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Something Fresh

Something Fresh is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as "Something New" in the United States, by D. Appleton & Company on 3 September 1915. It was published in the United Kingdom as "Something Fresh" by Methuen & Co. on 16 September 1915. There are a number of differences between the American and British versions, but essentially, it is the same book. The novel introduces Lord Emsworth of Blandings Castle, whose home and family reappear in many of Wodehouse's later short stories and novels.

The story is a comic caricature of English aristocratic life and the American aristocracy of wealth. The servants of the English country house, who follow a very elaborate hierarchy and take meals at many different social levels, mimic their betters, "and in so doing make their betters look absurd".

Plot summary
Ashe Marson and his fellow lodger Joan Valentine discover that they both work as writers for the Mammoth Publishing Company. Joan urges Ashe to overcome his discontentment and take a fresh direction in life.

Meanwhile, Freddie Threepwood, younger son of the Earl of Emsworth, is engaged to marry Aline Peters, the daughter of American millionaire J. Preston Peters. Freddie pays a visit to a shady fixer, R. Jones, hoping to recover letters he once sent to a certain chorus girl, feeling they might be used to make a breach of promise case against him. His father later calls on Aline's father to view his collection of scarabs and absent-mindedly puts Mr Peters’ prize exhibit in his pocket. Though Peters suspects the Earl, he cannot confront him for fear of endangering his daughter's marriage.

Aline is being pursued by George Emerson, a Hong Kong police officer, who wishes to marry her. Having befriended Freddie Threepwood, George has been invited to Blandings Castle, the family home, at the same time that Aline and her father are paying a visit. R. Jones finds the address of Freddie's ex-sweetheart, Joan Valentine, who tells him she has long since destroyed any letters she may have had from Freddie. As Jones is leaving, Aline, a former school friend of Joan, arrives on a visit, and the suspicious Jones listens at the door. Hearing that Aline's father is offering £1,000 to anybody who can retrieve his scarab, Joan decides that she will go herself to Blandings, posing as Aline's maid, so as to recover the scarab and scoop the reward. Acting separately, Ashe answers a newspaper advert and is engaged as his valet by Mr. Peters, who is looking for somebody to steal back the scarab during his visit to Blandings.

Ashe informs Joan about this as they both take the train from London. During the trip Joan warns Ashe of the complicated system of etiquette observed among servants of a large house. She hopes this will persuade him to give up his quest and remove himself as her competitor. After their arrival, Ashe is terrified to be interviewed by the butler, Beach, and has to listen to a recital of his troubles with his feet and his stomach. Mr Peters also has stomach trouble and Ashe threatens him with non-cooperation unless he takes some exercise and stops smoking cigars.

At night, Ashe and Joan are both trying to get at the scarab when Lord Emsworth's watchful secretary, Rupert Baxter, nearly catches them. Next morning, Ashe and Joan decide to become allies and, after flipping a coin, agree to take turns at stealing the scarab. Since Aline is following the same reduced diet as her father, George steals downstairs to prepare her a midnight feast and collides with Ashe in the dark hall. They start a noisy fight but escape after the suspicious Baxter trips over them and is found surrounded by food and broken china by the time the lights are turned on. He is blamed for waking everyone and roundly criticised by Lord Emsworth for going in search of food in the middle of the night.

The next night is Joan's turn to make her attempt, but she finds the scarab has already gone. Putting together clues, she and Ashe discover that Freddie needs money to pay R. Jones, who is pretending that Joan is demanding it for the return of his letters. But Freddie is an admirer of the detective tales that Ashe writes and decides to trust him, confessing to the theft and returning the scarab. As Ashe leaves, Lord Emsworth arrives to announce that Aline has eloped on the train to London with George Emerson, who has been recalled to Hong Kong. Freddie is more relieved than hurt at this revelation.

When Ashe returns the scarab, Mr Peters offers to take Ashe back to America as his personal trainer in reward for the improvement in his health. Ashe hesitates long enough to ask Joan to marry him, and she admits she has been grieving at what seems to be the end of their partnership; as a result, a scullery maid looking out of the window has her dull life enriched as she sees them kissing.

Background
As a young boy in Victorian England, Wodehouse was taken on social calls with his aunts to great houses and often had tea in the Servants' Hall, where he learned about the servants' hierarchy and etiquette. These observations were incorporated into Something Fresh. Before P. G. Wodehouse wrote the novel, his uncle Walter Meredith Deane and later his eldest brother Philip Peveril had served as second-in-command of the Hong Kong police force, like George Emerson in the novel.

Publication history
Wodehouse converted pounds sterling into dollars in the story for the American readers of The Saturday Evening Post when it was first serialised between 26 June and 14 August 1915. The title "Something New" was used in America instead of "Something Fresh" because "fresh" has a meaning synonymous with "impertinent" in America. For it Wodehouse received a fee of $3,500, more than for any previous work. The serial in The Saturday Evening Post included illustrations by F. R. Gruger.

The book is described, in a new preface added in 1969, as the start of “the Blandings Castle Saga”. Into this scenario many new elements were to be introduced over the years, but there was also one notable omission. This was Lord Emsworth's sister Lady Ann Warblington, who is mentioned in Something Fresh as subject to headaches and largely confined to her room, never to reappear in a Blandings novel again.

Something Fresh was published in the 1979 collection of Blandings novels Life at Blandings, along with Summer Lightning and Heavy Weather.

Adaptations
The story was adapted in 2009 by Archie Scottney as a radio drama for BBC Radio 4's Classic Serial series. The cast included Ian Ogilvy as the narrator (credited as playing the role of "Wodehouse"), Ioan Gruffudd as Ashe Marson, Helen McCrory as Joan Valentine, Martin Jarvis as Lord Emsworth, Hector Elizondo as J. Preston Peters, Andrea Bowen as Aline Peters, and James Frain as George Emerson.

title: Something Fresh


text:
Schlenkerla

Schlenkerla is a historic brewpub in Bamberg, Franconia, Germany, renowned for its smoked Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier.

Beers

Aecht Schlenkerla is recognized for making traditional Rauchbier (smoked beer) including urbock, märzen, weizen, oak doppelbock, lentbeer (Fastenbier), a Helles Marzen blend (Krausen), Helles (filtered and unfiltered) and Hansla (low alcohol). The brewery releases vintages of the Doppelbock and Urbock that have been aged in rock cellars. A schnapps made from Rauchbier is also available in Schlenkerla's pub and restaurant.

The brewery's restaurant has been ranked among the top places in the world to have a beer by All About Beer magazine.

The pub
The brewery has been in operation since 1405, when it was a pub known as Zum Blauen Löwen ("At the Blue Lion"). Schlenkerla tavern features a Gothic ceiling known as the Dominikanerklause. It is located in the old town section of Bamberg, a UNESCO World Heritage site tucked away in the Franconia section of northern Bavaria. Each year the brewery celebrates "Smokebeer Preservation Day" on July 23. On that day in 1635 the first smoke free malt drying machine was patented. Soon most beers became smoke-free and Rauchbier became rare. Only a small number of Bamberg breweries continued the use of traditional fire kiln malt drying, preserving the style. The style is now made by a limited number of breweries around the world and is recognized at the Great American Beer Festival with a Smoke Beer category with six subcategories.

Name
Schlenkerla roughly translates as "Dangling". Schlenkern is a German verb meaning to swing or to dangle (literally "to slink"). The -la suffix is typical of the East Franconian dialect. The name reportedly comes from a brewer with a hobbling gait whose image can be seen on the Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier bottle. The brewery's legal name is HellerBräu Trum KG, after the Trum family that has owned and run it for six generations.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Schlenkerla


text:
Talk:Yoshi

A little more info about speech and reception
First for reception, it should say yoshi is one of trhe most popular nintendo characters of all time. also, in japan, yoshi is mostly liked by younger kids, (which is why yoshi story is what it is today). Also for yoshi's speech, i've seen yoshi commercials on youtube where he speaked (in japanese, so i dont know what he said). Should that be included? or mabye not since its an ad? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.233.100.129 (talk) 01:50, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi's history?
Should we add a section for Yoshi's history/origins? Yoshi's history was explained in the Super Mario Bros. cartoon series episode "Mama Yoshi," in which Luigi tells the story of how he found the dinosaur. Is this considered canon? Graymornings (talk) 10:39, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. It was made by a company which wasn't involved in the making of the games. --Grandy02 (talk) 18:19, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

I think it is decidedly non-canon yet worthy of inclusion with that caveat clearly delineated. Cf. Doctor Eggman, an article wherein his many titles across differing media are all explained. Basically what is canon in constantly re-tooled video game characters often falls down to only what is listed on the media sold within their latest release so if the backstory is not available, it may be inferred by media officially sanctioned by the games' copyright holder(s), unless it directly contradicts other releases by the original creative team.

Furthermore, excluding such information leads to the animated character being noteworthy of its own encyclopaedic content, which leads to messy disambiguations and calls for mergers that could otherwise be remedied by the insertion of a very short paragraph or sentence. Does that sound alright to you? :)--Thecurran (talk) 14:56, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi's first appearance
Yoshi's first appearance was in Super Mario Bros 2 as that boss at the end of most levels. --guideX 12/29/2008
 * That was Birdo. And no, Yoshi's first appearance wasn't Super Mario Bros. 3, either, the transformation of one of the kings into a Yoshi is exclusive to the later remakes. Yoshi first appeared in Super Mario World. --Grandy02 (talk) 20:00, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Under "appearances" it says that yoshi was first introduced in 1991. Under the "yoshi" fictional information" under the picture to the right of the page "super mario world 1990". SMW was released in Japan in November of 1990. Was his North American introduction in 1991 or is this a discrepancy? Micro5797 (talk) 19:39, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

What about Yoshi's cookie wasn't that released for the NES? Cillian flood (talk) 16:18, 30 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Yoshi's Cookie was released in 92/93, and SMW in 90. So, he really debuted in SMW —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.57.46.27 (talk) 08:43, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

HIS FIRST APPERANCE WAS IN SUPER MARIO BROTHERS 3, HE APPEARD AS THE TRANSFORMED KING AT THE END OF THE BOSS LEVEL ON WORLD 7!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.146.33.165 (talk) 18:29, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

Yosshī?
This looks really unclear at the beginning of the article to me. The fact that macrons (overbars) are normally unclear over the letter, "i", is compounded by it being italicized and then obscured at the end of the word by the superscripted "?" link. It is illegible on my 1024x768 ~45cm screen with Firefox 3.0.4 on Modern skin. I think those are pretty average settings, so it should be clearly written. The template seems to be properly used, so I suggest re-working the template. This is an important point because I have seen native Japanese bewildered by their "ヨッシー (Yosshī)" being called "ヨシ (Yoshi)", a non-interchangeable word with its own separate meaning. I would like to see what you folks think though before attempting to influence the template. :)--Thecurran (talk) 14:43, 5 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). Stifle (talk) 13:57, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Merge?
This article has been at the same status for...forever. We have neither development information nor reception as to why he's an important character outside of being a Nintendo mascot. Could we merge it at this point?--Kung Fu Man (talk) 19:59, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
 * The only information on Yoshi's creation I ever read about is that they wanted Mario riding a dinosaur ever since they finished the original Super Mario Bros., but it was impossible technically. . Hm, not sure if the article should be merged, though, since there is a series of numerous games based around this character. Maybe it should be changed so that it covers both the character and the game series, with much less focus on fiction (seriously, many people surely see this article as "crufty") and more focus on gameplay and game reception? Currently, "Yoshi (series)" just redirects here. Will you also propose Wario to be merged, which lacks real-life information, too (he has become much more independent from the Mario series than Yoshi, though)? --Grandy02 (talk) 18:20, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I think either Yoshi needs a big makeover (Info in the "species" section repeats "characterisics" info.), or it needs to get merged. It has way too much information to just throw away though. Blake (Talk·Edits) 16:04, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi is one of the major characters in the Mario series, has his own games and is one of Nintendo's most popular characters, I really don't think he should be merged just because of he quality of the article, although I do agree that it needs to be fixed up.- YoboDon —Preceding undated comment added 09:37, 26 August 2009 (UTC).
 * If Yoshi were to be merged, where would information on the Yoshi series go? In List of the Mario series characters? In Yoshi (series)? I agree that the article needs work, but Yoshi is a major Nintendo mascot and has a role outside of the Mario series, so merging doesn't seem to make much sense.--Yair rand (talk) 20:53, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I think we have already established that it isnt going to be merged since there is too much to throw away. Just try and find references for stuff and clean up the article. Maybe we can just make a Yoshi (series) article and put Yoshi's character/species in there. Blake (Talk·Edits) 22:50, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Strong oppose, Yoshi is one of the main characters in the Mario series and is (based on Facebook followers) more popular than Mario himself! Stifle (talk) 14:48, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think Facebook results are notable. However, as it stands, the article doesn't show us importance. Despite this though, after a rather successful hunt for Wario creation info, I came up with three interviews that gave some design information in less than 10 minutes worth of hunting. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 07:30, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

This article should be recycled into a series article IMO. There is a lot of information on the development and reception of the Yoshi games (especially Yoshi's Island 1 & DS). Megata Sanshiro (talk) 19:40, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi should not be merged as he is one of the main characters. At least if the articles are filled up more, his page will be more better. Some important info such as the smash data were missing such as the final smash so many things could be left without much info. GS Sentret 16:17, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The stuff you have added is good, but you need to find some reliable sources to back up those statements. This can be just about any site that isn't a Fan-site, forum, or blog. Blake (Talk·Edits) 20:25, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

Massive Oppose No Question. K P McZiggy (Allow Me To Introduce Myself...) 07:27, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose; Yoshi is one of the most popular characters in the series and has several of his own games. Tezkag72 (talk) 22:31, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The problem with declaring it a successful "keep", is that they're opposing a merge because of the character's status as a major character in the Mario series, not an important character overall. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 23:19, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Yoshi has his own series comprising half a dozen games or so. Some more sourcing would be good, but that sourcing will never happen if we merge the page. Useight (talk) 23:31, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * That's not necessarily true. In my experiences, the people who say that sources can be found don't actually "put up" these sources, and the article stagnates in the same state for another year before it has another unsuccessful merge discussion. Personally, I'm not a big fan of how major characters are given somewhat of a free pass. I've written bigger reception sections in some of my character articles than exist in other major characters such as Link, Mario, Princess Zelda, etc. Because people get complacement and assume that their favourite character is beyond having to worry about being merged, they don't actually fix the problems. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 23:34, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi development information.
I was reading the (oddly enough) Twilight Princess Iwata Asks, and this bit of information was posted:

 * "Ah, I see! The really interesting thing about what you've just told us is that Miyamoto-san was "speaking from a functional point of view". It wasn't that he wanted a character riding the wolf for narrative reasons. Rather, the reason was to do with its function in the game, as "viewing an animal directly from behind all the time is boring." It's really interesting to hear that the idea of having someone riding the wolf was because of this. I really feel that this is the thinking of someone who worked in industrial design. Sidetracking just a little, when Miyamoto-san got Mario to ride Yoshi in Super Mario World, the thinking behind that idea was "functional". What I mean is that the SNES was a console which didn't allow a lot of sprites (the technical mechanism that allows graphics to be displayed on the screen) to be lined up on-screen at the same time. To explain why Yoshi ended up looking like that, it's because that shape allows you to limit the number of sprites lined up on screen when Mario and Yoshi are overlapping. You'll understand if you take a look at the original blueprint that Yoshi was designed purely from a functional point of view. So the reason Yoshi ended up being a dinosaur is not because we wanted Mario to ride a dinosaur. Rather, it was because something like a dinosaur was the shape which was allowed by the technical limitations. Sorry, I digressed slightly there! (laughs) Kitagawa-san, did you have any "tables upended"?"

Do what you will with this information. --Bentendo24 (talk) 21:46, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Yoshi image
I again disagree with using the Brawl image. Not using the "secondary series" reasoning [at least not prominently], it's mostly the positives of the 2D image - it shows defining qualities of the character, such as its art style, his abilities, etc. Being in 3D or having more detail and being more recent have both been effectively "erased" as arguments for an image's inclusion. We see examples of this all over - Solid Snake, Link, and the Street Fighter character articles, only two of which use the most recent art released [and those only use them because it's the only art available for use]. In the spirit of representing the character, I think something that covers the most bases should be used.

For reference's sake, shows the original image. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 06:18, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * In all honesty I'd feel better going with his Super Mario World art if we had a choice there. The SMW2 artwork isn't bad in itself, but Baby Mario's presence and the fact Yoshi's back is turned really scream that a better image can and should be used in place.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 09:12, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * That's definitely an idea. Can you show what artwork you're specifying? - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 09:16, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * We've already had this argument at Talk:Yoshi/Archive 2; I fail to see what's changed here (other than bare assertions that the arguments have been 'effectively "erased"', whatever that means, even though there are no binding precedents). The Brawl image is far higher-quality and shows the character, rather than introducing an additional character with the potential to confuse readers. The image with Baby Mario can be used later in the page, if desired, to explain how Yoshi carries riders. Stifle (talk) 09:19, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, an image from New Super Mario Bros. Wii or Super Mario Galaxy 2 might be better than both other options. Stifle (talk) 09:21, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Hmm, that might be a good idea. I completely forgot about Yoshi in those games. It's either this or this. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 09:25, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I would rather it be a recent 3D rendered image of Yoshi without Mario riding him. That's because it's the "updated" character design and looks different from the older image.--ZXCVBNM (TALK) 13:27, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I like the side-view Super Mario World image. He's not in some absurd pose like with the Brawl and SMW2 images, and Yoshi's defining characteristics are very clear.  Plus, as a side-view, it matches up with the sketch image of Mario riding Yoshi, showing how his design has changed. --gakon5 (talk / contribs) 17:34, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I like the SMW image over the others. Nifboy (talk) 02:09, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Gender
Aparently they're androgynous. Throwaway85 (talk) 05:17, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yoshi himself is a male, this can be verified in many sources. The species is, obviously, androgynous. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 05:38, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

I think it's more like both males and females of the yoshi species lay eggs Booger-mike (talk) 00:33, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

is yoshi a boy or girl
he/she lays eggs but i cant figure it out —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.234.47.82 (talk) 15:28, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * As a specific character, Nintendo has made it very clear that Yoshi's male; unlike Catherine they have not backtracked on the gender claim. —  Jeremy  ( v^_^v Boribori! ) 23:43, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

The article refers to Yoshi both as female and male -- even in the first paragraph: "Her debut was in Super Mario World (1990) on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System[4] as Mario and Luigi's sidekick (a role he has often reprised)". One of the article's categories is "female game characters". Doesn't this need a cleanup? I don't have all the knowledge or references on the issue, but the article is really confusing on this aspect. Erikvcl (talk) 19:39, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done At the very minimum, the gender pronouns in the sentence now match and the category has been removed. -- McDoob  AU  93  20:19, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Yoshi is canonically male, Yoshis are able to lay eggs regardless of gender Booger-mike (talk) 17:17, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

Wazhon
Yoshi's proper species name is Wazhon (sometimes written as Wazon) even if you don't know it. So I don't get while people keep deleting it. Ottokarone (talk) 01:39, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you have a source for that? Reach Out to the Truth 02:29, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

yoshi is boy — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lolerskats (talk • contribs) 20:49, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

There must be another suitable image.
In the middle of disagreements would probably be a New Super Mario Bros. Wii image of Yoshi. While the debate was in late 2009, I see what they're getting at. If such a suitable image can be found, it would provide the details. The only other option I could think of is using more than three images (including the SMW2 image), but I don't want the article to become somewhat of a copyvio either.

And yes, I do know the mention of an NSMBWii image was also in the late 2009 thread. mechamind 9  0  07:56, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

Birdo...
I have seen false information posted about Birdo on the actual page, and as such, have deleted it. It was obviously fake, but just to follow guidelines I looked at the supposed source, which wasn't cited for obvious reasons. I am posting this here so that anyone who wants to maintain this page can be on the lookout for this problem from now on. And might I add that I'm insulted by the immaturity of whoever put up the false info, simply because it was appalling. Redgamehunter (talk) 06:50, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Image war?
It looks like I'm not the only one who reconsidered which image should be used in the infobox. However, I noticed that the same image, File:Yoshi Mario Party VIII.png (now deleted), was used in two individual instances (by the same user, but still).
 * By the way, the reason that I initially insisted a Brawl image would be suitable is because of the similar qualities to the SMW Yoshi. I don't think many SMW franchise games outside of the original Super Mario do that (some that do would be Super Smash Bros and New Super Mario Bros Wii). The Yoshi I've seen in Mario Kart, Party, Sports Mix, Tennis, Golf and many others is more personified than the original. mechamind  9  0  08:01, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * P.S. if someone reverts to the older image, I won't bother to revert to mine. I don't want this to become an edit war.

Dinosaur or Dragon
I'm aware this is brought up in previous conversations in the archive, but is Yoshi still considered a Dinosaur by Nintendo? I'm aware that in Super Mario World he lives in Dinosaur Land, but in Super Mario Galaxy 2 he is referred to as a "space dragon" in the game. I can't find any particular source saying this, but it's available here:, It's also at 0:46 at this youtube video. (might want to turn off annotations and audio to watch this video). here. So should we update this to the current definition? I know you can cite video game text for wikipedia, but this isn't really my area of expertise. Andrzejbanas (talk) 13:13, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Done [and cited]. :) Androids101 |  Visit me!  |  talk  |  contribs   23:54, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Early yoshi spotting
In Super Mario Bros 3 yoshi first appears next to toad as a transformation of the king — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.228.216.157 (talk) 08:22, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I believe that's only in the Super Mario Bros. All-Stars version. Not in the original game. Andrzejbanas (talk) 18:10, 4 November 2012 (UTC)

mentions
yoshi was mentioned in TFS DBZ abridged in a few early episodes — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.96.118.146 (talk) 20:11, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Pluralization
I noticed that the article typically uses, "Yoshis," to refer to them in the plural sense... However, in the intro to Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, it uses, "Yoshies." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nanakon (talk • contribs) 06:36, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

Validity of the name "T. Yoshisaur Munchakoopas"
The quote in question from the Nintendo character guide that gives Yoshi's name as "T. Yoshisaur Munchakoopas" may in fact be satirical, judging from it giving Mario's species as "homo nintendonus". Given this quote, can we definitively call the Nintendo character guide in question a valid source? ONR (talk) 01:51, 13 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Looking at it in context, it is clearly a spoof of scientific names. Instead of Homo Sapiens Spaiens, it is "Homo Nintendonus" and so on. Treating it as the character's "real name" is giving it undue weight. Ozdarka (talk) 05:07, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

This appears to be becoming a thing again ... let's continue the discussion to determine if this actually belongs in the article. -- McDoob AU93  13:52, 13 July 2017 (UTC)

Just wondering if the T. in Yoshi's full name is T. for Tyrannosaurus. Since that would be in line with the Latin way of writing the name which is often abbreviated when known. I know we have no way to verify, but seems to me to be the closest fit and he does kinda look like a baby T. Rex Skippingrock (talk) 19:21, 17 December 2022 (UTC)

Speaking perfect English in SMW cartoon
Under "Appearances in other media," it says that Yoshi can be found "speaking perfect English [...] slightly later in the episode "A Little Learning"" in the Super Mario World cartoon. I just watched the show in question, and unless I'm crazy, there wasn't a grammatically-correct phrase spoken by him in the entire episode.--Trent021 (talk) 03:58, 27 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Changed to "coherent" Supernerd11 Firemind ^_^ Pokedex 02:22, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

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Where is the Yoshi committed tax fraud meme?
Seriously why isn't the tax fraud meme on this page at all! That is just strange as it is arguably one of the most noticeable things about this character in recent years. If you don't know about the meme you can click on the link: https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/yoshi-committed-tax-fraud — Preceding unsigned comment added by The best editor in the world (talk • contribs) 14:07, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Memes are usually not notable and Know Your Meme is not a reliable source. TarkusAB talk 14:51, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Nothing came out of the story anyway. He made an out of court settlement with Nintendo and the IRS prior to the release of Yoshi's Crafted World. — python coder (talk | contribs) 18:39, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

Turtle

 * Yoshi is a turtle. https://nintendoeverything.com/yoshis-crafted-world-devs-on-the-art-style-kindergarten-inspiration-flip-side-gimmick-more/ Muur (talk) 01:36, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Also why does that tax fraud link appear below my post?Muur (talk) 04:03, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Because another thread on the page has the link formatted as a reference, and Wikipedia's coding has all references appear at the bottom of the page if it isn't controlled with a " " in a different section.--Mr Fink (talk) 05:04, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * This is wrong. Satoru Iwata, a former CEO of Nintendo, said in an interview that Yoshi is a dinosaur. --Veilure (talk) 17:31, 23 January 2020 (UTC)
 * According to this interview on Nintendo's official website, Takashi Tezuka said, "I kind of forced the design though, saying, 'It's related to turtles.'". And according to Hisashi Nogami, what's on Yoshi's back is "a shell". --AsuTW (talk) 19:00, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

Species
I think it's worth mentioning that "yoshi" is also the name of his species. Booger-mike (talk) 00:33, 30 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Is there an official source for that?--Mr Fink (talk) 02:58, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

Dinosaur or Dragon 2
This was already discussed in the past, albeit very shortly, but I feel that the previous consensus has since been forgotten. It seems as tho people assume that Yoshi is a dinosaur becuz he's from Dinosaur Island (which, to be fair, makes perfect sense). However, the coins with Yoshi's face on them are "Dragon Coins", in Super Mario Galaxy 2 he calls himself a "Yoshi the Space Dragon", and in the Smash Bros. series his ultimate move (a "Final Smash") is "Super Dragon". Are there any examples of Nintendo (not of America) calling him a dinosaur, or any examples from NoA in recent times? I know NoA/NoE called him a dinosaur back in the Toadstool days, but I don't think they call him that anymore.Linkdude20002001 (talk) 00:02, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Apparently, Yoshi is neither. Yoshi is the species. There are multiple Yoshis. This can be seen in Super Mario World (where you save many Yoshis after beating a boss), Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island (the Yoshis work together to protect Baby Mario) and different-coloured Yoshis are alternate costumes in Mario Kart 8. So apparently, Yoshi is a Yoshi. YaRightThereNeymarSunnyInnit (talk) 18:33, 20 August 2022 (UTC)
 * However, I would say Yoshi is a dinosaur. YaRightThereNeymarSunnyInnit (talk) 18:35, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

Untiled
I am not sure how to fix this, but there is a lot of repetition in the “concept and creation” section. First two paragraphs are essentially repeats of eachother. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1007:B127:80CB:C43:39FE:CDFF:2435 (talk) 21:03, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

Photo
The current one is from Crafted World, a game with a different style from the others. Other recent games like Mario Kart 8 Deluxe and Mario Tennis Aces depict him in a much more typical way; a picture from one of those would be more relevant. DemonDays64 (talk) 19:49, 20 March 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 October 2021
At concept and creation section, remove this sentence as duplicate in first paragraph but don't remove the source at the end: "He again wanted to feature Yoshi in Super Mario Bros. 3, but was still unable to." Also remove the duplicate sentence on second paragraph including the source at the end of paragraph: "In Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, he takes on the role of Baby Mario, which leads him to Bowser's Castle, where he is reunited with Baby Luigi. After defeating a massive Baby Bowser, Yoshi successfully reunites the twins just in time to return home." 210.121.129.159 (talk) 07:06, 19 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ melecie   t  12:04, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 November 2021
Please consider the change from "Yoshi is a fictional dinosaur" to "Yoshi is a fictional character created in the image of turtles".

I have stated the reason in the talk page Talk:Yoshi, but I will also paste it here:

"According to this interview on Nintendo's official website, Takashi Tezuka said, 'I kind of forced the design though, saying, 'It's related to turtles.''. And according to Hisashi Nogami, what's on Yoshi's back is 'a shell'." AsuTW (talk) 19:17, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

 * ❌ For a character as popular as Yoshi there's bound to be the occasional contradictory claim or quote here or there. The current consensus of Yoshi being a dinosaur in the article is well sourced.  Satellizer el Bridget (Talk)  13:13, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

Eating a Koopa Shell Powers
This article should say something about the fact that in Super Mario World, Yoshi can get powers by eating red, yellow, blue, and flashing, Koopa Troopa shells. More about that is detailed here: https://www.mariowiki.com/Yoshi#Super_Mario_World

I can not edit it because the page is protected.

104.187.66.104 (talk) 23:09, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 January 2023
The article is entirely missing reference to the 1997 game Yoshi’s Story. Suggest the following paragraph be added in the “Appearances” section, directly following the par that describes Super Mario World 2: Yoshi’s Island:

Baby Mario was entirely absent from follow-up Yoshi’s story, in which Baby Bowser steals a tree that is the source of the Yoshis’ happiness, and turns their world into a picture book. Six eggs survive, and hatch into baby Yoshis who become the protagonists of the game, which is a more puzzle oriented platformer than its predecessor.

Links:

"Yoshi's Here". IGN. March 10, 1998. https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/03/10/yoshis-here

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshi%E2%80%99s_Story Timjbiggs (talk) 11:06, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ with some copyediting Aaron Liu (talk) 15:36, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

Two Yoshis
I believe there are two different Yoshis who have been mistakenly thought to be the same character.

In Yoshi's Island DS, a green baby Yoshi makes an appearance as the seventh star child. Given his green coloration and star child status, it's clear that this baby Yoshi is the very same Yoshi that the grown-up Mario Bros would later rescue and ally with in Super Mario World and subsequent Super Mario games.

The Yoshi who appears in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, aiding a baby Mario and becoming the protagonist of the Yoshi's Island series, is evidently a separate individual. This Yoshi is a fully grown adult, having been born long ago.

In summary, there are two distinct Yoshis: one baby Yoshi whose birth was shown in the ending of Yoshi's Island DS who grows up to ally with Mario, and the other, a full-grown Yoshi from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island and the subsequent Yoshi's Island series. Therefore I believe some alteration need to be made on this article, to help distinguish the two characters apart. Librarian wolf (talk) 21:27, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 January 2024
The paragraph about Yoshi's appearance in Super Mario Bros. Wonder is irrelevant as the game has been released three months ago. Change it to something like "Yoshi appears in Super Mario Bros. Wonder as a playable character for the first time since Super Mario 64 DS, along with red, yellow, and blue variants. Unlike the other playable characters, the Yoshis retain their exclusive abilities". Anyway, thanks! 2603:6010:8B00:44FF:5F4D:2540:71A7:3643 (talk) 01:31, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ with minor rephrasing & additional sourcing. EphemeralPerpetuals (they/them) (talk) 16:32, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Love the rephrasing, very creative. 😊 2603:6010:8B00:44FF:D5DA:A54B:3BB2:AA7A (talk) 04:33, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 April 2024
We should add Yoshi's playable role in Super Mario Run in the Super Mario series section. 2603:6010:8B00:44FF:4998:7B49:C219:F316 (talk) 05:20, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Shadow311 (talk) 15:48, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yoshi


text: Template:Grammatical cases

title: Template:Grammatical cases


text:
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz

Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz (1 November 1793 – 7 May 1831) was a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii.

Biography
Eschscholtz was born in the Livonian city of Dorpat, then part of the Russian Empire. His parents, Johann Gottfried and Katherine Hedwig Ziegler Eschscholtz were ethnic Baltic Germans. He studied medicine and zoology at the University of Dorpat and served as an assistant to Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, a professor of botany. Eschscholtz received a medical degree in 1815.

First voyage
On the recommendation of Ledebour, Eschscholtz served as surgeon and naturalist on the Russian expeditionary ship Rurik under the command of Otto von Kotzebue. From 1815 to 1818 the expedition circumnavigated the globe for the purposes of seeking a Northwest Passage and exploring the lands bordering the Pacific Ocean. In addition to Eschscholtz, the scientific team included botanist Adelbert von Chamisso and artist Louis Choris.

The expedition left Kronstadt, Russia on 30 June 1815, stopping at the Canary Islands in September and then crossing the Atlantic to Santa Catarina, Brazil. They passed Cape Horn in January 1816 and sailed north for several months to reach Kamchatka in July. From there they spent the rest of 1816 visiting the Aleutian Islands, California, and Hawaii. At each stop Eschscholtz collected specimens and recorded his observations of the local flora and fauna. Eschscholtz and Chamisso worked well together and became good friends. When Kotzebue became ill in 1817, they cut short a planned return to the Arctic and headed home, stopping again in Hawaii and then in the Philippines before ending their voyage at St. Petersburg in August 1818.

Kotzebue published a three-volume account of the expedition, including reports from Chamisso and Eschscholtz. Their natural history collections were described in the journals Horae physicae Berolinenses (1820), the Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg (1826) and Linnaea (between 1826 and 1836). Eschscholtz's botanical collections from California were published under the title Descriptiones plantarum novae Californiae, adjectis florum exoticorum analysibus (1826). This was the first scientific description of California's flora and the first reference to California in the title of a scientific paper. He also published some of his entomological finds in Entomographien (1822).

After his first voyage, Eschscholtz married Christine Friedrike Ledebour and became an assistant professor at the University of Dorpat in 1819. He was later appointed director of the university's zoological museum in 1822.

Second voyage
In 1823, Kotzebue was commissioned to return to the North Pacific to resupply Kamchatka and then proceed to Alaska to protect the Russian American Company from smugglers. Eschscholtz accepted an offer to participate in this second voyage and left Kronstadt on 28 July 1823 aboard the Predpriaetie (Enterprise). Again Eschscholtz amassed significant collections of natural history specimens, especially insects. Substantial insect collections were made in Hawaii, Alaska, and California. After a voyage of three years, the expedition returned home in July 1826.

In 1830, Kotzebue and Eschscholtz published a report of their voyage titled A new voyage round the world in the years 1823, 24, 25, and 26. Eschscholtz published illustrated descriptions of the new fauna he encountered in Zoologischer Atlas, 1829-1833; and provided further information in System der Akalephen, 1829. He also continued to work at the University of Dorpat, serving as professor of medicine and zoology and director of the zoological museum.

Of the many insects he collected, about 100 butterflies and twenty beetles were species new to science. Eschscholtz described some of them before his death but many were described by others, including Swedish naturalist Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, French entomologist Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean, and Russian entomologist Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim.

Eschscholtz died on 7 May 1831 in Dorpat, Estonia at the age of 37.

Legacy
His friend and colleague, Adelbert von Chamisso, named the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) in his honor. Kotzebue named an island in the Marshall Islands as Eschscholtz Atoll. This was renamed in 1946 to Bikini Atoll. Kotzebue also named a small bay east of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska after Eschscholtz.

Most of his collections were left to the University of Dorpat Museum and the Imperial Museum of Moscow.

title: Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz


text: Talk:Józef Kostrzewski

title: Talk:Józef Kostrzewski


text:
Effective interest rate

The effective interest rate (EIR), effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the percentage of interest on a loan or financial product if compound interest accumulates in periods different than a year. It is the compound interest payable annually in arrears, based on the nominal interest rate. It is used to compare the interest rates between loans with different compounding periods. In a situation where a 10% interest rate is compounded annually, its effective interest rate would also be 10%.

Calculation
The effective interest rate is calculated as if compounded annually. The effective rate is calculated in the following way, where r is the effective annual rate, i the nominal rate, and n the number of compounding periods per year (for example, 12 for monthly compounding):
 * $$ r \ = \ \left(1+\frac{i}{n}\right)^n - 1$$

For example, a nominal interest rate of 6% compounded monthly is equivalent to an effective interest rate of 6.17%. 6% compounded monthly is credited as 6%/12 = 0.005 every month. After one year, the initial capital is increased by the factor (1 + 0.005)12 ≈ 1.0617. Note that the yield increases with the frequency of compounding.

When the frequency of compounding is increased up to infinity (as for many processes in nature) the calculation simplifies to:
 * $$ r \ = \ e^i - 1$$

where $$e\approx 2.72$$ is Euler's mathematical constant.

Comparison with APR
The primary difference between annual percentage rate (APR) and effective interest rate, is that the effective interest rate includes the compounding effect, while APR assumes the payee has paid off all interest on a loan each month. Additionally, the APR method, depending on legal jurisdiction, reflects other factors that may effect the cost of a loan such as including fees that may be charged as a part of a loan. Effective interest is the standard in the European Union and many other countries, while APR is often used in the United States.

Comparison with APY
Annual percentage yield or effective annual yield is the analogous concept for savings or investments, such as a certificate of deposit. Since a loan by a borrower is an investment for the lender, both terms can apply to the same transaction, depending on the point of view. For a zero-coupon bond such as a US treasury bill, an annual effective discount rate may be specified instead of an effective interest rate, because zero coupon bonds trade at a discount from their face values.

Effective interest rate (accountancy)
In accountancy, the term effective interest rate is used to describe the rate used to calculate interest expense or income under the effective interest method. This is not the same as the effective annual rate, and is usually stated as an APR rate.

title: Effective interest rate


text:
Sarnia (disambiguation)

Sarnia is a city in Ontario, Canada.

Sarnia may also refer to:

Places

 * Sarnia—Lambton (federal electoral district), Ontario, Canada, formerly known as Sarnia, a federal electoral district
 * Sarnia—Lambton (provincial electoral district), Ontario, Canada, a provincial electoral district
 * Sarnia (provincial electoral district), Ontario, a riding from 1966 to 1996, which was combined with part of Lambton to create the Sarnia—Lambton provincial electoral district
 * Sarnia 45 Indian Reserve of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation, Ontario
 * Rural Municipality of Sarnia No. 221, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Sarnia, the Roman name for the island of Guernsey, Channel Islands

Sports in Sarnia, Ontario

 * Sarnia Sting, a junior ice hockey team
 * Sarnia Legionnaires (1954–70), a junior ice hockey team
 * Sarnia Legionnaires (1969–), a junior ice hockey team
 * Sarnia Arena, home arena of the Legionnaires
 * Sarnia Imperials, a football team from 1928 to 1955

Other uses

 * HMCS Sarnia, a Second World War Royal Canadian Navy minesweeper
 * SS Sarnia (1910), a passenger vessel which also served in the First World War as HMS Sarnia
 * Sarnia station, Sarnia, Ontario, a Via Rail train station
 * Sarnia Chris Hadfield Airport, near Sarnia, Ontario
 * Sarnia: An Island Sequence, a set of three piano solo pieces by John Ireland
 * Sarnia, a novel by British author John Christopher (pen name of Samuel Youd)

title: Sarnia (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Vladimir Vysotsky

Vladimir Vysotskyj or Valdimir Vysotskiy
According to the article header his name is Vladimir Vysotskyj but the third image from the top is labeled "Marina Vlady and Valdimir Vysotskiy". Looks like a typo. Both first and last name differes from the name in the header. For all I know this spelling is russian slang, so if anyone with knowledge of the russian language is reading this; please correct the label and/or delete this comment. Ulfkri (talk) 08:46, 16 May 2009 (UTC) In English - Vladimir Vysotsky, in Latin - Vladimir Vysotskij. All I want to say is that the article in English is absurdly Anti-Soviet. The Russian one never mentions how critical he was and so on. The west loves to make this stuff up. He was a good Soviet musicsian who lived in the USSR all his life. What is so hard to understand about that? Why did he have to hate the Soviet Union to be a good artist? Im always told how Soviet propaganda was bad. Some so called Democrats should take a good hard look at themselves and some of the lies the peddel. Even Brezhnev liked him!Brezhnev, Yes the leader on the Soviet Union! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.32.226.75 (talk) 18:45, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

Old talk

 * The Wikipedia style page suggest images of size 200-300 pixels. Maybe we should use a larger picture? Maybe it will be better to use a thumbnail.
 * Some more biographical information could be added from the last URL I posted, provided that it is accurate. --IYY 20:12, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks like we're working well on this, I'm also reading some sources, but I have limited time, trust that this will come out alright eventually. e.g. Marina Vlady wrote that they married at age thirty, that would mean 1978 1968 (instead of 1975 as presently stated). The father's report reads quite interesting. As far as the picture is concerned, it's from a cover, and rather low quality; could possibly make it 180 wide, guess higher quality would also strain the "fair use" clause... --Palapala 22:06, 2004 May 16 (UTC)

 * 1975 seems to be the date on all websites, so it's most likely to be accurate. Since both of them were born in 1938, marrying at the age of thirty would suggest the year 1968, which is too far from our date to be accurate. Need to research more on this topic to be certain. As for the picture, I am not entirely sure what the copyright policies would be. Are we allowed to use an album cover? I will also scan a photograph of his grave site later. --IYY 23:14, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * What's the source of this magnificent shot...? --Palapala 21:55, 2004 May 17 (UTC)

 * The photograph was taken by my father some time in the early 1980's. --IYY 00:37, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Will think of a way to incorporate it. --Palapala 08:19, 2004 May 18 (UTC)

 * IMDB's entry on Marina Vlady claims that the marriage date was 1969. This is also the date on the Italian article for Vladimir Vysotsky on Wikipedia. --IYY 03:46, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Sounds more reasonable to me, will changed it. --Palapala 08:19, 2004 May 18 (UTC)

 * Not quite sure about the following line in the first paragraph: He was the most recognized Russian bard, although he himself spoke of this term with irony. He thought of himself mainly as an actor and writer, and once remarked, "I do not belong to what people call bards or minstrels or whatever." It's not that it's incorrect (as it does seem that the quote is by him) but maybe it does not belong in the first paragraph where it gives the impression that he did not take his music seriously. And that he was strongly opposed to the bard movement. In several recordings he did mention writing his songs in the "author's song" style. --IYY 21:01, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Not quite happy with it either; you've got a point there that it might give a false impression. On the other hand, he used to state that his profession is "actor". Could you think of an alternative wording more appropriate...? --Palapala 04:22, 2004 May 26 (UTC)
 * IMO it gives just right impression. He stressed that he was a professional, not just next best hobby singer. Please don't forget that the term "bard" only gradually, in the historical perspective, acquired a high meaning. Initially, it was used mostly ironically. Only when time passed and only highly respectable "bards" remained in memories, the term became less ironical. For example, hardly Galich was called "bard" for his "ballada o probavochnoj stoimosti" (or who was the author?). A can agree that the issue may be put in more detail, but placed somewhere below down the text. Mikkalai 06:44, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Again, I apologize for the wording in the edit comments. Unfortunately, I don't feel I can write much first-hand info. I added only for what I can vouch for. I will try to contact true fans and urge them to write more. Mikkalai 17:13, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Russia

 * Na koncertah Vladimira Vysotskogo 13 [LP] (19xx)
 * Na koncertah Vladimira Vysotskogo 16 [LP] (19xx)
 * Mapuna Bradu [CD] (19xx) (note: most likely, this is Cyrillic characters made with a latin script for Marina Vladi -Марина Влади in russian)
 * Ohota na volkov / Hunting Wolves [LP] (19xx)

As so much of his work was recorded on tape by amateurs/with home musical equipment by fans or concert-goers, it's difficult to consider the substantial amount of recordings available today as official.

Jewish heritage
A source below in the discussion cites him as having been baptized. The citation-in article for "of mixed Jewish[1] and Russian descent" only explicitly says that his grandmother was Jewish, but married a Ukrainian man during WWII to avoid Nazi persecution. The original name of the grandfather appears to be of Jewish descent, but he changed it to a Russian form - with no explicit mention of Jewish heritage. Is this sufficient to mention? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.9.226.62 (talk) 05:22, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Religion
I can't find info anywhere whether Vysotsky was religious or not. He doubtlessly has religious thematics appearing in his works. One could argue that as he references God and Orthodox churches, etc. both as symbols and metaphors, he could be religious - but one could also say that this was him assuming another role. Verdict? Sources? :)

Rakovich Robert did a doctoral dissertation on religious themes appearing in his works at the Pechskiy University - but I don't know if that source can be located. here = http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/dmpershin/post108982817/ (use google translate) it references an interview with Vysotsky's son, who said that "he was baptized in an Armenian church (orthodox), the most beautiful of icons. Next to them stood two Catholic statues of the Savior and the Virgin Mother. I believe they were some kind of decorative element." (paraphrase-ish)

good picture and sources
From a concert in Moscow, 1979 http://img90.imageshack.us/my.php?image=cap002hn2.jpg while performing "Pismo iz Kanatchikovoy Dachi"

Also, here are some potential sources (in Russian; however, could use Google translator) http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/interview2.html - An interview with Vysotsky's doctor http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/index.html - biography; mentions Vysotsky's meeting with Marina Vladi - in 1967. http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/index1.html - list of historical events. http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/history6.html - even more detailed bio. http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/history5.html - mentions how in 1975 he slept 2-2.5 hours a night. http://www.peoples.ru/art/music/bard/vysotsky/history4.html - Mentions how his last love was an actress, Oksana Afanasyeva.

Discography
I know "Melody" published several vynils of songs of Vysotsky of the "patriotic" theme (a bureaucratic term, hence in quotes) of WWII.

The official Vysotsky websites go in deeper detail of presenting individual songs, even individual records of them, unfortunately I falied to find any pre-CD era discography. Mikkalai 20:11, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Drug use
Marina Vlady's book describes in detail Vysotsky's use of morphine over years. I do not believe the book mentions heroin specifically (which by the way, is a derivative of morphine, according to Wikipedia's entry on the drug), but it does seem to suggest that Vysotsky experimented with anything he could get his hands on. In any case, morphine use is indeed common knowledge and also appears to be well documented. The cause of his death is more contraversial and it is not necessary to speculate about it as long as the reader is informed at some point in the article of Vysotksy's alcohol and drug use throughout his life.

I don't want to start an edit war, but it's a well known fact that Visotsky was a heroin addict, it's just not often mentioned. I couldn't find a better source than, but the site doesn't seem to be a reliable information source. It's just common knowledge, I remember my mom telling me about it. Ask your own parents (is you're from the former USSR), they'll tell you. In my opinion, things like this, which are common knowledge but undocumented, should definitely be part of Wikipedia. --Aramgutang 04:47, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it was alcohol addiction? — Monedula 06:31, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This was in addition to the alcohol addiction. The way I usually hear it phrased is "Высоцкий кололся", meaning he would "inject himself", presumably with heroin. --Aramgutang 10:21, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like to point out that morphine is also generally injected. 67.138.153.182 21:55, 24 Apr 2005 (EST)
 * Yes, in fact Marina Vladi's book confirms that it was morphine (which was probably much more available at the time), as stated in the article. --Aramգուտանգa|  04:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, I have searched Russian Internet and have found many accounts of Vysotsky's heroin addiction. So it seems to be true. — Monedula
 * There is "common knowledge", and there is libel. Unless you can provide a reliable source, the statement is false. It is not a gossip site here. I can list you a dozen of reasons why this could be a deliberate misinformaion. I am in no way going to idealize Vysotsky, but I'd suggest you to be diligent in serious issues. As a minimum, the phrase must be stated not as a matter of fact, but rather cautiously, something like: "Today some write that Vladimir was drug addict, but neither Marina Vladi nor other persons really close to Vladimir say that." (I am not vouching for the truth of this statement either; just an example.) Mikkalai 18:15, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I was hoping to encourage someone with access to credible information sources to either prove or diprove the statement, because the Internet doens't seen to offer a realible answer. And I didn't intend his addiction to have a negative quantitation (I love Visotsky as much as the next guy), but rather be identified as a factor that contributed to the deterioration of his health and his death. Heroin withdrawal is a more enduring and merciless experience than anything the average person is likely to experience in a lifetime, and is a result of only a few easily made bad decisions. A heroin addiction doesn't make anyone a worse person, most people experiment with drugs, this just happens to be a drug that doesn't forgive you for it. --Aramgutang 22:43, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I just watched a TV show about Visotsky's last couple of years, including the circumstances that led to his death, and several of the people interviewed -- people that knew him personally -- confirmed that he had used heroin as well as morphine. Added that to the article.

Joe Dassin comparison
I just wanted to point out that when Vysotsky is compared to Dassin, it isn't usually in the context of their music, but in a political context. Dassin was French/American, a foreigner, and the life of the Soviet people was completely alien to him. However, because of his communist political affiliation, he was given attention by the Soviet media. Vysotsky was loved by the Soviet people and yet the media almost completely ignored him. I think this should be worked into the article somehow. 67.138.153.182 21:55, 24 Apr 2005 (EST)

Is the link to external article, "The Word of V.V." appropriate in current form?
I just noticed the last entry in the "External links" section of the article is "The Word of Vladimir Vysotsky, by Akbar Ali Muhammad (international publication)". I took a look at the linked page (somewhat cursory, I admit), and it seems that this "publication" is someone's personal/religious (and, IMHO, very skewed) take on some Vysotsky's work.

Given that the rest of the entries in the section are links to [good] informational sites about V.V., song archives, and so forth, it seems that lumping this entry along with the others is a bit misleading (seeming to indicate that the article has some authority, which is arguable at best). I'm not sure what the wikipedia policy about external links is, but at the very least I think it would be more appropriate to at least mark it as a link to someone's personal opinion, as opposed to a real scholarly publication).

VG

Nov 15 2005

129.55.200.20 17:45, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Cause of death
Was it that he died of a heroin overdose? The article doesn't specify.Constanz - Talk 12:49, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

it wasn't heroine overdose for sure. he drank with his friends in a bar. he drank too much vodka. and lost control of himself. people in the bar had to tie him up with ropes to calm him down. there were rumors that his overly emotional behavior in the bar was instigated by certain individuals(KGB??). that's as much as I know. he died later in hospital from heart attack. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.0.137.76 (talk) 18:21, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Circumstances of death
Listen, we can argue about the circumstances discussed in thes section until the cows come home. The key issue is that this whole section is clearly very biased and stands out as a badly written insertion. The very first sentence alludes to "fairly convincing evidence" which is a "weasel word" by Wikipedia standards, and it only goes downhill from there on. I suggest this section be deleted or drastically rewritten. User GOGANESS. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.131.94.93 (talk) 17:33, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

I have removed the whole section: unreferenced accusations against living people in drug trading and murder is a blatant violation of WP:BLP Alex Bakharev (talk) 12:01, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Removal of a whole section on a made up charge that 'it is unreferenced', when everyone can see the reference it contains, is a clear violation of wikipedia principles, and borders of vandalism. It is unbecoming of an administrator. 'Accusations of drug trading and murder' are your exaggerations of what the section contains. It uses no such words, and its contents are no more or less than the text it contains. All based on quotations of participants in the events. People can judge for themselves what they think of it without your subjective interpretation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Unveiled (talk • contribs) 02:57, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * You are probably not very familiar with wikipedia policies. While I may guess that Alex simply didn't noticed a single tiny footnote, and hence he wrote "unreferenced accusations", you must provide more detailed references, i.e., direct links to book pages, to negative statements, with exact attributions of all opinions. Such thing must be easily verifiable, since there are plenty of people who used to write various rumors in this article. "Easily verifiable" means that I must not read the whole book to find confirmation. Please start with footnoting the most strong accusations. Later people may want to request additional confirmations in other places. - 7-bubёn >t 03:28, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * An additional concern is the credibility of the book ("книги Валерия Перевозчикова"). You must explicitly state that this section draws mainly from this book, and you must provide a reasonable info about the author. As I see, he wrote quite a few books about Vysotski. If he is notable, please consider writing the article "Valeri Perevozchikov". - 7-bubёn >t 03:35, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia policies are that 'more detailed references' must be provided than 'a single footnote' which can be 'missed'?. 'Direct links' must be provided to 'pages with negative statements' (and who is to judge what is a negative statement)?. 'Footnote the most strong accusation' - and are you going to define what these are? This is nonsense.

Now have a look at wikipedia pages, say the present one. How many references do you see directly linked to statements on the page? In the way you are suggesting this section should be referenced?

Sounds like you have a personal agenda. If there is any 'genuine' interest from people concerning specific statements in this section, I can provide them.

I do not need to write anything about Valerii Perevozchikov, that is also not a WP rule. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Unveiled (talk • contribs) 03:56, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I was giving you a friendly advice how to proceed with minimal conflict. If it is something unclear in my advice, please ask a question, rather than take a warrior stance. Now answering to one of your reasonable questions: "who is to judge what is a negative statement" - You are, basing on common understanding what is good and what is bad. Example: "Person X is a very bad man" -it is a negative statement. "Person X sells heroin" - it is negative statement. (Of course there are not so evident cases, but I am not concerned about them now.) Now a multiple-choice question for exercise: "Vysotsky's associates had all put in efforts to supply his drug habit" - is it positive or negative statement about Vysotsky's associates? Your choices: (A) negative (B) positive (C) dunno (D) bug off, you admin bully. (The correct answer is A) - 7-bubёn >t 04:28, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * " How many references do you see directly linked to statements on the page?" -Many, believe me. In your case, the book is online, and in small pieces. You may link to the webpage in question, rather than to the book titlepage. - 7-bubёn >t 04:28, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Finally about Perevozchikov, there is a wikipedia rule about reliable sources: you may cite only sources proven to supply correct information. We don't base wikipedia article on musings of random paparazzi. Therefore I am asking for you to establish the credibility of the book author. If you cannot, people can rightfully question your addition: who the heck this Perevozchikov? Nobody knows him in English speaking world. - 7-bubёn >t 04:25, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * P.S. Please sign you posts by typing four tildas: ~ - they will automagically convert into your signature similar to mine and the SineBot will not spoil the readability of the talk. - 7-bubёn >t 04:33, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * P.S. Please sign you posts by typing four tildas: ~ - they will automagically convert into your signature similar to mine and the SineBot will not spoil the readability of the talk. - 7-bubёn >t 04:33, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

People can judge for themselves whether what you wrote above is 'friendly advice'.

The statement you quote is indeed negative and I can supply a page quote, but that is not the end of the story. You will then want me to prove Perevozchikov's credibility and every other little detail. The book has come out a while ago - he has written several on Vysotsky. They all contain quotes from conversations with the direct participants - the people I named on the list. He has not been sued. Its freely available - I had provided a link to the online version. If you cant read Russian use babelfish. For some reason you only want to challenge this particular source in a selective fashion. If you can find any indications that Perevozchikov has been sued for defamation, post it. Do your own research.

Then you say you see 'many' references linked directly to statements on the page. Now this is dishonest. There are 2. Once I discover a dishonesty I dont discuss further. Goodbye. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Unveiled (talk • contribs) 04:56, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Whatever. - 7-bubёn >t 07:00, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Since a number of people have taken an interest in this section, accompanied by some fairly frayed reactions let me say more.

The first point, which has not been addressed, but which bothered me when writing this contribution is, is there a need for a separate section entitled 'circumstances of death' in an encyclopoedic article? My reasons for are the following: there is a lot of (mis)information and speculation on this subject - much of which has mislead me in the past, with fairly drastic consequences to how one should regard the phenomenon of Vysotsky and the Soviet period as a whole. Some of these are present in previous versions of the current page. To wit, Vysotsky died either of a heart attack (possibly due to alcoholism) but in any case brought about by mistreatment by Soviet authorities. There are other rumours, such as 'the ambulance deliberately arrived late because the authorities wanted him dead'. And yet when you read Perevozchikov's books (or indeed Zolotukhins), here is a picture of a man living as if there is no iron curtain. He can travel to Paris or Tahiti on a whim - when most Soviet citizens can't even exit the country once. He can travel far above the speed limit in the wrong lane while drunk, crash, and get away with it by inviting the investigating superintendent with family to a party at his flat. He can obtain narcotics regularly and not be punished - in a society where narctotics were so rare most people weren't aware of what they are and their effect on the human body - which is why his Russian concert audience in his latter years mostly did not understand what is wrong with him.

The second point is Vysotsky's songs. They are not ABBA songs, where it could be argued the character traits of the singers/composers are not relevant to their artistry. They are what is termed in the article 'bard songs' - their closest relatives in English are the protest songs of Bob Dylan and the like. Many are deeply personal, about society, about how one should behave towards friends, in short about morals. So the question of the author's personal behaviour in this regard is relevant, and can not be termed mere voyeurism. It’s a bit like if Bob Dylan were a member of the KKK, that would be relevant.

Then there is the issue of the author's, Valery Perevozchikov's, credibility. I would not waste my time writing hearsay far removed from the truth about an iconic Soviet phenomenon such as Vysotsky. But the text, for anyone who can read Russian, is highly believable. It is not a rant or demagogeury. It is peppered with quotes from first hand sources, the authors main contribution is to put them on a time-line and tie them all together. And almost all facts do indeed fit - subject to the slight variability in peoples memory, that one indeed always encounters. And they fit with Zolotukhin's recollections - which being a diary are also a highly valuable source. Perevozchikov does not try to deliberately tarnish Vysotsky's legacy, in fact all material is presented tactfully in an understanding fashion. He tries to avoid conflict. Yet the overall picture is as presented in this section. To date none of the characters that are indeed alive has filed for defamation.

Now a reference that "Vysotskys associates had all put in efforts to supply his drug habit" (there are many quotes of different people mentioning individuals separately, but this quote of Oksana puts it succinctly). I quote the Russian and translate:

В.Шехтман: "Приезжаю в театр. Володя дал мне два маленьких флакончика закручивающихся и говорит: Чеши к Толику Федотову! Толика на месте нет, я - обратно: Володя, Толика нет.  Он звонит, Толик появился...  Давай еще раз.  Я еще раз туда и обратно.  При мне в уборной - раз! ввел наркотик! - пошел доигрывать..." 13 июля - "Гамлет". Оксана: "Володя играл, я его ждала. Посылал ли он кого-нибудь? Наверное... Тогда мы все были в   состоянии "боевой готовности" - в любой момент мчаться куда-то. Но я - гораздо меньше, чем ребята. Они  же все это доставали..."

V. Shekhtman: "I arrived at the theater. Vladimir gave me two small containers and said: off with you to Anatolii Fedotov!  Anatolii was not at his place, I returned - "Vladimir, Anatolii is not there".  He rings, Anatolii answered ..  "Come on, go again".  Once more I went and came back.  In my presence in the toilet he - in one go, injected the narcotic! - went on to finish the play .."

13 of july its "Hamlet".

Oksana Afanas'eva: "Vladimir performed, I awaited him. Did he send anyone?  Perhaps..  At that time we were all in a state of "high alert", ready to hurry-off at a moments notice.  But I - much less than the guys.  They procured all that stuff ..."

One can hardly have doubts regarding the authenticity of V. Perevozchikov, he is highly regarded in Russian literary circles. One can find many references on the Russian internet praising the quality of his work. Here is an example Unveiled (talk) 13:49, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

A bit non encyclopedic?
I find this sentence a bit non encyclopedic: Fueled by Marina's exotic status as a Frenchwoman in the Soviet Union, and Vladimir's unmatched popularity in his country, their love was passionate and impulsive.

I mean, it might be true that their love was passionate and impulsive, but I feel it should have references. And about the origins of this passion, I guess it's only for them to say if it was connected to their public status (a quote could work here). Udi Raz (talk) 14:20, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Not only it is non encyclopedic but it is sheer nonsense. Even if this was mentioned in RS, it would still be un-encyclopedic. - BorisG (talk) 15:42, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * If you find such sentences in the next future, just delete 'em.-- ♫Greatorangepumpkin♫ T 15:46, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Many other parts are worse. For example, "Vysotsky was an avid alcoholic and heroin addict yet some people feel that part of the blame for his death lies with the group of associates who surrounded him in the last years of his life", and so on [web site link]. But the link does not really make such claim and hardly qualify as RS. Unfortunately, I can not fix it because of my topic ban.Biophys (talk) 19:27, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * P.S. I can see above a very reasonable comment about this made by the banned User:Mikkalai. Seriously, he must be allowed to return. Biophys (talk) 19:35, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Greetings from Russia
I use a translator. To answer some questions. 1) Vysotsky died due to a weak heart. Heart was weak from birth. 2) The religiosity is unknown. The book is written by Marina Vlady that Vysotskky not believe in God..

specify your e-mail. I will answer the other questions and help with the discography.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.162.4.123 (talk) 08:08, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Why revert?
@Galassi. This tells: "His father, Semyon Volfovich (Vladimirovich) (1915–1997), was a Jewish colonel in the army originally from Kiev." Which Army? Who originated from Kiev, his father or the Army? What does it mean "Jewish"? Religion, ethnicity or something else? Which exactly sources support this assertion? My very best wishes (talk) 16:03, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Ethnicity, of course: http://www.jewish.ru/culture/press/2009/01/news994271088.php .--Galassi (talk) 16:23, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Even if you think that Михаил НАЗАРЕНКО is a reliable source (I would definitely prefer a better source), then this text should be properly rephrased to make it understandable and explain why the Jewish ethnicity of his farther was so important for his biography. Perhaps it was, but why? Was he a Jewish nationalist? No.My very best wishes (talk) 16:43, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Mikhail Nazarenko is a notable philologist, and a professor at Kiev University. He passes the WP:RS criteria. --Galassi (talk) 17:55, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Malware Link Removal
-- Gary  Dee  16:46, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Removal of a Malicious Infected Domain:
 * hxxp://egeniy.narod.ru/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/6e38931b10aa15541d5efe5a2fcdb566d7e1702fcd86b9281796f5d7ec9ad8c3/analysis/
 * Specific Link:
 * hxxp://egeniy.narod.ru/visota/visota2.htm
 * The DOMAIN links to:
 * hxxp://openstat.net/cnt.js
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/174bd20df3326c94bbaa7b92aa010d6b592ff44ee91d5ce5f52d90d9e6e743d2/analysis/1372953201/
 * REFERENCE: http://jsunpack.jeek.org/?report=495b95c482e47a35ce116056ab4f3e573e0791ab
 * SEE ALSO:
 * http://quttera.com/detailed_report/egeniy.narod.ru
 * http://sitecheck.sucuri.net/results/egeniy.narod.ru
 * http://www.UnmaskParasites.com/security-report/?page=egeniy.narod.ru

Malware Link Removal 2
-- Gary  Dee  17:54, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Removal of Infected URL (Known Infection Source): (EXPLOIT)
 * hxxp://www.kulichki.com/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/283675f4413f6399e9607e04d1245a4cc064020fe8817c08902a3def97d013d4/analysis/1372959190/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/2e4b97729428d6ab6f643594e16489c08359f0503aad414d659b9b111c1aede7/analysis/
 * Threat: JS/Exploit-Blacole.cw
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/a2756bc16b52b3474ade54f59760f28c61c5417e23edabe25eeeb53c534ea091/analysis/1372959278/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/2c6a539742f4aac1df3e1714741effb57a2420c319b41fca40f112582d5289ba/analysis/1372959292/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/4aeb9fb5c3711dec8c9ad55ecaa6269f6a420c510df2e3465d9fc2a696fb0a3d/analysis/1372959298/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/4b9372125a4cb2530ab575354351a9d00b0000d3725f211a10357b9e755ddf64/analysis/1372959300/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/178ea7a1faaea3363cedd67bb9e2a4191ab96cce7c691127ca0f0a5ff6bd334c/analysis/1372959302/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/db6b9acc696ec8a96214e4cb3a8b92cac97c905471b37e6e744c378b1cd0a7df/analysis/1372959313/
 * REFERENCE: http://jsunpack.jeek.org/?report=f86bbc935ba7a4acfd3ddc608207bf7e47c5d749
 * See also:
 * http://sitecheck.sucuri.net/results/www.kulichki.com

Malware Link Removal 3
-- Gary  Dee  18:56, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Removal of a Malicious URL (DOMAIN):
 * hxxp://kp.by/
 * A suspicious code was identified loading content from a blacklisted domain:
 * http://labs.sucuri.net/db/malware/malware-entry-mwblacklisted35
 * This domain is: hxxp://nnn.novoteka.ru/show.cgi?adp=8963
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/d027b54402fd655b39c9fe1051312250cd5450055f696a2d1d5646a1bc6956a6/analysis/1372963196/
 * REFERENCE: http://sitecheck.sucuri.net/results/kp.by
 * SEE ALSO:
 * http://www.mywot.com/en/scorecard/nnn.novoteka.ru
 * HIDDEN LINKS: http://www.UnmaskParasites.com/security-report/?page=kp.by/daily/24527.3/673091/

Malware Link Removal 4
-- Gary  Dee  20:05, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Removal of a Infected URL: (TROJAN AGENT, TROJAN REDIRECTOR)
 * hxxp://www.liveinternet.ru/community/vysotsky/post79135252/ (Russian Business Network 398)
 * BitDefender domain information: The URL domain/host was seen to host badware at some point in time
 * Opera domain information: The URL domain/host was seen to host badware at some point in time
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/92a62792e7cbe5dbaea0e64c192f9cbc8bee06f080f86642bbb4face2259da23/analysis/1372966533/
 * Infected with: TROJAN AGENT
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/99000804d2903fefed5dcee15cd08aa4660853145e886a2e7a7af78e2fcf7a49/analysis/
 * Reference: http://jsunpack.jeek.org/?report=642b6579b3007514b0dc718af946c29ebb5200ef
 * Main Portal isn`t better:
 * hxxp://www.liveinternet.ru/
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/url/ed42348f60f40bc5ba2d8b0b8b85420bf236ffc9e3f2e9c371dee2ae0619c6fa/analysis/
 * Infected with: TROJAN REDIRECTOR
 * https://www.virustotal.com/de/file/8ca7609d4046ec61d47da87bd8073ca822755c77ccf530e9bdd78b71ba7abc09/analysis/1372967273/
 * REFERENCE: http://jsunpack.jeek.org/?report=696288ee530a1f8383fd3c84c2f2b96c2a5fca9e
 * SEE ALSO:
 * http://quttera.com/detailed_report/www.liveinternet.ru

Link

 * Link to his CDs - should be legit I think. My very best wishes (talk) 06:16, 18 September 2013 (UTC)

Copyright status of lyrics and music
What is the copyright status of his audio recordings? I translated the main theme song from "The Last Burglar" (Здравствуйте, наши добрые зрители... and Вот что, жизнь прекрасна, товарищи...) but I can't find any info about his estate (if any). Would it be OK to upload my own performance of his (translated) song onto Wikimedia? If not, would it be OK to link to the external media? melikamp (talk) 04:19, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

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Style of the article
No insult intended, this is probably the worst article on Wikipedia I've ever read. This reads more like a never ending biography for a library than an article for an encyclopedia. 178.191.180.14 (talk) 16:24, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vladimir Vysotsky


text:
John Gates

John "Johnny" Gates, born Solomon Regenstreif (28 September 1913 – 23 May 1992) was an American Communist business man, best remembered as one of the individuals spearheading a failed attempt at liberalization of the Communist Party USA in 1957.

Background
Solomon Regenstreif, better known by the Anglo-Saxon name he later adopted, John Gates, was born in 1913 in New York City, the son of ethnic Jewish parents who hailed from Poland.

Career
Active in the campaign to free the Scottsboro Boys, Gates left college prior to graduation so that he could pursue his radical political activism. Gates first worked with unemployed workers in Ohio, eventually running unsuccessfully for the city council of Youngstown.

Spanish Civil War veteran
When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Gates joined the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and fought in Spain. In March 1938, at the age of 24, Gates rose to the rank of battalion political commissar of the Lincoln-Washington Battalion. In this capacity, Gates gained a reputation as a strict disciplinarian. He later admitted he had gone somewhat overboard. In 1938, he was involved in the controversial decision to execute a deserter named Paul White who had left the lines before having a change of heart and returning, only to be executed for disciplinary reasons. The decision caused great dissension in the Lincoln Brigade's ranks, forcing the immediate declaration that no further executions would take place.

Political career
Returning to the United States from Spain, Gates became the head of the Young Communist League.

The week after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Gates enlisted in the American armed forces.

In the summer of 1948, Gates was one of 12 "kingpin Commies" (to borrow a colorful contemporary turn of phrase from Time magazine) indicted under the Smith Act for being "dedicated to the Marxist–Leninist principles of the overthrow and destruction of the Government ... by force and violence." Although the Smith Act had been implemented eight years earlier at the time of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact for the altogether different purpose of fighting potential infiltration of America by secret Nazi and Communist saboteurs, at the height of the Cold War the existing law was used as a tool against national officials of the Communist Party. Prosecution of the ailing 67-year-old William Z. Foster was eventually dropped, but Gates and ten others were convicted in 1949 and sentenced to five years in prison.

Following his release from prison in 1955, Gates was appointed as editor of the Communist Party's newspaper, The Daily Worker. In that capacity, Gates' editorial policy soon came to set him at odds with the Party leadership, he took liberal positions embracing Nikita Khrushchev's criticisms of Stalin and opposing the Soviet Union's suppression of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Party leaders were particularly upset by his support of Howard Fast, a prominent writer who was quite critical of the Soviet Union and soon after also left the Communist Party.

However, The Daily Worker was in deep trouble with significant losses in circulation due to a general disenchantment with communism, by both workers and intellectuals, and pressure from McCarthyism. Confronted with deep deficits and its inability to control Gates, on December 22, 1957, the Party suspended publication of the paper as a daily, the last daily issue appearing January 13, 1958.

Resignation
Gates resigned from the Party in January 1958, claiming that it had "ceased to be an effective force for democracy, peace, and socialism in the United States." He set to work writing his memoirs, The Story of an American Communist, tapping fellow ex-Communist pariah Earl Browder to write the book's introduction.

In a January 18, 1958, television interview with Mike Wallace, Gates attempted to illuminate his interlocutor on the nature of the power relationship between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the American Communist movement: "[Y]ou have to understand how and why [the CPUSA] followed [Moscow's] line. It's not a matter that someone gave orders over there and we followed it over here. It's much more subtle than that. We followed that line because we thought it was right. It's more or less like a relationship between two people. One is an aggressive, brilliant personality and the other worships that person, and that person becomes sort of an idol for him and he tends to imitate and ape everything that he does. Well that kind of relationship is a bad relationship for both people.'"  Gates cited the American Communist Party's failure to declare its independence from Moscow as decisive in his decision to leave the organization.

Following publication of his memoirs, Gates went to work as a senior research assistant for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). In this capacity, Gates helped members with workers' compensation, unemployment, and Social Security claims. He retired from the union in 1987.

Death
Johnny Gates died on May 23, 1992, in Miami Beach, Florida, at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife of 47 years, the former Lillian Schwartz; a brother, Nat Regenstreif, of Hollywood, Florida, and three sisters, Blanche Smiles of the Bronx, Irene Travis of Charlotte, North Carolina, and Marlene Seml of Boca Raton, Florida.

Works

 * The South: The Nation's Problem. New York: New Century Publishers, 1948.
 * On Guard against Browderism, Titoism, Trotskyism. New York: New Century Publishers, 1951.
 * What America Needs: A Communist View. With Eugene Dennis. New York: New Century Publishers, March 1956.
 * Evolution of an American Communist: Why I Quit after 27 Years: Where I Stand Now. New York: J. Gates, 1958
 * A Case Study on the Communist Conspiracy, April 23, 1958. With Herbert Philbrick. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Forum Committee, 1958.
 * The Story of an American Communist. Introduction by Earl Browder. New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1958.

title: John Gates


text:
Sawmills (disambiguation)

Sawmills are facilities where logs are cut to length.

Sawmills may also refer to:

 * Sawmills Studios, a famous UK music recording studio
 * Sawmills, North Carolina

title: Sawmills (disambiguation)


text:
Schmidt–Rubin

The Schmidt–Rubin rifles were a series of Swiss Army service rifles in use between 1889 and 1958. They are distinguished by the straight-pull bolt action invented by Rudolf Schmidt and use Eduard Rubin's GP90 7.5×53.5 and GP11 7.5×55 Schmidt–Rubin rifle cartridge.

Schmidt–Rubin 1889

The Model 1889 was the first in the series of Schmidt–Rubin rifles that served Switzerland from 1889 to 1958. The rifle takes its name from the designer of its action, Colonel Rudolf Schmidt, and the designer of its ammunition, Colonel Eduard Rubin. Production of the rifle began in 1891. The straight-pull bolt action allows the user to pull the bolt straight back to unlock the action, cock the striker, extract, and eject the spent cartridge in one motion, and then push the bolt forward to chamber a round and lock the action. This is as opposed to a traditional bolt action, which requires the user to lift the bolt handle to unlock the action before pulling the bolt back. The rifle is roughly musket length with a free-floating barrel, 12-round magazine, and wood stock that extends almost to the tip of the barrel. The Schmidt–Rubin 1889 was an advanced weapon for its time, and one of the first rifles to use copper-jacketed ammunition as its standard ammunition. Most of the bullets used in Europe at the time, except for the Mle 1886 Lebel rifle metal-jacketed 8mm bullet, were around .45 caliber, as opposed to the revolutionary .308 caliber of the GP90 7.5×53.5mm round designed by Col. Rubin in 1882. The round was "paper patched": the bullet was surrounded by a piece of paper, covering the exposed lead shank of the bullet while a steel cap covered the nose of the bullet. The paper patch helped prevent lead fouling of the bore. In 1923, long after the discontinuation of the Model 1889, the GP90/23 7.5×54.5mm round was produced without the paper patching instead using a full jacket around the bullet. The Model 1889 was eventually replaced by its successor models, including the Model 1896, Model 96/11, Model 1911, Model 1911 carbine.

Schmidt-Rubin model 1889/96
The Schmidt–Rubin Model 1889/96 was the replacement for the 1889. The biggest change was moving the locking lugs from the rear to the front of the bolt sleeve, allowing the receiver to be slightly shortened. The change also allowed the bolt and receiver to handle more pressure. Colonel Schmidt was asked to do this for the model 1889, but refused, saying that it was not possible. Colonel Vogelsgang and his assistant Rebholz worked out the details, which were not complex but required time to retool. The rifle system was adopted in 1896. When the cartridge was modified in 1911 to increase the velocity of the bullet, the 1896 bolt system was used. Almost all the model 89/96 rifles were converted to 96/11; only a few remain in the original configuration, most of them private series rifles rather than military issue.

Schmidt-Rubin Model 1897 cadet rifle
The Schmidt–Rubin Model 1897 cadet rifle was intended as a replacement for the earlier Vetterli rifles. The Model 97 rifles were single-shot, using the bolt mechanism of the Schmidt–Rubin Model 89/96 rifle. It was to use a reduced-power GP90 7.5×53.5mm cartridge, for cadets. The rifles' sights were graduated both for the light and the standard loads. Approximately 7,900 cadet rifles were made.

Model 1899/1900 short rifle
The model 1899/1900 short rifle was an answer to a call for a short rifle that would replace the unpopular Model 1893 Mannlicher straight pull action carbine. The 99/00 short rifle was meant to be used by artillery and other rear-echelon troops. Design began in February 1900, and production began in 1901 and lasted for 10 years (18,750 were made). It was issued to fortress troops, artillerymen, bicycle troops, and balloon companies. The model 99/00 short rifle can be fitted with Model 1889/92 bayonet and the Model 1906 bayonet. Most of the 99/00 and later 1905 short rifles were converted to model K11 carbines when the GP11 cartridge was adopted; very few unconverted rifles remain.

Schmidt-Rubin 1896/11 rifle
The Schmidt–Rubin 1896/11 rifle, or the Model 96/11, was a Swiss upgrade to the 89/96 rifles they had, to use the more powerful cartridge adopted as the GP11. The GP11 cartridge operated at a higher chamber pressure, which the 89/96 action could easily handle. The model 89/96 rifles were modernized by changing the three-groove rifled barrel to a new 4-groove type, adding a pistol grip to the stock, changing the magazine to the 6-round type used in the 1900 short rifle, and modernizing the sights. This also streamlined the appearance of the rifles. Because more rifles were needed than were available, the model 1911 rifle, with slight changes, was put into production. Almost all of the 127,000-plus model 89/96 rifles were converted to the 96/11 specifications.

Model 1911 rifle
An improvement over the original 1889 version of the Schmidt–Rubin rifle, the Swiss M1911 placed the locking lugs in the middle of the bolt, rather than at the rear, strengthening the action and allowing a more powerful cartridge, the Gewehrpatrone 11 or GP 11 to be used. It is distinguished from the 96/11 rifle by a curved buttplate and by a stock with an integral semi-pistol grip. It uses a graduated tangent sight which begins at 300 meters. The 1911 and 96/11 rifles were made with excellent craftsmanship, and were exceptionally accurate. As Switzerland remained neutral through both world wars, remaining rifles are typically in far better condition than other European rifles of the time.

Model 1911 carbine ("K11")
Support troops, cavalry, and certain other units required a shorter rifle, so the Swiss designed the Model 1911 carbine, smaller and lighter than the rifle, and still very accurate. It became a favorite of the Swiss Army, and its popularity contributed to the design of its successor the K31. Production of the K11 carbine included conversion of the model 1900 and 1905 short rifles to the newer specifications; the earlier short rifles are rarely found in their original state. The K11 rifle and carbine were the last of the Vogelsgang/Rebholz weapons produced.

Other models
Other models include:

 * K31 carbine, a significant later development which was still a straight pull action but much different and improved over the older Schmidt design. Adolf Furrer designed the K31 action.
 * Model 1905 carbine
 * ZfK31/42 and /43
 * Z fK55 sniper rifle

title: Schmidt–Rubin