text:
Talk:Henry VII of England

Semi-protected edit request on 7 December 2020
Request for inclusion of a link to the Council of Wales and the Marches at the end of the first paragraph of the section on 'Law Enforcement and the JPs'. Such as:

Following Edward IV's example, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, Prince of Wales which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall.

References can be found on the pages for Arthur, Prince of Wales and the Council of Wales and the Marches. Hughestoni (talk) 13:39, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Please give the exact references from those pages you think are appropriate to the sentence you wish to add - otherwise we would just be guessing. Agricolae (talk) 15:29, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 December 2020
Thanks& sorry not include sources - please include the following paragraph at the end of the first paragraph of the section on 'Law Enforcement and the JPs'. (references from Arthur, Prince of Wales and Council of Wales and the Marches referring to the Council).

Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Hughestoni (talk) 08:58, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not convinced that it is an appropriate insertion as neither of the citations is about Henry VII. This is a biography of Henry VII and should contain the things that are normally in biographies of Henry VII. One of your citations is a biography of Arthur and the other is on 15th-century Wales. Celia Homeford (talk) 13:02, 9 December 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 December 2020
Please

Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall.

(Reference 1: Arthur (who died aged about 15) was Henry's son so Arthur did not create himself prince or create the council himself - Henry VII did so on his son's behalf. Does that therefore mean that Henry VII created the Council and it was something that he did as king? This is a valid reference given that Arthur was not of age and this was created by Henry himself). If you dislike this reference then please include the next instead.

(Reference 2: This is an article on 'Wales and the Marches in the Fifteenth Century' and therefore covers Henry VII's reign, particularly pp. 163-65). If you dislike this reference given that Henry VII is not mentioned in the title then please include the next one instead.

(Reference 3: This refers to the section in Chrimes's book on 'Policy towards Wales and Ireland' = Wales being pp. 245-57 but reference to Henry's creation of the Council of Wales being pp. 249 to 256.

If you dislike this reference then I can provide more as necessary - because Henry created the Council of Wales for his son Prince Arthur - I'm not inventing it - it's there in all the biographies so it should be included on this page). Hughestoni (talk) 09:08, 10 December 2020 (UTC)
 * No-one suggested you invented it. Celia Homeford (talk) 09:38, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. where exactly do you want to insert this? SSSB (talk) 10:32, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

Edmund/Edward
In the issue section, there is a doubt, if a Edward did exist by the looks of it, as it has possible confused with Edmund, yet Henry VIII called his two daughters Mary and Elizabeth despite desperately wanting a son, I can only think, he named both his daughters after his young sisters, so it would made sense, that he called his son by his young brother, who died, that Edward must have existed. PS I know that was long winded. Japhes5005 (talk) 14:36, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

 * There are several books by historian that acknowledge Edward's existence as well, such as 'Britain's Royal Families The Complete Genealogy" by Alison Weir, and "Henry VIII" by JJ Scarisbrick. Not to mention the claim that he is put to rest in Westminster Abbey. 80.112.156.214 (talk) 18:35, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 December 2020
Request for inclusion of a mention and link to the Council of Wales and the Marches at the end of the first paragraph of the section on 'Law Enforcement and the JPs'. (as requested 7 December 2020).

CURRENT PAGE:
 * Semi-protection-unlocked.svg Not done: According to the page's protection level you should be able to edit the page yourself. If you seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details. — Andy W. ( talk ) 02:13, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

Law enforcement and Justices of the Peace
Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants).

He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence…

PROPOSED CHANGE:

Law enforcement and Justices of the Peace
Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall.

He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence…

EXPLANATION:

Henry created the Council of Wales for his son Prince Arthur as part of the restoration of royal authority in Wales. Justification for the references is explained in my requests of 7, 8 and 10 December 2020, but if the ODNB for Prince Arthur and Griffiths on Wales in the Fifteenth Century are not good enough (suggested by Celia Homeford on 9 December) I include the page reference to the creation of the Council of Wales as stated in Chrimes’ biography of Henry VII. Hughestoni (talk) 09:17, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

Statement about end of Wars of the Roses
The "Rise to the throne" section ends with the statement "Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses". This is highly debatable. There were still Yorkists out there and they continued to be a threat to the thrown into the reign of Henry VIII. Indeed for much of Henry VII's reign he was worried about potential claimants from the house of York, particularly those using Edward of Warwick as a figure head. Most of these did not result in actual fighting, but some did, notably in the early reign of Henry VII. generally the Stafford and Lovell rebellion of 1486 and the rising in favour of Lambert Simnel (a false Warwick) in 1487 are counted by modern historians as part of the Wars of the Roses. The latter was ultimately led by the leading male adult survivor of the House of York, and Richard III's designated heir, John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln and was a serious military attempt to put a member of the House of York on the throne. Lincoln's death and the destruction of the Yorkist Army at the Battle of Stoke Field ultimately proved to be the last major battle between Yorkists and Tudor/Lancasterian force. The battle's article says that it "may be considered the last battle of the Wars of the Roses", while I would also note that the main Wars of the Roses article gives 16 June 1487 as the date of the Wars' conclusion (ie the date of the Battle of Stoke Field, not Bosworth). I would therefore suggest modifying the current text. Dunarc (talk) 15:50, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

Dates of reign in Infobox
The infobox gives 22 August 1485 as the date of the start of his reign. While for all practical purposes this is correct as it is the date his army defeated and killed Richard III at Bosworth Field, but as it notes elsewhere in the article he legally dated his reign as starting on 21 August 1485. There was a good legal reason for this as it meant anyone fighting for Richard at Bosworth was guilty of treason as they were retrospectively fighting against their legal king. This meant that they had to be pardoned by Henry, giving him power over them, or in some cases, eg William Catesby, had a legal basis for executing them or (as in the case of The Earl of Surrey) a firmer legal basis for imprisoning them. Obviously the 21 August 1485 date is problematic as it was essentially legal fiction, but I wonder if it needs to be noted somehow in the infobox to avoid confusion? I would be grateful for others' thoughts on this. Dunarc (talk) 21:01, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Infoboxes just can't cope with this sort of thing, which is why they are so dreadful. The article should explain this, with refs, which it doesn't at present, but the infobox should just follow the main sources. Johnbod (talk) 01:31, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I will try at some point to fish out a good source and make the date issue clearer in the actual article. Dunarc (talk) 23:53, 11 January 2021 (UTC)

Henry VII's infant daughter Elizabeth, is it "Elizabeth" or "Elizabeth Tudor"?
Regarding children of monarchs who died young, without any titles, do we just call them by their first name, or should we also include their last name too, as I noticed for James II's daughter, Isabel Stuart, instead of just "Isabel"? Yourlocallordandsavior (talk) 22:00, 18 May 2021 (UTC)

No, Edmund of Langley did not marry his niece!
"It also ended future discussion as to whether the descendants of the fourth son of Edward III, Edmund, Duke of York, through marriage to Philippa, heiress of the second son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had a superior or inferior claim to those of the third son John of Gaunt, who had held the throne for three generations"

Edmund, Duke of York, most certainly did not marry his niece, Philippa, daughter of the Duke of Clarence. Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, the 3rd Earl of March. Edmund Mortimer's son was Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March. Roger's son was another Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund Mortimer's sister Anne, married Richard, Earl of Cambridge, the second son of Edmund, Duke of York. Their son Richard possessed the Mortimer claim to the throne.

I would be happy to make the change myself but the page is locked, so I can only ask that whoever cares enough to keep control of this page please fix this very obvious error. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wayside55 (talk • contribs) 21:37, 18 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I removed that bit, which was uncited. Celia Homeford (talk) 14:49, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 September 2021
Change the date of Henry’s daughter Katherine’s death from February 10, 1503 to February 18, 1503. Henry’s youngest daughter Katherine died on February 18, 1503; not February 10. His wife Elizabeth of York died in February 11 and their daughter, born on February 2, “lived not long after” and “tarried but a small season after her mother” before being “called unto a far better kingdom.” She died in the Tower on February 18, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The site of her grave is unknown; probably, like her brother Edmund, she was interred in the Confessor’s Chapel in an unmarked grave. (Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and Her World by Alison Weir). 2601:1C2:1:800:5853:41A0:25C3:B1BD (talk) 00:38, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 00:45, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

Henry VII religion
Minor correction on the kings religion should be made he was Roman Catholic and not Anglican. 2603:8000:F43:6100:59DF:282F:B264:96F1 (talk) 04:58, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I have removed this. Agricolae (talk) 06:20, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Christ's College
Hello with correct citation formatting, I am hoping to add a great contribution of Henry's based on these two sources:. It would state that Henry granted his mother letters patent to establish Christ's college in 1505 and it would go right after the sentence that mentions 1505 in his later years.Foorgood (talk) 12:26, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I suggest you start at References dos and don'ts and then follow the 'See also' links to the Help pages. By the way, these are not very strong sources because neither is actually about Henry VII. One is about coats of arms and the other is about the college. Celia Homeford (talk) 12:46, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * This article has sources other than his biographies are you saying those need to be removed? Here is a source about henry and his mother . As i said the article has sources that are for example about henry viii. its just so strange that you would nitpick on that.Foorgood (talk) 13:19, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The third reference is for archivists at St John's College, Cambridge. Mathsci (talk) 14:57, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * For Christ's College, Cambridge, there was a quincentenary history edited by David Reynolds, "Christ's: A Cambridge College over Five Centuries" (Macmillan, 2004) with contributions from Simon Schama, Roy Porter and David Cannadine. There are also the statutes of God's House & Christ's College, a short book. God's House was previously built on the lands of King's College Chapel, which is associated with Henry VII. Mathsci (talk) 15:27, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Harris Rackham wrote the "Early Statutes of Christ's College, Cambridge" (1927) preceded by the statutes of the prior foundation of God's House (in Latin with a parallel English translation). Mathsci (talk) 15:44, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I dont understand what you mean its about henry and his mother. As i said there are several sources in the bibliography of this article that dont have henry vii in the title here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England#Bibliography
 * Richard the Third. Sphere Books. ISBN 978-0-351-17095-9.
 * MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). "The Consolidation of England 1485–1603". In Morrill, John (ed.). The ::Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Oxford ::History of Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. American ::Philosophical Society. ISBN 9780871691613.
 * Starkey, David (2006). Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to Modernity. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-724766-0.
 * Stephens, W. R. W (1876). Memorials of the South Saxon See and Cathedral Church of Chichester. London: Bentley.
 * Warnicke, Retha M. (2000). The Marrying of Anne of Cleves: Royal Protocol in Early Modern England. ::Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521179690.
 * Weir, Alison (1995). The Princes in the Tower. New York: Ballantine. ISBN 978-0-345-39178-0.
 * Weir, Alison (2007). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 9780802198754.
 * Weir, Alison (2013). Elizabeth of York: The First Tudor Queen.Foorgood (talk) 15:04, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * (e/c) A Wikipedia biography should have content that modern scholarly biographers of the subject think is relevant. We should not just include a documentable fact because we personally think it is interesting. With several book-length biographies of Henry to draw from, if they don't include a particular fact in their 300+ pages, it would be giving that information undue weight to include it in an article that is only a fraction of that size. The citations you have given would support its inclusion in an article about Christ's College, or one about Margaret, but if several book-lengh biographies of Henry fail to mention it, then it may not be an important enough aspect of his own life to merit mention in our article about him.
 * And yes, the page does currently include material cited to other sources. This does not mean it necessarily should. In some cases this is harmless, simply a matter of convenience - information that is typically found in a Henry VII biography is just easier to cite from other sources readily to hand (for example, rather than struggling with Google Books snippets of the material in the biographies). That is acceptable - we are aiming for what might be found in an 'average' Henry VII biography of similar length, but the source we cite for that information need not be a biography. On the other hand, some of the material that is currently in the article shouldn't be. It is the aspirational nature of Wikipedia that pages start out poor in quality, with much indiscriminate information and less reliable citations (or no citations at all), with the idea being to just get something out there so more people see it and start progressively improving it until it is high quality. When an article reaches a particular point in this process, even if nobody has the immediate time or motivation to go though it and purge all of the remaining problematic material, at least we want to stop it from getting worse by resisting further indiscriminate or badly-cited material being added. Given its length and overall quality, this article has moved beyond the 'lets just get something out there' stage, and improved to a point where an 'other poor material is already in the article so why can't I add more poor material' argument runs seriously counter to this aspiration. Agricolae (talk) 15:26, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * So is my new edit which is not about Christ college but Kings college chapel acceptable? Its from a biography already listed in the article and the chapter is titled Financial and Economic Security under the heading How did Henry spend his money. Am i not able to make edits without checking if you accept them first?Foorgood (talk) 17:19, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Similar content appears in the articles on King's College Chapel, Cambridge and Gothic architecture (with multiple images of the exterior, fan vaulting, stained glass, etc). Mathsci (talk) 17:52, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * This biography says he brought it to completion but ok.Foorgood (talk) 18:20, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * When Henry VII died in 1509, construction of the Chapel had not ended. An accessible BBC film by Lucy Worsley describes the Chapel, somewhat light-heartedly. There is a short 1923 account of King's College Chapel by Walter Poole Littlechild, clerk to the College; he writes ,"Henry VII, who has been credited with an excessive tendency to accumulate treasure, was, next to the Founder, much the largest contributor. A short time before his death in 1509, moved perhaps to emulate the liberal example of his pious mother, he gave £5,000 to the college, with instructions to his executors to finish the building. May we not also think that Richard Fox, Founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Bishop of Winchester from 1500 to 1528, who was Henry VII's constant adviser, Privy Seal, and one of his executors, had something to do with this mark of Henry's generosity and favour? This sum of £5,000 was probably all spent by the beginning of 1512, when the King's executors made over to the Provost and scholars, in 1511-12, a second sum of £5,000. Thus in 1515, in the 7th year of King Henry VIII's reign, the stonework of the chapel was completed." In the book, "Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England" by Thomas Penn (2013), Penn writes that, in 1506, Henry VII "progressed into East Anglia, stopping off at Cambridge, where they were treated to a number of orations praising the munificence of Henry,and in particular his mother, towards the university. While there, Henry took note of the half completed shell of King’s College Chapel, which 'resteth as yet unperfected and unfinished, little or nothing wrought or done thereupon' since the death of his uncle Henry VI a half-century previously." This seems fine, even if some effort was needed to find the sources. Mathsci (talk) 22:48, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * may i ask you and others why if other things that Henry VIII did are mentioned in the article, why may i not add that he is also known for initiating the English Reformation.Foorgood (talk) 20:13, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Arguments for inclusion of desired content should never depend, at least in any but the most general sense, on the presence of other topics in the article, because it makes inclusion contingent on the happenstance of Wikipedia editing. The argument for inclusion/exclusion is real simple. If modern scholarly biographies of Henry VII give sufficient coverage to this aspect of his reign, then our article should give it proportionate coverage. If these biographies do not mention it, or only do so in passing in a 300+ page book, then it shouldn't be included. None of this has anything to do with whether something else entirely may currently be found in the article. Agricolae (talk) 23:11, 25 March 2022 (UTC)

Recent research on Cabot
The article on John Cabot gives very detailed information on Henry's letters patent concerning Cabot and his sons. The Bristolian William Weston who accompanied Cabot is also mentioned. The article on Cabot is extremely detailed and involves research only unearthed in 2008 and properly understood in 2018 (by historians at the University of Bristol). Statements from a 2006 book on anglicanism cannot be relevant to Cabot's voyages. The article on Cabot gives careful references and statements. Why make careless and unreliable statements on this article that are at odds with the article on Cabot? Of course, a wikipedia article cannot be used as a source for another article, but the WP:RSs used on Cabot and its verifiability of content can be re-used in this article. Please take time to read and digest the article on "John Cabot" before trying to insert new content that contradicts that article. At first glance the article on Cabot seems very well-written and meticulously sourced. Thanks, Mathsci (talk) 17:26, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Mathsci, i was simply copying what is declared here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire#Origins_(1497%E2%80%931583). I can simply remove the part about him landing on Newfoundland if that is what you are disputing. You are not disputing that Henry commissioned him to search for the route right?Foorgood (talk) 17:36, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I already said that in general another random wikipedia article is not an acceptable source for this article; that applies to British Empire: there was no notion of "British Empire" in the late 15th century. Please look at the material on John Cabot. It's a bit long, but makes precise statements about Henry and Cabot. As other editors have previously attempted, I'm just trying to explain the general method of adding new content: find reliable sources and check that they are an accurate summary of those sources. Mathsci (talk) 18:07, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok i found it mentioned in his biography, let me know if theres something in the sentence that you say is at odds with Cabots article.Foorgood (talk) 18:21, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

Obsession with King Arthur and his Welsh identity
Henry's obsession with King Arthur was one that stemmed from Welsh mythology; which is why he carried the Red dragon of Wales into battle, it signified his links with Brythonic (Welsh) rulers.

In Arthurian legend, Arthur drove back the invading Saxons from Britain; thus making him 'Pen' (Welsh: Head) 'Draig/Drac/dracco' (Dragon), something both Owain Glyndŵr and Henry's father, Edmond Tudor illustrated themselves wearing dragon-topped crowns to symbolise their links to King Uther or/and Arthur.

When Henry VII won the battle on Bosworth against Richard III, he carried the red dragon with him to London, where he blessed it under the eyes of god as St.Paul's Cathedral.. this was crucially important to him because it signified that the dragon of Britain (Wales) once again reclaimed the throne from the invading Saxons (English), There's no confusion why Henry's son; Henry VIII created the round table at Winchester.. it was to (again), show that the Arthurian legend was materialised within the Tudor dynasty.

What confuses me the most is how modern scholars/historians choose to play down the Tudor family's links to Welsh identity and wish to portray them as simply 'English', which is wholly simplified and buys into England's 'English' history when avoiding the elephant in the room that the TewDwr dynasty (Tudors) of Penmynydd, Ynys Môn, Gogledd Cymru rose up and ruled both England and Wales represented under the COA of the Red Dragon of Wales and the hound of Richmond/Brittany.. the COA should be the biggest hint to how they viewed themselves.

When Henry VIII annexed Wales with (not into) England, prior to (1535 and 1542) Wales wasn't fully represented on its own, but followed the realm of greater England with Wales being England's principality, so when the Laws in Wales Acts passed, Wales was regarded as equals to England; thus the reasoning behind the term 'England and Wales', however on paper the Welsh language seemed to take a back seat, the Welsh language was respected greater than ever.

However, as soon as the Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Elizabeth I, Wales' legal status' was stripped away, instead of the term 'England and Wales' representing equality, through the new Scotland/England kingdom, the term now represented, once again; the realm of greater England.. the term was never scrapped, but instead.. recycled, which is how 'England and Wales Cricket board' can get away with promoting their own team as simply 'England Cricket'.

So I feel when editors edit pages which deals with people who originate from Wales, that they should first look at what Welsh historians have to say before looking at mainstream sources who've never researched Welsh history, Welsh language nor looked into his family links in Wales, it's very easy to neglect these important information if your eyes are fixated on narratives that wish to portray a person as their 'own people'.. with one example being the new book 'Queen's Jubilee book for children', with the Tudor dynasty showing up on England's history rather than Wales (where they originated) and because of this; viewpoints can be seen as depicting Henry VII as an English King rather than Welsh.Hogyncymru (talk) 22:39, 4 May 2022 (UTC)

Article in text inaccurate
Claims he had very fair hair in text, yet in portrait his hair is dark? Get it corrected 86.165.17.214 (talk) 16:50, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

Should the article reflect his nationality? A consensus
The reason for me wanting his nationality shown on Henry's article is for this very reason;, when looking at his coat of arms, you have the Welsh dragon and the hound of both Richmond and Brittany.. the dragon isn't anchored/chained where-as the hound is, what this shows us is that he viewed himself purely Welsh.

His whole Tudor family were natives of Penmynydd, North Wales and as such; it is highly improbable to assume that he did not speak his native Welsh tongue regardless of how long he spent time away from Wales, using the Welsh tongue would've proved essential when communicating with fellow Welshmen to exchange information, to barter, to listen to poets/signers etc.

The reason he carried the Welsh dragon was to show his Welsh ancestry, which was an incredibly powerful tool to persuade fellow Welshmen to fight for his cause.. as the Arthurian dragon was heavily engrained within Welsh society at that time; so to have the dragon take hold of the English throne was a huge symbolic reference which evidently shows how Welsh people viewed themselves during this time which rubbishes people's opinions that Welsh identity wasn't prevalent during his rule.

Modern scholars like to portray the past through English viewpoints and heavily undervalue Henry's Welsh identity and wish to portray his lineage weak and invalid, however when Henry ruled, he recognised the old native Welsh rulers, royal rulers which his lineage originated from, however, English monarchs only ever recognised their own lines, so of course the Welsh line would be in question.. so often, when modern scholars depict the COA of the Tudors, they'll often omit the dragon's pizzle yet keep it on the hound.. (seen here) why is this? curious question.

The biggest reason for needing his nationality shown is this; when people speak of the British royals, many automatically assume 'English', or the same is applied to 'King of England', they assume 'English king'.. and don't get me started on how Americans view United Kingdom as a whole, they view the UK as 'England' so the other nations; Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland often takes a back seat, so it simply doesn't suffice saying where he was born as Wales is hardly ever recognised, so it's important to differentiate between 'English' and 'Welsh'.

So please have your say, does it offend a few people to show he was Welsh? does it complicate the article by adding it?

Sources that mention King Henry VII as a 'Welsh King': -                         Hogyncymru (talk) 21:34, 28 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Too much text!!! The first paragraph of the lead shows the place of birth of Henry unequivocally, with Wales as a blue link. The last sentence with the phrase — "Royal house of Welsh-French origin" — also makes it clear that Henry's ancestry goes back to Wales (Owen Tudor) and France (Catherine de Valois plus House of Plantagenet). Henry had mixed ancestry as shown in the body of the article. There it's perhaps more concerning that the image of Henry's tomb in Westminster is not available, because of Commons rules for sculptures.
 * The cy.wiki article shows a neutral approach. Slightly paraphrasing to avoid repetition, they write: Henry Tudor, king Henry VII of England (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509), was the King of England from 1485 until his death. Henry was the son of Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, one of the sons of Owen Tudor. He was born and raised in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, the stronghold from where his uncle Jasper Tudor ruled. Mathsci (talk) 22:44, 28 May 2022 (UTC)
 * What do you mean 'too much text'? compared with Elon Musk's page, this article is child's play, also, don't forget that he took his father's family name, NOT Catherine of France, therefore it is the Tewdwr line we should concentrate on here.. plus you use the Welsh wiki version as example, but you failed to pick up on the word 'Cymro', meaning 'Welshman' which is used more than once in his article. Hogyncymru (talk) 23:05, 28 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Why repeat the same material here, when only a tiny portion of the lead is concerned? An image of the tomb of Henry VII now appears in the article. Historically, Henry's links with France are highly significant and mentioned in the article. Welsh ancestry is currently mentioned in the lead and the article. But that seems to be all that can be said with any certainty. Why not ask Deb — she's an admin from Wales. Mathsci (talk) 00:25, 29 May 2022 (UTC)
 * 'Royal house of Welsh and French origin' does not depict him correctly, the house, the tudor house heavily weighed on his Welsh side, with the dragon on his arms free of any chains.. thus, how the kingdom reflecting Wales, much like a person owning a dog with a collar around its neck.. this is the importance of symbology, it directly shows the image of the dynasty.. same is displayed on the COA of the Queen today, the lion (of England) free of chains whilst the Unicorn (Scotland) being chained around the neck.. which means that today's royal family views themselves as English.
 * So nowhere in this article does it say that Henry was a 'Welsh king' or 'Welsh dynasty' because the majority of those who edit this page rely heavily on bias research, research who just happen to be of English origin (because the population of England outweighs the population of Wales.. thus; very little of this article is based off of research done by Welsh speaking historians who have specific expertise within Welsh studies) so when the Welsh version of this article tells us that Henry was a Welshman, the English version does not.. So to finish, Henry Tudor's dynasty was a Welsh one, the only reason he displayed the hound was to validate the English royal structure so that the English would accept him as a king, modern historians/scholars can tell us that his Welsh line was weak/invalid all they like, but within his own time, he knew his Welsh line was pure. Hogyncymru (talk) 17:14, 29 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The royal arms of Scotland have always had collared unicorns, even when the monarchs were solely Scottish. Celia Homeford (talk) 08:04, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That's not true, there are plenty of pictorial examples of the unicorn not having the crown around its neck Hogyncymru (talk) 11:38, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is true. Besides, even though all the arms in that blog show unicorns with collars, blogs that copy from wikipedia are not reliable sources. Celia Homeford (talk) 13:00, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Reptiles don't have visible pizzles. They have cloacas. Also, that picture is taken from wikicommons and was created by a wikipedian. Celia Homeford (talk) 07:57, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * A dragon doesn't exist, why are you bringing real life facts to the table when the coat of arms depicts a fictitious creature? heraldry never used facts, only a sense of story-telling, so if they depicted the dragon with a pizzle... then it had a pizzle, end of conversation relating to that. Hogyncymru (talk) 11:31, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * You're reading way too much into the absence of pizzles. By continuing to imply that it's some sort of secret conspiracy to deny dragons their rightful anatomy, you are making your argument look even more absurd than it was already. Celia Homeford (talk) 13:00, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
 * That image of the tomb has been flickrwashed by the flickr user and isn't actually an image taken by her. You can see other examples of her poaching material from elsewhere and pretending its her own here, here and here. As you can see in these cases, she hasn't removed the identifying captions and watermarks from wherever they were originally taken. Celia Homeford (talk) 12:19, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Anne Longmore-Etheridge: "Freelance writer/editor, historian, genealogist, ship's cook, hedgehog, spatula. Founder of Your Dying Charlotte, a blog abt. early photos, mourning, genealogy" from Maryland. I assume that she ate the hedgehog, baked in mud, followed my nettle pudding, and washed down with a beaker of mead. Also – "The iron-gray hair was deep-dyed with of blood. Even the walls and low ceiling of the little living room bore evidence of the tragedy in dull garnet blotches." (dyingcharlotte.com) The contact info has "Gentle Reader, I would be delighted to hear from you. Please do not hesitate! Heed! Speed!" She is a poetess. Mathsci (talk) 13:10, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * More seriously, the tomb is available here with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license for Susan May's researchgate submission. I will upload it to commons, after scaling. The exact reference is (Birmingham City University). The caption reads: "Pietro Torrigiano, Tomb of King Henry VII and Queen Elizabeth of York, 1512-18, gilt bronze, white marble and black touchstone. London, Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel." Mathsci (talk) 13:51, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * But that's labelled as copyrighted to the Dean and Chapter, not Susan May. I don't think CC-BY refers to images published in the paper that are not created by the author. It's actually quite difficult to take a picture of the tomb from above, because of where and how the tomb is constructed. I think it's best to leave it as it is now, at least until someone actively complains. Celia Homeford (talk) 14:20, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Indeed on closer examination of the pdf/article, the photograph is copyrighted to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. (I remember contributing to John Troutbeck, Canon Precentor of Westminster Abbey and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria.) The 1499 coronation cope of Arthur can always be downloaded on commons because it's two-dimensional. Mathsci (talk) 14:49, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Ethnicity is inherently complicated in royalty that are the progeny of generations of cross-ethnic marriage - Henry was only 1/4 Welsh, and less than 1/8 French. He was also 1/16 German and 1/16 Italian, but most of all, he was 1/2 English/Anglo-Norman. If one goes by genealogy alone, he was more English than anything else, so to simply say he was Welsh is misleading and inaccurate. Ethnic self-identification is a different thing entirely and is not straightforward to determine, unless we have direct statments to that effect, but, , all smacks of WP:OR. We should not be making our own deductions. As such, we need to mirror the emphasis published reliable sources place on his ethnicity and not impose our own judgment. That becomes a problem when , and , which all smacks of this being done to intentionally deviate from what reliable sources (English-biased ones) are saying with the intent of righting a wrong - WP:SOAPBOX. I would say that we need a source that actually discusses Henry's ethnic self-identification to make his ethnicity lede-worthy. Agricolae (talk) 12:45, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * You can use any phrasing you like in talk, it's not here you add just facts, but you also use probable ideas to lead you in a direction that may be questioned, you mention that he was; .. only 1/4 Welsh, and less than 1/8 French. He was also 1/16 German and 1/16 Italian, but most of all, he was 1/2 English/Anglo-Norman, yet he was born in Wales, carried with him the dragon of Wales which signified his Arthurian line, named his first child Arthur after king Arthur (from Welsh mythology), his family fought along-side Welsh prince Owain Glyndŵr (who also carried with him a dragon).. to assume nationality is to do with pure Welsh blood, it does not.. everything he stood for and fought for.. depicted his father's Welsh ('Tew' - 'Dŵr') line, you argue that Ethnic self-identification is a different thing entirely and is not straightforward to determine, yet the article mentions 'Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd', 'Welsh ancestry', 'Henry's Welsh descent', 'he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry', yet he himself cannot be called a 'Welsh king'?, I assume that we should remove the phrase 'Welsh archers' from the wiki page 'battle of Agincourt' too?. Hogyncymru (talk) 19:53, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I explicitly said he was genealogically those ethnicities, and separated this from ethnic self-identification, which we, as Wiikipedia editors, should not be deducing ourselves. The rest of this is just selective interpretation of selective data - yes, he was born in Wales, but so was Edward II and he wasn't Welsh in ethnicity; Henry III named a son Edward, but that doesn't make his ethnicity Anglo-Saxon. Richard II added the attributed arms of Edward the Confessor to his coat of arms, and he wasn't an Anglo-Saxon king either. Henry VIII also named a child Mary, which doesn't make his ethnicity was Levantine Jewish. Yes, Henry's family fought for Glendwr, but his family (on the other side) fought against Glendwr. And is just an absurd strawman. We call the Welsh archers at Agincourt Welsh because that is what reliable sources usually call them. So no, we don't call him a "Welsh king" unless that is how most scholarly sources refer to him (as they do when referring to the Welsh portion of his ancestry - and as to his 'Welsh birth', that is a geographical designotion, not an ethnic one). Further discussion seems pointless, so I will just record my !vote as Don't include. Agricolae (talk) 00:53, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * But Welsh scholars do call him a Welsh king though.. unless you think the views of English scholars are more important than Welsh scholars? Hogyncymru (talk) 13:40, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 September 2022
91.103.190.194 (talk) 08:54, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

Henry VII was known to be rather fond of money.
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. MadGuy7023 (talk) 08:57, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

John of Gaunt not 4th son of Edward III, but the 3rd son.
Under ANCESTRY and EARLY LIFE, 2nd para - "The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III)...."

That is INCORRECT.

John of Gaunt was the 3rd son of Edward III, though 4th child.

Section quoted above should be altered to, "The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third son of Edward III),..." Baskerville22 (talk) 23:59, 28 April 2023 (UTC)
 * He was the fourth son: Edward, William, Lionel then John. William died shortly after birth. Celia Homeford (talk) 07:35, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * There is no "William" listed under "Issue" in the WIKI entry for Edward III of England. Baskerville22 (talk) 07:40, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, there is. Between Edward and Lionel. Celia Homeford (talk) 10:38, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * No, there is not -
 * FROM the Wiki entry for Edward III
 * "Issue
 * Detail
 * Edward the Black Prince
 * Isabella, Countess of Bedford
 * Joan of England
 * Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
 * John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
 * Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
 * Mary, Duchess of Brittany
 * Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
 * Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester" Baskerville22 (talk) 09:29, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
 * That's the infobox. We don't mention minor children there. See Edward III of England and Issue of Edward III of England. Celia Homeford (talk) 09:43, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see.....the "we" demotes a special little Wiki club that holds certain information from the unwashed - or should that be, the uninitiated - in order that the "we" may feel superior to those who foolishly assume that "ISSUE" actually means, "Adult Issue". Only it doesn't, does it ? I see in the Wiki page for Edward IV, his son, Edward V, is listed under "Issue", and he died aged just 12 y.o. Baskerville22 (talk) 05:34, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
 * No, we means the community of editors cooperating together. Children who died as infants, stillbirths and miscarriages are usually excluded from the infobox, which is a brief summary only. Celia Homeford (talk) 07:38, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry VII of England


text:
Indian white-eye

The Indian white-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus), formerly the Oriental white-eye, is a small species of passerine bird in the white-eye family. It is a resident breeder in open woodland on the Indian subcontinent. They forage in small groups, feeding on nectar and small insects. They are easily identified by the distinctive white eye-ring and overall yellowish upperparts. The range previously extended eastwards to Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia. Their name was recently changed due to previous members of Zosterops palpebrosus in Southeast Asia being renamed to a new species, making the Indian White-eye a more geographically accurate term for this species.

Taxonomy
The Indian white-eye was described by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1824 from a specimen collected in Bengal. He coined the binomial name Sylvia palpebrosa. The English and scientific names refer to the conspicuous ring of white feathers round the eyes, palpebrosus being Neo-Latin for "having prominent eyelids", from the Latin palpebrae "eyelids".

The English name of this species was changed from "Oriental white-eye" to "Indian white-eye" to more accurately reflect the geographic range following the reorganisation of the taxa with the introduction of Hume's white-eye (Zosterops auriventer), the warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) and Swinhoe's white-eye (Zosterops simplex).

Description
This bird is small (about 8–9 cm long) with yellowish olive upper parts, a white eye ring, yellow throat and, a vent. The belly is whitish grey but may have yellow in some subspecies. The sexes look similar. The species is widespread and is part of a superspecies complex that includes Zosterops japonicus, Zosterops meyeni and possibly others. The taxonomy of the group is still unclear with some island populations being distinctive while some subspecies are not well supported. The population from Flores, Indonesia for instance is found closer to the pale white-eye. The family itself is now questioned since they are nested along with the Stachyris babblers.

About eleven subspecies are well recognised, these include the nominate form (type locality Bengal, India) which is found from Oman and Arabia, Afghanistan, northern India and extends into China and northern Myanmar. The population in the Western Ghats and hills of southern India is placed in nilgiriensis while salimalii of the Eastern Ghats hills (Shevaroy, Chitteri, Seshachalam, Nallamalai) is sometimes subsumed into the nominate race. The population of the plains of India, Laccadives and Sri Lanka are sometimes placed in egregius (= egregia) but is restricted by other works to the population in Sri Lanka. The populations in southern Myanmar, Thailand and Laos are placed in siamensis. The Nicobar Islands form is nicobaricus and is sometimes also used for the population on the Andaman Islands which are, however, a distinctive and unnamed population. The populations from southern Thailand to western Cambodia are placed in williamsoni. Other Southeast Asian island forms include auriventer (=aureiventer), buxtoni, melanurus and unicus.

Race occidentis (now often subsumed into the nominate race) of the Western Himalayas has the upper side dark green and the flanks are tinged in brown. The form salimalii has a shorter bill and is brighter yellow-green above. Some authors consider the nominate race to be restricted to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam and Yunnan and consider the peninsular race as occidentis (or amabilis if the form from Kathiawar described by Koelz is considered valid).

In Sri Lanka, race egregia is smaller and has a brighter back and throat than the endemic Sri Lanka white-eye, Zosterops ceylonensis found in the central hills.

Distribution and habitat
The species is found in a wide range of habitats from scrub to moist forest. They sometimes occur in mangrove areas, such as in the Karachi region, Pakistan, and on islands they may lead a more insectivorous life. They are somewhat rare only in the drier desert regions of western India.

A feral population was detected in San Diego, California, in the 1980s and subsequently eradicated.

Behaviour and ecology
These white-eyes are sociable, forming flocks which only separate on the approach of the breeding season. They are highly arboreal and only rarely descend to the ground. The breeding season is February to September but April is the peak breeding season and the compact cup nest is a placed like a hammock on the fork of a branch. The nest is made of cobwebs, lichens and plant fibre. The nest is built in about 4 days and the two pale blue eggs are laid within a couple of days of each other. The eggs hatch in about 10 days. Both sexes take care of brooding the chicks which fledge in about 10 days. Though mainly insectivorous, the Indian white-eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.

They call frequently as they forage and the usual contact call is a soft nasal cheer. They pollinate flowers when they visit them for flower insects (such as thrips) and possibly nectar (questioned) that form their diet. The forehead is sometimes coloured by pollen leading to mistaken identifications. They have been observed bathing in dew accumulated on leaves.

When nesting, they may mob palm squirrels but being small birds they are usually on the defensive. Their predators include bats (esp. Megaderma lyra) and birds such as the white-throated kingfisher. Endoparasitic Haemosporidia of the genus Haemoproteus and Dorisa have been isolated from the species although these rarely cause death.

Like some other white-eyes, they sometimes steal nest material from the nests of other birds. Cases of interspecific feeding have been noted with white-eyes feeding the chicks of a paradise flycatcher.

Although not strong fliers, they are capable of dispersing in winds and storms to new areas including offshore islands. A feral population of this species established itself in California during the 1980s requiring their capture and destruction. They were captured by luring them using call playback and live decoys into mistnets.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Indian white-eye


text:
D'Youville University

D'Youville University (D'Youville or DYU ) is a private university in Buffalo, New York. It was founded as D'Youville College in 1908 and named by the Grey Nuns after the patroness saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. As of fall 2022 D'Youville College served 2,518 students and had 54 degree majors the health sciences, business, and liberal arts for undergraduate and graduate students. In February 2022, the New York State Board of Regents approved a name change to D'Youville University.

Campus

Located in Western New York on the Lower West Side of the City of Buffalo, the campus is in an urban setting a few blocks from the Peace Bridge on the Canadian border. The campus has 15 buildings with classrooms, laboratories, residential and athletics facilities. There are two student housing buildings and one outdoor athletics complex.

D'Youville is on Porter Ave, one of seven parkways in the Buffalo Olmsted Park System. The Park System was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in 1868, ten years after designing Central Park in New York City.

CannonDesign was retained to develop D'Youville's most recent campus Master Plan and the major priorities of that planning effort are focused toward revitalizing the campus in ways that improve its connection to the Buffalo Olmsted Park System, as well as beautifying the Lower West Side of Buffalo and improving the connectivity and traffic flow through the local neighborhoods. Prior campus planning has also been conducted in collaboration with Stiegliz Snyder Architecture and University at Buffalo's Department of Urban and Regional Planning.

Immigration
Marie-Marguerite d'Youville (1701-1771) was born in Quebec, she married François d’Youville in 1722 and had six children. Following the passing of François, Marguerite was left to raise two young children, after burying her father, her husband, and four of their children. Her desire to serve those in need went against the social conventions of Marguerite’s generation, leading her and three other women to establish the Sisters of Charity in 1737 — a service-oriented organization commonly known as the Grey Nuns. The Sisters of Charity committed themselves to fighting for the rights of the most marginalized of society in Canada. After 1840, the order rapidly expanded, and over the next 100 years became a major provider of health care and other social services throughout Quebec, Western and Northern Canada, and the northern United States. Following an invitation from the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.), the Grey Nuns moved from Canada to Buffalo, New York in October 1857. Initially, the Grey Nuns lived in a 6-room convent when they opened the Holy Angels School. The school's first official building was the Koessler Administration Building, which was built in 1872 but not dedicated and named as such until 2003. The Koessler Administration Building was expanded three times to meet the growing needs of the Grey Nuns. First, east and west wing expansions were constructed in the last 1800s. Then, the Prospect Ave wing was added in 1907.

Incorporation
D'Youville was founded as an all-girls Roman Catholic school. The institution was incorporated and filed in the Secretary of State's Office on February 13, 1865, under the name, "The Holy Angels Infirmary Academy and Industrial School for Benevolent, Charitable, and Scientific Purposes". The New York State Legislature granted a charter to become a college on April 8, 1908, being accredited by the University of the State of New York. This initial charter was amended to change the name of incorporation to "D'Youville College," after the patroness Saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. D'Youville was initially founded as an institution focused on education and the liberal arts, with particular emphasis on women, students of immigrant status, and populations that lived in under-resourced communities. In February 2022, the "D'Youville College" charter was amended again to become "D'Youville University." On May 12, 1912, D’Youville conferred three Bachelor of Arts degrees to Mary Brennen, Pauline Garnett, and Elizabeth Gosselin, one Master of Arts degree to Helena Sheehan, and one honorary Doctor of Music degree to Elizabeth Cronin. Mary Brennan, of the first graduating class of D’Youville wrote the following to describe D'Youville at the time of her graduation: "“The popular opinion was that girls’ schools were completely impractical, a little sewing, a little painting, some music, enough English and history to enhance your conversation and social graces. D’Youville was far from such. Each girl was given the opportunity to fit herself for the business world, to be a well-educated helpmate as wife and mother. There were excellent courses in languages, in science, mathematics and history taught by superior professors...certainly none in sewing or etiquette.”"Over the next several decades objectives of study emphasized the teaching professions and intellectual interests guided students toward extra-curricular activities focusing on dance, music, drama, language, and political debate. The entire student body was 37 in 1912, then enrollment grew from 104 to around 400 students at the end of the 1940s. As the United States entered into WWII, D'Youville expanded its educational focus to include nursing programs and became the first college to offer baccalaureate degree programs for women in Western New York. Student enrollment continued to grow steadily though the mid-century period. At the same time the population of Buffalo, New York approached its peak of approximately 580,000 people.

Mid-century expansion
As the U.S. economy bounced back from the great depression in the 1950s, D'Youville's enrollment began increasing and stimulated need for a larger campus. As a result of D’Youville's growth during the late 1950s and 1960s, many of the campus buildings possess a mid-century architectural style. Six campus buildings were erected between 1956 and 1969, largely driven by the vision and fundraising of Sister Francis Xavier Lynch. The original campus library building was built in 1956. Madonna Hall was built in 1959. Mary Agnes Hall was built in 1964. The Health Science Building was erected in 1966 and is currently referred to as the Dr. Pauline M. Alt Building. The College Center and Gymnasium were constructed in 1969. Marguerite Hall was also constructed in 1969.

D'Youville remained a women's college until 1970, men started being admitted in 1971.

The transition to co-ed was controversial and met with resistance at the time, however, the change was necessary to navigate enrollment declines as many other regional institutions had already transitioned to co-ed before D'Youville. The financial difficulties surrounding the enrollment decline necessitated the sale of Mary Agnes Hall less than 10 years after it was built, which has since been operated as Mary Agnus Manor, an adult assisted living facility. The purchase of an old laundry mat building adjacent to campus in 1978 was the first evidence that D'Youville's financial situation had stabilized following the co-ed transition.

In 1984, President Ronald Reagan spoke at D'Youville during a campaign event with the Italian and Polish communities near the end of his first term in office after participating in the dedication of the Santa Maria Towers. This event is referenced as the only visit that President Reagan ever made to Buffalo, New York, and as a result, a memorial service with residents and community leaders was also held at D'Youville 20 years later when he died in 2004.

21st-century growth
A second period of stability and growth occurred around the turn of the century, largely driven by the growing number of Canadian students attracted by a favorable currency exchange rate. D'Youville enrollment growth was also attributed to the addition of masters and professional health professions degree programs in the 1980s, which expanded the institution's focus beyond a liberal arts college. This natural evolution progressed in the early 2000s with the addition of several doctoral degree programs. These major academic changes began the vision of becoming a university, which was formalized by a 2007 board of trustees vote directing administration to request New York State Education Department's approval for D'Youville to be changed from college to university. The pursuit of 'university status' was achieved in February 2022. Renovation and new construction added 6 buildings between 1999 and 2015. In 1999, D'Youville renovated the Holy Angels School building, built in 1905, to become the Montante Family Library. D'Youville's original library building was demolished in 2000, and the Bauer Family Academic Center was built to replace it in 2001. The 222 Connecticut Street Apartment Complex was built in 2005. The D’Youville Academic Center was built in 2010. The Dobson Athletic Complex and the Dr. Charles and Mary Schweitzer Bauer School of Arts, Science and Education were built in 2015.

Recent developments
In 2020, D’Youville purchased the Holy Angels Church, Rectory, and Convent, which was adjacent to the campus. The university opened a Health Professions Hub building in June 2021, which includes an inter-professional clinic and laboratory, pharmacy, rehabilitation gym, simulation labs, dietetics kitchen, and events space. D'Youville is also in process of a larger campus renovation plan, including student service centers, the renovation of active learning classrooms,  student residence halls and dining hall renovations, the Kavinoky Theater and the Koessler Administration Building. Renovations to the 4th and 5th floors on the Koessler Administration Building were recognized with the Buffalo Business First Collegiate Brick-by-Brick award in 2021. The Health Profession Hub was recognized by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Buffalo/Western New York with the 2021 highest design honor award. The school was designated as a university in February, 2022.

In 2024, the university featured an AI robot, Sophia, as its commencement speaker.

Organization
D'Youville is a non-profit organization with $69.5 million (2018) in expenses that is governed by a 22-member board of trustees. Five of the trustees are elected as officers, including the president of the university. Board members typically serve three 3-year terms.

In July 2016, Sister Denise Roche stepped down from serving as D'Youville president for 36 years and was succeeded by interim President William Mariani. In December 2016 the Board of Trustees appointed Lorrie Clemo to become the next president. Clemo officially began her appointment in January 2017 as the 15th President of D'Youville and as the first lay president to lead the institution.

A representative quote of President Lorrie Clemo's focus and priorities is provided in the winter 2021 issue of D'Mensions Magazine: "'At D'Youville, we believe responding to change and anticipating the future is necessary, and we are doing it through a student-centered lens.' -Lorrie A. Clemo"The president works with an administrative cabinet called the president's council. D'Youville also has a faculty senate, a student government association, and an alumni board. The academic departments of the university are organized into 4 academic schools led by deans, including the Patricia H. Garman School of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, and School of Science, Arts and Education.

In 2022, D'Youville University announced it was shifting the staff and administration of the organization to a 32-hour, 4-day workweek. Prior to this change the institution was working 37.5 hours workweeks. The shift to a 4-day workweek started as a 6 month trial technology driven health and wellness initiative, and was then made permanent.

Academics
D'Youville is classified among "Doctoral/Professional Universities" and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. In 2020, U.S. News & World Report moved D'Youville's classification from "Regional Universities - North" to "National Universities" due to D'Youville's range of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs.

Demographics
The university enrolls roughly 3,000 students (53% undergraduate, 47% graduate). Approximately 17% of students live on campus and the gender distribution of the student body is 75% female to 25% male. The student-faculty ratio is 10:1 and 31% of students receive income-based federal Pell grants. International students come from 40 different countries and make up 15% of the student body. In 2019, there were 153 service members and veterans receiving some type of tuition assistance, which is equal to approximately 5% of the student body.

Admissions
D'Youville is a test optional institution which does not require the submission of standardized test scores as part of their comprehensive evaluation of applicants. D'Youville has $16 million in merit-based scholarships, annually. In 2019, D'Youville agreed to unlimited Say Yes to Education scholarships, which are eligible for students with family income below $75,000.

Accreditation
D'Youville has specific academic programs accredited by:
 * Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)
 * Accreditation Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE)
 * Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND)
 * Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE)
 * Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)
 * Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
 * New York State Board of Regents, State Education Department, Office of the Professions (Nursing Education).
 * Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA).
 * International Accreditation Council for Business Education (IACBE)

Schools
Academic programs at the university are administered in four schools:
 * Patricia H. Garman School of Nursing has degrees in Nursing (BSN; RN to BSN; Accelerated BSN), Nursing Education with Clinical Focus (MS), Nursing Management and Quality Leadership (MS), Family Nurse Practitioner (MS and DNP), Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (MS and DNP)
 * School of Health Professions houses the departments of Chiropractic, Exercise & Sports Studies, Health Professions Education, Health Administration & Public Health, Nutrition & Dietetics, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant
 * School of Pharmacy has degrees and programs such as Pharmaceutical Science (BSPS), Pre-Pharmacy Early Assurance Program, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
 * School of Arts, Science and Education houses the departments of Biology & Mathematics, Business, Chemistry, Educational Leadership, Humanities, Social Sciences

Libraries
The first library at D'Youville was located in the main section of the Koessler Administration Building. Ground breaking for the first library building took place in 1955, after a year of fundraising. The library building was completed in September 1956, and replaced a grassy area and tennis court behind the Koessler Administration Building. The current 4-story Montante Family Library opened in 1999, after a $10 million renovation of the previous Holy Angels School building. The original library building was demolished in 2000 and the Bauer Family Academic Center was constructed in its place.

Rankings
In 2021, D'Youville was ranked as #299-391 among national universities and #113 in top performers on social mobility by U.S. News & World Report. In 2022, D'Youville was ranked #67 out of 726 best colleges for nursing in America, and #5 out of 42 best colleges for nursing in New York State by Niche. D'Youville was also ranked #25 out of 124 best value colleges in New York State, #8 out of 35 best value colleges with no application fee in New York, and #2 out of 9 best value colleges in Buffalo area by Niche.

Athletics

D'Youville was approved July 2020 to compete at the NCAA Division II level, as a new provisional member of the East Coast Conference (ECC) beginning in the 2020–21 season.

D'Youville joined the Northeast Conference in Division I for men's volleyball in 2022.

D'Youville previously competed at the NCAA Division III level, as a member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference (AMCC) from 2009–10 to 2019–20, and as a member of the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC; now known as the United East Conference) from 2004–05 to 2008–09. D'Youville will become eligible for Division II national championships in 2023–24. Given that the NCAA operates a single bowling championship open to members of all NCAA divisions, bowling is the only sport that D'Youville will be eligible for a national championship during their provisional transition period.

As part of the transition to NCAA Division II, D'Youville announced a change of their mascot's identity from the Spartans to the Saints, giving symbolism to the patroness Saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. The new athletics mascot is depicted as a St. Bernard and as part of the rebranding campaign, D'Youville unveiled a pair of St. Bernard puppies, Maggie and Saint, which now roam the campus as their official mascots.

The athletic department announced the addition of men's lacrosse and esports as new sports beginning in 2021–22, bringing the institution to have 16 intercollegiate programs.

Student organizations
The Student Government Association of D'Youville consists of an elected senate and an executive council. The Senate is organized into 4 committees: public relations, student outreach, student action, and student engagement. D'Youville has over 45 campus clubs and organizations which sponsor events, activities and community service.

Housing
D'Youville has 2 student housing buildings. Marguerite Hall is a traditional 12-story housing building consisting primarily of traditional 2-person dorm rooms. The 222 Apartment Complex is a 4-story housing building primarily consisting of 4-bedroom apartment suites each with 2 bathrooms and a shared kitchen and common room.

Media
A variety of student-sponsored and institutional-sponsored newspapers, magazines and periodicals have been published at D'Youville. The D'Youville Magazine was first published in 1910 and ran through the 1960s, primarily serving as an outlet for student papers as well as other literary publications and commentary. The D'Youvillian began in the 1930s and was published through the 1990s, primarily serving as a student yearbook. The D'Mensions Magazine is the alumni periodical that is currently being published.

Theatre
The 240-seat Kavinoky Theatre on D'Youville's campus was initially built in the early 1900s as an Edwardian recital hall designed for vocal performances, string quartets, and piano recitals. Music was an essential aspect of student life and coursework up until the 1950s, as choir and glee club were two of the most well attended student organizations. In the mid-1970s, the recital hall was re-envisioned to become a fully functional professional theatre for plays and musicals. A capital campaign was led by Edward Kavinoky, the board of trustees chairman at the time, to renovate the space and extend the stage to support theatre productions. The theater was dedicated to Edward Kavinoky after his passing in 1977, and the renovations were completed in 1980. The Kavinoky Theatre was renovated again to have new paint, carpet and seating in 2020, partially sponsored by the New York State Council on the Arts. Recently, the Kavinoky Theatre has produced shows such as To Kill a Mocking Bird, Hairspray, 1984, Spamalot, and Sweeny Todd.

Public art
In 2008, D'Youville unveiled a 6.5' tall bronze statue of Marie-Marguerite d'Youville created by David Derner in front of the Koessler Administration Building. The statue depicts an orphan girl looking up at d'Youville, while a cat plays with a key that the girl had just dropped on the ground. The statue plaque highlights d'Youville's life span (1701-1771) and her title "Mother of Universal Charity," which was given to her by Pope John XXIII in 1959.

On October 11, 2019, in alignment to National Coming Out Day for the LGBTQ+ community, D'Youville host an inclusivity event named "From the closet to the sidewalk" and unveiled the As is mural by Casey Millbrand. According to Millbrand, the public art is intended to represent "individuality, acceptance, and inclusion".

On June 19, 2020, in alignment to the Juneteenth holiday celebration, D'Youville unveiled the Black Matter is Life mural by Maxx Moses. The mural was positioned adjacent to Millbrand's As is mural and was intended to address racial justice.

August 12, 2021, to finalize the Health Professions Hub building, the Tree of Y mural was painted on the facade by Maya Hayuk. The mural was organized in partnership with the Albright-Knox Art Gallery as part of their Public Art Initiative. The mural is 45 feet high, 95 wide, and used around 95 gallons of paint to complete.

Traditions

 * Academic Milestones such as White Coat Ceremonies and Capping Ceremonies for health-related degrees.
 * Redfest is an annual music festival hosted by the Student Government Organization at the Dobson Athletics Complex. Artists have included Jarred Neimann, MAX, Jon Langston, Russell Dickerson, Futuristic, Adam Barrett, Stanaj, and Jojo.
 * Volunteerism takes place in multiple forms and is commonly referred to with Marie-Marguerite d'Youville's credo, "we never refuse to serve".
 * Moving Up Day is an end of the semester event that celebrated the transition to next level. At this event many student would compete for their beauty, such as through "flip" hairstyles and the nomination of the "MUD" queen.

Notable alumni

 * Mary Margaret Anderson, philanthropist and spouse of entrepreneur Harry W. Anderson
 * Rosalie Bertell, U.S./Canadian nun, physician, author, researcher, epidemiologist
 * Eleonora Cecchini - San Marino youth international soccer player
 * Marcella Farinelli Fierro, medical examiner and forensic pathologist
 * Tara Hedican, Canadian wrestling champion, coach, and teacher
 * Ann Wood-Kelly, the first and youngest female aviator during WW II
 * Dorthy H. Rose, former member of the New York State Assembly

Notable faculty

 * Joseph Dunn, pharmacy professor, researcher, and entrepreneur

title: D'Youville University


text:
Medaille College

Medaille University was a private college in Buffalo, New York. The Sisters of St. Joseph founded Medaille in 1937, naming it after their founder, Jean Paul Médaille. It later became nonsectarian and coeducational. The college served roughly 1,600 students, mainly from Western New York and Southern Ontario, during its final years.

In May 2022, the Board of Regents of the New York State Department of Education approved Medaille College 's request to be designated a university. Due to ongoing financial and enrollment challenges, Medaille announced its closure effective August 31, 2023.

History
The Sisters of St. Joseph opened the Institute of the Sisters of Saint Joseph in 1875. This training center for nuns and other vowed women who wanted to serve the church in education, laid the first foundations for what would later eventually become Medaille College.

Degrees were first offered in 1937. At that time, the school's name was Mount Saint Joseph Teachers' College. In 1964, it became Mount Saint Joseph College and in 1968, Medaille College. Most graduates went on to teach at Catholic schools in New York State.

Conflicts over academic freedom
In 2002, President John J. Donohue fired tenured professor Therese Dillon Warden and suspended professor Uhuru Watson. In addition, two other non-tenured professors were likewise punished. They all had allegedly passed around confidential meeting minutes from the tenure and promotion committee and were forbidden to enter campus. Many colleagues protested the disciplinary action as a violation of academic freedom. Kenneth Weshues stated that "Dozens, perhaps hundreds, of individuals at the college have been harmed" due to a "social ill that has laid the college low."

In May 2021, Medaille was sanctioned by the American Association of University Professors for eliminating shared governance with the faculty during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cancelled acquisition and closure
In 2022, Medaille and nearby Trocaire College signed a memorandum of understanding that set "in motion a cooperative agreement that would fulfill the missions of both institutions into the future." Six buildings on Medaille's campus were sold to Trocaire in January 2023 and on April 4, it was announced by interim Medaille President Dr. Lori Quigley that Trocaire College would be acquiring Medaille with a scheduled closing date of July 31, 2023. The university was to become a part of Trocaire, while some sports teams would keep using the Medaille Mavericks name. A month later Trocaire College announced they would no longer be acquiring Medaille.

On May 15, 2023, Medaille University announced that it would close on August 31, 2023 and ceased academic operations on that date. A few months later, Niagara University was named as the legacy school for Medaille, agreeing to hold all of the latter's "academic records, student transcripts, and academic catalogs". A legacy institution is required by New York State law.

Campuses
Medaille's main campus was in Buffalo, New York and 40% of the students lived on campus. It was within the Olmsted Crescent, a historic area of parkways and landscape designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. In January 2023, six campus buildings on Medaille's Buffalo campus were sold to Trocaire College.

Medaille also had a branch campus in Rochester. This campus offered undergraduate degrees for adult students in business administration, and graduate degrees in business administration and organizational leadership, as well as mental health counseling.

The vast majority of students were from New York State. In 2015, 3% came from out of state.

Athletics
Medaille was a charter member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference, as an NCAA Division III school.

AMCC Championships:

 * Baseball - 2007
 * Men’s Basketball - 2008–2009, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, 2014–2015, 2016–2017, 2021-2022
 * Women's basketball - 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2009–2010
 * Men's soccer - 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010.
 * The 2010 men's soccer team reached Sweet 16 in 2010, the furthest any Medaille sports team ever advanced. Also that same year, their undefeated streak in the AMCC of five years was finally snapped. On September 25, 2010, the Franciscan University Barons pulled off a huge upset, winning the match 2–1.

Notable alumni

 * Gary Boughton – professional soccer player
 * David Cullen – professional ice hockey player
 * Kyle Ferguson – professional soccer player
 * Betty Jean Grant – Erie County Legislature
 * Kendell McFayden – professional soccer player
 * Adam Page – Paralympic (sled hockey) Gold medalist
 * Anne E. Patrick – theologian and professor
 * Robby Takac – musician and founding member of the Goo Goo Dolls
 * George Tor – professional soccer player
 * A. J. Verel – kickboxer, martial artist, actor, and stuntman

Notable faculty and staff

 * Janel Curry – interim vice president for academic affairs
 * Richard Jacob – professor of psychology and sport studies (1995–2023); athletic director
 * Jim Koerner – head baseball coach
 * Mike MacDonald – college basketball coach
 * Alexander Nwora – college basketball coach
 * Kara Tucina Olidge – scholar, arts and educational administrator
 * Ethan Paquin – associate professor of humanities (2004–2010), poet, and editor-in-chief of Slope Editions
 * Dick Rifenburg – communications professor and pioneering television broadcaster

title: Medaille College


text:
Sri Lanka white-eye

The Sri Lanka white-eye (Zosterops ceylonensis) is a small passerine bird in the white-eye family, which is endemic to Sri Lanka. It is a resident breeder in forests, gardens and plantations, mainly in the highlands.

Taxonomy
A study showed that it is not sister to the other Sri Lankan species, the Indian White-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus), and it also suggested that it is the root species which gave rise to all white-eyes on Earth. This raises further questions on white-eye origins.

Description
This bird is slightly larger than the Indian white-eye (about 11 cm long) which it replaces above 4000 ft. The upper parts of the body and sides of neck are dark olive-green. The rump appears paler green while the crown and forehead appear darker. The wings and tail are brown edged with green on the back. The typical ring of tiny white feathers around the eye is present. The lores are dark and there is a dark streak below the eye. The chin, throat and upper breast are greenish-yellow as are the thighs and vent. The belly region is greyish white. The dark bill has a slaty base to the lower mandible. The legs are dark. The iris is yellow to reddish-brown.

This species can be distinguished from the widespread Indian white-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus, by its larger size, duller green back and more extensive yellow on the breast. It has a darker patch between the eye and the bill.

It is sociable, forming large flocks which only disperse with the approach of the breeding season. It builds a tree nest and lays 3 unspotted pale blue eggs.

Though mainly insectivorous, the Sri Lankan white-eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.

The English and scientific names refer to the conspicuous ring of white feathers around the eyes, Zosterops being Greek for "girdle-eye".

In culture
In Sri Lanka, this bird is known as Lanka Sithasiya in the Sinhala language. This bird appears on a 35c Sri Lankan postage stamp first issued in 1983.

title: Sri Lanka white-eye


text:
Talk:Romain Rolland

Pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will
I was looking up Gramsci's “Pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will”   and Antonini, F. (2019). Pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will: Gramsci’s political thought in the last miscellaneous notebooks. Rethinking Marxism, 31(1), 42-57. notes that this motto was created by Romain Rolland and that Gramsci "explicitly attributes it to Rolland" who had it in a review of Raymond Lefebvre - The Sacrifice of Abraham. Mentioning it here as I thought it might be nice to include but was not sure how - or indeed if it should be. (Msrasnw (talk) 09:53, 26 April 2022 (UTC))

Dead link
https://www.academia.edu/8809064/_The_Heroic_Life_of_a_Friend_of_Stalinism_Romain_Rolland_and_Soviet_Culture_Slavonica_11_no_1_April_2005_3_29_special_issue_on_Across_and_Beyond_the_East_West_Divide_Transnational_and_Transsystemic_Tendencies_in_State_Socialist_Russia_and_East_Central_Europe_

Requires login? 111.109.79.157 (talk) 06:12, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romain Rolland


text:
Trocaire College

Trocaire College is a private Roman Catholic college in Buffalo, New York. Founded in 1958 by the Sisters of Mercy, Trocaire College offers degrees in healthcare, business, and technology. It has an extension site in Williamsville, New York. Total enrollment across both locations is approximately 1,300 students.

History
Trocaire was founded in 1958 by the Sisters of Mercy as Sancta Maria College to train women of the order. In 1965 it admitted laywomen and in 1972 enrolled male students. In 1967 the college was renamed Trocaire College. The word Trócaire means Mercy in the Irish language. This is an homage to the religious order which founded the college, the Sisters of Mercy, who were founded in Dublin, Ireland in 1831.

In August 2022, Trocaire and nearby Medaille University signed a cooperative agreement. In January 2023, Trocaire purchased six buildings from Medaille. In April 2023, it was announced by interim Medaille University President Dr. Lori Quigley that Trocaire College would be acquiring Medaille in a merger of both collegiate institutions, planned for July 31, 2023. However, less than a month later, in May 2023, Trocaire College President Bassam Deeb announced they would no longer be acquiring Medaille and that the merger was off.

Academics
Trocaire College offers certificate, Associate's degree, and Bachelor's degree programs in healthcare, business, and technology. It focuses on offering career-oriented programs in growing fields. The college is home to the oldest private Associate's Degree in Nursing program in western New York.

title: Trocaire College


text:
Waffle House

Waffle House, Inc. is an American restaurant chain with over 1,900 locations in 25 states in the United States. The bulk of the locations are in the Midwest and especially the South, where the chain is a regional cultural icon. The menu consists mainly of Southern breakfast food. Waffle House is headquartered in Norcross, Georgia, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

Founding
The first Waffle House opened on Labor Day weekend in 1955 at 2719 East College Avenue in Avondale Estates, Georgia. That restaurant was conceived and founded by Joe Rogers Sr. and Tom Forkner. Rogers started in the restaurant business as a short-order cook in 1947 at the Toddle House in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1949, he became a regional manager with the now-defunct Memphis-based Toddle House chain, then he moved to Atlanta. He met Tom Forkner while buying a house from him in Avondale Estates.

Rogers's concept was to combine the speed of fast food with table service with around-the-clock availability. Forkner suggested naming the restaurant "Waffle House", as waffles were the most profitable item on the 16-item menu. Rogers continued to work with Toddle House, and to avoid conflict of interest, sold his interest to Forkner in 1956.

1960s-1990s
In 1960, when Rogers asked to buy into Toddle House, and they refused, he moved back to Atlanta and rejoined Waffle House, now a chain of three restaurants, to run restaurant operations. Shortly after Joe returned full-time, Tom followed suit and left Ben S. Forkner Realty.

After opening a fourth restaurant in 1960, the company began franchising its restaurants and slowly grew to 27 stores by the late 1960s, before growth accelerated.

Since 2000
In 2007, Waffle House repurchased the original restaurant, which had been sold by the chain in the early 1970s. The company restored it using original blueprints for use as a private company museum. The museum is used primarily for internal corporate events and tours.

In 2008, one of the biggest Waffle House franchises in the southeast, North Lake Foods, was bought out by Waffle House, Inc. North Lake Foods filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and closed some stores. Waffle House, Inc. plans to rehabilitate the franchise. In early 2009, East Coast Waffles bought North Lake Foods to become a new franchise.

The founders of the Waffle House brand died in 2017 within two months of each other: Joe Rogers Sr. died on March3 and Tom Forkner on April 26.

Operations
Each Waffle House location is open 24 hours daily. This schedule has inspired the urban myth that "Waffle House doors have no locks". The chain's restaurants almost always have jukeboxes, which have traditionally played 45-rpm singles and, in some cases, CDs. Waffle House has released music through its own record label, Waffle Records. It has released songs from "Saturday Night At My Place" by Gary Garcia released in 1995 to "They're Cooking Up My Order" by Alfreda Gerald released in 2006. The co-founder Joe Rogers had high standards and said, "If it sounded like a commercial, it got the ax." If the song makes the cut it'll be recorded and make its way to Waffle House jukeboxes. The songs are on ordinary discs, which are produced for Waffle House and are not commercially sold, but the chain has made a CD of some of the songs available for sale. Other artists that recorded for Waffle Records include Eddie Middleton who recorded "Good Food Fast" bw "Waffle Doo-Wop" which was composed and produced by Jerry Buckner.

The company claims to be the world's leading seller of several of its menu items—the namesake waffles, ham, pork chops, grits, and T-bone steaks. It also claims that it serves 2% of all eggs in the U.S.

In the 1960s, S. Truett Cathy, the owner of a local diner called the Dwarf House, contracted with Waffle House to sell his proprietary chicken sandwich, the Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich. However, the Chick-fil-A sandwich quickly overtook Waffle House's own items in sales and Waffle House ended the deal, prompting Cathy to spin off Chick-fil-A into its own chain.

Waffle and Steak
For years, Waffle House was known as "Waffle and Steak" in Indiana due to another chain of restaurants owning the rights to the Waffle House name in the state. The original Indiana Waffle House chain has started using the name "Sunshine Cafe". However, the d/b/a for "Sunshine Cafe" belongs to "Waffle House Greenwood Inc.", established in 1981. The oldest "Waffle House" entity listed with the Corporations office of the Indiana Secretary of State is "Waffle House of Bloomington, Indiana, Inc." established in 1967, and like Waffle House Greenwood, it is still an active corporation. The Bloomington operation, the city's second oldest restaurant, closed in 2013 and was demolished to make way for an apartment complex. (Many of the Waffle House corporations in Indiana have been dissolved.) "Waffle House Inc." of Norcross, Georgia, registered with Indiana in 1974. In 2005, the Waffle and Steak restaurants all adopted the "Waffle House" moniker, bringing the entire chain under the name.

Food safety
In 2004, in response to a serious Salmonella problem in 2003 at a Chili's location in Vernon Hills, Illinois, and by four deaths in 1993 from E. coli in undercooked hamburger at a Jack in the Box, the television news magazine Dateline NBC investigated sanitation practices of popular American family restaurant chains, measuring the number of critical violations per inspection. The Waffle House averaged 1.6 critical violations per inspection. Waffle House's response to the study pointed out that they prepare all meals in an open kitchen, and consumers can readily observe their sanitation practices themselves.

On September 17, 2019, customers who ate at a Waffle House in Goose Creek, South Carolina, were exposed to Hepatitis A. One of the employees who had worked there tested positive for Hepatitis A. After upper management found out, they immediately shut down the Goose Creek Waffle House location to sanitize the facility. DHEC officials said they would be working with Waffle House to investigate possible exposures and provide guidance for preventive treatment for anyone who may be affected.

Cultural icon

Waffle House has developed into a cultural icon. Part of Waffle House's fame is that they are prominent along Interstate highways in the South. A now defunct Geocities website, The Waffle House Shrine, hosted employee and customer comments about their experiences with Waffle House. In January 2023, YouTuber JonnyRaZer asked his viewers to post the phrase "Waffle House Has Found Its New Host" on every video they watched, becoming an Internet meme.

Disaster recovery
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Waffle House is one of the top four corporations, along with Walmart, The Home Depot, and Lowe's, for disaster response. Waffle House has an extensive disaster management plan with on-site and portable generators and positions food and ice ahead of severe weather events such as a hurricane. This helps mitigate the effects of a storm on the power grid and the supply chains. The company prepares "jump teams" of recovery staff and supplies, brought in from outside disaster-affected areas, so local staff can focus on helping their own homes and families. The ability of a Waffle House to remain open after a severe storm, possibly with a limited menu, is used by FEMA as a measure of disaster recovery known as the Waffle House index.

title: Waffle House