'Earthquake' figures to be the gimmick hit of 1974. Without the gimmick, it would be difficult to distinguish this perfunctory, mediocre piece of storytelling from Universal's other disaster vehicle, Airport 1975."

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 44% from 32 reviews with an average score of 4.90 out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads: "The destruction of Los Angeles is always a welcome sight, but Earthquake offers little besides big actors slumming through crumbling sets." Metacritic, who uses a weighted average, has assigned the film a score of 56/100 based on 6 critic reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Leonard Maltin gave the film a "BOMB" rating, stating "[the] title tells the story in hackneyed disaster epic ... Marjoe as a sex deviate and Gardner as Lorne Greene's daughter tie for film's top casting honors." Gardner was only 8 years younger than Lorne Greene.

Accolades
Earthquake became a blockbuster success, and was nominated for four Academy Awards. including Best Film Editing, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction (Art Direction: Alexander Golitzen and E. Preston Ames; Set Decoration: Frank R. McKelvy) and Best Sound (Ronald Pierce and Melvin Metcalfe Sr.). It won for Best Sound (Ronald Pierce and Melvin Metcalfe Sr.) and a Special Achievement Academy Award for Visual Effects (Frank Brendel, Glen Robinson and Albert Whitlock).

The film was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Original Score (John Williams).

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2001: AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – Nominated

Television version
For the film's television premiere on Sunday, September 26, 1976 on NBC, additional footage was added to expand the film's running time so it could be aired over two nights, as part of NBC's promotion of "The Big Event" fall premiere series (the second night aired on Sunday, October 3, 1976).

According to internal memos from Universal Studios, both Jennings Lang and Mark Robson were upset that Universal and NBC had agreed to alter the original film for its premiere broadcast, with Robson initially refusing to participate (but eventually relenting to be a "consultant" to the editing process). Editor Gene Palmer was hired to direct the additional footage, with a script provided by an uncredited Francesca Turner. Robson petitioned the Directors Guild of America that it was specified he was the director of the "theatrical version only" (which was granted).

While inserting approximately 30 minutes of unused footage shot for the theatrical version was considered, this "television version" made virtually no use of material edited out of the theatrical release (save the introductory sequence describing earthquakes in California on the San Andreas fault, and one brief scene featuring Victoria Principal and Reb Brown), but rather incorporated new footage filmed nearly two years after the original using two of the original film's stars, Marjoe Gortner and Victoria Principal, as well as Jesse Vint and Michael Richardson (reprising their film roles of Marjoe Gortner's taunting roommates), expanding on the original storyline from the theatrical film. Editing and re-recorded dialogue helped integrate this expansion into the original film. A short scene involving Richard Roundtree's character, Miles Quade, was scripted, but never filmed. An entirely new storyline shot specifically for the television version was that of a young married couple (Debralee Scott and Sam Chew) flying to Los Angeles on an airplane. The husband seeks a job with the Royce Construction company of the film (in fact, hoping to work with Charlton Heston's character, Stewart Graff), while his wife has the eerily accurate ability to see the future with tarot cards. Their airliner attempts to land at Los Angeles International Airport as the titular earthquake hits, and the airliner makes a touch-and-go landing on a runway that is breaking up, diverting to San Francisco. Throughout the remainder of the television version, the film cuts back to the couple as they discuss their future together, and the husband's wish to return to Los Angeles and help rebuild the city.

The "Sensurround" audio of the original film was simulcast in FM stereo in the Los Angeles and New York markets. This theoretically allowed the home viewer (with the properly equipped sound system) to experience a similar effect as in the theater.

Theme park attractions
Earthquake inspired the attractions Earthquake: The Big One at Universal Studios Florida and Hollywood.

The Hollywood attraction opened in March 1989 as part of the Studio Tour tram ride. The tram enters a sound stage, the interior designed to look like a San Francisco underground BART station, whereupon a two-and-a-half-minute simulation of an 8.3 earthquake takes place, featuring a gas truck falling into the station, a runaway train and a flood.

The Florida attraction opened in June 1990. It began with an introductory film on the making of Earthquake with Charlton Heston appearing to explain the special effects, followed by a live demonstration based on the film with audience participation. The attraction culminated in a simulated 8.3 earthquake aboard an underground train at Embarcadero Station in San Francisco. In the fall of 2002, the pre-show was changed to a more generic "magic of making movies" theme, with slight modifications which included mentioning special effects used in other films besides Earthquake. The Florida attraction officially closed on November 5, 2007, and reopened several months later as "Disaster!: A Major Motion Picture Ride...Starring You!."

Stock footage
Many scenes from the film, especially those featuring the destruction of Los Angeles, have appeared in other productions, often those of Universal Studios itself (effectively allowing Universal to recoup some of the expenses associated with filming the costly special effects). Some examples include:

 * Damnation Alley: In this 1977 film, the earth shifts from its axis after a full-scale nuclear war. Flood scenes from the dam burst in Earthquake are used to help depict the earth returning to its correct axis.
 * Quantum Leap: The episode "Disco Inferno" has Sam Beckett leaped in as a film stuntman. One of his jobs is on the set of Earthquake, where he is the character seen hanging from a piece of debris whom Sam Royce (Lorne Greene's character) attempts to save, but Beckett loses his grip and falls.
 * Galactica 1980: In the episode "Galactica Discovers Earth", in a "computer simulation" of a devastating Cylon attack on Los Angeles, which used different extended takes of what was shown in the original film, composited with newly-filmed elements for the series. This footage was in turn shown in the Tom Petty music video for the song "You Got Lucky".
 * V: The Final Battle: Footage from the sequence featuring the collapse of the Hollywood dam was reused during the destruction of the Visitors water pumping station.
 * Barenaked Ladies music video for "Another Postcard": Parts of the film, namely when the big earthquake struck, were used.
 * The Incredible Hulk: In the first-season episode "Earthquakes Happen", several building collapse scenes, the collapsing freeway overpass scene, the collapsing Spanish bells, the sliding and falling stilt houses, and the collapsing high tension wires and parts of the wooden foot bridge scenes were reused with slightly zoomed or slightly reoriented focus to minimize association with Earthquake.
 * Scarface (1983) has a scene where Tony Montana is going to buy cocaine from some drug dealers, and the TV set in the motel room shows the scene in this film where the graduate assistant is explaining his earthquake theory to the director of the Seismology Institute.

Scientific accuracy
The purported magnitude of the earthquake in the film (9.9 on the Richter Scale) would make it the largest ever recorded, eclipsing the record set by the actual Chilean Earthquake of 1960 (9.5 on the Richter Scale). However, such huge earthquakes can only be generated by "megathrust" faults or asteroid strikes. The numerous faults in California, particularly the San Andreas (the fault implied to have generated the titular earthquake in the film), are the "strike-slip" type, which historically have rarely produced tremors higher than 8.3 on the Richter Scale in recorded history.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Earthquake (1974 film)


text:
Talk:Seven Network

Affiliate
I noticed a change made to this page, which moved the 7 Darwin affiliate to the "Seven network owned" section, with a note saying it was Southern Cross owned. I reverted it back as that is the point of different sections of the list. 7 Darwin is just that, 7 Darwin, an affilate, and not part of the Seven Network anymore than Southern Cross Ten Victoria (to choose an example) is part of Network Ten. 7 Central is also an affilate, owned by Southern Cross, and also badged as 7, so why wouldn't that be moved as well? Because it isn't in a capital city? Then how about moving Southern Cross Tasmania and SC Ten Capital to the first list as well? You see what I mean... the lists (this list and also the Nine Network and Network Ten affilate lists) need to be consistent, otherwise there's no point.

Maybe sorting by station ownership isn't the best way to go, in which case feel free to re-arrange the list - but not just one item in the list at random.

I plan to do a more detailed table on the List of Australian television channels page detailing affiliates and stations in Australia. --Chuq 12:58, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)~

Current Lawsuit
Should comment be made (possibly in the Sport's section) about the lawsuit on Seven that was started today Lochok 09:06, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Not sure. It's already mentioned on C7. DynaBlast 05:32, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Biggest network?
i noticed that at the top of the page it states that 7 is the biggest television network when further down the page it states it is #2. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.217.30.26 (talk) 02:19, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I assume the first means largest as in highest potential viewing population, while the #2 is related to television ratings. DynaBlast 04:45, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Seven owns metro stations in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth, as well as Seven Queensland (based in Maroochydore) and possibly some other regional stations in Western Australia. The Nine Network, on the other hand, owns Stations in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane, as well as the Darwin station while Nine Adelaide and Perth are owned by separate companies and are effectively affiliates. Seven is the largest commercial network, while Nine has had better ratings figures (although recently Seven appears to be challenging Nine in this area). JB — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.4.236.77 (talk) 04:25, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

But what is Channel Seven?
Please don't laugh. I followed a link to "Channel Seven", which redirected me here. Perhaps I am not a careful reader, but I couldn't actually find a mention of this anywhere in the article. I gather on IRC that "Channel Seven" is generally used to mean "Seven Network"? Was Channel Seven an early name which is now not used? Would it be worth altering the lead paragraph to something along the lines of "Seven Network, known popularly as Channel Seven,..." or similar?

--Telsa 12:13, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Generally the terms "Seven" and "Channel 7" are used interchangebly. ie, "What's on (Channel) Seven?" Part of this is because Seven broadcasts on channel 7 (frequency), as well as the obvious on-air branding (the 7 logo). Seven refer to themselves the Seven Network. ie, "The following program is rated PG. The Seven Network recommends viewing by..." In terms of Wikipedia, "Seven Network" is more formal and appropriate. This is also the logic behind the naming of the Nine Network and Network Ten. DynaBlast 11:14, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Seven Network (Operations) Limited (ACN 052 845 262) of Level 2, 38-42 Pirrama Road, Pyrmont, NSW 2009.
 * Seven Network Limited (ACN 052 816 789) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.245.178.133 (talk) 05:50, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Links??

 * Do we need a external link to Seven Perth, we dont have them for all state stations or is Seven Perth seperate in some way? Mike 05:01, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Seven Perth is the only state station website. DynaBlast 07:52, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

The most free to air channel?
The Seven Network is Australia's largest television network, owning the most free to air channel in Australia.

Perhaps this should be:

 * the most watched free to air channel
 * the most number of free to air channels

In either case, is there a link to attach to this claim? — Preceding unsigned comment added by AtNak (talk • contribs) 15:55, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * This sentence is referring to the stations that are owned by the Seven Network, which are:
 * ATN-7 (Sydney)
 * HSV-7 (Melbourne)
 * BTQ-7 (Brisbane)
 * SAS-7 (Adelaide)
 * TVW-7 (Perth)
 * Seven Queensland stations (regional Queensland)
 * (Seven Network programming is aired throughout the rest of the countries on stations owned by its affiliates, not the Seven Network.)

 * Considering the population reached by these owned stations, the Seven Network is the largest television network in Australia. Network Ten is the second largest, owning stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. The Nine Network is the third largest, with only stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Darwin.

 * I'm not sure how to articulate that idea in a concise statement. Hopefully someone can find a way to fix it up though, because the sentence does not read correctly to people without prior knowledge of the station ownerships in Australia. Tntnnbltn 16:33, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I have reworded the sentence. It is the largest by population coverage.  By area, it would be Imparja, WIN, Southern Cross or Prime.  By number of stations, it would probably be SC or WIN.  Also, we are talking about stations owned by the network, not affiliates.  This brings me to the question.. although Nine Adelaide and Nine Perth are not owned by PBL, are they part of the Nine Network, or affiliates?
 * Also - I have made some maps on Talk:List of Australian television channels which may be of interest. -- Chuq 09:13, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
Can you people just choose a spelling and stop acting so childish about it. Also, in respect to the last person who edited the article, if you are going to go around changing the spelling just to prove a point you might want to actually look at what you're changing, as now all the broken wikilinks you created have to be edited. Slj 15:23, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * As this article is about an Australian television network, Australian English should be used (it's in the MOS somewhere). "Program" is by far the most accepted spelling in Australian English. That's why articles such as Sunrise (TV program) and List of programs broadcast by Seven Network are located where they are. The spelling should be kept at "Program". Tntnnbltn 15:34, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Seven Network-NBC Link
It seems that whenever NBC was using a new slogan during the 80's, Seven got the slogan as well. The 1989 movie opener was borrowed from NBC's. Should this go into great detail or should it be merely included as a side note? 71.111.232.40 18:16, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Seven Network tag
Template:Seven Network tag has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. J Ditalk 20:26, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Idiot cameramen
Anyone else had the experience of moving past a camera, having the moron walk into your path then having the idiot standing next to the cameraman abusing you and saying 'don't touch the camera' when he walked into you? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.169.194.37 (talk) 05:37, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Programming > Entertainment
I just changed a bit of wording regarding Seven's running of Australian content: I wouldn't exactly call Good as Gold and Celebrity Survivor "popular", given their ratings and subjective viewer response. Cyril Washbrook 11:44, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Lack of High Definition Programming
Rather than jump in and be accused of vandalising the page, I would like to see a section on 7's lack of high definition programming on its digital services. Currently High Definition is digital television broadcast at the resolution of either 720p (720 'lines' progressively scanned), or 1080i (1080 lines interlaced), with 1080p as a future broadcasting standard but currently available via the new high definition players such as HD-DVD.

Whilst 9 and 10 use 1080i and ABC occasionally use 720p, Channel 7 currently broadcasts a 576p signal on channel 70, and claims this to be high definition, which it is not. In fact when broadcasting material such as film, it is no improvement on standard definition (576i).

There are numerous Wiki and other links to verify this, but thought I'd get comments before I go ahead. User: MichaelGG — Preceding undated comment added 00:39, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 * In Australia, 576p is considered High Definition. (I'm not saying anything about the quality of Seven's digital services, it's just that Seven is broadcasting in 'high definition'.) Tntnnbltn 06:38, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

NOW it's broadcasting in High Definition! --MichaelGG 20:02, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Logo plagiarism?
As you can see at this Colombian blog post, which includes a 1991 recording of the defunct newscast Noticiero de las Siete (it ceased at late 1990s or early 2000s), its logo is the same than the Seven Network's logo since 2003... I don't know it it's plagiarism or not, but I leave this comment to let you know. --Julián Ortega - drop me a message 16:34, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Seven Network schedule
Template:Seven Network schedule has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. --Tntnnbltn 15:37, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Splitting Channel Seven / Seven Network
Why have these articles been split? What is the difference between the two? Is the new Seven Network article going to replace Seven Network Limited? Tntnnbltn 15:12, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Do we really need all of: I think they are all technically distinct things, but I'm not sure if it's useful to have four separate articles (plus each station as listed somewhere above). Which one is the ASX-listed entity SEV? Three of them appear in Category:Companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange at the moment.--Scott Davis Talk 15:08, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Channel Seven
 * Seven Network
 * Seven Network Limited
 * Seven Media Group
 * (Seven Network Limited is the ASX listed company.) --Tntnnbltn 16:09, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Video Program Guide
The VPG is basically a stop-gap measure in place of full 7-day program guide information; I think the assertion that it is a seperate channel is misleading. Seeing as it is effectively a datacast (akin to Digital 44) I suggest that the 'free to air channels ' section be removed/altered seeing as the Seven Guide is outside of most viewer's uses. timgraham 07:08, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

History section
I replaced the tag because - to me at least - it seems to be written from a very subjective angle full of statements like 'when TV finally came to Australia' etc. timgraham 11:20, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * After re-analysing the section, I have to agree with you that certain phrases should be modified to portray a more encyclopic tone. Stickeylabel 13:36, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

this article
I'm tempted to put a fansite or POV tag as it comes across at times as advertising or a glowing fan site about how good Channel 7 is to Nine. Michellecrisp 07:44, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * If there are any sentences that are advertising, can you please bring them to attention? As I have not been able to find anything on the article that defames the Nine Network, or boasts the Seven Network. Alot of work has been contributed to the article, of which has a neutral point of view, and alot of work has been contributed to the history seciton to ensure it complies with Wiki Ettiquete, and that it is not biased. Again, can you please give us an example of any sentences that you believe are violations. Thanks in advance. Stickeylabel 21:44, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

First live telecast?
Although I have no hard evidence to back up my concerns, I have worries about the statement:

"In 1977, the Seven Network produced its first live telecast, of which was the VFL Grand Final. This was the first of several live telecasts in the decades to follow."

As someone who was well and truly around in 1977, I can't imagine that this was the first 'live' telecast by ATN 7 and HSV 7 either as independent broadcasters, or as a network, especially as the coaxial cable connection between Sydney and Melbourne had been well and truly established in the 1960s and to other places before 1977.

Markswan 10:40, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I presume it was originally intended to be: "In 1977, the Seven Network produced its first live sports telecast, of which was the VFL Grand Final. This was the first of several live sporting telecasts in the decades to follow." Hopefully someone can confirm this. Stickeylabel 11:06, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Schedule
how upto date should the schedule be? because seven is showing criminal minds for 2 hours from 8:30pm for the next 2 weeks so thats why i changed it, only after that will Shark be airing — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jey16 (talk • contribs) 01:03, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The schedule is for encyclopedic purposes only, and should not contain region or event specific programming. Stickeylabel 01:11, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Can I ask why we even have a schedule? Isn't that what a tv guide is for? I dont think its particularly encyclopedic Muzzamo (talk) 06:21, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed, Muzzamo.--AtD (talk) 07:14, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * So, are we to remove it? --AtD (talk) 09:46, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yep i support it being left off Muzzamo (talk) 11:35, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I've started a discussion about this at Village pump (policy), because it seems that it's quite a widespread thing, and I don't want to misunderstand prevailing views about the acceptability of these schedule things. - Mark 11:38, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

FastTrack
Seven said something after the Heroes finale about 'Fast tracking' it on a live schedule from the US later this year. Does anyone have any more info and could you add it to the page, please? — mattrobs 11:25, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I did not see the broadcast in question, but I am guessing that they will try to use satellite to show new episodes as close as possible after their original broadcast in the US. I guess this is to counter lost viewership through internet downloads: if waiting time goes down from months to days for Seven to rebroadcast episodes, Aussie netizens may flock to Seven's broadcast, raising ratings. ZanderSchubert 07:07, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Which is a very smart plan. Has anyone found any press releases on this, so we can add this to the Seven Network article? — mattrobs 02:17, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * No press release yet, but prominently placed on Heroes info pages at Yahoo7 say that it will be returning "later this year". Still in the "original research" realm here, I'm afraid... ZanderSchubert 05:53, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
 * A month later, however, Ten has advertised their 'FastTracking' with House, and, re-enthused, I found this press release with the line "... in a bold programming move, Seven will screen the next series of Prison Break and Heroes later this year - directly after their US screenings." The question is, (how) should we incorporate this into the article? ZanderSchubert 08:53, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Seven Digital Queensland
This may seem like an odd question, but considering that the Sunshine Coast has both Seven Brisbane and Seven Queensland transmitted digitally, which one is Digital Channel 7 (or 70) and what is the other? ZanderSchubert 07:07, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

To-Do List
I have added a To-Do template at the top of this page, and I have also added in a few tasks that need to be completed. Please add, modify or complete any of the tasks on the list, in order to raise the quality of this article. Stickeylabel 07:24, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll have a look later tonight, and fix/work on what I see as problems - there's some particularly awkward phrasing in the article (the 'broadcast signal' for the network 'arising' from the Melbourne Docklands would be on highlight, as well as the fact that a lot of paragraphs begin with 'On ... such-and-such happened). It would also be good to try and either trim down, categorise more strictly, or turn into lists, some of the stuff in the programming section - I see there's a main article for it already. It would be good to come up with something of a 'formula' for the Availability sections as well because, the way I see it, they're a bit awkward in terms of phrasing. timgraham 07:52, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Good work with the Lead section Tim :). Do you think the history section needs to be expanded? In my opinion, the 2000s section should be updated and cleaned up, as at current there is no flow with the paragraphs. Also, I have attempted to clean up the introduction to the programming section. In my opinion, the programming section would be best served with distinct paragraphs relating to differing program genres, ie. Drama, Children etc. Because at current it is a bit of a mess. Stickeylabel 12:09, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've done more history, I just need to hunt down some sources for it all..I'll take care of the 2000s later on. timgraham 13:20, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * We need references for the history section - the entire first bit is almost entirely uncited. I don't have huge amounts of time to do it now but I'll have a look later on. timgraham 07:37, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Good article nomination
This article reads well and is close to meeting the GA criteria. My only suggestion is that references should be provided for the following paragraphs please:

 * The Seven Network began as a group of independent stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. HSV-7 Melbourne, licensed to The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd (owners of two local papers at the time, The Herald and The Sun), was the first station in the country to use the VHF7 frequency. It launched on November 4, 1956, soon joined on December 2 by Amalgamated Television Services' ATN-7 in Sydney. By 1957 the two stations had begun to form content-sharing partnerships with their VHF9 counterparts - in ATN's case GTV-9, for HSV, TCN-9. HSV's relationship with the Victorian Football League, forerunner to the Australian Football League, began in April, 1957 when the station broadcast the first ever live Australian Rules football match. TVW-7 Perth began broadcasting almost two years later, on October 16, 1959. The city's first commercial station was licensed to TVW Limited, owned by West Australian Newspapers, publisher of The West Australian. BTQ-7 Brisbane, the city's second commercial television licensee, followed on November 1.

 * Throughout this time, the stations operated independently of each other, with schedules comprised of various simple, and relatively inexpensive, programmes - shows such as Pick a Box and spinoffs of popular radio shows. In the early 1960s, coaxial cable links, formed initially between Sydney and Melbourne, allowed the sharing of programs and simultaneous broadcasts of live shows. Frank Packer, owner of HSV's Sydney partner TCN-9 bought a controlling share of the station's Melbourne counterpart, GTV-9, in 1960, in the process creating the country's first television network. HSV and ATN joined together to form the Australian Television Network in 1963. ADS-7 in Adelaide was the final capital city station to launch, on July 26, 1965. The station later swapped frequencies with SAS-10, however, in order to become SAS-7.

I'm putting this article on hold as the article is close to GA status, however the issue noted above must be dealt with before GA status can be awarded. I hope that this can be addressed within the seven days allowed by on hold, and wish you all the best with your editing... Johnfos 01:50, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I've just shifted/added the references so the two paragraphs you'be mentioned - hopefully it's all good. timgraham 06:26, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

GA awarded... well done! Johnfos 07:39, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Network 7 (TV series)
Network 7 redirects to Seven Network; can we add a link as such

 * ''Network 7 redirects here. For the UK television series, see Network 7 (TV series)

Walt111 (talk) 12:41, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Slogan
I was watching our local Seven affiliate, who sometimes don't bother to remove the 7 Branding, and they were advertising either Heroes or Gladiators in the credits of a show, and they said "Fast Track to Seven". Is this a one-off thing, or a new motto? And if the latter, would it need intergration into the article? Douglas C (talk) 05:09, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * That's the tagline they use when they're trying to say that the show in question is being shown on Seven very quickly after being shown in America (usually within a few days or a couple weeks, as opposed to the more usual months). It's not really a slogan for the entire station, though. - Mark 05:23, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah! Okay, thanks for that. Douglas C (talk) 04:27, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Logo Changes
Citations for the dates of the logo changes?? For instance, the logo change of 1989 actually happened late on January, not on January 1 as someone has deemed here. This seems to be a common theme amongst these TV pages that dates are just wildly guessed with nothing to back them up Andjb (talk) 13:33, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

 * See my comment at Talk:Nine Network. Bidgee (talk) 14:07, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

I have removed the specific dates from both this article and the Nine Network one. If they get added back without citations to reliable sources I will remove them once again. - Mark 08:06, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

What defines LCN 7 as the main channel over LCN's 71 / 72 / 73
Please explain. 203.59.182.43 (talk) 14:50, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

(programming) New shows for '09
well this looks like a well made page so i won't muck with it myself. but is it time to add new shows for '09 like australian shows: Thank god you're here, 10 years younger in 10 days, triple zero heroes, beyond the darklands, gangs of oz, worlds strictest parents, the pacific - not sure if that counts as aussie or american and international shows cupid, gary unmarried, castle, the philanthropist, kings, mommas boys and in the motherhood

some aren't on the "List of programs broadcast by Seven Network" either

also i think australia's best backyards is a thing of the past and the outdoor room was not renued. Jerome w2 (talk) 05:21, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Programming Schedule
Why doesn't this page be able to have a programming schedule, but channels such as ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC are able to have one? It doesn't make sense. Maybe we should remove the ones on THOSE articles because WIKIPEDIA IS NOT AN EPG. ---XJ--- (talk) 11:36, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Indeed. Go ahead and remove it from those articles. - Mark 13:44, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

 * And then get in trouble for it? No thanks. ALl I want is a straightforward answer, not some stupid answer skipping around the issue. XavierJ (talk) 06:34, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You have your answer. The only reason people haven't already gone ahead and removed the schedules from those articles is that they/we don't want to cause a shitstorm, same as you. This article has less network fanboys to cause dramas, so it is easier to keep within policy. Your argument runs along the same lines as WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS. I sympathise. - Mark 08:49, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Regardless, wikipedia often strives for linearity so it's only fair.IAmTheCoinMan (talk) 02:41, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * You can't go against policy! WP:NOTDIRECTORY: Wikipedia is not an electronic program guide. Bidgee (talk) 02:45, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * "storically significant programme lists and schedules (such as the annual United States network television schedules) may be acceptable" doesnt seem like its going against policy at all. IAmTheCoinMan (talk) 11:14, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * The Schedule being added isn't historic nor is it significant. Bidgee (talk) 14:01, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Yet us schedule is? says right in the policy that it is.IAmTheCoinMan (talk) 12:28, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Leckie timing
The dates for David Leckie are quite wrong.

Leckie was not at Seven for the Olympics. He was sacked from Nine by Kerry Packer in 2002 & was picked up by Seven in 2003 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.8.18.55 (talk) 17:33, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

Logo removal
My memory tells me there used to be many older 7 Network logos, in the logo section of this page. Logos from the Fairfax era. The Skase era. Did someone remove the old logos? Where have they gone?Pigmypossum (talk) 01:00, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

Seven Two
Someone might want to add the details about the launch of Seven Two on Sunday. I would, but I don't understand how. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.233.41.254 (talk) 13:37, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

list page
list of shows should be somewhere else

yeah it's a TV network they have lots of show

we get it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.170.59.138 (talk) 21:26, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Proposal to split channel into separate article
With the addition of 7Two and now 7mate, is there a need to divide the current article into seperate articles, such as:
 * Seven Network (or perhaps Seven Network Operations or similar)
 * Channel Seven (or perhaps 7 (Australian television channel) or Seven Network or another distinct name)
 * 7Two
 * 7mate

The main article could have a general overview of the operations of all three networks followed by separate sections for each channel with a Template:Main hatnote in each to the full article.

The same should go for Nine Network/Go!/GEM and Network Ten/One/Eleven. —sroc (talk) 09:35, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Neutrality on the Programming section.
I've noticed the new edit on the Programming section is critical of the Seven Network, this is directly against Wikipedia:Point of view.

I've placed a template on the section. I'm open to debate and comments on the issue. Sincerly, camerontregantalk 10:26, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I am disappointed at your decision to merely place a template. Content like this, which I have quoted below, should not be allowed to stay for even a second once it is discovered. I am deleting it--Jamesneilanderson (talk) 14:39, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * "Over the last couple of years the Seven Network has shown contempt for its viewing audience. Constant and unadvertised last minute changes to the schedule has seen an decrease in viewers and has contributed to the increase in the Australian public illegally downloading programs rather than watching on the Seven Network. Program start time delays are another sour point for audiences, on average programs run 10 to 15 minutes overtime, the programs responisbile for this are all the pre-recorded "reality" shows for which there is no excuse as these shows are edited and the running time is available to the station and therefore they are more than able to correctly collate a viewing timetable and are more that capable of advertising correct starting times for their audience. The only possible reasoning for the this is to try and entrap viewers and there have them aviod switching channels, this in itself is no a new tactic but the Seven Network does it with extreme contempt for their audience and then cries poor when the audience numbers and advertising dollars are not there. They are also extremely lazy and promotional advertising for uncoming shows, often flogging the same 10 second clip of a show week in week out for months and it is never relavent to the upcoming episode of the show in question".--Jamesneilanderson (talk) 14:39, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry I didn't take further action, I didn't realise I was allowed to delete it. Cheers, camerontregantalk 11:28, 8 September 2013 (UTC)

Who are the major players in the seven network?
h — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.149.81.13 (talk) 09:29, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

Historic network logo images
I have noticed that there are no images of historic logos of the Seven Network. According to this post the page did use to have these images, but they were apparently removed a number of years ago. I do not know the reason why the images were removed, but I am of the opinion that some form of imagery depicting the historical logos should exist on the page for the benefit of users who wish to know the historic appearance of the network logo. Please note that I have also added the "Logo requested" template.

114.75.116.141 (talk) 14:05, 22 February 2017 (UTC)

The requested images have now been added, so I have removed the aforementioned template, which was changed to the "Photo requested" template since the previous message was written. Thank you.

P.S.: I am the same user who posted the previous message.

114.75.72.80 (talk) 15:34, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

"Australian Television Network" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Australian Television Network. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 May 8 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 10:36, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

Grammatical Issue
(Someone please fix the Grammar of this section- I barely understand what the editor is attempting to say and don't know enough about the topic.)

"Seven is now share the Disney films and televisions with the streaming online of Disney+ because the studio needs to leave room for other Warner Bros. films, Sony, Fox, and new Disney films while they moved Paramount films to Nine and also return couple Warner Bros. films to Nine Network, but Seven and Nine are also share with Disney, Sony, and Warner Bros." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.216.90.28 (talk) 01:07, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

The chace Australia
You said that the chase Australia was going to be new episodes but the ones that are on now are repeats. How do I know this is that I remember this episode which is currently being viewed 120.22.173.36 (talk) 07:58, 4 February 2022 (UTC)

Betting adds
As a country that has one of the largest amount of gamblers in the world, I find it irresponsible for tv stations to constantly bombard us with gambling adds. I have never complained before about adds but enough is enough. Not only are we having to watch this garbage, but what an insult to our intelligence. Come on at least restrict the time of day we have to endure them. At least after 8.30 so children aren’t exposed to the brainwashing which is in their content. Surely you must feel some responsibility for showing these in prime time and when the most vulnerable people are watching. Gamblers will still be watching later into the night so you will still reach your target audience. Regards Sharon Fleming. 120.22.35.219 (talk) 09:05, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

7kids is real?
Hello im just wondering for the sisters channel that 7kids is real? Is there any source that it will launch next year? Please and Thank You. HaloEE11 (talk) 01:02, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussions at the nomination pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:22, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Seven Network 2000 logo.svg (discussion)
 * Seven red 1989.svg (discussion)

title: Talk:Seven Network


text:
Tackhead

Tackhead (styled TACK>>HEAD, sometimes known as Fats Comet) is an industrial hip-hop group that was most active during the 1980s and early 1990s, and briefly reformed in 2004 for a tour. Their music occupies the territory where funk, dub, industrial music and electronica intersect. The core members were Doug Wimbish (bass), Keith LeBlanc (percussion) and Skip McDonald (guitar) and producer (sometimes credited as "mixologist") Adrian Sherwood. Despite being short-lived as a band proper, the legacy and output of these groups of musicians has been prodigious.

History
In the late 1970s, Wimbish, LeBlanc and McDonald were members of the house band for the Sugarhill Records record label and the trio of hip-hop artists known as the Sugarhill Gang. They were also the musicians playing behind DJ Grandmaster Flash's 1982 hit "The Message" (the vocal was by Melle Mel) and another hit "White Lines".

During a visit to New York City, to help with a remix, London-based producer Sherwood (already noted in the dub music scene) met LeBlanc, and they began to collaborate. Soon the trio of Wimbish, LeBlanc and McDonald were producing tracks on Sherwood's On-U Sound record label. One of their earlier collaborations was as "Mark Stewart and the Maffia", which featured Stewart, former member of The Pop Group on vocals. Their first LP produced under that name As the Veneer of Democracy Starts to Fade was amongst the most industrial, noise-oriented and uncompromising of the group's output, described by John Leland as "a scary mess of random sounds, spoken words, and tiny snippets of music, processed and distorted to a grating electric edge."

Later to join forces with Tackhead was Gary Clail, who as MC for the touring version of the On-U sound system, would shout and rant over Tackhead's live playing, and both were then mixed live by Sherwood to produce a wall of sound effect that was highly novel for the mid-1980s. They released one LP Tackhead Tape Time in 1987 as "Gary Clail's Tackhead Sound System" and some of the most distinctive and well-known Tackhead tracks (some were released as 12-inch singles) date from this period particularly: "What's My Mission Now?", "Mind at the End of the Tether" and "Hard Left". These tracks combined funk basslines, hammerblow percussion and Sherwood's trademark sample-laden dub production and represent the defining Tackhead sound.

During this period, LeBlanc also produced two solo LPs: the highly inventive Major Malfunction (1986) (inspired by the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster) and Stranger Than Fiction (1989), which although credited to LeBlanc, featured all the rest of members of Tackhead. Around this time the group began to gel as a band, and started adding vocalists to what had been up until then a largely instrumental affair. On the first Tackhead LP proper, Friendly as a Hand Grenade, vocalist Bernard Fowler joined the line-up, and many older instrumental tracks re-appeared with lyrics, in what Trouser Press characterized as "Tackhead at its most coherent." In 1990 Tackhead mounted a world tour which probably marked the zenith of the band's commercial success.

The follow-up album, 1990's Strange Things (the first on a major label, EMI), despite some praise for harder-edge singles such as "Dangerous Sex" and "Class Rock" was not as well received by critics. Many followers of the group were disappointed by the more restrained production, less industrial and more mellow R&B elements. Yet the album was still experimental enough that it did not gain as wide an audience as had been hoped, and the band was dropped from their record label shortly after.

Despite not recording any new material as Tackhead since, group members continued to record as the backing band or along with various Sherwood-led On-U Sound productions artists such as Gary Clail's solo efforts, African Head Charge, Dub Syndicate, New Age Steppers and others. Subsets of the group have also appeared in various guises such as the Strange Parcels, Barmy Army and the blues-oriented Little Axe.

In addition to continuing to collaborate with Sherwood and the On-U Sound record label, each of the other members continues to lead active solo careers. McDonald leads the Little Axe project, and LeBlanc ran a record label and played with two jazz outfits, Noah Ground and Nikki Yeoh's Infinitum. As well as remaining much in demand as a session bass player, Wimbish later became the bass player for Living Colour and has recorded solo material as well as forming the short-lived Jungle Funk (later Head>>Fake), a live drum and bass outfit also featuring Living Colour drummer Will Calhoun.

In 2004, Tackhead briefly reformed to engage in a limited tour of North America and Europe. In April 2022, the entire group, also featuring Mark Stewart, played a short tour of the UK, comprising performances in Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London.

LeBlanc died in April 2024.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Tackhead Tape Time (1987)
 * Friendly as a Hand Grenade (1989)
 * Strange Things (1990)
 * For the Love of Money (2014)
 * Powerstation 2.0 (2023, Emergency Hearts)
 * Powerstation 2.0 (scott crow and David M. Williams Remixes) (2024, Emergency Hearts)

title: Tackhead


text:
Base bleed

Base bleed or base burn (BB) is a system used on some artillery shells to increase range, typically by about 20–35%. It expels gas into the low-pressure area behind the shell to reduce base drag (it does not produce thrust; if it did it would be a rocket-assisted projectile). Since it extends the range by a percentage, it is more useful on longer-range artillery where an increase of approximately 5 - 15 km can be achieved, and it also was found that the reduced turbulence gave the projectiles a more consistent trajectory, resulting in tighter grouping and efficient shelling more than 40 km away.

Base bleed technology was developed in Sweden in the mid-1960s but took some time to spread and find its niche between cheaper classical ordnance and even more expensive rocket-assisted projectiles. It is now a fairly common option.

Function
Most (50–60%) of the drag on an artillery shell derives from the nose portion of the shell. Artillery shells travel through the air at supersonic speeds; as the shell pushes the air out of its way, it creates shock waves that bleed off the shell's kinetic energy and therefore reduce its airspeed. Shaping the shell properly effectively reduces this component of drag; however, in regular flat-base artillery shells, the other large component is the so-called "base drag", caused by the low-pressure ("suction") area created directly behind the shell as it travels through the air.

Base drag can be reduced --without significantly extending the base of the shell or profiling it (as is done with sabot projectiles-- by adding a small ring of metal extending just past the base, and placing a small gas generator to the rear part of the shell. The gas generator provides little to no thrust, but fills the vacuum in the area behind the shell with an inflow of gas, dramatically reducing drag.

This means that, at a cost of only very little space to fit the gas generator in the casing,
 * a longer effective firing range can be achieved with the same amount of propellant
 * less propellant is needed to achieve the same effective range as with normal munitions
 * heavier shells can be fired to the same effective range

History
The principles were developed in Sweden in the mid-1960s by the Försvarets forskningsanstalt (abbreviated FOA) and the Artillery bureau at the Kungliga Materielförvaltningen (later the Försvarets Materielverk (FMV)) while working on a rocket-assisted projectile called "reatil". Their goal was to increase the range of coastal artillery. By 1966, it had been concluded that a small slow-burning charge at the base of the projectile would alleviate the low pressure behind the shell, hence increasing the range by lessening the difference between the pressure due to aerodynamic drag on the nose of the shell and the low pressure behind the base. The first full-scale tests took place in 1969 with modified 10.5 cm steel shells, with excellent results, and the Swedish patent was granted to FOA in 1971 although both application and patent were classified. Since the development was done, the patent was transferred to FMV for procurement to the armed forces of Sweden.

The concept was quickly implemented into the 7.5 cm sjömålsgranat m/66 (7.5 cm anti-ship shell m/66) used in the 7.5 cm tornpjäs m/57 fixed coastal artillery gun, and then rapidly into all anti-ship shells in the Swedish military.

Since FMV was to contract a company in the US to manufacture the gas generator for the 12 cm sjömålsgranat m/70 (12 cm anti-ship shell m/70), used in the 12 cm TAP m/70 fixed coastal artillery gun, the classification secret was removed from the patent. Shortly thereafter the international rights were sold, eventually ending up with the Space Research Corporation (SRC), then owned by aeronautical engineer Gerald Bull.

By the end of the 20th century, the technology was generally available world-wide.

title: Base bleed


text:
Benjamin Goodrich

Benjamin Franklin Goodrich (November 4, 1841 – August 3, 1888) was an American industrialist in the rubber industry and founder of B.F. Goodrich Company.

Early life
Goodrich was born in the farming town of Ripley, New York on November 4, 1841. He was a son of Anson Goodrich (1792–1847) and Susannah (née Dinsmoor) Goodrich (born 1799). Orphaned at the age of eight, he was raised by his uncle.

He received his M.D. from Cleveland Medical College (now Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine) in 1861, studied surgery at the University of Pennsylvania in 1863 and served as a battlefront surgeon for the Union Army in the Civil War with the rank of captain. After a few years in a struggling medical practice, he went to work in Pennsylvania's oilfields and became a real estate speculator.

Career
After the war, he reached a licensing agreement with Charles Goodyear and bought the Hudson River Rubber Company in partnership with J.P. Morris in 1869. The company, located in Melrose, New York, failed. The following year he accepted an offer of $13,600 from the citizens of Akron, Ohio to relocate his business there. He founded Goodrich, Tew & Co. in 1870. Goodrich bought out Tew, and in 1880 the company became the B.F. Goodrich Company.

Goodrich was the first in Akron to own a telephone, which was a gift from Alexander Graham Bell in 1877. The telephone connected Goodrich's house on Quaker Street to his factory on Rubber Street.

According to a story, Goodrich had seen a friend's home burn to the ground, with firefighters rendered helpless because their leather hoses had frozen and cracked. Once settled in Akron, Goodrich ordered his company to begin producing cotton-wrapped rubber hose that would resist freezing. A few years later Goodrich started selling garden hoses (allowing bucketless garden watering) and bicycle tires. Still, the company teetered near bankruptcy and went through numerous name changes, its success still uncertain when Goodrich died at the age of 46 in 1888.

The business began booming at B.F. Goodrich Company a few years after Goodrich's death with the company's introduction of a pneumatic tire that could endure the speed and load of the evolving automobile. The radial tire was designed by an advertising employee in his company. Over subsequent decades, Goodrich Company chemists invented plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in 1926, synthesized rubber in 1937 and built spacesuits for NASA astronauts in the 1960s. Now renamed Goodrich Corporation, the company abandoned the tire business in 1988 and subsequently described itself as a global supplier of systems and services to the aerospace, defense, and homeland security markets. In 2012 the Goodrich Corporation was sold to United Technologies.

The brand name BFGoodrich now appears on tires made by Michelin, which bought the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company in 1994.

Personal life

On November 4, 1869, Goodrich was married to Mary Elizabeth Marvin (1841–1907), a daughter of U.S. Representative Richard Pratt Marvin and Isabella (née Newland) Marvin. Her uncle, William Marvin, was a United States federal judge and the 7th Governor of Florida. Together, Mary and Benjamin were the parents of:

 * Charles Cross Goodrich (1871–1932), who was a Goodrich chemist and member of the Maine Legislature. He married Mary Anna Gellatly in 1895.
 * Richard Marvin Goodrich (1872–1872), who died in infancy.
 * Isabella Goodrich Breckinridge (1874–1961), who married John Cabell Breckinridge II (1870–1941), a grandson of John C. Breckinridge (the former Vice President of the United States under James Buchanan, a Confederate general and Confederate Secretary of War).
 * David Marvin Goodrich (1876–1950), who became a Goodrich executive. He married Ruth Williams Pruyn, a daughter of banker Robert C. Pruyn in 1903. They divorced and in 1936 he married Beatrice (née Morgan) Pruyn, daughter of William Fellowes Morgan Sr. and the ex-wife of his first wife's brother.

Goodrich died on August 3, 1888, in Manitou Springs, Colorado, where he had been in hopes of improving his health. He was buried in at Lake View Cemetery in Jamestown, New York. After his death, his wife hired architect Guy Lowell in 1905 to design a 23-room mansion known as River House in York, Maine. His widow died in April 1907.

Descendants
Through his daughter Isabella, he was a grandfather of Marvin Breckinridge Patterson, the photojournalist, cinematographer, and philanthropist, who married diplomat Jefferson Patterson.

title: Benjamin Goodrich