text:
Talk:Nose

Evolutionary significance
What is the evolutionary rationale behind humans' pronounced noses as compared to say chimps and gorillas? Lupin 08:40, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

The human nose picture
Is that really the best we can do? With so many contributors, most of whom have noses, many of whom have cameras, and all of whom have access to the internet where there is probably some license-free image, that is the best? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sg227 (talk • contribs) 19:34, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It looks like there is no longer an image of a human nose. Prophylax (talk) 14:17, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Reference Desk
From the Reference desk:

What is the evolutionary rationale behind humans' pronounced noses as compared to say chimps and gorillas? Lupin 12:08, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Aboriginal H.sapiens live in a far more diverse range of climates than do other great apes. Humans native to arid, dusty places have  (very approximately) longer nasal passages, which helps to humidify the inhaled air (and secondarily, longer nasal passages afford more room for more nasal hairs, which helps block sand and dust). -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 13:58, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks! That convinced me... should this be added to nose? That's where I went looking for it originally. Lupin 17:56, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * It should only be added if it can be attributed to a source, and qualified with language that properly represents the acceptance of that source among evolutionary theorists. Humans are also unique in their ability to selectively close their nasal passage or their oral passage from the throat, which provided the capacity for speech. The evolution of more pronounced nasal protrusions also correlates with development of hard right angles in the oral passage and in the neural structure of hominids. Further, the greater nasal passage found in hominids facilitates cooling of air, which is distinct from the cleaning functions of nasal passages. What's more, there need not be a distinct survival advantage - the shape of human noses could have resulted from purely subjective preferential selection in breeding. One must be careful in making authoritative statements about the advantages of long noses not to offend those hominids who born of geneologies with less pronounced noses. The elongated nose, as interpreted by oriental macrobiotic physiogomy may be related to eating foods rich in both proteins and in precursors of dopamine, both of which are associated with aggressive behavior. The jury is still out on the question of whether aggression offers an evolutionary advantage or hastens the extinction of a species. ~.~ (anon)

The bit about the "nasal compass" looks very suspect to me. If whoever wrote this can't provide a source (a scientific paper demonstrating that the nose compass exists) I think it should be deleted. (1) The whole human body, not just the nose, contains iron (in compounds, not as metallic iron) (2) iron only functions as a compass when magnetized (3) human beings are actually not good at orienting themselves and in a featureless landscape eg a desert will tend to go round in circles, which they would not do if they possessed a built in compass (4) other species tend to use (as far as we can tell) stars, the sun, and features in the landscape for navigation, not magnetic north (5) the magnetic poles wander over time, and the earth's magnetic field reverses from time to time. Exile 10:21, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Last I heard, "human magnetoception" was very controversial. I think the claim stems from 1992 or so, when the pigeon magnetic field sensor was found to be a tiny skull region full of bio-magnetite and full of nerves.  Researchers looked for a human equivalent and found it in a nasal bone.  Whether it's functional was not known at the time.  Given that emotions run high among scientists about this topic (it has been regarded as on part with bigfoot and UFO research,) the controversy will probably obscure any results either way for years to come.  Also note: only crystalline iron compounds are magnetic (meaning ferromagnetic like iron metal.)  Single iron atoms in molecules are weakly paramagnetic ...but then so is dissolved oxygen. --Wjbeaty 21:44, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

The reason for the shape of the nose comes both, as Finlay said, from arid climates of Aboriginal humans, and also from high altitude climates. Modern Humans developed in East Africa where both of these climates were present; long noses were therefore selected for.

ዮም (Yom)  Leave a message  01:52, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

There is some evidence for a "Nasal Compass" in mammals, particularly birds. Similar organs were found in human noses as well if I remember correctly. One big study was done out of caltech in the 90s I believe. I just googled "Magnetite-based magnetoreception" and found some stuff: http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/pdfs/COINS.pdf

The abstract of one paper, which doesn't refer

"Orientation, navigation, and homing are critical traits expressed by organisms ranging from bacteria through higher vertebrates. Sensory systems that aid such behavior have provided key selective advantages to these groups over the past 4 billion years, and are highly evolved; magnetoreception is no exception. Across many species and groups of organisms, compelling evidence exists that the physical basis of this response is tiny crystals of single-domain magnetite (Fe3O4). It is the opinion of the authors that all magnetic field sensitivity in living organisms, including elasmobranch fishes, is the result of a highly evolved, finely-tuned sensory system based on single-domain, ferromagnetic crystals." -David —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.150.10.240 (talk) 19:46, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

More common nose wanted
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fc/Neus1.jpg/180px-Neus1.jpg isn't a typical nose. A nose should slope downward from the face in a straighter line. -Barry- 01:23, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

What about hair on the nose?

''A more common nose is added, with neither hair, nor ugly non-straight lines. I let the other image stand, I'll let someone else decide on this. 17 June 2006''

 * I don't like the picture either. Can't someone add their nose without having nose hairs coming out of it.  I also suggest someone without a lot of wrinkles add their nose to the article.--Dark Tichondrias 21:49, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the nose is fine. --Lukobe 22:31, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The picture of your own nose that you added, DT--has it been modified? Looks kind of Photoshopped. --Lukobe 05:02, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Doesn't the nose look nice? We should all accept diversity in the United States.  Listen, I know there are different type of noses out there and I'm sure everyone is entitled to their own opinion to critique other peoples' noses, but the other nose was voted out by the consenses of other Wikipedians.  The other nose was described as being "ugly" because it had a crook, wrinkles and nose hair.  Now, everyone's noses do not fit other people's standard bar, but in my own opinion my nose is my nose and I am emotionally attached to my nose.  I am not going to chop off my nose to fit the hyped up, plastic standard.--Dark Tichondrias 18:12, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not sure how your response addresses my question. --Lukobe 18:15, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I feel very upset. I do not want to draw out further hurtful devaluations based on the subjective whims of the narrow standard that is being pushed on my nose, my personhood.  Could some other user add their nose to this article?  User:Lukobe has taken it upon her/himself to be the final decision, so we hope User:Lukobe will accept whichever nose is added.--Dark Tichondrias 18:51, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It's the PICTURE that's too cropped, not your nose. I challenge you to find anywhere where I've criticized your personal appearance. My point is that your picture doesn't show enough of the nose. The original picture shows the full nose and some of its surroundings.--Lukobe 19:28, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

There should be a few pictures to show the widely different shapes that human noses can take. — Omegatron 19:59, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I concur. Whats with two white, aqualine noses being the example of human noses? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.229.34.157 (talk) 19:35, 18 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Should there be a subsection on "human" nose? Prophylax (talk) 14:18, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

"Most people believe the nose leads to the brain, but scientists have proven that it leads to the hands and feet." This means they channel into that direction right? Not that they actually direct to the hands and feet. Please clarify, because it should be moving downwards toward the windpipe. 70.111.251.203 13:12, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The nose does lead to the brain though, for adding moisture to the air we breathe in as well as warming it up for our lungs. Ever wonder why it hurts to breathe in that really cold air during a jog? That's why it needs to be warmed up and moistened. Also what about Eygptians removing the brains of dead people through the nose? 71.250.34.13 13:48, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The superior extent of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is the skull base, through which the brain can be accessed. Prophylax (talk) 14:20, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks like this has been removed. Prophylax (talk) 14:18, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Nasology
I have removed the following section from the article because Talking Heads - Phrenology at the Countway Library of Medicine describes Nasology as "an extended joke at the expense of phrenology":

==Shapes of the human nose== Human noses can take many different shapes according to the individual. An attempt to make a classification of noses was made in Eden Warwick's Nasology, where the following classes are presented, associating them with character traits in a way akin to phrenology, this
 * Class I: The Roman, or Aquiline nose, which is rather convex, but undulating as its name aquiline imports.
 * Class II: The Greek or Straight nose, which is perfectly straight
 * Class III: The African, or Wide-nostrilled nose, wide at the end, thick and broad, gradually widening from below the bridge. The other noses are seen in profile, but this one in full face.
 * Class IV: The Jewish or Hawk nose, which is very convex, and preserves its convexity like a bow. It is thin and sharp
 * Class V: The Snub nose
 * Class VI: The Turn-up or Celestial nose, with a continuous concavity from the eyes to the tip

--  Donald Albury ( Talk )  12:37, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd keep this paragraph: the classification in se is correct, the figures are nice, but it is the interpretation that was intended to mock phrenology. I'll add however some extended comment to explain it. LHOON 12:51, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Be careful of Class IV. Calling that caricature of a nose Jewish smacks of anti-Semitism. I am against using any part of this, as the classification scheme itself was part of the joke. I think the whole thing is in very poor taste, and does not belong in the Nose article. It might be appropriate in Phrenology as an example of the reaction to Phrenology, but I do not think it belongs here. --  Donald Albury ( Talk )  14:01, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems interesting to me to keep a paragraph about human nose morphology. Rather than engaging in an edit and revert war about this however, let's get some other people's opinion about this issue, maybe there are other proposals too, that's what a talk page is for! LHOON 14:10, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I suggest removing it because these arbitrary distinctions in nose shape are obscure. They are also named after racial groups which is not objective.  An objective approach would be to name them by shape, but even then there are more shapes than listed on the drawing gallery.--Dark Tichondrias 21:45, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Calling that caricature of a nose Jewish smacks of anti-Semitism. Don't be ridiculous. And this is why you prefer that the public remain uninformed about the different types of noses? --72.94.206.35 03:07, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Calling that shape of nose Jewish is indeed a common tactic of anti-semites. I also question the reality of the so-called nose types. Noses vary in many ways, and trying to assign them to types is subjective and not useful, especially when some of the types are called Roman, Greek, African and Jewish. -- Donald Albury 23:33, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Obviously, this is a sensitive to subject to many people, but rather than erasing the classifications, I propose that we include them in a historical and social context. The article needs discussion of the fact that in the past, anthropologists (and popular imagination) have assigned intellectual characteristics to physical features (essentially, races).  Anti-Semitism and racism take this further to imputing "moral" characteristics to physical features.  This would be a perfect place for a mention of the use of the disputed "Jewish nose" for propaganda purposes, for example in Nazi Germany.  As to whether "nasology" (or whatever the classification of noses is called) is a joke: as late as 1949 a Yiddish textbook, Uriel Weinreich's College Yiddish, took nasal types seriously enough to include an informal survey listing the various types of noses that Jewish people possessed in a particular city, showing that they do not fall categorically under the "Jewish" type.  Perhaps in this article we should take out the ethnic description of the noses, as Donald Albury suggested, and list the types by their shape only, though some discussion of ethnicity in historical or social context should be included somewhere. Travis P. Johnson 05:15, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

 * A well-sourced discussion of the use and mis-use of nose shapes to classify and pre-judge people would be good. The point I was making is that the cited source for 'Nasology' was apparantly intended to mock Phrenology, and was not intented to be taken seriously. -- Donald Albury 02:02, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * "A well-sourced discussion of the use and mis-use of nose shapes to classify and pre-judge people" does not belong on an article on the nose, IMHO. I personally think it would belong better in an article about invalid stereotypes. --Kjoonlee 02:43, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, it didn't look like it was particularly well-sourced, and neither was it a neat discussion. If info on nose morphology would be nice, something else would definitely be better. --Kjoonlee 02:54, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * One other thing: my nose doesn't fit with any of those types... --61.72.41.169 02:04, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll look to some other historical sources and try to find suitable figures. However, any connection between nose shape and personality traits should be considered - at the very least - controversial and should be treated with reserve. LHOON 08:12, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Would it be worth having a separate article on human noses? Prophylax (talk) 14:31, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Carlton Coon
I reverted the section added about Carlton Coon's observations. There were a few problems. The edit referred to Carlton Coon as a 19th Century physical anthopologist. Coon was born in 1904. The observations attributed to Coon were not supported by the web page cited. The paragraph, even though short, seemed to be rambling and juxtaposed discontinuous topics. I would also note that Coon's observations on noses are given in support of his theories on races, and need to be handled carefully to maintain NPOV. --  Donald Albury ( Talk )  09:39, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Although all Coon's stated observations were supported by the citation, the discussion on nose aging was unrelated to his racial theories. Would you object to keeping Coon's observation of aging?--Dark Tichondrias 01:30, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you refering to the book? I don't see support of the statements attributed to Coon on the web cite. I haven't read The Races of Europe, and it's been about 40 years since I read The Origin of Races, so I can't speak to specifics of what he said in the books. If the material is taken from his book, but not the web cite, then separate the citations. I was under the impression, though, that the web cite was displaying the contents of the Races of Europe.
 * A section on the effects of aging on the nose would be a nice addition to the article, although I think we would need other sources in addition to Coon. --  Donald Albury ( Talk )  02:59, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I misread the quote. He said that Middle Easterners have slopping noses and their noses are pointed at the tip, especially in old age.  He also said Middle Easterners have continuously growing noses. I do not know if he considered other populations to age like the Middle Easterners.--Dark Tichondrias 08:03, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I just conducted a little web search on aging of noses. I did find one decent reference that states that increased nose size with age is a myth, but loss of elasticity causes the tip of the nose to droop. There are a number of other nose issues caused by aging, so a section on aging still seems appropriate for the article. --  Donald Albury ( Talk )  11:01, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Nose never stops growing?
I had heard somewhere that the nose and ears never stop growing throughout life. I was wondering if there was any truth to this, since I have googled and have found no conclusive answer. Anyone know any references to prove/disprove? --72.202.129.98 17:35, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Normally the nose stops growing at some point in life. Prophylax (talk) 14:32, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Severus Snape
I removed Severus Snape from the famous nose list - put back with a citation Uncle uncle uncle 00:32, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Oprah?
Uh, I'm not like a 'nose' expert or anything, but I don't know if this article should be all about Oprah.

Everyone would be better off without a nose, I say. Especially Oprah. 71.120.108.110 (talk) 05:58, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

This seems fishy.
''In most fish, the nose is the primary large organ for smelling. As the animal sniffs, the air flows through the nose and over structures called turbinates in the nasal cavity.'' I'm guessing that these two sentences should be in separate paragraphs, otherwise it sounds like the fish is smelling air. Am I wrong? Parables (talk) 19:24, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I am mistaken, but fish don't have noses... do they? Perhaps 'fish' should be replaced with 'mammals'? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.41.41.206 (talk) 11:43, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks like this has been resolved. Prophylax (talk) 14:38, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Fish have a *very* strong sense of smell. It's how certain types of fish navigate back to the rivers where they hatched. Each river has its own particular "smell", in reality, various concentrations of different chemical compounds. Humans perceive this as different odors. Who knows how fish perceive it. Anakin-Marc "DJ AniZ" Zaeger (talk) 02:53, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The last remark seems a bit odd because the smell sense is all along the vertebrate lines. In fact we can only smell what dissolves in the water and diffuses to reach the olfactory tissues receptors. As the receptors and brain structures are about the same there is basically no difference in smell perception among vertebrates.Viridiflavus (talk) 10:23, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

has become...
A sentence is missing its end, anyone have any ideas? I've fixed the fishy issue above as well as a few grammar errors. I've also moved the tapir picture. Mystery Correction (talk) 12:43, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Looks like this is resolved. Prophylax (talk) 14:37, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Smeller (technology) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:04, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Add active voice to the Nose page and...Wikipedia
Add active voice: Eliminate the word is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.63.175.63 (talk) 15:57, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nose


text:
Talk:February 26

Purim
Purim is a moveable feast and falls on March 7-8, 2004, according to http://www.haverim.org/Jewish%20Pages/purim%202004.htm -- not Feb 26. Moveable feasts oughtn't to be placed on the calendar.

Leeson
This page gives Nick Leeson's birthday as 26 February, while his biography page says it is the 25th. So which is it? 81.156.166.35 12:25, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, thanks for your message. I can't see anywhere on this page where it states Nick Leeson was born Februrary 26.  The only mention of him on this page is in an event in which he was involved.  His Wikipedia article gives February 25 as his birthday, as does his official website.  So based on those sources, I'd say he was born on the 25th, but there's no mention of him here that seems to need correcting.  Fabricationary 17:16, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

Why is the estimated population at 6.5 billion an event?
We need a new section called Trivial. This is not a historical event. At best it is an estimate and then it is still trivial. Unfortunately this is occurring over and over in these "On this Date" and making this into nonsence.

Also, the birth and death sections are growing and growing putting anyone's name there. People of Wikipedia need to use some common sense before this section becomes useless. Some days nothing significant happens. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.91.171.36 (talk) 18:34, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * We don't need a trivia section; we need people to follow WP:NGS for determining notability on the WP:DAYS pages.

 * I agree with you that the estimated population is not notable enough to include. I'll remove it.

 * As for the births and deaths you are correct, these section are getting out of hand. They do need to be trimmed down.  WP:NGS should govern who is added to these sections but we need to have more discussion to determine what constitutes a notable birth or death.  Grouf(talk • contribs) 19:14, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Dick Fletcher death
This should not be here. This is a local meteorologist celebrity of St. Petersburgh, Florida. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.31.106.35 (talk) 21:13, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:February 26


text:
Trace Adkins

Tracy Darrell Adkins (born January 13, 1962) is an American country music singer and actor. Adkins made his debut in 1996 with the album Dreamin' Out Loud, released on Capitol Records Nashville. Since then, he has released ten more studio albums and two Greatest Hits compilations. In addition, Adkins has charted more than 20 singles on the Billboard country music charts, including the Number One hits "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing", "Ladies Love Country Boys", and "You're Gonna Miss This", which peaked in 1997, 2007, and 2008, respectively.

"I Left Something Turned on at Home" went to No. 1 on Canada's country chart. At least six of his studio albums have received gold or platinum certification in the United States; his highest-selling to date is 2005's Songs About Me, which has been certified 2× Multi-Platinum for shipping two million copies. Adkins is widely known for his distinctive bass-baritone singing and speaking voice.

He has also made several appearances on television, including as a panelist on the game shows Hollywood Squares and Pyramid, as a 2008 finalist and as the 2013 winner on The All Star Celebrity Apprentice, as the voice for recurring character Elvin on King of the Hill, and the main role of Albie Roman on Monarch, as well as in television commercial voice-overs for KFC and Firestone.

Also, Adkins has written an autobiography titled A Personal Stand: Observations and Opinions from a Free-Thinking Roughneck, which was released in late 2007. He has appeared in numerous films, including The Lincoln Lawyer, Moms' Night Out, and I Can Only Imagine.

Early life and education
Adkins was born in Sarepta, Louisiana, the son of Peggy Carraway and Aaron Doyle Adkins. His maternal uncle was the Christian musician James W. Carraway (1923–2008). His musical interest came at an early age when he was ten and his father bought him a guitar and hired someone to give him lessons.

At Sarepta High School, since defunct, Adkins joined a gospel music group called the New Commitments. He was also a member of the FFA. Later, Adkins attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston. A walk-on offensive lineman on their football team, Adkins left the team after his freshman season due to a knee injury, without ever playing in a game. Adkins never graduated. After leaving college, he worked on an oil rig. He also played music in a band called Bayou. Adkins also worked as a pharmacy technician before pursuing a career in music. He lost the pinky finger on his left hand in an accident using a knife to open a bucket, and asked doctors to reattach the finger at an angle so that he could continue to play guitar. Adkins moved to play in honky-tonk bars for the next few years in the Ark-La-Tex area and eventually moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1992. In late-1994, Adkins met Rhonda Forlaw, who was an executive at Arista Records Nashville. Forlaw had numerous music industry friends come out to hear Adkins over the next few years. Scott Hendricks of Capitol Nashville signed him "on the spot" one night while Adkins was playing at Tillie and Lucy's bar in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee.

Early career
Adkins' first single, which he wrote himself, "There's a Girl in Texas", was released in 1996, reaching the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. It was followed by the release of his debut album, Dreamin' Out Loud, later that year. The album produced several hit singles, including his first Top 5 single, "Every Light in the House", his first Number One in "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing", and another Top 5 hit in "I Left Something Turned on at Home". The latter single was also a Number One hit in Canada. His second album, Big Time, produced a Top 5 in "The Rest of Mine", but subsequent singles proved less successful. Adkins was named "Top New Male Artist" by the Academy of Country Music in 1997. In 1998, Adkins appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits (season 23). A change in management delayed the release of Adkins' third album, but the album (titled More...) was eventually released in late 1999. Although the album's title track reached Top 10, More... failed to achieve gold status. Adkins' daughter, Mackenzie, was featured in the "More" video.

2001–2004
In 2001, Adkins was injured in a tractor accident and had to cancel touring temporarily. Shortly after the release of his Chrome album, he entered a 28-day alcohol rehabilitation program in Nashville. Chrome was his first album to reach the Top 5 on the country albums charts; its title track reached Top 10 in late 2002.

In 2003, Adkins released two albums—a Greatest Hits collection and Comin' on Strong. The same year, he was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry. He also made appearances as the center square on the game show Hollywood Squares, and did voice-overs in commercials for fast-food chain KFC. Only one single, "Then They Do", was released from this Greatest Hits compilation. This album, which succeeded the Greatest Hits collection, produced two singles: the Top 5 single "Hot Mama" and "Rough & Ready", which peaked at No. 13.

Adkins and Travis Tritt played the roles of prison convicts in a February 2004 episode of the television series Yes, Dear (Greg & Jimmy's Criminals).

2005–2007
In March 2005, Adkins released his album entitled Songs About Me. The title track was released as its first single in December 2004. The album's second single, "Arlington", generated controversy over its content (a first-person account of a fictional soldier who was about to be buried in Arlington National Cemetery). It was followed by "Honky Tonk Badonkadonk", which became a crossover hit, bringing Adkins into the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 for the first time.

2006 saw the release of Adkins' seventh studio album, Dangerous Man. "Swing", the album's lead-off single, peaked at No. 20, while the follow-up "Ladies Love Country Boys" became Adkins' second Number One single on the country charts and his first since "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing" in 1997. Adkins' daughter, Brianna, was featured in the "Ladies Love Country Boys" video. The album's final release, "I Wanna Feel Something", proved unsuccessful on the charts; as a result, Adkins announced that he would stop supporting the single.

In August 2007, Adkins released a single entitled "I Got My Game On". Originally, the song was planned to be the lead-off to a new album, tentatively titled Game On; however, Adkins decided not to release a full album, and instead released his second Greatest Hits compilation, American Man: Greatest Hits Volume II, for which "I Got My Game On" served as the lead-off single. The album has also produced Adkins' fastest-climbing single to date in its second single, "You're Gonna Miss This". "You're Gonna Miss This" has also become his third Number One hit on the Hot Country Songs, as well as the most successful single to date on the Billboard Hot 100 (#12), Billboard Pop 100 (#19), and Hot Digital Songs charts (#8).

Adkins released his first book, entitled A Personal Stand: Observations and Opinions from a Free-Thinking Roughneck.

2008–2009
In 2008, Adkins released the single "Muddy Water," the lead single from X, which was released on November 25. The video for "Muddy Water" has an appearance by fellow Celebrity Apprentice competitor Stephen Baldwin as a man being baptized in a muddy river, and later approaching Adkins as a friend. It reached the Top 30 on the country charts, peaking at number 22. "Marry for Money" and "All I Ask For Anymore" were released as the album's second and third singles, and both peaked at No. 14 on the country charts.

In November 2008, Adkins made an appearance at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. He rode with his family on the "Jimmy Dean" float and performed his famous song "You're Gonna Miss This". In 2009, Adkins appeared in local Kansas City commercials to advertise season tickets and the 50th season of the National Football League's Kansas City Chiefs.

Adkins recorded a duet with country legend Ronnie Milsap called "My First Ride" to benefit fire-fighters and police officers in the U.S. and Canada. Then, after the song's release, the label said 'no' to radio stations playing it with no explanation given. Milsap led a protest at Capitol Records to "Free Trace" and allow the song to be played.

In November 2009, Adkins embarked on the Shine All Night Tour, a co-headline venture with fellow country artist Martina McBride. Also, in 2009, he recorded a duet with Blake Shelton titled "Hillbilly Bone", which was released as the lead-off single from Shelton's upcoming sixth album. On October 18, 2009, Adkins made an appearance on Extreme Makeover: Home Edition to help Ty Pennington and his design team build a new home for the Marshall family.

2010–2014: Move to Show Dog-Universal Music
In January 2010, Adkins parted ways with his long-time record label, Capitol Nashville, and subsequently signed with Show Dog-Universal Music.

Adkins' first single with the label, "This Ain't No Love Song", was released on May 17, 2010, and served as the lead-off single to his ninth studio album, Cowboy's Back In Town. It debuted at No. 54 on the chart for the week of May 29, 2010. The album's second single "Brown Chicken, Brown Cow" released to country radio on January 10, 2011.

Two men in a small Dodge pickup truck lost their lives after crashing into one of Trace Adkins' tour buses on February 13, 2010. The truck was believed to have crossed the "no passing" line in the center of the road which resulted in the crash. Several members of Adkins' band were aboard the bus but were not seriously injured. Adkins himself was not on board the bus at the time. On October 10, 2010, Adkins sang the national anthem at Dallas Cowboys Stadium.

On December 18, 2010, Adkins performed at WWE's annual extravaganza Tribute To The Troops to amazing reception by the soldiers in attendance. He appeared once again in an episode of SmackDown live from Nashville, Tennessee, on May 13, 2011, as the special member of the WWE audience.

In March 2011, Adkins released "Just Fishin" which featured his youngest daughter, Trinity, in the video, which was shot at their farm. The song reached #6 on Billboard. On June 4, 2011, at approximately 3:35 pm, Adkins' home in Brentwood, Tennessee, burned down. On October 20, 2011, Adkins sang the National Anthem at game 2 of the 2011 World Series in St. Louis.

In April 2011, Adkins revealed that he had a crush on the Baylor Lady Bears' head coach, Kim Mulkey, while the two were in college at Louisiana Tech, then dedicated his performance of "One in a Million You" to her.

Mulkey's sister arranged a phone call in December 2011 between the singer and coach, during which Kim Mulkey invited him to sing at Baylor's home game against Connecticut; Adkins, unable to attend, arranged to perform the National Anthem at the Lady Bears' February 2012 home game against the Texas A&M Aggies.

In March 2012, Adkins visited the Lady Bears while on tour in Kansas City to encourage them before their NCAA Championships semi-final match; the team attended one of his concerts later that week.

In February 2012, Adkins appeared as a guest vocalist on Meat Loaf's album Hell in a Handbasket.

Adkins performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the West Virginia Mountaineers' home football game against the Baylor Bears on September 29, 2012; his was just the third live performance of the national anthem in the 32-year history of Mountaineer Field.

Adkins released a new album, Love Will..., on May 14, 2013. The album's first single, "Watch the World End", was released to country radio on May 13, 2013. In September 2013, it was announced that he was no longer on the Showdog roster according to the official website.

Adkins released his first Christmas album, The King's Gift, on October 29, 2013.

2015–present: Move to Wheelhouse Records
On April 6, 2015, it was announced that Adkins had signed with Broken Bow Records, under the Wheelhouse imprint. In August 2015, Broken Bow announced that Adkins was one of the first artists signed to the label's new imprint, Wheelhouse Records. His first single for the label was "Jesus and Jones", which was released to country radio on January 18, 2016, and peaked at number 41 on the Country Airplay chart. "Lit" was released to country radio on July 25, 2016, though it failed to chart. Both singles are on the album Something's Going On, which was released on March 31, 2017, via Wheelhouse Records, and its title track became a video.

On July 4, 2016, Adkins made a surprise appearance at his hometown Independence Day celebration in Sarepta, Louisiana. He joined on stage the Backbeat Boogie Band with several unrehearsed songs.

In 2019, Adkins appeared on Hardy's new album, Hixtape Volume 1. On the album, he appears on the song "Redneck Tendencies" with Joe Diffie. also in 2019, Adkins later reunited with Blake Shelton in Hell Right in Shelton's completion album Fully Loaded: God's Country

Spokesperson
In 2012, Adkins signed a deal with truck stop chain Pilot Flying J to become the company's new spokesman. Adkins also lent his signature voice to Firestone as part of the "Drive a Firestone" campaign to revitalize the brand in 2012.

Television career
Adkins was a January–March 2008 contestant on NBC's The Celebrity Apprentice. Each celebrity contestant was playing for donations to their selected charity. Adkins played for the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network. Adkins chose the charity because his daughter suffers from life-threatening reactions to peanuts, milk, and eggs. Ultimately, he was the runner-up of that season, losing to Piers Morgan.

Adkins returned for the All-Stars version of The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. He was the project manager for his team, Plan B, in the first task, which was to sell meatballs and won $670,072, a Celebrity Apprentice record for a first task, for his charity The American Red Cross. Together with Vegas illusionist Penn Jillette, Adkins made it to the finals again (becoming the first and only person in the history of the show to do so), where Adkins won and became The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. He also broke the record for the highest amount of money raised for his charity by any one person in the history of the show, with $1,524,072 raised for the American Red Cross.

In 2019, Adkins became the host of a new series on INSP, Ultimate Cowboy Showdown. The series has run for three seasons.

Personal life
Adkins has two daughters, Tarah and Sarah, with his first wife, Barbara Lewis, and three daughters with his third wife, the former Rhonda Forlaw: Mackenzie, Brianna, and Trinity. Adkins endorsed Mitt Romney and performed at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida. He performed the National Anthem at Tennessee governor Bill Haslam's second inauguration in 2015 and a year later during candidate Donald Trump's nomination at the 2016 Republican National Convention.

At age 17, Adkins was in an automobile accident in which his 1955 Chevrolet pickup truck hit a school bus head-on. He broke some ribs, punctured both lungs and his nose was partially torn off. Adkins was forced to give up college football after a severe knee injury at Louisiana Tech. He has also experienced a number of serious injuries as an adult, including being shot by his second ex-wife Julie Curtis in 1994. The bullet went through his heart and both lungs. He survived and chose not to press charges. They got divorced after 3 years. In 1989, Adkins, along with nine coworkers, were stranded on an offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico during Hurricane Chantal.

In 2001, Adkins entered a 28-day alcohol rehabilitation facility. After relapsing in early 2014, Adkins checked into rehabilitation for alcoholism after getting into an altercation on a cruise ship. In March 2014, Rhonda filed for divorce citing irreconcilable differences. Rhonda and Trace then dismissed  and expunged the divorce petition via T.C.A. Section 36-4-127 (Expunction of Divorce Records upon Reconciliation of Parties) due to an attempted reconciliation. Less than a month later, Trace filed for divorce. Since this time, the matter has been pending, with the parties awaiting finalization of their divorce. In August 24, 2023, the Tennessee Court of Appeals finalized said divorce. The case has now been remanded to the lower court.

On October 12, 2019, Adkins married Canadian actress Victoria Pratt in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Studio albums

 * 1996: Dreamin' Out Loud
 * 1997: Big Time
 * 1999: More...
 * 2001: Chrome
 * 2003: Comin' On Strong
 * 2005: Songs About Me
 * 2006: Dangerous Man
 * 2008: X
 * 2010: Cowboy's Back in Town
 * 2011: Proud to Be Here
 * 2013: Love Will...
 * 2017: Something's Going On
 * 2021: The Way I Wanna Go

Compilation albums

 * 2003: Greatest Hits Collection, Vol. 1
 * 2007: American Man: Greatest Hits Volume II
 * 2010: The Definitive Greatest Hits: 'Til the Last Shot's Fired
 * 2012: 10 Great Songs
 * 2013: Icon
 * 2014: 10 Great Songs: 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection

Billboard number-one hits

 * "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing" (1 week, 1997)
 * "Ladies Love Country Boys" (2 weeks, 2006-2007)
 * "You're Gonna Miss This" (3 weeks, 2007-2008)
 * "Hillbilly Bone" Featuring Blake Shelton (1 week, 2009-2010)

title: Trace Adkins


text:
Boyle Lectures

The Boyle Lectures are named after Robert Boyle, a prominent natural philosopher of the 17th century and son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork. Under the terms of his Will, Robert Boyle endowed a series of lectures or sermons (originally eight each year) which were to consider the relationship between Christianity and the new natural philosophy (today's 'science') then emerging in European society. Since 2004, this prestigious Lectures series has been organized, with the assistance of Board of the Boyle Lectures, by the International Society for Science and Religion (ISSR) and has been held at one of its original locations, the Wren church of St Mary-le-Bow on Cheapside in the City of London.

Early lectures
The first such lecture was given in 1692 by Richard Bentley, to whom Isaac Newton had written: "Sir, When I wrote my Treatise about our System, I had an Eye upon such Principles as might work with considering Men, for the Belief of a Deity; nothing can rejoice me more than to find it useful for that Purpose."

The early lecturers were specifically charged to prove the truth of the Christian religion against Jews, Muslims and non-believers, without considering any controversies or differences that might exist between different Christian groups.

"'To preach eight sermons in the year, for proving the Christian religion against notorious infidels, viz. Atheists, Deists, Pagans, Jews, Mahometans, not descending to any controversies that are among Christians themselves.'"

A clergyman was to be appointed to the lectureship for a term of no more than three years by Thomas Tenison (later Archbishop of Canterbury) and three other nominated trustees. Boyle had assigned the rent from his house in Crooked Lane to support the lectures but the income from that source soon disappeared. Archbishop Tenison then arranged that the rental income from a farm in the parish of Brill in Buckinghamshire was to be paid at the rate of £12.10.00 per quarter to the lecturer.

Revival
The Boyle Lectures were revived in 2004 at the famous Wren church of St Mary-le-Bow in the City of London by Dr Michael Byrne, a Fellow of Birkbeck College London. Financial support for the lectures has been provided by a number of patrons, principally the Worshipful Company of Grocers and the Worshipful Company of Mercers in the city. A book to mark the 10th anniversary of the revived series was edited by Russell Re Manning and Michael Byrne and published by SCM Press in 2013 as 'Science and Religion in the Twenty-First Century: The Boyle Lectures 2004-2013'.

Having convened the first 15 lectures in the new series, Michael Byrne stepped down as Convenor in 2018. Management of the lecture then passed to the International Society for Science and Religion (ISSR) in cooperation with the Boyle Lectures Board of Trustees. Members of the board include John Boyle, 15th Earl of Cork; the Hon. Robert Boyle; Julian Tregoning, Past Master of the Grocers' Company; Xenia Dennan, Past Master of the Mercers Company; the Revd George R. Bush, Rector of St Mary-le-Bow; Emeritus Professor John Hedley Brooke; Dr Russell Re Manning; Professor Fraser Watts; and the Revd Michael Reiss, former President of the ISSR.

Chronological list

 * 17th century
 * 1692 – A Confutation of Atheism, by Richard Bentley Separate first editions of lectures #2–8:

The eight lectures, from 1735 edition, reprinted

First full edition, in html
 * 1693-94 - A Demonstration of the Messias, in which the Truth of the Christian Religion is proved, especially against the Jews, by Richard Kidder
 * 1694 - [Title Unknown], by Richard Bentley
 * 1695 - The Possibility, Expediency and Necessity of Divine Revelation, by John Williams
 * 1696 - The Perfection of the Evangelical Revelation, by John Williams
 * 1697 - The Certainty of the Christian Revelation and the Necessity of believing it, established, by Francis Gastrell (Bishop of Chester)
 * 1698 - The Atheistical Objections against the Being of God and His Attributes fairly considered and fully refuted, by John Harris
 * 1699 - The Credibility of the Christian Revelation, from its intrinsick Evidence, by Samuel Bradford (Bishop of Rochester)
 * 1700 - The Sufficiency of a Standing Revelation, by Offspring Blackall

 * 18th century
 * 1701–02 - Truth and Excellency of the Christian Religion, by George Stanhope
 * 1703 - Adams
 * 1704 - A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, by Samuel Clarke
 * 1705 - The Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, by Samuel Clarke
 * 1706 - Arguments to Prove the Being of a God, by John Hancock
 * 1707 - The Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecies, by William Whiston
 * 1708 - The Wisdom of God in the Redemption of Man, as delivered in the Holy Scriptures, vindicated from the chief Objections of Modern Infidels, by John Turner
 * 1709 - Religion no Matter of Shame, by Lilly Butler
 * 1710 - The Divine Original and Excellence of the Christian Religion, by Josiah Woodward
 * 1711–12 - Physico-Theology, or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God from his Works of Creation, by William Derham
 * 1713–14 - On the Exercise of Private Judgment, or Free-Thinking, by Benjamin Ibbot
 * 1717–18 - Natural Obligations to Believe the Principles of Religion and Divine Revelation, by John Leng
 * 1719 - An Enquiry into the Cause and Origin of Evil, by John Clarke
 * 1720 - On the Origin of Evil, by John Clarke
 * 1721 - The pretended Difficulties in Natural or Revealed Religion, no Excuse for Infidelity, by Robert Gurdon
 * 1724–25 - A Demonstration of True Religion, in a Chain of Consequences from certain and undeniable Principles, by Thomas Burnett
 * 1725–28 - John Denne
 * 1730–32 - The Gradual Revelation of the Gospel from the time of Man's Apostacy, by William Berriman
 * 1736–38 - The History of the Acts of the Holy Apostles, confirmed from other Authors, and considered as full Evidence for the Truth of Christianity, by Richard Biscoe
 * 1739–41 - Leonard Twells
 * 1747–49 - Christianity justified upon the Scripture Foundation; being a Summery View of the Controversy between Christians and Deists, by Henry Stebbing
 * 1750–52 - John Jortin
 * 1756–58 - Thomas Newton
 * 1759–62 - Charles Moss
 * 1763 - A Discourse upon the Being of God against Atheists, by Ralph Heathcote
 * 1766–68 - The Evidence of Christianity deduced from Facts and the Testimony of Senses throughout all Ages of the Church to the present time, by William Worthington
 * 1769–71 - The Intent and Propriety of the Scripture Miracles considered and explained, by Henry Owen
 * 1778–80 - An Argument for the Christian Religion, drawn from a Comparison of Revelation with the Natural Operations of the Mind, by James Williamson

 * 19th century
 * 1802–05 - An Historical View of the Rise and Progress of Infidelity, with a Refutation of its Principles and Reasonings, by William Van Mildert
 * 1812 - William Van Mildert
 * 1814 - Frederick Nolan

 * 1821 - The Connection of Christianity with Human Happiness, by William Harness
 * 1845–46 - The Religions of the World; and Their Relations to Christianity Considered in Eight Lectures - Frederick Denison Maurice
 * 1854 - Christopher Wordsworth
 * 1857 - Eight discourses on the miracles, by William Gilson Humphry
 * 1861 - The Bible and its Critics: an Enquiry into the Objective Reality of Revealed Truths, by Edward Garbett
 * 1862 - The Conflict between Science and Infidelity, by Edward Garbett
 * 1863 - The Divine Plan of Revelation, by Edward Garbett
 * 1864 - The conversion of the Roman empire, by Charles Merivale
 * 1865 - The Conversion of the Northern Nations, by Charles Merivale
 * 1866–67 - Christ and Christendom, by Edward Hayes Plumptre
 * 1868 - The Witness of the Old Testament to Christ, by Stanley Leathes
 * 1869 - The Witness of St. Paul to Christ, by Stanley Leathes
 * 1870 - The Witness of St. John to Christ, by Stanley Leathes
 * 1871–72 - Moral Difficulties Connected with the Bible, by James Augustus Hessey
 * 1874–75 - Christianity and Morality Or the Correspondence of the Gospel with the Moral Nature of Man, by Henry Wace
 * 1876 - What is Natural Theology?, by Alfred Barry
 * 1877–78 - The Manifold Witness for Christ, by Alfred Barry
 * 1879–80 - The Evidential Value of the Holy Eucharist, by George Frederick Maclear
 * 1884 - The Scientific Obstacles to Christian Belief, by George Herbert Curteis
 * 1890 - Old Truths in Modern Lights (The Present Conflict of Science and Theology), by T. G. Bonney
 * 1891 - Christian Doctrines and Modern Thought, by T. G. Bonney
 * 1893 - Ascent of Faith or the Grounds of Certainty in Science and Religion, by Alexander James Harrison
 * 1895 - The Gospel of Experience Or the Witness of Human Life to the Truth of Revelation, by W. C. E. Newbolt
 * 1897 - William Benham

 * 20th century
 * 1903–05 - The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ Viewed in Some of its Aspects, by Richard John Knowling
 * 1935–36 - God, Creation and Revelation, by Allen John MacDonald
 * 1965 - The Christian Universe, by Eric Mascall

 * 21st century
 * 2004 - Darwin, Design, and the Promise of Nature, by John F. Haught, with a response by Richard Chartres
 * 2005 - Darwin's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation, by Simon Conway Morris, with a response by Keith Ward
 * 2006 - The Emergence of Spirit: From Complexity to Anthropology to Theology, by Philip Clayton, with a response by Niels Gregersen
 * 2007 - Cosmology of Ultimate Concern, by John D Barrow, with a response by Martin Rees
 * 2008 - Psychologising and Neurologising about Religion: Facts, Fallacies and the Future, by Malcolm Jeeves, with a response by Fraser Watts
 * 2009 - Misusing Darwin: The Materialist Conspiracy in Evolutionary Biology, by Keith Ward, with a response by John Polkinghorne
 * 2010 - The Legacy of Robert Boyle - Then and Now, by John Hedley Brooke, with a response by Geoffrey Cantor
 * 2011 - Is the World Unfinished? On Interactions between Science and Theology, by Jürgen Moltmann, with a response by Alan Torrance
 * 2012 - Christ and Evolution: A Drama of Wisdom, by Celia Deane-Drummond, with a response by Fount LeRon Shults
 * 2013 - Science and Religion in Dialogue, by John Polkinghorne, with a response by Richard Chartres
 * 2014 - New Atheism – New Apologetics: The Use of Science in Recent Christian Apologetic Writings, by Alister McGrath, with a response by Richard Harries
 * 2015 - Natural Theology Revisited (Again), by Russell Re Manning, with a response by Louise Hickman
 * 2016 - Natural Theology in a Changed Key? Evolution, Cooperation, and the God Question, by Sarah Coakley, with a response by Christopher Insole
 * 2017 - Theological Influences in Scientific Research Programmes: Natural Theology 'in Reverse', by Robert J. Russell, with a response by Rowan Williams
 * 2018 - Apocalypses Now: Modern Science and Biblical Miracles, by Mark Harris, with a response by John Hedley Brooke
 * 2019 - Science, Religion and Ethics, by Michael Reiss
 * 2020 - Mental Health and the Gospel, by Christopher Cook, with a response by Fraser Watts
 * 2021 - The Rediscovery of Contemplation Through Science, by Tom McLeish, with a response by Rowan Williams

 * 2022 - "God and a World of Natural Evil: Theology and Science in Hard Conversation" by Prof Christopher Southgate, with a response by Andrew Davidson.
 * 2023 - “Attending to Attention” by The Rt Revd and Rt Hon the Lord (Rowan) Williams of Oystermouth, with response from Dr John Teasdale
 * 2024 - “Is religion natural?” by The Very Revd Professor David Fergusson, OBE, FRSE, FBA, Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, Dean of the Chapel Royal in Scotland and Dean of the Order of the Thistle, with respone from Professor Fiona Ellis, Professor of Philosophy, and Director of the Centre for Practical Philosophy, Theology, and Religion at the University of Roehampton, London.

title: Boyle Lectures


text:
Marcia Ball

Marcia Ball (born March 20, 1949) is an American blues singer and pianist raised in Vinton, Louisiana.

Ball was described in USA Today as "a sensation, saucy singer and superb pianist... where Texas stomp-rock and Louisiana blues-swamp meet." The Boston Globe described her music as "an irresistible celebratory blend of rollicking, two-fisted New Orleans piano, Louisiana swamp rock and smoldering Texas blues from a contemporary storyteller."

Career
Ball was born in Orange, Texas, into a musical family. Her grandmother and aunt both played piano music of their time and Ball started piano lessons when she started school, and showed an early interest in New Orleans style piano playing, as exemplified by Fats Domino, Professor Longhair, and James Booker. She has named Irma Thomas, the New Orleans vocalist, as her chief vocal inspiration. Ball studied English at Louisiana State University in the 1960s while playing in a band called Gum. In 1970, at age 21, she started a progressive country band called Freda and the Firedogs in Austin, Texas, and began her solo career in 1974.

Ball's piano style includes elements of zydeco, swamp blues, Louisiana blues, and boogie woogie. She began her recording career as a solo artist with Rounder Records in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 2001, she joined the Chicago-based Alligator Records. Her Rounder album, Sing It!, which featured vocalists Irma Thomas and Tracy Nelson, released in January 1998 was nominated for a Grammy Award and a Blues Music Award for "Best Contemporary Blues Album." Ball received the 1998 Blues Music Award for "Contemporary Female Vocalist of the Year" and "Best Blues Instrumentalist-Keyboards."

She was awarded "Contemporary Blues Album of the Year" for her albums Presumed Innocent (2002) and So Many Rivers (2004). The same year she also won "Contemporary Blues Artist of the Year-Female." She won the "Best Blues Instrumentalist-Keyboards" again in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009. The BMA for Keyboards has since been renamed the Pinetop Perkins Piano Player Award and Ball has won it in 2012 and 2015. Her 2003 Alligator release, So Many Rivers, was nominated for a Grammy as were ''Live! Down The Road (2005) and Peace, Love & BBQ'' (2008). She was inducted into the Austin Music Hall of Fame in 2018.

Ball has continued to work with Irma Thomas. In 2006, the two contributed a duet ("Look Up") on the New Orleans Social Club release, Sing Me Back Home (Burgundy Records/Honey Darling Records). In 2007, the two contributed another duet ("I Can't Get New Orleans Off My Mind") to Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino (Vanguard Records). She continues to play at nightclubs, particularly in Austin and New Orleans, and performs at music festivals in North America and overseas.

In May 2015, Ball won the 'Pinetop Perkins Piano Player' award at the Blues Music Awards ceremony. She won the same award in 2019.

On October 25, 2018, Ball was inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame, where she first appeared during their inaugural season in 1976.

Solo or principal artist

 * 1972: Freda and the Firedogs
 * 1978: Circuit Queen (Capitol)
 * 1984: Soulful Dress (Rounder)
 * 1985: Hot Tamale Baby (Rounder)
 * 1989: Gatorhythms (Rounder)
 * 1990: Dreams Come True (Antone's) (with Lou Ann Barton and Angela Strehli)
 * 1994: Blue House (Rounder)
 * 1997: Let Me Play With Your Poodle (Rounder)
 * 1998: Sing It! (Rounder) (with Tracy Nelson and Irma Thomas)
 * 2001: Presumed Innocent (Alligator Records)
 * 2003: So Many Rivers (Alligator)
 * 2004: Live at Waterloo Records (Alligator)
 * 2005: Live! Down The Road (Alligator)
 * 2007: JazzFest Live (MunckMusic\Munck)
 * 2008: Peace, Love & BBQ (Alligator)
 * 2011: Roadside Attractions (Alligator)
 * 2014: The Tattooed Lady & The Alligator Man (Alligator)
 * 2018: Shine Bright (Alligator)

Other contributions

 * 2000 Don Wise: In the verge of survival, with Delbert McClinton
 * 2003: Patchwork: A Tribute to James Booker (STR Digital Records)
 * 2006: Sing Me Back Home New Orleans Social Club (Burgundy Records/Honey Darling Records) Duet with Irma Thomas, "Look Up".
 * 2007: Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino (Vanguard Records) Duet with Irma Thomas, "I Can't Get New Orleans Off My Mind".
 * 2009: Dave Alvin and the Guilty Women (Yep Roc Records) With Dave Alvin. Member of "The Guilty Women" band.

Filmography

 * 2003: The Blues, episode Piano Blues directed by Clint Eastwood
 * 2006: New Orleans Music in Exile

Festival appearances

 * San Francisco Blues Festival – 1984
 * Austin Aqua Fest – 1986
 * Long Beach Blues Festival – 1996
 * Rhythm And Roots Festival (Charlestown, Rhode Island) – 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017
 * Thursday at the Square – 2002
 * Monterey Jazz Festival – 2002
 * Austin City Limits Music Festival – 2004
 * National Folk Festival (USA) – 2005
 * Waterfront Blues Festival (Portland, Oregon) – 2007
 * New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival – 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2018
 * Arkansas Blues and Heritage Festival (Helena, Arkansas) – 2010
 * Crescent City Blues and BBQ Festival (New Orleans, Louisiana) – 2011
 * Chicago Blues Festival – 2013
 * Edmonton Blues Festival - 2018

title: Marcia Ball


text:
III Corps (Continuation War)

The III Corps (III Armeijakunta, III AK) was a corps of the Finnish Army during the Continuation War, where Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union. Formed from the peacetime V Corps and subordinated to the German Army High Command Norway, III Corps fought initially in northern Finland on the flank of the German XXXVI Corps, participating in the Finno-German Operation Arctic Fox. In February 1944, it was moved to the Karelian Isthmus just prior to the launch of the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive. Following the Moscow Armistice, III Corps took overall command of the Finnish forces participating in the Lapland War, the removal of German forces from northern Finland.

Mobilization and pre-war plans
While the exact details of the Finno-German planning preceding the Continuation War remain unclear, it is known that on 25 May 1941 Finnish officers participated in negotiations with the Germans in Salzburg regarding plans for a future war with the Soviet Union. According to the plans proposed by the Germans, the Finns would be in charge of operations in the southeast of Finland and east of Lake Ladoga, with overall command of both Finnish and German troops in the area falling under the Finnish commander-in-chief, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. In turn, the Finns would subordinate the peacetime V Corps to the headquarters of the German Army of Norway. During follow-up negotiations in Berlin on 26 May, the Finnish general Erik Heinrichs stated that the Army of Norway could expect a Finnish contribution of two divisions, but emphasized that the Finnish forces concentrated in the Salla region would be needed in the south as soon as possible. Forward elements of the German troops began arriving in Finland on 1 June, and further talks followed in Helsinki over the period 3 to 6 June. The participants agreed that the southern border of the Army of Norway's area of operations would be on the line Oulu–Oulujärvi–Lentiira–Belomorsk.

The Finnish mobilization began on 10 June 1941 under the pretext of "additional exercises" (ylimääräiset harjoitukset). The Military Districts of Perä-Pohjola and Pohjois-Pohjanmaa called up the 3rd and 6th Divisions, which concentrated in the area between Kajaani and Savukoski under the command of the peacetime V Corps. As arranged in the previous month's discussions, the corps, led by Major General Hjalmar Siilasvuo, was formally subordinated to the headquarters of the German Army of Norway on 15 June. On 18 June, the corps was re-designated as III Corps.

In Northern Finland, 1941–1944

Before the start of the hostilities, the 6th Division was transferred from the III Corps to the German XXXVI Corps. The German plans called for the III Corps, now consisting only of the 3rd Division, to cover the right (southern) flank of the Army of Norway. It was to advance first to the Ukhta–Kestenga line and this movement was to be followed by a continued advance to the Murmansk railroad and Kem. III Corps would be to the south of the German XXXVI Corps, with the unit areas of responsibility defined by the line Kuusamo–Oulanka–Chupa. III Corps thus secured the southern flank of Operation Silver Fox, targeting the capture of Murmansk. Siilasvuo divided the remaining forces of the III Corps into two formations. Group F, consisting of the main body of the 3rd Division, attacked east from Suomussalmi; its initial objective was Voknavolok, from where it was expected to continue towards Ukhta. Group J, formed around one regiment from the 3rd Division, attacked towards Sohjana, with a follow-on objective of Kestenga. III Corps was ordered to launch its attack on 1 July, at 02:30.

It soon become apparent that III Corps was the only corps-level unit of the Army of Norway making significant progress, and the corps was reinforced with parts of SS Division Nord on 21 July. On 30 July, Adolf Hitler approved a modification to the Germans plans: operations of the two German corps of the Army of Norway were largely halted, and German reinforcements were allocated to support the attack of the III Corps. The main objective of the III Corps was to be the Murmansk railroad in the area of Loukhi. By end of July, SS Division Nord had been subordinated to III Corps in totality. As Siilasvuo did not trust the German officers to lead Finnish forces following their failures in the Salla region, the bulk of the combat strength of SS Division Nord was subordinated to Group J, the Finnish force consisting of a single regiment while the staff of the Division was subordinated into the III Corps HQ. This resulted in tension between the various commanders, as the officers of SS Division Nord viewed the subordination as a humiliation.

By 2 August, Group F had reached the Soviet defensive lines north of Ukhta, but failed to take the town due to strong resistance by the Soviet 54th Division. Renewed attempts in September fared no better. Group J had taken up positions 8 mi east of Kestenga after being pushed back by the Soviet 88th Division which had recently arrived in the area. General Siilasvuo reported to Generaloberst Nikolaus von Falkenhorst that III Corps was unable to reach Loukhi, with both sides settling for stationary warfare in the sector. On 14 August, Group J was renamed Division J and Group F as 3rd Division. On the same date, Hitler ordered the attack on Ukhta to be halted, and for Division J, including SS-Division Nord, to go on the defensive. Concurrently with these changes, SS Division Nord was de-subordinated from Division J and was given its own sector alongside Division J's as part of the III Corps's northern group.

By 6 October the situation at the front had improved to a point where von Falkenhorst and Siilasvuo discussed continuing the III Corps's advance towards Loukhi. Due to Hitler's August order, the plan was phrased as III Corp improving its positions. To this end, on 16 October, von Falkenhorst approved a plan to capture "a crossing of a railway and a highway 30 km east of Kestenga", indicating the real purpose of the operation was to cut the Murmansk railroad. The Finnish high command was informed about the operation on 25 October, but nobody informed the German high command, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW). The operation began on 30 October, with III Corps encircling a Soviet regiment in the first two days. On 9 October, the Army of Norway reported to OKW that two regiments of the Soviet 88th Rifle Division had been virtually destroyed, but Finnish intelligence indicated that Soviets were reinforcing the area with the 186th Rifle Division from Murmansk.

On 5 November, Siilasvuo was informed by the Finnish high command that the attack should be halted for political reasons, and that no additional Finnish reinforcements would be forthcoming despite Siilasvuo's wishes. The United States of America had given the Finnish government a note demanding the attack be stopped. This had caused Finnish President Risto Ryti to express his concern over the operation to Mannerheim. By 11 November, Siilasvuo was actively slowing down the attack by ordering construction of further field fortifications. On the same date, the headquarters of the German Army of Norway received a message from OKW, demanding an explanation for the III Corps's attack. The message also reiterated a previous order for the whole Army of Norway sector to go to a defensive posture. On 17 November, Siilasvuo gave a written order to halt the attack. By December, the fighting in the area had calmed down.

In early 1942, the German forces in northern Finland and Norway were reorganized with the creation of the German Lapland Army (soon renamed the 20th Mountain Army) which took over Army of Norway's responsibilities in northern Finland. As part of this reorganization, III Corps was transferred to the Lapland Army. On 4 July, III Corps was formally transferred back to Finnish command, where it was directly subordinated to the Finnish commander-in-chief Mannerheim, with the German XVIII Corps taking responsibility for the Kestenga area the previous day. The area of Ukhta remained a Finnish responsibility until 22 March 1944, when it was handed to the 20th Mountain Army.

Karelian Isthmus, 1944

In March 1942, Finnish defenses had been reorganized under three large formations named Kannas Group, Maaselkä Group and Aunus Group. After the end of the siege of Leningrad in January 1944, the Finnish high command prepared for a Soviet offensive. As part of these preparations, the Kannas Group, responsible for the Karelian Isthmus (Karjalankannas), was split into two corps-level formations on 4 March. The western side of the isthmus became the responsibility of the IV Corps, with the eastern side of the isthmus being handed to the III Corps, the headquarters of which was moved to the area from northern Finland. Following this reorganization, on 6 July, III Corps consisted of the 15th Division, the 19th Brigade and some assets from the 18th Division that mostly acted as part of the commander-in-chief's reserve. The 3rd Division, previously part of the III Corps and recently freed from its frontal duties in the Ukhta area, was subordinated directly to the commander-in-chief as reserve.

On 9 June 1944, the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive started with a preparatory attack against the sector of the IV Corps. The main thrust of the offensive, on the Karelian Isthmus, hit the IV Corps sector on 10 June and quickly breached the Finnish main defensive line. By 11 June, IV Corps had been pushed sufficiently far back that the flank of III Corps was endangered. Even after IV Corps had reached the secondary VT-line on 12 June, III Corps was still holding to its part of the original main defensive line. On 13 June, to protect the flank of the corps, the 18th Division was released from the reserve and subordinated to III Corps. Concurrently, preparations were started for a future retreat to the VT-line. By 14 June, the situation of the 15th Division was becoming increasingly untenable, and III Corps was given permission to retreat to the VT-line. The retreat began on the night of 14–15 June, and the bulk of III Corps had reached the secondary defensive line by the end of June 15, with the exception of some forces on the left-most flank on the shore of Lake Ladoga.

The situation on the western Karelian Isthmus continued to deteriorate, and on 16 June Mannerheim ordered the 18th Division to be moved to the Vyborg region to act as his reserve as soon as possible. Given the rapid Soviet advance to the west, the III Corps continued to be in danger of being cut off. In the following days, the corps conducted a series of delaying actions, eventually taking defensive positions along Vuoksi, on the VKT-line. By 20 June, III Corps had created a defensive line consisting of two divisions and a brigade. The front stabilized along the Vuoksi for the rest of the war, and Soviet forces failed to break the VKT-line on the III Corps sector despite several attempts.

After the Continuation War

A ceasefire was agreed in September 1944 between the Soviet Union and Finland, which led to the Moscow Armistice. One of the terms of the armistice required Finland to ensure the removal of any German forces remaining in Finland. In practice, this meant that unless the German 20th Mountain Army Corps voluntarily retreated from Finland by mid-September, Finnish forces would have to evict them by force. Initially, Germans fell back towards Norway in unofficial cooperation with the Finnish forces. However, following the failure of Operation Tanne Ost, where the German's attempted capture Gogland from Finnish defenders on 14–15 September, as well as a general cessation of any voluntary movement towards Norway, Finno-German cooperation completely broke down.

During the resulting Lapland War, III Corps was moved to northern Finland where it took overall command of all the Finnish forces participating in the fighting against the Germans. The resulting formation consisted of the 3rd, 6th, 11th, 15th divisions, the Armored Division and two brigades. Over the next months, the III Corps slowly pushed the Germans out of Lapland.

As the Finnish Army completed its demobilization by early December, as mandated by the Moscow Armistice, the forces under III Corps were reduced from a peak strength of 75,000 to approximately 12,000 men. On 5 December the corps was re-designated 1st Division, which remained under Siilasvuo's command. As the veterans of the Continuation War were demobilized and replaced by fresh conscripts, this latter part of the Lapland War became known in Finland as the "Children's Crusade". The final stages of the war saw the Germans only occupy a minor area of land in the Karesuvanto region, and the Finnish forces in the area were eventually reduced to a task force consisting of 700 men. The final German forces left Finland on 27 April 1945, signaling the end to the Lapland War.

title: III Corps (Continuation War)