text:
Talk:Frida (2002 film)

Untitled
There is some content there, so perhaps VFD if you want, but not speedy deletion. Dori | Talk 05:19, Mar 7, 2004 (UTC)

Why was this undeleted without due process? RickK 05:22, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'd say its deletion was without due process. It's a crappy article, but it can be cleaned up, and there is some info there. If it had gone throgh VFD, and I had undeleted it without voting, I think it would have been without due process. Dori | Talk 05:26, Mar 7, 2004 (UTC)

I haven't seen the movie, but Frida was hit by the bus when she was 17 or 18. That's not childhood. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.22.41.151 (talk) 16:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

how crap is this —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.1.76.239 (talk) 19:42, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Frida lifes is an example of a human existence.She fuffers to earn what she has.her art is unique is the reality of the world.Her paintings are like an open book where we could transmit our person to feel  her emotions thru her paintins. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.47.129.78 (talk) 03:00, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

I'd like to add a page about Frida the 80's rock group. What would you guys suggest a fitting title for this page to allow pointers from a disambiguation page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rujholla (talk • contribs) 17:36, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Salma Hayek - painter?
Who can verify this? "Some of the paintings attributed to Kahlo in the film were actually painted by Salma Hayek." i have seen the movie and read numerous books about Frida and all the paintings in the movie are in these books. Can someone just verify exactly which paintings were painted by Salma Hayek? Weili 16:53, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It was on an October 2002 episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show. Salma Hayek told Winfrey she painted a portrait featured in the film and she brought it to the Chicago set.  The painting was the first self-portrait Frida Kahlo paints in the movie.  Need to find source to cite. Light Bulb 10:39, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Rewrite!!
This is a terribly written article and it definitly needs a rewrite. I will try my best but please feel free to help me out!Weili 16:58, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup Tag Removal
I have made several updates to the article that I believe merit the removal of the cleanup tag placed on it. I will continue making improvements and if by Monday no one objects I will take the liberty of removing the tags myself. Light Bulb 05:42, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Frida ashlejudd.jpg
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Strangely biased wording
In the plot summary, it currently states: "When Rivera proposes to Kahlo, she tells him she expects from him loyalty if not fidelity. ... Throughout the marriage, Rivera cheats on her with a wide array of women, while the bisexual Kahlo takes on male and female lovers, including in one case having an affair with the same woman as Rivera." If she did not expect "fidelity", why is his behavior "cheating", especially when hers is "takes on lovers"? Either it's massively biased as written, or there are crucial subtleties which are being glossed over. 130.101.99.110 (talk) 21:53, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

== The Films Farida, Roma and The Platform as an Illustration of the Way Filmmakers Use Movies to Educate the Public About Society Issues Such as Subjective Violence and Discourse as A Tool to Undermine Power Through Žižek' And Michael Foucault' Theories Introduction == Filmmakers play a crucial role in entertaining people and portraying diverse messages concerning society. They use their expertise to entice the public towards dynamics o lie, especially in the political realm. Contemporary society has seen a disparity between leaders and the public based on the power leaders use to lure public participation. Violence has also been a norm in society, and it varies from subjective to objective. The films Farida, Roma, and the Platform depict the way artists use the entertainment industry to educate the public on the dynamics of life. Consequently, while Farida's, Roma, and The Platform's filmmakers intended to entertain their audience, they have a similarity in depicting the subjective and objective violence people experience in society though they differ in representing discourse as a tool that undermines power. Theory Definition The Theory of Violence According to Zizek Zizek analyses different accounts of violence, including subjective and objective, where he provides readers with daily individual activities that facilitate the act. According to the theorist, people pay more attention to the obvious subjective signals of violence (Žižek 1). Such violent actions include civil unrest, crime, terror, and international conflict, which he claims individuals should deviate from according to the theorist. He defines subjective violence as one performed by a clearly identifiable agent that people should disentangle themselves from (Žižek 1). Contrarily, individuals should understand the contours of the background that facilitates violent outbursts. Stepping back and comprehending the background contours is a necessary tool to identify the violence that prevents people from fighting it to promote tolerance (Žižek 1). Subjective violence appears in two forms, according to Zizek through firstly the symbolic one (Žižek 2). Accordingly, the violence is usually embodied in language, and its structure is work in the obvious. The violence involves incitement cases and social domination that is depicted through habitual speeches. Secondly, subjective violence appears in the form of a system through the catastrophic results of the smooth functioning of an economy and political realms (Žižek 2; Gutierrez 6). Contrary to the subjective violence, the objective one is invisible as it sustains zero-level canons against which people identify violence as subjective (Žižek 2). Thus, the author presents readers with well-defined forms of violence that people experience daily. Michael Foucault analyzes power and discourses that assist in understanding social complexities about power. The central concept about the theorist is the notion of discipline as a mechanism o power that regulates people's behaviors in a society (Hamed et al. 2). Consequently, leaders control the organization of space people's activities and time through power in the discipline. The ideology leads to internalized discipline where people behave as if the individuals in power are continually watching (Hamed et al. 2). Accordingly, the individuals conclude that discourse and language are the central elements that constitute the social processes of contemporary society. Foucault concluded that discourse undermines the power and makes resistance possible (Hamed et al. 2). Consequently, discourse is not only a power instrument but also a factor that facilitates resistance among the ruled. Hence, people can use discipline as a resistance technique in efforts to contest against power. Violence evident in the three films The three films perfectly represent both subjective and objective violence, as described by Zizek in his theoretical definition. For example, the Platform illustrates subjective violence through people's struggle or food or instance when Trimagasi eats violently to save himself a sufficient amount before the next mealtime (Netflix 0:40-0:43). One can clearly identify the struggle for food before the Platform moves to the next level. Additionally, Trimagasi tells Goreng that since the individuals at the zero level cannot access the food, they will decrease (Netflix 0:52). Suddenly, a dead body falls, demonstrating subjective violence through the cruelty and crimes of the powerful individual above them (Netflix 0:56- 1:02). Similarly, Roma's movie illustrates objective violence towards Cleo, where the family does not offer her time to rest and blames her when something goes wrong (Barco). The film indicates the invisible standards o violence that people hardly notice (Žižek 2). Frida also depicts subjective violence through the constant conflict between Frida and her husband at home and in the bar (Miramax 0:59-1:00). The couple regularly disagrees since both have multiple partners influencing criminal acts through fights. As such, the three films represent the subjective and objective violence described by Zizek correctly. Power Differences in The Platform, Farida and Roma Movies While The Platform depicts power manifestation by the leaders or people in power, Roma and Farida depict submission and lack of discourse through obedience to the laid expectation from the powerful parties. The Platform illustrates Foucault's philosophy concerning discipline, discourse, power and resistance comprehensively. According to the theorist, discourse undermines the authority and creates room for resistance. Similarly, The Platform demonstrates the way communication can overcome power and create space or change among the oppressed. Goreng frequently finds ways he can transition the system, although he is powerless, and it makes him angry (Netflix 1:04). After struggling or several months while moving from one level to another, he finally finds a person to communicate the same objective with concerning change. He meets Imohuiri, who tells him that if people ate the only food they needed, the meal would reach the lowest level (Netflix 1:06-1: 19). He also finds Baharat, who helps him to move down to level zero to change the way the system worked (Netflix 1:06-1: 19). Goreng manages to transition The Platform's design, where people at the lowest level can access food. Even though he does not possess power, he changes the system through discourse that makes resistance possible. Contrarily, Farida, and Roma illustrate submission to power through discipline, where both Farida and Cleo accept their miserable lives by obeying their masters. In Roma, Cleo diligently performs her duties or the master, which depriver her happiness (Barco). For example, she only has three seconds to sit and watch the television and sits on the floor without question. She does not engage in any conversation with her employer concerning her situation, which renders her disciplined (Barco). Similarly, Frida also illustrates similar behavior towards the end of the film, where she cannot even move from her bed and is consumed by the fire. Accordingly, the Platform depicts the way discourse can undermine power effectively while the other two do not engage in conversation but instead submit to authority. Conclusion Farida, Roma, and The Platform's movies have a similarity in depicting the subjective and objective violence people experience in society though they differ in describing discourse as a tool that undermines power. The three films demonstrate the subjective violence people participate in the struggle for peace, and food, respectively. However, they contrast in depicting discourse as a tool that undermines power, according to Foucault. While The Platform agrees with the theories, Farida and Roma movies contend through submission to the ruling individuals. Thus, the films are a profound indicator that movies are essential not only in entertainment but also in education. As such, people should pay attention to their more profound meaning and act accordingly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maryikigu (talk • contribs) 12:28, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 31 January 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Silikonz 💬  01:31, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

– The film wasn't successful enough to be the primary target. Clarityfiend (talk) 00:45, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Frida → Frida (film)
 * Frida (disambiguation) → Frida
 * Support per nom, particularly given that the name of the film is intended to invoke the name of the more famous painter. BD2412  T 01:55, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support per nom In ictu oculi (talk) 09:43, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=Frida isn't particularly convincing as only 239 out of 21.6k views (~2%) went to the hatnote, but the overall views of topics there and the overall views of given name uses indicate that multiple topics that can be mononymously known as 'Frida' are more popular. It seems reasonable to assume that readers can easily distinguish the film from the name and there's likely no need to short-circuit navigation like this. --Joy (talk) 12:32, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Weak nomination. "The film wasn't successful enough". It made six Oscar nominations, received generally good reviews, and was not a boxoffice failure. What would be succesful enough? I can be convinced this isn't PTOPIC, but I am not convinced by the nomination, since it does not cite anything ... --Quiz shows 12:49, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree the nomination line is a bit of a flamebait. If we look past that, it seems to be an appeal against WP:Recentism. That seems legit - the film's long-term significance as its claim to WP:PTOPIC status should be assessed now that we're past the time it had been novel and intensely popular. --Joy (talk) 13:04, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support per nomination, BD2412 and In ictu oculi. There are 19 entries listed upon the Frida (disambiguation) page, with no indication that the 2002 film continues to manifest a lasting historical impact to the extent of overshadowing the combined notability of the remaining 18 entries. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 22:43, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. No primary topic here. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:43, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Support as I do not think the film is the primary topic, but I agree with Joy that the nomination was poorly phrased and did not present a valid argument. I am still supporting though as I agree with Necrothesp in that this is not the primary topic. Aoba47 (talk) 18:59, 3 February 2023 (UTC)

post-move
Cf. Talk:Frida. --Joy (talk) 13:58, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frida (2002 film)


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File:Asteroi1.png

A screenshot of the game Asteroids.

Fair Use for Asteroids (game)
I believe this videogame screenshot should be considered fair-use because:-

1. It is used solely to improve the article's quality. 2. The image used was created by the uploader and was taken from an emulator. 3. No free-use image for this game exists.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Asteroi1.png


text:
Sanjeev Kumar

Sanjeev Kumar (born Harihar Jethalal Jariwala; 9 July 1938 – 6 November 1985) was an Indian actor. He is well remembered for his versatility and genuine portrayal of his characters. He acted in genres ranging from romantic dramas to thrillers, and was voted the seventh greatest actor of Indian cinema of all time in a poll conducted by Rediff.com. His double role in the film Angoor was listed among the 25 best acting performances of Indian cinema by Forbes India on the occasion of celebrating 100 years of Indian Cinema.

He won several major awards, including two National Film Awards for Best Actor for his performances in the movies Dastak (1970) and Koshish (1972). Kumar did not mind playing roles that were non-glamorous, such as characters well beyond his age. Movies such as iconic character Thakur in Sholay (1975) Arjun Pandit (1976) and Trishul (1978), along with the remakes of Tamil films into Hindi such as Khilona (1970), Naya Din Nai Raat (1974), Yehi Hai Zindagi (1977), Devata (1978) and Ram Tere Kitne Naam (1985) exemplify his versatility. He also did suspense-thriller films such as Shikar (1968), Uljhan (1975) and Trishna (1978) and Qatl (1986), Kumar also proved himself to do comedy in films such as Manchali (1973), Pati Patni Aur Woh (1978), Biwi-O-Biwi (1981) Angoor (1982) and Hero (1983).

Early life and background
Sanjeev Kumar was born as Harihar Jethalal Jariwala (also referred to as Haribhai) on 9 July 1938 in Surat to a Gujarati Brahmin family, he came to Mumbai when he was very young. A stint in a film school led him to Bollywood, where he eventually became an accomplished actor. He is widely acclaimed by the critics and general public alike to be one of the all-time greatest actors that Indian Cinema has ever produced. Kumar had two younger brothers and one sister. He spoke Gujarati, Hindi and English fluently.

Career
Kumar started his acting career as a stage actor, starting with IPTA in Bombay and later joining the Indian National Theatre. Even as a stage actor, he had a penchant for playing older roles; at age 22, he played an old man in an adaptation of Arthur Miller's All My Sons. In the following year, in the play Damru directed by A.K. Hangal, he again played the role of a 60-year-old with six children.

He made his film debut with a small role in Hum Hindustani in 1960. His first film as a protagonist was in Nishan (1965). In 1968, he acted alongside the famous actor of that time, Dilip Kumar, in Sangharsh. He also starred opposite Shammi Kapoor and Sadhana in the superhit film Sachaai (1969).

He starred in the 1966 Gujarati film Kalapi, which was based on the poet Kalapi's life, with him playing the title role, Padmarani playing the role of his wife, Rama, and Aruna Irani as the love interest. The film was directed by Manhar Raskapur. Later Aruna Irani was paired opposite Sanjeev in another Gujarati film, Mare Javun Pele Par (1968).

In 1970, the movie Khilona, which was the remake of Gujarati film Mare Javun Pele Paar (1968), brought Kumar national recognition. In 1972, he played in an Indo-Iranian film, Subah-O-Shaam. This was when the director Gulzar first spotted him. Later he cast Kumar in the roles of older men in 4 films Parichay (1972), Koshish (1973), Aandhi (1975) and Mausam (1975). Gulzar cast Kumar in role of young man in the films Angoor (1981) and Namkeen (1982). Kumar won the BFJA Awards for Best Actor (Hindi) for his exemplary portrayal of a deaf and mute person in Koshish, in which the female lead was played by Jaya Bhaduri, who acted as his deaf and mute wife and was herself nominated for Best Actor award by Filmfare for the same role. He went on to star in the box office hits Seeta Aur Geeta (1972), Manchali (1973) and Aap Ki Kasam (1974). In 1973, he made a guest appearance during a song in a Tamil movie, Bharatha Vilas (1973). He performed in nine movies directed by Gulzar. Hrishikesh Mukherjee directed him in Arjun Pandit, for which he won the Filmfare Best Actor Award.

He did three films opposite famous Tamil actress L. Vijayalakshmi, including Husn Aur Ishq and Badal which became hits. Their first film was Alibaba Aur 40 Chor which was unsuccessful. His Raja Aur Runk, released in 1968, was a great success. He did Kangan, Rivaaj, Zindagi, Be-Reham, Archana and Do Ladkiyan opposite Mala Sinha. He did Priya, Anubhav, Gustaaki Maaf, Bachpan and Khud-Daar with Tanuja. He was paired with Raakhee in Angaare, Paras, Trishna, Shriman Shrimati and Hamare Tumhare. His hits with Leena Chandavarkar included Apne Rang Hazar, Manchali and Anhonee. He was paired regularly with Sulakshana Pandit in films such as Uljhan and Waqt Ki Deewar and with Moushumi Chatterjee in Itni Si Baat and Daasi.

The producers and directors of the South wanted to remake their Tamil and Telugu films in Hindi with either Kumar or Rajesh Khanna in lead. It was these Hindi film remakes that elevated him to a great actor. Khilona and its Tamil version Engirundho Vandhaal were made simultaneously. Navarathri was remade as Naya Din Nai Raat. Kumar reprised the role played by Thengai Srinivasan in Yehi Hai Zindagi which was a remake of Kaliyuga Kannan. He starred as the lead Shaandaar (1974) which was a remake of Kasturi Nivasa with Kannada actor Dr. Rajkumar in the lead. Kumar enacted the role played by AVM Rajan in Anadhai Aanandhan, in its Hindi version Chanda Aur Bijli. Gnana Oli was remade as Devata in 1978 with Kumar reprising the role originally played by Sivaji Ganesan. He also acted in Swarg Narak (1978) the remake of Swargam Narakam. He played the role which N.T. Rama Rao did originally in Devina Chesina Manushulu, in its Hindi version Takkar in 1980. Tayaramma Bangarayya was remade as Shriman Shrimati in 1982, Raman Ethanai Ramanadi was remade as Raam Kitne Tere Naam in 1985. Kumar reprised the role played by R.Muthuraman in Alukuoru Aasai in its Hindi remake Itni Si Baat in 1981. Sivaji Ganesan gave Kumar a role in his own home production Gauri (1968), which was a remake of Shanti (1965). The role played by S.S. Rajendran in Shanti was re-enacted by Kumar in Gauri.

Northern Indian producers and directors cast Sanjeev Kumar primarily in supporting roles in films like Khud-Daar, Sawaal, Zabardast, Hero, and Silsila. Sanjeev Kumar's excellent comic timing entertained audiences in films such as Seeta Aur Geeta, Biwi O Biwi (1981), Pati, Patni Aur Woh, Angoor (1982) and Hero (1983).

His performances in films such as Charitraheen, Grihapravesh, Chehre Pe Chehra, Suraag, Sawaal and Yaadgaar were appreciated by critics. Kumar always demonstrated a willingness to take on unconventional roles that challenged him as an actor. His role as Mirza Sajjad Ali, a chess-obsessed Lucknowi (citizen of Lucknow), in Satyajit Ray's classic Shatranj Ke Khilari (1977) exemplified that aspect. Perhaps his best-remembered roles were in the blockbuster films Sholay (1975) and Trishul (1978). His portrayal of the character Thakur, from Sholay was one of his stellar performances. In Naya Din Nayi Raat (1974), Sanjeev Kumar reprised nine-roles. This film enhanced his status and reputation as a serious player in Bollywood. He stood his ground against leading superstars such as Rajesh Khanna in Aap Ki Kasam; Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor in the Yash Chopra multi-star cast film Trishul (1978) and Dilip Kumar in Sangharsh and Vidhaata (1982).

He has done many regional films in different languages including Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Sindhi and his mother tongue Gujarati. In 1980, he starred in the Punjabi movie Fauji Chacha. He has made guest appearances in two Tamil films, Bharata Vilas and Uyarndhavargal (a remake of Koshish).

Personal life
Kumar remained single all his life. He had proposed to Hema Malini in 1973 and they remained in touch thereafter. Sulakshana Pandit later recounted having been in love with him and having proposed marriage to him which he politely declined. It is speculated as a result of this rejection, Sulakshana Pandit chose to remain unmarried.

Health problems and death
After his first heart attack, he underwent a bypass in the U.S. However, on 6 November 1985, at the age of 47, he suffered a massive heart attack, which resulted in his death. His younger brother Nikul died before him, while his other brother Kishore died six months later.

More than ten movies starring Sanjeev Kumar were released after his death, with the last one, Professor Ki Padosan, released in 1993. At the time of his death, only about three-fourths of this movie was complete, and it was eventually decided to alter the story line in the second half to explain the absence of Kumar's character.

Other awards

 * 1969 – Naval Stars Awards, Shanoo Varun Trophy by S.M. Nanda
 * 1971 – Surat Jilla Leuva Patidar Gnyati.
 * 1975 – Cinegoers Council (Delhi) Film Awards
 * 1976 – Lion Club of North Calcutta Actor of the year for Mausam
 * 1984 – Maratha Seva Sangh Dist Khed
 * Best Actor (Stage) for the Gujarati play Koi no Ladakh Vayo
 * Kalashri Art & Network "Lifetime Achievement Millenium 2000 Award" at Surat
 * 18th National Award "Bharat Puraskar" by Information & Broadcast State Minister Mrs Nandini Satapthi at Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai)
 * Army Officers Voice Association Trophy
 * Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist Award
 * Chitralok Cine Serjak Award (Ahmedabad)

Government recognition
A road has been named after him in Surat, Gujarat as Sanjeev Kumar Marg, which was inaugurated by Sunil Dutt.

A school has been named after him in his home town Surat, Gujarat, and was inaugurated by the then Mayor Kadir K. Pirzada.

A postage stamp was released by India Post to honour him on 3 May 2013.

An auditorium, named Sanjeev Kumar Auditorium built by the Surat Municipal Corporation at the cost of 108cr, was opened in his home town Surat. It was inaugurated on 14 February 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modiji. https://www.narendramodi.in/sanjeev-kumar-auditorium-in-surat

Philanthropy
The Sanjeev Kumar Foundation is a national level development organisation (NGO) directly benefiting children and their families every year, mainly focusing on education, healthcare, environment, culture and nutrition. From 2015 onwards the foundation has also been the sponsor of the annual Sanjeev Kumar Drama Competition held by the Surat Municipal Corporation. The awards and cash prizes are given in memory of Sanjeev Kumar to the best actor, actress, director and backstage technician every year.

title: Sanjeev Kumar


text:
HMS Detroit (1813)

HMS Detroit was a 20-gun sloop of the Royal Navy, launched in July 1813 and serving on Lake Erie during the War of 1812. She was the most powerful British ship in the Lake Erie squadron until the Americans captured her during the Battle of Lake Erie on 10 September 1813. Detroit was commissioned into the United States Navy as its first USS Detroit. However, she was so damaged that the sloop took no further part in the war. Postwar, Detroit was sunk for preservation at Misery Bay off Presque Isle until 1833, when she was refloated and converted for commercial service. In 1841, Detroit was reduced to a hulk at Buffalo, New York, where she was purchased with the intent of sending her over Niagara Falls. The plan went awry and Detroit ran aground on a shoal before the falls and broke up.

Design and description
In November 1812, the British learned of the American plan to gain mastery over the upper Great Lakes. In response, the British ordered the construction of a new vessel at Amherstburg Royal Naval Dockyard in Amherstburg, Upper Canada. The design of the vessel was a repeat of Queen Charlotte, which itself was based on the ocean-going Cruizer-class brig-sloop sloops. The design was modified by Master Shipwright William Bell for service on the Great Lakes.

The ship measured 305 tons burthen (bm) and was 92 ft long between perpendiculars with a beam of 26 ft, a depth of hold of 11 ft and a draught of 12 ft. After capture by the Americans in 1813, the dimensions of Detroit were reported as 126 ft long with a beam of 28 ft and a draught of 12 ft, but this has been discredited as an attempt by Jesse Elliott to claim larger ships to receive larger payouts from the prize courts as it produced disproportionate measurements. The Americans give the displacement of the vessel as 400 LT.

No design drawings remain, though from contemporary art, Detroit was seen to have a flush, corvette-style upper deck, pierced for 20 guns. The ship was designed to be armed with four 12 pdr long guns and sixteen 24 pdr carronades. However, due to the inability of the British to resupply Amherstburg during the War of 1812, the sloop of was armed with a mix of guns taken from other ships in the Lake Erie squadron and from Fort Malden. The hodgepodge armament was composed of one 24-pounder carronade, one 18 pdr carronade, two 24-pounder long guns, one 18-pounder long gun on a pivot, six 12 pdr long guns and eight 9 pdr long guns. At the Battle of Lake Erie, the ship had a company of 150.

Construction and career
Construction of Detroit began in January 1813, however delays began almost immediately as William Bell complained that he did not have enough shipwrights. The construction placed further burdens on British supply lines, with the vessel requiring 1500 ft of oak timber, 200 oak knees and over 7000 ft of pine timber and boards. Furthermore, there was shortages of fabric for sails, bolts, sheaves and deadeyes. Reinforced by shipwrights sent from Kingston, Upper Canada, planking of the sloop began in April. However, this was soon interrupted when Brigadier General Henry Procter ordered the shipwrights to concentrate their efforts on the construction of gunboats for the army.

On 27 April 1813, the guns meant for Detroit were captured at the battle of York. Commander Robert Barclay of the Royal Navy arrived in June to take command of the Lake Erie squadron. In June and July, Barclay and the Lake Erie squadron made several voyages to Long Point to await reinforcements and stores meant for Detroit. Barclay's American counterpart, Oliver Hazard Perry was also constructing newer, more powerful ships at Put-in-Bay and these were completed before Detroit became operational. Barclay was forced to retreat to Amherstburg to await Detroit's completion. In the meantime, the Perry blockaded Long Point, preventing further supplies from reaching Amherstburg.

As the situation at Amherstburg became untenable, Procter and Barclay agreed that Barclay would have to challenge Perry's American squadron. Detroit launched in mid-July and was commissioned into the Royal Navy in August as Barclay's flagship. Without the guns that were captured at York, Barclay was forced to arm Detroit with a mix of guns pulled from other vessels in the squadron and Fort Malden. The guns themselves were not in optimal condition, as they lacked flintlocks and required alternative and less dependable means for firing them. For sails, a spare set from Queen Charlotte was used. Furthermore, there was a lack of sailors in the squadron, with crews being filled out with soldiers from Procter's army.

Battle of Lake Erie
Barclay and his squadron set sail from Amherstburg on 9 September 1813 intending to bring the American squadron to battle. The two forces met on 10 September, and Detroit which was second in Barclay's line of battle, squared up with Perry's flagship USS Lawrence (1813). Detroit began that battle with a single shot from its 24-pounder long gun directed at Lawrence. It missed, but Detroit's second shot hit. Lawrence and the schooners USS Ariel (1813) and USS Scorpion (1813) engaged Detroit, with Lawrence exchanging broadsides with Detroit. Queen Charlotte moved up the battle line and added her guns to Detroit's in battering Lawrence, eventually knocking the American ship out of the battle. This forced Perry to shift his command to USS Niagara (1813).

By this point Barclay had been injured and command of Detroit had passed to Lieutenant George Inglis. After Perry had shifted to Niagara, he moved the vessel up the American battle line, and closer to Detroit in order to engage the British flagship. Detroit began firing at Niagara, but by this point was heavily damaged and the crew tired, unlike Niagara which had to this point, barely taken part in the battle. Niagara moved to pass in front of Detroit's bow in order to rake the British ship. Queen Charlotte, to this point unable to engage Niagara, attempted to get into a position to attack the American vessel. However, in doing so, became entangled in Detroit's yardarms, locking the two vessels together and immobilising them. Niagara continued to fire on the two British ships while they tried to disentangle themselves, causing considerable damage. After untangling, Queen Charlotte struck her colours, followed by Detroit and the rest of the British squadron.

American service
The British prizes were taken to Put-in-Bay and laid up to prevent the ship from sinking. The Americans used their prizes Detroit and Queen Charlotte as hospital ships. A gale swept the lake on 13 September and dismasted both, further damaging the already battered ships. Once the wounded had been ferried to Erie, Pennsylvania, the two British ships were effectively reduced to hulks. In May 1814 USS Ohio (1812) assisted in fitting out prizes Detroit and Queen Charlotte at Put-in Bay, and convoyed them to Erie in November. There the vessels were used as receiving ships for the rest of the war.

Following ratification of the Treaty of Ghent in 1815, the Americans submerged Detroit at Misery Bay off Presque Isle Bay in order to preserve the ship. In 1816 the Rush-Bagot Treaty, which demilitarized the Great Lakes, came into effect; the treaty limited each nation to two warships on the upper Great Lakes. On 8 August 1825 the US government closed the Lake Erie station and sold the submerged Detroit and other vessels to the merchant Benjamin H. Brown of Rochester, New York. He did nothing with them until 20 June 1836 when he sold them to George Miles of Erie. Miles raised Detroit and fitted the vessel out as a trading barque. She worked on the Great Lakes until 1841, when she was laid up at Buffalo, New York, as a hulk.

Fate
A group of merchants purchased the hulk in September 1841, intending to create a spectacle at Niagara Falls. They had her re-rigged to sail and set her loose atop Niagara Falls hoping that she would go over the falls to smash at their base. However, Detroit ran aground on a shoal before reaching the falls. Detroit eventually broke up on site.

title: HMS Detroit (1813)


text:
George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign

The 2004 presidential campaign of George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, announced his candidacy for re-election as president on May 16, 2003. On September 2, 2004, he again became the nominee of the Republican Party for the 2004 presidential election. Along with his running mate, Vice President Dick Cheney, President George W. Bush was opposed in the general election by U.S. Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts, minor candidates from other parties. The election took place on Tuesday, November 2, 2004.

George W. Bush's chief political strategist was Karl Rove, who had the title Senior Advisor to the President. Mark McKinnon was the chief communications strategist. He was later joined in August 2004 by Karen Hughes, a former Bush advisor who returned after some time away. His campaign manager was Ken Mehlman.

2004 primary campaign
President Bush formally filed with the FEC on May 16, 2003. As he was virtually unopposed, he did no campaigning during the primary season.

On March 10, 2004, Bush clinched the number of delegates require for the nomination, 1608 Delegates 168 Super delegates.

Vice Presidential choices
In May 2003, Vice President Dick Cheney told reporters that "The president has asked me if I would serve again as his running mate. I've agreed to do that." In early 2004, with Bush expected to face a difficult re-election campaign, political commentators openly discussed the possibility that Cheney might be dropped from the ticket due to his "personal baggage". Such concern derived particularly from allegations that Cheney had lied about the rationale for the Iraq War, and that his former company Halliburton had profited inappropriately from that war. Some analysts even floated the idea that Cheney – who had previously suffered four heart attacks – might step down on his own for health reasons.

Among those viewed as strong contenders for his replacement were: Bill Frist, the Senate Majority Leader; Rudy Giuliani, the former Mayor of New York City; George Pataki, the Governor of New York; Rob Portman, congressman of Ohio; Bill Owens, the Governor of Colorado; and Tom Ridge, the Secretary of Homeland Security. In July, former Senator Al D'Amato, Republican of New York, publicly stated that Bush should replace Cheney, and suggested Secretary of State Colin Powell or Arizona Senator John McCain as potential choices. Going into the Republican National Convention at the end of August, many delegates still entertained the notion of a new vice president, with Powell and Giuliani leading in a preference poll. Despite the speculation, Bush publicly maintained his support for Cheney, who accepted the party's formal nomination on September 1.

Convention and nomination
Bush gave many promises during his acceptance speech to the 2004 Republican National Convention. At the end of his speech, he encouraged listeners to view his website in order to learn more about his agenda if he wins his next presidential term. His speech promises include the following which his campaign is called "A Plan for A Safer World & More Hopeful America":

 * Rewrite and simplification of Tax Code
 * Creation of "Opportunity zones" to encourage companies to move into areas where companies closed
 * Allowing and encouraging small businesses to join to negotiate for health care
 * Establishment of health centers in every poor or rural county in the country that does not have one
 * Promoting flexible schedules to make companies family friendly
 * More funding for local and community colleges
 * Creating personal social security account options to allow social security to be self managed for younger workers

As a result of Bush's speech in NYC, the incumbent president was able to get a significant bounce in the polls. The day after the convention was finished, the polls showed Bush with a double-digit lead over John Kerry, although when the poll asked about the economy both candidates were still in a dead heat.

Abortion
Bush expressed opinions in agreement with the "pro-life" movement.

Community aid
Bush established the White House Office of Faith Based and Community Initiatives, which allowed the federal government to fund community aid programs that were provided by a religious institution. He proposed a youth mentoring program for disadvantaged students and children of prisoners.

Economy
Bush supported making the tax cuts passed during his first term permanent; he maintained that the tax cuts made the recent recession shallower and shorter than it would otherwise have been.

He supported job creation, by tax loopholes to invest in more higher job creation to "state and local control" than the federal government.

Health care
Bush's proposals for expanding health care coverage were more modest than those advanced by Senator Kerry. Several estimates were made comparing the cost and impact of the Bush and Kerry proposals. While the estimates varied, they all indicated that the increase in coverage and the funding requirements of the Bush plan would both be lower than those of the more comprehensive Kerry plan.

Education
Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act, which requires mandatory standardized testing, forces schools that do not meet standards to provide alternate options for students, and stated the aim of closing the race and gender gap in schools. His FY 2005 budget proposed a 1% increase in elementary and secondary education compared to the FY 2001 budget.

Environment
Bush's Clear Skies Act repealed or reduced air pollution controls, including environmental protections of the Clean Air Act. His FY 2005 budget provided $4.4 billion for conservation programs. He signed legislation pushing for the cleanup of abandoned industrial sites (also known as brownfields) and keeping forest fires at bay. He fell under criticism for rejecting the Kyoto Protocol which would commit the United States to reducing greenhouse gas emissions which are believed by much of the relevant science community to cause global warming. The Bush administration stated that this would cost the economy up to ?.

Homeland security
After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act and created the Department of Homeland Security. He also created the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC) and the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC). He then promoted the idea of an independent "Czar of Intelligence" outside of the White House in response to the 9/11 Commission's findings.

Same-sex marriage and gay rights
Bush has expressed support for "protecting the sanctity of marriage." He endorsed the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed constitutional amendment that would define marriage for all of the states as strictly heterosexual. Late in the 2004 campaign, however, he said that the states should be allowed to "enable people to you know, be able to have rights, like others", though marriage would not be among them. Activists on both sides of the issue took this comment as endorsing civil unions.

National security and foreign policy
President Bush submitted his National Security Strategy of the United States; the "three pillars" of this are to:
 * Defend the peace by working against terrorists and terrorist-tolerating regimes.
 * Preserve the peace by maintaining relations with allies and reaching out to nations to combat terrorism.
 * Extend the peace by spreading democracy and human rights across the globe.

Afghanistan
Supported continued American involvement in Afghanistan. Believed President Hamid Karzai to be beneficial to Afghanistan's progress.

Libya
In a series of negotiations which involved Libya, Britain, and the United States, Libya turned over materials relevant to the production of nuclear weapons.

Iraq
Supported the continuation of American military presence in Iraq. Promoted the goal of democratic elections by January 2005 as integral to the nation's democratic reform. Bush ran as the war president.

Saudi Arabia
Bush advocated pressure on the Saudi Royal Family to more directly combat terrorism and to seize the assets of terrorists operating within their borders.

Military service controversy
In previous campaigns, Bush had been criticized for his military service record. He skipped over a long waiting list to receive a spot in the Air National Guard; once he was in the Guard, it has been alleged he did not complete all his required duties. These long-standing charges were given more attention in the 2004 campaign because of the contrast with Kerry's record as a decorated combat veteran of the Vietnam War.

A group of Bush supporters countered with an advertising campaign arguing that some of Kerry's medals had been undeserved (see John Kerry military service controversy). The subject was further highlighted when CBS News released memos purportedly from Bush's commanding officer in the Guard. The memos added some unflattering details about Bush's Guard service. Almost immediately, however, widespread doubts were raised about their authenticity. CBS News eventually concluded that it could not validate them and that it should not have used them. The incident may have ended up helping Bush by creating doubts about the legitimacy of his detractors.

Television advertising: 9/11
Bush's campaign launched its first major set of television commercials on March 3, 2004. Although these four spots (three in English and one in Spanish) contained no reference to Senator Kerry, two (one in English and the one in Spanish, both titled, "Safer, Stronger") generated controversy for their inclusion of four seconds of images drawn from the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, including the wreckage of the World Trade Center site, images of New York firefighters (the New York firefighters' union supported Kerry), and the image of a flag-draped coffin being carried out of the attack site.

Some families of 9/11 victims accused the Bush campaign of being insensitive to the memory of those who died and of exploiting the tragedy for his personal political gain. Bush campaign advisor Karen Hughes defended the ads as "very tasteful" and noted that 9/11 was a defining event for Bush's presidency.

The main topic of this heated discussion is the use of actual images of the attack. The use of images from the attack, said Governor of Pennsylvania Ed Rendell, a Democrat, on Face the Nation, implies support from New York firefighters. Rendell claims that a New York firefighters union head supports Kerry for President. But although the International Association of Firefighters was the first union to support Kerry, the Uniformed Firefighters Association of Greater New York endorsed the President for re-election in August 2004.

Defenders of the Bush messages liken his messages to those of Franklin D. Roosevelt's re-election campaign, which used images of the December 7 attack by Japan on the United States and advised Americans to "Remember Pearl Harbor."

Endorsements
George W. Bush received endorsements from many Republicans, Democratic Senator Zell Miller of Georgia and former 12-year mayor of New York City Ed Koch. The Uniformed Firefighters Association of Greater New York, representing 20,000 active and retired firefighters, endorsed the President on August 31, 2004. On September 22, 2004, the Abe Lincoln Black Republican Caucus, a political organization of gay African American Republicans, voted in a special call meeting in Dallas, Texas, to endorse President George W. Bush for re-election.

Actors and Actresses
 * Stephen Baldwin
 * Ernest Borgnine
 * Dean Cain
 * Robert Davi
 * Doris Day
 * Robert Duvall
 * Kelsey Grammer
 * Angie Harmon
 * Patricia Heaton
 * Charlton Heston
 * Chuck Norris
 * Jerry Lewis
 * Dolph Lundgren
 * Burt Reynolds
 * Jane Russell
 * Tom Selleck
 * Gary Sinise
 * Kevin Sorbo
 * Arnold Schwarzenegger was currently governor of California at the time.
 * Jon Voight
 * Bruce Willis
 * James Woods

Musicians
 * Clint Black
 * Pat Boone
 * Brooks and Dunn
 * Alice Cooper
 * Billy Ray Cyrus
 * Gatlin Brothers
 * Toby Keith
 * Martina McBride
 * Reba McEntire
 * Wayne Newton
 * Kid Rock
 * Ricky Skaggs
 * Britney Spears
 * Randy Travis
 * Travis Tritt
 * Hank Williams Jr.
 * Lee Ann Womack

Politicians

 * Zell Miller, governor of Georgia (1991-1999)

Other

 * Bill Gates

Slogan
Bush's campaign never officially announced a campaign slogan. However, Bush's campaign made several bus tours bearing de facto slogans. These include the "Yes, America Can" Bus Tour and the "Heart and Soul" Bus Tour, which used the slogan "Moving America Forward". The 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City featured the slogan "A Safer World and More Hopeful America".

Debates
On September 20, the Bush campaign and the Kerry campaign jointly released a memorandum of understanding between the two campaigns. The 32-page MOU covered in minute detail many aspects of the staging and format for the presidential and vice-presidential debates.

On September 30, Bush debated Kerry at University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida in the first of three scheduled debates. Polls conducted immediately following the debate suggests that a majority of undecided voters believe that, while neither candidate committed any serious gaffes, Kerry fared better than Bush did.

A second debate, in "town hall" format, was held on October 8 at Washington University in St. Louis with Charles Gibson moderating. Bush later attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

The final debate occurred on October 13 at Arizona State University and was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News.

The only vice presidential debate between Vice President Dick Cheney and Senator John Edwards happened on October 5 at Case Western Reserve University. It was moderated by Gwen Ifill of the Public Broadcasting Service.

Features of the campaign
The foundation of Bush's campaign for re-election was ideological conservatism. Members of the campaign team believe there are clear ideological differences between George W. Bush and John Kerry, and believe this contrasts with the 2000 Presidential election, in which both candidates attempted to portray themselves as "centrists". Critics have argued that the crux of Bush's campaign was the suggestion that John Kerry would be soft on terrorism in comparison to George Bush, and to present Bush as a "war President". They also claim that the Bush campaign is concerned mainly with personalities rather than tackling ideological issues.

Much of the opposition to the Bush campaign (and vis-a-vis support to the Kerry campaign) took the form of "Anybody but Bush" - voters who would vote for anyone else.

Campaign visits
Not since the 1972 presidential election had Minnesota been an important Battleground Swing State as it was in 2004. As a result, President George W. Bush made 8 unprecedented campaign visits to Minnesota. On April 26, 2004, he made a first time presidential campaign visit to Edina, Minnesota during which Congressmen Jim Ramstad presented The President with the book “Lest We Forget” by John C. Martin, a U.S. Civil War veteran and Department Commander of the G.A.R. The National Daughters of the Grand Army first presented the book to President Coolidge on August 3, 1928.

Election and victory

The election took place on November 2, 2004, and ended with Bush gaining 286 electoral votes and Kerry garnering 251 electoral votes. Ironically, one vote went to Kerry's running mate and former presidential candidate, John Edwards, when one of the electors (pledged to Kerry) voted for John Edwards by mistake. This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had voted the same person for president and vice-president. As President Bush's running mate, Vice President Dick Cheney received 286 votes and John Edwards received 252.

The key state that both candidates needed was Ohio. Ohio had 20 electoral votes, which were essential for either candidate to surpass the necessary 270 electoral votes to win the overall election and determined which candidate won the election. Ohio was reporting its results, but had not counted provisional ballots. In Ohio, Kerry trailed by 136,000 votes (not including provisional ballots). The chances of Kerry gaining the necessary votes through provisional ballots was slim.

Around 2:00 p.m. EST on November 3, 2004, John Kerry made a speech at Faneuil Hall, Boston. In this speech, he announced that he "cannot win this election." One hour later, George W. Bush declared that "America has spoken" and they had made a "historic victory." He said to Kerry supporters, "To make this nation stronger and better, I will need your support, and I will work to earn it."

With 286 electoral votes, President George W. Bush won the 2004 Presidential Election. Bush received over 62 million popular votes and Kerry received over 59 million votes.


text:
Pinus amamiana

Pinus amamiana (Amami pine, Yakushima white pine ) is a species of pine. It is a native of southern Japan, on the islands of Yakushima and Tanegashima south of Kyūshū. It has also been grown horticulturally in Japanese parks. This pine can grow to a height of 25 m with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m.

The needles grow in bundles of five and the cones are 5–8 cm in length.

This tree is known in Japanese as amami-goyōmatsu, amami-goyō, and yakutane-goyō.

title: Pinus amamiana


text:
Talk:Heydar Aliyev

Comment
I noticed that this page is repeating a number of details that the Sobaka dossier says were manufactured by Aliyev, and aren't true.

Specifically, the claims that are disputed are: Birthplace: Sobaka says he was born in Armenia. Birth year: Sobaka says he tried to shave three years off his age. College education: Our page says he took a degree in history at Azerbaijan State University in Baku. The Sobaka dossier notes this claim and says that he was actually attending the Ministry of State Security Academy, and that Putin dug out the truth about this in 2001.

I consider Sobaka fairly reliable, but I can't find anything else on the web to confirm these claims. Can someone tell me their sources for the original information? If it was taken from Heydar's old official website, then it would seem that we're just echoing his attempts to rewrite his own past. Isomorphic 05:27, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Update: I did find this page, which mentions Aliyev and says he was born in Armenia. It's on the website of the Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Isomorphic 05:43, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Reputation
Something might be made of Aliyev's almost hero-like reputation within Azerbaijan today, at least officially. As well as being regarded by many as a crook, he is also the man who "brought Azerbaijan to the West", and is pictured all over the country in banners, in calendars on school walls. Small shrines dedicated to Heydar Aliyev can be found in most public buildings. That is, many Azeris would call this article unfairly biased, and would be quite offended at its content. I might add some if I have time about this subject, but wondered what other editors think. It would be nice to give a less completely negative image of a man seen as the father of Azerbaijan by many Azeris. --Jacobolus 09:36, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * My impression is that he has a glowing reputation in Azerbaijan partly because he manufactured himself a glowing reputation. History suggests that this is not hard to do when you personally control a country's government. Aliyev may not have reached the level of a Kim Jong Il or a Saparmurad Niyazov, but "small shrines to him can be found in most public buildings" sounds like classic cult-of-personality style leadership.
 * That said, I agree that the current article focuses a bit much on the negative. More on the positive aspects of his rule would be welcomed. When discussing leaders like Aliyev, I also think it's important that a leader should be judged in comparison with other third-world leaders, not by developed Western standards. Isomorphic 20:18, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Well I do not see how this article is offending, despite feeble attempts at cult of personality there remains in Azerbaijan a strong apathy about Aliev and his ruling elite. There is no outright condemnation from the majoiry (there is a minority of vocal opposition) but to say that he achieved a cult-like status is ridiculous. Most just accept him as a necessary nuisance. Abdulnr 22:02, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
I thought Wikipedia convention was to use the name most commonly seen in English. Introducing a foreign letter isn't appropriate unless that letter is also used when writing the name in an English-language context. Isomorphic 05:27, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The article title should be written in English, I think, otherwise people who don’t speak Azeri would not know how to spell it correctly. Grandmaster 05:49, 21 April 2006 (UTC)
 * About this subject, you can read Talk:İlham Əliyev. Švitrigaila 11:40, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Heydər Əliyev died in Cleveland?
I never knew that, actually. Then again, the Cleveland Clinic is known for its superior medical services, so why am I not surprised... -- Clevelander 02:08, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Religious views
"Əliyev thus became the first Muslim full member of the Politburo." I really doubt the factual basis for this sentence. As there is also no lack of former high members of the Communist Party who turned out to be devote Orthodox Christians later, the claim to be "first" this or that needs factual evidence about one's beliefs from the time before the fall of USSR to be taken seriously. Then again, everything is possible. Claims that have high propagandistic value are not necessarily untrue, they just need hard evidence before being spread. --Oop 22:58, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, but this awkward sentence has a sense. It means Əliyev was the first member from a "nationality" of traditionnaly Muslim people. And I wonder if it's really the truth. There was Mikhail Frunze from Kyrgystan before him, but Frunze was not a true Kyrgyz, he was of Romanian descent. Can someone find other examples? Švitrigaila 23:20, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

 * He indeed was the first an only ethnic Muslim to be the member of Politburo. Frunze was not Kyrgyz, and there were no other Muslims in Politburo. Grandmaster 04:30, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Saying that someone is "ethnic Muslim" is totally ridicilous. As far as I know, Əliyev was leader of some atheist organization in the CCCP. Later he "found" religion to be a unifying power for Azeris but that shouldn't have anything to do with hos Politbyro time.. I think this should be simply removed.

Karabag War
It is simply propaganda to accuse Əliyev of Mountain-Karabag-war. Especially this chapter must be removed totally:

"He also tried but failed to resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis, attempting a military solution in December 1993 that eventually resulted in 16% of Azerbaijani territories under occupation of Armenia and an estimated 30,000 deaths and the displacement of a further 750,000 Azeris. The issue remains unresolved, with Armenian rule continuing in Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan still hosting several hundred thousand refugees."

Although it is true that Azeris tried to counterattack Armenian advances but still blaming Əliyev for whole war and 30 000 deaths is ridiculous. From text you could also think that 30 000 Azeris died because of this attack and 750 000 had to leave their homes. 750 000 is maybe right during the whole war, but 30 000 dead were a result of whole war, not this attack. This 30 000 includes both Armenians and Azeris.

There should also be a note that he became president mainly because of the unstability caused by losing of war.

Edit:typos

Olli J.

 * Agree, the claim is ridiculous. He tried to stop Armenian advances into Azerbaijan's territory, but since the country was in the state of civil war, did not much succeed in that. Only Horadiz was regained. The paragraph above should definately be revised, 30 000 deaths and 750 000 were the result of years of war. Grandmaster 07:26, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Additional info
I have created a subpage of mine regarding Heydar Aliyev and have added missing brief info about Aliyev's career in the KGB and his ties with the Azeri mafia which I am proposing we add to the article. I also included a section, "Honors", including the numerous awards and decorations Aliyev has won in his life. Here is the link. Any comments? - Fedayee 20:54, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Rating
There is good basic information here, but detail is lacking, especially his youth and early career. Also, lack of citations hurts this article. ludahai 魯大海 14:36, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

POV and OR
I added POV and OR tags to section titled KGB and leader of Azerbaijan SSR. Calling someone connected to mafia, just because he was a head of Azerbaijani KGB and Azerbaijan SSR, based on the book by Edmond Azadian, an Armenian author, falls short of any neutrality. The section seems to be only referencing 3 sources repetitively, clearly aimed at character assassination rather than describing the career of the person from a neutral point of view. Other original research sentences, repetitively claim that he was connected to some "mafia". Please, discuss the material in detail, prior to edits in an encyclopedic manner. Thanks. Atabek 11:32, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * And further proof that Edmond Azadian is a POV writer:, who has no knowledge of the issue, claiming "Indeed the occupation of Armenian village of Kerky on the Nakhchivan border introduces a new dimension in the conflict". The village of Karki (Azerbaijan) was actually an Azerbaijani-populated exclave of Nakhchivan, which is currently under control of Armenian forces since 1992. Atabek 14:47, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

I agree, Azadian cannot be considered a reliable source. All the references to it should be removed. And indeed, this section reminds yellow press rather than encyclopedic article. Needs to be fixed. Grandmaster 18:44, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
 * What is your problem with the other two sources that you are labelling the section "yellow press"? Are we to assume that if Azadian is removed as a source, you both will be happy with the section and its sources?-  Ευπάτωρ   Talk!! 21:01, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Azadian source is not referencing anything by itself, it only reinforces what two other source already confirm. I believe there is an arbcom remedy somewhere saying that you can't discriminate against Armenian sources. VartanM 23:28, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

The article claims:

Aliyev, with the help of the Azeri mafia, earned the profits from the Caspian Sea caviar, Sumgait oil, fruits and vegetables, cotton and customs and transport industries of Azerbaijan

There's no oil in Sumgait. An expert on the region would know that. If an article or book contains such ridiculous claims about "Azeri mafia" or "Sumgait oil", it cannot be taken any seriously. That's why I call it yellow press. If there's indeed such a thing as "Azeri mafia", why no one creates an article about it in Wikipedia? I would be interested to have a look at such an article. Grandmaster 17:54, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

the Azeri mafia is powerful in Russia, actually. but generally the famous ones are not mafia leaders, "vor v zakone",but they are who decide the plans in background, even for mafia. and solutions between mafias are settled by them, called "lotu" in Azeri language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.96.137.101 (talk) 05:30, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

The article is a total POV
This article is very biased. Somebody should clear it up, present references on his so called Mafia relations. Till then it should be tagged as original research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Torebay (talk • contribs) 21:05, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Portrait must be replaced
There is a good portrait, He should be put at the top

 * Why? This portait is from Soviet times. The current picture in the article is from the last held position of Presidency. Tuscumbia  ( talk ) 13:00, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Because a member of the Politburo of the USSR is much higher position than the president of a small republic. This is a portrait, but not picture. Beautiful and well rubbed. A picture is a curve and not beautiful.--Vladlen666 (talk) 18:14, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. He is an Azerbaijani and was the president of Azerbaijan holding that position last. Moreover, he is known as President of Azerbaijan much more than First Secretary of Azerbaijan CP or Politburo member. Thanks. Tuscumbia  ( talk ) 13:37, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

I knew him only as a Politburo member. Do you think that the portraits in the encyclopedia should be only portraits of the elderly? Aesthetics are offering to throw in the garbage ledge?--Vladlen666 (talk) 12:58, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I understand what you're saying but why should the encyclopedia be based on how you know him? Aliyev was recognized by the international community and became well known by becoming President of Azerbaijan. There is no problem including this picture in the article but the infobox should include his Presidential photo. Tuscumbia  ( talk ) 13:22, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I inserted the picture right by the text where it is mentioned he was member of Politburo

Checking on some substantial edits
I just noticed a whole slew of edits from 82.228.122.75 which substantially change the meaning of passages, such as this edit: "Managed to" and "failed to" are two completely different concepts, and as the edit isn't referenced at all, readers have no way of checking to see which one is correct.ChristopherGregory (talk) 01:23, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

hagographical
"According to his hagographical website" shouldn't that be Hagiographical? George Spurlin (talk) 08:29, 6 September 2012 (UTC) Hello — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.30.88.134 (talk) 16:59, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Almost no detail from years of presidency
There is an almost complete absence here of detail covering the years of his presidency, from 1993-2003. The few sentences that treat that time period have no citations, either. Surely that should be the most salient part of his career. It's sort of like writing a page on Barack Obama, but skipping over the years 2009-2017. Unfortunately, I'm not well informed enough to improve on it. Dgndenver (talk) 05:19, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

Advertising
"...proved to be the catalyst that ultimately culminated in his becoming the undisputed leader of Azerbaijan. As such he implemented reforms to curb corruption and gained the trust of his citizens. He came to power at a time when Azerbaijan was in the throes of political and economic crises, and he was able to bring about economic development."

Sorry, but that's not encyclopaedic language - that's the language of political propaganda and should be changed. 178.54.8.64 (talk) 11:24, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Good catch. It was added by two Azerbaijan ip WP:SPAs as their sole edits, using unreliable and primary sources. I was considering a complete revert to 31 March 2017, but I don't have time to review all the subsequent edits and all the current sources. --Ronz (talk) 16:38, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

Azerbaijani
change ((Azerbaijani)) to ((Azerbaijan))i 98.239.227.65 (talk) 14:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ = thanks for the suggestion - Arjayay (talk) 15:39, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Born in Armenia?
An RS cites a villager as a possibility. Should be reflected with proper attribution. --Armatura (talk) 20:08, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

Haydar Alıyev birthday
He birth 10 may 1923-12 December 2003 94.20.136.3 (talk) 18:35, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Alley of honor has a page on Wikipedia
Here it is Alley of Honor so someone can add the link in the resting place section Darkdeath0123 (talk) 17:23, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

Harold Perkin falsified Aliyev's biography
In his book, Harold Perkin wrote that Heydar Aliyev

Quote:...thrust himself to the head of the Azeri People’s Front, and was  elected  to  the  Supreme  Soviet  of  the  republic  in  time  for independence in 1991'''.

Link: page 139 of the book or page 158 of PDF: https://epdf.tips/the-third-revolution-professional-elites-in-the-modern-world.html

In fact, Aliyev has never been the head of the Azerbaijani People's Front. He founded New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) in 1992 that was actually in opposition to the Azerbaijani People's Front led by Abulfaz Elchibey from its foundation in 1989 to the Elchibey's death in 2000.

Considering such an obvious falsification, all other details given by Perkin on Aliyev can hardly be considered serious or reliable. Hew Folly (talk) 10:36, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes, this is an absurd claim. Aliyev was never the head of the Popular Front. This is an easily verifiable fact. This author has no idea what he is writing about. I suggest to remove this source. Grand  master  08:55, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Obviouly, if Harold James Perkin gives totally false information on one's public life, how can he be trusted to give any reliable information on private life.
 * Regards, Hew Folly (talk) 16:44, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * At a glance, the Perkin book appears reliable. The author is Harold Perkin and the publisher Routledge. --Hipal (talk) 17:32, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It might appear reliable due to the publisher, but the information it provides is clearly false and contradicts the known facts. Therefore, I don't think that we should consider this source reliable for this particular article. No other source says that Heydar Aliyev led Popular Front of Azerbaijan, because it is not true. Perkin might be a respected historian, but he is no expert on Azerbaijan and Heydar Aliyev. Grand  master  09:20, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * What references identify these "known facts"? --Hipal (talk) 15:55, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Azerbaijan declared independence in 1991.
 * Azerbaijan's People Front (or as mentioned by Perkin, Popular Front) was founded in 1988, and its head, Abulfaz Elchibey (not Heydar Aliyev or Geidar Aliev), became president in 1992.
 * Meanwhile, in 1991-1992 Heydar Aliyev worked in the Autonomus Republic of Nakhchivan (an autonomus exclave in South-West Azerbaijan) formally holding the deputy chairman position in the Supreme Soviet, and was a member of the Communist Party (not the "Popular Front") until July . He founded another party (New Azerbaijan Party) in 1992..
 * In the 1992-1993 period Azerbaijan was ruled by People's Front and Musavat that were "ousted" by Heydar Aliyev and his supporters in 1993..
 * Regards, Hew Folly (talk) 17:46, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Briefly skimming, I'm concerned that these links being offered may be to poorer sources. Are any of the publishers or authors of similar caliber? --Hipal (talk) 18:48, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * My pleasure. I believe at least one of them is Tadeusz Switechowski who was described as "One of the best known specialist on modern Azerbaijan", and hold the Professor Emeritus of the Ivy League Columbia University.
 * I can also provide the Svante Cornell quote similar to . Even his critic admits that he "knows Azerbaijan well"  .  Hew Folly (talk) 19:25, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Even if we assume your "analysis" is true and that the book has this one mistake on Aliev's position at the time, that doesn't make the source unreliable or everything else it says invalid, that's absurd and there is no Wikipedia policy that tells us to assume that. The source is extremely reliable, it's written by a distinguished historian Harold Perkin and published by a well established peer-reviewed publication Routledge. Please keep your analysis to yourself and stop saying everything cited by this highly reliable source should be removed or that somehow it's an unreliable source because of a simple presumed mistake in the book about a person's position that supposedly escaped the peer-review process of Routledge too. Also see your talk page for warnings, canvassing isn't allowed on Wikipedia . Vanezi (talk) 08:06, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Perkin was not an expert on Azerbaijan. To my knowledge, he had no specific work dedicated to Azerbaijan. He only made a passing mention of Aliyev, and he apparently mixed Abulfaz Elchibey (whose actual surname was also Aliyev) with Heydar Aliyev. Just because a work is written by a respected scholar does not mean that it is reliable on every topic. I think that due to an obvious lack of knowledge on the subject of this article, Perkin cannot be used here. Grand  master  08:41, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please tell me a singe policy that suggests we should remove all of the well established published source written by a distinguished historian because a canvasser supposedly identified this one mistake in the book pages (those pages aren't even cited in this article). If you can't, then I have no more to argue here. Vanezi (talk) 09:01, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * If a source shows clear lack of knowledge on the subject, and makes false claims, it cannot be considered reliable. According to WP:CONTEXTMATTERS: Information provided in passing by an otherwise reliable source that is not related to the principal topics of the publication may not be reliable; editors should cite sources focused on the topic at hand where possible. We can take it to WP:RSN as well. Grand  master  09:56, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Perkin isn’t “falsifying” anything, he cited The Independent news article that confused the two Aliyevs, so Perkin shouldn’t be blamed for when he was misled by another source. Vanezi (talk) 14:41, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * He should be. Fact checking is the responsibility of every serious scholar. In fact, it is the basics of any scholarly or journalistic research. Grand  master  08:14, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * By that logic, are you questioning the esteemed academic publisher Routledge and most importantly, its peer-review process? Like I said, a single minor mistake can happen and it's just a confusion of surnames which The Independent news article did itself to begin with, not Perkin. And it was a minor mistake because it wasn't even noticed in Routledge's peer-review process, the same Routledge which is regarded as one of the best publishers in the world. Vanezi (talk) 17:11, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * See WP:CONTEXTMATTERS. According to the rules, even if a source is generally reliable, a passing mention in that source may not be, and we should go with the sources that are dedicated to the topic of our article. And we see that Perkin is not an expert on Aliyev, not a specialist source on the subject, and provides inaccurate info about him. Grand  master  08:47, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

I'm not seeing a case for removal, just a lot of personal opinions and poor sources being thrown about. --Hipal (talk) 17:04, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Do you find Perkin to be an accurate source about Heydar Aliyev? It was demonstrated that he makes false claims. Grand  master  07:57, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Irrelevant. --Hipal (talk) 16:24, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It is very much relevant. We should not use the sources that provide inaccurate information, and the rules advise us not to use sources that only make a passing mention of the subject of the article. Grand  master  08:32, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * That "information" which is just a surname confusion isn't from this source, it's from The Independent news article in the book. And the page where this surname confusion mistake is found (p.139) isn't even used in this article as a citation. The book is obviously reliable and no, it's not a "passing mention" when there are several statements about Aliev in the book (nothing to do with the surname confusion mistake you keep bringing up in page 139). And as if it wasn't enough that the author is a historian and the source is academic with established publisher + a peer-review process, here's a review (download link) of Perkin's book, describing it as:
 * “The book is lively and well written. Surely controversial and thus worth reading. As an essay targeted to the public at large, it is a work of culture and finesse. It will make an excellent reference for one of those undergraduate discussions that so usefully open or close a political science, history, or even economics course.” [GIANNI TONIOLO, Duke University, The Journal of Economic History 1998]
 * So please, avoid personal opinion commentary as Hipal suggested and let's stick to an actual book review which is available for this book.
 * And even after all of this, there is another source which verifies the same things as Perkin said (the info that's actually used in this article), see for example the sex services info which is confirmed in this other book too: The Soviet Mafia by Arkady Vaksberg, page 176
 * “Only once was there an unfortunate setback in this rapidly developing NKVD career. Being in charge of the 'work' of all the informers in Azerbaijan, he had at his disposal countless secret flats where professional Chekists could privately meet their unofficial colleagues, the so-called volunteer helpers. Among these volunteers, there were women, and the organization's property holdings solved the problem of secret rendezvous for them and their men friends. This was perhaps the key sense in which these flats were 'secret'. Using his official position, Geidar Aliev would encourage his 'volunteer' helpers to make love to him. One of them went along with it but then changed her mind and kicked up a fuss. This was after Stalin's death, and the terror of what had been Beria's outfit eased for a while. Unseen protectors saved the lover-hero; all that happened to him was that he was given a slightly less senior post and his rank reduced a notch—not for long, of course. He soon recovered and resumed his upward career path.”
 * Vanezi (talk) 13:25, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Apparently, Perkin misinterpreted some claims in Vaksberg's book. He actually refers to Vaksberg, who himself was more of a sensationalist type of a journalist. That still does not make Perkin a reliable source on this subject, and the review that you quote says that Perkin's book is "controversial". Perkin's book is about global economic and social changes, not political developments in Azerbaijan. Grand  master  11:44, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Do you have a citation for Perkin misinterpreting Vaksberg's book? Or for Vaksberg being a sensationalist? Or is this original research? Yes the The Journal of Economic History review uses the word "controversial" but not in the sense that it would be considered unreliable, because it is praised for being well written and an excellent reference for political science and history.
 * The book is lively and well written. Surely controversial and thus worth reading. As an essay targeted to the public at large, it is a work of culture and finesse. It will make an excellent reference for one of those undergraduate discussions that so usefully open or close a political science, history, or even economics course.
 * While looking for any criticism of Vaksberg or his book, I instead found a source praising both. It even praises the Azerbaijani chapter in particular:
 * the most interesting chapter is the one on Aliev and the Azerbaijan mafia. The recent civil disturbances involving the surviving communist leadership, the Aliev mafia and the popular front leadership becomes more comprehensible after Vaksberg's analysis.
 * Vanezi (talk) 09:25, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Vaksberg should be a subject to a separate discussion. I took this to WP:RSN to get more third party opinions. Grand  master  08:27, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Why? Hew Folly (talk) 19:20, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * If that question is for me, then my answer is that it's already been explained. --Hipal (talk) 02:29, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heydar Aliyev


text: User talk:69.47.20.174

title: User talk:69.47.20.174


text:
Roy Hofheinz

Roy Mark Hofheinz (April 10, 1912 – November 22, 1982), popularly known as Judge Hofheinz or "The Judge", was a Texas state representative from 1935 to 1937 (44th legislature), county judge of Harris County, Texas from 1936 to 1944, and mayor of the city of Houston from 1953 to 1956.

Early and personal life
Hofheinz was born on April 10, 1912, in Beaumont, Texas. The Hofheinz family moved to Houston in 1924. He graduated from San Jacinto High School with highest honors as a champion debater and started work in 1928 at age 16 after his father died. In the summer of 1928, Hofheinz was an aide at the Democratic National Convention held in Houston; he befriended future U.S. senator and president Lyndon B. Johnson at the convention. Hofheinz matriculated at Rice University and Houston Junior College before graduating from the now-defunct Houston Law School in 1931 at age 19.

He married Irene ("Dene", née Cafcalas; 1912–1966) in 1933, a fellow law student; together they had three children: Roy Jr. (1935–), Fred (1938–), and Dene (1942–). The two had met at the University of Houston in 1929. After the death of his first wife, Hofheinz married his divorced executive assistant, Mary Frances (née Gougenheim) on April 10, 1969. Hofheinz survived a stroke in 1970 that left him in a wheelchair; he eventually died in 1982 from an apparent heart attack.

Judge Hofheinz was known for his cigar habit; in a 1969 profile for Sports Illustrated he gently chided the author, Tex Maule: "Don't say 'smoke.' 'Consume' is the word. I chew a lot of them and give some away." He preferred the Sans Souci Perfecto cigar, approximately 7 in long, consuming 25 per day.

Residences
When he was serving as the mayor of Houston, he lived in a home on Galveston Bay which he named "Huckster House" (also known as the Gribble-Hofheinz House, Texas Historical Marker no. 10683); he had acquired it in 1950 and decorated the interior with a circus theme. In 1956, he purchased the Cochran-Hofheinz House; the house had originally been built for banker Owen L. Cochran around 1912.

Hofheinz had two separate residences in the Astrodomain: the Judge's Quarters, a 24-room suite on the sixth floor of the Astrodome decorated in an eclectic fashion that Bob Hope quipped was "early King Farouk", where he moved after the death of his first wife; and the Celestial Suites on the ninth floor of the Astroworld Hotel, with interiors designed by Harper Goff, which Elvis Presley reportedly found too gaudy. Hofheinz decamped from the Judge's Quarters in the Astrodome in 1972; the suite was removed in 1988. The Celestial Suites are still present on the top floor of the Astroworld Hotel (now a Crowne Plaza), but have not been used recently.

Hofheinz purchased the historic River Oaks mansion (also known as the T.J. and Ruth Bettes House, originally completed in 1928) in 1980 and lived there until his death in 1982. The city of Houston designated the Bettes House a historic landmark in 2009; The Cochran-Hofheinz House was so designated in 2005.

Politics
After his father, a laundry truck driver, died when he was 16, Hofheinz became the breadwinner for his family. He opened a private law practice shortly after his graduation in 1931, then served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1935 to 1937 as the youngest person ever elected to the state legislature. After his one term, he ran for and was elected the county judge (the highest-ranking county administrator) for Harris County, Texas from 1936 to 1944, again setting a record for the youngest judge, at age 24. Known in his youth as the "Boy Mayor", at 23 he was the youngest county administrator in the state. He acted as campaign manager for Lyndon B. Johnson during Johnson's rise to the position of Congressman and then two Senatorial campaigns in 1941 and 1948.

He lost an election for a third term as judge in 1944 and returned to private law practice. After World War II, Hofheinz pioneered FM radio and built a network of radio and television stations (including 790 KTHT Houston, now KBME; 1530 KSOX Harlingen TX, now KGBT; 680 KBAT San Antonio, now KKYX) in the Texas Gulf Coast area, and made a business of salvaging the slag from steelmaking, crushing it, and selling it as roadbuilding aggregate.

Major accomplishments of his career as an elected official include leading the city to use oyster shells to pave city streets instead of gravel which had to be brought in from far flung locations at great cost. He also helped reinvent the system which cares for delinquent and homeless youth; creating a model which provided ‘homes’ for the youth rather than treating them as young prisoners. This model was immensely successful and replicated around the country, revolutionizing how municipalities handle troubled youth.

In 1952, Hofheinz was elected to the first of two terms as Mayor of Houston. Hofheinz claimed credit for integrating the Harris County buses and golf courses as a judge, and as mayor, for quietly integrating rest rooms in City Hall and public libraries. He recounted an encounter with a "socially prominent [white] female" as mayor: I won't let my children sit by black children in the library; I don't know what they would catch! to which he retorted "Maybe tolerance". His often-contentious relationship with the Houston City Council led to several members of the Council pushing to impeach him in 1955 over a dispute involving higher taxes. Instead of impeachment, as a compromise, Hofheinz was censured and a special election was called for mayor and all seats on the city council. Hofheinz was defeated in the special election. His son Fred served as mayor of Houston in the 1970s.

Houston sports and entertainment
The Houston Sports Association (HSA) executive committee was formed in 1957 as a syndicate of local businessmen dedicated to bringing a Major League Baseball franchise to Houston with three founding members: George Kirksey, William Kirkland, and Craig Cullinan. Cullinan, chair of the HSA, previously had been involved with the failed "Continental League". Local landowner R. E. "Bob" Smith and Hofheinz joined HSA in 1959. Previously, Bob Smith had helped Hofheinz win a second term as mayor in 1954. HSA took advantage of Hofheinz's skills as a flamboyant and successful orator, broadcaster, developer, and sportsman. On October 17, 1960, Houston was awarded the Colt .45 franchise in the ten-team National League. HSA purchased the existing minor league team, the Houston Buffaloes, in 1961 and wound down their operations. The Colt .45s played their inaugural game on April 10, 1962, the Judge's 50th birthday, beating the Chicago Cubs 11–2 at the temporary outdoor Colt Stadium.

Initially, Hofheinz and Smith each retained a one-third interest in HSA, with the remainder divided between Cullinan (15%), Kirksey (2%), and other investors, including Bud Adams. At the end of the inaugural 1962 season, Cullinan withdrew and sold his shares to Smith, who was already beginning his feud with Hofheinz. Smith and Hofheinz were the principal shareholders in HSA by 1965, and Smith became chairman of the board.

HSA also was responsible for the development of the Astrodome, initially known as the Harris County Domed Stadium, the first large covered baseball and football facility in the world; the earliest discussions of a domed stadium in Houston were held at Hofheinz's house. Hofheinz later recounted the genesis for the Astrodome came from a 1962 visit to Rome with his wife Dene: "Mama and I were standing there looking at the Colosseum. It was a large, round facility and most of the stadiums in the United States had been built to conform to the shape of the playing fields. Rectangular. I studied the history of the Colosseum and I found out that on hot days they used to have the slaves pull a cover over the top made out of papyrus or whatever they used in those days. I guess they didn't want to spoil the lions' appetite with too much heat. And I found out, too, that the emperor and the bigwigs all sat at the top of the stadium. Standing there, thinking back on those days, I figured that a round facility with a cover was what we needed in the United States and that Houston would be the perfect spot for it."

Together, Hofheinz and Smith acquired 497 acre in the South Loop region of Houston, which was then a swamp, from the owners of the Shamrock Hilton Hotel and resold 254 acre to Harris County for the site of the Astrodome; to finance its construction, the county issued $31 million in two separate bond votes. HSA leased the Astrodome from the county (at $750,000 per year) and the Colt .45s were renamed the Houston Astros in 1965 when they moved into their new domed stadium. Hofheinz and Smith held 98% of the shares in HSA, with Smith owning the controlling interest of 88%. According to Hofheinz, Smith grew tired of Hofheinz's unilateral decisions affecting the construction of the stadium and demanded that he be bought out for $7.5 million on short notice; Hofheinz surprised Smith by raising the money in a week, buying out Smith in August 1965, which put him in control of HSA. As a concession, Hofheinz allowed Smith to retain a 10% interest. Broadcaster Gene Elston described Hofheinz as “a great entrepreneur. But he would take up projects and then drop them and move on to other things. And he didn't respect Smith.”

The Astrodome initially used clear plexiglass panes to cover the roof and admit light for the special "Tifway 419" Bermuda grass, but several games were lost when fielders would lose sight of the ball from the glare, and the panels were painted white. Later, after the "Dome" was built, he worked with engineers at Monsanto Corporation to develop Astroturf, an imitation grass now widely used where natural grass does not flourish.

Other landmarks built in the giant southwest Houston development project surrounding the Astrodome, which Hofheinz dubbed the Astrodomain, included the Astrohall exposition center (billed as the largest one-story convention facility in the world) and the first major theme park in coastal Texas, AstroWorld, which opened in 1968. In addition, the Astrodomain included a four-hotel complex totaling 970 rooms on Kirby Drive to serve tourists, Astrodome patrons, and theme park guests.

In 1967, he purchased, along with Israel and Irvin Feld, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Hofheinz became the circus's chairman of the board starting on November 11, 1967; his son Fred served as vice president. In 1968, the circus announced it would create a second unit to complement the original unit; the second (Blue) unit would also tour but played two shows per day in the AstroHall for thirteen weeks, starting on May 30, 1969, while the original (Red) unit continued to tour. Hofheinz and the Felds sold the circus to Mattel, Inc. in 1971.

He also owned the Houston Stars professional soccer team, which played in the United Soccer Association in 1967 and North American Soccer League in 1968. The Stars team was actually the Bangu Atlético Clube, imported from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Erie County Dome Stadium
In the late 1960s, Hofheinz became partners with Edward Cottrell, a developer from Buffalo, New York, in an effort to have Erie County, New York build what would have been the second domed stadium in the world in Lancaster, just outside Buffalo. The county, Kenford Company, and Dome Stadium, Inc. signed a contract on August 8, 1969. Under the terms of the contract, the overall idea would have been similar to the Astrodome: Kenford would donate land to the county, and the county would construct the domed stadium. Hofheinz formed a corporation, The Dome Stadium, Inc., which would lease the stadium from the county and operate events there for forty years; alternatively, the county could operate the stadium for twenty years, with Kenford and Dome providing management and promotional services.

The contract became the subject of three separate lawsuits brought by interested citizens against the county. The first was filed on August 6, 1969, alleging the contract had been "arbitrary and capricious and fraudulent"; it was dismissed without prejudice on October 1. The second alleged the contract had been awarded without competitive bidding; the request for an injunction to block the contract was denied because an exception existed "for services requiring special skill or training". The third alleged the contract violated the state constitution "and effected a waste of county funds"; this argument was also dismissed.

In 1970, Erie County narrowly voted to reject the proposed lease, prompting a lawsuit threat from Dome Stadium, Inc. Erie County authorized construction financing of up to $50 million, and the bids for the project totaled more than $70 million, causing the county to pass a resolution in early 1971 declaring an end to its relationship with Kenford/Dome without any legal liability. The slow movement on the Lancaster dome proposal also led Buffalo Bills owner Ralph Wilson to explore team relocation with Seattle city officials. After the county refused to build the facility, Cottrell and Hofheinz began what became a 20-year breach of contract litigation seeking hundreds of millions of dollars of lost profits and damages. After an initial favorable jury verdict, Dome Stadium, Inc.'s claims ultimately were dismissed following one of the longest jury trials in New York history. Cottrell would eventually receive a $10.2 million settlement in September 1989, but faced a separate lawsuit filed by Hofheinz's widow, Mary Frances, who had paid for the lawyers and expert witnesses in their suit against the county. Plans for the stadium were recovered in 2015 and displayed publicly.

Stroke and Astrodomain sale
After his stroke on May 14, 1970, Hofheinz consolidated his properties in the Astrodome area under the Astrodomain Corporation. Judge Hofheinz and his family were the sole owners of the Astrodomain Corporation; there were four subsidiary companies: Astroworld USA Inc., Astroworld Hotel Corporation, Astrodome/Astrohall Stadium Corporation, and Houston Sports Association Inc. The Hofheinz family was the sole owner of each subsidiary aside from HSA; 98% of HSA stock was held by the Hofheinz family, and 1% each were held by Earl Allen and the Beck Estate. Hofheinz's ill health led to rumors the Astrodomain was for sale in August 1970.

However, the Astrodomain came at hard times just before the recession during the early 1970s. Hofheinz personally controlled 50% of the Astrodomain Corporation, and the other half was held in trust for his three children as an inheritance from their mother, Dene. In the early 1970s, the debt Hofheinz accumulated in purchasing the circus and opening AstroWorld was consolidated in a single $38 million loan held by Ford Motor Credit, General Electric Credit Corporation, and HNC Realty, to be repaid in quarterly installments at an interest rate of 4% above prime. Falling baseball attendance led to cash flow issues, and the three creditors seized control of the Astrodomain, naming a three-person board to run it jointly in June 1975, including Hofheinz, Astrodomain president T.H. Neyland, and Astrodomain first vice president Sidney L. Shlenker. However, Schlenker denied that Hofheinz had lost control of Astrodomain, stating "the judge will retain the title of chairman of the board and will continue to be active as he has been in the past two years".

By that time, the Six Flags Corporation had entered a long-term lease to operate the AstroWorld theme park. Hofheinz admitted that he had lost control of the Astrodomain in January 1976, in announcing his opposition to a potential move by the Astros to New Orleans. The Astrodomain hotels were sold to Servico in May 1976. Hofheinz sold his remaining shares of the Astrodomain to GE and Ford in September 1976, retaining an option to buy it back within a year. Ford bought out the remaining GE shares in November 1978.

In his time as owner (part or fulltime) from 1962 to 1975, Hofheinz saw the Astros have a winning record just twice.

Legacy
Hofheinz was named University of Houston alumnus of the year in 1967.

In 2006, Roy Hofheinz was inducted into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame.

Hofheinz Pavilion, a multi-purpose arena on the University of Houston campus which opened in 1969, was named in his honor. In 2016, the Hofheinz family filed suit to require the University of Houston to keep Hofheinz's name on the school's basketball arena, where the Houston Cougars play. The university has asked the Harris County Probate Court to end the 47-year agreement on Hofheinz Pavilion so that the institution can negotiate a naming-rights deal in a $60 million renovation project set to begin in the spring of 2017. The university and Hofheinz family settled the dispute, and as part of the agreement a plaza with a bronze statue of Hofheinz was built near the new arena.

It was announced on January 20, 2020, by the Astros that Hofheinz would be inducted into the 2020 Houston Astros Hall of Fame for the 2020 class. The ceremony for the class was delayed a year by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in Hofheinz being inducted on August 7, 2021.

On November 1, 2023, it was announced that Hofheinz would be one of the nine inductees for the Texas Sports Hall of Fame class of 2024.

title: Roy Hofheinz