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Iranian reformists

The Reformists are a political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election and schedule for inauguration on the 30th of July.

Organizations
The 2nd of Khordad Movement usually refers not only to the coalition of 18 groups and political parties of the reforms front but to anyone else who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami.

The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous including the following:
 * Islamic Iran Participation Front: key figures are Mohammad Reza Khatami, Saeed Hajjarian, Alireza Alavitabar, Abbas Abdi, Mohsen Safaie-Farahani, Mohsen Aminzadeh, and Mostafa Tajzadeh. It has been described as the dominant member within the 2nd of Khordad Front, the "main reformist party", and the party most closely associated with President Khatami.
 * Association of Combatant Clerics (Majma'e Rowhaniyoon-e Mobarez): key figures are Mohammad Khatami, Hadi Khamenei, Majid Ansari, Mohammad Tavassoli, and Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha. It has been described as the "main 'reformist' clerical body."
 * Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi-e Irān): key figures are Behzad Nabavi, Mohsen Armin, Mohammad Salevati, and Feyzollah Arabsorkhi. The mojahedin have been called a "key political group."

Ideas
Some Iranian intellectuals were involved in establishing a foundation for the movement. Perhaps the most influential figure was Abdolkarim Soroush. For many years, he was the only voice publicly criticizing the regime's policies. His regular lectures at Tehran University used to enjoy the attendance of many of the Iranian students who later generated the 2nd of Khordad movement. Many famous figures of the movement belong to the Soroush circle. However, at the rise of 2nd of Khordad movement, Saeed Hajjarian acted as the main theorist behind the movement and the main strategist in Khatami's camp.

The movement has been described as changing the key terms in public discourse: emperialism (imperialism), mostazafen (poor), jehad (jihad), mojahed (mujahideen), shahed (martyrdom), khish (roots), enqelab (revolution) and Gharbzadegi (Western intoxication), to some modern terms and concepts like: demokrasi (democracy), moderniyat (modernity), azadi (liberty), barabari (equality), jam'eh-e madani (civil society), hoquq-e beshar (human rights), mosharekat-e siyasi (political participation), Shahrvandi (citizenship), etc.

Supporters
The core of the reform movement is said to be made up of Islamic leftists disqualified from running for office as they were purged and generally disempowered by Islamic conservatives following the death of Imam Khomeini in 1989. Islamic leftists turned reformists include Abdolkarim Soroush, Saeed Hajjarian, Akbar Ganji, Ali Akbar Mohtashami-Pur, Ebrahim Asgharzadeh, Mohsen Mirdamadi, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, and the Anjoman-e-Eslami (Islamic Association) and Office for Strengthening Unity student groups.

Many institutions support the movement of reformation such as organizations like Organization of the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution (OMIR) and the Majma’a Rohaneeyoon Mobarez or the Forum of the Militant Clergy, or Office for Fostering Unity and Freedom Movement of Iran. There were also many media outlets in support like the Iran-e-farda and kian magazinez.

Khatami's support is said to have cut across regions and class lines with even some members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Qom seminarians and Basij members voting for him. The core of his electoral support, however, came from the modern middle class, college students, women, and urban workers. For example, by 1995, about half of Iran's 60.5 million people were too young to be alive at the time of the Islamic Revolution.

1997 presidential election
The movement began with the May 23, 1997, surprise victory of Mohammad Khatami, "a little known cleric", to the presidency on with almost 70% of the vote.

Khatami is regarded as Iran's first reformist president, since the focus of his campaign was on the rule of law, democracy and the inclusion of all Iranians in the political decision-making process.

Assassination attempt on Saeed Hajjarian
Very soon after the rise of the 2nd of Khordad movement, there was an attempted assassination of Saeed Hajjarian, the main strategist of the reformist camp. In March 2000, he was shot in the face on the doorstep of Tehran's city council by a gunman who fled on a motorcycle with an accomplice. The bullet entered through his left cheek and lodged in his neck. He was not killed but was "badly paralyzed" for some time. During his coma, groups of young Iranians kept a vigil outside Sina hospital, where he was being treated. Due to this injury, Hajjarian now uses a walking frame, and his voice is distorted.

His convicted assailant Saeed Asgar, a young man who was reported to be a member of the Basij militia, served only a small part of his 15-year jail sentence.

Ganji and Red Eminence and Grey Eminences
Red Eminence and Grey Eminences ( "Alijenabe Sorkhpoosh, Alijenabane Khakestari") is the name of a series of newspaper articles and a book written by Akbar Ganji under the responsibility of Saeed Hajjarian, in which he criticized former President Rafsanjani as the "Red Eminence" and the intelligence officers in his government, such as Ali Fallahian, as the "Grey Eminences". His subsequent prosecution and conviction for "anti-Islamic activities" for his role in the publication of the book and articles cost Akbar Ganji six years of imprisonment.

1999 local elections
Reformist candidates did remarkably well in the 1999 local elections and received 75% of the vote.

18th of Tir crisis (1999)
The 18th of Tir (July 9) crisis, refers to a demonstration in Tehran University dormitory in reaction to closing Salam newspaper by the government. Demonstrations continued for a few days in most cities in Iran and in more than ninety-five countries worldwide. The demonstration ended in violence and the death of a young Iranian citizen along with many casualties. At the time, it was Iran's biggest antigovernment demonstrations since the 1979 Islamic revolution. After attacking of the students of Tehran University by hardline vigilante group, Khatami delivered a speech three months later while defending of his reform programme and at the same time he insisted on the foundations of his government. He referred to the reformation of system from within with holding two elements of Islamic and republic.

18th of Tir national day of protest (2003)
In 2003, Iran's leading pro-democracy student group, the Daftar-e Tahkim-e-Vahdat called for a national day of protest on the 18th of Tir to commemorate the original 1999 protest. At least one observer believes it was the failure of this protest that "delivered a fatal blow to the reform movement."

According to journalist Afshin Molavi, many Iranians hoped the day would lead to an uprising that would "break the back" of the hardliners, but instead the Islamic Republic "employed violence, intimidation, and sophisticated carrot-and-stick approach to suck the wind out of the demonstrations." In addition to a show of force and numerous checkpoints, the state used sophisticated jamming technology to black out satellite all the television feed and allowed the holding of (rare) outdoor pop concerts to draw young people away from the demonstrations. Dartar-e Tahkim-e-Vahdat also hurt its cause by calling for foreigners, the UN,- to assist it against the government.

6th Parliament (2000)
In the Iranian parliamentary elections, 2000 to elect the 6th parliament, reformist enjoyed a majority (69.25%), or 26.8 million, of the 38.7 million voters who cast ballots in the February 18, 2000 first round. Ultimately reformists won 195 of the 290 Majlis seats in that election.

7th Parliament (2004)
In January 2004, shortly before the 2004 Iranian legislative elections (the 7th Parliament), the conservative Council of Guardians ended Iranian voters' continued support for reformists by taking the unprecedented step of banning about 2500 candidates, nearly half of the total, including 80 sitting Parliament deputies. More than 100 MPs resigned in protest and critics complained the move "shattered any pretense of Iranian democracy".

27 Khordad presidential election (2005)
In the 27 Khordad presidential election (June 17, 2005), Mostafa Moin and Mehdi Karroubi were the main candidates of the 2nd of Khordad movement. However, neither made it to the second round of the election (the final runoff): Moin came in fifth and Karroubi third in the first round. As a result, many supporters of the reform movement lost hope and did not participate in the election.

2009 Iranian presidential election

The two leading reformist candidates in the 2009 presidential election were Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi. Mousavi supporters disbelieved the election results and initiated a series of protests that lasted several days. After many days of protesting against the election results, the protests eventually turned violent as the Basij (loyal militia to the Islamic Republic) started attacking the protesters and vice versa. Some protesters turned their anger to the government itself and tried to overthrow the Islamic Republic. The protests, in general, lasted up to several months.

Criticism of success
The lack of success of the movement is described by The Economist magazine:

"Dozens of newspapers opened during the Khatami period, only for many to be shut down on one pretext or another by the judiciary. Clerics who took advantage of the new atmosphere to question the doctrine of velayat-e faqih [Islamic government] were imprisoned or otherwise cowed. Even as political debate blossomed, Iran's security services cracked down on religious and ethnic minorities. A number of the government's critics fell victim to murders traced later to the interior ministry. In 1999 police reacted to a peaceful demonstration for freer speech by invading Tehran University, beating and arresting hundreds of students and killing at least one. In the majlis (parliament) much of the president's reforming legislation was vetoed by the Council of Guardians, a committee of clerics appointed by the supreme leader to ensure that laws conform with Islamic precepts."

Saeed Hajjarian, the main theorist behind the movement, declared in 2003 that "the reform movement is dead. Long live the reform movement".

The victory of conservatives in the 2005 presidential election and the 2004 Majlis election can be explained "not so much" by an expansion of "their limited core base as by [their] dividing of the reformers and [their] discouraging them from voting," according to political historian Ervand Abrahamian: "The conservatives won in part because they retained their 25% base; in part because they recruited war veterans to run as their candidates; in part because they wooed independents on the issue of national security; but in most part because large numbers of women, college students, and other members of the salaried middle class stayed home. Turnout in the Majles elections fell below 51% - one of the worst since the revolution. In Tehran, it fell to 28%."

Limitations
The reform movement has been lamented as "too divided to establish its own political authority, too naïve about the tenacity of the authoritarian elite around Khamenei, and too inflexible to circumvent the ban on political parties in Iran by creating and sustaining alternative forms of mobilisation." In addition, leaders of the reform movement lacked a clear and coherent strategy of establishing durable and extensive linkages with the public.

Ironically, they became a victim of their electoral successes. The reform movement's "control of both the presidency and parliament from 2000 to 2004 made it look inept and a part of the corrupt system in the eyes of many Iranians."

Secularism
BBC journalist Jonathan Beale reports that since secularism is banned in Iran, it is an ideology that is mostly followed by political organizations among the Iranian diaspora or by many of the anti-sharia political parties in exile that are secular. These parties promote regime change, most often with foreign aid and military intervention (particularity from the United States). He quotes a former leader of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, Mohsen Sazegara (also one of its founders), as saying, "Don't interfere. Leave these affairs to the Iranian people". Sazegara believes the US should call for democracy and freedom, and let Iranian opposition groups inside Iran, which are Reformists, take the lead, instead of attempting to create an opposition in exile.

Referendum movement
The Referendum movement calls in effect for a rerun of the 1979 referendum that established the Islamic Republic in Iran: "a 'yes or no' vote on whether today's Iranians still want the authoritarian Islamic Republic that another generation's revolution brought them." It is said to have been born out of "the ashes of the failures of Khatami's Islamic democracy movement" and reflected in one-word graffiti on walls in Tehran saying "no". It has been criticized as calling for complete system change without "building the political and organisational network to back it up" and inviting a brutal crackdown, with "no means on the ground to resist it".

Reformists' Supreme Council for Policymaking
On 8 November 2015, the establishment of the council was announced. It oversees the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, which its rotating head serves as the deputy head of the council for policymaking. Moderation and Development Party joined the council in April 2017. Some members of the council include:
 * Mohammad-Reza Aref (Head)
 * Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari (Deputy)
 * Mahmoud Sadeghi (ex-officio deputy as head of the Coordinating Council)
 * Elaheh Koulaei (Secretary)
 * Elham Fakhari (Secretary)
 * Hassan Rasouli
 * Mohsen Rohami
 * Seyed Mahmoud Mirlohi
 * Ali Soufi

Parties

 * Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line
 * Association of Combatant Clerics
 * Democracy Party
 * Executives of Construction Party
 * Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
 * Islamic Labour Party
 * National Trust Party
 * NEDA Party
 * Popular Party of Reforms

 * Union of Islamic Iran People Party
 * Will of the Iranian Nation Party
 * Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
 * Islamic Assembly of Ladies
 * Islamic Iran Participation Front (banned)

Organizations

 * Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers
 * Islamic Association of Teachers
 * Islamic Association of Engineers
 * Islamic Association of University Instructors
 * Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society

 * Office for Strengthening Unity
 * Worker House
 * Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (banned)

Media

 * Aftab Yazd
 * Etemaad
 * Shargh
 * Asr-e Maa
 * Asrar
 * Ayande-ye No
 * Bahar
 * Ebtekar

 * Ham-Mihan
 * Hayat-e-No
 * Hambastegi
 * Khordad
 * Yas-e No
 * Zan
 * Mosharekat

title: Iranian reformists


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Foothill Transit

Foothill Transit is a public transit agency that is government funded by 22 member cities in the San Gabriel and Pomona valleys. It operates a fixed-route bus public transit service in the San Gabriel Valley region of eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States, as well as a rapid bus route to and from downtown Los Angeles from the El Monte Busway, and a few of its local routes reach the far northern and western edge cities of neighboring Orange and San Bernardino counties, respectively. In, the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of.

Overview
Foothill Transit operates out of two yards: one in Pomona (opened in 1997), and the other in Arcadia (opened in 2002); the administrative offices moved to West Covina in 2007. The Foothill Transit joint powers authority membership consists of elected representatives from 22 member cities in the San Gabriel Valley and Pomona Valley and three members appointed from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. These representatives are divided into five geographical clusters, which each elect a representative annually to serve on a five-member executive board.

Funding
Foothill Transit is mainly funded by local sales tax revenue, with 75% coming from Los Angeles County Propositions A and C, California State Transportation Development Act, and the State Transit Assistance Fund. The remaining 25% comes from farebox revenue.

History
Los Angeles County Supervisor Pete Schabarum is credited with the formation of the transit agency. Schabarum, annoyed by what he saw as disproportionate cutbacks of bus service by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in the San Gabriel Valley, wanted to secede from the larger agency and form a separate transit agency as early as 1986. Compared to routes serving more densely-populated areas, routes in the San Gabriel and Pomona Valleys required greater subsidies to serve fewer riders on longer freeway alignments in eastern Los Angeles County.

Foothill was initially founded by 20 member cities; Pasadena voted to join in 1998. In 1987, the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) approved Foothill to take over fourteen routes which serviced the San Gabriel Valley that were currently operated by SCRTD. Although service was planned to start on July 1, 1988, the Foothill Transit Zone had been prevented from starting service in July by an injunction arising from a lawsuit filed by the drivers and mechanics unions (United Transportation and Amalgamated Transit Unions) of SCRTD against LACTC. Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Eli Chernow ruled that LACTC could not unilaterally transfer the lines without the consent of the SCRTD board of directors. The injunction was upheld on appeal.

LACTC had begun withholding $9 million per month from SCRTD in April 1988 on the basis that SCRTD had not followed salary guidelines set by LACTC; SCRTD replied that LACTC, under the leadership of its chairman (Schabarum), was holding the funds hostage to pressure SCRTD to release the lines to Foothill Transit. SCRTD consented to Foothill Transit taking over the bus lines in December 1988 in return for the restoration of funding. Those first two lines operated by Foothill Transit were 495 and 498.

The trial for the lawsuit against Foothill Transit started in May 1989, was resolved in Foothill's favor by July, and the other twelve lines previously operated by SCRTD were transitioned to Foothill Transit between 1989 and 1992. For a short period in 1992, the last two routes to transition (486 and 488) were operated by both Foothill Transit and SCRTD during continued legal disputes. The drivers and mechanics unions disputed the transfer of 486 and 488 since SCRTD had made the decision without negotiating with the union; an arbitrator held up the unions' argument, which led to duplicated service on those lines, as "Foothill Transit [had] the legal right to operate buses on the contested routes, but the [SCRTD had] the legal obligation to do so", and the union planned to use that precedent to roll back service to SCRTD on all fourteen lines. However, Foothill Transit again prevailed in a February 1993 court ruling.

Contract labor
Schabarum, who hated the influence of trade unions, chose to use contractors to operate the service. All of the operations and maintenance work for Foothill Transit are contracted out. , bus service is operated by Keolis at Pomona and Transdev at Arcadia/Irwindale.

Embree Bus Lines was the initial contractor that operated the first two lines for Foothill starting in December 1988. The hourly operating cost under Foothill Transit was reduced by up to half compared to service under SCRTD, and ridership grew, but the contract operator drivers generally earned less in both wages and fringe benefits, and had less influence over working conditions. In addition, Foothill Transit was not required to provide typical rider services such as schedules, bus stops, transit police, or telephone information. During the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Foothill Transit terminated service at El Monte rather than continue on to downtown Los Angeles. Over the first five years, Foothill Transit consistently saved money compared to SCRTD's historical costs. In 1994, Foothill reported their hourly cost of operations was $55, compared to $93 for the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro), with a farebox recovery ratio of 48% (compared to 32% for Metro) at a lower fare of $0.85 (compared to $1.10 for Metro, which was scheduled to increase to $1.35 later that year). In addition, Foothill reported an accident rate of 0.3 per 100000 mi traveled, compared to Metro's rate of 3.3 per 100000 mi, although Metro's accident rate was skewed by older buses and more dense traffic in its operating area.

Foothill executives made the service essentially strike-proof by insisting that two different companies operate the two bus yards, even if it would cost more in the short term. By 1998, Foothill's contractors were Laidlaw and Ryder/ATE. However, due to bus industry consolidation, First Transit operated both yards from 2001 to mid-2007. Currently, both Foothill Transit yards are represented by unions (Arcadia by the Amalgamated Transit Union and Pomona by the Teamsters Union), but past strikes at the agency have been less than successful due to the ability of one yard to operate the other yard's service. In addition, wages are less at Foothill than at other transit operators in the region.

The contract operator drivers at Foothill were also represented by the Teamsters, but a 1994 Los Angeles Times article reported they earned an average of $11 per hour, compared to the average $18.45 per hour earned by Metro drivers. A representative of the union representing Metro's drivers, the United Transportation Union, accused Foothill of not paying its drivers a living wage; the president of the company that was then contracted to manage Foothill, William P. Forsythe, stated the US$20000 1994 typical annual pay of a Foothill driver "isn't bad for a service industry job" and admitted it wasn't fair "compared to MTA, but they've been overpaying for years." In January 1995, the Los Angeles Times reported the majority of the 150 drivers for Laidlaw made $8.50 per hour; those drivers, represented by the Teamsters, rejected a proposed contract that offered no wage increases.

Laidlaw, which was responsible for approximately half of Foothill's fleet, operated out of the Upland Yard. The first strike against Foothill Transit started when Laidlaw drivers walked off in February 1996, asking for an immediate $1/hour raise and full medical coverage. Teamsters Local 848 officials stated that drivers could not afford private health insurance, and had to rely on county services instead. Foothill's other contractor was not affected and continued normal operations during the strike. The strike ended after thirteen days, when drivers accepted a 3% pay raise with no health coverage on a one-year contract under the threat they would be fired and replaced if they did not return to work. Shortly after the expiration of the contract, Laidlaw drivers went on strike again in June 1997, but that strike was settled within hours, as most drivers were no longer represented by the union. The reported average wages in 1998 was $9.30 per hour for Ryder/ATE drivers (represented by the Teamsters), and $9.06 per hour for Laidlaw drivers (who had previously voted to become an open shop).

Effective July 1, 2013, due to expiration of the existing management services contract and continuing conflicts of interest between the executive director, staff, and board, Foothill Transit transitioned to in house management. Executive Director Doran Barnes became the first full-time Foothill employee, and planning, procurement, and other administrative functions became Foothill functions as well. Transdev (formerly Veolia) staff continues to operate the transit stores and maintain bus shelters.

The last two lines operated by Metro (SCRTD's successor) in the eastern San Gabriel Valley were turned over to Foothill in 2016.

In 2017, Foothill Transit hired two new contractors, Keolis and Transdev, both of which are French transportation companies, to manage both of their bus storage yards. Keolis took over First Transit's role in managing the Pomona Yard and Transdev took over First Transit's, and previously MV Transportation's, role in managing the Irwindale Yard.

Environmental initiatives
In 2002, Foothill Transit began purchasing Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) powered buses. In 2010, Foothill Transit was the first transit system to operate an all-electric battery-powered bus from Proterra. By 2013, when the last diesel-powered 2000–2001 Gillig Advantage buses were retired, Foothill Transit became around a 90 percent CNG fleet. 10 percent of the fleet is electric.

Foothill Transit's main goal is to be fully electric by 2030. On January 25, 2021, Foothill Transit received its first two all-electric double-decker buses, which were made by Alexander Dennis in the United Kingdom.

Fleet Reliability Problems
During its transition to an all Electric Fleet, Foothill Transit suffered a thirty-four percent electric fleet failure rate. The transit system blamed its fleet vendor for the lack of spare parts. Other units stalled while in revenue service. In the Fiscal year 2020, sixty-seven percent of its electric fleet failed to properly operate. Most of the buses had to wait three hundred days for replacement parts.

In 2021, Foothill transit voted in returning its fleet of Electric Buses to the FTA. Foothill Transit took a 5 million dollar charge, due to its reduced life cycle.

Fuel Cell Fleet
In 2021, Foothill transit ordered 13 Fuel Cell buses from New flyer to replace its Electric buses The Fuel Cell Buses began revenue service in December 2022

Commuter Express routes
Commuter Express services operate weekdays only in the peak direction, excluding the Silver Streak.

Other services
Foothill Transit provides shuttle service for special events at the Rose Bowl, including UCLA Football home games and the annual Rose Bowl Game.

School Tripper routes
Services operate weekdays only.

Transfers
Free 2-Hour Foothill Transit to Foothill Transit local transfers. (Lines 490, 493, 495, 498, 499, and 699), you’ll have to pay the full fare.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Foothill Transit


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Vroman's Bookstore

Vroman's Bookstore is reportedly the oldest and largest independent bookstore by multiple news media reporters in Southern California.

The store hosts over 400 free community events a year including children's storytimes, trivia nights, craft classes, bake-offs, and launch parties, and has hosted such authors as President Bill Clinton, President Jimmy Carter, Irving Stone, Upton Sinclair, Ray Bradbury, David Sedaris, Salman Rushdie, Walter Mosley, Joan Didion, Barbara Walters, Anne Rice, Neil Gaiman, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, and Bernie Sanders.

Background
Founded in 1894 by Adam Clark Vroman, the original Vroman's Book and Photographic Supply store was located at 60 E. Colorado St in Pasadena, California. Mr. Vroman loved books and loved giving back to his community. Mr. Vroman was also a passionate photographer, specializing in scenes of the American West and his portraits of Native Americans. When Mr. Vroman died in 1916, he left the bookstore to long-time employees.

During World War II, Vroman's donated and delivered books to Japanese Americans interned at nearby camps, such as the Manzanar camp in Owens Valley.

In 2008, Vroman's was named Bookseller of the Year by Publishers Weekly, an international news magazine of book publishing.

In 2009, Vroman's bought another beloved independent bookstore, Book Soup in West Hollywood, after its owner died and the store was in danger of closing.

In 2020, Vroman's Bookstore itself was in danger of closing due to a significant drop in sales resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic.

title: Vroman's Bookstore


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User:BrendanRyan

I am Brendan Ryan, an alumni of the Rochester Institute of Technology. I decided to join Wikipedia after seeing its page about RIT.

I created these pages:

 * Kula Plate

{| style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px;"

title: User:BrendanRyan


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Herbie Husker

Herbie Husker is the oldest current mascot of the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Herbie was created by Lubbock-based artist Dirk West and first appeared on the cover of the Huskers' media guide in 1974. Soon after, he became the university's official mascot. Herbie frequently travels to academic and athletic events at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and often appears at events throughout Lincoln.

History

The University of Nebraska–Lincoln cycled through several official mascots before settling on Herbie Husker. The first of these was Corncob Man, a man in green overalls with an ear of corn for a head. After just a few years, the university sought a more "representative" mascot and debuted Huskie the Husker, a farmer who stood ten feet tall and wore overalls with a straw hat on top of a fiberglass head. Huskie soon gave way to Mr. Big Red (more commonly known as Harry Husker); Harry was equally tall but dressed in a blazer and red wide-brim hat. Harry's head was so large it couldn't fit on the team's traveling bus, and it was so heavy the student wearing the costume had to be switched every 45 minutes.

The physical demands of the Harry costume meant the university was soon looking for another mascot design, and in 1974 NU acquired the rights to Herbie Husker based on the design of Lubbock, Texas artist Dirk West. NU hired Disney cartoonist Bob Johnson to refine West's design into a costume, and Herbie made his first appearance at a Nebraska football game at the 1974 Cotton Bowl Classic, a 19–3 Cornhuskers victory over Texas. Mr. Big Red wasn't officially retired until 1988, but was infrequently seen while co-existing with Herbie.

Historically, Herbie had blond hair and dressed in denim overalls (with an ear of corn in the pocket), a white undershirt, and a red cowboy hat. Prior to the 2003 season, Herbie's appearance was altered to include a red workshirt, blue jeans, and workboots in an effort to update the overall appearance of the state's agricultural workers and general public; however, the new design was not well-received.

Nebraska holds open tryouts prior to each football season for students who wish to dress as Herbie for the academic year. The students who are selected are encouraged to keep their identity a secret until after graduation, though this is not a requirement. Since 1994, Herbie has often been joined on the sideline by the inflatable Lil' Red, Nebraska's other official mascot. Initially, Lil' Red was created to appeal to younger fans and to primarily represent the school's volleyball team, which occasionally played at the same time as Nebraska's football team. However, the mascots are now frequently seen together across all sports.

In January 2005, Herbie starred in his own children's book, Hello, Herbie Husker!, published by Mascot Books.

Herbie was named the 2005 National Mascot of the year at halftime of the 2006 Capital One Bowl.

In 2022, the university modified Herbie's left hand in its classic logo to avoid association with a perceived hate symbol.

In January 2022, the university began the process of redesigning Herbie, with athletic director Trev Alberts announcing the plan in September. On April 17, 2023, the university unveiled a redesigned Herbie that closely resembles the 1974 design, with blond hair, dressed in denim overalls with an ear of corn in the back pocket, a white shirt, and a red cowboy hat.

title: Herbie Husker


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Adventurers of the North - Kalevala Heroes

Adventurers of the North — Kalevala Heroes (ANKH) is a Finnish role-playing game published by Nelospelit in 1988. It was highly derivative of other roleplaying games and despite its Finnish cultural details, was not a commercial success.

Description
ANKH was written by Pasi Janhunen and illustrated by Janhunen and cartoonist Petri Hiltunen.

The design and gameplay of ANKH is similar to the original Dungeons & Dragons game, with some elements borrowed from RuneQuest. A review in the Finnish role-playing game magazine Sininen Lohikäärme compared the game system to that of Tunnels & Trolls. To provide a Finnish flavour, the game is set in the Finnish Iron Age, and some of the characters and monsters are taken from Finnish mythology and the Kalevala, the national epic of Finland. Possible character classes include hunter, blacksmith and sage. The contents of the game box included three rulebooks and dice.

Designer Pasi Janhunen said he had "sunk incredible time and, when necessary, equity" into the game, and that he planned to create expansions and adventures for ANKH  as well as a separate board game. However, the game was not a commercial success, and no further material was published.

Reception
In the 1994 book Roolipeliopas (Role-playing Guide), Lauri Tudeer recalled that ANKH "was disappointing compared to the advertising campaign."

In their 2007 book Roolipelikirja (Role Playing Book), Jukka Särkijärvi and Kaj Sotala believed the game design's reliance on other role-playing games explained its lack of success, but thought it might have some value as a collectible: "ANKH may not contain very innovative game design, but it is an interesting curiosity for collectors."


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Talk:Tatenokai

Untitled
Removed the thing about Morita being Mishima's lover. Reason: a) I'd like to see a cite for this being true. I'll agree to stipulate that Mishima had the hots for Morita, but I'm not sure Morita swung that way, or whether Mishima would have followed through on his feelings.  b) not sure this is relevant to a Tatenokai entry. Seems more relevant to Mishima's personal entry. Nat Krause 07:53, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * The biographies of Nathan and Scott-Stokes do seem to suggest the two were lovers and that their suicide was to emulate the seppuku of samurai homosexual lovers. In any event, it is a common rumour that Mishima founded the Tatenokai to find a young lover who shared his views, and this deserves mention in the article. Crculver 01:29, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 15 January 2019 and 2 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Laurie620.

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Talk:Glutinous rice

Fair use rationale for Image:IMG 2995.JPG
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 * A fair use rationale has since been provided. --GentlemanGhost (talk) 21:35, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Cultivation
Glutinous rice is a type of rice grown in Thailand, Japan, Vietnam, China and Laos, It is used in recipes throughout South East and East Asia. An estimated 85% of Lao rice production is of this type.

Does this seem like a contradiction? It says that glutinous rice is not grown in Laos but 85% of Lao rice production is glutinous. Can someone clarify? HanBoN (talk) 19:41, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Somebody screwed up. Laos also leads the rest of Southeast Asia in the production and consumption of glutinous (sticky) rice. Page 8 of 26. Somebody who knows how to do a proper cite should change it. Pawyilee (talk) 15:23, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Glutinous rice is a type of rice grown in Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Cambodia and Indonesia.

The country list seems to keep growing. I'm thinking instead of listing all the individual countries, just saying throughout Southeast and East Asia (similar to how it is done at the end of the cultivation section, where it talks about what cuisines it is used in…--VikÞor |  Talk 21:31, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't know the logic behind the country list, or the significance. However, sticky rice is very common in the cuisine of Northeast / North Thailand (& Laos) & I think Korea.  Otherwise it's not really a staple food, or often eaten in China, Japan, most of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, etc.  As there is unlikely to be an interested editor with the appropriate knowledge base of all these different areas of Asia and their respective cuisine, I think it's better to just let whomever has adequate knowledge enter it in, even though it's not really reflective.  --Thomas Chongruk  |  Talk 3:22, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

why glutinous rice is sticky?
Given that glutinous rice is actually gluten-free, but why the glutinous rice is sticky after cooking? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.132.250.10 (talk) 12:10, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Links...
Is http://laocuisine.la/?s=sticky+rice really a useful link? It's nothing but a link to someone's blog where the first article is a youtube video. I'll let the more seasoned Wikipedians sort it out, but I thought I'd bring it up. 69.207.47.45 (talk) 21:50, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Format
This article is a mess of italics, I've removed most of them because it makes it hard to read. Fuzbaby (talk) 20:46, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

Variety ?
Can someone give some references whether glutinous rice is really a variety ? It is I think mere a Cultivar Group. Kembangraps (talk) 06:26, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Sources modified on Glutinous rice
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Where is the table of the scientific classification ........
Please see the example of Wheat and Durum

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Glutinous Rice
What is the shelf life of glutinous rice? Josepajelani (talk) 12:26, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

Why is Laos such a large part of this article?
Just that 2605:A601:AAAB:B100:D46:25BC:F1DD:B691 (talk) 04:16, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

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Purple Haze

"Purple Haze" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17, 1967, in the United Kingdom. The song features his inventive guitar playing, which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities, shaped by novel sound processing techniques. Because of ambiguities in the lyrics, listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience, although Hendrix described it as a love song. It was included as the opening track in the North American edition of the Experience's debut album, Are You Experienced (1967).

"Purple Haze" is one of Hendrix's best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums. The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrix's group configurations issued live recordings. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs, including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine. In 2004 and 2010, the former ranked it at number 17 on its “The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time ” list, re-ranking it to number 250 in the 2021 edition.

Background and recording
By January 5, 1967, the Jimi Hendrix Experience's first single, "Hey Joe", backed with "Stone Free", had peaked at number six on the UK record chart. "Hey Joe" was not a Hendrix composition – it was written by Billy Roberts and recorded by several groups prior to the Experience. Hendrix commented, "That record isn't us. The next one's gonna be different. We're working on an LP which will mainly be our stuff." The group recorded several demos of original material at studios in London, including "Can You See Me", "Foxy Lady", "Third Stone from the Sun", "Red House", and "Remember". In the middle of December, producer Chas Chandler heard Hendrix toying around with a new guitar riff. "I heard him playing it at the flat and was knocked out. I told him to keep working on that, saying, 'That's the next single! Chandler claimed that after some more urging, Hendrix wrote the rest of "Purple Haze" in the dressing room of a London club during the afternoon of December 26, 1966, before a gig. In several interviews, Hendrix spoke about writing the song, but did not mention where or when he wrote it.

The Experience began recording "Purple Haze" on January 11, 1967, at De Lane Lea Studios in London. According to drummer Mitch Mitchell, he and bassist Noel Redding learned the song in the studio: "Hendrix came in and kind of hummed us the riff and showed Noel the chords and the changes. I listened to it and we went, 'OK, let's do it.' We got it on the third take as I recall." The basic track was recorded in four hours, according to Chandler. Multitrack recording technology allowed engineers to record and complete additional parts on the final master. After the basic track was finished, Chandler explained that he and Hendrix developed the song: "With 'Purple Haze', Hendrix and I were striving for a sound and just kept going back in [to the studio], two hours at a time, trying to achieve it. It wasn't like we were there for days on end. We recorded it, and then Hendrix and I would be sitting at home saying, 'Let's try that.' Then we would go in for an hour or two. That's how it was in those days. However long it took to record one specific idea, that's how long we would book. We kept going in and out." Redding and Mitchell were not included in the process because Chandler felt that it was more efficient for him and Hendrix to do it alone. To get a better quality recording, Chandler took the four-track tape recorded at De Lane Lea to Olympic Studios for overdubbing (although Hendrix had worked with eight-track recording in the US, it was not yet available in the UK). At Olympic, they were assigned Eddie Kramer, who, as a sound engineer, played an important role in subsequent Hendrix recordings. Hendrix added new vocals and guitar parts between February 3 and 8, 1967. Unlike the conventional techniques used by the Experience to record previous songs, Chandler decided to try out new effects and sounds for "Purple Haze". He enhanced background sounds (some contributed by Redding) by playing them back through headphones, which were moved around the recording microphone, creating "a weird echo". Chandler also used sped-up guitar parts recorded at half-speed (which also raises the pitch) and panning to create novel effects. The guitar solo features the first use of the Octavia guitar effects unit. Acoustical and electronics engineer Roger Mayer developed the unit with input from Hendrix. The Octavia doubles the frequency of the sound it is fed, essentially adding an upper octave.

Lyrics and interpretation
In interviews, Hendrix usually gave different answers about the development of the song's lyrics. Biographer Harry Shapiro points out that "Purple Haze" is most likely "a pot-pourri of ideas" which Hendrix developed over time. As a fan of science fiction, he frequently incorporated its imagery in his songwriting. Hendrix read Night of Light, a 1966 novel by Philip José Farmer, that expanded on a short story published in 1957. In the story set on a distant planet, sunspots produce a "purplish haze" which has a disorienting effect on the inhabitants. An early handwritten draft by Hendrix, titled "Purple Haze – Jesus Saves", uses dream-like imagery where the sense of direction and time is distorted. In an interview on January 28, 1967, before the song was completed, Hendrix was asked how he wrote songs; he responded, "I dream a lot and I put my dreams down as songs. I wrote one called 'First Look Around the Corner' and another called 'The Purple Haze,' which was about a dream I had that I was walking under the sea." He later expressed frustration that he was unable to more fully develop his ideas for the song: "You know the song we had named 'Purple Haze'? [It] had about a thousand, thousand words ... I had it all written out. It was about going through, through this land. This mythical ... because that's what I like to do is write a lot of mythical scenes.  You know, like the history of the wars on Neptune." So far, only a crumpled single sheet of ruled yellow tablet paper is on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and does not include any of the lyrics used in the Experience song. Chandler admitted that in the early stages, he helped Hendrix shape the songs and lyrics to radio single length. Biographer Keith Shadwick comments that although much of the complexity may have been sacrificed, it resulted in verses that are "simple, focused and striking". After its release, Hendrix offered another explanation: "He [the song's protagonist] likes this girl so much, that he doesn't know what [state] he's in, ya know. A sort of daze, I suppose.  That's what the song is all about." This draws on an experience Hendrix had while still in New York, where he felt that a girl was attempting to use voodoo to trap him and he became ill. Shapiro believes that this is reflected in most of the first two verses:

Many fans and the press interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience due to lines such as "purple haze all in my brain" and scuse me while I kiss the sky". However, Hendrix and those closest to him never discussed any connection between psychedelic drugs and the song, although Shapiro admits that, at the time, to do so would have been "professional suicide". Chandler, who claimed he was present when Hendrix wrote it, later denied suggestions that Hendrix did so while under the influence of psychedelics.  Commenting on the lyrics, Shadwick concludes "the music [was allowed] to tell the larger story. Poised effectively between the twin intoxicants of drugs and desire, they could be interpreted to the listener's taste". In concert, Hendrix sometimes substituted lyrics for comic effect; scuse me while I kiss the sky" was rendered scuse me while I kiss this guy" (while gesturing towards Mitchell), scuse me while I kiss that policeman" (at a near riot in Los Angeles), or scuse me while I fuck the sky" (during a downpour in Seattle).

Composition
Music critic William Ruhlmann describes "Purple Haze" as having "relentlessly driving, if relatively slow-paced underlying music, which provides a good platform for some of Hendrix's inventive guitar playing". Beginning with its dissonant opening and heavy use of distortion, Hendrix's techniques "all contributed to the dirty, raw, metallic, [and] angular sounds" heard in the song, according to Shapiro. The intro consists of the melodic interval of a tritone or diminished (sometimes called flattened) fifth. Historically, this dissonant interval has been referred to as diabolus in musica (literally "Devil in music"). It is sounded during the first two measures by Hendrix playing a B♭ on guitar against an E played by Redding on bass, followed by the respective octaves. Mitchell on drums comes in for the third measure, when Hendrix introduces the riff that piqued Chandler's interest, and Redding continues playing the octaves in E.

After the riff, the verse sections begin, which Shadwick describe as "simplicity itself, consisting of just three chords": E7♯9, G, and A. The E7♯9, or dominant seventh sharp ninth chord, has come to be called the "Hendrix chord" by guitarists and was used primarily in rhythm and blues and jazz before Hendrix helped popularize it. He also used an unconventional fingering technique for the G and A chords. Because Hendrix used his thumb to fret the roots of the G and A chords on the sixth string, his fingers were left in a position to create different chord voicings. Instead of the usual G barre chord (G–D–G–B–D–G), a G5 (G–X–G–G–D–G) is sometimes played with the major third (B) being muted on the fifth string and replaced by the open third string (G). Redding follows the chord changes mostly by playing the root with occasional passing notes, while Mitchell heightens the tension with drum flourishes that accentuate Hendrix's vocal and guitar.

Biographer David Henderson describes Hendrix's guitar tone as "at the razor edge of distort". However, individual notes are still clear, as well as the harmonically more complex chords, even with the use of extreme overdrive for the time. The tension is maintained until the guitar solo, which "arrives as something of a release rather than a further racking up of the atmosphere." It is also when Hendrix first introduces the Octavia, coupled with a Fuzz Face distortion unit. Whitehill describes the solo as "almost sound[ing] likes he's playing a blues raga. He starts out playing in the Mixolydian mode and then he goes right into the blues side.  The Octavia has the effect of a sitar, kind of like Ravi Shankar meets B.B. King." During the song's outro, the guitar part recorded at 7½ inches per second (ips) played back at 15 ips, is combined with the Octavia, further extending the guitar's upper frequency range. Henderson describes it as "an uncanny piercing tone that takes off, Eastern-sounding beyond the range of the guitar" and, according to Shadwick, "gives the impression that the guitar notes are flying off into the ether."

Releases and charts
On March 17, 1967, "Purple Haze" was released in the UK as the first single on Track Records. Another Hendrix composition, the R&B-influenced "51st Anniversary" was included as the B-side. Paul McCartney, who was an early Hendrix supporter, gave the record an enthusiastic pre-release review in Melody Maker. The single entered the charts at number 39 on Record Mirror and at number 43 on Melody Maker. It peaked at number three and spent 14 weeks on the chart. During March 1967, several performances of "Purple Haze" were filmed to promote the song and used for television programs, such as Beat-Club, Dee Time, and Top of the Pops. Live performances were also broadcast on German NDR and BBC Radio's Saturday Club. In 2022, the British Phonographic Industry awarded "Purple Haze" its Gold certification, signifying sales of over 400,000.

For the American single, Reprise Records paired the song with "The Wind Cries Mary". It was released on June 19, 1967, the day following the Experience's performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. The single entered the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart on August 26, where it spent eight weeks and reached number 65. "Purple Haze" was included as the opening track on the American release of Are You Experienced on August 23, 1967. Because of the song's airplay on underground FM radio, the album became more popular than Hendrix's singles.

One of Hendrix's most popular songs, "Purple Haze" appears on numerous compilation albums. Some of these include Smash Hits, The Essential Jimi Hendrix, The Singles Album, Kiss the Sky, Cornerstones: 1967–1970, The Ultimate Experience, Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix, Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection, and The Singles Collection. An alternative version recorded at the same time, but with different vocal and guitar overdubs, is the first song on The Jimi Hendrix Experience 2000 box set. Live recordings of "Purple Haze" as performed by each of the different Hendrix lineups have been released. These include Live at Monterey (the Experience), Live at Woodstock (Gypsy Sun and Rainbows), Live at the Fillmore East (Band of Gypsys), and Live at Berkeley (the Cry of Love touring group). Additional live recordings with the Experience appear on Winterland (2011 Billboard number 49 album) and Miami Pop Festival (2013 Billboard number 39 album).

Recognition and influence
In March 2005, Q magazine ranked "Purple Haze" at number one in its list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks Ever!" The song placed at number two on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time" list, which noted that the song "unveiled a new guitar language charged with spiritual hunger and the poetry possible in electricity and studio technology". It also appeared at number 17 on the magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list in 2004, with the comment that "it launched not one but two revolutions: late-Sixties psychedelia and the unprecedented genius of Jimi Hendrix". It was re-ranked to number 250 on the 2021 edition of the list. Author and music critic Dave Marsh called it the "debut single of the Album Rock Era". In 1995, "Purple Haze" was included as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". NPR named the song to its list of the "100 Most Important American Musical Works of the 20th Century" in 2000. In 2000, it was given a Grammy Hall of Fame Award, which "honor[s] recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance". In 2020, Far Out ranked the song number one on their list of the 20 greatest Jimi Hendrix songs, and in 2021, American Songwriter ranked the song number two on their list of the 10 greatest Jimi Hendrix songs.

Many musicians have recorded their interpretations of the song, making it one of Hendrix's most covered songs. Dion DiMucci included an acoustic version with strings on his 1968 comeback album Dion. Released as a single in 1969, it appeared at number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100, which was two positions higher than Hendrix' single in 1967. In Canada, where Hendrix's single did not reach the charts, Dion's version reached number 72. Also with a new arrangement, the Cure recorded it for the various artist's Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix in 1993. Their rendition reached number two on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks alternative rock chart. "Purple Haze" has achieved an unusual level of interest among classical musicians. The Meridian Arts Ensemble, the Hampton String Quartet, and Nigel Kennedy have recorded their interpretations and the Kronos Quartet often play it as an encore.

title: Purple Haze


text:
Fishing industry

The fishing industry includes any industry or activity that takes, cultures, processes, preserves, stores, transports, markets or sells fish or fish products. It is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, as well as the related harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. The livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends directly or indirectly on fisheries and aquaculture.

The fishing industry is struggling with environmental and welfare issues, including overfishing and occupational safety. Additionally, the combined pressures of climate change, biodiversity loss and overfishing endanger the livelihoods and food security of a substantial portion of the global population.

Sectors

The industry has three principal sectors that include recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing.

Other slightly different definitions exist, for example the Australian government uses:
 * The commercial sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the seafood industry, although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products.
 * The traditional sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions.
 * The recreational sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale.

World production
Fish are harvested by commercial fishing and aquaculture.

The world harvest increased over the 20th century and, by 1986, had stabilized around 85–95 e6MT per year. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of 93.3 e6MT captured by commercial fishing in wild fisheries, plus 48.1 e6MT produced by fish farms. In addition, 1.3 e6MT of aquatic plants (seaweed etc.) were captured in wild fisheries and 14.8 e6MT were produced by aquaculture. The number of individual fish caught in the wild has been estimated at 0.97–2.7 trillion per year (not counting fish farms or marine invertebrates).

Following is a table of the 2011 world fishing industry harvest in tonnes (metric tons) by capture and by aquaculture.

Related industries
Once fish is caught, especially in commercial sectors, bringing the fish to consumers require a complex series of related industries.

Fish processing
Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold wholesale to grocery chains or to intermediaries.

Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on fishing vessels, fish processing vessels, and at fish processing plants.

Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.

Fish products
Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's protein. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes shellfish, crustaceans, sea cucumber, jellyfish and roe.

Fish and other marine life can also be used for many other uses: pearls and mother-of-pearl, sharkskin and rayskin. Sea horses, star fish, sea urchins and sea cucumber are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tyrian purple is a pigment made from marine snails, and sepia is a pigment made from the inky secretions of cuttlefish. Fish glue has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. Isinglass is used for the clarification of wine and beer. Fish emulsion is a fertilizer emulsion that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for fish oil and fish meal.

Fish derived protein hydrolysates have been identified to exhibit a wide range of bioactivities making them important to food and health care industries. Hydrolysates derived from fish processing by-products like swim bladder, skin, scale, bones and fins display blood pressure regulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activity. Fish hydrolysates are also on the rise for commercial purposes in food industries due to their lipid peroxidation inhibition, high emulsification activity and large water retention capacity making them effective food matrix stabilization and shelf life enhancement agents.

In the industry, the term seafood products is often used instead of fish products.

Fish marketing
Fish markets are marketplace used for the trade in and sale of fish and other seafood. They can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet market, often sell street food as well.

Most shrimp are sold frozen and are marketed in different categories. The live food fish trade is a global system that links fishing communities with markets.

International disputes
The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface and 80% of the value of exploited marine resources are attributed to the fishing industry. The fishing industry has provoked various international disputes as wild fish capture rose to a peak about the end of the 20th century, and has since started a gradual decline. Iceland, Japan, and Portugal are the greatest consumers of seafood per capita in the world.

Disputes in the Americas
Chile and Peru are countries with high fish consumption, and therefore had troubles regarding their fish industries. In 1947, Chile and Peru first adopted the 200 nautical mile standard as their exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and in 1982, the UN formally adopted this term. In the 2000s, Chile and Peru suffered a serious fish crisis because of excessive fishing and lack of proper regulations, and now. From the late 1950s, offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part, leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass. The stock collapsed to extremely low levels in the early 1990s and this is a well-known example of non-excludable, non-rivalrous public good in economics, causing free-rider problems.

Following the collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery in 1992, a dispute arose between Canada and the European Union over the right to fish Greenland halibut (also known as turbot) just outside of Canada's exclusive economic zone in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The dispute became known as the Turbot War. On 9 March 1995, in response to observations of foreign vessels fishing illegally in Canadian waters and using illegal equipment outside of Canada's EEZ, Canadian officials boarded and seized the Spanish trawler Estai in international waters on the Grand Banks. Throughout March, the Spanish Navy deployed patrol ships to protect fishing boats in the area, and Canadian forces were authorized to open fire on any Spanish vessel showing its guns. Canada and the European Union reached a settlement on 15 April which led to significant reforms in international fishing agreements.

Disputes in Europe
Iceland is one of the largest consumers in the world and in 1972, a dispute occurred between UK and Iceland because of Iceland's announcement of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to reduce overfishing. This dispute is called the Cod Wars, direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships.

Nowadays in Europe in general, countries are searching for a way to recover their fishing industries. Overfishing of EU fisheries is costing 3.2 billion euros a year and 100,000 jobs according to a report. So Europe is constantly looking for some collective actions that could be taken to prevent overfishing.

Disputes in Asia

Japan, China and Korea are some of the greatest consumers of fish, and have some disputes over Exclusive Economic Zone. In 2011, due to a serious earthquake, the nuclear power facility in Fukushima was damaged. A huge amount of contaminated water leaked and entered the ocean. Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site. In the Kuroshio Current, the sea near Fukushima, about 11 countries catch fish. Not only the surrounding countries such as Japan, Korea and China, but also the countries like Ukraine, Spain and Russia have boats in the Kuroshio Current. In September 2013, South Korea banned all fish imports from eight Japanese prefectures, due to the radioactive water leaks from the Fukushima nuclear plant.

The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission: NPFC was established in 2015 to manage fish stocks against increasing demand. Members are Canada, Japan, Russia, the United States, and South Korea. China, Taiwan, and Vanuatu also participated in the meeting. The NPFC imposes catch limits on member countries and countries participating in the conference. A crackdown on Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) vendors was also requested.

Global goals
International policy to attempt to address these issues is captured in Sustainable Development Goal 14 ("Life below water") and its Target 14.4 on "Sustainable fishing": "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".

Standards and labelling
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of experts or Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.

title: Fishing industry


text:
User talk:BrendanRyan

Featured article for December 25th
I noticed you have listed yourself in Category:Atheist Wikipedians. That said, you will probably be interested in my suggested featured article for December 25th: Omnipotence paradox. The other suggestion being supported by others for that date is Christmas, although Raul654 has historically been against featuring articles on the same day as their anniversary/holiday. — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-11-28 08:07

Child of Deaf Adult
I have noticed that you are affiliated with sign language in one way or another. The article on CODAs needs quite a bit of work, and I think is an important article to have as a part of Wikipedia. I would like to invite you to participate in making it a better article. — Esprit15d 20:21, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Furry

Terametres
Terametres are a trillion metres, or a billion km. Even Eris is only about 3 billion km out; 6452 billion km would put Haumea out near Sedna!  Serendi pod ous  22:33, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok I put a message on your page to explain why I changed to tera, 43 AU converts to 6 1/2 billion kilometers, so it's 6 1/2 trillion meters.--BrendanRyan (talk) 22:45, 20 February 2009 (UTC)
 * All you did was change Gm to Tm. You didn't change the numbers to go with it. Haumea's SM axis is listed on the page as 6452 Gm, or 6.452 Tm. When you changed Gm to Tm you changed 6.452 Tm to 6452 Tm, which is a thousand times more. Gm is the standard distance used in Wikipedia planet userboxes, so should be kept for consistency's sake.  Serendi pod ous  22:49, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh I see. I was reading it as 6.452 and see it's just 6452. Thanks.--BrendanRyan (talk) 22:52, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

You're invited! New England Wikimedia General Meeting
Message delivered by Dominic at 08:29, 11 April 2012 (UTC). Note: You can remove your name from this meetup invite list here.

2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting
You are invited to the 2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting, on 20 July 2013 in Boston! We will be talking about the future of the chapter, including GLAM, Wiki Loves Monuments, and where we want to take our chapter in the future! EdwardsBot (talk) 09:39, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

New England Wikipedia Day @ MIT: Saturday Jan 18
(You can unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by removing your name from this list.)

You're invited!
(You can unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by removing your name from this list.)

Brattleboro meetup
Hi! I saw that your mentioned living in Vermont. I am going to be visiting the Brattleboro in May, before I move there in August and I wanted to see if anyone would be interested in doing a Wikimedia meetup there during my May visit. If you are interested, it would be great if you responding at the event page at Meetup/Brattleboro to help me schedule such a meetup! Sadads (talk) 18:42, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

This Friday: Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Cambridge, MA
You are invited to join the Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Cambridge, MA on October 16! (drop-in any time, 6-9pm)--Pharos (talk) 18:27, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Sunday July 16: New England Wiknic @ Cambridge, MA
(You can subscribe/unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by adding or removing your name from this list.)

Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

title: User talk:BrendanRyan


text:
User talk:R84x

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title: User talk:R84x


text:
National Catholic Forensic League

The National Catholic Forensic League (NCFL) is a speech and debate league that was formed in 1951. It is organized into regions that correspond to Roman Catholic dioceses. Member schools include both public and parochial high schools. The NCFL recruits member schools in both the United States and Canada. As of January, 2011, there were 65 active dioceses with NCFL leagues. The IRS recognizes the NCFL as an organization eligible to receive tax-deductible charitable donations.

The NCFL sponsors the Grand National Speech and Debate Tournament held each year over Memorial Day weekend. It offers an array of events similar, but not identical, to those of the National Speech and Debate Association.

NCFL Tournament
Due to the Coronavirus, the organisation was forced to not host their national tournament. This was incredibly historic as it was the first time in history the NCFL was unable to do so. After virtually hosting the tournament online in 2021, normal operation procedures followed in the time since then, as of March 2024.

Events

 * Dramatic Performance – A ten-minute memorized performance of a dramatic or humorous selection of literature.
 * Duo Interpretation of Literature – A ten-minute memorized performance of a dialogue, story, or script by two performers, who are required to maintain off-stage focus and to not look at or touch each other.
 * Oral Interpretation of Literature – A ten-minute reading event, alternating between Prose and Poetry each round.
 * Extemporaneous Speaking – A seven-minute analytical / persuasive speech on a question of current events, given with only 30 minutes' prior notice.
 * Oratorical Declamation – A ten-minute memorized performance of a historical speech, commencement address or former competition speech to be delivered as if it were the speaker's own address. Limited to freshmen and sophomores.
 * Original Oratory – A ten-minute memorized original speech delivered to inspire or persuade the audience.
 * Lincoln-Douglas Debate – 1v1 Value debate on a topic chosen by the NCFL specifically for the Grand National Tournament. Four Minutes of preparation time is allotted to each debater per debate. The focus of the debate is on the philosophical ramifications of affirming or negating the resolution.
 * Policy Debate – Two-person, switch-side, cross-examination debate, with five minutes of preparation time per team, on the national topic.
 * Public Forum Debate – A team event that advocates or rejects a position posed by the resolution. The focus of the debate is a clash of ideas in a persuasive manner that can be understood by a "lay" judge. Side and speaking order are assigned to each team every round in order to ensure students have the opportunity to debate both sides of a topic.
 * Student Congress – Mock legislative sessions where students debate bills and resolutions submitted by schools from participating dioceses.

National tournament sites

 * 1952 Brooklyn, New York
 * 1953 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * 1954 Cleveland, Ohio
 * 1955 Brooklyn, New York
 * 1956 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * 1957 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * 1958 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1959 Washington, District of Columbia
 * 1960 New York, New York
 * 1961 Baltimore, Maryland
 * 1962 Miami, Florida
 * 1963 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * 1964 Denver, Colorado
 * 1965 Brooklyn, New York
 * 1966 Miami, Florida
 * 1967 Camden, New Jersey
 * 1968 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1969 Washington, District of Columbia
 * 1970 Miami, Florida
 * 1971 New Orleans, Louisiana
 * 1972 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * 1973 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1974 New Orleans, Louisiana
 * 1975 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * 1976 Detroit, Michigan
 * 1977 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * 1978 Washington, District of Columbia
 * 1979 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * 1980 Boston/Worcester, Massachusetts
 * 1981 New York, New York
 * 1982 Detroit, Michigan
 * 1983 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1984 Cincinnati, Ohio
 * 1985 Miami, Florida
 * 1986 Baltimore, Maryland
 * 1987 Buffalo, New York
 * 1988 New Orleans, Louisiana
 * 1989 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * 1990 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1991 New York City, New York
 * 1992 Arlington, Virginia
 * 1993 Boca Raton, Florida
 * 1994 Oshkosh, Wisconsin
 * 1995 Chicago, Illinois
 * 1996 Topeka, Kansas
 * 1997 Baltimore, Maryland
 * 1998 Detroit, Michigan
 * 1999 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2000 Rochester, New York
 * 2001 New York City, New York
 * 2002 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * 2003 Arlington, Virginia
 * 2004 Boston, Massachusetts
 * 2005 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * 2006 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2007 Houston, Texas
 * 2008 Appleton, Wisconsin
 * 2009 Albany, New York
 * 2010 Omaha, Nebraska
 * 2011 Washington, D.C.
 * 2012 Baltimore, Maryland
 * 2013 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * 2014 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2015 Fort Lauderdale, Florida
 * 2016 Sacramento, California
 * 2017 Louisville, Kentucky
 * 2018 Washington, D.C.
 * 2019 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * 2020 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2021 Online
 * 2022 Washington, D.C.
 * 2023 Louisville, Kentucky
 * 2024 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2025 Chicago, Illinois
 * 2026 Washington, D.C.
 * 2027 Minneapolis, Minnesota

National tournament director
Past National Tournament Directors

Congressional Debate

 * 1992 — J. Matthew Knight, Lake Highland Preparatory School, FL
 * 1994 — Chris Dorworth, Colonial High School, FL
 * 1995 – Bill Gallagher, Xavier High School, NY
 * 1996 – Duarte Gerladino, Brooklyn Technical High School, NY
 * 1997 – Sean Carmody, Pleasantville High School, NY
 * 1998 – Seth Green, Taravella High School, FL
 * 1999 – Matt Brennan, Iona Preparatory, NY
 * 2000 – Ian Amelkin, Stoneman Douglas High School
 * 2001 – Matt Spritz, Nova High School, FL
 * 2002 – Scott Jacobsin, Nova High School, FL
 * 2003 – Daniel Chapanian, Shrewsbury High School, MA
 * 2004 – Matt Turetzky, Nova High School, FL
 * 2005 – Results unavailable
 * 2006 – Colin Outerbridge, Trinity Preparatory, FL
 * 2007 – Sundeep Iyer, Ridge High School, NJ
 * 2008 – Ben Berkman, Nova High School
 * 2009 – Harlan Downs Tepper, Stuyvesant High School, NY
 * 2010 – Alex Smyk, Ridge High School, NJ
 * 2011 – Morgan Baskin, American Heritage, FL
 * 2012 – Results unavailable
 * 2013 – Michael Cervino, Ridge High School, NJ
 * 2014 – Nic Gerard, Shrewsbury High School, MA
 * 2015 – Carla Troconis, East Chapel Hill, NC
 * 2016 - Katherine Klienle, Ridge High School, NJ
 * 2017 - Muhammad Naeen, Western High School, FL
 * 2018 - Gabrielle Cabeza, Western High School, FL
 * 2019 - Nathan Felmus, Bronx High School of Science, NY
 * 2021 - Olivia Pasquerella, Loyola School, NY
 * 2022 - Ben Bressette, Broad Run High School, VA
 * 2023 - Kadin Collier, Oak Grove High School, MS

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

 * 1988 – Lisa Nass, Miami Beach High School, Miami Beach, FL
 * 1989 – David Kennedy, Regis High School, New York, NY
 * 1990 – Jeremi Suri, Stuyvesant High School, New York, NY
 * 1991 – Mark Wunderlich, Walter Johnson High School, Bethesda, MD
 * 1992 – Jerry Vildostegui, Miami Beach High School, Miami Beach, FL
 * 1993 – Christopher J. Regan, Bishop Kearney High School, Irondequoit, NY
 * 1994 – Elizabeth Rogers, Shenendehowa High School, Clifton Park, NY
 * 1995 – Derek D. Smith, Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD
 * 1996 – Randall Martinez, Christopher Columbus High School, Miami, Florida
 * 1997 – Mac Hawkins, Lagrange High School, Lake Charles, LA
 * 1998 – Chetan Hertzig, Lexington High School, Lexington, MA
 * 1999 – Elizabeth O'Connor, Hunter College High School, New York, NY
 * 2000 – Kevin Farrell, Elk Grove High School, Chicago, Illinois
 * 2001 – Benjamin Rothstein, Milton Academy, Boston, MA
 * 2002 – Duncan Cooper, St. John's Preparatory School, Boston, MA
 * 2003 – Nina Thanawala, Ridge High School, Basking Ridge, NJ
 * 2004 – Tara Tedrow, Celebration High School, Orlando, FL
 * 2005 – Tara Tedrow, Celebration High School, Orlando, FL
 * 2006 – Caitlin Halpern, W.T. Woodson High School, Arlington, VA
 * 2007 – Ryan Zehner, Saint Joseph's Preparatory School, Philadelphia, PA
 * 2008 – Ellen Noble, Walt Whitman High School, Bethesda, MD
 * 2009 – Karlyn Gorski, Perkioman Valley High School, Philadelphia, PA
 * 2010 – Stephanie Franklin, Walt Whitman High School, Bethesda, MD
 * 2011 – Allison Douglis, Ridge High School, Basking Ridge, NJ
 * 2012 – Katelyn Sheehan, Lake Braddock Secondary School, Arlington, VA
 * 2013 – Austin Cohen, Elk Lake High School, Dimock, PA
 * 2014 – Danny DeBois, Harrison High School, Harrison, NY
 * 2015 – Joey Schnide, Evanston Township High School, Evanston, IL
 * 2016 – Nicole Kastelic, Hawken School, Gates Mills, OH
 * 2017 – Maya Arora, Cape Fear Academy, Wilmington, NC
 * 2018 – Eva Lamberson, Canfield High School, Canfield, OH
 * 2019 – Maya Arora, Cape Fear Academy, Wilmington, NC
 * 2021 – Elias Altman, Myers Park High School, Charlotte, NC
 * 2022 – Ryan Si, Hawken School, Gates Mills, OH
 * 2023 – Robert Liu, Durham Academy, Durham, NC

Public Forum Debate

 * 2007 – Dennis Howe and Robert Wyllie, Regis High School, New York, NY
 * 2008- Jonathan Freidman and Jeanine Sinan-Singh, Trinity Preparatory School, Florida
 * 2009 – Danny Welch and Will Miller, Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida
 * 2010 – Bud Peters and Thomas Pigott
 * 2011 – Brian Grumka and Thomas Pigott
 * 2012 - Kyle Newman and Michael Adams, Pinecrest HS, North Carolina
 * 2013 – Cameron Silvergate and Ethan Goldstein
 * 2014 – Tim Perevozchikov and Zach Kirsch, Hawken School, Ohio
 * 2015 – Ben Kessler and Jakob Urda, Stuyvesant HS, New York
 * 2016 - Eitan Ezra and Harrison Hurt, Poly Prep Country Day School, New York City, NY
 * 2017 - Atticus Nelson and Silas Nelson, DeSoto Central High School, Southaven, MS
 * 2018 - Alyson Brusie and Robert Linck, Oxbridge Academy of the Palm Beaches, West Palm Beach, FL
 * 2021 - William Pan and Arvindh Manian, Providence High School, Charlotte NC
 * 2022 - Alex Huang and Michael Hansen, Durham Academy, Durham, NC
 * 2023 - Julien Benchek and Mehul Lakhanpal, Hawken School, OH

Policy Debate

 * 2014 - Anav Sharma and Aditya Rout, St. Francis Mountain View HS, Mountain View, CA
 * 2015 - Henry Walter and Ali Dastjerdi, Shawnee Mission East HS, Prairie Village, KS
 * 2016 - Saif Bajwa and Daniel Birzer, Blue Valley West HS, Overland Park, KS
 * 2017 – Stephen Lowe and Danish Kahn, Blue Valley Southwest HS, Overland Park, KS
 * 2018 - Sumaya Hussaini and Rachel Holzer, Blue Valley Southwest HS, Overland Park, KS
 * 2019 - Jet Semrick and Luke Bledsoe, Shawnee Mission East HS, Prairie Village, KS
 * 2021 - Jasleen Randhawa and Daksh Jain, Silver Creek HS, San Jose, CA
 * 2022 - Clare Bradley and Brooklynn Hato, Shawnee Mission South, Overland Park, KS
 * 2023 - Jeremiah Rimpson and Maddie Augustine, Shawnee Mission South, Overland Park, KS

title: National Catholic Forensic League


text:
Andrea True

Andrea Marie Truden (July 26, 1943 – November 7, 2011), better known by her pseudonym Andrea True, was an American pornographic actress and singer from the disco era. In addition to her given name, she had multiple stage names, including Inger Kissin, Singe Low, Sandra Lips, Andrea Travis, and Catherine Warren. As a singer, she is best known for the 1976 pop-disco hit "More, More, More" (performed as part of her recording project the Andrea True Connection), which peaked at no. 4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and no. 5 on the UK Singles Chart.

Early life
Andrea Marie Truden was born in Nashville, Tennessee, where she attended St. Cecilia Academy, a Catholic school for girls dedicated to the performing arts. She studied music at George Peabody College at Vanderbilt University. Her father, Frank, was an engineer, and he died when True was 16 years old. Her mother Anne owned a silverplating business and was a professional singer, specializing in polka, who recorded her own record and had performed with Frankie Yankovic's band. Her parents were immigrants from Slovenia.

As a child, True studied classical piano and was given a high rating for her piano audition for St. Cecilia Academy in 1954. At age 15, she hosted her own television program Teen Beat for Nashville station WLAC. While a junior at St. Cecilia, True participated in Junior Achievement, serving as vice-president of a TV production enterprise. In 1960, she received an award for her work from the Radio and Television Council of Middle Tennessee.

In a recorded interview published by The Rialto Report, True stated that she married David L. Wolfe at age 19, leaving college to follow her husband for his academic career, first to Oklahoma and then eventually to New York City in the late 1960s.

Career
True performed in a few pornographic films in Scandinavia in the 1960s and, by the end of the decade, began appearing in American adult films. Her first prominent role was in the film Head Nurse in 1972. She also appeared as an extra in non-adult films The Way We Were and 40 Carats. In 1975, she directed her first pornographic film, Once Over Nightly. Eventually, she performed in more than fifty hardcore porn films throughout the 1970s and early to mid-1980s in the early New York adult film industry.

During her heyday as a porn actress, around 1975, True was hired by a real estate business in Jamaica to appear in their commercials. While she was working there, the Jamaican government banned asset transfers in response to sanctions imposed by the U.S. after the election of Michael Manley, a supporter of Fidel Castro. In order to return to the U.S., True would have had to either forfeit her pay or spend the money before she went home. True, who by this time was trying to break into the music industry, chose to invest the money in recording a demo of "More, More, More", a song she had been working on with record producer Gregg Diamond, her partner in a project called The Andrea True Connection. Remixed by recording engineer Tom Moulton, "More, More, More" became a favorite in nightclubs. It reached no. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, no. 1 on the U.S. disco chart, and no. 1 on the national singles chart in Canada. It also peaked at no. 5 in the UK and no. 9 in Germany. A full album with the same title followed, which performed moderately in North America and spawned the second single, "Party Line", a minor chart hit.

By the time of her singing career, True admitted she was burned out and tired of porn, saying, "I'd rather be a waitress or a typist than make another adult film", and also, "Don't think of me as a porn star any more, think of me as a recording star. I just want to record and perform". She was performing extensively and went on to play around 300 shows within a year from June 1976. Andrea True Connection came fifth in ASCAP's ranking of disco artists of the year.

In early 1977, True released the single "N.Y., You Got Me Dancing". It became a considerable hit, reaching no. 27 on Billboard's pop chart and no. 4 on the disco chart. In early 1978, she had another hit with "What's Your Name, What's Your Number", which peaked at no. 56 in the U.S. and no. 34 in the UK. Both singles were included in her second album, White Witch. It was a commercial flop and did not chart due to a lack of promotion from Buddah Records as the label was struggling financially at the time. In 1980, she released her third and final album, War Machine, promoted by the anti-war title song. A more rock and new wave-oriented album, it was released only in Europe, but it flopped.

True never returned to adult film industry and for some time performed in clubs in Florida. After that, a growth developed on her vocal cords that required surgery, essentially ending her singing ability. She did, however, perform two sold-out shows at the Paramount Theater in New York City in 1994, and worked on new music, which eventually never materialised. True received a renewed burst of publicity in 1999 when the Canadian group Len sampled the instrumental break from "More, More, More" in their single "Steal My Sunshine". Subsequently, True appeared on several VH1 specials including 100 Greatest Dance Songs in 2000 ("More, More, More" was the no. 45 greatest dance song), Where Are They Now? and 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders (both in 2002), in which she said she wanted to be remembered as a person who "gave people pleasure" — then emphasized the words — "with my music". She also made an appearance in the 2005 documentary movie Inside Deep Throat.

Later years
In her later years, she was reported as working as a counselor for people struggling with substance abuse, and as an astrologer. "More, More, More" remained a popular song on television and in movies, and True was eventually able to claim outstanding royalties from the track's usage and sales. She spent her final years living in Woodstock, New York, suffering from declining health.

True died on November 7, 2011, at a hospital in Kingston, New York. She was 68 years old. The cause was given as heart failure. In line with her wishes, True's body was cremated.

Partial filmography

 * Head Nurse (1972)
 * Meatball (1972)
 * Devil's Due (1973)
 * Madame Zenobia (1973)
 * Deep Throat Part II (1974)
 * Illusions of a Lady (1974)
 * Lady on the Couch (1974)
 * The Chamber Maids (1974)
 * The Seduction of Lynn Carter (1974)
 * French Wives (1975)
 * Hot Channels (1975)
 * Christy (1975)
 * Keep on Truckin (1975)
 * Every Inch a Lady (1975)
 * Once Over Nightly (1975; also director)
 * Millionairess (1975)
 * Erotic Adventures of Little Orphan Sammy (1976)
 * Mash'd (1976; also director)
 * Winter of 1849 (1976)
 * Summer Session (1978)
 * Debbie Does Las Vegas (1979)

title: Andrea True


text:
User talk:Jp~enwiki

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Pinyin
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Dylanwhs 08:36, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Maltese language
Hi, and thank you for correcting some of the Maltese in a couple of articles! -- pne 14:32, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:Jp~enwiki


text:
User talk:Darkfelin

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here's some tips:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 08:10, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

Welcome! I noticed that you wrote Vroman's Bookstore. A couple of things, first if you have more information, that'd be nice as right now the article risks deletion for lack of information. Second, there shouldn't be an non-encyclopedic comments in articles, this includes "feelings" that you might have and your signature. As for your username, if you want it renamed, read Changing username. Dori | Talk 13:46, Feb 27, 2004 (UTC)

Hey, cute touch about "buying cotton for a living" in your additions to the San Marino, California article. I hope to do that when (if) I grow up. BTW, the Baskin Robbins, B-Man's and Starbucks #2 are outside the city.

title: User talk:Darkfelin


text:
User talk:Leo Okonski

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title: User talk:Leo Okonski


text:
Talk:Enrique Amorim

Le Corbusier
for the monument to García Lorca and the house by Le Corbusier; didn't seem worth noting in the article itself. -- Jmabel 08:12, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Screenwriter?
Is this the same Enrique Amorim who is listed as writing the screenplays for Vacations in the Other World, I Want to Die with You, Cita en la frontera, The Good Doctor, and Kilómetro 111? Aristophanes 68  (talk)  02:08, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Enrique Amorim