text: κοσμάκη

title: κοσμάκη


text:
hypohaploid

Adjective

 * 1) Having less than the haploid complement of chromosomes.

Noun

 * 1)  A hypohaploid organism.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: hypohaploid


text: hypohaploids

title: hypohaploids


text:
मुख्यधारा

Etymology
From 🇰🇲. .

Noun

 * 1) mainstream

title: मुख्यधारा


text:
เนิน

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hill; dune.

title: เนิน


text:
โขด

Noun

 * 1) hillock; knoll.

title: โขด


text:
โคก

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) mound; hillock; knoll.

title: โคก


text:
sanawrya

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) carrot

title: sanawrya


text:
brodek

Noun

 * 1) any moss of the genus

title: brodek


text:
łyczoga

Noun

 * 1) any plant of the genus

title: łyczoga


text: yìdǒng

title: yìdǒng


text:
komboskini

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A rope of usually 33, 50 or 100 knots, used in meditative prayer in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic tradition, to count one's recitations of the Jesus Prayer.

Usage notes
All three terms (, and komboskini) are in common usage by Orthodox Christians, though the choice of word tends to indicate one's ecclesiastic tradition: prayer rope is tradition-neutral, chotki is commonly used by those of the Slavic tradition, and komboskini is most common amongst those of the Greek tradition.

Translations

 * Arabic: مِسْبَحَة
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: cordó d'oració
 * Coptic: ⲙⲉⲕⲩⲧⲁⲣⲓⲁ
 * Czech: čotky
 * French: tchotki
 * Greek: ,
 * Italian: corda di preghiera
 * Japanese: コンボスキニオン
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian: komboskini
 * Polish: czotki
 * Portuguese: chotki, corda de oração
 * Romanian: metanii,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бројаница
 * Roman: broyanitsa
 * Slovak: čotky
 * Spanish: cordón de oración
 * Ukrainian: чо́тки, верви́ця
 * Vietnamese: dây cầu nguyện

title: komboskini


text: bìngshǐ

title: bìngshǐ


text:
Überzahl

Noun

 * 1) majority, superior number(s)

title: Überzahl


text:
Minderzahl

Noun

 * 1) minority, inferior number(s)

title: Minderzahl


text: Unterzahl

title: Unterzahl


text: gōngtīng

title: gōngtīng


text: guānyá

title: guānyá


text:
User:Victar/Reflexes/Proto-Scythian

Consonant clusters

 * Notes:

Vowels and syllabic consonants

 * Notes:

Abbreviations

 * C =
 * Cʰ =
 * Ć =
 * Cʷ =
 * C̥ =
 * D = (b, d, g, h₃, z)
 * E = (e, i)
 * F = (δ, θ, x)
 * G =
 * H =
 * K =
 * L = (l, r)
 * N = (n, m)
 * P = (b, p)
 * R = (l, r, n, m)
 * T =
 * S = (s, z)
 * V =
 * V̄ =
 * V̆ =
 * Vʷ =
 * X (ʰ, h₁, h₂)
 * Y =
 * Z =
 * Z =

title: User:Victar/Reflexes/Proto-Scythian


text: qīhuáng

title: qīhuáng


text: -είου

title: -είου


text:
-εία

Etymology
A conflation of and.

Suffix

 * 1) Some of them, meaning place or building
 * 1) Some of them, meaning place or building
 * 1) Some of them, meaning place or building

Suffix

 * 1)  of nouns like

Suffix

 * 1)  of adjectives -ύς, -είς, -ύ like

title: -εία


text:
übermüde

Adjective

 * 1) overtired, overly tired

title: übermüde


text: übermüd

title: übermüd


text: xìbāoxué

title: xìbāoxué


text:
łoczyga

Etymology
,, from. .

Noun

 * 1) any plant of the genus  of nippleworts

title: łoczyga


text: ānchún

title: ānchún


text:
鵪鶉蛋

Noun

 * 1) quail egg

title: 鵪鶉蛋


text: 鹌鹑蛋

title: 鹌鹑蛋


text: ānchúndàn

title: ānchúndàn


text:
übermüden

Verb

 * 1) to overtire, to overfatigue

title: übermüden


text: -είων

title: -είων


text:
enlevo

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) rapture, ecstasy

title: enlevo


text: 讥刺

title: 讥刺


text: 讥嘲

title: 讥嘲


text:
κορίτσαρος

Etymology
(emphatic suffix).

Noun

 * : impressive girl

title: κορίτσαρος


text:
譏刺

Verb

 * 1) to ridicule; to satirize; to mock

title: 譏刺


text:
譏嘲

Verb

 * 1) to ridicule; to satirize; to mock

title: 譏嘲


text: jīfěng

title: jīfěng


text: jīfèng

title: jīfèng


text: jīcì

title: jīcì


text: jīcháo

title: jīcháo


text:
enlevar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to enrapture, to overjoy

title: enlevar


text: κορίτσαρου

title: κορίτσαρου


text: κορίτσαρο

title: κορίτσαρο


text: κορίτσαρε

title: κορίτσαρε


text: κορίτσαροι

title: κορίτσαροι


text: Thesaurus:嘲笑

title: Thesaurus:嘲笑


text: κορίτσαρους

title: κορίτσαρους


text: gǎoxiào

title: gǎoxiào


text: κορίτσαρων

title: κορίτσαρων


text:
πο-πό

Etymology
. Probably from Ancient Greek interjection ! .

Pronunciation

 * alternative variations:, , etc.
 * alternative variations:, , etc.

Interjection

 * : wow!
 * : yikes!
 * : oh dear! oh no!
 * : yikes!
 * : oh dear! oh no!
 * : oh dear! oh no!

title: πο-πό


text: Category:English terms borrowed from Dhuwal


text: Category:Terms borrowed from Dhuwal

title: Category:Terms borrowed from Dhuwal


text: suǒxìng

title: suǒxìng


text: Category:English terms derived from Eastern Maninkakan


text: Category:Terms derived from Eastern Maninkakan


text: πό-πο

title: πό-πο


text:
កោរីល

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) gorilla

title: កោរីល


text: Category:Eastern Maninkakan language

title: Category:Eastern Maninkakan language


text: mochowik

title: mochowik


text:
កៅឡា

Noun

 * 1) koala

title: កៅឡា


text: πόπο

title: πόπο


text: ποποπό

title: ποποπό


text:
πωπώ

Interjection

 * 1)  as

title: πωπώ


text:
ប្រេងសាំង

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) petrol; gasoline

title: ប្រេងសាំង


text:
ក្រឹម

Noun

 * 1) fighting fish

title: ក្រឹម


text: Citations:sacco

title: Citations:sacco


text:
волшба

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  magic, sorcery

title: волшба


text:
обжечься

Verb

 * 1) to burn oneself

title: обжечься


text:
ಸ್ಥಾನ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) place, location
 * 2) position
 * 1) position

title: ಸ್ಥಾನ


text:
ក្ដាំងងា

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) ylang ylang

title: ក្ដាំងងា


text: kiholanzi

title: kiholanzi


text: Ciceter

title: Ciceter


text:
सोची

Etymology 1
.

title: सोची


text: -άκηδες

title: -άκηδες


text: -άκηδων

title: -άκηδων


text:
holanzi

Adjective

 * 1) Dutch

title: holanzi


text: Category:hi:Cities in Russia

title: Category:hi:Cities in Russia


text:
chamber horse

Noun

 * 1)  A spring-loaded seat designed for indoor exercise, simulating a ride on a horse.

title: chamber horse


text: chamber horses

title: chamber horses


text: Template:bn-noun-i-inan

title: Template:bn-noun-i-inan


text:
brzechwa

Noun

 * 1) shaft
 * 2) stabilizer

title: brzechwa


text:
horse guard wasp

Noun

 * 1) A large sand wasp  of the eastern United States which preys primarily on horseflies.

title: horse guard wasp


text: horse guard wasps

title: horse guard wasps


text:
diṭṭha

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) seen
 * 2) found

Descendants

 * (ॾिठ(diṭṭha)- Past stem of ॾिसणु - to see)
 * (diṭṭhami)(verb; i saw)(Other forms : ॾिठल(diṭṭhala)(past participle; seen))

title: diṭṭha


text:
তুলা

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) cotton
 * 2) cotton of
 * 1) cotton of

Etymology 2

.

Noun

 * 1) balance, scale

Noun

 * 1)  (“balance”)

title: তুলা


text:
sitarz

Etymology
From Polish.

Noun

 * 1) sieve-maker

title: sitarz


text:
তুলী

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) mattress

title: তুলী


text: 海豐

title: 海豐


text: 海丰

title: 海丰


text:
sitnik

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sieve-maker

Noun

 * 1) any mushroom of the order
 * 2) any rush of the family
 * 1) any rush of the family
 * 1) any rush of the family
 * 1) any rush of the family

title: sitnik


text: FERPA

title: FERPA


text: recontextualisation

title: recontextualisation


text:
তুলি

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) paintbrush

Noun

 * 1) paintbrush

title: তুলি


text:
intraculturally

Adverb

 * 1) In an intracultural way; within a culture.

title: intraculturally


text:
তূলী

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) paintbrush

title: তূলী


text: Hanned

title: Hanned


text: recontextualisations

title: recontextualisations


text:
pseudo-skull

Noun

 * 1)  An object that merely has the appearance of a skull.

title: pseudo-skull


text:
Hann function

Etymology
Named after the Austrian meteorologist.

Noun

 * 1)  A discrete window function, $$w(n)= \frac{1}{2}\; \left(1 - \cos \left ( \frac{2 \pi n}{N-1} \right) \right)$$, typically used to select a subset of a series of samples in order to perform a Fourier transform or other calculation.

title: Hann function


text: openess

title: openess


text:
kłoć

Noun

 * 1) sawgrass

title: kłoć


text:
তোলা

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) lifted
 * 2) collected
 * 3) promoted
 * 4) brought up

Noun

 * 1) a traditional unit of measuring the weight of thread.

Verb

 * 1) to lift, elevate
 * 2) to accumulate, collect
 * 3) to promote
 * 4) to bring up
 * 1) to promote
 * 2) to bring up
 * 1) to bring up

Etymology
,, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to lift, to raise
 * 2)  to wake up
 * 3)  to capture, to take
 * 1)  to capture, to take
 * 1)  to capture, to take

title: তোলা


text:
mukluk telegraph

Noun

 * 1) The spread of information and gossip by word of mouth in rural Alaska.

title: mukluk telegraph


text:
बाकू

Etymology
, from, from.

title: बाकू


text:
marzyca

Noun

 * 1) bogrush

title: marzyca


text:
ostrzew

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) any sedge of the genus
 * 1) any sedge of the genus

title: ostrzew


text:
moccasin telegraph

Noun

 * 1) An informal communication network among the native peoples in North America.

title: moccasin telegraph


text: moccasin telegraphs

title: moccasin telegraphs


text:
Talk:avania

RFV discussion: March 2018
There are 0 hits for اواني in all the 20 dictionaries compiled in lisaan.net. I have written of a more plausible etymology in which I hope will aid clearing things for the English lemma as well (although I found not the meaning of the Turkish term because I don’t know Turkish):

 * From, from , from .

 * What is being asked for here? The lemma is already cited. It looks like you are asking for a verification of the etymology. Perhaps the Etymology scriptorium might be a better place for this. Kiwima (talk) 21:21, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

 * My bad: I thought requests for verification entailed verification of etymologies as well, but now I know better

title: Talk:avania


text: cibora

title: cibora


text:
ponikło

Etymology
From.

title: ponikło


text:
reshade

Verb

 * 1)  To render again with different shading.

title: reshade


text: Maorolf

title: Maorolf


text: reshaded

title: reshaded


text: reshades

title: reshades


text: reshading

title: reshading


text:
Postel's law

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The design principle that software should be conservative as to its own behaviour (i.e. strictly compliant with specifications) but liberal in the behaviour it tolerates from other systems.

title: Postel's law


text:
Lilleri Lalleri

Etymology
From a Finnish folk riddle.

Proper noun

 * 1) Humpty Dumpty character in folklore

title: Lilleri Lalleri


text:
sitowiec

Etymology
From.

title: sitowiec


text: DJTA

title: DJTA


text:
bylica

Noun

 * 1) artemisia

title: bylica


text: pseudo-skulls

title: pseudo-skulls


text: Naothart

title: Naothart


text: Aonolf

title: Aonolf


text: Sconhari

title: Sconhari


text: Aotakchar

title: Aotakchar


text: yìshēngjūn

title: yìshēngjūn


text: yìshēngjùn

title: yìshēngjùn


text: Aostargaoz

title: Aostargaoz


text: Adalhaoh

title: Adalhaoh


text:
益菌

Noun

 * 1)  probiotic

title: 益菌


text: Bertcaoz

title: Bertcaoz


text:
bukwica

Etymology
.

title: bukwica


text: yìjūn

title: yìjūn


text: yìjùn

title: yìjùn


text: Aothram

title: Aothram


text:
Roata

Proper noun

 * 1)  a placename

title: Roata


text: इस्तांबुल

title: इस्तांबुल


text:
компостировать мозги

Verb

 * 1)  to annoy, to molest; to nag persistently

title: компостировать мозги


text: murder simulators

title: murder simulators


text:
горельефный

Adjective

 * 1)  high relief

title: горельефный


text:
bielica

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1) podzol

title: bielica


text: Nyoirin Kannon

title: Nyoirin Kannon


text:
живородящий

Etymology
, from, present active imperfective participle of. In modern Russian is only used as a perfective verb and doesn't have the present tense.

Adjective

 * 1) viviparous giving birth to live babies (as opposed to by laying eggs)

title: живородящий


text: Aotperht

title: Aotperht


text: maqtaq

title: maqtaq


text:
にょいりんかんのん

Proper noun

 * , a manifestation of Bodhisattva

title: にょいりんかんのん


text: Hruodgaoz

title: Hruodgaoz


text: Caozperht

title: Caozperht


text: Traostilo

title: Traostilo


text: Deonant

title: Deonant


text:
переподвыподверт

Noun

 * 1)  a complicated expression or way of expressing ideas

title: переподвыподверт


text: Aostarpald

title: Aostarpald


text: Gaozrich

title: Gaozrich


text: Adalfrao

title: Adalfrao


text: Aotker

title: Aotker


text: Aotuni

title: Aotuni


text: Coazmar

title: Coazmar


text: Noathart

title: Noathart


text:
гинуть

Etymology
Variant of.

Verb

 * 1)  to disappear, to vanish, to die

Usage notes

 * Seldom used without prefixes in the modern Russian.

title: гинуть


text:
Oatlant

Proper noun

 * 1)  a place name

title: Oatlant


text: Aistolf

title: Aistolf


text:
яйцекладущий

Adjective

 * 1) oviparous
 * 2) monotreme
 * 1) monotreme
 * 1) monotreme

title: яйцекладущий


text:
Pazauuue

Proper noun

 * 1)  Passau

title: Pazauuue


text:
Talk:Pazauuue

Really three Us in a row? Equinox ◑ 04:59, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pazauuue


text:
scripture cake

Noun

 * 1)  A cake whose recipe references lines from the King James Bible as ingredients in encoded form, where the ingredient is a noun found in that verse. The recipe is used to induce biblical learning and rote memorization of this particular edition of the Bible.

title: scripture cake


text:
Rastrelliger

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * ,, - species

title: Rastrelliger


text:
दुबई

Etymology
.

title: दुबई


text: Liutpald

title: Liutpald


text: Deotrich

title: Deotrich


text: Teoruni

title: Teoruni


text: Eodunc

title: Eodunc


text: Eonolt

title: Eonolt


text: Eonhilt

title: Eonhilt


text: Uuolfleoz

title: Uuolfleoz


text: Hleoperht

title: Hleoperht


text: Leohtilo

title: Leohtilo


text: Leotholf

title: Leotholf


text: Deoinga

title: Deoinga


text: Herideo

title: Herideo


text:
жарение

Noun

 * 1) frying
 * 2) roasting

title: жарение


text: Reod

title: Reod


text: Feoht

title: Feoht


text: Smeoha

title: Smeoha


text: Plepinga

title: Plepinga


text: Deotolf

title: Deotolf


text: Diotmar

title: Diotmar


text: Ruodauui

title: Ruodauui


text: Ackilinda

title: Ackilinda


text: Ekkirih

title: Ekkirih


text: Diudolf

title: Diudolf


text:
Talk:tenuis

English
Are there more senses? The wordings "pure tenues" = "unaspirated tenues" and "aspirated tenues" = "tenues aspirate" = "tenues aspiratae" hints that there might be two meanings: --- aspirated unvoiced muta (like ph, th, kh) might be called aspirate (in a strict sense) as Greek has no bh or similar, or "aspirated tenues" as if it were another independent term and not an oxymoron which it really would be (The Greek and non-Greek differentiation in the entry makes this two senses.) --- hence the differentiation between unaspirated and aspirated tenues. Otherwise "unaspirated tenues" would be an unneeded tautology and "aspirated tenues" an oxymoron. Are the parts of speech correct and correctly defined (first adjective, then noun)? It could be more likely that there is a noun borrowed from Latin and then pseudo-compound or adjective-like usage. -05:20, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * strict sense: unaspirated unvoiced muta (like p, t, k)
 * broad sense: unvoiced muta (like p, t, k, ph, th, kh)

title: Talk:tenuis


text: Category:Middle English class 3 strong verbs


text: Husina

title: Husina


text: Hroadant

title: Hroadant


text:
敵國

Noun

 * 1) enemy state; enemy country

title: 敵國


text: Hrodpirin

title: Hrodpirin


text: 敌国

title: 敌国


text: looks forward to

title: looks forward to


text: looking forward to

title: looking forward to


text: looked forward to

title: looked forward to


text:
gamrat

Etymology
or, from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  companion, friend
 * 2)  lover

title: gamrat


text:
Welant

Proper noun

 * 1)  Old High German name of  Wayland
 * 1)  Old High German name of  Wayland

Declension
The declension is speculative

title: Welant


text:
shoepak

Etymology
Borrowing from the Lenape Indian word “shipak”, influenced by.

Noun

 * 1) A heavy leather, ankle-high shoe, similar to a moccasin in that it lacks a separate sole.
 * 2) A heavy lined workboot worn by loggers and used in the military.
 * 1) A heavy lined workboot worn by loggers and used in the military.
 * 1) A heavy lined workboot worn by loggers and used in the military.
 * 1) A heavy lined workboot worn by loggers and used in the military.

title: shoepak


text: shoepaks

title: shoepaks


text:
User:Chuck Entz/Celery family plants

=Taxonomic=

Trachyspermum

 * 1) ajwain
 * 2) ajmoda

Not assigned to a Tribe

 *  Falc. ex Edgew.
 *  Riedl & Kuber
 *  M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan
 *  Hedge & Lamond
 *  Pimenov & V. N. Tikhom
 *  L.
 *  W. D. J. Koch
 *  Hoffm.
 *  L. (includes )
 *  Boiss. & Heldr.
 *  Turcz.
 *  Boiss.
 *  W. D. J. Koch
 *  Koidz.
 *  Turcz.
 *  Hand.-Mazz.
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Margot & Reut.
 *  Farille
 *  Hoffm.
 *  Hill (Lovage)
 *  Leute
 *  L. (Licorice-Root)
 *  Turcz.
 *  Pimenov
 *  V. N. Tikhom. & Lavrova
 *  W. D. J. Koch ex DC.
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Mill.
 *  Wolf
 *  Hedge & Lamond
 *  W. D. J. Koch
 *  Ledeb.
 *  V. N. Tikhom.
 *  Soják
 *  Tamamsch.
 *  H. Wolff
 *  C. Norman
 *  Lindl.
 *  Franch.
 *  Schischk.
 *  Mill.
 *  H. Wolff ex R. H. Shan & F. T. Pu
 *  H. Wolff
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Boiss.
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Regel
 *  H. Wolff
 *  W. D. J. Koch

Conium, Levisticum, Ligusticum, Meum, Opopanax

Conium

 * 1) bennet
 * 2) conium
 * 3) devil's bread
 * 4) hemlock
 * 5) herb bennet
 * 6) poison hemlock
 * 7) water hemlock

Levisticum

 * 1) lovage

Ligusticum

 * 1) chuchupate
 * 2) licorice root
 * 3) lovage
 * 4) nondo
 * 5) osha
 * 6) sea parsley
 * 7) Szechuan lovage

Meum

 * 1) baldmoney
 * 2) bearwort
 * 3) meon
 * 4) meu
 * 5) meum
 * 6) spignel

Opopanax

 * 1) opopanax

Prangos

 * 1) prangos

Tribe

 *  Forst
 *  Hook
 *  Dawson
 *  Dawson
 *  Dawson

 * 1) speargrass

Tribe

 *  Cham. & Schltdl.
 *  DC.
 *  Eckl. & Zeyh.
 *  B. L. Burtt
 *  Raf.
 *  W. D. J. Koch

Tribe

 *  L.
 *  Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

Bupleurum

Buplureum

 * 1) bupleurum
 * 2) hare's ear
 * 3) thoroughwax

Tribe

 *  Raf.
 *  L.
 *  L. (includes )
 *  Miq.
 *  C. A. Mey.
 *  Fabr.
 *  K. Koch
 *  Rech. f.
 *  DC.
 *  Rchb.
 *  Boiss.
 *  Coss. & Durieu ex Batt. & Trab.

Aegopodium

 * 1) ashweed
 * 2) bishop's-weed
 * 3) goutweed
 * 4) goutwort
 * 5) ground elder
 * 6) herb Gerard
 * 7) masterwort

Carum

 * 1) caraway
 * 2) Persian cumin

Falcaria

 * 1) sickleweed

Tribe

 *  H. Wolff

Tribe

 *  Benth.

Tribe

 *  Hoffm.
 *  L. (includes )

Coriandrum

 * 1) Chinese parsley
 * 2) cilantro
 * 3) coriander
 * 4) devil's herb
 * 5) dhania

Tribe

 *  DC.
 *  Boiss.
 *  L.
 *  Pimenov
 *  Balf. f.
 *  Lindl.
 *  M. F. Watson & E. L. Barclay, nom. inval.

 * 1) sea parsnip

Tribe

 *  Nutt.
 * 1) harbinger-of-spring

Tribe

 *  B.-E. van Wyk
 *  Raf.
 *  Baker
 *  B.-E. van Wyk
 *  Hilliard & B. L. Burtt
 *  Cham. & Schltdl.
 *  M. F. Watson & E. L. Barclay, nom. inval.
 *  Eckl. & Zeyh.
 *  B.-E. van Wyk
 *  C. Norman
 *  B.-E. van Wyk

Tribe

 *  Rech. f. & Kuber
 *  H. Wolff
 *  M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan
 *  M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan
 *  Korovin
 *  Leute
 *  Pimenov & Kljuykov

Tribe

 *  Cham. & Schltdl.

Tribe

 *  H. Wolff

Tribe

 *  DC.
 *  W. D. J. Koch
 *  L. (Water Hemlock)
 *  DC. (includes )
 *  DC.
 *  Engelm. & A. Gray
 *  Rose
 *  W. D. J. Koch
 *  Greene
 *  Mathias & Constance
 *  Hemsl.
 *  L.
 *  Raf.
 *  Rchb. (includes )
 *  Raf.
 *  L. (includes )
 *  DC.
 *  Nutt. ex DC.

Cicuta, Cryptotaenia, Oenanthe, Perideridia, Sium

Cicuta

 * 1) cicuta
 * 2) corobane
 * 3) cowbane
 * 4) cow weed
 * 5) death-of-man
 * 6) hemlock
 * 7) water hemlock

Cryptotaenia

 * 1) honewort
 * 2) mitsuba

Oenanthe

 * 1) dropwort
 * 2) water dropwort

Perideridia

 * 1) epos
 * 2) ipos
 * 3) yamp
 * 4) yampah

Sium

 * 1) skirret
 * 2) water parsnip

Tribe

 *  Cannon & W. L. Theob.

Tribe

 *  Boiss.
 *  Pimenov & Lavrova
 *  L.
 *  Pimenov
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Boiss.
 *  Miq.
 *  Mozaff.
 *  Vis.
 *  Baker
 *  L. (includes )
 *  Edgew.
 *  (H. Boissieu) Kitag.
 *  Korovin

Pimpinella

 * 1) anise
 * 2) aniseed
 * 3) breakstone
 * 4) burnet saxifrage
 * 5) pimpernel
 * 6) pimpinel

Tribe

 *  Ledeb.
 *  K. Koch
 *  Bunge
 *  Lindl.
 *  DC.
 *  F. O. Khass. & I. I. Malzev
 *  Lipsky
 *  Cusson
 *  Hoffm.
 *  Kljuykov & Pimenov
 *  Klotzsch
 *  Lindl.

Tribe

 *  Adans.
 *  Rchb.
 *  L. (includes )
 *  L. (Rock Samphire)
 *  Lag.
 *  Fenzl
 *  Lipsky
 *  Pimenov & Kljuykov
 *  H. Wolff
 *  Bunge
 *  Pimenov & Kljuykov
 *  Korovin
 *  L.
 *  (Koso-Pol.) Nevski
 *  Korovin
 *  Boiss.
 *  Speg.
 *  Koso-Pol.
 *  Rauschert
 *  Schischk.
 *  Kljuykov
 *  Boiss.
 *  DC.
 *  Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
 *  Regel & Schmalh.
 *  Spreng.
 *  L.
 *  Pimenov & Kljuykov

Bunium, Crithmum, Lagoecia?

Bunium

 * 1) black caraway
 * 2) black cumin
 * 3) earthnut
 * 4) hognut
 * 5) jarnut
 * 6) kippernut

Crithmum

 * 1) crestmarine
 * 2) rock samphire
 * 3) samphire
 * 4) sea fennel

Tribe

 *  Fenzl
 *  F. Delaroche
 *  L.
 *  L.
 *  L. (names include Eryngo and Sea holly, includes )
 *  Neck. ex DC.
 *  Caruel
 *  L.

Astrantia, Eryngium, Sanicula

Astrantia

 * 1) astrantia
 * 2) masterwort

Eryngium

 * 1) chadon beni
 * 2) culantro
 * 3) eryngium
 * 4) eryngo
 * 5) field eryngo
 * 6) fitweed
 * 7) rattlesnake master
 * 8) rattlesnake root
 * 9) sea holly
 * 10) sea holm
 * 11) sea hulver
 * 12) shado beni
 * 13) Watling Street thistle

Sanicula

 * 1) black snakeroot
 * 2) sanicle
 * 3) woodmarch.

Tribe

 *  DC.
 *  L.

Smyrnium

Smyrnium

 * 1) alexanders
 * 2) olusatrum
 * 3) stanmarch

Tribe

 *  B. L. Burtt
 *  Hochst.

Tribe

 *  C. Norman
 *  P. J. D. Winter
 *  Gaertn.
 *  DC. ex C. A. Mey.
 *  Eckl. & Zeyh.
 *  Neck. ex Raf.
 *  Boiss.
 *  A. Rich.
 *  Magee
 *  B.-E. van Wyk
 *  Magee & B.-E. van Wyk
 *  E. Mey. ex Sond.

Tribe subtribe Tordyliinae

 *  L.
 *  Alava
 *  Farille
 *  Hoffm.
 *  Alava
 *  L. (includes )
 *  Regel & Herder
 *  C. A. Mey.
 *  (DC.) Manden.
 *  DC.
 *  L. (Hartworts)
 *  Boiss.
 *  P. K. Mukh. & Constance
 *  Hoffm.

Heracleum, Pastinaca

Heracleum

 * 1) bear's breech
 * 2) cow parsnip
 * 3) hogweed
 * 4) pigweed
 * 5) pushki

Pastinaca

 * 1) more
 * 2) parsnip

Tordylium

 * 1) hartwort

Subfamily Azorelloideae (from Wikipedia)

 * Asteriscium
 * Azorella
 * Bolax
 * Bowlesia
 * Dichosciadium
 * Dickinsia
 * Diplaspis
 * Diposis
 * Domeykoa
 * Drusa
 * Eremocharis
 * Gymnophyton
 * Hermas
 * Homalocarpus
 * Huanaca
 * Laretia
 * Mulinum
 * Oschatzia
 * Pozoa
 * Schizeilema
 * Spananthe

 * 1) yareta

Subfamily Mackinlayoideae (from Wikipedia)

 * Actinotus Labill.
 * Apiopetalum Baill.
 * Centella L.
 * Chlaenosciadium C. Norman
 * Mackinlaya F. Muell.
 * Micropleura Lag.
 * Pentapeltis (Endl.) Bunge
 * Platysace Bunge
 * Schoenolaena Bunge
 * Xanthosia Rudge

Actinotus

 * 1) flannel flower
 * 2) satinflower

Centella

 * 1) Asiatic pennywort
 * 2) pegaga
 * 3) pennywort
 * 4) tiger grass

Platysace

 * 1) kanna

Aciphylleae

 * 1) Aciphylla
 * 2) Anisotome
 * 3) Gingidia
 * 4) Lignocarpa
 * 5) Scandia

Annesorhizeae

 * 1) Annesorhiza
 * 2) Astydamia
 * 3) Chamarea
 * 4) Ezosciadium
 * 5) Itasina
 * 6) Molopospermum

Apieae

 * 1) Ammi
 * 2) Anethum
 * 3) Apium
 * 4) Billburttia
 * 5) Canaria
 * 6) Deverra
 * 7) Foeniculum
 * 8) Modesciadium
 * 9) Naufraga
 * 10) Petroselinum
 * 11) Pseudoridolfia
 * 12) Ridolfia
 * 13) Schoenoselinum
 * 14) Sclerosciadium
 * 15) Stoibrax
 * 16) Visnaga

Bupleureae

 * 1) Bupleurum

Careae

 * 1) Aegokeras
 * 2) Aegopodium
 * 3) Carum
 * 4) Chamaele
 * 5) Chamaesciadium
 * 6) Falcaria
 * 7) Fuernrohria
 * 8) Gongylosciadium
 * 9) Grammosciadium
 * 10) Hladnikia
 * 11) Rhabdosciadium
 * 12) Vinogradovia

Chamaesieae

 * 1) Chamaesium

Choritaenieae

 * 1) Choritaenia

Coriandreae

 * 1) Bifora
 * 2) Coriandrum
 * 3) Krubera

Echinophoreae

 * 1) Anisosciadium
 * 2) Dicyclophora
 * 3) Echinophora
 * 4) Pycnocycla

Erigenieae

 * 1) Erigenia

Heteromorpheae

 * 1) Andriana
 * 2) Anginon
 * 3) Anisopoda
 * 4) Cannaboides
 * 5) Dracosciadium
 * 6) Glia
 * 7) Heteromorpha
 * 8) Normantha
 * 9) Physotrichia
 * 10) Polemannia
 * 11) Pseudocannaboides
 * 12) Pseudocarum
 * 13) Tana

Komarovieae

 * 1) Calyptrosciadium
 * 2) Changium
 * 3) Chuanminshen
 * 4) Cyclorhiza
 * 5) Komarovia
 * 6) Parasilaus
 * 7) Sphaerosciadium

Lichtensteinieae

 * 1) Lichtensteinia

Marlothielleae

 * 1) Marlothiella

Oenantheae

 * 1) Apodicarpum
 * 2) Atrema
 * 3) Berula
 * 4) Cicuta
 * 5) Cryptotaenia
 * 6) Cynosciadium
 * 7) Daucosma
 * 8) Harperella
 * 9) Helosciadium
 * 10) Lilaeopsis
 * 11) Limnosciadium
 * 12) Neogoezia
 * 13) Oenanthe
 * 14) Oxypolis
 * 15) Perideridia
 * 16) Ptilimnium
 * 17) Sium
 * 18) Tiedemannia
 * 19) Trepocarpus
 * 20) Trocdaris

Phlyctidocarpeae

 * 1) Phlyctidocarpa

Pimpinelleae

 * 1) Aphanopleura
 * 2) Arafoe
 * 3) Bubon
 * 4) Demavendia
 * 5) Frommia
 * 6) Haussknechtia
 * 7) Nothosmyrnium
 * 8) Opsicarpium
 * 9) Phellolophium
 * 10) Pimpinella
 * 11) Psammogeton
 * 12) Zeravschania

Pleurospermeae

 * 1) Aulacospermum
 * 2) Eleutherospermum
 * 3) Eremodaucus
 * 4) Hymenidium
 * 5) Korshinskya
 * 6) Physospermum
 * 7) Pleurospermum
 * 8) Pseudotrachydium
 * 9) Trachydium

Pyramidoptereae

 * 1) Ammoides
 * 2) Astomaea
 * 3) Bunium
 * 4) Crithmum
 * 5) Cyclospermum
 * 6) Elaeosticta
 * 7) Galagania
 * 8) Gongylotaxis
 * 9) Hellenocarum
 * 10) Hyalolaena
 * 11) Indoschulzia
 * 12) Kosopoljanskia
 * 13) Lagoecia
 * 14) Lipskya
 * 15) Mogoltavia
 * 16) Muretia
 * 17) Neomuretia
 * 18) Notiosciadium
 * 19) Oedibasis
 * 20) Oreoschimperella
 * 21) Ormopterum
 * 22) Postiella
 * 23) Pyramidoptera
 * 24) Scaligeria
 * 25) Schrenkia
 * 26) Schtschurowskia
 * 27) Schulzia
 * 28) Sison
 * 29) Tamamschjanella
 * 30) Trachyspermum

Daucinae

 * 1) Ammodaucus
 * 2) Cuminum
 * 3) Daucus
 * 4) Ekimia
 * 5) Laser
 * 6) Laserpitium
 * 7) Orlaya
 * 8) Siler
 * 9) Silphiodaucus
 * 10) Thapsia

Ferulinae

 * 1) Autumnalia
 * 2) Fergania
 * 3) Ferula
 * 4) Kafirnigania

Scandicinae

 * 1) Anthriscus
 * 2) Athamanta
 * 3) Chaerophyllopsis
 * 4) Chaerophyllum
 * 5) Conopodium
 * 6) Geocaryum
 * 7) Kozlovia
 * 8) Myrrhis
 * 9) Osmorhiza
 * 10) Scandix
 * 11) Sphallerocarpus
 * 12) Todaroa

Torilidinae

 * 1) Astrodaucus
 * 2) Caucalis
 * 3) Glochidotheca
 * 4) Lisaea
 * 5) Szovitsia
 * 6) Torilis
 * 7) Turgenia
 * 8) Yabea

Selineae

 * 1) Aethusa
 * 2) Aletes
 * 3) Ammoselinum
 * 4) Angelica
 * 5) Apiastrum
 * 6) Arracacia
 * 7) Aulospermum
 * 8) Carlesia
 * 9) Cervaria
 * 10) Chymsydia
 * 11) Cnidium
 * 12) Coaxana
 * 13) Cortia
 * 14) Cortiella
 * 15) Cotopaxia
 * 16) Coulterophytum
 * 17) Cymopterus
 * 18) Dahliaphyllum
 * 19) Dichoropetalum
 * 20) Dimorphosciadium
 * 21) Diplotaenia
 * 22) Donnellsmithia
 * 23) Dystaenia
 * 24) Endressia
 * 25) Enantiophylla
 * 26) Eurytaenia
 * 27) Exoacantha
 * 28) Ferulopsis
 * 29) Glehnia
 * 30) Harbouria
 * 31) Hippomarathrum
 * 32) Imperatoria
 * 33) Johrenia
 * 34) Kadenia
 * 35) Kailashia
 * 36) Karatavia
 * 37) Kedarnatha
 * 38) Ledebouriella
 * 39) Ledebouriella
 * 40) Ligusticopsis
 * 41) Lomatocarpa
 * 42) Lomatocarpa
 * 43) Macrosciadium
 * 44) Mathiasella
 * 45) Melanosciadium
 * 46) Musineon
 * 47) Myrrhidendron
 * 48) Neonelsonia
 * 49) Neoparrya
 * 50) Niphogeton
 * 51) Oligocladus
 * 52) Oreocome
 * 53) Oreonana
 * 54) Oreoselinum
 * 55) Oreoxis
 * 56) Ormosolenia
 * 57) Ostericum
 * 58) Ottoa
 * 59) Paraligusticum
 * 60) Perissocoeleum
 * 61) Peucedanum
 * 62) Phlojodicarpus
 * 63) Pilopleura
 * 64) Podistera
 * 65) Polytaenia
 * 66) Prionosciadium
 * 67) Pseudocymopterus
 * 68) Pteroselinum
 * 69) Pteryxia
 * 70) Rhodosciadium
 * 71) Rhysopterus
 * 72) Rumia
 * 73) Sajanella
 * 74) Saposhnikovia
 * 75) Selinum
 * 76) Seseli
 * 77) Shoshonea
 * 78) Siculosciadium
 * 79) Sillaphyton
 * 80) Spermolepis
 * 81) Stenocoelium
 * 82) Taenidia
 * 83) Thaspium
 * 84) Tauschia
 * 85) Thecocarpus
 * 86) Thysselinum
 * 87) Tommasinia
 * 88) Trinia
 * 89) Trochiscanthes
 * 90) Vesper
 * 91) Villarrealia
 * 92) Vicatia
 * 93) Xanthogalum
 * 94) Xatardia
 * 95) Xanthoselinum
 * 96) Zizia

Smyrnieae

 * 1) Lecokia
 * 2) Smyrnium

Tordylieae

 * 1) Afroligusticum
 * 2) Afrosciadium
 * 3) Capnophyllum
 * 4) Cymbocarpum
 * 5) Cynorhiza
 * 6) Dasispermum
 * 7) Ducrosia
 * 8) Heracleum
 * 9) Kandaharia
 * 10) Lalldhwojia
 * 11) Lefebvrea
 * 12) Leiotulus
 * 13) Malabaila
 * 14) Nanobubon
 * 15) Notobubon
 * 16) Ormosciadium
 * 17) Pastinaca
 * 18) Pastinacopsis
 * 19) Scaraboides
 * 20) Semenovia
 * 21) Tetrataenium
 * 22) Tordyliopsis
 * 23) Tordylium
 * 24) Trigonosciadium
 * 25) Vanasushava
 * 26) Zosima

Acronema Clade

 * 1) Acronema
 * 2) Halosciastrum
 * 3) Harrysmithia
 * 4) Kitagawia
 * 5) Ligusticum
 * 6) Meeboldia
 * 7) Oreocomopsis
 * 8) Pachypleurum
 * 9) Pternopetalum
 * 10) Pterygopleurum
 * 11) Rupiphila
 * 12) Sinocarum
 * 13) Spuriopimpinella
 * 14) Tilingia

Arcuatopterus Clade

 * 1) Arcuatopterus

Cachrys Clade

 * 1) Azillia
 * 2) Bilacunaria
 * 3) Cachrys
 * 4) Diplotaenia
 * 5) Eriocycla
 * 6) Ferulago
 * 7) Prangos

Conioselinum chinense Clade

 * 1) Dethawia
 * 2) Meum
 * 3) Mutellina
 * 4) Rivasmartinezia

Conium Clade

 * 1) Conium

Diplolophium Clade

 * 1) Diplolophium

Opopanax Clade

 * 1) Opopanax
 * 2) Smyrniopsis

Physospermopsis Clade

 * 1) Hansenia
 * 2) Haplosphaera
 * 3) Heptaptera
 * 4) Hymenolaena
 * 5) Keraymonia
 * 6) Notopterygium
 * 7) Physospermopsis
 * 8) Sinolimprichtia
 * 9) Tongoloa

Pleurospermopsis Clade

 * 1) Pleurospermopsis

Sinodielsia Clade

 * 1) Cenolophium
 * 2) Conioselinum
 * 3) Levisticum
 * 4) Lithosciadium
 * 5) Paulita
 * 6) Pterocyclus
 * 7) Seselopsis
 * 8) Silaum
 * 9) Sinodielsia
 * 10) Sphaenolobium
 * 11) Kuramosciadium

Genera assigned to neither Tribes nor Clades

 * 1) Afrosison
 * 2) Angoseseli
 * 3) Bonannia

Azorelloideae

 * 1) Asteriscium
 * 2) Azorella
 * 3) Bolax
 * 4) Bowlesia
 * 5) Dichosciadium
 * 6) Dickinsia
 * 7) Diplaspis
 * 8) Diposis
 * 9) Domeykoa
 * 10) Drusa
 * 11) Eremocharis
 * 12) Homalocarpus
 * 13) Klotzschia
 * 14) Gymnophyton
 * 15) Oschatzia
 * 16) Pozoa
 * 17) Spananthe

Mackinlayoideae

 * 1) Actinotus
 * 2) Apiopetalum
 * 3) Brachyscias
 * 4) Centella
 * 5) Chlaenosciadium
 * 6) Mackinlaya
 * 7) Micropleura
 * 8) Pentapeltis
 * 9) Schoenolaena
 * 10) Xanthosia

Saniculeae

 * 1) Actinolema
 * 2) Alepidea
 * 3) Arctopus
 * 4) Astrantia
 * 5) Eryngium
 * 6) Petagnaea
 * 7) Sanicula

Steganotaenieae

 * 1) Polemanniopsis
 * 2) Steganotaenia

Unassigned genera

 * 1) Hermas
 * 2) Homalosciadium
 * 3) Platysace

=Raw list=

 * 1) ach
 * 2) ajmoda.
 * 3) ajwain.
 * 4) alexanders
 * 5) anise.
 * 6) aniseed.
 * 7) ashweed.
 * 8) Asiatic pennywort.
 * 9) astrantia.
 * 10) baldmoney.
 * 11) bear's breech.
 * 12) bearwort.
 * 13) bennet.
 * 14) bishop's-weed.
 * 15) black caraway.
 * 16) black cumin.
 * 17) black snakeroot.
 * 18) breakstone.
 * 19) bupleurum.
 * 20) burnet saxifrage.
 * 21) caraway.
 * 22) chadon beni.
 * 23) Chinese parsley.
 * 24) chuchupate.
 * 25) cicuta.
 * 26) cilantro.
 * 27) conium.
 * 28) coriander.
 * 29) corobane.
 * 30) cow parsnip.
 * 31) cow weed.
 * 32) cowbane.
 * 33) crestmarine.
 * 34) culantro.
 * 35) death-of-man.
 * 36) devil's bread.
 * 37) devil's herb.
 * 38) dhania.
 * 39) dropwort.
 * 40) earthnut.
 * 41) epos.
 * 42) eryngium.
 * 43) eryngo.
 * 44) field eryngo.
 * 45) fitweed.
 * 46) flannel flower.
 * 47) goutweed.
 * 48) goutwort.
 * 49) ground elder.
 * 50) harbinger-of-spring.
 * 51) hare's ear.
 * 52) hartwort.
 * 53) hemlock.
 * 54) herb bennet.
 * 55) herb Gerard.
 * 56) hognut.
 * 57) hogweed.
 * 58) honewort.
 * 59) ipos.
 * 60) jarnut.
 * 61) kanna.
 * 62) kippernut.
 * 63) lovage.
 * 64) meon.
 * 65) meu.
 * 66) meum.
 * 67) mitsuba.
 * 68) more.
 * 69) nondo.
 * 70) olusatrum.
 * 71) opopanax.
 * 72) osha.
 * 73) parsnip.
 * 74) pegaga.
 * 75) pennywort.
 * 76) Persian cumin.
 * 77) pigweed.
 * 78) pimpernel.
 * 79) pimpinel.
 * 80) poison hemlock.
 * 81) prangos.
 * 82) pushki
 * 83) rattlesnake master.
 * 84) rattlesnake root.
 * 85) rock samphire.
 * 86) samphire.
 * 87) sanicle.
 * 88) satinflower.
 * 89) sea fennel.
 * 90) sea holly.
 * 91) sea holm.
 * 92) sea hulver.
 * 93) sea parsley.
 * 94) sea parsnip.
 * 95) shado beni.
 * 96) sickleweed.
 * 97) skirret.
 * 98) speargrass.
 * 99) spignel.
 * 100) stanmarch.
 * 101) Szechuan lovage.
 * 102) thoroughwax.
 * 103) tiger grass.
 * 104) umbellifer-
 * 105) water dropwort.
 * 106) water hemlock.
 * 107) water parsnip.
 * 108) Watling Street thistle.
 * 109) woodmarch.
 * 110) yamp.
 * 111) yampah.
 * 112) yareta

=Potential=

title: User:Chuck Entz/Celery family plants


text:
strecchen

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) To stretch out, spread, extend
 * 2) To stretch, smoothen
 * 3) To reach, project, be located out to a point
 * 4)  To extend to, include, apply
 * 5)  To reach, attain
 * 6)  To be able to, to do
 * 7) To go, travel

title: strecchen


text:
gochna

Etymology
From truncation of.

title: gochna


text:
Italian parsley

Noun

 * 1) A flat-leafed type of parsley used in cooking and salads.

title: Italian parsley


text: Template:fi-decl-vieras-palvelu

title: Template:fi-decl-vieras-palvelu


text: Italian parsleys

title: Italian parsleys


text:
शारजाह

Etymology
, probably with influence from 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: शारजाह


text:
colinguist

Etymology
en

title: colinguist


text: colinguists

title: colinguists


text:
root parsley

Noun

 * 1) A type of parsley with a large edible root ( or ).

Synonyms

 * Hamburg parsley
 * turnip-rooted parsley

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German: Wurzelpetersilie, Petersilienwurzel
 * Swedish: rotpersilja

title: root parsley


text: Hamburg parsley

title: Hamburg parsley


text: turnip-rooted parsley

title: turnip-rooted parsley


text: turnip-rooted parsleys

title: turnip-rooted parsleys


text: Hamburg parsleys

title: Hamburg parsleys


text: root parsleys

title: root parsleys


text: ERSP

title: ERSP


text: ERSPs

title: ERSPs


text:
Talairach coordinate

Etymology
Named after.

Noun

 * 1)  Any coordinate in a three-dimensional coordinate system used to map the universal locations of structures in the human brain.

title: Talairach coordinate


text: Talairach coordinates

title: Talairach coordinates


text:
cytoadhesin

Noun

 * 1)  Any factor that enables cytoadhesion

title: cytoadhesin


text: cytocentrum

title: cytocentrum


text:
cytoclasis

Noun

 * 1)  cell fragmentation

Related terms

 * cytoclastic

Translations

 * Italian:

title: cytoclasis


text:
रियाद

Etymology
Ultimately from.

title: रियाद


text:
cytocrine

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to, or producing a secretion that is passed directly to another cell

Derived terms

 * cytocrine gland
 * cytocrine secretion

title: cytocrine


text:
cytodiagnosis

Noun

 * 1)  diagnosis by means of a study of the cells present in a sample

title: cytodiagnosis


text: cytodieresis

title: cytodieresis


text: cytodiagnoses

title: cytodiagnoses


text:
cytoenzymology

Noun

 * 1)  A branch of cytology that studies the enzymes present in cells

title: cytoenzymology


text:
cytogene

Noun

 * 1) A self-replicating fragment of DNA or chromosome located in the cytoplasm

Synonyms

 * plasmagene

title: cytogene


text:
Guta

Proper noun

 * 1) Ghouta

title: Guta


text:
cytolemma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The cell membrane

Derived terms

 * cytolemmal

title: cytolemma


text:
cytolipin

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a group of glycosphingolipids that sometimes show immunological properties

title: cytolipin


text:
hành tung

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) whereabouts, trail

title: hành tung


text: cytolymph

title: cytolymph


text:
Lemavi

Etymology
From, probably from + , from , meaning the "Elm People" or similar.

Proper noun

 * 1) A Celtic tribe of Gallaecia whose chief town was Dactonium

title: Lemavi


text:
Ghouta

Proper noun

 * 1) A suburb of Damascus, Syria

title: Ghouta


text: cytolysosome

title: cytolysosome


text: nịnh đầm

title: nịnh đầm


text:
napulog usa

Numeral

 * 1)  eleven

title: napulog usa


text: cytopempsis

title: cytopempsis


text:
Cytophagales

Hypernyms

 * Prokaryota - superkingdom; - kingdom; Bacteroidetes - phylum;  - class

title: Cytophagales


text:
Cytophagia

Hypernyms

 * Prokaryota - superkingdom; - kingdom; Bacteroidetes - phylum

title: Cytophagia


text: cytophil

title: cytophil


text:
cytophylactic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to cytophylaxis

title: cytophylactic


text:
cytophylaxis

Noun

 * 1) The protection of cells against cytolysis

Related terms

 * cytophylactic

title: cytophylaxis


text:
cytopoiesis

Noun

 * 1)  The formation of cells

Derived terms

 * dysmegakaryocytopoiesis

title: cytopoiesis


text:
cytopreparation

Noun

 * 1)  The preparation of a sample for cytological examination

Related terms

 * cytopreparatory

title: cytopreparation


text:
cytotactin

Noun

 * 1)  A tenascin cytotaxin

title: cytotactin


text:
cytotaxin

Noun

 * 1) Any material that causes cytotaxis

title: cytotaxin


text:
cytotropism

Noun

 * 1) The movement of cells in response to an external stimulus

Translations

 * Italian:

title: cytotropism


text:
cytozoic

Adjective

 * 1)  That lives within a cell

title: cytozoic


text:
Template:RQ:Shakespeare Lucrece/documentation

Usage
This template may be used in Wiktionary entries to format quotations from 's work Lucrece (, 1st quarto, 1594). It can be used to create a link to online versions of the work at Google Books and the Internet Archive:

 * 1st quarto (1594; archived at the Internet Archive).
 * 1886 facsimile of the work.

Parameters
The template takes the following parameters:

 * 1st quarto (1594)
 * sig or signature, and verso – as the work is unpaginated, sig or signature can be used to specify the signature number quoted from, which is indicated at the bottom centre of some pages. If quoting from a verso (left-hand) page specify 1 or yes; if verso is omitted, the template indicates that a recto (right-hand) page is quoted.
 * If quoting a range of signatures, for example, "signature B, recto – B, verso", use sig or signature, and verso, to specify the signature at the start of the range, and sigend or signatureend, and versoend, (if required) to specify the signature at the end of the range.
 * If this parameter is omitted, the template displays the URL of the online version of the work as a superscript link after the title of the work.
 * 1 or page – mandatory in some cases: use this parameter to specify the "page number" assigned by Google Books to the URL of the webpage to be linked to. For example, if the URL is, specify 9. This parameter must be specified to have the template link to the online version of the work.

 * 1886 facsimile
 * facsimile – mandatory: to quote the 1886 facsimile of the work, use 1 or yes.
 * 1 or page, or pages – mandatory in some cases: the page number(s) of the 1886 facsimile of the work. If using pages to quote a range of pages, note the following:
 * Separate the first and last pages of the range with an en dash, like this: 10–11.
 * You must also use pageref to specify the page number that the template should link to (usually the page on which the Wiktionary entry appears).
 * This parameter must be specified to have the template link to the online version of the work.

 * line or lines – the line number(s) in the 1886 facsimile quoted from. When referring to a passage that spans a number of lines, use an en dash like this: 10–11.

 * Both versions
 * 2, text, or passage – the passage to be quoted.
 * 3, t, or translation – a translation of the passage quoted into modern English.
 * footer – a comment about the passage quoted.
 * brackets – use on to surround a quotation with brackets. This indicates that the quotation either contains a mere mention of a term (for example, "some people find the word manoeuvre hard to spell") rather than an actual use of it (for example, "we need to manoeuvre carefully to avoid causing upset"), or does not provide an actual instance of a term but provides information about related terms.

1st quarto (1594)

 * Signature specified
 * Wikitext:
 * ; or
 * Result:
 * Result:

 * Signature not specified
 * Wikitext:
 * Result:


text: cytozyme

title: cytozyme


text: Category:Khmer women's speech terms

title: Category:Khmer women's speech terms


text:
מסובך

Adjective

 * 1) complicated
 * 2) difficult
 * 3) hard

title: מסובך


text:
ល្ង

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sesame,

title: ល្ង


text: מסבך

title: מסבך


text:
bolichero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  clubber someone who goes to a nightclub

title: bolichero


text:
molinería

Noun

 * 1) milling industry

title: molinería


text:
piscicultor

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pisciculturist

Noun

 * 1) fish farmer

title: piscicultor


text: piscicultora

title: piscicultora


text:
rollotráfico

Noun

 * 1) illegal timber trafficking

title: rollotráfico


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫzlъ

Etymology
Probably related to. Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) knot

Descendants

 * East Slavic:
 * South Slavic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Moravian :
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Moravian :
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Moravian :
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Moravian :
 * Sorbian:
 * Bohemian :
 * Moravian :
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫzlъ


text:
subvaloración

Noun

 * 1) undervaluing

title: subvaloración


text:
suxametonio

Noun

 * 1) suxamethonium

title: suxametonio


text:
timbó

Noun

 * 1) a species of tree,

title: timbó


text:
stronismo

Noun

 * 1) the reign of, or political beliefs of,, ruler of Paraguay 1954-1989

title: stronismo


text:
stronista

Adjective

 * 1)  of or supporting , or of his politics or beliefs

Noun

 * 1) a supporter of

title: stronista


text:
mitsuba

Etymology
From from  +.

Noun

 * 1) An East Asian herb grown, especially in Japan, for its flavorful leaves,.

Translations

 * Finnish: mitsuba, japaninyrttiputki

Noun

 * 1) mitsuba,

title: mitsuba


text:
rabiza

Etymology
From, and the suffix.

Noun

 * 1)  young turnip greens

Noun

 * 1) stilt of a plough
 * 2) shaft
 * 3) string or rope attached to an object (a bucket, a net) and used to pull from it
 * 1) string or rope attached to an object (a bucket, a net) and used to pull from it

Noun

 * 1)  connector
 * 2) harlot; wench (prostitute)
 * 1) harlot; wench (prostitute)

title: rabiza


text:
Lemos

Etymology
Attested as Lemaos since the 9th century; from, a local Celtic tribe; probably from , from.

title: Lemos


text:
вузол

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) knot

title: вузол


text:
bemetselen

Etymology
From nl.

Verb

 * 1)  to apply masonry to

title: bemetselen


text:
Iwerddoneg

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Irish language

title: Iwerddoneg


text:
vechtlust

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) eagerness to fight, truculence

title: vechtlust


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Slavic/ǫzlъ

Old Church Slavonic

 * the two forms ѫзлъ and вѫзлъ do not belong to Old Church Slavonic proper, but to the Serbian recension alone. Is it proper to list it as Old Church Slavonic and moreover derive the Bulgarian term from it? Guldrelokk (talk) 09:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * My bad, I'm a bit mechanic. Is this better? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 09:12, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Sure, thanks. Guldrelokk (talk) 09:15, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Proto-Slavic/ǫzlъ


text: azc

title: azc


text:
Eidal

Usage notes

 * This country name is always preceded by the definite article.

title: Eidal


text: azc's

title: azc's


text:
achterkleinkind

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) great-grandchild

title: achterkleinkind


text: achterkleinkinderen

title: achterkleinkinderen


text:
hoogbejaarde

Etymology
Inflected form of.

Noun

 * 1) Very old person.

title: hoogbejaarde


text:
ऊफ़ा

Etymology
.

title: ऊफ़ा


text:
vechtlustig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * , truculent

title: vechtlustig


text:
Category:Mixed verbs

This category contains mixed verbs: verbs in Germanic languages that have a weak past tense but strong past participle, or sometimes vice versa.

title: Category:Mixed verbs


text: Category:German mixed verbs

title: Category:German mixed verbs


text:
syntymävamma

Noun

 * 1) accident of birth undesirable fact, situation, or personal characteristic resulting from the circumstances into which a person was born

title: syntymävamma


text:
syntymälahja

Noun

 * 1) accident of birth desirable fact, situation, or personal characteristic resulting from the circumstances into which a person was born

title: syntymälahja


text:
dwerghoen

Etymology
Compound of.

title: dwerghoen


text: dwerghoenders

title: dwerghoenders


text:
napulog duha

Numeral

 * 1)  twelve

title: napulog duha


text:
व्लादिवोस्तोक

Etymology
.

title: व्लादिवोस्तोक


text:
hoenderkoper

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  merchant in chickens

title: hoenderkoper


text: hoenderkopers

title: hoenderkopers


text:
napulog tulo

Numeral

 * 1)  thirteen

title: napulog tulo


text:
ипләп

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) carefully, cautiously; neatly, gently
 * 2) unhurriedly
 * 3) appropriately

title: ипләп


text:
napulog upat

Numeral

 * 1)  fourteen

title: napulog upat


text:
boshoen

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) Any of several fowl of the genus ;.

title: boshoen


text: boshoenders

title: boshoenders


text: melkers

title: melkers


text:
hoendermelker

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) fowl fancier, fowl keeper or fowl breeder

title: hoendermelker


text: hoendermelkers

title: hoendermelkers


text:
দঙা

Adjective

 * 1) lifted

Verb

 * 1) to lift, elevate

title: দঙা


text:
korhoen

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) The , ,  syn. Tetrao tetrix

title: korhoen


text: korhoenders

title: korhoenders


text: korhoenderen

title: korhoenderen


text: korhoentje

title: korhoentje


text: korhoentjes

title: korhoentjes


text: korhanen

title: korhanen


text:
korhen

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) female.

title: korhen


text: korhennen

title: korhennen


text:
phenanthraquinone

Noun

 * 1)  Any quinone derived from phenanthrene, but especially 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-phenanthrenedione)

title: phenanthraquinone


text:
rakkelhoen

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A naturally occurring cross of a black grouse and a western capercaillie, reported to be exclusively male;  or.

title: rakkelhoen


text: dacryadenitis

title: dacryadenitis


text: dacryocele

title: dacryocele


text:
auerhoen

Etymology
Borrowed from ; compare.

title: auerhoen


text:
dacryocystogram

Etymology
or

Noun

 * 1)  A radiograph of the lacrimal apparatus.

Related terms

 * dacryocystography

title: dacryocystogram


text: auerhoenders

title: auerhoenders


text:
auerhaan

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) male, male

title: auerhaan


text: auerhanen

title: auerhanen


text:
auerhen

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) female, female

title: auerhen


text:
dacryops

Noun

 * 1) An excess of tears in the eye
 * 2)  A cyst in a lacrimal duct

title: dacryops


text: auerhennen

title: auerhennen


text:
mastr

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  the long pole on a ship to support the sail

title: mastr


text:
dacryolithiasis

Etymology
or

Noun

 * 1)  The formation, or the presence of dacryoliths.

title: dacryolithiasis


text:
berghoen

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) Any fowl of the genus ; a snowcock.
 * 2)  Any fowl of the genus.

title: berghoen


text: berghoenders

title: berghoenders


text: berghoenderen

title: berghoenderen


text:
dactylomegaly

Noun

 * 1)  The presence of enlarged digits

Synonyms

 * megadactyly

title: dactylomegaly


text:
dactylospasm

Noun

 * 1)  spasm (cramp) of the fingers or toes

title: dactylospasm


text:
dahllite

Noun

 * 1)  A form of calcium phosphate that has a structure similar to that of the mineral part of bones and teeth

Synonyms

 * podolite

title: dahllite


text:
dalapon

Alternative forms

 * Dalapon

Noun

 * 1)  The chlorinated carboxylic acid 2,2-dichloropropanoic acid that is used as a herbicide

title: dalapon


text:
nedstirre

Etymology
A misinterpretation of now rare or obsolete as, compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) * 1998, Frank Jensen, Organisationen, retrieved from ordnet.dk/korpusdk
 * "da"
 * "da"

- En 20-30 ansigter nedstirrede skiftevis Hahn, Per og Falk - hadefuldt, nysgerrigt eller uinteresseret.

 * 1) * 1991 October 10, Bodil Cath, "Margrethe ryger på de canadiske forsider", retrieved from ordnet.dk/korpusdk
 * "da"

- Når anti-rygere i Danmark har konfronteret hende med hendes vaner og bedt hende om at ændre dem, har hun nedstirret dem ", hedder det.

title: nedstirre


text:
afknauwen

Etymology
Compound of.

Verb

 * 1)  to gnaw off

title: afknauwen


text:
knauwen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to gnaw

title: knauwen


text:
niederstarren

Verb

 * 1)  stare down, intimidate by glaring at

title: niederstarren


text:
Angelsassisch

Etymology
From 🇰🇲, perhaps a calque.

title: Angelsassisch


text:
Sassisch

Etymology
From, perhaps a calque. Equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: Sassisch


text:
kammerjunker

Noun

 * 1) a sort of small biscuit or cake, especially eaten with koldskål

title: kammerjunker


text:
napulog unom

Numeral

 * 1)  sixteen

title: napulog unom


text:
napulog pito

Numeral

 * 1)  seventeen

title: napulog pito


text:
napulog walo

Numeral

 * 1)  eighteen

title: napulog walo


text:
Talk:सुई

Is 🇨🇬 a doublet, or is it another word? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 11:43, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:सुई


text:
bezabberen

Etymology
From nl.

Verb

 * 1)  to drool on, to drivel on
 * 2)  to stain, to besmirch

title: bezabberen


text:
napulog siyam

Numeral

 * 1)  nineteen

title: napulog siyam


text:
bedrivel

Etymology
From en.

Verb

 * 1)  to drivel on, to put or spill saliva on

title: bedrivel


text:
สีหน้า

Etymology
Form 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) facial expression.

title: สีหน้า


text: voorgeschiedenissen

title: voorgeschiedenissen


text:
cymylog

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) cloudy

title: cymylog


text: BÁC

title: BÁC


text:
กระซู่

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros.

title: กระซู่


text:
สมเสร็จ

Noun

 * 1)  tapir.

title: สมเสร็จ


text:
ตัวกินมด

Noun

 * 1) anteater.

title: ตัวกินมด


text:
Talk:hoogbejaarde

Etymology
, the etymology looks a bit weird. Did you mean to use ? — Ungoliant (falai) 12:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * No, I just put some incorrect vertical bars there out of habit. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  12:10, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:hoogbejaarde


text:
หนูผี

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) shrew.

title: หนูผี


text:
Albiones

Etymology
From, from , from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A Celtic tribe of Gallaecia, located in the west bank of the Navia river

title: Albiones


text:
魯西亜

Etymology
Borrowing from. Cited since at least 1839.

The spelling is, current in 1855 when this spelling was used in the title of the.

The spelling was officially discontinued in 1877 after diplomatic pressure from Russia to change the spelling, out of concern that the initial character expressed a sense of. However, the newer kanji spelling uses  as the first character, and this was chosen for its sense of, from the political metaphor that the morning dew will disappear as the sun rises, wherein "sun" refers to Japan.

The use of to spell the latter portion is likely influenced by 🇨🇬 phonetics, and historical use of these characters to spell out the -siya portion of Rossiya in sources such as a bible translated into Chinese in 1864.

Usage notes
Due to the sense of the initial  character, this spelling is often viewed as pejorative.

title: 魯西亜


text:
เลียงผา

Noun

 * 1) serow.

title: เลียงผา


text: muishonden

title: muishonden


text: muishondje

title: muishondje


text:
User:Pmsfo

Hello, cruel world!

I like words.

title: User:Pmsfo


text:
หมาไม้

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) yellow-throated marten.

title: หมาไม้


text:
পিয়া

Etymology
, from, reduplication of.

Noun

 * 1) drinker

Verb

 * 1) to drink

Etymology
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) beloved, dear, favourite

title: পিয়া


text:
Falstur

Etymology
From, probably from a Germanic stem , related to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Could possibly instead be from, derived from the root of.

Proper noun

 * 1) Falster Danish island

title: Falstur


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/alstʏr

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/alstʏr


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlstʏr

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlstʏr


text:
giăng

Etymology 2
Compare.

Verb

 * 1) to spread (out), to stretch (out), to extend

title: giăng


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏlstʏr

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏlstʏr


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪlstʏr

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪlstʏr


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/oulstʏr

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/oulstʏr


text:
তেজপিয়া

Etymology
From. The male gets a bright red throat in the breeding season, which leads to this name.

Noun

 * 1) oriental garden lizard, garden lizard

title: তেজপিয়া


text:
Talk:either-or

Describing a situation in which there are only two choices
I'm unsure if the first meaning is correct in comparison to the second. The reference I listed for the second does not list the first meaning. Perhaps the first meaning should be removed. Anrza (talk) 13:04, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

both… and
Both… and should be its opposite term. Backinstadiums (talk) 16:28, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:either-or


text:
pasok, Luningning

Etymology
lit. 'enter, Luningning'. From 's line in the game show .

title: pasok, Luningning


text:
মৌপিয়া

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) crimson sunbird, sunbird
 * 2) hummingbird
 * 1) hummingbird

title: মৌপিয়া


text:
båndbredde

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bandwidth

title: båndbredde


text:
Salnés

Etymology
This name is attested as Salinense at least since the 9th century; from, from + , because of the many salt pans established there during the High Middle Ages.

title: Salnés


text: milkku

title: milkku


text: båndbredden

title: båndbredden


text:
mangut

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a raccoon dog

Adjective

 * 1) confused

Verb

 * 1) to daydream

Etymology 2
, from.

title: mangut


text:
পিহা

Etymology 1
, from the. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) ground

Verb

 * 1) to grind

Etymology 2
Compare ,

Noun

 * 1) breast

title: পিহা


text: båndbredder

title: båndbredder


text: Category:Cebuano terms derived from Evenki


text:
тархах

Etymology
From, probably a derivation or a doublet of , see.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to scatter, to disperse
 * 2)  to spread

title: тархах


text: Category:Cebuano terms derived from Tungusic languages


text: båndbreddene

title: båndbreddene


text:
amerikansk pandekage

Noun

 * 1) small, thick pancake; American pancake

title: amerikansk pandekage


text:
American pancake

Noun

 * 1) small, thick pancake

Translations

 * Danish: amerikansk pandekage

title: American pancake


text:
Talk:憢疑

Which Character
How are we gonna pick again which characters to use? It seems like 憢 is 陰平, which doesn't correspond to the 陽平 on the actual word. Doesn't 堯 better correspond? --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 13:50, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Both aren't 本字 though, so I think we should stick to the recommendations by MoE. Also, I have cited two non-dictionary sources using this rather than 堯疑, so unless you can find actual usage of 堯疑 outside of dictionaries, I think we are picking the more representative characters (which would align better with Wiktionary's principles). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 14:05, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I've tried googling a bit, and there is some usage of 堯疑 outside of dictionaries, but the Google results for 憢疑 makes it look much more common than 堯疑 (not by number of hits, but by number of true hits). I'll investigate more when I have time. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 18:15, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:憢疑


text: Category:Hindi terms derived from Gulf Arabic


text:
bærebølge

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a carrier wave

title: bærebølge


text:
hölmöläinen

Noun

 * 1) cloudcuckoolander

title: hölmöläinen


text: viittomakieltä

title: viittomakieltä


text: valkovenäjää

title: valkovenäjää


text:
mangarbon

Verb

 * 1) to shop at a wet market or a farmer's market

title: mangarbon


text: venäjää

title: venäjää


text:
deacetoxycephalosporin

Noun

 * 1)  The heterocyclic carboxylic acid  (6R,7R)-7-[[(5R)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid  and related compounds.

title: deacetoxycephalosporin


text:
雅努斯

Proper noun

 * 1)  Janus

title: 雅努斯


text: portugalia

title: portugalia


text: kreikkaa

title: kreikkaa


text: arabiaa

title: arabiaa


text: swahilia

title: swahilia


text: amerikkalaista

title: amerikkalaista


text: deacetylcephalosporin

title: deacetylcephalosporin


text: bulgariaa

title: bulgariaa


text: tanskaa

title: tanskaa


text:
dealcoholization

Noun

 * 1) The removal of alcohol from something, especially from a histological sample that has been previously treated with alcohol to remove water

title: dealcoholization


text: bærebølga

title: bærebølga


text:
dealkylase

Noun

 * 1)  Any enzyme that catalyses a dealkylation reaction

title: dealkylase


text: havaijia

title: havaijia


text: bærebølgen

title: bærebølgen


text:
off-trade

Noun

 * 1)  The sale of alcoholic drinks for consumption off the premises.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.

title: off-trade


text: hepreaa

title: hepreaa


text:
Talk:makelaar

= Dutch = [DUTCH] Why not directly from maken? Are there sources saying it's via mek? --TheDodosaurus (talk) 14:17, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:makelaar


text: unkaria

title: unkaria


text:
on-trade

Noun

 * 1)  The sale of alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.
 * The volume of beer sold in supermarkets and off-licences (off-trade) in the UK topped the volume sold in pubs, clubs and restaurants (on-trade) for the first time in 2014.

title: on-trade


text:
deamidizing

Adjective

 * 1)  That hydrolyses the C-N bond of amides

Derived terms

 * deamidizing enzyme

title: deamidizing


text: islantia

title: islantia


text: hollantia

title: hollantia


text:
As Saíñas

Etymology
From, preceded by the Galician definite article.

title: As Saíñas


text: bærebølger

title: bærebølger


text: bulgaaria

title: bulgaaria


text: iiriä

title: iiriä


text: bærebølgene

title: bærebølgene


text: koreaa

title: koreaa


text:
deathbird

Etymology
From a superstition of some North American Indians that it presages death. Compare Salentino 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Tengmalm's owl

title: deathbird


text: makedoniaa

title: makedoniaa


text:
মিহলা

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to alloy, mix, blend, combine

title: মিহলা


text: oksitaania

title: oksitaania


text:
deazauridine

Noun

 * 1)  The nucleoside 4-hydroxy-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)pyridone

title: deazauridine


text:
debanding

Noun

 * 1)  The removal of cemented orthodontic bands

title: debanding


text: turkkia

title: turkkia


text: ukrainaa

title: ukrainaa


text:
orthodontic band

Noun

 * 1)  A thin strip of metal, cemented to the crown of a tooth, to which wires are attached in order to reposition teeth

title: orthodontic band


text: vietnamia

title: vietnamia


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Iranian/dwitī́yah

Classical Persian /  may be from this. --Z 14:35, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * In fact from dwitī́yakarah.--Calak (talk) 11:33, 5 April 2018 (UTC)


text:
মিহলোৱা

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to alloy, mix, blend, combine

title: মিহলোৱা


text:
Yijing

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) I Ching classic Chinese text

title: Yijing


text:
dechloridation

Noun

 * 1) The removal of chloride (salt) from the body

title: dechloridation


text: dechloruration

title: dechloruration


text:
Ikävalko

Etymology
A pre-Christian given name, probably 🇰🇲, latter from like the surname.

title: Ikävalko


text:
شاباش

Etymology
From the phrase, from +.

Interjection

 * 1) bravo! excellent!

Noun

 * 1) money thrown about at marriages, or given to singers

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1) shabash, good job

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1) bravo!, excellent!, good job!, well done!

title: شاباش


text:
deciduation

Noun

 * 1) The shedding of the decidua during menstruation

title: deciduation


text:
মিহলি

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) compound, combination, blend, mixture

title: মিহলি


text:
Iapetos

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Iapetus Titan

title: Iapetos


text:
deciduitis

Noun

 * 1)  inflammation of the decidua

title: deciduitis


text:
deciduoma

Noun

 * 1)  An intrauterine tumor composed of decidual tissue

title: deciduoma


text:
Iamblikhos

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Iamblichus Greek philosopher

title: Iamblikhos


text:
declamping

Noun

 * 1) The release of clamps from a blood vessel

Derived terms

 * declamping shock

title: declamping


text:
decrudescence

Noun

 * 1)  The diminution of symptoms of a disease

title: decrudescence


text:
เหนียง

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  fleshy lobe or appendage hanging down from the throat or chin, as wattle of an animal or turkey neck of an aged person.
 * 2)  double chin.

title: เหนียง


text:
Ilpotar

Etymology
Appears in. Probably a feminine version of the old male name ;.

title: Ilpotar


text:
กรรไกรตัดเล็บ

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) nail clipper.

title: กรรไกรตัดเล็บ


text:
decyclizing

Adjective

 * 1)  That breaks a ring in a molecule

Usage notes

 * Used almost exclusively to describe the action of oxygenase on heme that produces biliverdin

title: decyclizing


text:
Baltar

Etymology
From, genitive of , from a and/or  personal name, from a compound , from  and.

title: Baltar


text: Template:non-decl-adj-strong-ja

title: Template:non-decl-adj-strong-ja


text:
এন্ধাৰ

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,  /. .

Adjective

 * 1) dark
 * 2) dismal

Noun

 * 1) darkness

title: এন্ধাৰ


text:
nadakpan na

Etymology
Short for.

title: nadakpan na


text:
nadakpan na ba ang nagtupi nimo

Etymology
lit. 'did they catch the person who cut your hair?'.

title: nadakpan na ba ang nagtupi nimo


text:
nýjung

Noun

 * 1) innovation

title: nýjung


text:
User talk:Iohannes Grammaticus

Welcome
PseudoSkull (talk) 15:30, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iohannes Grammaticus


text:
بيطار

Etymology
Borrowed from, from +. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and. Reinterpreted as from the root related to “slashing, cutting”, because the farrier cuts the hoofs.

Noun

 * 1) farrier
 * 2) veterinarian

title: بيطار


text:
cytophagous

Adjective

 * 1) consuming cells

title: cytophagous


text:
cytothesis

Noun

 * 1)  The process of cell repair.

title: cytothesis


text: 核武

title: 核武


text: 𢙒

title: 𢙒


text:
nenenzinho

Etymology
From.

title: nenenzinho


text:
nýtr

Etymology
Derived from.

Adjective

 * 1) useful
 * 2) usable

title: nýtr


text: SHAEF

title: SHAEF


text:
neném

Noun

 * 1)  baby very young person
 * 2)  dear, sweet, baby
 * 1)  dear, sweet, baby

title: neném


text:
delta decay

Noun

 * 1)  A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.

title: delta decay


text:
Cornificius

Proper noun

 * 1) a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
 * , a Roman senator

title: Cornificius


text:
besteirol

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a genre of burlesque theatre that arose in Brazil during the 80s
 * 2) a word of vulgar comedy
 * 3) a bunch of nonsense; bullshit

title: besteirol


text:
ошаҡсы

Etymology
From.

Compare to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  tattletale, informer, snitch

title: ошаҡсы


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cuxráh

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) red

Descendants

 * Central Iranian:
 * Northeastern Iranian:
 * Sogdo-Bactrian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Munji-Yidgha:
 * Ormuri-Parachi:
 * Northwestern Iranian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Munji-Yidgha:
 * Ormuri-Parachi:
 * Northwestern Iranian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Northwestern Iranian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Kurdish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Aftari:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:
 * Lurish:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cuxráh


text:
DdeltaDtime

Etymology
From the mathematical formula $$-\frac{\partial \Delta}{\partial \tau}$$, the partial derivative of delta (Δ) with respect to time (τ), pronounced as "D delta (by) D time".

Noun

 * 1)  A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.

title: DdeltaDtime


text:
Varius

Etymology
From or directly from. Compare and.

title: Varius


text: Category:ceb:Cypress family plants

title: Category:ceb:Cypress family plants


text:
saypres

Etymology
From, from (French ), from , probably from an unknown Mediterranean Pre-Greek language.

Noun

 * 1) a cypress tree; any member of the family Cupressaceae, especially the genera  and

title: saypres


text: Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewk-


text: Category:Proto-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewk-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewk-


text:
Sadales

Proper noun

 * 1) A king of Thrace and son of Cotys

title: Sadales


text:
salingkapa

Noun

 * 1) the

title: salingkapa


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pullas

Etymology
Borrowing from or earlier  (the assimilation *ln > *ll has taken place in both Finnic and Germanic), from. Most descendants show later reshaping.

Adjective

 * 1) round, thick

Descendants

 * Estonian:

Suffixed with (a descendant of) :

Suffixed with (a descendant of) :
 * Estonian:

Suffixed with (a descendant of) :
 * Finnish: ;

Suffixed with (a descendant of) :

Suffixed with (a descendant of) :

Other descendants:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pullas


text:
Template:R:Aikio 2006

Aikio, Ante. 2006. On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 91, pp. 9–55.

title: Template:R:Aikio 2006


text: vendir

title: vendir


text: vǫnd

title: vǫnd


text: vandar

title: vandar


text: vǫndu

title: vǫndu


text: vǫndum

title: vǫndum


text:
Sunday obligation

Noun

 * 1)  the obligation to attend a church service (mass) on Sundays; failing to fulfil this obligation without excuse constitutes a grave sin
 * 2)  the same obligation including that which applies on specified holidays of obligation (varying by diocese)

title: Sunday obligation


text:
Rhoemetalces

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) The name of various kings of Thrace

title: Rhoemetalces


text:
DdeltaDvol

Etymology
From the mathematical formula $$\frac{\partial \Delta}{\partial \sigma}$$, the partial derivative of delta (Δ) with respect to volatility (σ), pronounced as "D delta (by) D vol(atility)".

Noun

 * 1)  A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of vega with respect to changes in the spot price, or equivalently the rate of change of delta with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.

title: DdeltaDvol


text:
vǫmb

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) womb

title: vǫmb


text:
Osi

Proper noun

 * 1) A tribe of Germania mentioned by Tacitus

title: Osi


text: eteren

title: eteren


text:
romblon

Noun

 * 1) the

title: romblon


text:
Saboci

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A tribe of European Sarmatia mentioned by Ptolemy

title: Saboci


text: Appendix:Moroccan Arabic Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Moroccan Arabic Swadesh list


text:
Marikh

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) the planet Mars.

title: Marikh


text: eterar

title: eterar


text:
Zimyra

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * , whose ruins are now in Syria

title: Zimyra


text:
Romblon

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
, from.

title: Romblon


text: Category:ceb:Provincial capitals of the Philippines


text:
Tamyras

Etymology
Borrowed from. According to Campbell, the river continues the name of, a bard. However, compare the cognates listed at.

Proper noun

 * 1) A river of Phoenicia flowing between Berytus and Sidon, now the Damour river

title: Tamyras


text:
ดินปืน

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) gunpowder.

title: ดินปืน


text: Category:ceb:Municipalities of Misamis Occidental, Philippines


text: Template:non-decl-adj-strong-eth-ja

title: Template:non-decl-adj-strong-eth-ja


text:
Misamis Oriental

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

title: Misamis Oriental


text:
Leontes

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * , now the Litani River

title: Leontes


text: Gigarta

title: Gigarta


text: viň

title: viň


text: Category:en:Provincial capitals of the Philippines


text:
จักรวาล

Etymology
From, from + ; perhaps via ; equivalent to 🇨🇬 🇰🇲. Cognate with 🇨🇬; Modern 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness.

Noun

 * 1)  the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc.
 * 2) universe: cosmos.
 * 3)  circle; sphere; precinct; region.
 * 4)  mass; multitude; assemblage.
 * 5)  universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc).

title: จักรวาล


text:
DvegaDspot

Etymology
From the mathematical formula $$\frac{\partial \mathcal{V}}{\partial S}$$, the partial derivative of vega ($$\mathcal{V}$$) with respect to spot price (S), pronounced as "D vega (by) D spot (price)".

Noun

 * 1)  A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of vega with respect to changes in the spot price, or equivalently the rate of change of delta with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.

title: DvegaDspot


text:
とが

Adjective

 * 1)   refined and elegant

Noun

 * 1)   blame, fault, culpability; mistake, crime, offense, charge
 * 2)   hemlock (tree)
 * 3)   diagrams and pictures

title: とが


text:
hornhinne

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cornea

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cornea

title: hornhinne


text: roň

title: roň


text: речникът

title: речникът


text:
hornhinna

Etymology
. Compare Latin.

Noun

 * 1)  a cornea

title: hornhinna


text: hornhinnen

title: hornhinnen


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root מ־ה־מ־הּ


text:
Talk:wałtora

Etymology

 * I don't know what it's from. Phonologically it can't come directly from either (which I think would have given ) or  (which I think would have given ). I have no idea where the -ał- comes from. —Mahāgaja (formerly Angr) · talk 18:21, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thus is inaugurated the Category:Requests for etymologies in Lower Sorbian entries. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 19:47, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Muka says it was influenced by Latin . I'm skeptical but have no better theory, so I put it in. —Mahāgaja · talk 16:20, 1 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:wałtora


text:
હરદ્વાર

Etymology
,.

title: હરદ્વાર


text: Category:English reduplicated coordinated quadruples


text: hornhinner

title: hornhinner


text:
flekkur

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) spot, speck, fleck

Noun

 * 1) hay that has been spread out to dry

title: flekkur


text: hornhinnene

title: hornhinnene


text: díli

title: díli


text:
कोष्ठक

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bracket, parenthesis
 * 2) storehouse, pantry
 * 1) storehouse, pantry

title: कोष्ठक


text: PFV

title: PFV


text:
Appendix talk:Egyptian pronunciation

Just passing by to say that, even though I'm not interested in Egyptian, I find this beautiful. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 19:08, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

J.P.Allen has a new book "Ancient Egyptian Phonology" (ISBN 9781108751827, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108751827) which should be added to your future references. ODConstant (talk) 11:08, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Yep, I’m aware of it (and have read it, actually!), but it’s been a while since I worked on this page and would need to go through all my sources again to get back up to speed on what other authors say… Beyond that, though, Allen doesn’t really go deeply into the evidence like Peust did; he gives something more along the lines of a summary of his understanding, which in some cases doesn’t align with the previous academic consensus. As of now, my understanding is that some of these conclusions have yet to become widely accepted (especially in Germany, where most of the research in Egyptian phonology has historically taken place). We’ll see where future research takes us, but I think for now the best stance to take is wait-and-see. — Vorziblix (talk · contribs) 12:44, 14 June 2021 (UTC)

Some issues with Egyptian pronunciation on Wiktionary
Hi. I’ve been noticing lately that some of the Old/Middle Egyptian reconstructed pronunciations I see on Wiktionary go far beyond what most scholars in the field today would be confident reconstructing. I don't mean this with regards to you, but I think a lot of editors who are only somewhat familiar with Egyptian see this page and are left with the impression that there’s a greater degree of certainty to this stuff than there actually is. There's a lot of great content in this appendix, but I think it needs to be clearer about the state of our knowledge. Many of the phonetic values for these consonants in Old/Middle Egyptian and the specifics of some of these sound changes are just not known, or are otherwise heavily debated. On the other hand, certain things that are known aren't covered here. It seems like most editors working on Egyptian entries use the material here as the basis for their reconstructions, but little of what they produce is in agreement with either Osing (1976) or Vycichl (1983), which are the two major sources for reconstructed Egyptian words. Neither is it really reflective of the current state of the field.

Here are some preliminary notes on what I think could be improved regarding the symbols used:
 * The existence of ejective consonants in Egyptian is speculative. On the other hand, that p t ṯ k were aspirates is a known fact directly attested by Coptic. It’s only responsible that we represent the distinction between the p t ṯ k and d ḏ g q series using the actually attested feature rather than the speculative one. This is the approach taken by the two most recent major studies of Egyptian phonology (Peust 1999 and Allen 2020).
 * We are simply not yet capable of identifying the features that originally distinguished q from g, ẖ from ḫ, and z from s. There is a complete lack of consensus in the field regarding their phonetic values. In reconstructions we should distinguish them by using some sort of neutral cover symbol like ⟨k◌ x◌⟩ for q and ẖ, and ⟨S⟩ or ⟨Z⟩ for z.
 * The value /ʀ/ for ꜣ is largely idiosyncratic to Loprieno and has not been supported by subsequent studies. For obvious reasons, it’s also highly speculative. Note that both Peust and Allen now support a value of /l/ for ꜣ. In his recent review of Allen’s Ancient Egyptian Phonology, Peust stated quite directly that:
 * "Für den Lautwert in früherer Zeit würden zwar weitere Möglichkeiten offenbleiben, sofern man zusätzliche Lautwandel ansetzt, aber die stärkste verfügbare Evidenz spricht nun einmal für die auch von Allen bevorzugte Interpretation ⟨ꜣ⟩ = /l/. Diese sollte man künftig übernehmen, solange nicht stärkere Gegenargumente auftauchen."
 * I’m sympathetic to Peust and Allen’s view because the value /l/ is directly attested for Coptic reflexes of ꜣ, but Wiktionary could just as well use a cover symbol like ⟨R⟩.

 * For r, there’s no need to use ⟨ɾ⟩ rather than ⟨r⟩. No other source does this, and it's generally a good idea to keep phonological transcriptions of dead languages broad.
 * /ʔ/ should probably be marked with parenthesis or made optional. The position that there was a phonemic glottal stop in Egyptian is increasingly marginalized and has been rejected by both Peust and Allen.
 * In foreign transcriptions going as far back as there is analyzable data, ṯ and ḏ are exclusively equated with Semitic and Anatolian affricate consonants. The Coptic reflexes ϫ (and Bohairic ϭ) are likewise unambiguously affricates. We should represent these phonemes accordingly as /t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ/ rather than as stops.

For Middle Egyptian, a more even-handed synthesis of the present state of the field might look like:
 * 1. Where ⟨◌⟩ stands for an indeterminate secondary articulation.

Regarding the sound change rules presented here, the relative chronology is inaccurate in some places. Schenkel’s Law is contradicted for instance, for which, see Peust’s Review of Allen:
 * "Anachronistisch sind meiner Auffassung nach des Weiteren solche Ansätze Allens wie /w˘-naˈ-wa/ für wnw.t „Stunde“ (S. 44) und /saˈ-wa/ für swr „trinken“ (S. 55), denn der Verlust des -w- durch das Schenkelsche Gesetz „Intervokalisches w nach dem Tonvokal wird zu j“ trat schon in der Ersten Zwischenzeit ein und damit ebenfalls vor dem Abfall des silbenschließenden ⟨t⟩ und ⟨r⟩." (Edit: actually this is correct in the appendix, just not followed in some entries)

Other rules such as Edel’s law of finales need to be added. Vowels are a discussion for another day, but I'd also like to note that the terms and dates used by Template:egy-IPA-R for the stages of Egyptian are also kind of idiosyncratic. Going off the definitions given there, “Medio-Late Egyptian” should be changed to Late Egyptian and “Late Egyptian” to Demotic. One simple thing that could be done to improve the quality of reconstructions is to explicitly introduce a rule against reconstructing words without Coptic reflexes or suitable foreign transcriptions. It’s obvious, but a lot of entries currently violate this. Rhemmiel (talk) 13:20, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi! Yes, I agree there is a great deal of uncertainty in this field, and some of our reconstructions go beyond what we can be confident about here. To be honest, a lot of the mess in our Egyptian pronunciations (and also the incompleteness of this appendix, from which some of that mess derives) is in part due to real-life causes: I had a change of life circumstances in the middle of sorting all of this out back in 2018 and haven’t had enough time to work on fixing/finishing it since then. I was in the process of sourcing every reconstructed pronunciation that existed to that date, adding new ones from Loprieno and other sources, getting rid of those that I couldn’t source, and adding more missing material to this appendix, but the project was never finished. Since then other editors have stepped in and added copious reconstructions of their own, which unfortunately I have had not always had the time or the expertise to fully verify.
 * To some of your more specific points:
 * I think that, in the paragraphs in the top of this appendix, the uncertainty you talk about is directly acknowledged: ‘a possible sequence of sound changes’, ‘Details are generally much less clear for earlier periods’, ‘details remain unclear’, etc. I’m not really sure how we would make it clearer about the state of our knowledge, as I did try to make it pretty explicit, but if you have any suggestions, we could certainly add even more qualifiers.
 * The first section also explicitly mentions that, as you say, there is no agreement about what distinguished ⟨q⟩ from ⟨g⟩ or what values ⟨z⟩ and ⟨ꜣ⟩ had. In this case the symbols we use are purely conventional ones, but they were broadly chosen to agree with Loprieno’s notation. I wouldn’t object to using some other symbols, but I don’t really see what advantage using, say, /k◌/ or /S/ would confer; /q/ and /z/ are also intended as mere cover symbols, and the page explains that, but at least they’re ones that other publications have also used.
 * I disagree regarding ⟨ẖ⟩ and ⟨ḫ⟩; the arguments for non-traditional values for these two sounds are almost exclusively based on arguments for certain Afro-Asiatic sound correspondences, which are IMO extremely flimsy (see the enormous gap between the proposals of the neuere Komparatistik folks and those of traditionalists like Takács, with no clear consensus to be found among academics as a whole).
 * I wouldn’t object to changing /ʀ/ to something else, including /l/. However, in that case, we must decide what symbol to use to represent the different /l/ sound that appears in and similar words.
 * I also wouldn’t object to changing /c/ to /t͡ʃ/, and agree with your analysis. In fact, we do use /t͡ʃ/ for Middle Egyptian and everything later, for exactly the reasons you mention; it’s only for Old Egyptian that we have /c/, and this was basically for two reasons: (1) as a concession to the common use of /c/ as a broad transcription in the sources, without intending to imply, however, that that was what the actual narrow realization of that sound might be; and (2) as an acknowledgement that the sound probably descends from a palatalized /k/, which makes it likely that it first passed through a /c/ stage on its way to becoming /t͡ʃ/. Even conceding that point (2) is likely, however, there’s really no reason to assume the change to /t͡ʃ/ happened after what we label as ‘Old Egyptian’.
 * A value of [ɾ] for ⟨r⟩ seems pretty solidly established and widely acknowledged, based on evidence like the transcription of Semitic /d/ as ⟨r⟩, which would be quite unlikely if ⟨r⟩ was a proper trill but perfectly ordinary for a tap. Practically every paper and study I’ve seen that discusses one realization versus the other concludes that ⟨r⟩ was tapped, from Hoch 1994 to Loprieno 1995 to Allen 2013. (In his recent Ancient Egyptian Phonology, Allen stays ambiguous by saying tap/trill and giving both realizations, but only provides evidence in favor of the tap. It’s unclear to me why he does this. Unfortunately he provides no further justification. Edit: Actually, later in the study, he explicitly says /r/ was ‘clearly’ [ɾ] ‘at least from Middle Egyptian onward’.) While I would support a broad transcription in cases where things are uncertain, this seems to be one of the few points of phonology where almost everyone does agree. Using /r/ for [ɾ] in those circumstances seems a bit like using /r/ for English [ɹ] — it makes sense for convenience’s sake in a publication discussing a single language, but IMO it’s more confusing than helpful in a multilingual dictionary.
 * I have no strong opinion on the glottal stop. If we do decide to get rid of it, we’ll have to decide what to do about certain words following Loprieno’s reconstruction such as.
 * The aspirated vs. glottalized/emphatic/ejective debate is a giant can of worms. Peust is agnostic on the question, Allen (as you say) decides in favor of the aspirates, while most of the Germans together with Loprieno take the side of the emphatics. Aspiration is indeed attested in Coptic, but the distribution is not the same, and we can’t decisively conclude from it whether earlier ⟨p t ṯ k⟩ were in fact aspirates or just had aspirated allophones (as with English tenuis stops). Given this, I wouldn’t say that either the equations of ⟨p t ṯ k⟩ = /pʰ tʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ/ or that of ⟨b d ḏ g⟩ = /b d’ t͡ʃ’ k’/ as a series are directly attested. I think the choice between them as representations is essentially arbitrary.
 * Now, this is just speculation, but personally I think the distinction was one of both glottalization (ejectives/implosives) and aspiration, and that the system of Egyptian plosives was basically like the one we find in Kʼicheʼ Mayan. This has the advantage of perfectly explaining the anomalous voiced /b/, which would otherwise be the only ordinary voiced plosive: if all the tenuis stops were glottalized, an implosive articulation (which is usually voiced) is typologically most likely for labial sounds, while other glottalized sounds are more likely to surface as ejectives (which are never voiced).
 * I haven’t read Peust’s review of Allen, but would be very interested in doing so and grateful for a pointer in that direction. Would you happen to have a link, by any chance? (Similarly, I’ve been trying to get my hands on Osing 1976 for years with no luck… if by chance you know of any place to read it online, or even to buy it in physical form for anything less than a fortune, I’d be grateful.)
 * Regarding terminology, ‘Medio-Late Egyptian’ is a term used by Friedrich Junge and others for the colloquial language of precisely the period marked as such in the template (Amarna). I’m also not aware of any authors extending Demotic back to 800 BCE. However, I concede that I could very well be wrong about that, as I’m far from an expert on Early Demotic.
 * I’m aware that things are missing from this page, and that some changes might need to be re-arranged. I know that especially a lot of the vowel changes from Late Egyptian through Demotic are missing, because unfortunately I never got around to adding them. The page, as it is, remains a work in progress. Feel free to add anything you find isn’t there or fix anything you find that’s obviously wrong.
 * Your proposed general rule as to what reconstructions to allow also seems like a good one. Thanks for taking the time to go through all this! — Vorziblix (talk · contribs) 00:24, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Any thoughts? I’d really like to get this cleaned up and more in line with current thinking, and it’s clear you have a depth of knowledge in the field. (Not to rush you if you need more time to formulate a response.) Also pinging for a third opinion. — Vorziblix (talk · contribs) 05:49, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi and ! I agree with most of the points mentioned above. Updating the contents of this appendix and fixing the messy and (sometimes) questionable reconstructions in some entries sound good to me.

 * Thoughts:
 * Given the long history of the Egyptian language, it's understandable that there are various uncertainties regarding the actual values of some phonemes. However, I think it's acceptable to use values based on relevant studies (even if those values are still debated), as long as the uncertainties and alternatives are stated.
 * I don't have strong opinions regarding the distinction of Egyptian plosives. I think all the mentioned interpretations are possible, but I'm currently more inclined towards the aspirable/aspirated-plain distinction (primarily because, as mentioned above, ejectives are never voiced, but ⟨ⲧ ϫ⟩ became voiced around 1300 CE). Either way, we should still note the various interpretations before the large table.
 * Regarding the aspirated-glottalic distinction, I think that's possible for early Egyptian. The glottalization was then dropped at some point, and the resulting plain voiced /b/ became spirantized in Late Egyptian, while the plain voiceless /t t͡ʃ/ became voiced in Late Coptic.
 * The Egyptian /l/ phoneme is a tricky one, but it's possible that the /l/ of is the same /l/ written using ⟨ꜣ⟩. It's unclear why Old Egyptian /l/ was sometimes written as ⟨n⟩, but I guess it's probably because /n/ and /l/ are related (based on Afroasiatic cognates), and because ⟨ꜣ⟩ started to lose its consonantal value earlier in the dialect of Old Egyptian than in the dialect of Middle Egyptian.
 * As for reconstructions, we could use /l/ for all instances of earlier Egyptian ⟨ꜣ⟩ and for ⟨n⟩ that becomes Coptic ⟨ⲗ⟩. On the other hand, both /ɾ/ and /l/ could be used for ⟨r⟩ that becomes ⟨ⲗ⟩, since there's evidence for a sound change [ɾ] → [l] before Demotic: e.g. (Middle Babylonian ḫu-ra → Neo-Assyrian ḫi-ri) =  = ϩⲁⲗ.
 * Egyptian ⟨r⟩ is a tap [ɾ]. Using /r/ in Wikipedia and Wiktionary can be misleading, especially since the IPA template links the symbol to [] rather than [].
 * Also, [r] is not an approximant. Readers may confuse an approximant /r/ with [], which is different from the typical taps and trills of Afroasiatic languages.
 * Old Egyptian ⟨z⟩ was probably voiceless like the other fricatives, so I guess using /z/ as a cover symbol can also be confusing? We could use a different value, but we still have to mention the uncertainty before the large table (same with /l/).
 * Old Egyptian ⟨š⟩ and Middle Egyptian ⟨ẖ⟩ both represented a palatalized dorsal fricative. This phoneme is usually interpreted as palatal /ç/, but it's probably a palatalized velar /xʲ/.
 * The difference between velars ⟨g q⟩ is indeed not evident. Their Coptic reflexes are contrasted by palatalization, so I'm currently inclined towards the values /kʲ k/ for ⟨g q⟩.
 * I wouldn't object to dropping the glottal stop. However, the related ⟨j⟩ is a bit complicated. Since ⟨j⟩ sort of worked as a mater lectionis during the Middle (and possibly Old) Kingdom, I think it's possible that the ⟨j⟩ in some Old Egyptian words actually represented a vowel rather than /j/ (e.g. and, based on Afroasiatic cognates).
 * As for reconstructions, we could drop all instances of /ʔ/, except for those that result to Coptic doubled vowels, which could either be dropped or be marked with parentheses or brackets. (We could probably just replace the /ʔ/ in with /w/.)
 * ⟨ṯ ḏ⟩ are the palatalized counterparts of ⟨t d⟩. Affricates /t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ/ are palato-alveolars, so I also wouldn't object to using those values even for Old Egyptian.
 * I think the parameters' labels are just right: the Neo-Assyrian inscriptions indeed fall within Demotic, but most of the changes reflected in those inscriptions already happened during the Third Intermediate Period, which still falls within Late Egyptian.
 * The proposed rule will clean up the messy reconstructions in a bunch of entries, so it also sounds good to me.

 * I also made some consonant tables. These are similar to the one above, but I made some modifications.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | bilabial ! rowspan=2 | dental ! rowspan=2 | alveolar ! rowspan=2 | postalveolar ! rowspan=2 | palatal ! colspan=2 | velar ! rowspan=2 | pharyngeal ! rowspan=2 | glottal ! palatalized ! plain ! colspan=2 | nasal ! rowspan=3 | plosive, affricate ! aspirated ! plain ! voiced ! colspan=2 | fricative ! colspan=2 | approximant ! colspan=2 | tap
 * + Old Egyptian consonant phonemes
 * ⟨m⟩
 * ⟨n⟩
 * ⟨n⟩
 * ⟨p⟩
 * ⟨t⟩
 * ⟨ṯ⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨d⟩
 * ⟨ḏ⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨b⟩
 * ⟨f⟩
 * ⟨z⟩
 * ⟨s⟩
 * ⟨š⟩
 * ⟨ḫ⟩
 * ⟨ḥ⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨ḥ⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨w⟩
 * ⟨ꜣ⟩
 * ⟨j⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨j⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨r⟩
 * }
 * ⟨r⟩
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | bilabial ! rowspan=2 | alveolar ! rowspan=2 | postalveolar ! rowspan=2 | palatal ! colspan=2 | velar ! rowspan=2 | pharyngeal ! rowspan=2 | glottal ! palatalized ! plain ! colspan=2 | nasal ! rowspan=3 | plosive, affricate ! aspirated ! plain ! voiced ! colspan=2 | fricative ! colspan=2 | approximant ! colspan=2 | tap
 * + Middle Egyptian consonant phonemes
 * ⟨m⟩
 * ⟨n⟩
 * ⟨p⟩
 * ⟨t⟩
 * ⟨ṯ⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨d⟩
 * ⟨ḏ⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨b⟩
 * ⟨f⟩
 * ⟨z s⟩
 * ⟨š⟩
 * ⟨ẖ⟩
 * ⟨ḫ⟩
 * ⟨ḥ⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨w⟩
 * ⟨ꜣ⟩
 * ⟨y⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨r⟩
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | bilabial ! rowspan=2 | alveolar ! rowspan=2 | postalveolar ! rowspan=2 | palatal ! colspan=2 | velar ! rowspan=2 | pharyngeal ! rowspan=2 | glottal ! palatalized ! plain ! colspan=2 | nasal ! rowspan=2 | plosive, affricate ! aspirated ! plain ! rowspan=2 | fricative ! voiceless ! voiced ! colspan=2 | approximant ! colspan=2 | tap
 * + Late Egyptian and Demotic consonant phonemes
 * ⟨m⟩
 * ⟨n⟩
 * ⟨p⟩
 * ⟨t⟩
 * ⟨ṯ⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨k⟩
 * ⟨d⟩
 * ⟨ḏ⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨g⟩
 * ⟨q⟩
 * ⟨f⟩
 * ⟨z s⟩
 * ⟨š⟩
 * ⟨h̭ ḫ⟩
 * ⟨ẖ⟩
 * ⟨ḥ⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨h⟩
 * ⟨b⟩
 * ⟨w⟩
 * ⟨l⟩
 * ⟨y⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨ꜥ⟩
 * ⟨r⟩
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | bilabial ! rowspan=2 | alveolar ! rowspan=2 | postalveolar ! rowspan=2 | palatal ! colspan=2 | velar ! rowspan=2 | glottal ! palatalized ! plain ! colspan=2 | nasal ! rowspan=2 | plosive, affricate ! aspirated ! plain ! rowspan=2 | fricative ! voiceless ! voiced ! colspan=2 | approximant ! colspan=2 | tap
 * + Coptic consonant phonemes
 * ⟨ⲙ⟩
 * ⟨ⲛ⟩
 * ⟨ⲫ⟩
 * ⟨ⲑ⟩
 * ⟨ϭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲧ⟩
 * ⟨ϫ⟩
 * ⟨ϭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ⟩
 * ⟨ϭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ⟩
 * ⟨ϥ⟩
 * ⟨ⲥ⟩
 * ⟨ϣ⟩
 * ⟨ⳃ ⳋ⟩
 * ⟨ϧ ⳉ⟩
 * ⟨ϩ⟩
 * ⟨ϩ⟩
 * ⟨ⲃ⟩
 * ⟨ⲟⲩ⟩
 * ⟨ⲗ⟩
 * ⟨ⲉⲓ⟩
 * ⟨ⲉⲓ⟩
 * ⟨ⲣ⟩
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 | ! labial ! alveolar ! postalveolar ! palatal ! velar ! glottal ! colspan=2 | nasal ! rowspan=2 | plosive, affricate ! voiceless ! voiced ! colspan=2 | fricative ! colspan=2 | approximant ! colspan=2 | tap
 * + Late Coptic consonant phonemes
 * ⟨ⲙ⟩
 * ⟨ⲛ⟩
 * ⟨ⲑ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲕ ⲭ⟩
 * ⟨ⲡ⟩
 * ⟨ⲧ⟩
 * ⟨ϫ⟩
 * ⟨ϥ⟩
 * ⟨ⲥ⟩
 * ⟨ϣ ϭ⟩
 * ⟨ϧ⟩
 * ⟨ϩ⟩
 * ⟨ϩ⟩
 * ⟨ⲃ ⲟⲩ⟩
 * ⟨ⲗ⟩
 * ⟨ⲓ⟩
 * ⟨ⲓ⟩
 * ⟨ⲣ⟩
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * Notes and modifications:
 * I rearranged the consonants according to their positions in the IPA chart.
 * /j/ is isolated to form an axis of symmetry between the palato-alveolars and the palatalized velars.
 * /b β/ are isolated to highlight their anomalous voicing.
 * /w/ is placed in the bilabial column to reflect its alternation with /β/ in Coptic.
 * /ɸ β/ can also be /f v/. I presented them here as bilabials to reflect their alternation and relationship with earlier ⟨p b⟩.
 * Consonants during the Amarna period are similar to Middle Egyptian's, but with /l/ written using ⟨n r⟩ instead of ⟨ꜣ⟩.
 * Consonantal values are based on Allen (2020), except for the affricates, earlier Egyptian ⟨f⟩, Old Egyptian ⟨j⟩, and Coptic ⟨ϩ⟩.

 * Regarding vowels, there are some conflicting interpretations that need to be addressed as well (e.g. vowel length vs. quality, Coptic doubled vowels, vocalic patterns, epenthetic vowels and consonant clusters).
 * Anyway, sorry for the late reply! — BoxGirder (talk) 11:09, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:Egyptian pronunciation


text:
-uch

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From.

title: -uch


text: Category:Polish terms suffixed with -uch


text: Category:Polish terms suffixed with -och


text: Category:Polish terms suffixed with -cha


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User talk:Ardub23

Welcome
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title: User talk:Ardub23


text:
NOAEL

Noun

 * , the highest level of exposure to a substance at which there are no adverse effects on test subjects.

title: NOAEL


text:
LOAEL

Noun

 * , the lowest level of exposure to a substance at which there is an adverse effects on test subjects.

title: LOAEL


text:
HNEL

Noun

 * 1)  Highest no-effect level, the highest level of exposure to a substance at which there are no adverse effects on test subjects.

title: HNEL


text: HNELs

title: HNELs


text: NOAELs

title: NOAELs


text: LOAELs

title: LOAELs


text:
Template:Cytophagaceae Hypernyms

Prokaryota - superkingdom; Bacteria - kingdom; Bacteroidetes - phylum; Cytophagia - class; Cytophagales - order; Cytophagaceae - family

title: Template:Cytophagaceae Hypernyms


text:
Template:Cytophagaceae Hypernyms/documentation

This is a typing shortcut intended for use under the Hypernyms header of taxa under Cytophagaceae. It can also be used with subst:.