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Wikipedia:Requests for mediation/Archive 02

Curps et al v. Plautus satire
I would like to request some outside intervention for a situation that has arisen. The user Curps seems intent on reversioning every edit I make, without explanation in the summaries or on talk pages. I've made several changes to entries recently, and all of them seem to have been reverted by Curps, so either he is watching the same pages I am, or watching my contributions, and reversioning them without explanation. I would like for somebody to epxlain to Curps that he needs to discuss reversions, especially if he is going around unmaking everything one user (me) does. - Plautus satire 01:32, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Curps reversions of Plautus satire as shown by page histories: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Plautus_satire&curid=467565&action=history]

 * Editing without explanation because Plautus satire has repeatedly edited Talk pages to delete and distort the comments of others, despite being repeatedly warned not to and despite being banned and reinstated at least three times.

 * Requests for comment/Plautus satire

 * Curps 01:39, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Curps, I want you to think very carefully before you answer me now. Are you saying that you are reversioning my editions without explanations because of some standing editions I have made to talk pages? Are you saying you are trying to punish me somehow for not heeding your warnings and for being unbanned? Mediation please? I don't feel it's productive for me to engage in intercourse with Curps any further as he seems to have a very personal vigilante agenda and is using wikipedia as his stomping grounds. - Plautus satire 02:00, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I suppose these are the tactics they have decided to adopt. I have been banned for simple disputed editions by Raul654, and he is actively engaged in trying to eliminate me from wikipedia (though he claims on my talk page he is ignoring me, then not ignoring me, then ignoring me, not ignoring and ignoring again on the advice of others). I presume their intention now is to keep attacking every edition I make until somebody else steps in, hoping that I will become frustrated and violate public policy. - Plautus satire 02:17, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I notice looking at the talk page Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Plautus satire page it seems that there is something of a "gang" that regularly dishes the dirt on me. Hopefully it will not become necessary for me to implicate Raul654, SheikYerBooty, and Evercat, as it seems they are engaged in an active, concerted effort to limit and/or cut off my contributions to wikipedia entirely. Perhaps Curps was chosen to be the sacrificial goat in this case, doing the "dirty work," though it seems all of the people I mention above at one point have reversioned my edits without consideration or banned me on flimsy grounds. Clearly there is an open, concerted effort by these people to eliminate my contributions, hopefully we can get some mediation on this issue to calm people down before they again step over the line "dealing with" me. - Plautus satire 02:12, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Golly, it looks like you have implicated me, by name and by using et al in your section title. So, now that I'm implicated I'm ready to dance with you. --SheikYerBooty

Is there anyone monitoring this forum who is not personally involved in this ongoing vendetta who can lend a hand dealing with these people who will not cease being hostile toward me? I just want them to listen to reason and end this petty war they keep trying to start. - Plautus satire 04:41, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I offer my assistance. I am a members advocate. Pleased to meet you :) Sam Spade 06:43, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Sam Spade. I'm not sure how this works as a formal process, but what I would like to happen is for you to politely request of these named people that they stop fixating on me and instead focus on improving wikipedia. They have failed to make their case that I have nothing to contribute to wikipedia, as evidenced by the fact that their flimsy bans did not hold. Now they seem hell-bent on driving me away in whatever fashion they can. If you think some other solution would be better then I am ready to listen to advice because I do not know how to get these people to stop this. - Plautus satire 14:57, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I have expressed several times my reluctance to engage in intercourse with these people, yet as you can see below they have not heeded my requests to await mediation and instead have continued attacking me and my editions. For this reason I am going to take a break from this issue for a while, if I do not respond to attempts to compromise it's because I am unavailable. - Plautus satire 16:03, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Ugh. I guess I waited too long to step away from the computer. I see now Raul654 is intent on reversioning my request for mediation so that others can insert confrontational statements by others into my comments. *sigh* What is the point of requesting mediation if the request is turned into an argument? Can somebody please help me here? Why are Raul654 et al being allowed to victimize me like this? - Plautus satire 16:09, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * As just one example, you completely altered Talk:Black_hole in a self-serving way from top to bottom, changing it beyond recognition and editing and distorting or outright deleting other people's comments. You were banned three times in less than one week, in part for editing talk pages in this way after repeated warnings, yet here you are again.  It takes time and effort to compose comments on a talk page — can you really expect others to take this effort with you if the effort will be for nothing?

 * On my talk page, Isomorphic scolded me for baiting you. I had to explain to him that I hadn't... you had edited my comments by changing the header and adding material.

 * Do you really want to call even wider attention to your own actions? I am far from the only one who objects to your behavior:
 * Requests for comment/Plautus satire

 * Curps 02:14, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Plautus, this is very simple - will you, or will you not accept mediation? →Raul654 04:33, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)

This is not the place to discuss the facts. Everybody please do nothing more than state that you would like mediation and which members of the Mediation Committee you would/would not accept as mediator. Sam, who do you want mediation with? Just Curps? If more than that, would everybody being contained in the "et al" accept Curps as a spokesman? Tuf-Kat 16:54, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I for one am willing to accept Sam as a mediator or anyone other than one of the people I have named above. I don't even care if they are a sysop or admin or anything I just want somebody to politely ask that this personal agenda against me shared by this group be laid to rest. It's tedious enough to research and contribute without having to get into petty squabbles with people who have stated openly that their motivation is to get me eliminated. - Plautus satire 17:33, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * There is already a process in place (poll) at Requests for comment/Plautus satire. At the moment there are 12 votes to ban Plautus, 4 middle-ground, and only 1 in support.  That process pre-dates Plautus's request for mediation here, and constitutes step 3 of Dispute_resolution.  Step 4 would be mediation.  So by all means, let's move the process at Requests for comment/Plautus satire forward into step 4, mediation.

 * Sam Spade is already involved in his own dispute on this page, and is not a member of the Mediation Committee, whereas Tuf-Kat is. In any case, since Raul654 is the originator of the process at Requests for comment/Plautus satire, and has already negotiated with Plautus in the past, he may wish to take the lead in the mediation process.

 * Mediation "helps guide two or more disputants into forming an acceptable agreement", but I don't believe that Plautus will abide by anything he agrees to. He has broken previous promises literally within hours of being reinstated from his previous three bans.  I believe this will inevitably end up in step 5, arbitration, as soon as Plautus breaks whatever mediation agreement he enters into. Curps 18:37, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I reject any notion that this "process" should be ruled by any single individual. When Raul654 started this process which I describe as a personal vendetta, he surrendered his rights to ownership of that process. I also reject any suggestion that Raul654 take part in mediation or arbitration of this crusade that has been staged by him. Staged by him, but no longer directed by him, much to his chagrin. I have accepted Sam as a mediator and have stated that I do not require mediation other than to politely ask that these users end their personal war they are currently waging against me. I feel attacking editions or selecting which editions to attack based on the user name associated with them does not serve the purposes of wikipedia and I would like somebody to politely ask them to stop. If I did some steps out of order or if I escalated some "process" already staged by Raul654, I make no apologies, but do express regret. I did nothing malicious but I may have in my ignorance done something wrong. If there is some process by which I can petition users to try and politely ask these vindictive users from persecuting me, I would avail myself of that instead. - Plautus satire 18:47, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Sam Spade is not an official mediator. While he can mediate privately (as can any Wikipedian) that would be a separate matter from the official mediation process. If all parties agree to Sam as mediator then that's fine, the offical process can be put on hold to give the private mediation time to work. Of course, Sam would also have to agree to that, above he offered himself as an advocate not a mediator. The members of the Mediation Committee are listed at Mediation Committee -- sannse 19:05, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Sam is an advocate, not a mediator, and he is already involved in his own disputes. That rules him out.

 * If Plautus is refusing mediation with one of the parties he is in dispute with (Raul654), then according to Dispute_resolution, this should move directly to step 5, arbitration. Curps 19:17, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

It rules him out in an official mediator - any user (involved in other disputes or not) is at liberty to work with others in a private mediation. That's an extension of step 2 of dispute resolution. But getting back to the official process, Plautus satire didn't make clear who he was requesting mediation with. I think that has to be a first step (any refusal to mediation with Raul may be irrelevant if he is considered part of a separate dispute not currently being looked at)

So the questions we need answered are:

 * Plautus satire:
 * Who do you mean by "et al."? We can't mediate with unknowns. Or do you want the mediation to be just between you, Curps and the mediator?
 * If you want official mediation with those people, which of the members of the Mediation Committee are you willing to work with?
 * Curps:
 * Are you willing to try mediation with Plautus satire
 * Which of the members of the Mediation Committee are you willing to work with?

--sannse 19:40, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I would be fine with Tuf-KAT. However, the process at Requests_for_comment/Plautus_satire predates Plautus's request for mediation here. Raul654 is following the step-by-step approach in Dispute_resolution to the letter, while Plautus is jumping the gun. It is all part of the same dispute, in any case. Plautus explicitly names Raul654 as part of his "et al.", yet now he is refusing mediation with him.  I interpret that to mean he is refusing mediation, period. There are a number of people who have had difficulties with Plautus and they all deserve their say. As the originator of Requests_for_comment/Plautus_satire, Raul654 has priority and his mediation with Plautus should go first. Curps 20:30, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Curps assessment is dead-on. Considering I am probably the person most familiar with Plautus' (alleged) transgressions, and that I'm the one who wrote the RFC, I would probably be the best choice to mediate with. For the record, Tuf-kat is fine by me as well. Now,Curps is also correct that I am following the dispute resolution guidelines to the letter. Now that Plautus has explictely rejected mediation, I put forth that this be moved to step five - arbitration. →Raul654 20:39, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)

What I object to is Raul654 mediating between myself and Curps et al, as Raul654 is a member defined by et al, which sets up a conflict of interests. I do not wish for Raul654 to mediate between myself and Raul654, as that would defeat the purpose of obtaining impartial assistance. As for who the et al is, I have named them in this request for mediation. I do not object to mediation of this issue between myself and Curps et al. I have also stated that I want no formal action taken against Curps et al, and only wish to have another user politely ask them to cease this personal vendetta. They do not heed my requests to do so, perhaps they would heed the requests of others, I don't know. What I do know is that I am making every good will effort here to resolve this without having them punished for their behaviour. But if punishment is my only recourse to make them behave, I will seek punishment. - Plautus satire 21:14, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Allow me to clarify - I have no wish to lead mediation. I intend to be a party TO the mediation - But Plautus has already rejected that. So unless he changes his mind, this should go to the arbitration committee. →Raul654 21:19, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Raul654, once again, please, please, please, I beg of you, please, read more carefully. Note where I state above: "I do not object to mediation of this issue between myself and Curps et al." You are in the et all, my dear, come give us a kiss and let's end this feud. - Plautus satire 21:22, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Plautus, as Raul says, there is no suggestion that Raul would mediate between you and Curps. The suggestion is that a member of the mediation committee would mediate between you, Curps and Raul.  We cannot simply ask those you are in conflict with to "cease this personal vendetta" because that would be making a judgement that there is a personal vendetta - we are not in a position to take sides in that way.  What the mediators can do is discuss with both sides the problems as the other sees them.  That means we would talk to Curps and Raul about your view that they are attacking you and we would talk to you about any issues they felt needed to be addressed.  Is this acceptable to you?  Are you willing to enter into mediation on this basis?  And if so which members of the Mediation Committee would you accept as mediator? sannse (talk) 21:31, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I can simply ask that somebody please ask Curps et al to cease this vendetta, and I have asked for precisely that. That is all I seek and that is all I intend to get. Raul654, why can't we be friends? Why are you pursuing this agenda against me? - Plautus satire 21:37, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * As I said, if a mediator did that they would be taking sides and making a snap judgement that there is a "vendetta". And that is not what this process is about.  It's about a neutral mediator facilitating discussions between those in conflict.  Are you willing to enter mediation on that basis?  We can't take this any further without an answer to that question -- sannse (talk) 21:57, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * How many times do I have to answer "yes"? Are you going to keep asking until I say "no" and give you an excuse to call down the thunder and lightning? Give me a break. This is a transparent ploy. Getting other users censured on the basis of entrapment and technical violations is truly a pathetic act. I am not going to respond ever again to this question of accepting or entering mediation. I have stated numerous times already, I in fact initiated the reqeust, so what is this? I'd like to get some more attention on this issue, clearly there is already a lot of bias amongst the participants. - Plautus satire 22:14, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

It is now apparent that this attempt for peaceful outside intervention has met with complete failure. Too many users presently involved seem to be willingly or inadvertantly ignoring my repeated affirmitive responses to the acceptance of or entrance into mediation of this issue. I state now again, hopefully for the last time, that I want somebody to try and help myself and Curps et al to end this personality-based feud. - Plautus satire 22:17, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Plautus satire, I understand that you feel you are answering clearly and I am genuinely tying to understand your position. I understand that you will accept mediation on the terms of somebody asking "Curps et al to cease this vendetta" but I must be sure you accept mediation on the terms the committee is able to offer.  It's difficult when there appear to be contradictions in what you are saying.  You say:  "It is now apparent that this attempt for peaceful outside intervention has met with complete failure.", then you say "I state now again, hopefully for the last time, that I want somebody to try and help myself and Curps et al to end this personality-based feud".  It's difficult for me to know which of these statements to take as your final position.  But... the majority of your message seems to be stating that you are willing to enter mediation with Curps and Raul (who you have said is included in "et al") and so I will take that as your answer to my question.  So, the next stage is for you to answer my other question: which of the Mediation Committee are you willing to accept as your mediator? -- sannse (talk) 22:38, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I've already named my advocate in this matter, Sam Spade, who volunteered to help me. - Plautus satire 22:50, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Sam Spade is not a mediator. In order for mediation to take place we need to know which mediators you would accept.  Please see Mediation Committee for a list of current mediators -- sannse (talk) 22:57, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Once again, what I asked for was an impartial observer to make my pleas to these people. I feel their personal opinions about me are clouding their assessments of my editions. For this reason I seek an impartial observer, merely to ask them politely to stop hounding me. If that's not mediation then that is not what I asked for. Since my initial request for a disinterested party to relay my concerns to these abusive users, some of these users have subtly indicated that they now seek mediation. I do not object to mediation, but I see no rush for volunteers to mediate here. Apparently nobody who is paying attention is up to the task. - Plautus satire 23:05, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Your edit summary ("I did not ask for but do not object to mediation") and the reply above are indeed clear. I understand your position.  As for a lack of volunteers - it doesn't work that way round.  What we need is for you to look at the list on  Mediation Committee.  Then you should list the mediators you will accept, or name one mediator you would prefer, or name those mediators you won't accept, or state that you would accept any of the mediators (I repeat for clarity, Sam is not one of those on the list).  -- sannse (talk) 23:22, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Sannse, I realize you're trying to help, but I have made it very clear I did not ask for mediation, so I am under no obligation to pick a mediator from this list you keep shoving in front of me. I asked for somebody to talk to these people on my behalf, and Sam Spade offered to mediate, but as it turns out he is only an advocate, which is exactly what I asked for in the first place. Now unless Sam Spade is withdrawing his initial offer to help, I already have chosen. Now all that remains is for Sam Spade to either help me, explain that his offer for help is withdrawn, or not help me despite his statements that he would. I can't force him to help me, unless he is on the mediator list, apparently, and I do not want to force Sam Spade to help me. If he has reconsidered his decision to help me he needs to let me know he now refuses the help he initially offered. - Plautus satire 01:50, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Sannse is referring to Dispute resolution. silsor 01:57, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

Plautus - either you accept mediation or it goes to the arbitration committeee - your choice. →Raul654 02:11, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

The following statements are all quoted from my own editions to this section of this page:

 * I just want them to listen to reason and end this petty war they keep trying to start.
 * I'm not sure how this works as a formal process, but what I would like to happen is for you to politely request of these named people that they stop fixating on me and instead focus on improving wikipedia.
 * I for one am willing to accept Sam as a mediator or anyone other than one of the people I have named above. I don't even care if they are a sysop or admin or anything I just want somebody to politely ask that this personal agenda against me shared by this group be laid to rest.
 * I have accepted Sam as a mediator and have stated that I do not require mediation other than to politely ask that these users end their personal war they are currently waging against me.
 * What I object to is Raul654 mediating between myself and Curps et al, as Raul654 is a member defined by et al, which sets up a conflict of interests. I do not wish for Raul654 to mediate between myself and Raul654, as that would defeat the purpose of obtaining impartial assistance. As for who the et al is, I have named them in this request for mediation. I do not object to mediation of this issue between myself and Curps et al. I have also stated that I want no formal action taken against Curps et al, and only wish to have another user politely ask them to cease this personal vendetta. They do not heed my requests to do so, perhaps they would heed the requests of others, I don't know. What I do know is that I am making every good will effort here to resolve this without having them punished for their behaviour.

I could go on, there are many summaries in the page histories where I explicitly state over and over again I do not object to the idea of mediation of this issue, and though my original request was for a simple message service to Curps et al, I would accept Sam Spade as a private mediator. He has since withdrawn his services from me in an official capacity as advocate in a formal mediation process, which I had asked for, but I have still accepted him as a private mediator. No one else in this case has accepted Sam Spade as a private mediator. If Sam Spade insists on withdrawing his assistance from this case, then another mediator must be chosen. - Plautus satire 06:40, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

To make this very simple, let's make the analogy to a trial. Curps and I intend to play the part of the prosecutor/plaintiff. You are the defendant. Sam offered to be your advocate - IE, your lawyer. You seem to think he is going to be the mediator - IE, the judge. This is not going to happen. The mediator must be chosen from the mediation committee and agreed upon by both parties. If you refuse to participate, it goes to arbitration. Make your choice. →Raul654 07:01, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have been relived of my duties in regards to Platus. He seems to be inclined against mediation, and either way, it would seem best to move expeditiously towards arbitration. Sam Spade 07:12, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Raul654, thank you for trying to make this very simple. I shall endeavor to do the same. Since Sam Spade has now officially withdrawn from this mess (who can blame him) and since I have no other candidates in mind yet, perhaps you can offer some suggestions for who should mediate. - Plautus satire 07:15, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Would either of you object to me as a mediator? Tuf-Kat 07:26, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not I. - Plautus satire 07:27, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * From comments on this page:
 * "I would be fine with Tuf-KAT." - Curps 20:30, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * "For the record, Tuf-kat is fine by me as well." - →Raul654 20:39, Feb 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Tuf-Kat is fine by me, count me in. --SheikYerBooty 20:03, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * It would seem we have an agreement on this -- sannse (talk) 09:29, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC) (see notes in this subsection regarding the inappropriateness of Sannse's participation in this issue) - Plautus satire 18:35, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Sannse, you are not involved in this issue, and I think I have already asked you to please stay out of this since you have demonstrated that ou are not informed on this issue in addition to my above cited reason that you are not involved. So we have the fact that you are ignorant on this topic and the fact that you are not involved in this issue cited as two reasons for why you should stay out of this, Sannse. Please heed my wishes and stay out of this, as you clearly have nothing to add and are not a part of this process, but merely a spectator. I ask that you strike out your comments in this thread. - Plautus satire 18:33, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * My participation was as a member of the mediation committee. But I'm happy to withdraw completely and not participate in any way as you have made it clear that that is your preference.  My messages above stand, but I will not post on this matter again.  Regards -- sannse (talk) 19:46, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Now I ask you again to strike (or delete, I don't care which) your irrelevant and unproductive comments that were clearly made in ignorance. (See explanation below where I clear up the confusion created by Curps et al.) - Plautus satire 19:52, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC) (After further review I withdraw this comment as I see Sannse did at least initially try to clear up process issues, I apologize for the repeated request, Sannse, thank you for withdrawing from this discussion since you are undesirous to mediate. - Plautus satire 19:56, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC))

 * Wonderful. Everybody either e-mail me (through the "e-mail this user" function) or have an e-mailed enabled through the same so that I can e-mail you tomorrow. Tuf-Kat 09:32, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

Don't jump the gun, yet. Now all that remains is for SheikYerBooty, and Evercat, to agree to this mediation. - Plautus satire 18:31, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Aah, I was not fully informed. I am still confused... I'm not sure mediation between Crips, Raul, Evercat and SheikyerBooty, and Plautus is a good idea.  Are you sure you don't want one of the four to act as a spokesman for the other three? Will you (Plautus) still accept mediation under any circumstances besides all five of you and me? Tuf-Kat 18:43, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

User:SheikYerBooty has informed me that he wishes to participate - I was going to mention it later. Evercat is on wiki-vacation. I am willing to act as spokesman, unless someone else really wants to do it. →Raul654 21:11, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I'm semi-vacationing. Tuf-Kat is fine. Evercat 21:23, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

What I want is what I've asked for, many times. If you would care to read all the comments above (I know it's tedious, I find myself having to remind myself continually of what I have said, luckily I've managed to remain consistent so it makes it easier). I tell you what, to save you some bother sifting, I will post a few instances above where I stated what I wanted. They are not all identical wishes, but they are all consistent. They are in chronological order (as best I can determine from the sigs and audit trails):

"some outside intervention for a situation that has arisen. The user Curps"

"for somebody to epxlain to Curps that he needs to discuss reversions, especially if he is going around unmaking everything one user (me) does"

"Curps,...Are you saying you are trying to punish me somehow for not heeding your warnings and for being unbanned? Mediation please? I don't feel it's productive for me to engage in intercourse with Curps any further as he seems to have a very personal vigilante agenda"

"some mediation on this issue to calm people down before they again step over the line"

"Is there anyone monitoring this forum who is not personally involved in this ongoing vendetta who can lend a hand dealing with these people who will not cease being hostile toward me? I just want them to listen to reason and end this petty war they keep trying to start."

"Thank you, Sam Spade. I'm not sure how this works as a formal process, but what I would like to happen is for you to politely request of these named people that they stop fixating on me and instead focus on improving wikipedia."

"I see now Raul654 is intent on reversioning my request for mediation so that others can insert confrontational statements by others into my comments. *sigh* What is the point of requesting mediation if the request is turned into an argument? Can somebody please help me here? Why are Raul654 et al being allowed to victimize me like this?"

"somebody to politely ask that this personal agenda against me shared by this group be laid to rest"

"I have accepted Sam as a mediator and have stated that I do not require mediation other than to politely ask that these users end their personal war they are currently waging against me."

"If there is some process by which I can petition users to try and politely ask these vindictive users from persecuting me, I would avail myself of that instead."

"As for who the et al is, I have named them in this request for mediation. I do not object to mediation of this issue between myself and Curps et al. I have also stated that I want no formal action taken against Curps et al, and only wish to have another user politely ask them to cease this personal vendetta."

"What I do know is that I am making every good will effort here to resolve this without having them punished for their behaviour. But if punishment is my only recourse to make them behave, I will seek punishment."

"Raul654, You are in the et all, my dear, come give us a kiss and let's end this feud."

"I can simply ask that somebody please ask Curps et al to cease this vendetta, and I have asked for precisely that. That is all I seek and that is all I intend to get. Raul654, why can't we be friends? Why are you pursuing this agenda against me?"

"I have stated numerous times already, I in fact initiated the reqeust, so what is this? I'd like to get some more attention on this issue, clearly there is already a lot of bias amongst the participants."

"somebody to try and help myself and Curps et al to end this personality-based feud"

"I've already named my advocate in this matter, Sam Spade, who volunteered to help me."

"what I asked for was an impartial observer to make my pleas to these people"

"I seek an impartial observer, merely to ask them politely to stop hounding me. If that's not mediation then that is not what I asked for."

"for a disinterested party to relay my concerns to these abusive users"

This list is far from complete, but it should serve to illustrate quite clearly what I sought, and when compared to Raul654's comments interspersed on the page and in the audit trails, it should effectively demonstrate how Raul654 has tried to insert himself to subvert, then escalate this process. Raul654's accusatory tones and hostile attitude toward me is unwarranted. I requested mediation for Curps abusive and confrontational attitude on this page, after I had made a request for somebody to please act as an impartial messenger for me. Why Raul654 thinks he can now turn my request for assistance (and then mediation) into his request for mediation (step 4 according to Raul654) and quickly on to arbitration (step 5 according to Raul654) and then to a permanent hard ban (step 6 according to Raul654). Are we to allow this sort of paint-by-numbers excision from wikipedia based on personal prejudices of sysops? I don't know, maybe that's what most people want, tyranny of the sysops and arbitrary rule under the guise of due process. Raul654, I suggest if you want mediation with me, you start a subsection on this page describing why you would like mediation, and in particular point out why you chose now to ask for mediation. Thank you so much in advance for your understanding and your infinite patience, Raul654. And by the way, forget what I said in my emails to you, I love your mustache, I can almost imagine it tickling my cheeks. Give us a kiss, beautiful. :X - Plautus satire 19:27, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Now to sum up, what I want is what I asked for, which is somebody to volunteer to act as a messenger between myself and Curps. Since Curps appears intent on turning this thread into a debate about me, instead of a simple request for assistance, I chose to ask for mediation with Curps. If the "et al" insists on entering into mediation with me, perhaps they should formally request so on this page, as I have only asked for mediation with Curps. In regards to the "et al," I would reiterate my request for individual assistance in talking to them, but since this page is for formal requests, I will not (and did not) ask for mediation with "et al". Note: This thread was started to request assistance, then mediation, between Curps and Plautus satire, and was subsequently "hijacked" by Raul654 et al so it could be turned into a forum to attack me further. Can I ask how long this abuse and ruination of wikipedia by Raul654 is going to be tolerated? While I did not and do not ask for mediation between myself and Raul654, I do not object to it if they wish to file a formal request on this page. Hopefully that will keep me from having to answer twenty times in these requests (which I'm sure will materialize with utmost haste). My other concerns about Raul654 will be addressed elsewhere, as I am about to my breaking point. I have tried hostility, that didn't work and only cast myself in a foul light. I have tried cooperation, that didn't work and only allowed for more subtle abuse that defies casual observation. I have tried polite abstraction, that didn't work and only opened me up for verbal abuse. I have tried illiciting outside help in dealing with this persistent threat to me, and that appears also to be failing. I have even tried making peace on an individual basis with these individuals, and nothing seems to work. It would seem the only option I have is to escelate my insistence that something be done about it. - Plautus satire 19:27, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

It's difficult to know for sure since this thread has been turned into yet another anti-Plautus page, but I believe the record now stands at the acceptance of Curps and myself of TufKat as mediator. I think now the process can begin, unless I am mistaken? - Plautus satire 19:59, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Raul654 and Plautus
To quoth Plautus: "While I did not and do not ask for mediation between myself and Raul654, I do not object to it if they wish to file a formal request on this page." -- I hearby request mediation between myself and Plautus. Evercat and SheikYerBooty have also expressed an interest in mediating with Plautus. I am willing to speak for them as well. I am willing to accept any member of the mediation committee. →Raul654 22:44, Feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

I want private mediation. I will announce candidates in the near future. - Plautus satire 00:23, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * You have already agreed to Tuf-Kat as a mediator between you and Raul654 (07:27, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)). Curps 00:44, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Request clarification from a member of the arbitration committee: can Curps, Shiekyourbooty, and myself have our meditions done together? If so, I speak for the rest of us when I say we want them done together, and will not accept anything else. →Raul654 05:38, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * That is an acceptable demand, but Plautus need not agree to it. Will you accept that, Plautus? Tuf-Kat 18:57, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've said all I had to say on this issue but I'll repeat it here just so I don't get steamrolled any more than I already am. I made my intentions perfectly clear with my request for moderation in dealing with Curps and with silsor. Others have tried to inject themselves into both of these processes (particularly Raul654 who has made it clear either I go or he goes). I feel that this process has reached the end of its useful life. TufKat, I have emailed you via wikipedia mail telling you I am willing to begin mediation between Curps and myself, which is what I asked for and all I asked for, regardless of how desperately Raul654 and others have been trying to jump onto this bandwagon. I have not yet received a response from you, TufKat. Are you also going to withdraw your offer to help(Because I am so unpopular? I don't blame you, don't get any of my blood on you there. - Plautus satire 19:08, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC))? - Plautus satire 19:07, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

silsor and Plautus satire
I would like to formally request mediation between myself and silsor, for reasons both of his abuse of sysop authority and for his demonstrable double standards. I have outlined briefly the claims of his sysop abuse [|here].
 * I reject mediation. silsor 05:19, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * silsor, are you abjectly refusing to discuss this reasonably with me, even using a mediator? I just want to be sure on this matter before I proceed. I do not wish to see you punished for your behaviour, I merely want you to cease. - Plautus satire 05:23, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't really see how I can make this more clear to you. You would love to stretch this out as long as possible. silsor 05:26, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for making your intentions clear, silsor. I appreciate your honesty in this matter. I will consider that honesty when I decide how further to procede. - Plautus satire 05:29, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * This request has not followed proper procedure. It is therefore premature and does not belong here. →Raul654 05:54, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Proper procedure is at Dispute resolution. silsor 05:56, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)

FINAL STATEMENT ON ALL DISPUTES

Raul654, silsor, Churps, all the others out there, and you know who you are (though I don't even know who you all are yet), you have succeeded. I have tried to remain calm and cool and cooperative and for days on end I have been baited, taunted, insulted, slandered, ridiculed and punished for doing nothing more than what I learned by example from watching all of you. Apparently what is good for these geese is not good for this gander. That's fine. Carry on with your paint-by-numbers permanent ban. I'm sick of being polite to all of you thugs and getting walked on in return. I offer no defense other than the entirety of the page histories (not cherry-picked histories or my hallucinated page deletion schemes) but the entire history of my contributions. By now, through interaction with these dumb assholes, the dead weight I have added to wikipedia far outweighs anything I have contributed or will ever be able to contibute without challenge. I'd have to live three thousand years to research entries in order to justify the changes I'd have to make in order to keep from being banned long enough to actually be allowed to insert factual information into entries without perpetual conflict. - Plautus satire 07:48, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is what you seem to have done in the other places you were banned from, as soon as you were backed into a corner on factual grounds. Bye! silsor 07:51, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * My cup runneth over. →Raul654 07:57, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * The idea that Plautus is sick of being polite is greatly amusing, considering how often he's tried it. Isomorphic 08:17, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

silsor, you're a lying mother fucker person who is engaged in slander. And I'm not going anywhere. I said I'm not going to contribute any more because assholes unreasonable people like you make it pointless and counter productive. I haven't been backed into any corner, I made a jackass of myself by letting you get me agitated. - Plautus satire 16:07, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Plautus, you have three choices:
 * 1) Mediation, where we will insist that you abide by the rules just like everyone else
 * 2) Send this to the arbitration committee
 * 3) You agree to leave Wikipedia all-together and we drop the issue

Promising to confine yourself to the talk pages isn't good enough for me or any of the rest of us. Please explicetely choose one of the above. →Raul654 18:12, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * You misunderstand me completely. I made no promises and still promise no such thing. I have already made it very clear numerous times that I intend to make every effort to learn and abide by wikipedia policy. I do not promise to be your whipping boy. You can not force me to leave wikipedia, Raul654. You may make it virtually impossible for me to make any corrections but you are not going to make me walk away. As I said, proceed with your paint-by-numbers slander of me. I'm not going to engage you any further because I feel it is a collosal waste of time. If you intend to seek to have me banned then by all means do so with utmost haste. Wikipedia is not your private Idaho. - Plautus satire 18:23, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * This is twice now you've hijacked my requests for mediation with other users, Raul654. Though I know I have popped off before thinking many times, I always admit when I make a mistake. I will let the entirety of the record speak for itself, as does the record of my posts to the Apollo hoax group, where a perusal of evidence reveals I have unpopular views, but am completely capable of expressing them without malice unless I am deliberately and persistently provoked. - Plautus satire 18:26, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Raul654, you have two choices, either stop attacking me because I insulted your mustache and called you a fat bitch and we can be friends or continue attacking me because I insulted your mustache and called you a fat bitch and let wikipedia suffer for your inability to get over it. - Plautus satire 19:13, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * For the last time, for the record, please explicetely choose - mediation (with all of us), arbitration, or quit wikipedia. If this time you do not explictely choose, I will assume you do not want mediation, and will refer this to the arbitration committee. A simple "Yes, I want mediation" will suffice. →Raul654 20:20, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Raul654, for the last time, take this to your own request for mediation with me. - Plautus satire


text:
Fluorescein

Fluorescein is an organic compound and dye based on the xanthene tricyclic structural motif, formally belonging to triarylmethine dyes family. It is available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications.

The color of its aqueous solutions is green by reflection and orange by transmission (its spectral properties are dependent on pH of the solution), as can be noticed in bubble levels, for example, in which fluorescein is added as a colorant to the alcohol filling the tube in order to increase the visibility of the air bubble contained within. More concentrated solutions of fluorescein can even appear red (because under these conditions nearly all incident emission is re-absorbed by the solution).

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Uses
Fluorescein sodium, the sodium salt of fluorescein, is used extensively as a diagnostic tool in the field of ophthalmology and optometry, where topical fluorescein is used in the diagnosis of corneal abrasions, corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is also used in rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting to evaluate the tear layer under the lens. It is available as sterile single-use sachets containing lint-free paper applicators soaked in fluorescein sodium solution.

The thyroxine ester of fluorescein is used to quantify the thyroxine concentration in blood.

Fluorescein is also known as a color additive (D&C Yellow no. 7). The disodium salt form of fluorescein is known as uranine or D&C Yellow no. 8.

Fluorescein is a precursor to the red dye eosin Y by bromination.

Safety
Oral and intravenous use of fluorescein can cause adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, hives, acute hypotension, anaphylaxis and related anaphylactoid reaction, causing cardiac arrest and sudden death due to anaphylactic shock.

Intravenous use has the most reported adverse reactions, including sudden death, but this may reflect greater use rather than greater risk. Both oral and topical uses have been reported to cause anaphylaxis, including one case of anaphylaxis with cardiac arrest (resuscitated) following topical use in an eye drop. Reported rates of adverse reactions vary from 1% to 6%. The higher rates may reflect study populations that include a higher percentage of persons with prior adverse reactions. The risk of an adverse reaction is 25 times higher if the person has had a prior adverse reaction. The risk can be reduced with prior (prophylactic) use of antihistamines and prompt emergency management of any ensuing anaphylaxis. A simple prick test may help to identify persons at greatest risk of adverse reaction.

Chemistry

The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 495 nm and peak emission at 520 nm. Values for the deprotonated form in basic solution.

Fluorescein has a pKa of 6.4, and its ionization equilibrium leads to pH-dependent absorption and emission over the range of 5 to 9. Also, the fluorescence lifetimes of the protonated and deprotonated forms of fluorescein are approximately 3 and 4 ns, which allows for pH determination from nonintensity based measurements. The lifetimes can be recovered using time-correlated single photon counting or phase-modulation fluorimetry. Upon exhaustive irradiation with visible light fluorescein decomposes to release phthalic and formic acids and carbon monoxide, effectively acting as a photoCORM. The remaining resorcinol rings react with singlet oxygen formed in situ to give oxidized, ring-opened products.

Fluorescein has an isosbestic point (equal absorption for all pH values) at 460 nm.

Derivatives
Many derivatives of fluorescein are known. Examples are:
 * fluorescein isothiocyanate 1, often abbreviated as FITC, features an isothiocyanate group (−N=C=S) substituent. FITC reacts with the amine groups of many biologically relevant compounds including intracellular proteins to form a thiourea linkage.
 * succinimidyl ester modified fluorescein, i.e. NHS-fluorescein, is another common amine-reactive derivative, yielding amide adducts that are more stable than the aforementioned thioureas.
 * Others: carboxyfluorescein, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, Pentafluorophenyl esters (PFP), tetrafluorophenyl esters (TFP) are other useful reagents.

In oligonucleotide synthesis, several phosphoramidite reagents containing protected fluorescein, e.g. 6-FAM phosphoramidite 2, are used for the preparation of fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides.

The extent to which fluorescein dilaurate is broken down to yield lauric acid can be detected as a measure of pancreatic esterase activity.

Synthesis
Approximately 250 tons/y were produced in the year 2000. The method involves the fusion of phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, similar to the route described by Adolf von Baeyer in 1871. In some cases, acids such as zinc chloride and methanesulfonic acid are employed to accelerate the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

Research
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 512 nm (in water). The major derivatives are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and, in oligonucleotide synthesis, 6-FAM phosphoramidite.

Biosciences
In cellular biology, the     isothiocyanate derivative of fluorescein is often used to label and track cells in fluorescence microscopy applications (for example, flow cytometry). Additional biologically active molecules (such as antibodies) may also be attached to fluorescein, allowing biologists to target the fluorophore to specific proteins or structures within cells. This application is common in yeast display.

Fluorescein can also be conjugated to nucleoside triphosphates and incorporated into a probe enzymatically for in situ hybridisation. The use of fluorescein amidite, shown below right, allows one to synthesize labeled oligonucleotides for the same purpose. Yet another technique termed molecular beacons makes use of synthetic fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides. Fluorescein-labelled probes can be imaged using FISH, or targeted by antibodies using immunohistochemistry. The latter is a common alternative to digoxigenin, and the two are used together for labelling two genes in one sample.

Intravenous or oral fluorescein is used in fluorescein angiography in research and to diagnose and categorize vascular disorders including retinal disease, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory intraocular conditions, and intraocular tumors. It is also being used increasingly during surgery for brain and spine tumors.

Diluted fluorescein dye has been used to localise multiple muscular ventricular septal defects during open heart surgery and confirm the presence of any residual defects.

Earth sciences
Fluorescein is used as a rather conservative flow tracer in hydrological tracer tests to help in understanding of water flow of both surface waters and groundwater. The dye can also be added to rainwater in environmental testing simulations to aid in locating and analyzing any water leaks, and in Australia and New Zealand as a methylated spirit dye.

As fluorescein solution changes its color depending on concentration, it has been used as a tracer in evaporation experiments.

One of its more recognizable uses was in the Chicago River, where fluorescein was the first substance used to dye the river green on St. Patrick's Day in 1962. In 1966, environmentalists forced a change to a vegetable-based dye to protect local wildlife.

Fluorescein dye solutions, typically 15% active, are commonly used as an aid to leak detection during hydrostatic testing of subsea oil and gas pipelines and other subsea infrastructure. Leaks can be detected by divers or ROVs carrying an ultraviolet light.

Plant science
Fluorescein has often been used to track water movement in groundwater to study water flow and observe areas of contamination or obstruction in these systems. The fluorescence that is created by the dye makes problem areas more visible and easily identified. A similar concept can be applied to plants because the dye can make problems in plant vasculature more visible. In plant science, fluorescein, and other fluorescent dyes, have been used to monitor and study plant vasculature, particularly the xylem, which is the main water transportation pathway in plants. This is because fluorescein is xylem-mobile and unable to cross plasma membranes, making it particularly useful in tracking water movement through the xylem. Fluorescein can be introduced to a plant's veins through the roots or a cut stem. The dye is able to be taken up into the plant the same way as water and moves from the roots to the top of the plant due to a transpirational pull. The fluorescein that has been taken up into the plant can be visualized under a fluorescent microscope.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fluorescein


text:
1927 Quebec general election

The 1927 Quebec general election was held on May 16, 1927, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Arthur Sauvé.

It was the second general election victory in a row for Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, who had held office since 1920.

Results
Twelve Liberal MLAs were returned by acclamation, including one on the Island of Montreal. Taschereau himself was acclaimed in Montmorency, because of the alleged technical rejection of the Conservative candidate Lucien Drolet's nomination papers. Drolet would later sue the returning officer over this.

The Liberals won back six of the Montreal seats they had lost in 1923. There was a controversy in Montréal–Saint-Louis, where the Conservative candidate Louis Fitch claimed that he had been subject to false arrest on Election Day.

Polling was deferred to May 23 in Gaspé. This was because weather conditions caused the closure of many roads in the area.

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MPPs ! colspan=4 | Votes ! Candidates !1923 !1927 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) ! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total ! " colspan="3"| 85 ! " colspan="2"| 317,961 ! " colspan="2"| 100%
 * rowspan="3" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Government candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
 * 85
 * 64
 * 74
 * 10
 * 188,687
 * 38,957
 * 59.34
 * 7.82
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 1,365
 * New
 * 0.43
 * New
 * rowspan="5" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Opposition candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|Arthur Sauvé
 * 67
 * 20
 * 9
 * 11
 * 109,105
 * 92,295
 * 34.31
 * 5.01
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 1
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="4"|Did not campaign
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 2,685
 * 2,246
 * 0.84
 * 0.86
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 4,432
 * 1,993
 * 1.39
 * 0.55
 * rowspan="3" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Other candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 7
 * 1
 * 1
 * 9,345
 * 3,759
 * 2.94
 * 1.02
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 2,342
 * 1,417
 * 0.74
 * 0.42
 * rowspan="3" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Other candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 7
 * 1
 * 1
 * 9,345
 * 3,759
 * 2.94
 * 1.02
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 2,342
 * 1,417
 * 0.74
 * 0.42
 * 2,342
 * 1,417
 * 0.74
 * 0.42
 * 0.74
 * 0.42
 * 167
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Rejected ballots
 * 2,843
 * 965
 * colspan="2"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Voter turnout
 * 320,804
 * 26,347
 * 62.91
 * 0.89
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Registered electors (contested ridings only)
 * 509,935
 * 35,141
 * colspan="2"|
 * colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | Candidates returned by acclamation
 * 12
 * 4
 * colspan="4"|
 * }
 * 12
 * 4
 * colspan="4"|
 * }

title: 1927 Quebec general election


text:
Harbourfront, Toronto

Harbourfront is a neighbourhood on the northern shore of Lake Ontario within the downtown core of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Toronto waterfront, Harbourfront extends from Bathurst Street in the west, along Queens Quay, with its ill-defined eastern boundary being either Yonge Street or York Street. Its northern boundary is the Gardiner Expressway. Much of the district was former water lots filled in during the early 1900s to create a larger harbour district. After shipping patterns changed and the use of the Toronto harbour declined, the area was converted from industrial uses to a mixed-use district that is mostly residential and leisure.

History
Toronto's harbour has been used since the founding of Toronto for shipping and industrial purposes. The Town of York was founded to the west of the Don River, along the waterfront. When the town was founded, the water's edge was approximately where today's 'Front Street' is located. Over time, the area south of Front Street to today's water's edge south of 'Queen's Quay' was filled in with landfill, creating piers and area for industrial development.

Prior to the 1972 federal election, Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau announced the Harbourfront project, which would expropriate the industrial port lands from York Street west to Bathurst Street, south of Queen's Quay and convert them to a cultural and residential district for Toronto, similar to the Granville Island district in Vancouver. The federal government has converted the industrial area to an area mixed with art galleries, performance spaces, boating areas and parks. The surrounding neighbourhood, formerly industrial has been converted by private land developers into a series of condominium towers overlooking the project and Lake Ontario. From its beginnings as "Harbourfront Corporation", a federal Crown Corporation established in 1972, Harbourfront Centre was formed on January 1, 1991 as a non-profit charitable organization with a mandate to organize and present public events and to operate a 10 acre site encompassing York Quay and John Quay (south of Queens Quay West). Since its inception, Harbourfront Centre has been used by artists that would not normally be seen in commercial venues, in an effort to foster new forms of arts and expression.

In July 2012 Waterfront Toronto began a major reconstruction of Queen's Quay West, requiring the 509 streetcar to be replaced with buses for the duration of the construction. On October 12, 2014, streetcar service resumed on 509 Harbourfront route after an absence of over two years in order to rebuild the street to a new design. With the new street design, two auto lanes south of the streetcar tracks were eliminated between Spadina Avenue and York Street in order to extend Harbourfront parkland to the edge of the streetcar tracks. The Martin Goodman Trail (a bicycle path), two rows of trees, benches and a wider pedestrian space are located on the immediate south side of the streetcar tracks.

Character
The area along the waterfront is composed of mixed uses. The federal government lands to the south of Queen's Quay include a community centre, a Toronto fire department station, various boating uses, parkland and the Harbourfront Centre. To the north of Queen's Quay, all of the industrial lands along the street have been replaced with high-rise condominium towers. To the east of the federal government lands, the waterfront is mixed with industrial uses, a hotel, ferry docks, boating uses, a sugar factory and vacant lands.

Neighbourhood issues
The neighbourhood is separated from the rest of downtown Toronto by the elevated Gardiner Expressway. A project to link Lower Simcoe with Simcoe St. via tunnel has been completed to provide a new link between Harbourfront and downtown, though access between the waterfront and the core remains an issue. Proposals have been made to demolish the Expressway in the area. One proposal was to demolish the highway east of Spadina Avenue. Another proposal, to demolish the highway from the Don River to Jarvis Street is being actively studied by the City of Toronto.

The Toronto Island Airport is another neighbourhood issue. The airport, located to the south-west of the neighbourhood, is opposed by local community groups and some city politicians, including Toronto's past mayor, David Miller, as an impediment to the waterfront lands redevelopment. Toronto's former mayor, Rob Ford, on the other hand, backed an expansion of the airport, as it created jobs. The airport, built in the 1930s, is utilized for regional air travel. The airport generates hundreds of noise complaints monthly to its operator, the Toronto Port Authority. The Toronto Port Authority confirmed on September 12, 2008, that Porter Airlines was fined for breaking noise curfews in its operations at the Island Airport. A study by the Port Authority is being conducted into reducing noise from Porter's takeoffs and landings.

Notable buildings and facilities
Harbourfront is the site of the Jack Layton Ferry Terminal which provides transportation services to the Toronto Islands from the foot of Bay Street.

Captain John's Harbour Boat Restaurant was also a ship moored at the Yonge Street slip and removed in 2015. Toronto Maritime Museum was relocated from Exhibition Place in 1997, but closed in 2003.

Harbourfront Centre, housing galleries and performance spaces is located at the foot of Lower Simcoe Street. Harbourfront houses four craft studios; ceramics, glass, metal and textiles. All studios began in 1974 and still operate, providing new craft artists with subsidized work spaces at the beginning of their careers. Harbourfront hosts an extensive program of arts and cultural events throughout each summer, including craft and artisan fairs, theatre and dance performances and musical concerts. A series of free concerts is staged at Harbourfront's outdoor concert stage every weekend throughout the summer and in winter there is a free open-air ice rink. Queen's Quay Terminal, next to Harbourfront Centre, is a former warehouse converted into a mixed-use building including a shopping centre designed for high-end retailers, commercial office space, and a residential condominium development. Today, the mall houses some stores and restaurants, predominantly catering to tourists.

The Canada Malting Silos along the waterfront at the western edge of Harbourfront, are one of the last vestiges of the industrial past of the neighbourhood. The buildings were long ago abandoned by the company that built them, but a proposal for demolition was cancelled when the estimated cost for demolition rose into the millions of dollars. The site is also now considered a heritage site, and any development must conserve some aspect of the industrial past. Two proposals have been made, a Canadian music museum and a Toronto history museum have both been proposed for the site. Both proposals keep the silos, but demolish other buildings on the site. The silos are one two remaining silos in the area (see Victory Soya Mills Silos) and reminder of the past uses of the area.

To the south of the Silos, Toronto Ireland Park was inaugurated in 2004. The site has memorials to an 1878 exodus of Irish persons to Toronto.

To the east of Harbourfront, at the foot of Jarvis Street is the Redpath Sugar Refinery, which is both an active sugar refinery and a sugar production museum.

Parks and open spaces
Although Toronto has often been criticized for not having a dynamic and beautiful waterfront park, Harbourfront has a network of parks, open spaces and trails that allow residents and visitors to access the public realm. Parks and public spaces like HTO Park, the Martin Goodman Trail, the Yo-Yo Ma Music Garden, and the Waterfront WaveDecks at the foot of Spadina Avenue, Rees Street and Lower Simcoe combine to beautify the harbourfront and bring people to the water's edge.

List of parks and open spaces

 * Harbourfront – Water's Edge
 * HTO Park
 * Ireland Park
 * John Quay
 * John Quay North
 * Harbour Square Park
 * Martin Goodman Trail / Waterfront Trail
 * Maple Leaf Quay East – former site of Maple Leaf Mills Silos
 * Maple Leaf Quay West
 * Rees WaveDeck
 * Simcoe WaveDeck
 * Toronto Music Garden
 * Spadina WaveDeck
 * York Quay & Harbourfront Centre

Transportation
The area is served by streetcar links with Union, Spadina, and Bathurst subway stations. The 510 Spadina and 509 Harbourfront streetcar routes terminate at Union Station, travel underground along Bay Street, and surface through in the centre ROW lane on Queens Quay west. The streetcar route travels along Queen's Quay in a separate right-of-way, either to the CNE grounds, up to Spadina or to Bathurst, depending on day of the week and other factors.

The area is accessible from the Spadina Avenue, Yonge/Bay and Jarvis street off-ramps of the Gardiner Expressway.

Toronto Island Ferry operates from the City/Bay Street Docks at the foot of Bay Street (all ferries excluding Trillium) and Yonge Street slip (Trillium).

title: Harbourfront, Toronto


text:
Fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light. A complementary technique is absorption spectroscopy. In the special case of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, intensity fluctuations from the emitted light are measured from either single fluorophores, or pairs of fluorophores.

Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.

Theory
Molecules have various states referred to as energy levels. Fluorescence spectroscopy is primarily concerned with electronic and vibrational states. Generally, the species being examined has a ground electronic state (a low energy state) of interest, and an excited electronic state of higher energy. Within each of these electronic states there are various vibrational states.

In fluorescence, the species is first excited, by absorbing a photon, from its ground electronic state to one of the various vibrational states in the excited electronic state. Collisions with other molecules cause the excited molecule to lose vibrational energy until it reaches the lowest vibrational state from the excited electronic state. This process is often visualized with a Jablonski diagram.

The molecule then drops down to one of the various vibrational levels of the ground electronic state again, emitting a photon in the process. As molecules may drop down into any of several vibrational levels in the ground state, the emitted photons will have different energies, and thus frequencies. Therefore, by analysing the different frequencies of light emitted in fluorescent spectroscopy, along with their relative intensities, the structure of the different vibrational levels can be determined.

For atomic species, the process is similar; however, since atomic species do not have vibrational energy levels, the emitted photons are often at the same wavelength as the incident radiation. This process of re-emitting the absorbed photon is "resonance fluorescence" and while it is characteristic of atomic fluorescence, is seen in molecular fluorescence as well.

In a typical fluorescence (emission) measurement, the excitation wavelength is fixed and the detection wavelength varies, while in a fluorescence excitation measurement the detection wavelength is fixed and the excitation wavelength is varied across a region of interest. An emission map is measured by recording the emission spectra resulting from a range of excitation wavelengths and combining them all together. This is a three dimensional surface data set: emission intensity as a function of excitation and emission wavelengths, and is typically depicted as a contour map.

Instrumentation
Two general types of instruments exist: filter fluorometers that use filters to isolate the incident light and fluorescent light and spectrofluorometers that use diffraction grating monochromators to isolate the incident light and fluorescent light.

Both types use the following scheme: the light from an excitation source passes through a filter or monochromator, and strikes the sample. A proportion of the incident light is absorbed by the sample, and some of the molecules in the sample fluoresce. The fluorescent light is emitted in all directions. Some of this fluorescent light passes through a second filter or monochromator and reaches a detector, which is usually placed at 90° to the incident light beam to minimize the risk of transmitted or reflected incident light reaching the detector. Various light sources may be used as excitation sources, including lasers, LED, and lamps; xenon arcs and mercury-vapor lamps in particular. A laser only emits light of high irradiance at a very narrow wavelength interval, typically under 0.01 nm, which makes an excitation monochromator or filter unnecessary. The disadvantage of this method is that the wavelength of a laser cannot be changed by much. A mercury vapor lamp is a line lamp, meaning it emits light near peak wavelengths. By contrast, a xenon arc has a continuous emission spectrum with nearly constant intensity in the range from 300-800 nm and a sufficient irradiance for measurements down to just above 200 nm.

Filters and/or monochromators may be used in fluorimeters. A monochromator transmits light of an adjustable wavelength with an adjustable tolerance. The most common type of monochromator utilizes a diffraction grating, that is, collimated light illuminates a grating and exits with a different angle depending on the wavelength. The monochromator can then be adjusted to select which wavelengths to transmit. For allowing anisotropy measurements, the addition of two polarization filters is necessary: One after the excitation monochromator or filter, and one before the emission monochromator or filter.

As mentioned before, the fluorescence is most often measured at a 90° angle relative to the excitation light. This geometry is used instead of placing the sensor at the line of the excitation light at a 180° angle in order to avoid interference of the transmitted excitation light. No monochromator is perfect and it will transmit some stray light, that is, light with other wavelengths than the targeted. An ideal monochromator would only transmit light in the specified range and have a high wavelength-independent transmission. When measuring at a 90° angle, only the light scattered by the sample causes stray light. This results in a better signal-to-noise ratio, and lowers the detection limit by approximately a factor 10000, when compared to the 180° geometry. Furthermore, the fluorescence can also be measured from the front, which is often done for turbid or opaque samples .

The detector can either be single-channeled or multichanneled. The single-channeled detector can only detect the intensity of one wavelength at a time, while the multichanneled one detects the intensity of all wavelengths simultaneously, making the emission monochromator or filter unnecessary.

The most versatile fluorimeters with dual monochromators and a continuous excitation light source can record both an excitation spectrum and a fluorescence spectrum. When measuring fluorescence spectra, the wavelength of the excitation light is kept constant, preferably at a wavelength of high absorption, and the emission monochromator scans the spectrum. For measuring excitation spectra, the wavelength passing through the emission filter or monochromator is kept constant and the excitation monochromator is scanning. The excitation spectrum generally is identical to the absorption spectrum as the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the absorption.

Analysis of data
At low concentrations the fluorescence intensity will generally be proportional to the concentration of the fluorophore.

Unlike in UV/visible spectroscopy, ‘standard’, device independent spectra are not easily attained. Several factors influence and distort the spectra, and corrections are necessary to attain ‘true’, i.e. machine-independent, spectra. The different types of distortions will here be classified as being either instrument- or sample-related. Firstly, the distortion arising from the instrument is discussed. As a start, the light source intensity and wavelength characteristics varies over time during each experiment and between each experiment. Furthermore, no lamp has a constant intensity at all wavelengths. To correct this, a beam splitter can be applied after the excitation monochromator or filter to direct a portion of the light to a reference detector.

Additionally, the transmission efficiency of monochromators and filters must be taken into account. These may also change over time. The transmission efficiency of the monochromator also varies depending on wavelength. This is the reason that an optional reference detector should be placed after the excitation monochromator or filter. The percentage of the fluorescence picked up by the detector is also dependent upon the system. Furthermore, the detector quantum efficiency, that is, the percentage of photons detected, varies between different detectors, with wavelength and with time, as the detector inevitably deteriorates.

Two other topics that must be considered include the optics used to direct the radiation and the means of holding or containing the sample material (called a cuvette or cell). For most UV, visible, and NIR measurements the use of precision quartz cuvettes is necessary. In both cases, it is important to select materials that have relatively little absorption in the wavelength range of interest. Quartz is ideal because it transmits from 200 nm-2500 nm; higher grade quartz can even transmit up to 3500 nm, whereas the absorption properties of other materials can mask the fluorescence from the sample.

Correction of all these instrumental factors for getting a ‘standard’ spectrum is a tedious process, which is only applied in practice when it is strictly necessary. This is the case when measuring the quantum yield or when finding the wavelength with the highest emission intensity for instance.

As mentioned earlier, distortions arise from the sample as well. Therefore, some aspects of the sample must be taken into account too. Firstly, photodecomposition may decrease the intensity of fluorescence over time. Scattering of light must also be taken into account. The most significant types of scattering in this context are Rayleigh and Raman scattering. Light scattered by Rayleigh scattering has the same wavelength as the incident light, whereas in Raman scattering the scattered light changes wavelength usually to longer wavelengths. Raman scattering is the result of a virtual electronic state induced by the excitation light. From this virtual state, the molecules may relax back to a vibrational level other than the vibrational ground state. In fluorescence spectra, it is always seen at a constant wavenumber difference relative to the excitation wavenumber e.g. the peak appears at a wavenumber 3600 cm−1 lower than the excitation light in water.

Other aspects to consider are the inner filter effects. These include reabsorption. Reabsorption happens because another molecule or part of a macromolecule absorbs at the wavelengths at which the fluorophore emits radiation. If this is the case, some or all of the photons emitted by the fluorophore may be absorbed again. Another inner filter effect occurs because of high concentrations of absorbing molecules, including the fluorophore. The result is that the intensity of the excitation light is not constant throughout the solution. Resultingly, only a small percentage of the excitation light reaches the fluorophores that are visible for the detection system. The inner filter effects change the spectrum and intensity of the emitted light and they must therefore be considered when analysing the emission spectrum of fluorescent light.

Tryptophan fluorescence
The fluorescence of a folded protein is a mixture of the fluorescence from individual aromatic residues. Most of the intrinsic fluorescence emissions of a folded protein are due to excitation of tryptophan residues, with some emissions due to tyrosine and phenylalanine; but disulfide bonds also have appreciable absorption in this wavelength range. Typically, tryptophan has a wavelength of maximum absorption of 280 nm and an emission peak that is solvatochromic, ranging from ca. 300 to 350 nm depending in the polarity of the local environment Hence, protein fluorescence may be used as a diagnostic of the conformational state of a protein. Furthermore, tryptophan fluorescence is strongly influenced by the proximity of other residues (i.e., nearby protonated groups such as Asp or Glu can cause quenching of Trp fluorescence). Also, energy transfer between tryptophan and the other fluorescent amino acids is possible, which would affect the analysis, especially in cases where the Förster acidic approach is taken. In addition, tryptophan is a relatively rare amino acid; many proteins contain only one or a few tryptophan residues. Therefore, tryptophan fluorescence can be a very sensitive measurement of the conformational state of individual tryptophan residues. The advantage compared to extrinsic probes is that the protein itself is not changed. The use of intrinsic fluorescence for the study of protein conformation is in practice limited to cases with few (or perhaps only one) tryptophan residues, since each experiences a different local environment, which gives rise to different emission spectra.

Tryptophan is an important intrinsic fluorescent (amino acid), which can be used to estimate the nature of microenvironment of the tryptophan. When performing experiments with denaturants, surfactants or other amphiphilic molecules, the microenvironment of the tryptophan might change. For example, if a protein containing a single tryptophan in its 'hydrophobic' core is denatured with increasing temperature, a red-shifted emission spectrum will appear. This is due to the exposure of the tryptophan to an aqueous environment as opposed to a hydrophobic protein interior. In contrast, the addition of a surfactant to a protein which contains a tryptophan which is exposed to the aqueous solvent will cause a blue-shifted emission spectrum if the tryptophan is embedded in the surfactant vesicle or micelle. Proteins that lack tryptophan may be coupled to a fluorophore.

With fluorescence excitation at 295 nm, the tryptophan emission spectrum is dominant over the weaker tyrosine and phenylalanine fluorescence.

Applications
Fluorescence spectroscopy is used in, among others, biochemical, medical, and chemical research fields for analyzing organic compounds. There has also been a report of its use in differentiating malignant skin tumors from benign.

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS) techniques are useful in other kinds of analysis/measurement of a compound present in air or water, or other media, such as CVAFS which is used for heavy metals detection, such as mercury.

Fluorescence can also be used to redirect photons, see fluorescent solar collector.

Additionally, Fluorescence spectroscopy can be adapted to the microscopic level using microfluorimetry

In analytical chemistry, fluorescence detectors are used with HPLC.

In the field of water research, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to monitor water quality by detecting organic pollutants. Recent advances in computer science and machine learning have even enabled detection of bacterial contamination of water.

In biomedical research, fluorescence spectroscopy is used to evaluate the efficiency of drug distribution through the cross-linking of fluorescent agents to various drugs.

Fluorescence spectroscopy in biophysical research enables individuals to visualize and characterize lipid domains within cellular membranes.

title: Fluorescence spectroscopy


text:
1923 Quebec general election

The 1923 Quebec general election was held on February 5, 1923, to elect members of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Arthur Sauvé.

It was the first of four election victories in a row for Taschereau. However, he had held office since 1920, following the resignation of the previous premier, Lomer Gouin.

Redistribution of ridings
An Act passed prior to the election increased the number of MLAs from 81 to 85 through the following changes:

Results
This was the last Quebec election in which a candidate won in multiple ridings. Joseph-Édouard Perrault took both Abitibi and Arthabaska, and he would later resign from Abitibi to allow Hector Authier to be elected in a byelection later that year.

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MPPs ! colspan=4 | Votes ! Candidates !1919 !1923 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) ! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total ! " colspan="2"| 85 ! " colspan="2"| 290,649 ! " colspan="2"| 100%
 * rowspan="3" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Government candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
 * 83
 * 74
 * 64
 * 10
 * 149,730
 * 82,438
 * 51.52
 * 0.39
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 2
 * 2
 * 5,554
 * 6,952
 * 1.91
 * 7.74
 * rowspan="6" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Opposition candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|Arthur Sauvé
 * 66
 * 5
 * 20
 * 15
 * 114,285
 * 92,295
 * 39.32
 * 22.36
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 1
 * 1
 * 3,684
 * New
 * 1.27
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 6
 * 4,931
 * New
 * 1.70
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 3,180
 * New
 * 1.09
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 3
 * 2,439
 * New
 * 0.84
 * New
 * rowspan="4" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Other candidates
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 10
 * 5,586
 * 16,316
 * 1.92
 * 14.96
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 925
 * New
 * 0.32
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 335
 * New
 * 0.11
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 10
 * 5,586
 * 16,316
 * 1.92
 * 14.96
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 925
 * New
 * 0.32
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 335
 * New
 * 0.11
 * New
 * New
 * style="text-align:left;" |
 * style="text-align:left;"|–
 * 1
 * 335
 * New
 * 0.11
 * New
 * 335
 * New
 * 0.11
 * New
 * 179
 * 81
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Rejected ballots
 * 3,808
 * 2,360
 * colspan="2"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Voter turnout
 * 294,457
 * 163,273
 * 62.02
 * 6.91
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | Registered electors (contested ridings only)
 * 474,794
 * 236,742
 * colspan="2"|
 * colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | Candidates returned by acclamation
 * 8
 * 37
 * colspan="4"|
 * }
 * 8
 * 37
 * colspan="4"|
 * }

Eight Liberal MLAs were returned by acclamation:

title: 1923 Quebec general election


text:
Junior Soprano

Corrado John "Junior" Soprano Jr., portrayed by Dominic Chianese, is a fictional character from the HBO TV series The Sopranos. Usually referred to as "Junior" or "Uncle June," he is the acting boss of the DiMeo crime family for most of the series. A younger Corrado sometimes appears in flashbacks and is played by Rocco Sisto. Corey Stoll portrays a young Junior Soprano in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark. Dominic Chianese's performance as Junior received critical acclaim, garnering two Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series.

Junior is depicted as being intelligent, old-fashioned, stubborn and insecure about his power. Although Junior is portrayed as bitter and deceitful in season one, he shows a more considerate and humorous side of himself in the later seasons. He reveals a more sensitive aspect of his personality during his illness and house arrest. According to series creator David Chase, the name Junior was taken from one of his cousins. Chianese landed the role of Junior over Tony Sirico who played Paulie Gualtieri, and Frank Vincent who played Phil Leotardo.

Background
In Season One, it's stated that Junior is 70 years old, placing his birth date in 1928 or 1929. Corrado Soprano, Jr. is the eldest of three sons of Corrado and Mariangela D'Agostino Soprano, who were from Ariano (an Italian town) and immigrated to the United States in 1911. Junior is the uncle of Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini). Junior had two younger brothers, Ercole "Eckley" Soprano. Eckley was intellectually disabled and lived in a mental institution for most of his life. Junior's youngest brother was Tony's father, Johnny Soprano. Both of his brothers died in the 1980s, meaning that he outlived both of them. He tells the court-ordered psychologist, when feigning mental incompetence, that he was getting a haircut when he heard about the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

He tells Tony that he admired John F. Kennedy but didn't like his brother Robert because of the latter's involvement with the United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management, as well as the prosecution of Jimmy Hoffa and investigation into the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Tony fondly recalls how as a child, Junior taught him how to play baseball and took him to New York Yankees games. Junior also apparently enjoys surfing. He recounts fondly teaching Tony body surfing on the Jersey Shore as a child, and purchases AJ a $400 surfboard for his birthday.

Both Junior and Johnny dropped out of high school and turned to a life of organized crime, joining the DiMeo crime family. In the episode "In Camelot", Junior Soprano reveals that he was on a date with Fran Felstein at the 500 Club in Atlantic City, New Jersey to see Enzo Stuarti perform when Fran met his brother Johnny. Junior was in love with Fran and wanted to propose, even buying a ring for her, but couldn't allow a marriage to affect his status in organized crime or summon the courage to ask her.

Junior always watched over Tony, especially after Johnny's death from emphysema in 1986. Junior guided Tony's ascension into the crime family when Tony took over his father's crew becoming the family's youngest captain.

Following the arrest of longtime boss Ercole "Eckley" DiMeo in late 1995, Junior got into a trucking dispute with new acting boss Jackie Aprile Sr. (Michael Rispoli). He fled to Boca Raton to avoid any possible repercussions, but Tony and Soprano soldier "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero (Vincent Pastore) arranged a meeting to solve the problem. Junior sometimes resented having to answer to the young Aprile, who used to fetch Junior sambucas.

Junior never married and had no children. He lives in Belleville, New Jersey. He tells Bobby Baccalieri (Steve Schirripa) that he has a problem with feet, and does not even like talking about bunions.

The Many Saints of Newark
Junior briefly takes over as caporegime of his brother Giovanni "Johnny Boy" Soprano's crew from 1967, after he is sent to prison. At the funeral of "Hollywood Dick" Moltisanti, Junior takes Richard "Dickie" Moltisanti aside and tells him he considers them to be brothers. He offers Dickie his hand in friendship and promises to provide any favors he requires.

Five years later, in 1972, Johnny Boy is released from prison and takes back the reins of his crew. To Junior's chagrin, Johnny reprimands him for apparently letting his neighborhood "fall apart" in his absence. Johnny urges his brother to follow Dickie's "example", but this only fractures the close relationship that Corrado once had with Dickie. It is clear that Johnny is beginning to hold Dickie favorably to his brother, who now sees Dickie as a rival, not a partner.

Sometime later, Junior attends the funeral of Buddha, a made man killed by Harold McBrayer's African-American mob in a gangland hit. Corrado slips down the stairs of the mortuary, and Dickie laughs, mocking Junior as he struggles to get back onto his feet. Months later, Junior is further frustrated when his injury prevents him from having sex with his comare. Humiliated and enraged, Junior secretly orders a hit on Dickie Moltisanti, knowing it will be blamed on Harold's crew. Moltisanti is shot in the head from behind in the driveway of his home by an unknown assailant. At Moltisanti's own funeral, Corrado stares coldly at his corpse, content with the knowledge that Dickie's death will never come back to him.

The Sopranos
In the opening episode of the show, Junior plans to kill "Little Pussy" Malanga at a restaurant owned by Tony's childhood friend, Artie Bucco (John Ventimiglia). Tony makes many attempts to prevent the murder and eventually resorts to fire bombing the restaurant to force its closure so the hit would happen elsewhere, enraging Junior. Tensions escalate further when two of Tony's criminal associates Christopher Moltisanti (Michael Imperioli) and Brendan Filone (Anthony DeSando) hijack a truck owned by a Harrison, New Jersey, company that pays protection to Junior. Junior constantly expresses outrage and threats over the issue despite Tony's attempts to resolve it. When Brendan hijacks another truck, and the driver is accidentally killed, Junior orders Brendan's murder. He spares Christopher's life because he is a surrogate nephew of Tony's, ordering a mock execution instead.

Junior has been waiting a long time to become boss and, with his senior rank, feels he is next in line. Upon Jackie Aprile's death, Tony has the support to take over the family but fears Junior will start a war if he is not named boss. Tony resolves the situation by letting Junior become boss in order to steer law enforcement attention away from the rest of the family. With the support of the other captains, Tony runs things behind the scenes, especially as Junior becomes greedier and more abusive of his authority. When Junior finds out about this from Tony's mother, he is furious.

Around this time, Junior's long-time goomah, Bobbi Sanfillipo, inadvertently causes word of Junior's talent for oral sex to spread among the mob wives, eventually reaching Tony, who mocks him in front of several other men. Junior furiously breaks up with Bobbi over this, smashing a lemon meringue pie in her face. He also learns through Livia (Nancy Marchand) that Tony is seeing a psychiatrist. Junior then orders Tony's failed assassination, which, due to his fondness for Tony, upsets him. Junior vomits while discussing details of the hit and is visibly upset when his associates discuss the hit with him. Tony retaliates by having two of Junior's enforcers, Mikey Palmice (Al Sapienza) and Chucky Signore (Sal Ruffino), murdered. Junior is spared only because the FBI arrests him on racketeering charges.

Junior's acting captain, Philly "Spoons" Parisi, comments on the conflict between Tony and his uncle and also Livia's involvement, so Tony has him killed. With Junior and his main supporters either in jail or dead, Tony takes full control of the family. He lets Junior keep the title of boss while Tony runs everything as the street boss. Junior is allowed to run his old crew but must give 95% of the proceeds to Tony. Along with a bigger share from his old high-end poker game, union rackets, and car theft ring, this enables Junior to live on a subsistence level while also making enough to pay his legal fees.

Finally, Tony moves two soldiers from Junior's crew, Patsy Parisi (Dan Grimaldi), the twin brother of Philly, and Gigi Cestone (John Fiore), over to his own crew. This leaves Junior the senile Murf Lupo (Val Bisoglio) as capo, Beppy Scerbo (Joe Pucillo), and Bobby Baccalieri as soldiers.

Soon, Junior is released from jail and placed under house arrest in his Belleville, New Jersey home while awaiting trial, after his attorney convinces the judge that Junior is much sicker than he actually is. While he is under house arrest, Soprano captain Richie Aprile (David Proval) is released from prison after serving ten years, and actively seeks Junior's friendship. Richie wants him and Junior to kill Tony and take over the crime family.

While Junior wants to take back control, he is cautious of Richie's plans. Junior is conflicted over which side to favor but eventually decides that while Tony can be selfish and impulsive, Richie simply is not respected enough by the rest of the family. Junior tells Tony of Richie's plans against him. Grateful for the warning, Tony increases Junior's take of his former rackets from 5% to 7.5%, and the two (more or less) bury the hatchet.

During this time, Bobby Baccalieri becomes Junior's replacement, right-hand man, and closest confidant. Bobby accompanies Junior on hospital visits during his battles with stomach cancer, which he eventually overcomes. Junior finds various ways to get around his house arrest—using his doctor's office and lawyer's office to conduct business and attending as many funerals and family functions as possible. Despite their disputes, Tony often seeks Junior's advice as the voice of experience.

In Season Four, Junior's trial ends in a mistrial after they are able to intimidate one of the jurors into voting not guilty and forcing a hung jury. Although Junior has survived cancer and possible prison time, the toll of a series of 'mini-strokes' and the confinement of house arrest has left him confused, depressed, and in failing health. By season five, Junior starts to show signs of dementia, requiring care and support. In "Where's Johnny?", Junior wanders the streets in his bathrobe and slippers, looking for his deceased brother.

In Season Six, Junior's dementia has worsened, as he becomes paranoid that his long-deceased enemy, "Little Pussy" Malanga, is after him. Tony refuses to put his uncle in a nursing home, feeling obligated to care for Junior himself with the aid of his sisters and Bobby. In the season six debut episode, Tony arrives at Junior's house one evening. Junior, believing his nephew to be Malanga, shoots Tony in the abdomen. Frightened, Junior runs upstairs, hiding away in his bedroom closet while Tony struggles to dial 9-1-1 before losing consciousness.

Junior is arrested and taken into federal custody over the shooting, but his lawyer secures him a release into a cushy mental institution, claiming he is currently unfit to stand trial. Junior remains confused and distressed, denying that he could have deliberately shot his own nephew. Junior's dementia has progressed to such an extreme state that when his great-nephew A.J. Soprano (Robert Iler) visits him with the intention of killing him as revenge, Junior thinks A.J. is Tony and greets him with excitement. A.J.'s plan is botched when he inadvertently drops the knife on the floor. Tony pulls some strings with former Assemblyman, now State Senator, Ronald Zellman (Peter Riegert) to get A.J. released without charges being filed.

In the Wyckoff therapeutic center, Junior begins to put his old life back together. He still collects weekly payments from his organizations and is occasionally visited by Pat Blundetto and Beppy Scerbo. Within the confines of the mental home, Junior behaves like a typical Mafia chieftain; bribing orderlies, organizing card games, and even physically abusing a rival. A young patient named Carter Chong looks up to Junior as a mentor and father figure and admires his aggressive, imposing, and rebellious nature.

After Junior loses control of his bladder, the center's administrators conclude that he is not taking his medications. Junior is confronted with the choice of either taking the medication or being moved to a less pleasant facility. Junior agrees to take the medication and begins to become more docile. He is badly beaten by his anger-prone protégé, who doesn't want to lose Junior as a mentor. In the final scene of "Remember When" Junior sits passively, black and blue, with broken glasses from his beating, silently sitting and petting a cat sitting on his lap.

In the episode "The Blue Comet", Janice (Aida Turturro) approaches Tony and tells him that Junior has run out of money, and will be removed from the Wyckoff therapeutic center. She implores Tony to help him out. Tony shows no sympathy for Junior and offers no support, telling Janice that she and Bobby are cut out of his life too, although it is just an empty threat. In the final episode, "Made in America", Junior is moved to a state facility. When Janice goes to visit him, Junior thinks she is her mother, Livia, and thinks that a picture of Janice's daughter is Janice herself.

She tries to tell him that Bobby has been murdered, but Junior does not comprehend, thinking she means Bobby Kennedy. Tony later visits a now sick and wheelchair-bound Junior for the first time since the shooting. Junior recognizes him as someone he used to play catch with, remembering playing with Tony 40 years earlier. Tony tries to remind Junior of who he was, and even who his brother was, but Junior cannot remember.

Tony tells him that he and his father used to run North Jersey, to which Junior simply smiles and replies, "Well, that's nice". Tony finally realizes Junior is in an advanced stage of dementia and is saddened and frustrated that Junior is lost for good. Tony simply looks at Junior and then tearfully leaves his uncle for the last time without saying another word.

title: Junior Soprano