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User talk:Ryanaxp

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Proposed deletion of Goo (search engine)

The article Goo (search engine) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
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Proposed deletion of SuperQuest

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Speedy deletion nomination of ShaBLAMM! Computer

A tag has been placed on ShaBLAMM! Computer requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company, corporation or organization that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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Proposed deletion of DeskStation Tyne

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title: User talk:Ryanaxp


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Talk:Fire Emblem

Threat of Cancellation
Shouldn't there be something about the reported threat of cancellation prior to the release, critical acclaim, and tremendous success of Fire Emblem Awakening? Here's a source.

Sakurai says Fire Emblem Heroes is NOT a spin-off
7:07, Sakurai says that Three Houses is the 17th game in the series and that Heroes is not a spin-off.

 * ✅. Maestro2016 (talk) 23:01, 13 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Only noticed now, but no, this is dumb, I've reverted. A YouTube video of somebody who doesn't even work on Fire Emblem is not remotely a good source compared to voluminous sourcing elsewhere that calls Heroes a spin-off.  This wasn't even close to a good source, I certainly hope you aren't using random videos of non-authorities on a topic in such a cavalier fashion elsewhere.  SnowFire (talk) 19:05, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

Fates Special Edition Mistake?
In the Games section of the article, we find the sentence "Fates was later re-released as a special version with all three versions included." I believe this is false; the special version in question refers to the Special Edition, which was released at the launch of the game and was actually the only way to play Revelations for the first few weeks after launch. I don't believe there's any other version that contains all three paths, but even if there is, failing to mention the original special edition (which is also the only way to have Revelations physically) seems like an oversight. I can't make the edit myself, as I've never edited Wikipedia and the article is currently semi-protected, but I figured I'd mention it here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:681:601:AEA0:0:0:0:5644 (talk) 19:31, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Fire Emblem


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Gastonia

Gastonia may refer to:

 * Gastonia (plant), a genus in the ivy or ginseng family
 * Gastonia (dinosaur), a genus of ankylosaur
 * Gastonia, North Carolina, United States
 * Gastonia station, an Amtrak train station
 * Gastonia, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Gastonia novels, several novels concerned with the events of the 1929 Loray Mill strike

title: Gastonia


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Talk:Boise City, Idaho

Propose to merge this article with Boise, Idaho and to modify appropriate links. Any objections?

As I'm not sure of the best way to do this, I'll list Boise City, Idaho and Boise, Idaho on Cleanup. Isomorphic 20:40, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Sounds good. Thx. --CeltMDC 20:46, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

As a former Boise resident this seems appropriate, I have never heard it referred to as "Boise City" in a standalone form (although this may be official) --JonMoore 04:56, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boise City, Idaho


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Jeff Friesen

Jeffrey Daryl Friesen (born August 5, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played over 800 games in the National Hockey League, spending roughly half his career with the San Jose Sharks, who drafted him in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. The rest of his career was spent with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, New Jersey Devils, Washington Capitals, and Calgary Flames. He won the Stanley Cup with the Devils in 2003.

Playing career
Friesen played his junior years with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL) where he was Rookie of the Year in 1993. He was selected 11th overall in the first round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. He played 14 season in the NHL as a winger, originally as a left winger but also as a right winger.

Friesen played nearly seven seasons with the Sharks, becoming their 3rd all-time leading scorer, but was traded to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim near the end of the 2000–01 season. After playing the following season with the Ducks, he was traded to the New Jersey Devils for the 2002–03 season where he won the Stanley Cup. In the Eastern Conference Finals against the Ottawa Senators that year, Friesen scored the game-winning goal with just under three minutes left in regulation in Game 7. It was his third game-winning goal of the series. Then in Game 7 of the finals, he scored two goals against his former team, the Ducks en route to the Devils' third Stanley Cup championship.

On September 26, 2005, the salary cap-troubled Devils traded Friesen to the Washington Capitals in exchange for a conditional 2006 draft pick. On March 9, 2006, he was moved again to the Ducks for a second-round draft pick, but spent a significant part of the 2005–06 season sidelined with a groin injury.

Friesen was signed by the Calgary Flames on July 5, 2006 to a 1-year $1.6 million contract for the 2006–07 season. After a disappointing season that had Friesen producing six goals and six assists in seventy-two games, the Calgary Flames chose not to re-sign him. He played in the AHL as a left wing for the Lake Erie Monsters before January 29, 2008, when Friesen was released.

Friesen attended the San Jose Sharks' 2008 training camp on a tryout basis. On October 9, 2008, Sharks Executive Vice President and General Manager Doug Wilson announced that Friesen had been released from training camp. On August 29, 2009, Friesen signed a one-year contract with the Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Friesen is tied with Jamie Baker for the Sharks single-season short-handed goals record with 6, set in the 1997–98 season. On February 21, 2015 he returned to San Jose (Santa Clara) where he was introduced along with several other former Shark players before the outdoor Stadium Series game vs. the L.A. Kings at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara.

Personal life
Friesen and his ex-wife Rhonda have a daughter and son together.

CHL/WHL

 * Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy - 1993
 * CHL Rookie of the Year - 1993
 * CHL All-Rookie Team - 1993

NHL

 * NHL All-Rookie Team - 1995
 * Stanley Cup champion - 2003

title: Jeff Friesen


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User talk:CeltMDC

Hello CeltMDC, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at the new user log so that we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the village pump.

Again, welcome! ugen64 20:38, Mar 15, 2004 (UTC)

authors: Template namespace initialisation script

title: User talk:CeltMDC


text:
Nonvolatile acid

A nonvolatile acid (also known as a fixed acid or metabolic acid) is an acid produced in the body from sources other than carbon dioxide, and is not excreted by the lungs. They can be produced from an incomplete metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. All acids produced in the body are nonvolatile except carbonic acid, which is the sole volatile acid. Common nonvolatile acids in humans are lactic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Humans produce about 1–1.5 mmoles of H+ per kilogram per day. Most nonvolatile acids are excreted by the kidneys. Lactic acid is usually completely metabolized by the body, and is thus not excreted from the body.

Reactions
The following reactions result in nonvolatile acids:

 * sulfur-containing amino acid oxidations:
 * e.g. methionine or cysteine → urea + CO2 + H2SO4 → 2H+ +
 * phosphorus-containing compound metabolism → H3PO4 → H+ +
 * cationic amino acid oxidation:
 * e.g. lysine or arginine → urea + CO2 + H2O + H+
 * Non-metabolizable organic acid production:
 * HA → H+ + A−
 * Incomplete metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins → e.g. lactic acid or keto-acids

title: Nonvolatile acid


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Gavrilov-Yam

Gavrilov-Yam (Гаври́лов-Ям) is a town and the administrative center of Gavrilov-Yamsky (or Gavrilov-Yamskiy) District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Kotorosl River. Population:

History
The first mention of a settlement on the site of modern Gavrilov-Yam dates back to 1545. Then it was a small village of Gavrilovo, in which there were only 7 courtyards and it belonged to the Varnitsky Trinity-Sergius Monastery.

At the end of the 16th century, by decree of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, the village was renamed into Gavrilov Yam, later into Gavrilov-Yamskaya Sloboda, and at the end of the 18th century, in connection with the construction of a stone church - and into the village of Gavrilov-Yam. Town status was granted in 1938.

In the early 2000s, the weaving production of the Moscow-based factory, Trekhgornaya Manufactory, was transferred to the oblast to which the town belongs.

The Gavrilov-Yamskiy Flax Mill traces its history back to the Lokalov textile factory. The mill carries out all stages of flax processing, from flax-combed production to finished products (linen and mixed fabrics, patterned tablecloths, napkins, towels, etc.). The plant is the only one in the country that produces art canvas.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Gavrilov-Yam serves as the administrative center of the Gavrilov-Yamsky (or Gavrilov-Yamskiy) District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Gavrilov-Yamsky (or Gavrilov-Yamskiy) District as the town of district significance of Gavrilov-Yam. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Gavrilov-Yam is incorporated within Gavrilov-Yamsky (Gavrilov-Yamskiy) Municipal District as Gavrilov-Yam Urban Settlement.

title: Gavrilov-Yam


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Thomas Blount (statesman)

Thomas Blount (May 10, 1759 –February 7, 1812) was an American soldier, and politician. He served as a lieutenant in the North Carolina Line and as an adjutant general to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War. After the war, he served as a representative in the North Carolina General Assembly and served three terms in U.S. representative from the 5th Congressional District in North Carolina.

Early life
He was born at Blount Hall on May 10, 1759, in Craven County (in the portion of it which became Pitt County in 1760) in the Province of North Carolina. His parents were Jacob Blount of Beaufort County, North Carolina and Barbara Gray Blount. Jacob Blount acquired an estate of six thousand acres on Contentnea Creek between 1757 and 1783. Thomas had six siblings: William (b. 26 March 1749), Ann (b. 3 October 1750), John Gray (b. 21 September 1752), Louisa (b. 17 January 1755), Reading (b. 22 February 1757), and Jacob (b. 5 November 1760). Thomas's mother died in 1763 and his father remarried to Hannah Salter Baker. Thomas was educated at home. He was close to his brothers William and John Gray in both business and politics. Together, they ran the Blount Brothers mercantile business, which was one of the largest in North Carolina and based in Washington, North Carolina. John Gray and William were representatives in the North Carolina General Assembly.

Military service
In 1777 at the age of 16, Blount entered the Continental Army's 5th North Carolina Regiment during the American Revolutionary War. He served as a lieutenant under Captain Benjamin Stedman. He was dropped from the rolls in January 1778, since he was captured during the conflicts (most likely the Battle of Germantown). He was among those prisoners of war shipped to England for detention. In 1780, he was back in North Carolina and served as Adjutant General to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia.

Political career
He served as a representative from the North Carolina in the United States House of Representatives:
 * (17931795), 3rd United States Congress, 9th North Carolina Congressional District, Anti-Administration party affiliation
 * (17951797), 4th United States Congress 9th North Carolina Congressional District
 * (17971799), 5th United States Congress 9th North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
 * 1798, lost to Willis Alston in a four-way race for the 9th North Carolina Congressional District (see 1798 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina)
 * 18051807, 9th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
 * 18071809, 10th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
 * 18111812, 12th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, He served until his death in February 1812. He died in Washington, D.C., and was interred at the Congressional Cemetery.

Personal life
He was the brother of William Blount and John Gray Blount and the uncle of William Grainger Blount. His wife, Mary J. Sumner, was the daughter of Jethro Sumner.

His home at Tarboro, The Grove, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

title: Thomas Blount (statesman)


text:
List of sushi and sashimi ingredients

There are many sushi and sashimi ingredients, some of which are traditional and others contemporary.

Sushi styles

 * Chirashi-zushi (ちらし寿司, scattered sushi) is a bowl of sushi rice topped with a variety of raw fish and vegetables/garnishes (also refers to barazushi)
 * Inari-zushi (稲荷寿司, fried tofu pouch) is a type of sushi served in a seasoned and fried pouch made of tofu and filled with sushi rice.
 * Maki-zushi (巻き寿司, rolled sushi) consists of rice and other ingredients rolled together with a sheet of nori.
 * Chu maki (中巻き, medium roll) is a medium-sized rolled maki sushi usually containing several ingredients
 * Futo maki (太巻き, large or fat roll) is a thick rolled maki sushi containing multiple ingredients
 * Gunkan maki (軍艦巻, battleship roll) is a type of sushi consisting of a rice ball wrapped in a sheet of nori which extends in a cylinder upward to hold a loose topping such as fish eggs
 * Hoso maki (細巻き, thin roll) is thinly rolled maki sushi with only one ingredient
 * Kazari maki (飾り巻き寿司, flower or decorative roll) is a type of sushi designed frequently with colored rice into simple or complex shapes.
 * Temaki (手巻き, hand roll) is a cone-shaped maki sushi
 * Nigiri sushi (握り寿司, hand-formed sushi) consists of an oval-shaped ball of rice topped with a slice of another item
 * Oshi sushi (押し寿司, "pressed sushi"), also known as hako-zushi (箱寿司, "box sushi"), is formed by molding the rice and toppings in a rectangular box, then slicing into blocks.
 * Uramaki (うらまき, inside-out roll) is a contemporary style of Maki-zushi that is described as a roll that is inside out—with the rice on the outside—and has an outer layer of tobiko or sesame seeds.

Wrappings

 * Nori (海苔): dried seaweed (often used to wrap or belt makizushi or gunkan)
 * Rice paper
 * Salmon skin
 * Thinly sliced sheets of cucumber
 * Usuyaki-tamago: thinly cooked sweet omelette or custard
 * Yuba: "tofu skin" or "soybean skin", a thin film derived from soybeans

Eggs

 * Tamago (卵, 玉子): sweet egg omelette or custard, sometimes mixed with minced fish
 * Quail eggs (raw or cooked)

Meats

 * Basashi/sakura niku (馬刺し/桜肉): Raw horse, nicknamed for its bright pink color
 * Gyusashi (牛刺し): Raw beef
 * Shikasashi (鹿刺し): Raw venison
 * Torisashi (鳥刺し): Raw chicken

Seafood
All seafoods in this list are served raw unless otherwise specified.

Finfish
The list below does not follow biological classification.

 * Ainame (アイナメ): fat greenling
 * Aji (鯵): Japanese jack mackerel
 * Akami (赤身): red meat fish
 * Akamutsu (アカムツ): blackthroat seaperch
 * Aka-yagara (赤矢柄): red cornetfish
 * Amadai (あまだい): tilefish
 * Anago (穴子): saltwater eel, Conger eel
 * Ankimo (鮟肝): monkfish liver (cooked)
 * Ayu (鮎): sweetfish (raw or grilled)
 * Buri (鰤): adult yellowtail (cooked or raw)
 * Hamachi (魬, はまち): young (35–60 cm) yellowtail
 * Dojo (ドジョウ): Japanese loach
 * Ei (エイ): skate
 * Engawa (縁側): often referred as 'fluke fin', the chewy part of fluke, a flatfish
 * Fugu (河豚): puffer fish
 * Funa (フナ): crucian carp
 * Gindara (銀鱈): sablefish
 * Hamo (鱧, はも): daggertooth pike conger
 * Hata (ハタ): grouper
 * Hatahata (鰰): sandfish
 * Hikari-mono (光り物): blue-backed fish, various kinds of "shiny" (silvery scales) fish
 * Hiramasa (平政, 平柾): yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi)
 * Hirame (平目, 鮃): fluke, a type of flounder
 * Hokke (ホッケ): Okhotsk atka mackerel
 * Hoshigarei (干鰈): spotted halibut
 * Inada (鰍): very young yellowtail
 * Isake (いさけ): trumpeter
 * Isaki (伊佐木, いさき): striped pigfish
 * Ishigarei (石鰈): stone flounder
 * Iwana (イワナ): charr
 * Iwashi (鰯): sardine
 * Kajiki (梶木, 舵木, 旗魚): swordfish
 * Makajiki (真梶木): blue marlin
 * Mekajiki (目梶木): swordfish
 * (間八): greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili
 * Karei (鰈): flatfish
 * Katsuo (鰹, かつお): skipjack tuna
 * Kawahagi (皮剥ぎ): Filefish
 * Kibinago (黍魚子): banded blue sprat, or silver-stripe round herring
 * Kisu (鱚): sillago
 * Kochi (こち): flathead
 * Kohada (小鰭): Japanese gizzard shad
 * Shinko (新子): very young gizzard shad
 * Konoshiro (鰶): fully matured gizzard shad
 * Kue (クエ): longtooth grouper
 * Madai (まだい): red sea bream
 * Maguro (鮪): Thunnus (a genus of tuna)
 * Chūtoro (中とろ): medium-fat bluefin tuna belly
 * Kuro (maguro) (くろまぐろ): bluefin tuna, the fish itself
 * Kihada (maguro) (木肌鮪, 黄肌鮪, きはだ): yellowfin tuna
 * Mebachi (maguro) (めばちまぐろ): bigeye tuna, the most widely distributed fish in Japan
 * Meji (maguro) (メジ鮪): young Pacific bluefin tuna
 * Ōtoro (大とろ): fattiest portion of bluefin tuna belly
 * Shiro maguro (白鮪), Binnaga/Bincho (鬢長): albacore or "white" tuna
 * Toro (とろ): fatty bluefin tuna belly
 * Makogarei (まこがれい): marbled flounder
 * Mamakari (飯借): sprat
 * Matou-dai (まとう-だい): John Dory
 * Masu (鱒): Trout
 * Mejina (メジナ): Girella
 * Nijimasu (虹鱒): Rainbow trout
 * Nishin (ニシン): Herring
 * Noresore (のれそれ): baby Anago
 * Ohyou (大鮃): halibut
 * Okoze (虎魚): Okoze stonefish
 * Saba (鯖): chub mackerel or blue mackerel Served raw or marinated
 * Sake, Shake (鮭): Salmon
 * Sanma (秋刀魚): Pacific saury (autumn) or mackerel pike
 * Sawara (鰆): Spanish mackerel
 * Sayori (針魚, 鱵): halfbeak (springtime)
 * Shima-aji (しま鯵): white trevally
 * Shirauo (しらうお): whitebait (Springtime)
 * Shiromi (白身) seasonal "white meat" fish
 * Suzuki (鱸): sea bass
 * Seigo (鮬): young (1-2 y.o.) sea bass
 * Tachiuo (タチウオ): beltfish
 * Tai (鯛): seabream snapper
 * Madai (真鯛): red sea bream
 * Kasugo (春子鯛): young sea bream
 * Kurodai (黒鯛): snapper
 * Ibodai (疣鯛): Japanese butterfish
 * Kinmedai (金目鯛): splendid alfonsino
 * Tara (鱈): Cod
 * Unagi (鰻): freshwater eel, often broiled (grilled) with a sweet sauce. The preparation of unagi is referred to as kabayaki.

Inkfish

 * Aori ika (あおりいか): Bigfin reef squid
 * Hotaru ika (ホタルイカ): Firefly squid
 * Ika (烏賊, いか): Cuttlefish or squid, served raw or cooked
 * Sumi ika (墨, すみいか): Japanese spineless cuttlefish
 * Tako (蛸, たこ): Octopus
 * Yari ika (ヤリイカ): Spear squid

Others

 * Hoya (海鞘, ホヤ): Sea pineapple, an Ascidian
 * Kamesashi (かめさし): Sea turtle sashimi
 * Kurage (水母, 海月): Jellyfish
 * Kujira (鯨, くじら, クジラ): Whale
 * Namako (海鼠, なまこ): Sea cucumber
 * Shiokara (塩辛): Seasoned, salted entrails; frequently squid
 * Hitode (ヒトデ): Starfish
 * Uni: (雲丹, 海胆) gonad of sea urchin; may come in different colors

Roe
Roe is a mass of fish eggs:

 * Caviar (キャビア): roe of sturgeon
 * Ikura (イクラ): Salmon roe
 * Sujiko (筋子): Salmon roe (still in the sac)
 * Kazunoko (数の子, 鯑): Herring roe
 * Masago (まさご): Smelt roe
 * Mentaiko (明太子): Pollock roe seasoned to have a spicy flavor
 * Shirako (白子): Milt
 * Tarako (たらこ, 鱈子): Alaska pollock roe
 * Tobiko (飛子): roe of Flying fish

Seaweed

 * Kombu (昆布): Kelp, many preparations
 * Wakame (若布): Edible seaweed, sea mustard

Shellfish

 * Akagai (赤貝): Ark shell
 * Ama-ebi (甘海老): raw pink shrimp Pandalus borealis
 * Aoyagi (青柳): Trough shell
 * Asari (あさり): Japanese carpet shell
 * Awabi (鮑): Abalone
 * Botan-ebi (ぼたんえび): Botan shrimp
 * Dungeness crab
 * Ebi (海老): boiled or raw shrimp
 * Hamaguri (蛤): Clam, Meretrix lusoria
 * Himejako (ヒメジャコ): Giant clam
 * Himo (紐): "fringe" around an Akagai
 * Hokkigai, Hokki (ホッキ貝, 北寄貝): Surf clam
 * Hotategai, Hotate (帆立貝, 海扇): Scallop
 * Ise-ebi (伊勢海老): a spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus
 * Kaibashira (貝柱), Hashira (柱): valve muscles of scallop or shellfish
 * Kani (蟹): Crab, also refers to imitation crab
 * Kani-miso (カニミソ): Crab offal paste
 * Kaki (カキ,牡蠣): Oyster
 * Kegani (ケガニ): hairy crab
 * Kuruma-ebi (車海老): Prawn species Marsupenaeus japonicus
 * Makigai (マキガイ): Conch
 * Mategai (マテ貝): Razor clam
 * Matsubagani (松葉蟹): Champagne crab or regionally, Snow crab
 * Mirugai (海松貝): Geoduck clam
 * Sazae (栄螺, さざえ): Horned turban shell
 * Shako (蝦蛄): Mantis shrimp or "Squilla"
 * Shiba ebi (芝海老): Grey prawn
 * Shima ebi (しまえび): Morotoge shrimp
 * Soft-shell crab
 * Tarabagani (鱈場蟹): King crab
 * Tairagai (タイラギ): Pen-shell clam
 * Torigai (鳥貝): Cockle
 * Tsubugai (螺貝, ツブガイ): Whelk (Neptunea, Buccinum, Babylonia japonica)
 * Zuwaigani (ズワイガニ/津和井蟹/松葉蟹), also regionally marketed as matsubagani: Snow crab

Vegetables and fruit

 * Asparagus (アスパラガス)
 * Avocado (アボカド)
 * Carrot (ニンジン): a julienne of carrot
 * Cucumber (キュウリ): a julienne of cucumber
 * Eggplant (ナス): served in small slices, coated with oil
 * Ginger (しょうが): most often used is pickled ginger: beni shōga and gari
 * Gobō (牛蒡): Burdock root
 * Kaiware (かいわれ大根): Daikon radish sprouts
 * Kanpyō (乾瓢, 干瓢): dried gourd
 * Kappamaki (河童巻き): a makizushi made of cucumber and named after the Japanese water spirit who loves cucumber (Kappa)
 * Konnyaku (蒟蒻): Cake made from the corm of the Konjac plant
 * Nattō (納豆): fermented soybeans
 * Negi (ネギ): Japanese bunching onion
 * Oshinko (漬物): Takuan (pickled daikon) or other pickled vegetable
 * Shiitake (シイタケ): dried shiitake mushrooms, served roasted or simmered
 * Takuan (沢庵漬け): pickled daikon radish
 * Tofu (豆腐): Soybean curd
 * Tsukemono (漬物): various pickled vegetables
 * Umeboshi (梅干し): pickled plum
 * Wasabi (山葵, わさび): paste of wasabi root
 * Yam (サツマイモ):
 * Yuba (ゆば): Tofu skin

title: List of sushi and sashimi ingredients


text:
Dissociation (psychology)

Dissociation is a concept that has been developed over time and which concerns a wide array of experiences, ranging from a mild emotional detachment from the immediate surroundings, to a more severe disconnection from physical and emotional experiences. The major characteristic of all dissociative phenomena involves a detachment from reality, rather than a false perception of reality as in psychosis.

The phenomena are diagnosable under the DSM-5 as a group of disorders as well as a symptom of other disorders through various diagnostic tools. Its cause is believed to be related to neurobiological mechanisms, trauma, anxiety, and psychoactive drugs. Research has further related it to suggestibility and hypnosis.

History
French philosopher and psychologist Pierre Janet (1859–1947) is considered to be the author of the concept of dissociation. Contrary to some conceptions of dissociation, Janet did not believe that dissociation was a psychological defense.

Janet claimed that dissociation occurred only in persons who had a constitutional weakness of mental functioning that led to hysteria when they were stressed. Although it is true that many of Janet's case histories described traumatic experiences, he never considered dissociation to be a defense against those experiences. Quite the opposite: Janet insisted that dissociation was a mental or cognitive deficit. Accordingly, he considered trauma to be one of many stressors that could worsen the already-impaired "mental deficiency" of a hysteric, thereby generating a cascade of hysterical (in today's language, "dissociative") symptoms.

Although there was great interest in dissociation during the last two decades of the nineteenth century (especially in France and England), this interest rapidly waned with the coming of the new century. Even Janet largely turned his attention to other matters. There was a sharp peak in interest in dissociation in America from 1890 to 1910, especially in Boston as reflected in the work of William James, Boris Sidis, Morton Prince, and William McDougall. Nevertheless, even in America, interest in dissociation rapidly succumbed to the surging academic interest in unscientific psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

For most of the twentieth century, there was little interest in dissociation. Despite this, a review of 76 previously published cases from the 1790s to 1942 was published in 1944, describing clinical phenomena consistent with that seen by Janet and by therapists today. In 1971, Bowers and her colleagues presented a detailed, and still quite valid, treatment article. The authors of this article included leading thinkers of their time – John G. Watkins (who developed ego-state therapy) and Zygmunt A. Piotrowski (famed for his work on the Rorschach test). Further interest in dissociation was evoked when Ernest Hilgard (1977) published his neodissociation theory in the 1970s. During the 1970s and 1980s an increasing number of clinicians and researchers wrote about dissociation, particularly multiple personality disorder.

Attention to dissociation as a clinical feature has been growing in recent years as knowledge of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased, due to interest in dissociative identity disorder (DID), and as neuroimaging research and population studies show its relevance.

Psychopathological
Historically the psychopathological concept of dissociation has also another different root: the conceptualization of Eugen Bleuler that looks into dissociation related to schizophrenia.

Diagnosis
Dissociation is commonly displayed on a continuum. In mild cases, dissociation can be regarded as a coping mechanism or defense mechanism in seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress – including boredom or conflict. At the non-pathological end of the continuum, dissociation describes common events such as daydreaming. Further along the continuum are non-pathological altered states of consciousness.

More pathological dissociation involves dissociative disorders, including dissociative fugue and depersonalization derealization disorder with or without alterations in personal identity or sense of self. These alterations can include: a sense that self or the world is unreal or altered (depersonalization and derealization), a loss of memory (amnesia), forgetting identity or assuming a new self (fugue), and separate streams of consciousness, identity and self (dissociative identity disorder, formerly termed multiple personality disorder) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Although some dissociative disruptions involve amnesia, other dissociative events do not. Dissociative disorders are typically experienced as startling, autonomous intrusions into the person's usual ways of responding or functioning. Due to their unexpected and largely inexplicable nature, they tend to be quite unsettling.

Dissociative disorders are sometimes triggered by trauma, but may be preceded only by stress, psychoactive substances, or no identifiable trigger at all. The ICD-10 classifies conversion disorder as a dissociative disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders groups all dissociative disorders into a single category and recognizes dissociation as a symptom of acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder.

Misdiagnosis is common among people who display symptoms of dissociative disorders, with an average of seven years to receive proper diagnosis and treatment. Research is ongoing into etiologies, symptomology, and valid and reliable diagnostic tools. In the general population, dissociative experiences that are not clinically significant are highly prevalent with 60% to 65% of the respondents indicating that they have had some dissociative experiences.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Diagnoses listed under the DSM-5 are dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/derealization disorder, other specified dissociative disorder and unspecified dissociative disorder. The list of available dissociative disorders listed in the DSM-5 changed from the DSM-IV-TR, as the authors removed the diagnosis of dissociative fugue, classifying it instead as a subtype of dissociative amnesia. Furthermore, the authors recognized derealization on the same diagnostic level of depersonalization with the opportunity of differentiating between the two.

The DSM-IV-TR considers symptoms such as depersonalization, derealization and psychogenic amnesia to be core features of dissociative disorders. The DSM-5 carried these symptoms over and described symptoms as positive and negative. Positive symptoms include unwanted intrusions that alter continuity of subjective experiences, which account for the first two symptoms listed earlier with the addition of fragmentation of identity. Negative symptoms include loss of access to information and mental functions that are normally readily accessible, which describes amnesia.

Peritraumatic dissociation
Peritraumatic dissociation is considered to be dissociation that is experienced during and immediately following a traumatic event. Some of the symptoms include but are not limited to depersonalization, derealization, dissociative amnesia, out-of-body experiences, emotional numbness, and altered time perception. This specific disorder has been related to self preservation and the body's natural instinct to protect itself. Research is on-going related to its development, its importance, and its relationship to trauma, dissociative disorders, and predicting the development of PTSD.

Measurements
Two of the most commonly used screening tools in the community are the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory. Meanwhile, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV – Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) and its second iteration, the SCID-D-R, are both semi-structured interviews and are considered psychometrically strong diagnostic tools.

Other tools include the Office Mental Status Examination (OMSE), which is used clinically due to inherent subjectivity and lack of quantitative use. There is also the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), which lacks substantive clarity for differential diagnostics.

Peritraumatic dissociation is measured through the Peritraumatic Dissociative Scale.

Neurobiological mechanism
Preliminary research suggests that dissociation-inducing events, drugs like ketamine, and seizures generate slow rhythmic activity (1–3 Hz) in layer 5 neurons of the posteromedial cortex in humans (retrosplenial cortex in mice). These slow oscillations disconnect other brain regions from interacting with the posteromedial cortex, which may explain the overall experience of dissociation.

Trauma
Dissociation has been described as one of a constellation of symptoms experienced by some victims of multiple forms of childhood trauma, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. This is supported by studies which suggest that dissociation is correlated with a history of trauma.

Dissociation appears to have a high specificity and a low sensitivity to having a self-reported history of trauma, which means that dissociation is much more common among those who are traumatized, yet at the same time there are many people who have suffered from trauma but who do not show dissociative symptoms.

Adult dissociation when combined with a history of child abuse and otherwise interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder has been shown to contribute to disturbances in parenting behavior, such as exposure of young children to violent media. Such behavior may contribute to cycles of familial violence and trauma.

Symptoms of dissociation resulting from trauma may include depersonalization, psychological numbing, disengagement, or amnesia regarding the events of the abuse. It has been hypothesized that dissociation may provide a temporarily effective defense mechanism in cases of severe trauma; however, in the long term, dissociation is associated with decreased psychological functioning and adjustment.

Other symptoms sometimes found along with dissociation in victims of traumatic abuse (often referred to as "sequelae to abuse") include anxiety, PTSD, low self-esteem, somatization, depression, chronic pain, interpersonal dysfunction, substance abuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation or actions. These symptoms may lead the victim to present the symptoms as the source of the problem.

Child abuse, especially chronic abuse starting at early ages, has been related to high levels of dissociative symptoms in a clinical sample, including amnesia for abuse memories. It has also been seen that girls who suffered abuse during their childhood had higher reported dissociation scores than did boys who reported dissociation during their childhood. A non-clinical sample of adult women linked increased levels of dissociation to sexual abuse by a significantly older person prior to age 15, and dissociation has also been correlated with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse. When sexual abuse is examined, the levels of dissociation were found to increase along with the severity of the abuse.

Psychoactive substances
Psychoactive drugs can often induce a state of temporary dissociation. Substances with dissociative properties include ketamine, nitrous oxide, alcohol, tiletamine, amphetamine, dextromethorphan, MK-801, PCP, methoxetamine, salvia, muscimol, atropine, ibogaine, and minocycline.

Psychoactive substances that cause temporary dissociation tend to be NMDA receptor antagonists or Κ-opioid receptor agonists. Although, this is not necessarily always the case and dissociation can occur with non-hallucinogenic drugs.

Hypnosis and suggestibility
There is evidence to suggest that dissociation is correlated with hypnotic suggestibility, specifically with dissociative symptoms related to trauma. However, the relationship between dissociation and hypnotic suggestibility appears to be complex and indicates further research is necessary.

Aspects of hypnosis include absorption, dissociation, suggestibility, and willingness to receive behavioral instruction from others. Both hypnotic suggestibility and dissociation tend to be less mindful, and hypnosis is used as a treatment modality for dissociation, anxiety, chronic pain, trauma, and more. Difference between hypnosis and dissociation: one is suggested, imposed by self or other, meaning dissociation is generally more spontaneous altering of awareness.

Treatment
When receiving treatment, patients are assessed to discover their level of functioning. Some patients might be higher functioning than others. This is taken into account when creating a patient's potential treatment targets. To start off treatment, time is dedicated to increasing a patient's mental level and adaptive actions in order to gain a balance in both their mental and behavioral action. Once this is achieved, the next goal is to work on removing or minimizing the phobia made by traumatic memories, which is causing the patient to dissociate. The final step of treatment includes helping patients work through their grief in order to move forward and be able to engage in their own lives. This is done with the use of new coping skills attained through treatment. One coping skill that can improve dissociation is mindfulness due to the introduction of staying in present awareness while observing non-judgmentally and increasing the ability to regulate emotions. Specifically in adolescents, mindfulness has been shown to reduce dissociation after practicing mindfulness for three weeks.

Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytical defense mechanisms belong to Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis is associated with the concept of psychoanalytical defense mechanisms. According to the Freudian theory, defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. Freud and his daughter Anna Freud developed and elaborated on these ideas.

A 2012 review article supports the hypothesis that current or recent trauma may affect an individual's assessment of the more distant past, changing the experience of the past and resulting in dissociative states.

Jung
Carl Jung described pathological manifestations of dissociation as special or extreme cases of the normal operation of the psyche. This structural dissociation, opposing tension, and hierarchy of basic attitudes and functions in normal individual consciousness is the basis of Jung's Psychological Types. He theorized that dissociation is a natural necessity for consciousness as well—he suggested that dissociation, the process where the mind disconnects from certain thoughts or memories, is a natural part of how consciousness works. Carl Jung's theory suggests that dissociation, which is often seen as a pathological or abnormal process, is actually a natural and necessary aspect of consciousness. This ability to dissociate allows the mind to develop and evolve by creating distinct parts of the self. This concept is a key part of Jung's Psychological Types.

title: Dissociation (psychology)


text:
Jesse M. Unruh

Jesse Marvin Unruh (, ; September 30, 1922 – August 4, 1987), also known as Big Daddy Unruh, was an American politician who served as speaker of the California State Assembly and as the California State Treasurer.

Early life and education
Born September 30, 1922 in Newton, Kansas, Unruh served in the United States Navy during World War II. After the war, he enrolled at the University of Southern California, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and journalism in 1948.

California Assembly
Unruh's political career began as an unsuccessful candidate for the California State Assembly in 1950 and 1952. He was elected as a member of the Assembly on his third attempt in 1954. In 1956, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Presidential elector for California as a Democrat. In 1959, he wrote California's Unruh Civil Rights Act, which outlawed discrimination by businesses that offer services to the public and was a model for later reforms enacted nationally in the 1960s and 1970s. Unruh was Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1961 to 1969 and a delegate to Democratic National Convention from California in 1960 and 1968.

Campaign work
As a national official of the Democratic Party, he often feuded with Governor of California Pat Brown (1959–67), a fellow Democrat, and was a case-study of James Q. Wilson's treatise on machine politics, The Amateur Democrat.

Unruh was California campaign manager for John F. Kennedy in 1960 and a close Kennedy associate throughout his presidency. He helped convince Senator Robert F. Kennedy to enter the 1968 presidential race and managed his California campaign. Kennedy won the California primary, but was assassinated shortly after his victory speech at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.

U.S. President Lyndon Johnson once described Unruh as "probably one of the most selfish men" he had met in politics.

After an unsuccessful effort, managed by Unruh and Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago, to draft Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Unruh released California delegates to vote their conscience and announced that he would support Eugene McCarthy at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.

Unruh left the legislature to campaign unsuccessfully for governor against Ronald Reagan in 1970. One of his campaign workers was Timothy Kraft, who a decade later was the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of President Jimmy Carter. In 1973, Unruh ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Los Angeles.

California Treasurer
When he campaigned for state treasurer in 1974, the post was considered insignificant. Unruh's radio advertisements assured voters, "Make no mistake about it, I really want this job." Once elected, Unruh politicized the office. The Wall Street Journal noted he became "the most politically powerful public finance officer outside the U.S. Treasury". California pension funds were a major source of revenue for Wall Street underwriting companies, and Unruh secured campaign contributions in exchange for doing business with them. The New York Times said he had gained control of "an obscure post whose duties had long emphasized bookkeeping. In characteristic fashion, he soon transformed the job into a source of financial and political power that reached from California to Wall Street." Because as Treasurer he was an ex officio member of many California boards and commissions, Unruh supervised "the raising and expenditure of virtually all the state's money and consolidated his influence over billions of dollars in public investments and pension funds".

He served as state treasurer from 1975 until his death from prostate cancer on August 4, 1987, 8 months into his 4th term as treasurer. Unruh remains the second longest-serving California State Treasurer behind only Charles G. Johnson (who served 33 years between 1923 and 1956).

The University of Southern California Department of Political Science includes the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics.

Personal life
Unruh's nickname "Big Daddy" apparently derives from a character in the Tennessee Williams play, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Former Senate President pro Tempore Jim Mills in his book A Disorderly House insists it was given to Unruh by then-Assemblyman Don Allen.

Unruh was a Protestant and belonged to the American Legion. He married twice, and had five children.

He died of prostate cancer at his home in Marina Del Rey, California on August 4, 1987. He is buried in Santa Monica, California.

Legacy
The California State Treasurer's Building was rededicated and renamed the Jesse M. Unruh State Office Building by Gov. George Deukmejian on August 19, 1987.

The California State Capitol building's hearing room #4202 currently holds a picture of Jesse M. Unruh.

The California State Assembly Fellowship Program was renamed the Jesse Marvin Unruh Assembly Fellowship Program to honor the former Assembly Speaker and State Treasurer.

Quotes

 * On campaign contributions: "Money is the mother's milk of politics." 1966
 * On lobbyists: "If you can't eat their food, drink their booze, screw their women and then vote against them you've got no business being up here." Other versions exist, for instance "If you can't eat their food, drink their booze, screw their women, take their money and then vote against them, you have no business being up here."

title: Jesse M. Unruh


text:
Act of God

In legal usage in the English-speaking world, an act of God, act of nature, or damnum fatale ("loss arising from inevitable accident") is an event caused by no direct human action (e.g. severe or extreme weather and other natural disasters) for which individual persons are not responsible and cannot be held legally liable for loss of life, injury, or property damage. An act of God may amount to an exception to liability in contracts (as under the Hague–Visby Rules), or it may be an "insured peril" in an insurance policy. In Scots law, the equivalent term is damnum fatale, while most Common law proper legal systems use the term act of God.

It is legally distinct from—though often related to—a common clause found in contract law known as force majeure. In light of the scientific consensus on climate change, its modern legal applicability has been questioned by legal scholars.

Contract law
In the law of contracts, an act of God may be interpreted as an implied defense under the rule of impossibility or impracticability. If so, the promise is discharged because of unforeseen occurrences, which were unavoidable and would result in insurmountable delay, expense, or other material breach.

Under the English common law, contractual obligations were deemed sacrosanct, so failure to honor a contract could lead to an order for specific performance or internment in a debtor's prison. In 1863, this harsh rule was softened by the case of Taylor v Caldwell which introduced the doctrine of frustration of contract, which provided that "where a contract becomes impossible to perform and neither party is at fault, both parties may be excused their obligations". In this case, a music hall was burned down by act of God before a contract of hire could be fulfilled, and the court deemed the contract frustrated.

In other contracts, such as indemnification, an act of God may be no excuse, and in fact may be the central risk assumed by the promisor—e.g., flood insurance or crop insurance—the only variables being the timing and extent of the damage. In many cases, failure by way of ignoring obvious risks due to "natural phenomena" will not be sufficient to excuse performance of the obligation, even if the events are relatively rare: e.g., the year 2000 problem in computers. Under the Uniform Commercial Code, 2-615, failure to deliver goods sold may be excused by an "act of God" if the absence of such act was a "basic assumption" of the contract, and the act has made the delivery "commercially impracticable".

Recently, human activities have been claimed to be the root causes of some events previously considered natural disasters. In particular:
 * Geothermal injections of water provoking earthquakes (Basel, Switzerland, 2003)
 * Drilling provoking mud volcano (Java, 2008)

As a general principle of act of God, epidemic can be classified as an act of God if the epidemic was unforeseeable and renders the promise discharged if the promisor cannot avoid the effect of the epidemic by exercise of reasonable prudence, diligence and care, or by the use of those means which the situation renders reasonable to employ.

UK – England and Wales
An act of God is an unforeseeable natural phenomenon. Explained by Lord Hobhouse in Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council as describing an event: 1. which involves no human agency

2. which is not realistically possible to guard against

3. which is due directly and exclusively to natural causes and

4. which could not have been prevented by any amount of foresight, plans, and care.

UK – Scotland
In Tennant v Earl of Glasgow (1864 2 M (HL) 22) Lord Chancellor Westbury described a case as: "what is denominated in the law of Scotland damnum fatale — occurrences and circumstances which no human foresight can provide against, and of which human prudence is not bound to recognize the possibility; and which, when they do occur, therefore, are calamities that do not involve the obligation of paying for the consequences that may result from them."

United States
In the law of torts, an act of God may be asserted as a type of intervening cause, the lack of which would have avoided the cause or diminished the result of liability (e.g., but for the earthquake, the old, poorly constructed building would be standing). However, foreseeable results of unforeseeable causes may still raise liability. For example, a bolt of lightning strikes a ship carrying volatile compressed gas, resulting in the expected explosion. Liability may be found if the carrier did not use reasonable care to protect against sparks—regardless of their origins. Similarly, strict liability could defeat a defense for an act of God where the defendant has created the conditions under which any accident would result in harm. For example, a long-haul truck driver takes a shortcut on a back road and the load is lost when the road is destroyed in an unforeseen flood. Other cases find that a common carrier is not liable for the unforeseeable forces of nature. See Memphis & Charlestown RR Co. v. Reeves, 77 U.S. 176 (1870).

One example is that of "rainmaker" Charles Hatfield, who was hired in 1915 by the city of San Diego to fill the Morena reservoir to capacity with rainwater for $10,000. The region was soon flooded by heavy rains, nearly bursting the reservoir's dam, killing nearly 20 people, destroying 110 bridges (leaving 2), knocking out telephone and telegraph lines, and causing an estimated $3.5 million in damage in total. When the city refused to pay him (he had forgotten to sign the contract), he sued the city. The floods were ruled an act of God, excluding him from liability but also from payment.

title: Act of God


text:
Carmen Laforet

Carmen Laforet (Barcelona 6 September 1921 – Madrid, 28 February 2004) was a Spanish author who wrote in the period after the Spanish Civil War. An important European writer, her works contributed to the school of Existentialist Literature and her first novel Nada continued the Spanish tremendismo literary style begun by Camilo José Cela with his novel, La familia de Pascual Duarte. She received the Premio Nadal in 1944.

Biography
Laforet was born in Barcelona, Spain, but at the age of 2 she moved with her family to the Canary Islands where she spent her childhood. At age 12 she suffered the loss of her mother, and her father subsequently married a woman disliked by Laforet and her siblings (unsavory experiences portrayed in much of her literature). In 1939 at the age of 18, Laforet left for Barcelona where she studied Philosophy at the University of Barcelona while living with relatives. In 1942 she departed for Madrid where she studied Law at the Universidad Complutense. During her second year, she withdrew from classes to devote herself completely to writing, and between January and September 1944 she penned her first novel, Nada, which earned Editorial Destino's Nadal Prize in its first year of publication (1945). A novel of female adolescent development, Nada is considered a classic in 20th century Spanish literature, and deals with such themes as existentialism and the adolescent search for identity.

Laforet maintained a very distrustful relationship with her critics, especially after she struggled to match the outstanding critical acclaim of her first novel. However, she did publish a total of five novels: the 1952 publication of La Isla y los demonios, which is essentially the prequel to Nada; her 1955 La mujer nueva, motivated by her re-discovery of her Catholic faith and recipient of the Premio Menorca; her 1963 La insolación, the initial installment of the trilogy Tres pasos fuera del tiempo; and finally the posthumous psychological novel Al volver la esquina, published in May 2004.

Following her visit to the U.S. as a guest of the State Department in 1965, Laforet published her travel notes entitled Parelelo 35 in 1967. Her friendship with fellow Spanish author and U.S. resident Ramón J. Sender was revealed in a series of letters published in 2003 entitled Puedo contar contigo. She also authored short stories, the majority of which were published in a 1952 collection entitled La muerta, as well as novelettes that were published in a 1954 collection entitled La llamada. Four additional short stories — El infierno, Recién casados, El alivio, and El secreto de la gata — were published in the journals Ínsula (1944 & 1952), Destino (June 1953) and Bazar (March 1952) respectively. In 1987 she started post-graduate studies in Literature at Georgetown University.

During her later years Laforet suffered from Alzheimer's disease, eventually losing the ability to speak. She died in Madrid on 28 February 2004.

Nada, her most successful novel, has remained consistently in print. The publication in 2003 of Puedo contar contigo, a selection of her correspondence with Ramón J. Sender edited by Israel Rolón Barada, and the reissue of her 1955 novel, La mujer nueva, with a prologue by the same editor, however, led to renewed interest in her work, bolstered by a new English translation of Nada by Edith Grossman in 2007. In February 2007, as a commemoration of the third anniversary of her death, the Editorial Menoscuarto published for the first time a compilation of all her short stories, including five previously unpublished stories. In 2009 Cristina Cerezales published a second book about her mother, Música Blanca (Destino).

Tributes
In 2010 a school with her name was built in the neighborhood of Valderribas, in the district of Vicálvaro (Madrid).

In 2011 she was awarded, posthumously, with the Can de Plata de Gran Canaria, in the category of Arts, given by the Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria.

There are some streets with her name in Estepona (Málaga), in the neighborhood of Aguas Vivas (Guadalajara), in Majadahonda, in Torrejon de Ardoz and in the neighborhood of Soto del Henares (Madrid). Some streets in the towns of Las Palmas and San Bartolomé de Tirajana on the island of Gran Canaria were also named Carmen Laforet.

In 2004 a series of biographies dedicated to Carmen Laforet were published and directed by the writer Nuria Amat.

In 2014 The Instituto Cervantes in New York (United States) paid tribute to the author in one of its cultural activities to commemorate the seventieth anniversary of the publication of her book Nada.

A square in Barcelona was named after her: Plaça de Carmen Laforet. The square has a plaque where it can be read in Catalan: "Carmen Laforet (Barcelona 1921-Madrid 2004)... Escriptora ... Va néixer en aquesta casa, font d'inspiració de la seva primera novel·la Nada" which means: "Carmen Laforet (Barcelona 1921-Madrid 2004).. Writer ... Was born in this house, the source of inspiration for her first novel Nada."

Filmography
In 1947, a version of the novel Nada was brought to the big screen. The full-length film was directed by Edgar Nevile. Actors such as Conchita Montes, Rafael Bardem, María Denis and Fosco Giachetti, among others, took part on it. Because of the censorship of those years, thirty minutes of the film were cut and many of the scenes shot in Barcelona were obliterated.

Later, in 1956, Argentina brought to the big screen what would be an adaptation of the novel Nada, a black and white drama directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson.

Works
The literary production of the writer is wide. After the death of her mother, her father married a woman with whom Carmen did not have a good relationship. This situation was reflected in three of her works. These works, which have orphans as main characters are Nada (1945), La isla y sus demonios (1952) and La insolación (1963).

The Spanish writer tried to combine her feelings in each of her works. Several authors insist on her feminist vision, although her mystical vision of the world, should be pointed out, especially in her work La mujer nueva, whose main point is the faith of the main character. The main character of this work is Paulina, a woman who goes from criticizing the Church to practising the Catholic religion, a change she chooses on her own. Paulina stopped having a sinful life, as she had a son born out of wedlock and she also had a relationship with another man. Thus, in this work the freedom of the women to choose another way of life is joined with mysticism. This could be due to the religious belief of the author, because in the correspondence that remained for a long time with writer Ramon J. Sender, she claims to believe in God.

Intrigue and mystery are also present in many of her works. This author could be considered the precursor of the detective novel in Spain because, although currently this is a rising genre and it was started some time ago, she had done it thirty years earlier than other authors.

Laforet's works paint a dark picture of Spanish society under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, in some cases using foreign characters visiting Spain to present an outsider's view, for example, Martin, a character of her work Al volver de la esquina, published posthumously by the publisher Destino in 2004, the same year as her death. The complexity of the narrative structure, which testifies the evolution of the author's narrative, is remarkable. Al volver de la esquina is part of a trilogy entitled Tres pasos fuera del tiempo, together with La insolación and Jaque mate. This is an unfinished trilogy because, despite having talked about it in her correspondence with Ramón J. Sender, she died before publication of the final volume (in fact, nobody knows whether or not it was actually written).

Other works by the author are:
 * Nada (1944), novel.
 * La isla y los demonios (1952), novel.
 * El piano (1952), novel.
 * La muerta (1952), short stories.
 * Un noviazgo (1953), short novel.
 * El viaje divertido (1954), short novel.
 * La niña (1954), short novel.
 * Los emplazados (1954), short novel.
 * La llamada (1954), story.
 * La mujer nueva (1955), novel.
 * Un matrimonio (1956), novel.
 * Gran Canaria (1961), essay.
 * La insolación (1963), novel.
 * Paralelo 35 (1967), travel book.
 * La niña y otros relatos (1970), stories.
 * Artículos literarios (1977), a collection of articles.
 * Mi primer viaje a USA (1981) essay.
 * Rosamunda, story included in Cuentos de este siglo, Encinar, Ángeles (ed.), Barcelona, 1995.
 * Al colegio, story included in Madres e hijas, Freixas, Laura (ed.), Barcelona, 1996.
 * Al volver la esquina (2004), posthumous novel. Continues the story of La insolación.
 * Carta a Don Juan (2007), a compilation of all her short stories.
 * Romeo y Julieta II (2008), a compilation of her love stories.

Translations into English

 * Nada translated by Edith Grossman, Modern Library, 2007
 * Take Six: Six Spanish Women Writers, edited and translated by Kathryn Phillips-Miles and Simon Deefholts: Dedalus Books, 2022. (Contains a selection of Carmen Laforet’s stories in English translation).

Legacy
Since Laforet's death on 28 February 2004, renewed critical attention has focused on her lesser known works (essentially everything published after Nada), yet undoubtedly the public will always think of Nada when Laforet's name is mentioned, as evidenced by the Spanish phrase, Después de Nada, nada, or After Nada, nothing. On her 100th birthday, Laforet was honoured with a Google Doodle.

title: Carmen Laforet


text:
User:Morwen/germanimages

This is a list of (pages with) images on de. to import

 * de:Japanische_Weinbeere - Japanese wineberry? Wine raspberry?
 * de:Hagebutte - dog rose
 * de:Moltebeere - cloudberry
 * de:Johannisbeere - ???
 * de:Weintraube - Grape
 * de:Banane - Banana
 * de:Esskastanie - Chestnut
 * de:Haselnuss - Hazelnut
 * de:Kokosnuss - Coconut <- copyright issues?
 * de:Paranuss - Brazil nut
 * de:Walnuss - Walnut
 * de:Physalis - Physalis

title: User:Morwen/germanimages


text:
Aroostook River

The Aroostook River is a 112 mi tributary of the Saint John River in the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Its basin is the largest sub-drainage of the Saint John River.

The name is derived from the Malecite name Wool-ahs-took, translated by Ganong as "good river for everything". It appears as Arassatuk (DeRozier, 1699).

History
In the late 1830s, the territory comprising the river's drainage area was the scene of the Aroostook War, a boundary dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Geography
The river rises in northeastern Maine from the confluence of Millinocket Stream and Munsungan Stream in Maine Township 8, Range 8, WELS, in northern Penobscot County. The river winds east and northeast through Aroostook County. It runs through Ashland, and passes north of Presque Isle and east of Caribou. It joins the Saint John River in Aroostook, New Brunswick, 2 mi after crossing the Canada–United States border.

The United States government maintains two river flow gages on the Aroostook. The first is located near Masardis, Maine (46.5225°N, -68.37306°W) where the rivershed is 892 sqmi. The second is at Washburn, Maine (46.77667°N, -68.15806°W) where the rivershed is 1654 sqmi. By Fort Fairfield, Maine the rivershed is 2301 sqmi. At Masardis, the maximum recorded flow is 29,500 cuft/s and the minimum 41 cuft per second. At Washburn, the maximum recorded flow is 49500 cuft per second and the minimum 75 cuft per second. Annual maximum flows occur during the spring snow melt and minimums in the fall. The highest flood levels at both gages occurred during ice-dam induced floods, which occur relatively often on this river. Such flooding occurred in March and April 1999, April and May 2003, and April 2004.

The International Appalachian Trail runs along the river for several miles. Hikers cross the river, pass through customs, and cross the international boundary at Fort Fairfield, Maine.

Nature
The river has a small run of Atlantic salmon. From 1998 to 2001, the number of adults returning to the river ranged from seventeen to thirty.

title: Aroostook River


text:
User:Sasha Slutsker

/ Swtiched my account /

title: User:Sasha Slutsker


text: User talk:209.175.22.2

title: User talk:209.175.22.2


text:
Poshekhonye

Poshekhonye (Пошехо́нье) is a town and the administrative center of Poshekhonsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Sogozha River, 151 km northwest of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:

It was previously known as Pertoma (until 1777), Poshekhonye (until 1918), Poshekhonye-Volodarsk (until 1992).

History
It was founded as the village of Pertoma (Пертома) in the 17th century. In 1777, it was granted town status and renamed Poshekhonye. In 1918, the town was renamed Poshekhonye-Volodarsk (Пошехо́нье-Волода́рск), after V. Volodarsky. It bore that name until 1992, when it regained its old name of Poshekhonye.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Poshekhonye serves as the administrative center of Poshekhonsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Poshekhonsky District as the town of district significance of Poshekhonye. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Poshekhonye is incorporated within Poshekhonsky Municipal District as Poshekhonye Urban Settlement.

Economy
A popular variety of mass-produced cheese in Russia is called "Poshekhonsky". The original cheese factory in the city is currently no longer operating, although plans were made in 2007 to re-open it.

title: Poshekhonye


text:
Demographic history of Quebec

This is a demographic history of Quebec chronicling the evolution of the non-indigenous population in Quebec.

title: Demographic history of Quebec


text:
User talk:Alexad

Hello Alexad, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at the new user log so that we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the village pump.

Again, welcome! ugen64 20:52, Mar 15, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexad


text:
José Francisco Barrundia

José Francisco Barrundia y Cepeda (May 12, 1787, Guatemala City – August 4, 1854, New York City) was a liberal Central American politician. From June 26, 1829 to September 16, 1830 he was interim president of the United Provinces of Central America.

Background
Barrundia was born in Guatemala. He studied at the Colegio Tridentino, where he became a bachelor of philosophy on March 19, 1803. His brother Juan Barrundia was head of the province of Guatemala in 1829.

José Barrundia was considered an outstanding intellectual and man of letters, fluent in several languages. He translated into Spanish the Livingston Code (penal code of Louisiana) in order to adapt it to the country. He was a populist member of the Central American Congress and in his later career he served as minister plenipotentiary of Honduras in New York City.

Political career and presidency
In 1825 he was elected the first vice president of the United Provinces of Central America, under Manuel José Arce, but he declined the office. He did serve as senator. From Congress he criticized the increasing conservatism of Arce. In 1826 Arce unconstitutionally dissolved the Congress, and this led to civil war.

He was a strong supporter of Honduran liberal Francisco Morazán. With the fall of Arce and the triumph of Morazán, Barrundia became interim president of the United Provinces (July 1829), with a mandate to organize elections. Elections were held in July 1830, and in September Morazán succeeded him as president.

After serving as president
From 1831 to 1835 he was secretary of education of the state government of Guatemala, under Mariano Gálvez. It was during this time that he translated the Livingston Code. However, he became estranged from Gálvez, and in 1838 contributed to his fall from power. This led to the ascent of Conservative Rafael Carrera. In 1839 he proposed to the Guatemalan Congress the withdrawal of the state from the Central American Federation. This was approved by Congress.

In 1848 he founded the newspaper Album Republicano.

A strong supporter of human rights, in 1850 he opposed Carrera, because of his bloody regime and his ignorance. He also challenged the influence of the Church. Before his death he became minister of Honduras, negotiating in Washington, D.C. for annexation to the United States.

Though not a rich man, Barrundia refused his salary for the public positions he held.

He died in New York in 1854 while serving as Honduran minister plenipotentiary. Guatemalan President Manuel Estrada Cabrera had his remains repatriated in 1913.

title: José Francisco Barrundia


text:
User talk:JEMcN

Hello JEMcN, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at the new user log so that we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How does one edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the village pump.

Again, welcome! ugen64 20:53, Mar 15, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:JEMcN


text:
Đồng Nai province

Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital city and the largest city in Đồng Nai is Biên Hòa.

Geography
Đồng Nai is in southeastern Vietnam and bordered by: Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, Bình Dương and Bình Phước, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, and Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). Đồng Nai has an advanced traffic system with many backbone national roads crossing it, such as: National Route 1A, National Route 20, National Route 51 and the North–South railway lines; located adjacent to the Saigon Port and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, it offers many advantages to economic activities in the area. Its location is very important for the development of the Southern economic main hub and a junction of the South Eastern and Tây Nguyên Highland.

Đồng Nai is based essentially on the system of lakes, dams and rivers, of which Trị An Lake with an area of 323km² and over 60 rivers, rivulets and canals are very favorable for the development of a number of aquatic products: raft bred fish and shrimp. The seasonal tropical forests are protected in Cát Tiên National Park, located in the north of Đồng Nai and the adjacent Vĩnh Cửu Nature Reserve; the former has been recognized internationally as a significant biosphere reserve. From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, Vietnam's largest internal waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way. This river plays a crucial role in providing fresh water for the entire region.

Climate
Đồng Nai lies in the monsoon tropical zone and is affected by the north-east and south-west monsoon. It is also under the influence of the Pacific Ocean tropical atmosphere between April and October. The climate is divided into two distinct seasons: the rainy season lasts from March or April to November and the dry season from December to March or April of the following year. The average temperature is between 23.9 and 29.0 °C, much lower than the standard level of tropical regions (26-30 °C). Its annual rainfall is quite high with 1,500 - 2,700 mm.

On average, the weather is sunny for 4.0-9.5 hours a day and does not exceed 11.5 hours per day, even on the hottest and sunniest days. Total rainy days within a year are between 120 and 170 days (the standard level of tropical regions is 150–160 days) with a total rainfall of some 1,500 - 2,750 mm. The average humidity is around 80 - 82% and humidity in the dry season is 10-12%, lower than that of the rainy season; humidity varies considerably between areas.

Đồng Nai's weather with regular sunshine, rain, and high humidity, equally found in the localities, facilitates agricultural production and development of industrial, cultural and tourist activities.

Resources
Đồng Nai is plentiful with resources such as forests, granite mines, construction stone, clay, kaolin, pozzolan, sand and gravel.

Demographics
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's most populous provinces (ranked fifth) with a population of 2,838,600 in 2014. Its population has been growing rapidly in recent years, mainly driven by migrant workers coming to the province to work in factories. Population growth was 1.95% in 2005, between 2.5% from 2008 to 2010 and 3.5% in 2011. Net migration contributed 2.2% to this figure. Đồng Nai is second only to Bình Dương province in both population growth and net migration.

The population of Đồng Nai is primarily the dominant Kinh (Viet) ethnicity, although there are residents of the Chinese, Stieng, Mạ, Nùng, Tay, and Cham minorities.

Transportation
Đồng Nai has made significant progress in upgrading its transport infrastructure, especially roads. National highways in the province have a total length of 244.5 km and have been improved and widened up to level 1 and 2 standards (National Highway No. 5 and 6) or up to third grade like National Highway No. 20 to Đà Lạt. The total roads system in the province is 3,339 kilometers long, of which almost 700 kilometers are tar roads. All communes and wards are connected to the road network.

Under scheme in the near future, highways to Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province and Ho Chi Minh City, a railway connecting Biên Hòa to Vũng Tàu, upgrading provincial road No. 726 and connecting National Highway No. 20 and No. 1 with National Highway No. 51 will create a complete system, promoting socioeconomic development in the province and region.

A new airport, Long Thành International Airport, is planned for construction in Long Thành district, Đồng Nai, approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. Upon completion, it will handle international flights in place of Tan Son Nhat International Airport, which will serve domestic flights.

Administrative divisions

Đồng Nai is subdivided into 11 district-level sub-divisions:

 * 9 districts:
 * Cẩm Mỹ
 * Định Quán
 * Long Thành
 * Nhơn Trạch
 * Tân Phú
 * Thống Nhất
 * Trảng Bom
 * Vĩnh Cửu
 * Xuân Lộc
 * 2 provincial cities:
 * Biên Hòa (capital)
 * Long Khánh

They are further subdivided into eight commune-level towns (or townlets), 122 communes, and 40 wards.

Economy
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers and one of the most developed provinces.

Agriculture
Despite its strong focus on industrial development, Đồng Nai still has a substantial agricultural sector. Agricultural land accounts for 47% of the province's area as of 2011, a total of 277,600 ha. This is lower than in other provinces in the Southeast region, except for Ho Chi Minh City. Cereals were grown on 118,600 ha in 2011, an area that has been decreasing gradually in recent years, from 139,300 ha in 2005. The output of rice has, however, remained stable and was at 335,200t in 2011. The province also produced 305,300t of maize, making it the largest producer of maize outside the country's mountainous regions and contributing 6.3% to the national maize output. Đồng Nai also produced 619,700t of sugar cane (3.5% of the national output), sweet potatoes and cassava.

Đồng Nai is the largest livestock producer among Vietnam's provinces and there are plans to further invest in the sector. The government reserved 15,000 ha for livestock farming in 2012, mostly for poultry and pigs. In 2011 there were 1.33 million pigs and 10.655 million poultry. Despite not being located along the coast, Đồng Nai produced 41,600t of fishery products in 2011. Over 90% of this was produced in 33,500 ha of aquaculture farms. This makes Đồng Nai the largest aquaculture producer outside the Mekong Delta.

Industry
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers. It has attracted 9.1% of FDI into Vietnam by 2011, an accumulated US$18.2 billion, the fourth largest after Ho Chi Minh City, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province and Hanoi. Industrial gross output in 2011 was VND 314 trillion, 10.6% of the national value. It has received a broad range of FDI projects, including a Bosch auto component plant, a Toshiba motor plant, a PepsiCo beverage factory, a Posco steel plant, and a Nestlé coffee factory.

Ecology
A large part of Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve, include Nam Cát Tiên, is located in Dong Nai province.

Tri An Dam, besides providing electricity, it also helps to regulate floods and ensure drinking water for people in the area.

As a result of the Viet Nam war, some areas around Bien Hoa Air Base were dioxin pollution. The authorities are trying to clean up these areas.

As defined by a 2008 World Bank survey, the province is one of the five most-polluted in Vietnam.

Education

 * Đồng Nai University
 * Lạc Hồng University
 * Lương Thế Vinh high school
 * Ngô Quyền high school

 * Vietnam Police Fire Prevention & Fighting University (T06/K56) campus Southern
 * Vietnam People's Security University (T04/T47) campus in Đồng Nai province
 * Second Army Officer University school – Nguyễn Huệ University
 * Vietnam People's Security College (T08)
 * Branch of Vietnam National University of Forestry in Đồng Nai province
 * Eastern University of Technology
 * Đồng Nai University of Technology
 * Lê Quý Đôn College
 * Technology and Management Sonadezi College
 * Đồng Nai High Technology College
 * Đồng Nai Technical College
 * Đồng Nai Medical College

title: Đồng Nai province


text: User talk:81.153.39.40

title: User talk:81.153.39.40


text:
Manuel José Arce

Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga (1 January 1787 – 14 December 1847) was a Salvadoran statesman and military officer who served as the first president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829.

Background
Manuel José Arce was the son of Spaniard Bernardo José de Arce, the Colonial Intendant of the Intendancy of San Salvador from 1800 until 1801, and Antonia Fagoaga. He was born in the Intendancy of San Salvador, what is now El Salvador. In 1801 he was sent to Guatemala to continue his education. There he graduated in philosophy from the Colegio de San Francisco Borja. He began the study of medicine at the Universidad de San Carlos de Borromeo, but it was interrupted because of his father's sickness. In December 1808, he married Felipa de Aranzamendi y Aguiar in San Salvador.

Independence movement
Arce joined the movement for independence from Spain, joining in the first Cry for Independence on 5 November 1811 in San Salvador. It was led by his uncle, José Matías Delgado, the vicar of San Salvador. The rebels held the government for nearly a month before royal authority was restored from Guatemala. Arce was also involved in the second uprising that began 22 January 1814. This cost him four years in prison.

He strongly opposed the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide and its efforts to annex Central America. In April 1822 Manuel Arzú, in command of Guatemalan troops supporting Mexico, occupied the cities of Santa Ana, El Salvador, and Sonsonate. On 3 June 1822, Arzú entered San Salvador, reaching the Plaza Mayor. Nine hours of fighting resulted in many casualties and burned houses. Colonel Arce was one of the commanders of the Salvadoran defenders.

Arce was also a member of the resistance towards the movement that was requesting annexation to the United States. The government of El Salvador had requested annexation to the United States on 2 December 1822.

In October 1823 he left the United States to return to El Salvador. He stopped in Mexico. There he tried to raise a force to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule but it failed.

As president
Also in October 1823 he was elected a member of the executive triumvirate of Central America. He accepted this post on 15 March 1824 on his return to the country, serving until 20 October 1824. During this time the government succeeded in pacifying Nicaragua, with a minimum of violence.

Presidential elections were held in 1825, and José Cecilio del Valle won the most votes. The Liberals, however, controlled the federal Congress, and they decided that Valle had not won an absolute majority. They chose Arce as president. He served from 29 April 1825 to 13 April 1829.

He soon lost the support of the Liberals in Congress. After 1826 neither house of the federal Congress met. Arce obtained some support from the clergy and the Conservative Party, but there were difficulties with the State of Guatemala. He deposed the Guatemalan state governor, Juan Barrundia, a Liberal, and replaced him. The Salvadoran state government was angry and rebelled, and a civil war started that lasted from 1826 to 1829. On 1829 Arce called Vice President Mariano Beltranena y Llano to temporarily exercise the presidency, but when Arce wanted to resume it, Beltranena refused and remained in office until April 1829 when the liberals troops entered Guatemala City and overthrew his administration.

Later life
In 1832 he was in Soconusco in Mexico, where he organized a military expedition against the federal government of Francisco Morazán. Arce was defeated on 24 February 1832.

He finally returned to El Salvador in 1842, but soon he fled to Honduras and Guatemala. In April and May 1844 he directed some armed attempts to overthrow Francisco Malespín in El Salvador. He returned again to the country in the middle of 1845. He left politics for a more private life in 1846, working on his book Brief Indications for the Reorganization of Central America.

Arce died in poverty in San Salvador on 14 December 1847. His remains were interred at La Merced Church in San Salvador. On 28 November 1947 the Legislature elevated the town of El Chilamatal to a city, renaming it in the process city of Ciudad Arce.

title: Manuel José Arce