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User talk:Holodwig21

 * Thank you!. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 18:04, 14 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Hey, also wanted to say welcome. Thanks for your good work on Gothic! — Mnemosientje (t · c) 20:09, 14 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I have been working on Gothic as a way to help with my own dictionary. Seeing that the Language belong to the Goths, my favourite Germanic tribe, I decided to dedicate some time to fill the red links that I find around Wiktionary and match them with Proto-Germanic. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 21:15, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

Inherited
Please only use for inherited terms, thank you. —Rua (mew) 17:26, 1 October 2018 (UTC)

𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅
Are you certain of this lemma? Both Köbler and Lehmann seem to opt for a plural lemma sarwa, and the few uses in the Gothic Bible do suggest it was used as a plurale tantum (plural Gothic forms translating singular Greek forms), indicating to me that the lemma should indeed be at sarwa. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 13:06, 19 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Likely; After checking more thoroughly I concluded that I'll change the 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 page while having the 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅 deleted. However, should I change the meaning?
 * That resolves it. The meaning seems right to me. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 10:35, 20 June 2019 (UTC)

M:User:Victar/iir-decl-noun
My module M:User:Victar/iir-decl-noun is not finished and is not really to be ported to Iranian. Please don't use it. (Also, yellow? Gross.) -- 17:17, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, I won't use it. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 17:49, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * In addition I was modifying the module so that it wouldn’t be a copy past work but apart from not using it, I need to know two things. If it isn’t finished why is it being used in Proto-Indo-Iranian? And what is wrong with the Module? I would appreciate an explanation. (about the yellow table, I’ll just say that we all have different opinions) . 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 04:33, 28 June 2019 (UTC)
 * It's only being used for certain declensions. -- 05:34, 28 June 2019 (UTC)

Reconstructions
Holodwig, if you create reconstructions for PII and PIr entries, you need to cite them with sources. Also, please be careful with forms that could be secondary. Many suffixes were productive in both branches-- 13:35, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Well I did spent almost an hour trying to find sources for and  but I came across nothing. In Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages Sanskrit  and Avestan  were listed as cognate with Latin  although no reconstructed form was given for the Indo-Iranian form.
 * Concerning, I didn't find any dictionary that i could source, the reference in the page is only for Proto-Iranian, it doesn’t give us the verbal suffix but the root verb, yet it gives us the PIE etymology of the word, for which I found it valuable to cite. Because I don't have access to a dictionary of PII is why I haven't created any more pages. I was already, before you telling me, avoiding the creation of more pages until i could find a etymological dictionary which i could use as source, although i haven't had much luck. In addition, you mention productive suffixes and secondary forms, is this regarding ? 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 14:18, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I've cleaned up and fixed the two entries, adding sources. Please take note and see my edit comments. Thanks. -- 15:07, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for fix, I saw the comments and noted my mistakes, but please don't assume that I neglect sourcing in PII as I already explained; I'm trying to contribute and not the oposite. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 15:20, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * The entries were lacking; I fixed them and brought them to your attention. There was no assumption anywhere. -- 15:33, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * there is no problem with your edits, I am talking about your comment in where you said "User:Holodwig21 you confused two different Skt words. Also, you neglected to add any sources" you said I neglected but that isn’t what happen. To me that means I didn’t care much about adding a source. Maybe I’m taking the word "neglected" too serious, if so than I apologize. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 15:49, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I often neglect to bring an umbrella on a rainy day. :p -- 15:57, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok Thanks for clarifiying. Since your here I want to mention something, in you give Proto-Germanic  but in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic it gives as neuter, . The former has no link while the latter has, since the former is sourced on the page but the source gives us the latter, is there a reason for keping ? Just wondering. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 16:14, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bringing that to my attention. I've gone ahead and fixed it. -- 16:28, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * You're Welcome! 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 16:49, 30 June 2019 (UTC)

Celtic entries
When adding Celtic entries, please desc in the descendants list, particularly cel-bry-pro, and don't bother adding Goidelic, nor should you be adding sources to attested forms, unless it's some unusual form or (re)borrowing, or something. -- 23:48, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, but do we even have information for reconstructing those Proto-Brythonic words? Either way I have no problem in adding the cel-bry-pro and of doing the rest. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 00:41, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
 * We reconstruct Proto-Brythonic all the time. If you don't have the know-how to do so, just leave them blank for someone else to fill in. -- 00:45, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok :) .𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 00:49, 27 August 2019 (UTC)

Celtic declension
Holodwig21, what are your sources for your Celtic declension tables templates? -- 23:46, 28 August 2019 (UTC)
 * for the o masculine stem i took the ending from which weren't added by me and were there since 2017. Regarding the o neuter stem i just changed the Nominative, Vocative, Accusative singular and plural. I only used the wikipedia article  for the neuter plural Locative. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 23:59, 28 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I'd like to recommend that before you add any more declension templates for any language, you consult some published works first. Wikipedia should never be a primary source. -- 00:27, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * The only one that I took from Wikipedia was the neuter plural Locative and that's is why I added a"?". But if this is unethical I will remove the neuter plural Locative. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 00:46, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Regarding sources, is there any Gaulish I could use that isn't Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental?, because I haven't been able to access that particular book. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 01:03, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * It's online. Try searching around some more. -- 01:13, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks for the advice. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 01:15, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * For when you can't find a book simply by Googling, I'll give you a hint: I have heard pirates speak of an arcane library named after the first book of the Old Testament, where scholarly works are shared by all and paid for by none. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 10:14, 1 September 2019 (UTC)
 * hahaha :), thanks for the information however, I had already stubled upon this arcane library and others similar to it, after this discussion. Still, Thanks for the information! 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 19:51, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

Entry formatting
Hello again. I wanted to go over someone of the formatting you used on : -- 20:31, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Because R:cel:EDPC does not explicitly reconstruct *Gabromagos, it should instead be cited to the etymology, or perhaps placed under as ===Further reading=== section if cognates are also listed. (Also, why are you using R:cel:Matasovic 2009 and not R:cel:EDPC?)
 * desctree shouldn't be used when then entry has no descendants, and especially when no entry exists. We also generally don't use desctree for borrowings.
 * 1 needs to be used to indicate borrowings.
 * I could be wrong, but I don't think adding Windischgarsten is appropriate in the case, because it's a completely separate word. Perhaps it would be better for under Further reading, if at all.
 * The source works to explain where I got the word, of course most of the Gaulish words given are written in Latin phrases so I barely have the original meaning. Whenever it's place in the etymology section, the title, or in further reading I really don't mind, perhaps the former is better given the source is of Proto-Celtic entries, so long as I can state "I took it from here ..." I'm fine with any method. (Right now I use R:cel:EDPC, the only time I didn't was before, so many of my entries have R:cel:Matasovic 2009, or is the  also part of the latter?
 * The desctree and forgetting the 1 are mistakes that are a result of my careleness, I'll try to be more attentive in dealing with this.
 * The Wikipedia article only served to given more information about the city. It's true that Windischgarsten isn't the Gabromagos but I don't want to leave readers with a vague knowledge of what Gabromagos is or was, some information on the city exists in the Wikipedia article (dunno if it's true), but it could also help the readers know were Gabromagos was located (or was near what), since cities don't usually move drastically from place to place (although exception occur, especially with Aeminium and Conimbriga). 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 21:06, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Adding the source behind the head implies that the reconstruction can be sound is said source. If it does not contain the reconstruction, that should not be done. Period. Full stop. You are linking to Windischgarsten in the definition and that's plenty information. We're not Wikipedia here. R:cel:Matasovic 2009 is the old template name. Please use R:cel:EDPC instead. -- 21:13, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I saw the usage of R:cel:Matasovic 2009 in my Gaulish entries therefore, I went and fixed some already. When I have the time I´ll fix all my older entries still using the older template. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 21:22, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * No problem, not such a big deal, really (thus the small text), and no real need to go back and fix old entries (unless you want to).
 * I also want to point out that Gaulish is, for the most part, unattested. is strictly a Latin word borrowed from Gaulish and not Gaulish itself, so you could source the Latin borrowing, but we generally don't cite attested words in descendants lists as that's something that should instead be on the entry itself as a quote. The most important thing to source is the etymology (after the reconstruction itself), which is why I moved it to there. --  21:25, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, I already move most (I think all) of my sources in Gaulish to the etymology section like in . 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 21:34, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * 👍 -- 21:47, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Don't worry I´ll fixed them in an instant :) .𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 21:49, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Done! 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 22:08, 29 August 2019 (UTC)

Please take note of some of your formatting mistakes. -- 19:30, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

Proto-Celtic words with a single line of descent
It's probably for the best that PC words with a single line of descent be kept to etymologies. For instance, would be better found at  since it has no extra-Brythonic cognates and is likely a Germanic borrowing. Other words might be secondary derivatives specific to that child language. -- 05:49, 6 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Sure, no Problem. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 07:47, 6 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I want to state something about the situation.
 * I think it would be better if we make this policy public so as to tell people why PC words with a single line of descent don't have pages of their own or why they shouldn't be created.
 * I also think that PC words that have cognates in other Indo-European languages should be kept, e.x. 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 who have very similar meaning and could likely be inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Essentially words that in Proto-Celtic were inherited by one branch but were once widespread in Proto-Indo-European.
 * Lastly I want to thank you for moving these pages. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 04:51, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
 * About, Matasović, said the word had likely Gaulish origin, but as far as I can tell he wasn't sure of his reconstruction. I don't know anything about French sound changes so I can't verify it derives from that specific word, so I'll leave the judgement to you. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 04:56, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Can you be 100% sure these words existed in Proto-Celtic? Even though they may have direct cognates, that doesn't mean they aren't newly built when you're dealing with productive suffixes, or even borrowings. -- 15:51, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I think should be deleted and that reconstruction moved to the etymology of the Irish entry, with a mention of a possible cognate in French. You created the entry, so you should be the one to mark if for deletion if you agree. --  15:56, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
 * No I can't be 100% sure, but productivity of a suffix, IMO, doesn't assure us that the word was newly built or existed long ago. As far as I can tell, they could have existed during the period the suffix was productive, which could span the Proto-Indo-European period to the (Proto-Brythonic period? I don't know when the suffix stopped being productive).
 * Regarding, could Matasović be talking about a Romagnol word?, he gives the word with underdots and says it belongs to a French dialect, I never seen French use underdots before so I never included them, but I wonder why he used them. While Romagnol isn't a French dialect it belongs to the Gallo-Romance branch, the same as French (maybe this is too far fetched); just want to make sure that it is a real French word. In addition seem to have been formed in a similar manner to , so maybe it was inherited; Matasović speaks of the "pst" cluster being simplified in various daughter languages, he also poses the possibility of it being simplified in Proto-Indo-European. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 06:20, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The thing to keep in mind is that you want to assume the least you can. What we can say is that a PBr form existed. We can't say the same for PC if there are no cognates outside of Brythonic, and just as we don't reconstruct PIE words like for internet,, in principle, may never have exited, especially when you take productive suffixes and borrowings into account. (I did however create a new entry for  based on some strong evidence.)
 * Any way you try and pretty up that pig, Holodwig21, it's a pig, and it belongs as a footnote, not as a serious reconstruction. -- 07:17, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Looking at the Matasović, I notice he also gives however, I can't remember the reason why I never added it (I'm sure I didn't ignore the word, since I have it in my Gaulish word list). (Also, why no inflection table?) 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 08:31, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-tlom
Holodwig21, for suffixes and prefix entries, only include descendants that are productive and please include sources that state that they're productive. See. I think it also goes now without saying, don't create blank entries, like you did for the Irish entries. -- 09:46, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "only include descendants that are productive" When was this a policy? I don't even see the benefit of doing this. For example, Lets imagine the English suffix had stop being productive in Old English, all words suffixed with -ness (found only in English) were formed in Old English and that these words were inherited by Middle English and English; having 🇨🇬 without a descendant list would give the idea that every word with 🇨🇬 had ceased to exists and weren't inherited by Middle English or English. A better option is to have a note saying "obsolete" or some information that clarifies the situation of the suffix in that/those specific daughter language(s). (I've removed the Irish entries and I´ll add sources for the others if I find them.) 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 11:05, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I think that in this case there's a bit of a disconnect between theory and practice: I have seen people focussing on older languages and etymology advocate the view Victar is espousing here, yet we also have an entry for Modern English for example (cf. also the entry  which lists this non-productive suffix) and many others like it. I don't think we have a policy on the inclusion of non-productive suffixes, and I think there is a case to be made (although I am not sure if I am convinced by it) for their inclusion for the purposes of synchronically identifying how a word relates to others in a language. Certainly there is plenty of precedent for the inclusion of non-productive suffixes. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 12:16, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Here's a simple way to look at it: Two core tenets of Wikt are a) never create links to entries that shouldn't exist, and b) only create entries that could pass WT:CFI. So now we have to ask ourselves, is 🇨🇬 fit for a dictionary? If not, it shouldn't be in a descendants list.
 * To cite another somewhat relative example I gave recently, it would be bad form if we created entries like Punjabi because of  or Uyghur  because of . --  17:54, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * If 🇨🇬 serves a similar purpose as then I would see no danger in it. Having a page stating that "This suffix is no longer productive" won't cause confusion and would kill false hopes. IMO, the note strategy (no page but a note in the Proto-Celtic entry) is the best strategy to avoid any misunderstanding.
 * I agreed with your example, but they aren't daughter language of Latin, Greek or English so I would never even consider listing them nor creating a page.
 * My main argument for including them is to show how the suffix developed in the daughter languages even if it wasn't productive. wasn't even productive in Proto-Germanic yet it has its own page and with it a decedants list. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 19:00, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * But it doesn't and your argument doesn't hold weight. If you add 🇨🇬 to a word in Welsh, people will not have an understanding of what you're doing. This is made more pronounced by the fact that PIE was very much subject to it's environment, and in many cases, it has been come unrecognizable in modern Celtic languages. I would even question if the suffix was productive in PC. If you can't even prove that, that's like creating English entries for PG . --  19:10, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Nor would English speakers understand or  being adding to a word.
 * Doesn't Proto-Celtic have suffixed words that other languages don't?, just because 🇨🇬 has different forms, in compound words, because of its environment isn't a reason to suspect unproductivity (certainly in the Modern langauge but this doesn't hold true in Proto-Celtic), there are suffixes and preffixes that change because of their environment; there was 🇨🇬,,  depending on the preceding consonant, there is also the different forms of 🇨🇬 based on the following consonant.
 * I ain't convinced by your argument but, I will remove the Welsh forms nonetheless. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 20:07, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * English  spans the 15th c. to modern day and what was productive in 1476, might not be productive today. At no stange in Welsh as a language does it appear that -thl was productive. If you look at the few examples of PC *-trom, if they don't have direct PIE cognates (/), their etymologies are often ambiguous . --  20:34, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * wait, what? I wasn't arguing for the productivity of PC *-trom, nor had I even heard of it; only of 🇨🇬, which is in the title and which derives from 🇨🇬 an alternative of 🇨🇬, thereby my assumption you were referring to "*-tlom". The *-trom may have well been a relic from Proto-Indo-European but, I don't what to present explanation since I don't know much about its situation nor have I even seen what experts say about it. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 21:02, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm referring to both. -- 21:13, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I can't defend the PC *-trom, what I can only say is that Proto-Celtic carries some words with, and if those words don't have cognates in other Indo-European branches I would say they were built by the Proto-Celtic speakers. Until there is evidence that they are relics, I think it is premature to consider the suffix unproductive. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 06:37, 10 September 2019 (UTC)

Proto-West Germanic
We now have Proto-West Germanic as a separate language on Wiktionary. From now on, could you group all West Germanic languages under a branch? You can leave the term empty if you don't know it, it'll put them in a category for others to look at. —Rua (mew) 14:53, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Sure, no problem. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 18:42, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

Ringe notes that and  both preserve the linking vowel in OHG after a light syllable, and Old Dutch must have preserved it too judging by the Middle Dutch form. That suggests that such vowels were still present in PWG, even -a- which was lost word-finally. So this word was probably still at that point too. —Rua (mew) 10:55, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I actually intended to write it with a linking vowel. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 10:59, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * No need to apologise, it wasn't criticism. :) —Rua (mew) 11:00, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I understood you weren’t criticizing me. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 11:07, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

PIE *ǵebʰ- "branch"?
Holodwig21, I'm not sure if that's the same 🇨🇬 that you have referred to in 🇨🇬, but in the context of Balto-Slavic I've seen this root reconstructed with the meaning "to munch, to chew": 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,. Apparently, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬 also belong there. Are you sure this is not the same root as in *kabalaz? Безименен 18:45, 26 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I have my doubt about 🇨🇬 being from 🇨🇬. Proto-Germanic would require as  would result in 🇨🇬. In regards to 🇨🇬; Kroonen list 🇨🇬 as cognate so I assume the root from which  and  derived already meant "stick, branch". I'm guessing by this that they aren't from the same root.  𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 00:57, 27 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it seems so. Afterwards, I've seen *ǵebʰ- 'to munch' reconstructed as > *ǵebH-. It seems the mess is full with it. Неактивен 17:56, 1 March 2020 (UTC)

PWG descendants
Sure, strong verbs weren't productive in PWG, but that doesn't mean we need a PG entry for every word inherited for PG. For the same reason, we don't create Proto-Indo-Aryan entries for every Sanskrit one, because it would be just masterbation.

Also, per above, you should be moving PG entries with only PWG descendents, not copying them to new entries, like you did with and. This is actually the same issue I brought up above with Proto-Brythonic. -- 07:02, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually, we do. If a word can't be formed in PWG, because of formation process no longer available, there is no reason to create a page only in PWG, it gives people the wrong impression. To not have 🇨🇬 is to say that to those who only search in PG lemmas that it didn't exists, which, IMO, isn't true. Furthermore, Mahagaja had already moved PG pages to PWG for having only PWG descendants, with Rua moving them back.
 * Why and,  and  exist is the same reason why I moved  back to
 * Not quite. You argued that 🇨🇬 could have been a borrowing from PG, while these are formation that must have existed in PG due to formation only available in Pre-Germanic era. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 07:20
 * No, we actually don't. It's sufficient to write each point of inheritance in the etymology. The problem with creating an entry for every step is that you're increasing the probability of something actually not existing, and doubling the amount of entries unnecessarily. Your reasoning flawed because 1) you're illustrating the steps in the etymology, as I mentioned, and 2) searching for *trampaną, for example, would turn up the entry in search results.
 * My point with 🇨🇬 is that some of these entries you're creating could have been innovated in PWG. For instance, was a productive suffix in PWG, and yet you created both  and .  --  07:48, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I think we should aim at the latest possible reconstruction, just as we already do for the shapes of proto-forms. If we know some form α was present in PWG, and it has no reflexes outside PWG, then we should only create an entry for its PWG form. Doing so does not in any way imply that the form was created within PWG or that it didn't have an ancestor in PG, merely that it did exist in PWG and we remain agnostic as to whether it existed in PG. Languages do create words using unproductive processes all the time. —Mahāgaja · talk 07:55, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * That's a good point too; just because a suffix isn't "productive", that doesn't mean new words can't be created with the suffix analogously. -- 08:00, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * If we know a term must have existed in a language, then it can be reconstructed. It's really not that hard, and I object to Victar edit warring over it (i.e. re-doing an edit that was undone). —Rua (mew) 09:22, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It's the very same reason we don't have entries like -- because with only one descendant, we can't be certain it ever existed. I'm surprised I have to explain that to you, of all people, someone who was such a vanguard for that in the past. Also, whom have I edit-warred in your objection?  --  16:32, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * As I said, you re-did an edit that someone else had undone. The number of descendants is irrelevant, what matters is whether we can infer that the term existed. If a term must have been formed before PWG and existed in PWG, it follows that it existed in PG. —Rua (mew) 17:17, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * You can hardly call moving back an entry once "edit-warring" without sounding libelous. and myself beg to disagree with you opinion on such terms existing with the certainly you claim. Please see above. --  17:34, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree with Rua. couldn't have been formed within PWG, therefore it must have existed in PG. The etymology isn't enough and the probability of something actually not existing only exists with words formed by suffixes that are productive which I agreed is the case for  but not for.
 * That is only if you search for *trampaną. I was talking about searching for "to step"(the meaning of the verb) with "deepcat:"Proto-Germanic lemmas"" which doesn't give *trampaną. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 09:25, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Obviously you agree, thats why we're here. I've tagged some relative people and if they dont reply here, I'll have to start a new discussion elsewhere. LOL, then search West Germanic. You're making a strawman argument. -- 15:33, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

kwēbijaną
Hi! I saw that you created. There you list and  as its descendants in Old Norse. Looking up the source mentioned (the entry for *kwēbjan- in Guus Kroonen), it mentions and. That is, it has them without the letter "j". It goes on to mention and  in the note.

The reason I wonder is because I looked up the respective words in A Conicse Dictionary of Old Icelandic by Geir Zoega. It has (with  as a variant). It has (with  as a variant). It also has.

It, however, does not list or. What is your source for these forms of the words? Is there a source mentioning them in this form?

Secondly, I'm interested in the connection between and, created that same day. Is it just two different proposed reconstructions of what is supposedly the same underlying verb? Or are they assumed to be different, but related, words? Gabbe (talk) 12:05, 8 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi, Sorry for not responding for so long. In case of and  I don't currently remember why; It is possible that I made a mistake in writing the verb, although I'm not sure. in the case of  and,  is a causative verb of  while  may be based  on . In short, they are deffinately related but are unlikely to be the same verb. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (talk) 16:09, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Holodwig21


text: User talk:3knolls

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:3knolls


text:
User talk:Ain92

Deriving From the Same Language
der, inh, bor, etc. should only be used when the language in question is treated by Wiktionary as a different language. That's because their main purpose is to add the entry to a derivation category, which makes no sense if a language is basically deriving from itself.

For instance, molybdaenum is itself New Latin, so Category:Latin terms derived from New Latin, which was added by la, would be deceptive. Any such categories would have to be deleted, anyway, because the category templates are programmed to display a module error in those cases.

If you want to show the language name, just use cog or its synonym noncog, which don't categorize.

Thanks! Chuck Entz (talk) 18:31, 23 November 2018 (UTC)

Actual corn
What does "actual corn" mean here? Maize? AFAIK buckwheat is an actual corn in the (older) sense of the word, so clarification would be helpful. Thanks! - -sche (discuss) 20:37, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I thought that it was unambiguous in context, but it seems actually it wasn't) Fixed in both Latin and Cyrillic spellings. BTW, if you are interested in the etymology of this word, check a good review on pp. 23–25 here. Ain92 (talk) 21:31, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * The rest of the sentence is also questionable, "introduced to Croatia from Southern Europe around 1611[1]," because Croatia is southern from my perspective and because Albania and Ottoman Turkish in the Balkans at the time(?) are so close I suspect it would be a semantic loan into an undefinable area anyway, before becoming fully integrated into the language. Accepting what Chuck said in the previous thread about language taxonomy and seeing there are sources I don't doubt that the etymology is essentially correct. I even understand that "south" is a matter of perspective. And I have confused corn before, too! I'm just saying, since it is relevant to my interests, that the etymology so far leaves room for speculation. 2A00:20:6055:790B:2949:12A4:4BCC:1E81 12:45, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ain92


text:
ailbom

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) album

title: ailbom


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃


text: forsterkninga

title: forsterkninga


text:
airagnie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) spider

title: airagnie


text:
barboulôte

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) beetle, bug

Synonyms

 * piranvôle

title: barboulôte


text:
piranvôle

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) beetle, bug

Synonyms

 * barboulôte

title: piranvôle


text:
côvant

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) covent

title: côvant


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽


text: forsterkningen

title: forsterkningen


text:
clôche

Alternative forms

 * clioche, kioche, cleuche, cloiche, tioiche, clieuce, cliôche

Etymology
From, from Gaulish.

Noun

 * 1) bell

Derived terms

 * clôchei

title: clôche


text:
clôchei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bell tower
 * 2)  church

Derived terms

 * aivoi lai maulaidie de clôchei

title: clôchei


text:
Citations:basilic jaune

noun, m.

 * (uncommon, obsolete, 1700s and 1800s) (?)

 * 1892, "Un manuscrit inédit d'origine Cordouane" (Eugène M. O. Dognée), in the Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia of Spain, page 444:
 * Les plantes de jardin cultivées pour l'utilité de leurs feuilles, de leurs fleurs, de leurs racines, viennent ensuite [16-34] : basilic jaune, basilic à grandes fleurs, moutarde, lis, violette, persil, coriandre, rue, lin, ...
 * Garden plants cultivated for the usefulness of their leaves, their flowers, their roots, come next [16-34]: yellow basil, large-flowered basil, mustard, lily, violet, sil, coriander, rue, flax, ...
 * Les plantes de jardin cultivées pour l'utilité de leurs feuilles, de leurs fleurs, de leurs racines, viennent ensuite [16-34] : basilic jaune, basilic à grandes fleurs, moutarde, lis, violette, persil, coriandre, rue, lin, ...
 * Garden plants cultivated for the usefulness of their leaves, their flowers, their roots, come next [16-34]: yellow basil, large-flowered basil, mustard, lily, violet, sil, coriander, rue, flax, ...

 * see also: ;

title: Citations:basilic jaune


text:
fremin

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) ant

Derived terms

 * fremillôt
 * fremilleire
 * fremillai
 * fremillemant

title: fremin


text:
xiphonita

Etymology
, from Xiphonia, an Italian town.

Noun

 * 1) xiphonite

title: xiphonita


text:
gueîpe

Etymology
From, of Germanic origin.

Noun

 * 1) wasp

title: gueîpe


text:
terminus technicus

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A technical term, a term of art.

title: terminus technicus


text:
grevalon

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) big wasp

title: grevalon


text:
इरस्यति

Etymology
From, see also 🇨🇬,.

Verb

 * 1) to behave insolently
 * 2) to be angry
 * 3) to be ill-affected towards

title: इरस्यति


text:
môche

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) fly (insect)

title: môche


text:
mousque

Etymology
From. Doublet of.

Noun

 * 1) a mosquito

title: mousque


text:
User:Holodwig21

Hi, I’m Holodwig21. I'm Wiktionarian working to improve reconstructed languages that weren't well documented as and. My knowledge of reconstruction languages and are self-taught, so I’ll be thankful if those who know more about these languages warn me about the mistakes I make.

For now I work with and ; I also work with. Despite being a native speaker of I don't work much with it, maybe in the future. Another language I would like to work would be however, I'm staying away. I normally add references, in Gothic I add quotes; if I don't that is because I couldn't find them. I may edit pages that are without reference or even add some if I find them.

In regards to references I work with:
 * Proto-Germanic: Guus Kroonen (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic or Vladimir Orel (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology; I also check Gerhard Köbler's wordbook whenever possible.
 * Proto-Celtic: Ranko Matasović (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic and DIL or Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials for Old irish terms.

Explanation of my choice in Babel:
 * Portuguese: Native speaker.
 * English: Grew up with it.
 * Proto-Germanic: Self-taught, although I can't speak it.
 * Gothic: Self-taught.
 * Spanish: Some things are similar to Portuguese, I also can understand some written Spanish.
 * Proto-Celtic: Working with the Proto-language however, my knowledge of it's shady.
 * Cyrillic alphabet: Tried to learn Russian once, gave up upon it, but I retained some knowledge of the the alphabet.
 * Runic alphabet: working with Proto-Germanic indirectly lead me to the runic alphabet, some letters I dislike but I can comprehend the Elder Futhark without issue.

title: User:Holodwig21


text:
parpoillon

Etymology
From. Doublet of.

Noun

 * 1) a butterfly

title: parpoillon


text:
इरस्

Noun

 * 1) ill-will, anger, hostility

Root

 * 1) to behave insolently
 * 2) to be angry
 * 3) to be ill-affected towards

title: इरस्


text: forsterkninger

title: forsterkninger


text:
pampillon

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) butterfly

Synonyms

 * parpoillon

title: pampillon


text:
paivillon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pavillon
 * 2) villa, lodge

title: paivillon


text:
sautereâ

Etymology
From. See also sauterâle, it's feminine form and synonym.

Noun

 * 1) a grasshopper

title: sautereâ


text: forsterkningene

title: forsterkningene


text:
𐰚𐰠𐰤

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) daughter-in-law, bride
 * 2) * 8th century CE, , N9
 * "otk"

- 𐰇𐰏𐰢:𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰆𐰞𐰖𐰆:𐰇𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰢:𐰚𐰠𐰼𐰢:𐰚𐰠𐰭𐰇𐰤𐰢:𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖𐰞𐰺𐰢:𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰏𐰃:𐰚𐰇𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰡𐰲𐰃:𐰼𐱅𐰃:𐰇𐰠𐰏𐰃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰑𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰀:𐰖𐱃𐰆:𐰴𐰡𐰲𐰃:𐰼𐱅𐰏𐰔

title: 𐰚𐰠𐰤


text:
sauterâle

Etymology
From. See also sautereâ, it's masculine form and synonym.

Noun

 * 1) a grasshopper

title: sauterâle


text:
User:Gazamp/Useful templates

Main

 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )

 * – Indicates that the term is a back-formation.
 * – Indicates that the term is a back-formation.
 * – Indicates that the term is a back-formation.
 * – Indicates that the term is a back-formation.

 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )
 * (shortcut )

 * – request for etymology
 * – lightweight request for etymology

Headwords
Headword-line templates

title: User:Gazamp/Useful templates


text: Category:Bourguignon terms suffixed with -âle


text: forsterkningar

title: forsterkningar


text:
corbeâ

Etymology
From. See also crâ, a synonym of Germanic origin.

Noun

 * 1) a raven

title: corbeâ


text: forsterkningane

title: forsterkningane


text:
crâ

Alternative forms

 * croâ, crau

Etymology
From. See also corbeâ, a synonym inherited from Latin.

Noun

 * 1) a raven

title: crâ


text:
echinostelid

Noun

 * 1) Any slime mold of the order

title: echinostelid


text: echinostelids

title: echinostelids


text:
𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1)   the fifteenth

title: 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰


text: 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽

title: 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽


text:
choue

Etymology
Of Germanic or Gaulish origin. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) an owl (especially without a crest)

Derived terms

 * choue conôte (a horned owl)

title: choue


text:
引き付け

Noun

 * 1)  convulsions

title: 引き付け


text:
choue conôte

Etymology
From ("owl") +  ("horn").

Noun

 * 1) a horned owl

title: choue conôte


text:
User:3knolls

 * : 3knolls

title: User:3knolls


text: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰

title: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰


text:
moineâ

Etymology
From ("a monk"), because of its plumage.

Noun

 * 1) a sparrow

title: moineâ


text: वलति

title: वलति


text:
वल्

Etymology
Of origin.

Traditionally derived directly from. However, due to the chronologically late attestation of the root, this is unlikely.

Tedesco derives the root from ; connections to, , , and have also been proposed.

Root

 * 1) to turn, turn round, turn to
 * 2) to be drawn or attached towards, be attached to
 * 3) to move to and fro
 * 4) to go, approach, hasten
 * 5) to return (i.e. come back or home)
 * 6) to return (i.e. depart or go away again)
 * 7) to break forth, appear
 * 8) to increase
 * 9) to cover or enclose or to be covered

title: वल्


text: fimftataihunda

title: fimftataihunda


text:
airondâle

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a swallow (bird)

title: airondâle


text:
aironde

Etymology
From, itself from Gaulish. See also airondâle, its diminutive.

Noun

 * 1) a swallow (bird)

title: aironde


text: ひきつけ

title: ひきつけ


text:
शू

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) shoe

Etymology
Class 1 verb (śvayati), also cited as, from.

Root

 * 1) to swell

title: शू


text:
Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐍃

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) badger

Derived terms

Cat:Gothic reconstructed nouns

title: Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐍃


text:
恝置

Adjective

 * 1)  carefree; indifferent; inattentive; heedless

title: 恝置


text:
Xiangcheng

Etymology 1
From the romanization of the.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Japanese:

Etymology 2
From.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Japanese:

title: Xiangcheng


text: 真武山

title: 真武山


text: 庞公

title: 庞公


text: 龐公

title: 龐公


text: 檀溪

title: 檀溪


text:
Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐌺𐍃

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) little badger

Descendants

Cat:Gothic reconstructed nouns

title: Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐌺𐍃


text: Category:Sanskrit roots with prefix

title: Category:Sanskrit roots with prefix


text:
王府

Noun

 * 1) residence of a prince; princely residence; prince's mansion

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ryukyuan royal administration government

title: 王府


text:
昭明

Adjective

 * 1)  shining and bright

title: 昭明


text:
Reconstruction:Gothic/-𐌿𐌺𐍃

Etymology
From.

title: Reconstruction:Gothic/-𐌿𐌺𐍃


text:
Category:Sanskrit roots without prefix

This category contains all the original roots of the Sanskrit language. These are around 2000 in number as per the grammarian Panini's Ashtadhyayi.

title: Category:Sanskrit roots without prefix


text:
armarius

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) The librarian in a medieval monastery, who kept, repaired and catalogued its manuscripts and books.

Etymology
Probably related to.

Noun

 * 1)  (monastery) librarian

title: armarius


text: 欧庙

title: 欧庙


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/orpoi

Etymology
From, borrowed from , ultimately from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  orphan

Adjective

 * 1) orphan, orphaned

Descendants

 * (Northern), (Southern)
 * (Northern), (Southern)
 * (Northern), (Southern)
 * (Northern), (Southern)

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/orpoi


text: 歐廟

title: 歐廟


text: 尹集

title: 尹集


text:
bekjempe

Etymology
From, after.

Verb

 * 1) to fight, combat

title: bekjempe


text: armarian

title: armarian


text: armarians

title: armarians


text:
Talk:slipslop

RFV discussion: July–September 2018
"An action that was unintended". Not convinced that this is what this word means. If it fails, please deal with any related thesaurus/synonym detritus. Equinox ◑ 02:33, 22 July 2018 (UTC)
 * In several dictionaries with two other definitions: "watery food or drink".
 * also has "blunder".
 * seems to offer attestation for all three definitions. (Need to exclude the numerous references to "Mrs Slipslop" (in Joseph Andrews and other uses as proper name.) DCDuring (talk) 16:21, 22 July 2018 (UTC)

I have cited numerous other definitions, but cannot find enough support for an unintended action. I also added one cite that uses slipslop as an adverb, but I have not found the required two others. Kiwima (talk) 11:04, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * That didn't fit very well with the others, which all had an idea of laziness or carelessness, rather than lack of intention per se. DCDuring (talk) 01:37, 6 August 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 23:58, 6 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:slipslop


text: Category:Gothic terms suffixed with *-𐌿𐌺𐍃


text:
Talk:alectormancy

RFV discussion: August–September 2018
Sense 2: cock-fighting (not divination). Equinox ◑ 03:44, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the person was thinking of "alectormachy"? Khemehekis (talk) 22:20, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Probably. Let's please not have a "common misspelling" for a "rare" word. DCDuring (talk) 01:49, 6 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Just found the entry on Wiktionary: alectoromachy. Khemehekis (talk) 03:21, 8 August 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 00:00, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:alectormancy


text:
Talk:coopetition

RFV discussion: August–September 2018
Rfv-sense "An alternative finance method for entrepreneurs that requires 1) the cooperation of investors and stakeholders (i.e. the community), and 2) competition among peers." S URJECTION ·talk·contr·log· 21:46, 6 August 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 00:03, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:coopetition


text:
Talk:reperible

RFV discussion: August–September 2018
Middle English citation. DTLHS (talk) 16:18, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Modern English citation, and OED entry, already listed and linked. Thanks for the oversight; now, kindly go do something useful instead of continuing to question thoroughly linked and established entries you could've verified from the sources already formatted and provided. — LlywelynII  17:12, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Please read WT:CFI. We have only one valid cite- we need two more. As for the OED: it doesn't distinguish between Middle English and Modern English, and there are plenty of dictionary-only words that are always mentioned, but never used (esquivalience is probably the most extreme example). You've been around here for years, and you apparently know next to nothing about our verification requirements. You still have to follow the rules, whether you bother to learn them or not. Chuck Entz (talk) 21:14, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Good point, but at Citations:esquivalience I see a few actual uses for "esquivalience" (from 2012 and 2013). Khemehekis (talk) 22:25, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Take your pick of Appendix:English dictionary-only terms, then. - -sche (discuss) 23:24, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * The OED includes both Middle English and Scots as if they were English, and also sometimes considers single citations (or twitter citations...) sufficient; we, being a multilingual dictionary, include Middle English and Scots under their own headers, and we have more stringent requirements for attesting English. If the date given is correct, the "poete Varro rehersethe" citation is Middle English, and would be sufficient to create a ==Middle English== entry. The single modern English citation is insufficient to verify the English section. Looking through Google Books and Scholar, I don't see any more uses of it (as an English as opposed to an Italian word) in books on journals. - -sche (discuss) 23:24, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * There's this on Usenet, but it looks like an error for repairable. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:50, 6 August 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 00:01, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:reperible


text:
transinstitutionalization

Noun

 * 1) The transfer of a mentally ill person from one institution to another, for example from hospital to jail.

title: transinstitutionalization


text:
banane plantain

Noun

 * 1) plantain

title: banane plantain


text:
nejpali

Noun

 * 1) prickly pear,.

Noun

 * 1) prickly pear,.

title: nejpali


text:
Σηστός

Proper noun

 * 1) Sestus, Thrace, Turkey

title: Σηστός


text: Category:Gothic terms suffixed with -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃


text: bekjempes

title: bekjempes


text: Category:got:Mustelids

title: Category:got:Mustelids


text: bekjemper

title: bekjemper


text:
tlali

Noun

 * 1) land.

Noun

 * 1) land.

Noun

 * 1) land.

title: tlali


text:
Αἰγαί

Proper noun

 * 1) Aegae, the name of various places in ancient Greece

title: Αἰγαί


text: bekjemp

title: bekjemp


text:
autôritai

Etymology
From, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) authority

title: autôritai


text:
autôrisaicion

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) authorisation

title: autôrisaicion


text:
tsotso

Noun

 * 1) bat

Noun

 * 1)  dog

title: tsotso


text: bekjempa

title: bekjempa


text:
sitlali

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) star.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) star.

Etymology
Cf. 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) star

title: sitlali


text:
tantaicion

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) temptation

title: tantaicion


text:
auakatl

Noun

 * 1) avocado.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : avocado

Noun

 * 1) Avocado.

Noun

 * 1) Avocado.

Noun

 * 1) avocado.

title: auakatl


text:
νόστιμον

Noun

 * : the valuable part
 * 1)  substance, kernel

title: νόστιμον


text:
गृध्

Etymology
From.

Cognates include 🇨🇬 whence 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) to covet, desire, strive after greedily

title: गृध्


text: Category:Gothic terms suffixed with -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃


text: bekjempet

title: bekjempet


text:
ficcion

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) fiction

Etymology
From. Attested from the 14th century.

Noun

 * 1) fiction

title: ficcion


text: Category:Gothic terms suffixed with -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃


text:
kimichi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mouse.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mouse.

title: kimichi


text: 四齋蒸鵝心

title: 四齋蒸鵝心


text:
pôpeulaicion

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) population

title: pôpeulaicion


text:
tepoli

Noun

 * 1) penis, cock.

title: tepoli


text: bekjempende

title: bekjempende


text:
fonei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) baker

Synonyms

 * bolangei

title: fonei


text: Category:Bourguignon terms suffixed with -ei


text:
-moq

Etymology
Related to 🇨🇬, .

Suffix

 * kelmoq - to come
 * kelmoq - to come

title: -moq


text:
bolangei

Etymology
Of Germanic origin.

Noun

 * 1) baker

Synonyms

 * fonei

title: bolangei


text:
गृध्यति

Etymology
From, from the root. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to covet, desire, strive after greedily

Descendants

 * Hindustani: gū̃jnā, gū̃jhnā
 * Hindustani: gū̃jnā, gū̃jhnā
 * Hindustani: gū̃jnā, gū̃jhnā

title: गृध्यति


text:
bochei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) butcher

title: bochei


text:
yoyomitl

Noun

 * 1) clothing.

Noun

 * 1) clothing.
 * 2) cloth.

Noun

 * 1) clothing, cloth.

title: yoyomitl


text:
fricaissous

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cook

Synonyms

 * cuzenei

title: fricaissous


text: returneres

title: returneres


text: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰

title: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰


text:
cuzenei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cook

Synonyms

 * fricaissous

title: cuzenei


text: 𐌻𐌰𐍃

title: 𐌻𐌰𐍃


text: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸

title: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸


text:
cueu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) leather

title: cueu


text: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰

title: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰


text:
गर्धयते

Verb

 * 1) to deceive, cheat

title: गर्धयते


text:
cueuvre

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) copper

title: cueuvre


text: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃

title: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃


text: galisans

title: galisans


text: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃

title: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃


text:
maiçon

Etymology
From, of Germanic origin.

Noun

 * 1) mason, stonemason, builder

Synonyms

 * constreuzous

title: maiçon


text:
constreuzous

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) builder

Synonyms

 * maiçon

title: constreuzous


text:
bolangerie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bakery

title: bolangerie


text: Category:Bourguignon terms suffixed with -erie


text:
Reconstruction talk:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐌺𐍃

Hey, interesting entry! I wonder if you can verify if tasugo would also be derived from this one? — Mnemosientje (t · c) 20:11, 14 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I tried but I couldn’t find much about the Spanish one in the Internet. The Spanish Wiktionary page of tasugo is red so it didn't really help me that much. In my opinion it looks completely plausible that it derives from instead of . I went and tried to apply Spanish phonetic changes and the result seem positive, so my conclusion is that it really drives from the Gothic form.

 * Good work on finding the word, I’ll let you make the necessary changes since it was you who suggested in look into tasugo. 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 22:52, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I couldn't find any confirmation -- the etymological dictionaries I could find pdf's of don't mention it. I've added the etymology tentatively. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 23:39, 15 September 2018 (UTC)
 * The RAE has "Del lat. *taxūcus, por taxo, -ōnis." DTLHS (talk) 23:41, 15 September 2018 (UTC)
 * That works! Thank you. I'll correct the affected entries accordingly. (It seems some of the other proposed descendants don't have very certain etymologies either regarding the Gothic connection. The *taxūcus hypothesis can be found for them too.) — Mnemosientje (t · c) 23:51, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Gothic/𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐌺𐍃


text:
bocherie

Noun

 * 1) butchery

Noun

 * 1) A slaughterhouse often with facilities for preparing and selling meat
 * 2)  As a whole, butchers or their craft.

title: bocherie


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌹𐌸

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌹𐌸


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌼

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌼


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐍄𐍃

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐍄𐍃


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰


text:
जस्यति

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to set free, release, liberate

title: जस्यति


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿


text:
châr

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flesh

title: châr


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷


text: जस्

title: जस्


text: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷

title: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷


text:
আঁৱৰি

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) epilepsy

title: আঁৱৰি


text:
aivôcard

Etymology
From with addition of unetymological "r".

Noun

 * 1) lawyer, attorney

title: aivôcard


text:
আঁৱৰীয়া

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) epileptic

title: আঁৱৰীয়া


text:
aivoigne

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) oat

title: aivoigne


text:
pôlicei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) policeman

title: pôlicei


text:
pompei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) firefighter

title: pompei


text:
âbre

Alternative forms

 * aibre (Ferrières Dialect)

Noun

 * 1) tree

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tree

Etymology
From, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) tree

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) tree

title: âbre


text:
fleu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flower

title: fleu


text: 鳥修威

title: 鳥修威


text:
chôze

Etymology
From. Doublet of.

Noun

 * 1) thing

Derived terms

 * autre chôze
 * queique chôze

title: chôze


text: 鸟修威

title: 鸟修威


text:
queique chôze

Pronoun

 * 1) something

title: queique chôze


text:
gjenvinning

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) recovery, recycling

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) recovery, recycling

title: gjenvinning


text: 配島

title: 配島


text:
queicun

Pronoun

 * 1) someone, somebody

title: queicun


text:
नमति

Verb

 * 1)  (“to bend”)

Adjective

 * , which is, present participle of the verb above.

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to bend, bow

title: नमति


text: 蓜嶋

title: 蓜嶋


text:
autre chôze

Noun

 * 1) something else

title: autre chôze


text:
éleude

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) lightning

Synonyms

 * éclâr

title: éleude


text:
éclâr

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lightning

Synonyms

 * éleude

title: éclâr


text:
riveire

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) river

title: riveire


text:
poin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bread

Etymology
From, from , from , , from ,. .

title: poin


text:
razin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) grape

title: razin


text: gjenvinninga

title: gjenvinninga


text:
roizon

Etymology
From. Doublet of.

Noun

 * 1) reason

title: roizon


text:
rageon

Alternative forms

 * raïon, râjon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  reason

title: rageon


text:
वर्धति

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to grow, increase, augment, enlargen
 * 2) to elevate, exalt, praise

Descendants

 * Northwestern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Northern:
 * Eastern:
 * Southern:
 * Hindustani:
 * Northern:
 * Eastern:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Eastern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:
 * Southern:

title: वर्धति


text:
ववर्ध

Etymology
From, from.

title: ववर्ध


text:
euille

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) eye

title: euille


text: gjenvinningen

title: gjenvinningen


text:
frômaige

Alternative forms

 * formaige

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cheese

title: frômaige


text:
真桑瓜

Etymology
A compound formed of, a former village that is now part of Motosu, Gifu Prefecture, and , meaning gourd or melon.

The village of Makuwa is said to have been famous for producing exceptional quality oriental melons, to which it passed its name.

title: 真桑瓜


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spraidijaną

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to spread
 * 2) to distribute


text:
fraize

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) strawberry

title: fraize


text:
framboize

Etymology
Of Germanic origin.

Noun

 * 1) raspberry

title: framboize


text: gjenvinninger

title: gjenvinninger


text: gjenvinningene

title: gjenvinningene


text:
grouâle

Etymology
From. See also grouzâle.

Noun

 * 1) redcurrant

Synonyms

 * grouzâle

Derived terms

 * grouaillei

title: grouâle


text: 孖杰街

title: 孖杰街


text:
grouzâle

Etymology
From. See also grouâle, an alternative form from the same origin.

Noun

 * 1) redcurrant

Synonyms

 * grouâle

Derived terms

 * grouzelin
 * grouzalei

title: grouzâle


text: gjenvinningar

title: gjenvinningar


text:
calôt

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a nut

title: calôt


text:
nouzôte

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hazelnut

Derived terms

 * nouzelin

title: nouzôte


text:
noud

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a knot

title: noud


text:
Noei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Christmas

title: Noei


text:
cerize

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cherry

title: cerize


text:
cerizôte

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cherry

title: cerizôte


text:
cerizei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cherry tree

title: cerizei


text:
nouzelin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hazel tree

title: nouzelin


text:
fraizei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) strawberry tree

title: fraizei


text:
framboizei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) raspberry tree

title: framboizei


text:
grouaillei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) redcurrant tree

Synonyms

 * grouzelin
 * grouzalei

title: grouaillei


text:
grouzelin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) redcurrant tree

Synonyms

 * grouaillei
 * grouzalei

title: grouzelin


text:
grouzalei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) redcurrant tree

Synonyms

 * grouzelin
 * grouaillei

title: grouzalei


text: Category:Bourguignon terms suffixed with -elin


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 弄 read as いじ


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 弄 read as まさぐ


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as まさぐ


text:
oûteâ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) door

title: oûteâ


text:
־יהו

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1) A  suffix, meaning "the ", used in many Biblical proper names

title: ־יהו


text: Category:Japanese kanji read as まさぐ

title: Category:Japanese kanji read as まさぐ


text:
échaulei

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stairs
 * 2) stile

title: échaulei


text:
échaule

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ladder

title: échaule


text:
xellug

Etymology
. Seemingly from Maghrebi, whence also—perhaps through Romance influence—. The Arabic word itself is said to be of origin and this may explain the final -g (as there does not appear to be any case of Arabic q becoming g in Maltese). The sense “left” then from “east” as the left side when facing the sun at noon. Here the question poses itself whether there is any relation between and native. Furthermore it must be noted that Arabic has from, thus based on the position at sunrise rather than noon.

Noun

 * 1) left side, the left

title: xellug


text:
Talk:עזרא

I'm pretty sure that whoever added the "noun" section was mistaken. Ezra is a proper noun and that's it. The character Ezra is an Israelite, but there's no such word as "ezra" meaning "an Israelite." This page gives that impression. (Isaacmayer9 (talk) 22:21, 14 September 2018 (UTC))

title: Talk:עזרא


text:
ekstraarbeid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) extra work, additional work

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) extra work, additional work

title: ekstraarbeid


text:
sabulite

Noun

 * 1) An explosive containing ammonium nitrate, calcium silicide and trinitrotoluene.

title: sabulite


text: 隨着

title: 隨着


text:
blastine

Noun

 * 1) An explosive containing ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and paraffin wax.

title: blastine


text: ekstraarbeidet

title: ekstraarbeidet


text: ekstraarbeider

title: ekstraarbeider


text: 𠑄

title: 𠑄


text: ekstraarbeidene

title: ekstraarbeidene


text: ekstraarbeida

title: ekstraarbeida


text:
पूजयति

Verb

 * 1) to worship, revere, venerate
 * 2) to honour, praise, pay homage

title: पूजयति


text:
תוהו ובוהו

Phrase

 * 1) shapelessness and formlessness, primordial chaos

title: תוהו ובוהו


text:
पालयति

Etymology
See.

Verb

 * 1) to protect, guard, defend
 * 2) to rule, govern
 * 3) to maintain, hold

Descendants

 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:

title: पालयति


text:
bahagya

Etymology
with semantic shift, from. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) slight; little; scant

Adverb

 * 1) slightly; a little
 * 2) scarcely; barely
 * 3) hardly

title: bahagya


text:
Awit ni Solomon

Proper noun

 * 1) Song of Solomon; Song of Songs

title: Awit ni Solomon


text:
宵っ張り

Noun

 * 1) a night owl (idiomatic)

title: 宵っ張り


text:
宵っぱり

Noun

 * 1) a night owl (idiomatic)

title: 宵っぱり


text:
夜型

Noun

 * 1) a night owl (idiomatic)

title: 夜型


text:
pagdahak

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) act of expelling out phlegm from the throat

title: pagdahak


text:
1 Mga Hari

Proper noun

 * 1)  1 Kings

title: 1 Mga Hari


text:
2 Mga Hari

Proper noun

 * 1)  2 Kings

title: 2 Mga Hari


text:
עצרת

Noun

 * 1) Gathering of an organization
 * 2) Assembly or rally
 * 3)  factorial
 * 4)  A festival's eighth day of assembly, usually for Sukkot
 * 5)  Shavuot, the Jewish Pentecost
 * 1)  A festival's eighth day of assembly, usually for Sukkot
 * 2)  Shavuot, the Jewish Pentecost
 * 1)  Shavuot, the Jewish Pentecost
 * 1)  Shavuot, the Jewish Pentecost

title: עצרת


text:
たつの

Proper noun

 * Presently used spelling of:

title: たつの


text: lesbyana

title: lesbyana


text: 大隈

title: 大隈


text:
obusite

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  shell shock

title: obusite


text:
baklita

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  young male homosexual

title: baklita


text:
hatol

Noun

 * 1) advice, counsel

Verb

 * 1)  to penetrate

Etymology
or, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  verdict; sentence
 * 2) advice; counsel
 * 3) decision of judges
 * 4) medical prescription
 * 1) decision of judges
 * 2) medical prescription
 * 1) medical prescription

title: hatol


text: 众生相

title: 众生相


text:
mũkinyai

Etymology
cf. 🇨🇬

Usage notes
Benson defined it as  and the name is now considered synonymous with, but its occurrence in Kenya, where Gĩkũyũ people live, is not recognized.

title: mũkinyai


text:
眾生相

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  the notion of a living being
 * 2)  diverse appearance of the masses; various characters of human beings

title: 眾生相


text: zhòngshēngxiàng

title: zhòngshēngxiàng


text: 第三ビール

title: 第三ビール


text: Citations:cutterhead

title: Citations:cutterhead


text:
archiclavis

Noun

 * 1)  the chief keeper of the keys in a Catholic church or monastery, i.e. the treasurer or chief abbot

title: archiclavis


text:
archiclavus

Etymology
Variant of.

title: archiclavus


text: 发泡酒

title: 发泡酒


text:
發泡酒

Noun

 * 1) ; low-malt beer a category of Japanese liquor

title: 發泡酒


text:
巴達赫尚

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Badakhshan

title: 巴達赫尚


text: 巴达赫尚

title: 巴达赫尚


text:
Talk:archiclavis

Some info on use and meaning from WP
Copied from w:Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss (permalink), which see for edit history and attribution.

 * 1 - Abbey of Saint-Père-en-Vallée - archiclavus
 * in text "archiclavus (high key-bearer, that is, administrator)" ; wikt doesn't have either 'archiclavus' or 'archiclavis' ; 'clavis' latin for 'key' ; one hit for "archiclavus administrator" of Gbooks has: "administrator of the whole monarchy of churches" (archiclavus totius monarchiae ecclesiarum) ; another place has "archiclavis, archiclavus ou aedituus" together as one mention ; another place equates 'archiclavus' and 'treasurer' ; a vocabulary has "archiclavus, archiclaverius -> custos" later "custos c. (see) armarii, librorum, thesauri" and others ; another place explicitly says 'archiclavus' same as 'archiclavis' ; another place has "archiclavus, mlat., M.: nhd.² bischöflicher oder mönchischer Würdenträger" (episcopal or monastic dignitary)
 * hey, Gbooks has
 * "Indeed, the head sacristan - the 'cheficier in French, the custos sacri scrinii ("keeper of the holy reliquary"), claviger, or archiclavus'' ("head keykeeper") in Latin - ...
 * Another Gbooks hit has
 * Archiclavis, & Archiclavus. The chief Abbot.

title: Talk:archiclavis


text: Thesaurus:tolerate

title: Thesaurus:tolerate


text: 權兵衞

title: 權兵衞


text: Citations:corteo

title: Citations:corteo


text:
עוון

Noun

 * 1) iniquity
 * 2)  an intentional sin, done for the purpose of pleasure.
 * 1)  an intentional sin, done for the purpose of pleasure.

title: עוון


text:
afunhenhar

Verb

 * 1)  to disturb, to pester

title: afunhenhar


text:
磨合期

Noun

 * 1) breaking-in period (for new vehicles, equipment); phase-in period (for new rules and regulations); learning curve (e.g. in the start of a new relationship); adjustment period; adaptation period

title: 磨合期


text: livestreamer

title: livestreamer


text: livestreamers

title: livestreamers


text:
内助

Etymology
ja

Noun

 * 1) a housewife's help

title: 内助


text:
內助

Noun

 * 1)  wife (who provides support to the husband)

title: 內助


text: 贤内助

title: 贤内助


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 衞

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 衞


text: 糸滿

title: 糸滿


text: 丝满

title: 丝满


text:
賢內助

Etymology
From .

Noun

 * 1) virtuous and capable wife, especially one who manages household affairs well and supports her husband in his career or work; better half;  your good wife

title: 賢內助


text: 糸魚川

title: 糸魚川


text: temet nosce

title: temet nosce


text:
Appendix:Spanish–Tagalog relations

This appendix discusses the relations between the Spanish and Tagalog languages.

Spanish loanwords in Tagalog
Owing to the 333 years of Spanish rule, Spanish loanwords forms the largest number of borrowings in Tagalog. 20.4% of Tagalog vocabulary used in everyday conversations come from Spanish (the percentage is slightly higher for Cebuano).

Most Tagalog loanwords from Spanish are phoneme-by-phoneme respellings of the original Spanish, but some earlier borrowings were corrupted or undergone sound change as they were assimilated into Tagalog, to the point their Spanish origin is no longer apparent to Tagalog speakers. Such examples (in standard spelling unless otherwise noted) are:

 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish, of Taíno origin)
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from early modern Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from early modern Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish, of Nahuatl origin)
 * (from early modern Spanish )
 * (from early modern Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish /, of Nahuatl origin)
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )

Some later borrowings from Spanish were also corrupted or undergone sound shifts that slightly hide their roots. Common changes were deletion of a syllable, sound shifts, or addition of prothetic letters:

 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish la )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )
 * (from Spanish )

There are also instances of Tagalog doublets from the same Spanish etymon. The first one is usually an early borrowing that undergone sound shifts or alterations upon borrowing (or reflected early modern Spanish pronunciation), while the second is a later borrowing from around the 19th century. These may have the same meaning or have completely different definitions.

 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )
 * and (from Spanish )

Spanish spelling is generally phonemic, with good sound-to-spelling correspondences, and Tagalog spelling is also phonemic. Spanish-to-Tagalog spelling correspondences in loanwords (excluding corruptions or sound shifts) are:

 * C (before most consonants except H and before A, O and U) -> K (e.g. -> )
 * C (before E and I) -> S (e.g. -> )
 * F -> P (in most borrowings, e.g. -> ), F (in newer borrowings, e.g. )
 * H -> disappears (in most borrowings, e.g. -> ). Some Spanish borrowings keep this, especially early borrowings and some others (including borrowed derivative forms), reflecting a older pronunciation, or to avoid confusion with another similar word.
 * J -> H (e.g. -> ).
 * LL -> Y (in pre-1800 borrowings e.g. -> ), LY (in post-1800 borrowings e.g.  -> )
 * Ñ -> NY ( -> )
 * QU -> K ( -> )
 * RR -> R ( -> )
 * V -> B (in most loanwords, -> ), V (in newer borrowings)
 * X -> KS (in most loanwords, -> )
 * Z -> S (in most borrowings, e.g. ->,  -> ), Z (in newer borrowings)
 * I or U in a diphthong is either kept with the semivowels Y or W added between the vowels or replaced with Y (see Appendix:Tagalog spellings)

Due to this, Spanish continues to be a source for many borrowings in Tagalog even after the Spaniards left, the Philippines lost most of its Spanish speakers and English has been the next main source of loanwords. This is especially true for English words with a Latinate or Romance derivation where there is a Spanish word that is close in spelling (excluding pseudo-Hispanisms), and translations of concepts and technologies that appeared from the 20th century (when Spanish was still the predominant language of the Filipino elite).

Tagalog loanwords in Spanish
Spanish also borrowed some words from Tagalog, usually related to plants and animals native to the Philippines.

The following Tagalog-derived words are listed in the Diccionario de la Real Academía Española (DRAE).

 * - from
 * - from earlier, since reborrowed
 * - from
 * - from
 * - from
 * - from

Alphabet and spelling
The first Latin-script orthography for Tagalog was based on Spanish. Called the abecedario, it has the following features:

 * /k/ is spelled C before A, O and U, and QU before E and I (e.g. for modern,  for )
 * /ɡ/ is spelled G before A, O and U, and GU before E and I. (e.g. for modern )
 * /h/ is spelled H, but is pronounced unlike in modern Spanish. Early modern Spanish pronounced the H.
 * /ŋ/ between vowels is spelled ÑG, NG̃, N͠G, GÑ. Tagalog intervocalic NG, without tilde in the G or N, could be pronounced as the consonant cluster /ng/ [ŋɡ], as in Spanish; this was also used in Tagalog words now spelled with NGG (e.g. was then ).
 * /u/ is often exchanged for O, especially in initial and medial syllables. U was generally used for /w/. (e.g. for modern )
 * /w/ is spelled U (e.g. for modern,  for ,  for )
 * /au/ [aʊ̯] is spelled with AO (e.g. for modern )
 * Spanish loanwords are kept in original spelling, with possible exceptions such as with early assimilated loanwords.
 * CH, LL and RR are treated as their own letters.
 * /kh/ is spelled with C-H (e.g. for modern ), the hyphen indicating it is a consonant cluster and not a digraph.
 * Indication of stress is based on Spanish rules. Final glottal stops (which or which many not be accompanied by stress) are indicated by a grave or circumfixed accent, but they tend to be interchangeable across publications.

Similar orthographies were also developed for the other Philippine languages, most of which have commonalities with the Spanish-based Tagalog orthography.

The abecedario alphabet was since replaced by the 21-letter, which adapted K and W and dropped C, F, J, Q, V, X, and Z (except in proper nouns or unadapted borrowings), but retained Ñ (comes before NG, and generally used in proper nouns). Abakada was since succeeded by the 28-letter modern Filipino alphabet which is the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet plus Ñ and NG.

Personal names
Most ethnic Tagalog given names (first names) and surnames (last names) are borrowed from Spanish or spelled in Spanish orthography. There are many Spanish-derived given names. The same applies to most Filipinos, except Muslim Filipinos or Moros.

Most Tagalogs bear Spanish or Iberian surnames. Most of these were either adopted upon conversion to Christianity such as surnames of religious roots, like or  (reference to the cross as well as John of the Cross),,  and   (references to the saints) and  (reference to Saint Nicholas of Tolentino), or introduced through a 1849 colonial decree, such as most other common Spanish-origin surnames such as , , , , , etc. Many of the religious-origin surnames were targeted for replacement for causing confusion among the Spanish colonial administrators, but most of which remained common. Other surnames which may or may not be in the 1849 decree are willingly adapted by prominent families (usually local nobles), as well as their patrons.

Tagalog also has its indigenous surnames, many of which are spelled in Spanish orthography or Spanish-based Tagalog orthography (e.g. the common Batangas Tagalog surnames, , and ), but only a few of them date back before 1849. Many of these also have assimilated forms using only letters of the abakada (e.g., , ), or are spelled in a combination of Spanish and Tagalog rules (e.g. , ).

Filipino naming in general follow the Western order of first name-middle name-last name, but middle names usually refer to the maternal surname than a secondary first name, carrying on from the Spanish naming tradition. Western middle names in its general sense of secondary first name are treated as part of the first name in the Philippines.

Most Tagalog (and Filipinos in general) bear multiple first names, as similar with Spanish speakers.

Place names
Many place names in Tagalog regions come from Spanish or spelled in Spanish orthography.

Spanish names of provinces, cities and municipalities of Tagalog origin
Many names of provinces, cities and municipalities of Tagalog origin came via Spanish, most of which has been reborrowed into Tagalog. Unless otherwise noted or written with accents, the name is the one universally used across Spanish, Tagalog and English:

Provinces
 * (Bataan)
 * - from.
 * (Tagalog: )
 * (Tagalog or ) - from.

Cities and municipalities
 * Antipolo - from
 * Bacoor - from
 * - from . The Abakada-based is commonly used in both English and Tagalog since 2022 (following its cityhood); the municipality prescribes this as the correct spelling. Previous preferred usage is the.
 * - from
 * - see Bulacan above
 * - from.
 * - from.
 * - from
 * - from . The Tagalog name is either Spanish-based or the Abakada-based.
 * - from
 * - from
 * - from
 * (Tagalog: ) - from Maynila. The English name came via Spanish. Other major Philippine languages also borrows the Spanish.
 * - from
 * - from may
 * (also Tagalog ) - from
 * - from earlier . Present Tagalog name is the same as with Spanish, which is a corruption of the earlier form.
 * - from
 * Taguig - from.
 * Taguig - from.

Since proper nouns do not need to be respelled phonemically, where marked, both the unassimilated and assimilated forms are valid. Common usage prefer the unassimilated reborrowing.

Tagalog place names from Spanish
Many place names in Tagalog come from Spanish, which includes the ubiqitous names, , , and. Names of prominent individuals (usually their surname) are also a source of some other common names, (e.g. after Ferdinand Magellan,  after Ferdinand VI of Spain,  after José Rizal,  after Marcelo H. del Pilar,  after Manuel L. Quezon,  from Manuel Roxas). Like with Spanish-derived personal names, these are written without accents (except the tilde in Ñ, which is retained) and are normally not respelled into native Tagalog orthography unlike loanwords.

The name of the Philippines in Tagalog,, is borrowed from Spanish , so are (demonym) and  (Standard Tagalog as national language, or a synonym of Tagalog).

Pseudo-Hispanisms
While most Tagalog loanwords come from Spanish, some of these are not really Spanish, but as pseudo-Hispanisms, also known as "" words (as referred to by writer Virgilio S. Almario who also served as head of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino), usually in the form of English-Spanish hybrid words which has been attributed to increasing illiteracy in standard Spanish in the Philippines and the desire by speakers to sound like speaking Spanish. Linguistic prescription aside, these words can alternatively be seen as assimilation of English loanwords by using Spanish influence. Examples are:

 * contemporary - (correct loan from Spanish: *kontemporanyo from ). Spanish has, but did not exist yet nor thought to be synonymous as kontemporaryo came out as a pseudo-Hispanism of  contemporary.
 * image - (correct loan from Spanish:  from )
 * endorse - (correct loan from Spanish: *endoso from, first-person singular form of )

The Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino provides better guidance on the treatment of English loanwords as they enter Tagalog, and is covered at Appendix:Tagalog orthography. KWF also provide ways to deal with pseudo-Hispanisms:

 * Use equivalent actual Spanish loanword (e.g. for imahe)
 * Borrow the English (image)
 * Use an existing native word (e.g. for imahe)

Linguistic prescription aside, some words deemed pseudo-Hispanic are included in the major monolingual Tagalog dictionaries such as UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino (and its online equivalent Diksiyonaryo.ph) and the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino's Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino.

Some common Tagalog words may be considered to be pseudo-Hispanisms under their common usage at present but can be attributed to other linguistic phenomenon such as semantic borrowing and semantic drift. One example is, which acquired its most common sense of "college" during the American colonial era; it already existed with its original meaning in Spanish of "secondary school". Some commonly used Spanish loanwords may be seen as mere borrowings from English by some Filipinos out of historical ignorance.

Affixes
Tagalog (and other major Philippine languages, like Cebuano) also have borrowed affixes from Spanish to create new words from existing roots. Some examples are:

 * (e.g., from noun root .)
 * / (e.g., from adjective ; , from noun )
 * (e.g., from noun root .)
 * / (e.g., from adjective ; , from noun )
 * / (e.g., from adjective ; , from noun )

Semantic shifts and false friends
Some Spanish borrowings have gained new definitions as they entered Tagalog, and also resulted in false friends. Below are several Spanish borrowings that acquired a new meaning as they entered Tagalog, including cases where the Spanish loanword is corrupted.

title: Appendix:Spanish–Tagalog relations


text: qínggǎn

title: qínggǎn


text: Category:zh:Provinces of Afghanistan

title: Category:zh:Provinces of Afghanistan


text: kǔtòng

title: kǔtòng


text:
협력하다

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to cooperate; to collaborate

title: 협력하다


text:
Talk:আৰ্চি

This entry seems to be using 🇨🇬 instead of 🇨🇬 in the page title, it should be moved, right? —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 02:43, 15 September 2018 (UTC)
 * ah yes. - Msasag

title: Talk:আৰ্চি


text:
peryodikal

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) periodical

title: peryodikal


text:
আল

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) spur

Etymology
, from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) light; illumination

title: আল


text:
Talk:misspeller

Is this a word? I have yet to come across Misspeller or misspellers in any dictionary.
 * This is a dictionary, so now you have. DTLHS (talk) 02:56, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:misspeller


text: Indyano

title: Indyano


text: shǔguāng

title: shǔguāng


text:
adjacanta

Etymology
Derived from and. Also considered to be

Adjective

 * : bordering upon

title: adjacanta


text: Category:zh:Rhode Island, USA

title: Category:zh:Rhode Island, USA


text: shīpiān

title: shīpiān


text:
jacanta

Verb

 * 1)  ill, dead,
 * 1)  ill, dead,

title: jacanta


text:
Irlandes

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Irish

Noun

 * 1) Irish
 * 2) Irish language

title: Irlandes


text: tíngdùn

title: tíngdùn


text:
מגילת איכה

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Scroll of Lamentations

title: מגילת איכה


text: jīngtànhào

title: jīngtànhào


text: sustansya

title: sustansya


text:
sawatain

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to put a stop to; to check
 * 2) to tell someone off
 * 1) to tell someone off

title: sawatain


text:
samsamin

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to confiscate; to seize
 * 2)  to steal
 * 1)  to steal

title: samsamin


text:
前嫌

Noun

 * 1)  former enmity; old grudge

title: 前嫌


text: מגלה

title: מגלה


text: qiánxián

title: qiánxián


text:
Module:dialect synonyms

--[==[ mod: intitle:dial -intitle:data -intitle:documentation -intitle:zh Module:zh-Christian-syn ]==]

local export = {} local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_scripts = require("Module:scripts") local m_table = require("Module:table")

local langs = {}

local elements = {}

elements.table = function(data) return mw.html.create("table") :addClass("dial-syn") :addClass("wikitable") :addClass("mw-collapsible") :addClass("mw-collapsed") :done end

elements.head_a = function(data) return mw.html.create("tr") :tag("th") :attr("colspan", #data.columns) :css("background-color", data.colour) :wikitext(data.title) :done :done end

elements.head_b = function(data) local tr = mw.html.create("tr") :done

for i, _ in ipairs(data.columns) do		tr :tag("th") :css("background-color", data.colour) :wikitext(data.columns[i]) :done :done end

return tr end

elements.row_view_map = function(data) local tr = mw.html.create("tr") :done

tr :tag("td") :attr("colspan", #data.columns) :css("text-align", "right") :css("background-color", data.colour) :wikitext(("view map; edit data"):format(data.view_map, data.edit_link)) :done :done

return tr end

local function prompt_create_data(dpath, preload_path) local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(dpath, {action='edit', preload=preload_path}) return ("→Create [%s %s]?"):format(tostring(url), dpath) end

function export.format_word(data_variety, data) -- XXX: $ety_n assumes that $language is the first section on a page -- and that we can safely say "foo_2" and link to foo. -- this is a fucking stupid assumption, -- and we should be using T:senseid. --[==[		data = {"Word", ety_n=5, tr="tr", q="qual"} data = "Word_5/tr:qual" ]==]

if type(data) == 'string' then data = { word = data } local temp_a, temp_b = mw.ustring.match(data.word, '^(.+):(.+)$') if temp_a then data.word, data.q = temp_a, temp_b end local temp_a, temp_b = mw.ustring.match(data.word, '^(.+)/(.+)$') if temp_a then data.word, data.tr = temp_a, temp_b end local temp_a, temp_b = mw.ustring.match(data.word, '^(.+)_(%d+)$') if temp_a then data.word, data.ety_n = temp_a, temp_b end end

-- re-use language objects if possible -- $langs is a global if not langs[data_variety.code] then langs[data_variety.code] = m_languages.getByCode(data_variety.code, nil, true) end

data.lang = langs[data_variety.code] data.term, data.alt = data.word, data.word if data.ety_n then data.term = ('%s#Etymology %s'):format(data.term, data.ety_n) end if data_variety.nolink then data.term = nil end data.alt = data.alt .. (data.ety_n and ('%s'):format(data.ety_n) or '')

-- XXX: this code probably shouldn't be located in this module, or at least wholly in this function if (data_variety.code_main == 'ar') then -- verify script validity local valid_script = nil local best_script = m_scripts.findBestScriptWithoutLang(data.term):getCode for _,sc in ipairs(data_variety.scripts) do			if best_script == sc then valid_script = sc				break end end assert(valid_script, ("Invalid script for term `%s` of the dialect `%s`"):format(data.term,data_variety.name)) data.sc = m_scripts.getByCode(valid_script)

-- Module:ko-dial-syn -- Template:ko-dial-syn elseif (data_variety.code_main == 'ko') then -- add IPA font for 계림유사 if (data_variety.name == 'Old Korean-JLLS') and (data.tr) then data.tr = tostring(mw.html.create('span')				:wikitext(data.tr)				:addClass('IPA')			:done) end

local bool_no_auto_translit = (			({['oko']=1, ['okm']=1, ['jje']=1})[data_variety.code]		) local bool_ae_e_merger = (			(data_variety.name == 'Seoul') or			(data_variety.code == 'ko-se' and not ({['Jinju']=1, ['Sancheong']=1, ['Hamyang']=1, ['Namhae']=1, ['Hadong']=1, ['Sacheon']=1, ['Goseong']=1, ['Tongyeong']=1})[data_variety.name]) or			(data_variety.name == 'Samcheok') or			(data_variety.name == 'Gochang') or			(data_variety.parent.name == 'South Jeolla' and not ({['Gurye']=1, ['Gwangyang']=1, ['Goheung']=1, ['Boseong']=1})[data_variety.name])		) local bool_eo_eu_merger = (			(data_variety.code == 'ko-se' and not ({['Uljin']=1, ['Bonghwa']=1, ['Hamyang']=1})[data_variety.name])		) local bool_nasal = (			(data_variety.code == 'ko-se') or			(data_variety.parent.name == 'Yeongdong') or			(data_variety.parent.name == 'South Hwanghae') or			(data_variety.parent.name == 'North Hwanghae') or			(data_variety.code == 'ko-nw') or			(data_variety.code == 'ko-ne')		) local bool_pitch = (			({['ko-ne']=1, ['ko-se']=1, ['ko-yuk']=1})[data_variety.code] or			({['Donghae']=1, ['Samcheok']=1, ['Taebaek']=1, ['Yeongwol']=1, ['Gangneung']=1})[data_variety.name]		) local bool_length = true

if (not data.tr) and (not bool_no_auto_translit) and (bool_ae_e_merger or bool_eo_eu_merger or bool_pitch or bool_length) then local m_ko_translit = require("Module:ko-translit") local term_for_translit = data.term

-- transform text in preparation for transliteration if (bool_ae_e_merger) then term_for_translit = mw.ustring.toNFC(					mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(term_for_translit), "[ᅢᅫ]", {["ᅢ"]="ᅦ", ["ᅫ"]="ᅰ"})				) end if (bool_eo_eu_merger) then term_for_translit = mw.ustring.toNFC(					mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(term_for_translit), "ᅥ", "ᅳ")				) end if (bool_nasal) then data.term = mw.ustring.toNFC(					mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(data.term), "~", "ᆼ")				) data.alt = mw.ustring.toNFC(					mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(data.alt), "~", "ᆼ")				) end if (bool_pitch) then data.term = mw.ustring.gsub(data.term, "'", "") data.alt = mw.ustring.gsub(data.alt, "'", "")

-- assume pitch accent if not string.find(term_for_translit, "'") then -- gyeongsang if data_variety.code == 'ko-se' then term_for_translit = mw.ustring.gsub(term_for_translit, "([^~@][~@]*)([^~@][~@]*)$", "'%1%2") -- penultimate -- hamgyong elseif data_variety.code == 'ko-ne' then term_for_translit = mw.ustring.gsub(term_for_translit, "([^~@][~@]*)$", "'%1") -- final end end

if (bool_length) then term_for_translit = mw.ustring.gsub(term_for_translit, "'@", "@'") -- fix a weird markup order, just in case end term_for_translit = mw.ustring.gsub(term_for_translit, "('?)([^~@][~@]*)", function(bool_is_high, syllable)					return syllable .. (bool_is_high ~= "" and "↑" or "↓")				end) end if (bool_length) then -- XXX: ":" is currently used for word notes; this code tentatively uses "@" instead for development data.term = mw.ustring.gsub(data.term, "@", "") data.alt = mw.ustring.gsub(data.alt, "@", "") end

-- transliterate data.tr = m_ko_translit.tr(term_for_translit) -- order diacritics for aesthetics data.tr = mw.ustring.gsub(data.tr, "([@↓↑~]+)", function(d)				return ""					.. (mw.ustring.match(d, "~") or "")					.. (mw.ustring.match(d, "[↓↑]") or "")					.. (mw.ustring.match(d, "@") or "")			end) -- digraph vowels; closed syllables; other modified syllables --                                  1 v1     2 v2      3 c                       4         5 data.tr = mw.ustring.gsub(data.tr, "([aeiou])([aeiou]?)([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]*)([↓↑~]+)(@?)", "%1%4%2%5%3") -- transform data.tr = mw.ustring.gsub(data.tr, "[@↓↑~]", {["@"]=":", ["↑"]="́", ["↓"]="̀", ["~"]="̃"}) end end

-- create full link -- place annotation after the word due to	-- notes such as those found at 舅父, -- which appear to rely on direction word = m_links.full_link(data) if data.q then word = word .. " " .. require("Module:qualifier").format_qualifier({ data.q }) end

return word end

local function format_syns(data_variety) local words_formatted = {} for i, text in ipairs(data_variety.syns) do		table.insert(words_formatted, export.format_word(data_variety, text)) end return words_formatted end

function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = { required = true, default = "und" }, [2] = { default = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text }, ['dpath syns'] = {}, -- for testing: use arbitrary module. like Module:sandbox or something }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params, nil, "dialect synonyms", "show")

-- data modules local dpath = "Module:dialect synonyms" local dpath_mul = dpath .. "/" .. "mul" local dpath_lang = dpath .. "/" .. args[1] local dpath_syns = dpath_lang .. "/" .. args[2] if args['dpath syns'] then dpath_syns = args['dpath syns'] end local dpath_map = "Template:dialect synonym map/" .. args[1] .. "/" .. args[2] local data_mul = require(dpath_mul) local data_lang = mw.title.new(dpath_lang).exists and require(dpath_lang) or nil local data_syns = mw.title.new(dpath_syns).exists and require(dpath_syns) or nil

-- prompt creation of missing data modules if (not data_lang) then return prompt_create_data(dpath_lang, 'Module:dialect synonyms/und') end if (not data_syns) then return prompt_create_data(dpath_syns, 'Module:dialect synonyms/' .. args[1] .. '/') end

-- throw error if synonyms table does not even exist if (not data_syns.syns) and (not data_syns.list) then error(('Could not find .syns in %s.'):format(dpath_syns)) end

-- create $data_lang.title fallback if not data_lang.title then data_lang.title = "Dialectal synonyms of %s" end -- create $data_lang.columns fallback if not data_lang.columns then data_lang.columns = {"Variety", "Location", "Words"} end -- create $data_lang.notes fallback if not data_lang.notes then data_lang.notes = {} end

-- TEMP: backwards compatibility with the original Module:zh-dial-syn format if (not data_syns.syns) and (data_syns.list) then data_syns.syns = data_syns.list data_syns.list = nil end if (not data_syns.gloss) and (data_syns.syns.meaning) then data_syns.gloss = data_syns.syns.meaning data_syns.syns.meaning = nil end if (not data_syns.note) and (data_syns.syns.note) then data_syns.note = data_syns.syns.note data_syns.syns.note = nil end

-- initialize $dial_syn_table local dial_syn_table = elements.table :done

-- initialize $lang, $main_word, $main_word_link -- for $lang="zh:regional", the data modules are named in English, -- so the $lang of $main_word is "en"; -- and the language of the words is "zh", not "zh:regional" local lang, lang_qualifier = string.match(args[1], '^(.+):(.+)$') lang = lang or args[1] local main_word = args[2] main_word = mw.ustring.gsub(main_word, "%-[%d]$", "") -- "媽媽-2"→"媽媽" local main_word_link = m_links.full_link({		lang = m_languages.getByCode(lang_qualifier and "en" or lang),		term = main_word,		gloss = data_syns.gloss,	}, "term")

-- create and add headers for $dial_syn_table dial_syn_table :node(elements.head_a({ columns = data_lang.columns, title = (data_lang.title):format(main_word_link), colour = data_mul.colours["head_a"], }))		:node(elements.row_view_map({ view_map = dpath_map, edit_link = dpath_syns, columns = data_lang.columns, colour = data_mul.colours["head_a"], -- ? }))		:node(elements.head_b({ columns = data_lang.columns, colour = data_mul.colours["head_a"], }))	:done

-- add words to tree -- trim tree -- 	-- enter data tree local function recurse(data_variety) if #data_variety == 0 then -- add words to data tree -- first word is an empty string = no words entered if (data_syns.syns[data_variety.name]) and (data_syns.syns[data_variety.name][1] ~= '') then data_variety.syns = data_syns.syns[data_variety.name] end

-- word fallback with $data_variety.default if (data_variety.default) and (not data_variety.syns) then if data_variety.default == 'module name' then data_variety.syns = {args[2]} end end

-- word is n/a if (data_variety.syns) and (data_variety.syns[1] == '-') then data_variety.code = 'en' data_variety.nolink = true data_variety.syns[1] = {word = " [N/A] "} end

-- erase barren leaf from tree if (not data_variety.syns) then --data_variety = nil return end

-- format words data_variety.syns = format_syns(data_variety)

-- prepare header text if (not data_variety.text_display) then data_variety.text_display = data_variety.english or data_variety.name data_variety.text_display = mw.ustring.gsub(data_variety.text_display, '(%(.+%))', ' %1 ')

if data_variety.code_main == 'ar' and data_variety.wikidata then -- XXX: also probably shouldn't be in this module -- parenthesise arabic/alt name local alt_name = nil if not data_variety.suppress_arabic then alt_name = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(data_variety.wikidata, 'ar') elseif data_variety.suppress_arabic ~= 'Y' then alt_name = data_variety.suppress_arabic end alt_name = alt_name and (' (%s)'):format(alt_name) or '' data_variety.text_display = data_variety.text_display .. alt_name

local en_site_link = data_variety.link or mw.wikibase.getSitelink(data_variety.wikidata, 'enwiki') --local ar_site_link = nil --if not en_site_link then --ar_site_link = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(data_variety.wikidata, 'arwiki') --end site_link = en_site_link --if ar_site_link then --site_link = 'ar:'..ar_site_link --end if site_link then data_variety.text_display = ('%s'):format(site_link, data_variety.text_display) end elseif (data_variety.link) then data_variety.text_display = ('%s'):format(data_variety.link, data_variety.text_display) end end else -- prepare header text if (data_variety.name) and (not data_variety.text_display) then data_variety.text_display = data_variety.english or data_variety.name data_variety.text_display = mw.ustring.gsub(data_variety.text_display, '(%(.+%))', ' %1 ') if (data_variety.link) then data_variety.text_display = ('%s'):format(data_variety.link, data_variety.text_display) end end

-- add fallback iso code if not data_variety.code then data_variety.code = (data_variety.parent and data_variety.parent.code or lang) end

-- search for tree leaves for i, _ in ipairs(data_variety) do				data_variety[i].parent = data_variety data_variety[i].code_main = args[1] data_variety[i].code = (data_variety[i].code or data_variety.code) data_variety[i].colour = (data_variety[i].colour or data_variety.colour) -- recurse data_variety[i] = recurse(data_variety[i]) -- count if data_variety[i] then if data_variety[i].leaf_count then data_variety.leaf_count = (data_variety.leaf_count or 0) + data_variety[i].leaf_count else data_variety.leaf_count = (data_variety.leaf_count or 0) + 1 end end end -- erase now-barren sub-tree from tree if #m_table.numKeys(data_variety) == 0 then data_variety = nil end end return data_variety end data_lang.varieties = recurse(data_lang.varieties)

-- add rows to $dial_syn_table -- 	-- enter data tree local function recurse(data_variety, tr) -- empty table with no words, -- do not try to look for keys, do not try to count keys if not data_variety then return end -- if there are no sub-groups if #m_table.numKeys(data_variety) == 0 then if not tr then tr = mw.html.create('tr') :done end

-- add the location + word cells tr :tag('th') :attr('colspan', data_variety.colspan) :css("background-color", data_variety.colour) :tag('span') -- for CSS `position: sticky` :wikitext(data_variety.text_display) :done :done :tag('td') :css("background-color", data_variety.colour) :wikitext(table.concat(data_variety.syns, ', ')) :done :done

dial_syn_table :node(tr) :done else sibling_i = 1 -- init the row and add headers. -- a group header (the thing that has rowspan) must belong to a tr of a leaf, = -- but only if that leaf is the first leaf among its siblings. -- imagine the formatting of native mediawiki tables -- (not tr): as when recursing for the first time, or when it has been 'nil'-ed -- (data_variety.parent): don't generate a th for the root. empty, useless and unwanted. if (not tr) and (data_variety.parent) then tr = mw.html.create('tr') :done end if (tr) and (sibling_i == 1) then tr :tag('th') :attr('rowspan', data_variety.leaf_count) :attr('colspan', data_variety.colspan) :css("background-color", data_variety.colour) :tag('span') -- for CSS `position: sticky` :wikitext(data_variety.text_display) :done :done :done end -- search for tree leaves -- use sparseIpairs because the deletion of things above leaves gaps in the array -- and lua does not continue looping if i + 1 does not exist -- use sibling_i because sparseIpairs provides the original i, not necessarily beginning at 1 for i, _ in m_table.sparseIpairs(data_variety) do				if sibling_i > 1 then tr = nil end data_variety[i] = recurse(data_variety[i], tr) sibling_i = sibling_i + 1 end end return data_variety end recurse(data_lang.varieties)

-- add notes to $dial_syn_table -- 	-- insert synonyms note if data_syns.note and data_syns.note ~= "" then table.insert(data_lang.notes, 1, data_syns.note) end -- add notes to $dial_syn_table for _, note in ipairs(data_lang.notes) do		dial_syn_table :tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr("colspan", #data_lang.columns) :wikitext(note) :done :done :done end

-- return return tostring(dial_syn_table) .. require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:dialect synonyms/styles.css") end

return export

title: Module:dialect synonyms


text: méngshēng

title: méngshēng


text:
আজো

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  great

title: আজো


text:
siyempre

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1) of course
 * Siyempre, aram ko iyan
 * I know that, of course

Etymology
, from. The sense has since shifted to the current sense.

Adverb

 * 1) of course; certainly
 * 2)  always
 * 1)  always
 * 1)  always

title: siyempre


text: duōwéi

title: duōwéi


text:
Module:User:Suzukaze-c/dial-syn/data

local export = {}

export.colours = { [1] = "#FAF0F2", [2] = "#FAF5F0", [3] = "#F0F5FA", [4] = "#F0FAF3", [5] = "#FAF0F6", [6] = "#FAF9F0", [7] = "#F7FAF0", [8] = "#F4F0FA", [9] = "#F0F2FA",

["head_a"] = "#FCFFFC", ["head_b"] = "#E8ECFA", }

return export

title: Module:User:Suzukaze-c/dial-syn/data


text: tújǐng

title: tújǐng


text: User:Fish bowl/T:dial

title: User:Fish bowl/T:dial


text: masustansya

title: masustansya


text: 兽类

title: 兽类


text:
コメディクラブ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a comedy club

title: コメディクラブ


text:
獸類

Noun

 * 1) animals

title: 獸類


text:
😤

Description
A face with steam emanating from the nostrils.

Symbol

 * 1) victory
 * 1) victory
 * 1) victory


text: ocnophils

title: ocnophils


text:
sigurado

Etymology
Borrowed from, shortened from , from. .

Adjective

 * 1) sure; certain
 * 2) safe; secure
 * 1) safe; secure

title: sigurado


text:
אזוב

Etymology
Related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hyssop

Verb

 * : I will dribble.

title: אזוב


text: 勝ち誇り

title: 勝ち誇り


text:
ישחק

Proper noun

 * 1) Isaac Biblical character

Verb

 * , to laugh.

title: ישחק


text:
שחק

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬. Related also to.

Verb

 * 1) to laugh

title: שחק


text:
sigurista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) person who does something only when sure of success or desired results

Adjective

 * 1) cautious to act until sure of success or desired results

title: sigurista


text: 向阳花

title: 向阳花


text:
向陽花

Noun

 * 1) sunflower

title: 向陽花


text:
facioun

Etymology
,, from.

Noun

 * 1) The way something looks or appears; physical form.
 * 2)  The way or design something is made in; fashion or style.
 * 3)  Creation, crafting, manufacture; the process of creating.
 * 4)  One's visage or facial appearance.
 * 5)  A manner of behaviour or course of action.
 * 6)  The natural composition of something.
 * 7)  The way something is made or built.
 * 8)  One's acts or decisions.

title: facioun


text:
હાજરબજાર

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) call market

title: હાજરબજાર


text:
વાયદાબજાર

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) futures market

title: વાયદાબજાર


text: fasciun

title: fasciun


text: fascun

title: fascun


text: fasioun

title: fasioun


text: facione

title: facione


text: fasyon

title: fasyon


text: faccyon

title: faccyon


text: fasceoun

title: fasceoun


text: facyon

title: facyon


text: facion

title: facion


text: fassoun

title: fassoun


text: fasceon

title: fasceon


text: fascyon

title: fascyon


text: faccyoun

title: faccyoun


text:
રોકડપ્રવાહ

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) cash flow

title: રોકડપ્રવાહ


text:
રોકડપેટી

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) cashbox

title: રોકડપેટી


text:
રોકડમેળ

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) cashbook

title: રોકડમેળ


text:
રોકડનાણું

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) ready money, hard cash

title: રોકડનાણું