text:
зергерлік

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to jewellery

Noun

 * 1) jewellery craftsmanship

title: зергерлік


text: Ævör

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ævör


text:
buttplate

Noun

 * 1)  The plate affixed to the rear end of a rifle stock.

title: buttplate


text: buttplates

title: buttplates


text: full-course yellows

title: full-course yellows


text:
Talk:full-burn

Noun dubious
Consider removing the noun sense: it's "full burn" with a space, and doesn't really seem right with a hyphen. Compare "full power". Equinox ◑ 22:42, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:full-burn


text:
underspeak

Verb

 * 1) To speak with understatement and/or modesty.
 * 2) To fail to say enough; to be too taciturn.
 * 3) To speak without sufficient emphasis or volume.
 * 4) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To fail to say enough; to be too taciturn.
 * 2) To speak without sufficient emphasis or volume.
 * 3) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak without sufficient emphasis or volume.
 * 2) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.
 * 1) To speak at the same time as and more quietly than another.

Noun

 * 1) Speech that is characterized by understatement.

title: underspeak


text: underspeaks

title: underspeaks


text:
amein

Etymology
From + ; the spelling may be influenced by, from.

Adverb

 * 1) thus, in this way
 * "sga"
 * "sga"

- Cote mo thorbe-se dúib mad [a]mne labrar?

title: amein


text: Citations:underspeak

title: Citations:underspeak


text: underspeaking

title: underspeaking


text:
馬西

Etymology
See.

Adjective

 * 1)  drunk; tipsy; unconscious

title: 馬西


text: 马西

title: 马西


text:
underspoke

Noun

 * 1) A spoke that is positioned on the underside.

title: underspoke


text: underspokes

title: underspokes


text:
pug and pine

Noun

 * 1)  A form of wattle and daub used in the early colonization of South Australia, involving light vertical timbers driven into the ground, the gaps being stopped with a kneaded mixture of clay and grass.

title: pug and pine


text:
mud and stud

Noun

 * 1)  A process similar to wattle and daub, once common in Lincolnshire, involving a simple frame of upright studs joined by cross rails at the tops and bottoms, then having thin staves of ash attached, and daubed with a mixture of mud, straw, hair and dung.

title: mud and stud


text: doramu

title: doramu


text:
Talk:underspeak

2014 citation
The 2014 noun citation refers to "the underspeak of [Noel Coward's] ". It would be nice to confirm that this does mean "understatement" and not e.g. "slang or language of the underclasses", which I suppose one might expect in a Coward play. Equinox ◑ 22:55, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:underspeak


text:
pierrotage

Noun

 * 1) A mixture of clay and small stones used in French Vernacular architecture of the Southern United States to infill between half-timbering with diagonal braces.

title: pierrotage


text: bouzillage

title: bouzillage


text:
bousillage

Noun

 * 1) A mixture of clay and moss or grass, used in construction as a simpler substitute for pierrotage.

title: bousillage


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēriþō

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) heaviness

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēriþō


text:
fairy ballet

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A genre of ballet that developed in the 19th century, featuring fantasy characters and often employing technical effects.
 * 2)  An individual ballet in this genre.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Zauberballett
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: eventyrballett
 * Russian: балет-феерия

title: fairy ballet


text:
𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dishonour

title: 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērį̄

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) heaviness

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērį̄


text: 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽

title: 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽


text: unswerei

title: unswerei


text:
Appendix:Wu Chinese surnames

Examples

 * Shanghai Telephone Directory [and Buyer's Guide ]

title: Appendix:Wu Chinese surnames


text:
ballet-féerie

Noun

 * 1) fairy ballet

title: ballet-féerie


text:
tegan meddal

Noun

 * 1) soft toy

title: tegan meddal


text:
tegan anwes

Noun

 * 1) cuddly toy

title: tegan anwes


text: 馬来西亜

title: 馬来西亜


text:
Longport

Proper noun

 * 1) . Derived from the surname.
 * 1) . Derived from the surname.

title: Longport


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērāną

Etymology
From both and.

Verb

 * 1) to be or become heavy
 * 2) to honour

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērāną


text: mérek

title: mérek


text:
geonic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to a geon.

title: geonic


text:
geoparse

Verb

 * 1)  To parse (text identifying a place) into an unambiguous geographic reference.

title: geoparse


text: geoparsed

title: geoparsed


text: geoparses

title: geoparses


text: Category:mh:Pigs

title: Category:mh:Pigs


text:
Talk:zugzwang

French pronunciation
Where does the French pronunciation come from? I have not been able to find the word, let alone pronunciation, in any French dictionary. —This unsigned comment was added by  at 23:39, 23 December 2019.

For what is worth, the IPA here matches the audio for the French entry in https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/zugzwang. I wouldn't be surprised if other speakers pronounced it differently, though, especially non-chess-players. Rcaetano (talk) 08:45, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Second entry for capitalized version?
From a search I arrived at Zugzwang, and I'm wondering if that page ought to be merged into this one? I can't tell from the contents here and there, and the policy at Capitalization, and the Enwiki article Zugzwang, whether the Enwikt entries should be separate or not. Hence asking here. Quiddity (talk) 20:53, 14 March 2020 (UTC)
 * No, Wiktionary is case-sensitive and such entries are not merged, as the policy you link to notes in its first sentence. (In German, all standard nouns are capitalized.) - -sche (discuss) 22:48, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: December 2023
Rfv-sense

I am struggling with the non-chess sense of this term in English. John Cross (talk) 08:30, 23 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Cited. At least known in geopolitics. Fay Freak (talk) 03:41, 24 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you. John Cross (talk) 19:07, 25 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:zugzwang


text: ballets-féeries

title: ballets-féeries


text:
piin̄

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) the color pink

title: piin̄


text:
opéra-féerie

Noun

 * 1) fairy opera

title: opéra-féerie


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīhô

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) one that is or makes holy, a priest

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīhô


text: Category:fr:Opera

title: Category:fr:Opera


text:
ドラムセット

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  drum set

title: ドラムセット


text:
fairy opera

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A genre of opera, often with magical elements.
 * 2)  An individual opera in this genre.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Zauberoper

title: fairy opera


text: シカト

title: シカト


text:
ドラムスティック

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) drumstick stick used to play drums

title: ドラムスティック


text:
cummerbunded

Adjective

 * 1) Wearing a cummerbund.

title: cummerbunded


text: fairy operas

title: fairy operas


text: doramusutikku

title: doramusutikku


text: doramusetto

title: doramusetto


text:
吾宗肖

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: 吾宗肖


text:
粥糜

Noun

 * 1)  congee
 * 2)  Cantonese-style congee

title: 粥糜


text:
gonodactyloid

Noun

 * 1)  Any mantis shrimp in the superfamily

title: gonodactyloid


text: gonodactyloids

title: gonodactyloids


text: fairy ballets

title: fairy ballets


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīgamann-

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) warrior, champion

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīgamann-


text: gonoforcipes

title: gonoforcipes


text: Percilla

title: Percilla


text:
squilloid

Noun

 * 1)  A member of that taxonomic family.

title: squilloid


text:
parasquilloid

Noun

 * 1)  A mantis shrimp in the superfamily.

title: parasquilloid


text:
eurysquilloid

Noun

 * 1)  A mantis shrimp in the superfamily

title: eurysquilloid


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīgalīkaz

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) martial, militant

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīgalīkaz


text: parasquilloids

title: parasquilloids


text:
kiduun lo̧jet

Noun

 * 1) a walrus

title: kiduun lo̧jet


text: eurysquilloids

title: eurysquilloids


text: squilloids

title: squilloids


text: Category:mh:Pinnipeds

title: Category:mh:Pinnipeds


text:
bathysquilloid

Noun

 * 1)  A mantis shrimp in the superfamily.

title: bathysquilloid


text: bathysquilloids

title: bathysquilloids


text: Category:Marshallese terms suffixed with -in


text: Category:Marshallese terms by suffix

title: Category:Marshallese terms by suffix


text: kiduun

title: kiduun


text: kiduin

title: kiduin


text:
dāp

Noun

 * 1) a large black moray eel

title: dāp


text: Category:mh:Eels

title: Category:mh:Eels


text: Category:mh:Elopomorph fish

title: Category:mh:Elopomorph fish


text:
Halsbandaffäre

Etymology
From 🇰🇲, a. Later applied to the Islamic episode in Orientalist literature because Aisha explained her absence from the Muslim caravan with her search for a necklace she had lost.

Noun

 * 1) an affair involving a necklace, in particular:
 * 2) the, an 18th-century scandal at the royal court of France
 * 3)  an affair in which, one of ’s wives, was accused of adultery

title: Halsbandaffäre


text:
kideddelbwij

Noun

 * 1) a moray eel  rupelli/petelli Myrichthys bleekeri

title: kideddelbwij


text:
Guiqzouy

Etymology
From.

title: Guiqzouy


text:
Z-pinch

Etymology
Z refers to the direction of the current in the devices, the z-axis on a normal three-dimensional graph.

Noun

 * 1) A kind of plasma confinement system that uses an electrical current in the plasma to generate a magnetic field that compresses it.

Usage notes

 * These systems were originally referred to simply as or  (after Willard Harrison Bennett), but the introduction of the θ-pinch (theta pinch) concept led to the need for increased clarity.

title: Z-pinch


text: Z-pinches

title: Z-pinches


text: zeta pinch

title: zeta pinch


text:
Gvisxul

Etymology
From.

title: Gvisxul


text: zeta pinches

title: zeta pinches


text: Category:Marshallese determiners

title: Category:Marshallese determiners


text:
акварельші

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) watercolourist

title: акварельші


text: dasshutsu

title: dasshutsu


text: じしゅ

title: じしゅ


text:
だっしゅつ

Noun

 * 1)  escape

title: だっしゅつ


text: jishu

title: jishu


text:
заһар

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) venom
 * 2) malice

title: заһар


text:
Zungyhuaf

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Chinese

title: Zungyhuaf


text: mezasu

title: mezasu


text:
hocdul

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Pronoun

 * 1) we (exclusive).

title: hocdul


text:
hocrauz

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Pronoun

 * 1) we (inclusive).

title: hocrauz


text:
hocsul

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Pronoun

 * 1) you (plural).

title: hocsul


text:
Turing tape

Noun

 * 1)  The infinitely long memory tape on which a Turing machine would operate, consisting of individual cells that can be read or written.

title: Turing tape


text: Turing tapes

title: Turing tapes


text:
Siqcuany

Etymology
From.

title: Siqcuany


text:
Eta Carinae

Proper noun

 * 1)  A stellar system in the constellation of Carina.

title: Eta Carinae


text:
зәбір

Noun

 * 1) oppression

title: зәбір


text:
Yinfnanf

Etymology
From.

title: Yinfnanf


text:
hocdeel

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Pronoun

 * 1) they (people).

title: hocdeel


text:
зүбаржат

Etymology
From, from , , from.

Noun

 * 1) chrysolite

title: зүбаржат


text:
кәміл

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) entire, sheer

title: кәміл


text:
асқабақ

Etymology
From. Compare to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pumpkin,

title: асқабақ


text:
لبلابي

Etymology
, that noun originally meaning ivy and then also the similarly looking hyacinth bean; perhaps by the vulgar further related to meaning the cowpea of the same botanical tribe  and beans in general, and thus connected to the chickpea, another faboid; the element also being found in, another faboid; and for the word denoting a stew, influenced by  and , from which even the learned  wrongly derived.

Noun

 * 1) chickpea-stew

Descendants

 * Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:

title: لبلابي


text: لبلبي

title: لبلبي


text: dwarfened

title: dwarfened


text: dwarfening

title: dwarfening


text: dwarfens

title: dwarfens


text:
glowsome

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Characterised or marked by glowing.

title: glowsome


text:
нәпсі

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lust

title: нәпсі


text:
rusmenė

Noun

 * 1) foxglove

title: rusmenė


text: Template:list:Gregorian calendar months/tum


text:
Julayi

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) July

title: Julayi


text:
Seputembala

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) September

title: Seputembala


text:
Lablab

Etymology
From.

title: Lablab


text:
Talk:大漥

, a village in Yunnan mentioned in Tawasaurus. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 01:56, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:大漥


text:
uzpirkstīte

Noun

 * 1) foxglove

title: uzpirkstīte


text:
Kroankenhuus

Etymology
Probably a borrowing from.

Noun

 * 1) hospital

title: Kroankenhuus


text:
Talk:भक्त

Can you verify the political slang with quotes? Not sure about the usage in Hindi. Gotitbro (talk) 02:11, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Added a quotation. There are easily many more, it is a common political term. —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 02:24, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:भक्त


text:
User talk:UNInTHEruff

Unicorns

title: User talk:UNInTHEruff


text:
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/鈍

return { { "", "屯", "文", "2", "鈍", "duːns", "" }, }

title: Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/鈍


text: jié'àn

title: jié'àn


text:
結絕

Noun

 * 1)  to break off; to cut off; to sever
 * 2)  to conclude a (legal) case
 * 3)  to finish; to conclude; to wind up; to settle

Synonyms

title: 結絕


text: 结绝

title: 结绝


text:
コボラー

Noun

 * 1)  engineer or programmer who uses COBOL in own work

title: コボラー


text:
正論理

Etymology
Compound of,.

Noun

 * 1)  positive logic

title: 正論理


text:
負論理

Etymology
Compound of,.

Noun

 * 1)  negative logic

title: 負論理


text:
スプリッター

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) DNS splitter
 * 2) other device that splits input signal
 * 3) split-finger fastball

title: スプリッター


text:
スプリッタ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: スプリッタ


text:
リンカー

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: リンカー


text:
User talk:Abdikarim MUSSE MOHAMUD

Who’s Abdikarim MUSSE MOHAMUD
Abdikarim MUSSE MOHAMUD is graduate Somali student who’s living Turkey. He also know as ( Qalbidhagax) which little mean by Liverstone) Abdikarim MUSSE MOHAMUD (talk) 03:41, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abdikarim MUSSE MOHAMUD


text:
Rhymes:Portuguese/iw

Pronunciation

 * -iu :
 * -il : (see also Rhymes:Portuguese/il)
 * -il : (see also Rhymes:Portuguese/il)

Rhymes
This section includes all words except regular verb forms ending in -iu, that is, the verbs of the -ir conjugation inflected in 3rd-person singular of the preterite indicative, such as (from cobrir) and  (from perseguir). Other word classes or verb conjugations, such as (from ver) and  (from prever), are included here. Verbs conjugated with the regular -iu ending can be found in the section below.

Rhymes (regular verb forms)
Here all regular verb forms with the regular -it ending, corresponding to the -ir conjugated verbs inflected in 3rd-person singular of the preterite indicative, can be found.

title: Rhymes:Portuguese/iw


text:
قوری

Etymology
, a word related to, whence. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) reserve, paddock, enclosure, a piece of meadow or forest kept for private use and often guarded or fenced

Etymology
Altered, since this is spoken in Modern Iranian Persian identically, from, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) teapot

title: قوری


text: Category:ota:Forests

title: Category:ota:Forests


text:
harmaaporonjäkälä

Noun

 * , reindeer moss,.

Usage notes

 * Colloquially often called.

title: harmaaporonjäkälä


text:
deaþes ege

Noun

 * 1) fear of death

title: deaþes ege


text:
Talk:Tawasaurus

Tawa
NOTES

The answer to "where is 大漥" (or potentially "大窪"?? more consistent with, either way the simplified form/variant traditional form would be "大洼") is in a posthumous collection of papers from C. C. Young.

"More recently, Z. Yang (=C. C. Young, 1982a, b) has described some tiny dinosaur jaw fragments from the Lufeng. He placed Tawasaurus minor from Heiguopeng (1982a) in the Fabrosauridae...."

"YANG, Z. 1982a. A new ornithopod from Lufeng, Yunnan. Selected works of Yang, Z., 29-35. Science Press, Beijing. [In Chinese.]"

杨钟健，1982：云南禄丰一新鸟脚类. 杨钟建文集，科学出版社，29-35.

Couldn't find Heiguopeng.

I can't get access to this paper.

The GEOnet database has "Dawazi   (Approved - N) 大洼子   (Non-Roman Script - NS){...}25° 25' 56" N, 102° 12' 32" E"  ('0EC24FDF91568072E0535DB81CD6C018', 'DC').

That location is in Lufeng. On Google Maps, it shows up as "DAWAZI 大洼子" in Renxing Town 仁兴镇.

In 2019, there is apparently as 大洼子 "Dawazi" in 小厂村民委员会 "Xiaochang" village, Heping Town 和平镇, Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. That location is further south than 25° 25' 56" N, 102° 12' 32" E.

This last bit of information seems to indicate that there is more than one Dawazi in Lufeng County. There are seven Dawa/Dawazi in Yunan and 149 in China in the GEOnet database. There are other Chinese characters that could be transliterated as "Tawa".

I would say there's no way to know which minor location we are actually talking about without reading the 1982 book.

TL;DR--> Need to see the 1982 book to be able to make any kind of judgement about this. 平安夜快樂!

--Geographyinitiative (talk) 04:10, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Okay, more confusing than I expected, but what was I to expect with villages? I don't know how to find the book, to be honest., do you know how to get a PDF or otherwise figure this out? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:43, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I can't seem to find a PDF of 杨钟建文集, and my university's library doesn't carry it. I've put a request for an interlibrary search, but it's probably not going to be processed until the new year since it's the Christmas/New Year's break. My hopes aren't that high for them to actually find the article though. I've looked around for other sources, and it seems to me that it points to 云南省禄丰县金山镇大洼村. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 05:22, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Created 大窪 page --Geographyinitiative (talk) 05:45, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tawasaurus


text:
Talk:窪

漥
Probably a variant form. See Talk:大漥 & Talk:Tawasaurus discussion. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 04:20, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:窪


text:
Talk:漥

窪
Probably a variant form. See Talk:大漥 & Talk:Tawasaurus discussion. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 04:20, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:漥


text:
palleroporonjäkälä

Noun

 * , Cladonia stellaris

title: palleroporonjäkälä


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Chinese/Jin

iəu
Module:cjy-pron says ["iou"] = "iəu". This page says ["ieu"] = "iəu". . At 丟 I used ["iou"]. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 04:28, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Fixed this page. It should be iou. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 04:34, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:About Chinese/Jin


text:
Rhymes:Portuguese/ɔl

Pronunciation

 * -ol:

title: Rhymes:Portuguese/ɔl


text:
sundrous

Etymology
Apparently from, modelled after.

Adjective

 * 1)  Various, sundry.

title: sundrous


text:
Rhymes:Portuguese/ul

Pronunciation

 * -ul:

title: Rhymes:Portuguese/ul


text:
實際控制線

Proper noun

 * 1) Line of Actual Control

title: 實際控制線


text: 实际控制线

title: 实际控制线


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2019-12/Banning Proto-Albanian entries

Banning Proto-Albanian entries
Voting on: Banning the creation Proto-Albanian entries, whilst still permitting reconstructions in etymologies.

Schedule:
 * Vote starts: 00:00, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Vote ends: 23:59, 11 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Vote created:  20:45, 14 December 2019 (UTC)

Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Requests_for_deletion/Others
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Etymology_scriptorium

Support

 * 1)  Proto-Albanian reconstructions are arbitrary, and just as we don't create entries for Proto-Armenian, they should be equally forbidden. --  07:34, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure Armenian therefore Albanian works. As you see below at least Matasovic is fairly confident that we can learn much about Proto-Albanian from all the loans. I don't know as much about Armenian, but it has had some issues in the past, see Godel 1970 on this, he called the "present state of Armenian etymology" "anarchic" [|lang_fr&id=QoCVDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA139&dq=Proto-Armenian+reconstruction+methods&ots=9thV0OX7gO&sig=FKYbo45qN1g06hQPbWGls11khY8#v=onepage&q=anarchic&f=false]; I do hope those issues have been resolved.--Calthinus (talk) 22:12, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  --Vahag (talk) 08:20, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * 2)  Fay Freak (talk) 13:42, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * , they just become hotbeds for never-ending controversies. --Robbie SWE (talk) 17:29, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Incredibly weak argument. Just sayin. Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 17:39, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Weak or not, it's still my opinion and the other people supporting this proposition make even more compelling arguments. --Robbie SWE (talk) 00:09, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  Even though I created these entries, I support the idea of moving them to the Albanian entry's etymology section under the label "Early Proto-Albanian". Kwékwlos (talk) 07:39, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Why not just "early Albanian"? Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 17:02, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 'Early Albanian' does not refer to the proto language, but the modern one. ArbDardh (talk) 17:19, 5 January 2020 (UTC)ArbDardh
 * 1)  With only one language, there is no common ancestor to reconstruct. —Rua (mew) 15:05, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * per Rua. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 02:07, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * sure, this is generally a good policy but here, it's misinformed. Yes, relying on internal reconstruction rather than the comparative method has problems (really that should make "Pre-" languages but we do also have Proto-Basque with its own body of research). However, this does not apply to Albanian, because we know the forms that an enormous chunk of the vocabulary had at the time it was loaned into Proto-Albanian, as they are Latin. The intervening processes that led to the modern forms of these words must apply to the rest of the Albanian lexicon unless we entirely throw out the foundational assumptions that still are the basis ongoing diachronic phonology research and literally every other proto-language reconstruction. How do we know it was the period that Proto-Albanian indicates that they were loaned into? Because researchers choose to reconstruct Proto-Albanian specifically then; they also (except for relatively less involved Matasovic who ends it much later) choose to end their postulated Proto-Albanian at the point of the Gheg-Tosk split so a limited comparison is possible. Instead of me, instead of anyone here, why don't we listen to the University of Zagreb's ubiquitous Indo-Europeanist Ranko Matasovic (a taste of his career: []): The comparative and historical research of Albanian is also fortunate in that the Albanian vocabulary is loaded  with  loan-words  from  Latin,  Greek,  and  various  forms  of  South Slavic,  some  of  which  are  very  old.  Since we  can  discover  the sound changes that affected these loan-words, we are often able to reconstruct  in great detail the shape of Proto-Albanian native words[]. It is true that the syntax and many aspects of the morphology of Proto-Albanian are shaky -- Vladimir Orel admits as much-- but the phonological forms of reconstructed roots are more grounded than you think. I will respect whatever the ultimate outcome is here, but I do ask you both to reconsider in light of the scholarly view. --Calthinus (talk) 20:11, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I certainly do not believe that internal reconstruction is an ill science, and I wouldn't disrespect those who attempt to reconstruct earlier stages of Albanian. And although I believe those arguments you posited are in fact good ways to reconstruct aspects of a language, I don't think that is enough to achieve the level of accuracy that we expect in wiktionary. Without the comparative method, much of the speculation regarding Albanian reconstructions will never be confirmed (or dismissed). I believe it's a good practice not to reconstruct proto-languages with a single descendant. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 22:06, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * This is a fair point if we want to impose a high bar -- but then, what about all the remaining issues in the other proto-languages? Frequently cited sources on Proto-Indo-European, built off a paper trail perhaps an order of magnitude larger, still apparently cannot agree on the numbers 2 and 3. And yet we have entries for PIE (which I find very helpful and would not want to see deleted).--Calthinus (talk) 22:26, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Just a minor nitpick, the numbers two and three aren't that controversial. The forms *duwóh₁ and *dwóh₁ are Lindeman variants. And the form *tréyes is masculine, while *tríh₂ is neuter. There're many controversial topics in the field but I doubt this'd be considered one of them. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 00:22, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Sure. But in a world where ksira vs. xira ambiguity is "horrific" (ks > x is a regular shift occurring within PA), the issue of rival citation forms must apply to both sides of the argument, no double standards. You will protest: but people familiar with PIE will recognize this. Correct. Likewise, people actually familiar with Proto-Albanian immediately recognize that ksira vs. xira is very much the opposite of an actual issue. And Proto-Albanian entries would likely only be really used by Albanists and Romance linguists -- PIE people have little use for PAlb: its huge time gap from PIE makes it less useful, and its remaining inherited vocab size is small, and controversial. But for the purposes of studying Romanian and Albanian themselves, Proto-Albanian is very useful to have. I find the recent expansion of specific reconstructed Proto-Albanian roots on Wiktionary to be a thing that is very helpful as a quick reference, and I had long wished Wiktionary would have more coverage of Albanian diachronic variation. You are trying to take that away from me, so, yes, I am going to adamantly be an arsehole about pointing out the double standards here -- don't take it personally (I do respect most of the people I am arguing with here, really). --Calthinus (talk) 03:22, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
 * per Rua. I don't know much about Albanian, but I don't see how you could reconstruct a language based on one language alone. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 18:15, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I am afraid the reasoning "only one language => no good reconstruction of a proto-phase (unattested phase)" may be a little bit too simplistic. The reasoning has a plausibility, but is it correct? Have you or Rua looked at Orel? I have found an Orel pdf online. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:54, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually, Vladimir Orel's works on Proto-Albanian have been published by Brill in Leiden, which, in regard of other considerable etymological publishings by Brill, could be an argument for the authenticity of Proto-Albanian reconstructions. HeliosX (talk) 17:32, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  Before allowing reconstructions, WT:About Proto-Albanian would need to be updated to say what stage is being reconstructed and to provide a standard orthography for en.Wikt at minimum. Furthermore, I have yet to see any consensus between the Proto-Albanian reconstructions of Orel, Camaj, Demiraj, Matasović, or Schumacher & Matzinger, to name a few scholars. Without serious work laying out how Proto-Albanian should be reconstructed on en.Wikt, I prefer not non-reconstruction to the Wild West we have at the moment. —*i̯óh₁n̥C[5] 01:39, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , one of my concerns is again echoed above. -- 22:18, 17 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The disagreements between these researchers, as far as the same stage is concerned, are AFAIK not radical, and mostly in detail, just like in other proto-language reconstructions. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 00:35, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  per above. ←₰-→  Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  15:30, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 2)  It's very narrow-minded to say that a reconstruction of a language is impossible just because its descendants don't have separate armies and navies, especially when said language belongs to the single best investigated language family of the world, has a rich morphology and historical contact with other well-investigated languages. Still, I don't see a point in having pages that would only serve to duplicate content, leading to inconsistency. Crom daba (talk) 19:11, 18 January 2020 (UTC)
 * How would they only serve to duplicate content? Reconstruction pages can also include pronunciation and other information that wouldn't appear in an etymology. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 18:21, 19 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Good point. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 00:35, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , It would be good specified a proto-forms that all scientist agree with. Gnosandes (talk) 17:27, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Please clarify your stance. Are you supporting allowing Proto-Albanian entries as long as there is a consensus on what the reconstructions should be? Because right now you're voting in support of deleting the entries and banning any more from being created. mellohi! (僕の乖離) 21:32, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1) . HeliosX (talk) 19:23, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 2) . ArbDardh (talk) 19:47, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 3) . Torvalu4 (talk) 16:04, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 4) . I don't have any preference one way or the other, but after reading the |the discussion I must say that the arguments provided by the ban-supporters are not convincing. Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 17:38, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * At risk of sounding like a broken record, the reconstructions are arbitrary. What stage do we reconstruct when comparative methodology of proto languages is thrown out the window? Orel contrives some golden 1st century period, but we have no idea what "Proto-Albanian" really looked like then. As a result, his reconstructions are also most often not in agreement with those of Demiraj, so even if you buy into this romantic fantasy, we have no standard to speak of. It's really just an ill-conceived sudo-scientific mess. -- 03:03, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Could you reply here, per our conversation on Discord? -- 05:37, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Despite the fact that the reconstructions precede Gheg-Tosk split, I am still not convinced they are not legit based on borrowings from Latin and Greek. Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 13:12, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * And how does one rectify that scholars do not uniformly reconstruct "Proto-Albanian"? Do we just follow Orel and ignore Demiraj? Another arbitrary choice for an arbitrarily reconstructed language. -- 00:37, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Ow, that is definitely not a problem. We'll just add alternative reconstructions in such cases. Commonpractice in Proto-Turkic and Common Turkic, for instance, where Claeson posits voiceless initial stops, most others - voiced. Because most Wiktionary editors more or less arbitrarily follow most others and not Claeson, we add descendants to the entries with voiced initial stops, and the other entries would then just link to the main entries as "alternative reconstruction of term X (according to author Y)".
 * The real problem right now is that entries are unsourced, which is truly unacceptable. Albanian editors will have to add sources to all entries. Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 07:57, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You should be, because theories with no consensus are weak ones, but I'll put a pin in that. The more problematic reason for the discrepancies is that we don't know the chronology of many changes and if they happened before, during, or after the word was borrowed from Latin into Albanian. If you can't establish that, you can reconstruct them a half-dozen different ways, making their reconstruction a joke. -- 10:16, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think so at all, taking into account Joachim Matzinger's datings of particular sound changes as well as borrowings from Ancient Greek and Latin in this thesis paper from 2016. A timetable, for instance, is given on p. 7 in case that anyone needs to look it up concretely. HeliosX (talk) 17:32, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You're certainly welcome to disagree, but you need just look at how the reconstructions of Orel and Demiraj differ. Compare *jāgnja to *γyogᵒeA, *skalā to *halna-, *ksirā to *xirā, *lauga to *vlog-, etc. ad nauseam. -- 18:54, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * As I noted earlier, different phases of Proto-Albanian are given different names in different publications, and "Proto-Albanian" itself if we consider Matasovic's dating of its last phase to the 1300s CE (!!) covers the greater part of two millenia. You have drawn your examples from different authors talking about different periods of Proto-Albanian. You drew ksira from Orel's Early Proto Albanian (see p97, Concise Historical Grammar) it seems. Per Orel himself EPA ks- regularly develops into later PA x-, to modern Albanian h-... the same fate as loanwords with x- from Slavic. So Orel himself postulates an LPA xira too, meaning ksira vs. xira is a case of consensus. For example. By the way, skalna to halna too: see Orel page 97-98 : EPA *sk is reguarly metathesized to *ks > Alb h in Proto-Albanian roots with voiced occlusives... the same development takes place in roots with the sonorants *l, *r ... and then he gives the near identical example of how skola becomes ksola > xola > hola. What you think is authors whose work is a "joke" disagreeing, is actually them agreeing, and you conflating different periods.--Calthinus (talk) 21:01, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The point of my examples was to show that the various scholars in the field do not provide a uniform reconstruction of "Proto-Albanian", and until you have that, you cannot reconstruct a language. I appreciate that they're "difference stages" but the chronology and order is still lacking in agreement. -- 01:49, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * (at what point do we outdent here?) I want to apologize as some of this comes off as heated from me. I (and Florian) clearly see whatever disagreements there are as not issues that demonstrate the effort is not worthwhile, you (and or John) may disagree, I dont know. I do agree that there are real problems arising from the lack of a standard dating terminology. What a better discussion to have would be is "how do we decide on a policy mapping terms to periods to use" and which authors to go with. We could put a warning on a proto-Alb reconstruction page alluding to these issues. We could list rival forms where appropriate. I support most of all giving info and also providing info about what we are uncertain about. That is the most informative way to go about it, no? --Calthinus (talk) 03:17, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd like to add as well, in cases where the form is actually disputed, I think if we are going to reference it on the entries of its reflexes, it's much nicer to have a reconstruction page we can link to that informs readers about the dispute....no? --Calthinus (talk) 03:24, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The most informative way, in my opinion, would be to limit reconstructions to etymologies, and listing the various scholarly reconstructions. Committing to one single form gives the reader the false impression that this is the current most agreed upon academic reconstruction. Such a thing can be said for our entries for PIE, Germanic, Celtic, etc., but not Proto-Albanian. -- 06:21, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If you limit reconstructions to etymologies we have no central pages to link to where competing versions can be presented. Not all sources are available to everyone at all times. The likely result of your proposal is de facto reliance on Orel's forms, without the users who add them even knowing there are competing forms, because Orel 2000 is available online, and Demiraj and others are not. So what are we trying to accomplish here? And if anyone tries to fix it, you'd think they'd want to locate all the pages that might need to be compared between different sources. Well an index would be nice for that. You seem to want to delete the index for Proto-Albanian too per the discussion on the board. That is certainly a good way to make sure we cannot account for any real inconsistencies between Orel/Demiraj/whoever if we do actually discover some.--Calthinus (talk) 15:30, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Category:Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian -- 19:01, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * One example of not legit reconstruction based on borrowings in Latin and Greek: On they posited a Proto-Albanian *batsā and even an Indo-European *bʰaḱeh₂ based on Modern, which as I have explained on its entry derives via  from a contraction of , from . But Kwékwlos servilely created *batsā. And such is a common thread in Orel’s books, I am referring to an older discussion about Proto-Afro-Asiatic reconstructions and how assuming one be. Any benefit claimed to arise from Proto-Albanian entries – and it has to be searched with a magnifying glass – is not worth the horror of the terrible mistakes and inacceptable inexactitudes made by that language being free for entries, and the occupation of hunting down and treating these chronic ailments. Fay Freak (talk) 01:28, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * This information is just wrong because neither Ancient Greek nor Proto-Albanian  have been borrowed. Any doubt about the possible common Proto-Indo-European root does not prevent the Proto-Albanian etymology. HeliosX (talk) 17:53, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , logically, is correct here, but further, the scholarship on Proto-Albanian, especially Orel who is widely cited and well-regarded in the academic community regardless of the opinions of anonymous encyclopedia editors, has already suggested a solution to that issue -- it is a loanword, likely from a substrate, not directly from PIE > ... > Albanian. See Matasovic, page 8 []. --Calthinus (talk) 21:01, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  If the reconstructions are considered to be unreliable and insufficiently scientific, they should not appear in etymologies of Albanian entries either, but the vote proposes that they be allowed in etymologies. Surely, we do not want claims sourced to pseudoscience in the mainspace; the vote proposer suggests the Proto-Albanian reconstructions are "sudo-scientific mess". --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:27, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If you think that "Proto-Albanian" reconstructions should be banned from etymologies as well, you should vote yes on this and start a follow up vote. By voting no, you're supporting the creation of more entries. -- 05:35, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * By voting oppose, I am opposing the proposal as written, no more and no less, consistent with my reasoning above. I do not know whether Proto-Albanian is pseudoscience. If Proto-Albanian is pseudoscience, it would be good to collect reliable sources that say so, or at least some sources that say so. As the initiator, you can create a follow-up vote that bans Proto-Albanian altogether, consistent with your claim that Proto-Albanian is pseudoscience. --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:42, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I understand what you're doing, but you're throwing the baby out with the bathwater. A vote to ban Proto-Albanian altogether has a much poorer chance in passing so this is the only vote that will be created on this issue. -- 06:45, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Re: "A vote to ban Proto-Albanian altogether has a much poorer chance in passing": I don't know why that would be so. If Proto-Albanian can be shown to be pseudoscience or at least not reliable enough (e.g. too tentative) for the English Wiktionary standards, it has to go altogether. Being banned altogether is what happened to Altaic or Proto-Altaic in Votes/2019-01/Banning Altaic, while there was an older vote that did not pass: Votes/2013-11/Proto-Altaic.
 * Re: "this is the only vote that will be created on this issue": My guess would be that someone will create another vote if the present vote fails; we'll see. --Dan Polansky (talk) 07:29, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Gauge the room yourself and read the discussions and the votes here. Your oppose vote is a vote for Proto-Albanian. It's really as simple as that. -- 07:46, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * We've clarified that already: "By voting oppose, I am opposing the proposal as written, no more and no less". --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:14, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * ~ In cases like these, people usually abstain. I think that's probably the best way for you to voice your concerns without making it difficult to get rid of Proto-Albanian. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 18:16, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If the supporting editors make a reasonably strong case, it should not be too difficult to get rid of Proto-Albanian altogether. A vote is a high-visibility artifact, compared to a RFD for a category, and has a good chance of attracting many eyeballs. I outright oppose keeping inaccurate information in the mainspace, and that is what the present vote intends to do by its own admission. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:33, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  if I understand the proposal correctly, this would seem to also ban reconstruction pages, of this sort-- Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/óynos. Although work on Proto-Albanian is not as voluminous as PGmc or PIE, it would also be entirely wrong to treat Proto-Albanian as something with zero evidence aside from internal reconstruction using native vocab to go off of, as is the case with many "proto-" languages. Many Albanian words coming from ancient Latin loans (Greek loans, less so, but there are some). Albanian overall is more "Latinate" in its lexicon than native -- some 60% is of Latin origin although not all of it is so ancient. The items of interest include those as basic as dog, fish, hundred, friend, to see, sky, etc. Suffice to say the data is ample for the forms of much of the vocab before the sound changes that would transform them to their modern Albanian forms. Although this limits the source material for modern Albanian reflexes to construct roots from, it does help decrease our uncertainty of the phonological shape of Proto-Albanian, especially "Later Proto-Albanian" -- i.e. after the absorption of many Latin elements. One may protest "but loanwords do not preserve their original phonological shape"; this is at least somewhat handled for example, Latin s > Alb /ʃ/, probably because /s/ was not in the arsenal at that time, i.e. the reflex of neither palatalized PIE *ḱ nor *kʷ was /s/ then. And after their regularization, unless we throw out Neogrammarianism, the treatment of these loans and their development into their Old and Modern Albanian forms help us understand the intervening processes.  I see above in the "Support" section the work of respected linguists such as Orel and Demiraj called "a joke"? Unless you are an acknowledged expert on the issue, that's a bit much. People disagree, they build on each others' work, sometimes they are wrong, corrections are made, but really, "a joke"? Especially as misunderstandings are possible: for example, what Orel calls "Early Proto-Albanian", others call "Pre-Proto-Albanian", and what some others call "Early Proto-Albanian" is (part of) "Late Proto-Albanian" for Orel. Proto-Albanian is not the only proto- language with these issues, proto-Celtic reconstructions still feature discrepancies (although like Proto-Albanian some of these boil down to dating/terminology), and there is still no consensus over the correct form of PIE laryngeals, among other factors. The exact forms for some real core vocabulary items in Proto-Indo-European remains disputed by sources still in use. Is the number two duwo- (Sihler) or du̯oh₁? Is three *tri, or is it *treyes? Of course I acknowledge (as we all should) that Proto-Albanian is far more problematic overall than Proto-Indo-European, but we have reconstruction pages for PIE despite these issues also existing, and as for Proto-Celtic (which we also have), its construction cannot be unharmed by the loss of every Celtic tongue (many surely totally unattested) that wasn't isolated on remote islands which were once the extreme periphery of the Celtic world -- a vexing issue that thankfully we don't have to deal with for Albanian, because authors choose to reconstruct the form that existed around the time of Roman contact, as that is the most verifiable thing to do. We are pretty clear our reconstructions are not verifiable, so what is the problem, exactly?  Apologies for length. Cheers all,--Calthinus (talk) 05:44, 19 January 2020 (UTC)
 * No need to apologize for the lengthiness, your contribution to the debate is both relevant and insightful. Contributions like these are much needed for people previously unfamiliar with the issue (like myself) to form an informed opinion. Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 23:04, 19 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The "joke" isn't in their efforts, but the idea of some perfect world where "Proto-Albanian" is reconstructible, and all scholars agree upon that standard; there isn't and they don't. Orel is a good researcher with many exceptional accolades to his name, but this project is not a database for the works of a single author. As points out, if we were even to start allowing Proto-Albanian entries on en.Wikt, a standard would first need to be developed and settled upon, and efforts towards that have yet to be made. Perhaps when they are, we can vote to include them again. --  23:43, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Okay, thank you for clearing that up. But it doesn't look to me like the scholarship supports your view. I have posted a link to the Indo-Europeanist Matasovic discussing this: and he concurs, the loans increase our confidence substantially. Not only the works of Orel but also many of his predecessors and successors remain well recieved. Of course with controversy on certain points as there is for all reconstruction projects, but I have not yet seen controversy about whether proto-Albanian "is reconstructible". In the discussion on the board, I very much agree with : a lot of the justifications here seem based on things that are just wrong, like using armies and navies (i.e. "these are dialects not languages" w/o regard to when they diverged) to determine whether we can use the comparative method. The Gheg-Tosk split was before the 6th century fyi. I do agree there are issues and if we keep it, a clear policy for whose dating terminology should be used should be laid out.--Calthinus (talk) 00:00, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I want to clarify something else that may have not been clear: this is not a vote to ban Proto-Albanian etymologies, but only entries, and those etymologies should be written to include differing scholarly reconstructions. Only, to my knowledge, is calling for an outright ban. , can you reply to Calthinus' views on scholarly (dis)agreement? -- 00:14, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I am not going to go through all of the numerous phonological disagreements between R:sq:Demiraj, R:sq:Orel/R:sq:Orel:2000, R:sq:Schumacher-Matzinger, and Ölberg (2013, Untersuchungen zum indogermanischen Wortschatz des Albanischen und zur diachronen Phonologie aufgrund des Vokalsystems), each of which contains lists of sound changes from PIE to Albanian. But I will look at one problem facing PAlb.: as far as I am aware, no one has ever given a PAlb. phonemic inventory. Proto-Albanian language shows phonemic inventories (which Calthinus added) as supposedly stated in R:sq:Orel:2000, but no such explicit inventories exist in Orel's text. The inventories presented in Proto-Albanian language are instead cobbled together from Orel's described sound changes with very few references to the other Albanists mentioned above (many of whom disagree with Orel). Indeed, none of the above sources list explicit phonemic inventories for PAlb.—to my knowledge, no published Albanian scholar has explicitly listed the PAlb. phonemes with an explicit orthography. This is very different from the situations in Proto-Slvic, Proto-Indo-Iranian, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, and Proto-Hellenic (for example), which have long had standard orthographies and widely accepted phonemic inventories. If this project is to provide entries for PAlb., we need to have an orthography and sound system upon which scholars agree. The information presented in Proto-Albanian language is a digested summary of the opinions of one scholar, who did not himself actually provide a unified description of either "EPA" or "LPA". What's more, Proto-Albanian language does not provide an orthography for PAlb., but only IPA transcriptions for EPA and LPA. En.Wikt does not encode protolanguages in the IPA, so the "policy" described at WT:About_Proto-Albanian is useless. Furthermore, the PIE reconstructions given at Proto-Albanian language (e.g. PIE *g'hn̩taː for, ostensibly some bizarre form of , and PIE *ln̩gwh- for < ) demonstrate a lack of understanding of the modern standards for Indo-European reconstruction. Overall, I see no evidence that any published scholar has laid out even the most basic element of Proto-Albanian, its sound system or orthography. Failing that, we cannot speak of a "scholarly consensus" around the PAlb. sound system, since no scholar has ever fully described it. Proto-Albanian_language ineptly compiles the views of a single scholar without an understanding of PIE reconstruction and without providing a workable system for reconstruction on en.Wikt. —*i̯óh₁n̥C[5] 01:25, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Not "together" but individually Orel does state which phonemes at least were present in EPA and LPA by listing each and giving its reflexes, that is precisely how the treatise is structured, no he does not give you charts, perhaps because as I have discovered on enwiki they end up... large. However that is irrelevant anyways because the question is not if we know the phonemic inventory of PAlb. That's also a double standard, as there is no consensus on PIE laryngeals, other issues regarding the dorsals, I suppose we have moved on from Glottalic theory but who knows, and then there's the whole thing of "to *b or not to *b". But again that's not even what matters. It is whether Proto-Albanian is, to use Victar's words, "reconstructible" or otherwise "sudoscience". That is a fringe view, I am sorry. PAlb is not "sudoscience". I also entirely disagree that the "orthography" of an unattested language is its "most basic element". Does Proto-Italic have a standardized "orthography" when people still argue over very basic things like whether Venetic is included? Some writers arent even sure if Italic is one clade or if it is like the (minority) Baltic and Slavic theory where its just areal convergence/parallel evolution (thank goodness Albanian doesn't have those issues!). But even if it was "basic", as long as we are consistent and clear in how transcribe it here on Wiktionary, why does it matter? All that matters is that for each term we are reasonably "confident" in our sources (i.e. as confident as one can be for a proto-language -- if we want to argue no reconstruction pages ever, at least I'd see a consistent argument). --Calthinus (talk) 02:30, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Also, no, Orel clearly states what EPA and LPA are. Page XII: "Early Proto-Albanian-- immediately before the beginning of contacts with Latin/Proto-Romance (1st century CE)". Demiraj disagrees with him by ~200 years on that point of when earliest contact happened but that is relatively minor as everyone agrees the bulk of imports from Latin came a bit later. Same page, "Late Proto-Albanian-- following contacts with the Proto-Romance and ancient Slavic dialects still close to Proto-Slavic (6th to 7th centuries CE)". That is remarkably concrete in fact. What about the dating of PIE? Oh, wait the Kurganists and Anatolianists are still spilling ink on that, now with new rival Bayesian models in their arsenals.--Calthinus (talk) 02:40, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Here is another source on Proto-Albanian, in the Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Note that in this source LPA is called "PAlb" and EPA is "PPAlb" . I believe in particular and  that this should assuage your worries about the ordering of phonological changes and inventories, as here is a source that presents both inventories and the order of changes, and is published by some of the most prolific authors in the field (google scholar cites: Joseph, for example). Additionally, they give a long list of recent work in the area that I hope will be of great use if you or any one else wishes to further inspect the matter. Cheers! --Calthinus (talk) 17:25, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  mellohi! (僕の乖離) 22:30, 19 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 2)  Per above arguments. Proto-Albanian reconstructions that reflect an ancestor of Modern Albanian around the time Latin loanwords started to be adopted are absolutely scientific, and advanced by other scholars beyond Orel. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 00:31, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * as per above comment by @Florian Blaschke and detailed reasons given by @Calthinus.Resnjari (talk) 19:48, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Ineligible to vote. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:24, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) . Gnosandes (talk) 05:13, 2 February 2020 (UTC)
 * 2) . NativeNames (talk) 17:48, 8 February 2020 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1)  I just don't know enough about the issue to make a decision. —Mahāgaja · talk 16:45, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Abstain Let me abstain at this point and provide some notes:
 * 1) There is Proto-Albanian language, referencing mostly Orel: Orel, Vladimir (2000). A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language: Reconstruction of Proto-Albanian and Orel, Vladimir (1998). Albanian etymological dictionary.
 * 2) Apart from Orel, "scholars like Demiraj, Schumacher, Matzinger and others" are mentioned by Florian Blaschke as sources for Proto-Albanian, in Requests for deletion/Others.
 * 3) Category:Proto-Albanian lemmas has 84 lemmas.
 * 4) An example Proto-Albanian form is Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/ainja, which has as descendants the Old Albanian nja, and Albanian një. Another example is Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/aktṓ, from which Albanian tetë is descended. In Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/balgā, Old Albanian baljëgë is given as a descendant from which further descendants are derived, Albanian, Italian, Romanian, and Serbo-Croatian. None of the pages has any reference. balgā was created on 15 April 2012; the other two are from 2019.
 * 5) The prefix "Proto-" in "Proto-Albanian" refers to the the forms being unattested and reconstructed. (Trivial for most readers, but anyway.)
 * 6) If Proto-Albanian forms get separate pages, references can be added to them. If they don't, inline references can be added to Proto-Albanian items in etymology chains in Albanian entries or Old Albanian entries.
 * 7) Separate pages for Proto-Albanian can get inflection tables if such information could be sourced.
 * 8) The languages or dialects descended from Proto-Albanian include Gheg and Tosk. "Gheg and Tosk are different enough that you can, indeed, make meaningful reconstructions", said Chuck Entz. In the English Wiktionary, Gheg and Tosk are treated as parts of single Albanian language. Going by ISO 639-3 codes, the descendants would be "Arbëresh (aae), Arvanitika (aat), Gheg (aln), and Tosk (als)", per Mahāgaja. Examples of Gheg vs. Tosk can be found in Gheg Albanian and Albanian dialects; some further reading is Albanian language # Dialects, britannica.com.
 * --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:13, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Orel has done some work on Proto-Albanian inflection in his Concise Historical Grammar... If the opportunity arises, it could indeed be possible to create such inflection tables as per his reconstructions. ArbDardh (talk) 15:12, 11 January 2020 (UTC)ArbDardh
 * @Chuck Entz: you changed tetë to etë in my post in, but the Proto-Albanian entry really says tetë so I put it back. Was it inadvertent or do you think it should be etë? --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:49, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I was just restoring it to your original version, since it was changed without your permission (albeit with the best of intentions). Chuck Entz (talk) 08:53, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Oops, there I go. Thank you, and I'll keep tetë in the post as accurate. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:59, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) . I  the proposal in theory, but am not qualified to judge. Canonicalization (talk) 10:18, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 2)  per Calthinus' objection and because I now realize the issue is more complex than I thought. I'll let those who know more decide (especially since the vote is so close). Andrew Sheedy (talk) 18:20, 19 January 2020 (UTC)
 * It takes knowledge to declare what you know, but wisdom to admit what you don't. I wish more users exhibited the wisdom to abstain in votes. -- 00:02, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Votes are created because support is sought from the wider community, that is from people who are not experts at a particular area, but who have the ability to assess presented arguments, weigh them against one another and form a well-informed opinion. People vote against your proposal because your arguments are weak, not because of lack of "wisdom". Allahverdi Verdizade (talk) 13:32, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Much wise. Many wisdom. -- 19:01, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * : I'm not qualified to vote one way or the other, but from what little I've read, I'm swayed by the arguments that some form of Proto-Albanian may be worth including, but that there need to be guidelines on the language: in particular how to integrate different scholars' reconstructions, what stage of the language should be represented on Wiktionary, what its phonemes are and what transcription system to use. — Eru·tuon 02:27, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  Octahedron80 (talk) 02:30, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 2)  I've concluded I'm not informed enough about Proto-Albanian to assess the quality of the arguments in either side. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:46, 23 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I have no strong feelings one way or the other. Oldstone James (talk) 17:48, 30 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Ineligible to vote, see Voting policy. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 21:41, 30 January 2020 (UTC)
 * 1)  because I don't know much about internal reconstruction or Albanian. However, I do think that this decision should not be Proto-Albanian-specific, i.e. we should consider expanding the decision to other proto-langs with very few direct descendants. (See here for a list) Julia ☺  ☆ 02:06, 10 February 2020 (UTC)

Decision
Failed 9-10-7. mellohi! (僕の乖離) 02:21, 12 February 2020 (UTC)


text:
kyrys

Noun

 * 1) cuirass

title: kyrys


text: 丢臉

title: 丢臉


text: 丢人現眼

title: 丢人現眼


text: 丢卒保車

title: 丢卒保車


text: 丢棄

title: 丢棄


text: 丢開

title: 丢開


text:
ロックンロール

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  rock 'n' roll

title: ロックンロール


text:
User talk:90.186.72.23

When you write "a pair of pincers, pliers, tongs, forceps" it's ambiguous as to whether the "pair" applies only to the first item (pincers) or to all. This is why I added the semicolon to separate it from the others, if that is how you intended it to mean Leasnam (talk) 05:16, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I hadn't actually noticed that you made that change. I thought I'd mistyped. In all cases it means one whole tool, so I intended to use the comma. However, I don't know if maybe "a pair of" is not used with pliers, tongs, or forceps. What's relevant is that the singular means one tool and the plural means several tools. Happy Christmas! 90.186.72.23 17:32, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Okay, very well, then it's good. Merry Christmas to you as well :) ! Leasnam (talk) 17:44, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

Maltese adjective template
Hey, I've added a new adjective template for Maltese ( mt-adjective) which support multiple plurals, comparative and diminutive. It is still a work-in-progress since I need to add support for adjectives that end with -i since they are invariable. I'll add support for nouns later. I've migrated most adjectives to the new template (except -i adjectives). Cheers. Fenakhay ❯❯❯  Talk  07:53, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, okay. Thanks a lot! So what's your point with invariable adjectives? Do you mean that you want to simplify the editing, so the forms don't have to be added manually? (Of course, not all adjectives in -i are invariable, only the Romance ones, but you're probably aware of that.) So, thanks again. The templates we had were bad, but I'm no good at programming, so I just work with the existing stuff. 90.186.72.23 08:08, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You are welcome! Yes, I am aware. The thing is I am not sure in what format I should display them. Some entries have them duplicated as in here : diffiċli, or plain as in here :impossibbli.
 * I have two suggestions :
 * - diffiċli  m  or  f  or  pl
 * - diffiċli  inv
 * Both of them will be triggered by a flag inv=true. I'm leaning on the first one because it is less ambiguous. Fenakhay  ❯❯❯  Talk  09:00, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd say let's go with the second one (inv). 90.186.72.23 09:06, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

xegħel
The sense turn on is not a claque from Italian/Sicilian. Oil lamps were used in the past, and to turn them on, you had to light up the oil inside. Thus acquiring the sense of turning on, and it was extended to TVs when they appeared. It is even the same in Moroccan Arabic and Hejazi Arabic. Fenakhay ❯❯❯  Talk  15:22, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Oil lamps are "lit" in all languages. That's the literal sense of the word. The point is the figurative use for modern machines. In English "to light the TV" would make no sense. In German, "den Fernseher anzünden" would downright mean to set it on fire. As I said, the possibility that the use in Maltese and Italian are independent is there, but it's slim. Machines were brought to Malta from Italy and the terminology was adopted. In Arabic it's another thing; I'm not making claims about Arabic. Some surely use شعل, overall فتح may be commoner. But that's beside the point, because Arabic had no influence on the use in Maltese. 90.186.72.23 16:29, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:90.186.72.23


text:
katův

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * : executioner's

title: katův


text:
Kroan

Etymology
From, , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) crane

title: Kroan


text:
smꜣꜥ-ḫrw

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to judge in favor of (someone) in court; to vindicate, to find justified (+ : against)

title: smꜣꜥ-ḫrw


text:
ตุ๊กตาหิมะ

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) snowman.

title: ตุ๊กตาหิมะ


text: 禄丰

title: 禄丰


text: 祿豐

title: 祿豐


text: 大窪

title: 大窪


text: 大洼

title: 大洼


text:
kradmý

Adjective

 * 1) furtive, stealthy

title: kradmý


text: Thesaurus:進行比較

title: Thesaurus:進行比較


text: Thesaurus:較為

title: Thesaurus:較為


text: 陆风

title: 陆风


text:
hermitty

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Like, resembling, or characteristic of a hermit.

title: hermitty


text:
陸風

Noun

 * 1) offshore wind; land breeze

title: 陸風


text: lùfēng

title: lùfēng


text:
hermitness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The state, quality, or condition of a hermit.

title: hermitness


text:
hermitude

Etymology
From.

title: hermitude


text:
Module:tum-headword

local export = {}

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("tum")

local plural_classes = { ["1"] = "c2", ["1a"] = "c2", ["3"] = "c4", ["7"] = "c8", ["9"] = "c10", ["11"] = "c6", ["12"] = "c13", ["5"] = "c6", ["1a/6"] = "c6", ["9/6"] = "c6", ["14"] = "c14", ["14/6"] = "c6"}

local plural_rules = { ["1"] = {[1] = {"mw",   "ŵ", 3}, [2] = {"mu",   "ŵa", 3}, [3] = { "m",   "ŵa", 2}}, ["1a"] = {[1] = { "",   "ŵa", 1}}, ["1a/6"] = {[1] = { "",  "ma", 1}}, ["3"] = {[1] = {"mu", "mi", 3}, [2] = {"mw", "miy", 3}, [3] = {"mo", "miyo", 3}, [4] = { "m",  "mi", 2}}, ["5"] = {[1] = {"th", "mat", 3}, [2] = {"ph", "map", 3}, [3] = {"kh", "mak", 3}, [4] = {"", "ma", 1}}, --incomplete? ["7"] = {[1] = {"ci",  "vi", 3}, [2] = {"c", "vy", 2}}, ["9"] = {[1] = { "",    "", 1}},		 ["9/6"] = {[1] = {  "",  "ma", 1}}, ["11"] = {[1] = { "",  "ma", 1}}, ["14/6"] = {[1] = { "",  "ma", 1}} }

function export.noun(frame) local params = { [1] = {required=true}, [2] = {},		["head"] = {}, ["h"] = {alias_of = "head"} }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local data = {lang = lang, pos_category = "nouns", categories = {}, heads = {args["head"]}, genders = {mw.text.split(args[1], "%/")[1]}, inflections = {}} table.insert(data.categories, lang:getCanonicalName .. " class " .. data.genders[1] .. " nouns") if args[2] ~= "-" and plural_classes[args[1]] then local infl_plural = {label = "plural", accel = {form = "p", gender = plural_classes[args[1]]}, request = true} -- If no plural was provided, generate one if not args[2] then local singular = args["head"] and require("Module:links").remove_links(args["head"]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text args[2] = export.generate_plural(singular, args[1]) end if args[2] then table.insert(infl_plural, {term = args[2], genders = {plural_classes[args[1]]}}) end table.insert(data.inflections, infl_plural) end return require("Module:headword").full_headword(data) end

function match_case(string1, string2) local c1 = mw.ustring.sub(string1, 1, 1) local c2 = mw.ustring.sub(string2, 1, 1) if (mw.ustring.lower(c1) == c1) then return mw.ustring.lower(c2) .. mw.ustring.sub(string2, 2) else return mw.ustring.upper(c2) .. mw.ustring.sub(string2, 2) end end

function export.generate_plural(singular, class) if plural_rules[class] then for k, v in ipairs(plural_rules[class]) do if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(singular), "^" .. v[1]) then return match_case(singular, v[2] .. mw.ustring.sub(singular, v[3])) end end end end

return export

title: Module:tum-headword


text: Category:Tumbuka modules

title: Category:Tumbuka modules


text: Template:tum-noun

title: Template:tum-noun


text:
Template:tum-noun/documentation

This template is used to display the headword-line of Tumbuka nouns.

The template adds the entry to Category:Tumbuka nouns. As with other Wiktionary part of speech templates, please do not use .

Parameters
The following parameters are available:

title: Template:tum-noun/documentation


text: Category:Tumbuka headword-line templates


text: Category:Tumbuka templates

title: Category:Tumbuka templates


text:
ಆಕ್ರೋಶ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) indignation, outrage, resentment

title: ಆಕ್ರೋಶ


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Germanic/inkw

Is this entry supposed to be Proto-West Germanic ? because there is already Leasnam (talk) 06:41, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * One is accusative, the other is dative and instrumental. Of course they eventually fell together by regular sound change in the West Germanic languages, but in PG they were still separate. —Rua (mew) 12:17, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Ah, gotcha ! Ok tyvm ! Leasnam (talk) 17:45, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Proto-Germanic/inkw


text:
ಇರಾದೆ

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) intention

title: ಇರಾದೆ


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/mʊ̀jánà

Noun

 * 1) child

Descendants

 * Ngondi-Ngiri:
 * Northeast Bantu:
 * Northeast Coast Bantu:
 * Great Lakes Bantu:
 * Takama
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Great Lakes Bantu:
 * Takama
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Takama
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Nguni:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Sotho-Tswana:
 * Sotho-Tswana:

 * Mbam-Bube-Jarawan
 * Proto-Jarawan: *muna
 * Jarawan
 * Jarawan

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/mʊ̀jánà


text:
Talk:in high spirits

RFM discussion: December 2018–March 2019
I'd say a merge is in order. Per utramque cavernam 20:02, 1 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Merge into high spirits. DCDuring (talk) 22:56, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I concur. - TheDaveRoss  13:44, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Merged. - -sche (discuss) 23:39, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:in high spirits


text:
Talk:chủ nghĩa Mác–Lê-nin

RFM discussion: December 2019
do we want en dashes in entry titles? —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 01:18, 17 December 2019 (UTC)

 * No, and we moved all the English entries with en dashes, which may have been all the entries with en dashes at the time, a while ago (Talk:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram). I'll move this. It's fine to leave (or create) redirects at the en-dash-containing titles, IMO. It's like with straight vs curly apostrophes. - -sche (discuss) 07:15, 17 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:chủ nghĩa Mác–Lê-nin


text:
Category talk:Inuktitut Latin forms

RFM discussion: November 2019
Presumably should be moved to a standardised category name, which I believe would be Category:Inuktitut terms in Latin script. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 03:57, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Inuktitut Latin forms


text:
Talk:search it up

RFM discussion: October 2019
I request that someone rename the title of the entry "search it up" to "search up" in the same fashion as "look up". H4b7lmnnt (talk)
 * ✅ —Mahāgaja · talk 12:26, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:search it up


text:
Talk:high spirits

RFM discussion: December 2018–March 2019

 * See Talk:in high spirits.

title: Talk:high spirits


text:
百看不厭

Idiom

 * 1) to enjoy seeing something every time

title: 百看不厭


text: 百看不厌

title: 百看不厌


text:
Ἱππόθοος

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Hippothous, a descendant of  slain by Ajax

title: Ἱππόθοος


text:
sibweni

Noun

 * 1) maternal uncle

title: sibweni


text:
κάρθρα

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wages for clipping or shearing

title: κάρθρα


text:
mwanalume

Noun

 * 1) man male person

title: mwanalume


text:
mlomo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lip
 * 2) beak

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) mouth

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lip

title: mlomo


text:
χαρακίας

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) kind of fish
 * 1) kind of fish

title: χαρακίας


text:
ῥιπίς

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fan for raising the fire
 * 2) fan used by ladies

title: ῥιπίς


text:
msyombe

Noun

 * 1) bamboo

title: msyombe


text:
ciyuni

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: ciyuni


text:
cilwa

Noun

 * 1) island

title: cilwa


text:
ἀμφίφαλος

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) double-ridged, double-crested

title: ἀμφίφαλος


text:
cinthu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) thing

title: cinthu


text: ἴδοιτο

title: ἴδοιτο


text:
πηρός

Etymology
. Cannot be connected with, because of the -ᾱ-, as shown in the Doric form.

Adjective

 * 1) maimed, disabled in a limb, invalid

title: πηρός


text: λάβεν

title: λάβεν


text: sacrotuberal

title: sacrotuberal


text:
Φοινικοῦς

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Phoenicus, Ionia, Turkey

title: Φοινικοῦς


text:
semidesertic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to a semidesert

Translations

 * Italian: semidesertico

title: semidesertic


text: septomaxillae

title: septomaxillae


text: ἀνστάς

title: ἀνστάς


text: ἀνστάντες

title: ἀνστάντες


text:
seroindeterminate

Adjective

 * 1)  Having an indeterminate HIV status

title: seroindeterminate


text:
shearography

Noun

 * 1) The visualisation of surface strain by means of optical interference

title: shearography


text: silification

title: silification


text:
балет-феерия

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fairy ballet

title: балет-феерия


text:
spiroundecane

Noun

 * 1)  Any spiran that has eleven carbon atoms

title: spiroundecane


text: spiroundecanes

title: spiroundecanes


text: spliceopathies

title: spliceopathies


text: 萨利吉勒干南库勒

title: 萨利吉勒干南库勒


text: 薩利吉勒干南庫勒

title: 薩利吉勒干南庫勒


text:
spurline

Noun

 * 1)  A form of microwave filter

title: spurline


text: spurlines

title: spurlines


text:
ξένιος

Adjective

 * 1) pertaining to hospitality

title: ξένιος


text:
ξένιον

Noun

 * 1)  a gift or food given to a guest by a host

title: ξένιον


text: ξένια

title: ξένια


text: 屈輪

title: 屈輪


text: ξείνιος

title: ξείνιος


text:
ぐり

Noun

 * 1) a curved fern-like pattern used in decorating  and Zen Buddhist temples

title: ぐり


text:
lotność

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  volatility
 * 2) agility, nimbleness

title: lotność


text: Ronstadt

title: Ronstadt


text: ξείνιον

title: ξείνιον


text: ξείνια

title: ξείνια


text:
唐宋音

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  the pronunciation of Chinese characters used in the Tang and Song dynasties of China, mainly limited to Zen vocabulary, and has less influence on general expressions
 * 2) a category of, kanji pronunciation first brought to Japan by Zen monks during the Kamakura Period, corresponding to the late Song dynasty in China

title: 唐宋音


text:
Zauberoper

Noun

 * 1) fairy opera

title: Zauberoper


text:
Zauberballett

Noun

 * 1) fairy ballet

title: Zauberballett


text:
정관사

Noun

 * 1)  definite article

title: 정관사


text:
彫漆

Noun

 * 1) lacquer carving: carving patterns into layered lacquer

title: 彫漆


text: Wallfahren

title: Wallfahren


text: Walken

title: Walken


text:
부정관사

Noun

 * 1)  indefinite article: a and an in English, ein in German and un in French.

title: 부정관사


text:
kuttrasju

Etymology
Possibly from under influence from.

Noun

 * 1) a tender meeting or relationship

title: kuttrasju


text:
herdestund

Etymology
, equivalent of.

Noun

 * 1) a tender moment; a dalliance

title: herdestund


text:
Zumachen

Etymology
Substantivation of. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: Zumachen


text: Zumüllen

title: Zumüllen


text: Zumuten

title: Zumuten


text: 顺导

title: 顺导


text: Zuliefern

title: Zuliefern


text:
ὦνος

Etymology
From, thematicization of. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) price cost required to gain possession of something

title: ὦνος


text: ὦνον

title: ὦνον


text:
tassemark

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a rugged and desolate area; wilderness

title: tassemark


text:
順導

Verb

 * 1) to guide or steer in its proper course

title: 順導


text:
flyability

Etymology
From or.

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being flyable
 * 2)  The quality of being capable of flight or able to be flown; airworthiness.
 * 3)  The quality of being passable or traversable by flight.

Translations

 * German: Flugtauglichkeit, Lufttüchtigkeit, Flugfähigkeit

 * German: Fliegbarkeit

title: flyability


text: μάχοιτο

title: μάχοιτο


text: flyabilities

title: flyabilities


text:
再行

Adverb

 * 1)  and; and then

title: 再行


text:
另行

Verb

 * 1) (to do something) separately; at some other time

title: 另行


text:
въглен

Etymology
From, from , originally only an adjective.

Adjective

 * 1)  charcoal

Noun

 * 1) charcoal
 * 2) ember
 * 3)  graphite
 * 1)  graphite

title: въглен


text:
warp end

Noun

 * 1) An individual warp thread in a fabric.

Translations

 * Finnish:

title: warp end


text:
въгъл

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: въгъл


text:
jaaritteleminen

Noun

 * 1) rambling, droning on
 * 1) rambling, droning on

title: jaaritteleminen


text:
jahtaaminen

Noun

 * 1) chasing, hunting
 * 1) chasing, hunting

title: jahtaaminen


text:
jaksottaminen

Noun

 * 1) dividing into passages
 * 2) carrying forward distributing an expense
 * 3) periodizing
 * 1) periodizing

title: jaksottaminen


text:
jallittaminen

Noun

 * 1)  conning, cheating
 * 1)  conning, cheating

title: jallittaminen


text:
jalostaminen

Noun

 * 1) refining
 * 2) selective breeding
 * 1) selective breeding

title: jalostaminen


text:
jankuttaminen

Noun

 * 1) harping on
 * 1) harping on

title: jankuttaminen


text:
jaottaminen

Noun

 * 1) dividing, distributing
 * 1) dividing, distributing

title: jaottaminen


text:
jarruttaminen

Noun

 * 1) braking
 * 2) filibustering
 * 1) filibustering

title: jarruttaminen


text:
jauhaminen

Noun

 * 1) grinding, mincing, chewing
 * 2)  jabbering about silly or trivial things
 * 1)  jabbering about silly or trivial things

title: jauhaminen


text:
jauhattaminen

Noun

 * 1) having (something) ground
 * 1) having (something) ground

title: jauhattaminen


text:
jauhottaminen

Noun

 * 1) flouring applying flour
 * 1) flouring applying flour

title: jauhottaminen


text:
jeesaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  helping
 * 1)  helping

title: jeesaaminen


text:
johdottaminen

Noun

 * 1) wiring
 * 1) wiring

title: johdottaminen


text:
jokeltaminen

Noun

 * 1) babbling, gurgling inarticulate speech, especially of a baby
 * 1) babbling, gurgling inarticulate speech, especially of a baby

title: jokeltaminen


text:
jorottaminen

Noun

 * 1) being sulky
 * 1) being sulky

title: jorottaminen


text:
jossitteleminen

Noun

 * 1)  speculation, hypothesizing
 * 1)  speculation, hypothesizing

title: jossitteleminen


text:
jousittaminen

Noun

 * 1) equipping with springs
 * 1) equipping with springs

title: jousittaminen


text:
joustaminen

Noun

 * 1) yielding, bending
 * 1) yielding, bending

title: joustaminen


text:
joutaminen

Noun

 * 1) making it or reaching in time
 * 2) having or finding time to
 * 3) being ready or fit, ought to be
 * 1) being ready or fit, ought to be

title: joutaminen


text:
juhliminen

Noun

 * 1) celebrating
 * 2) partying
 * 1) partying

title: juhliminen


text:
juksaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  pulling someone's leg
 * 1)  pulling someone's leg

title: juksaaminen


text:
julistautuminen

Noun

 * 1) declaring or proclaiming oneself
 * 1) declaring or proclaiming oneself

title: julistautuminen


text:
jumittaminen

Noun

 * 1) jamming, blocking, making something stuck
 * 1) jamming, blocking, making something stuck

title: jumittaminen


text:
jumittuminen

Noun

 * 1) getting stuck
 * 1) getting stuck

title: jumittuminen


text:
jumputtaminen

Noun

 * 1) pounding, banging
 * 1) pounding, banging

title: jumputtaminen


text:
шъхьэщытхъужь

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) boaster, braggart; bragger

title: шъхьэщытхъужь


text:
Ballettmeister

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ballet master

title: Ballettmeister


text: Hin håle

title: Hin håle


text:
кюмюр

Etymology
, from, akin with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) ember, coal
 * 2) charcoal
 * 1) charcoal

title: кюмюр


text:
ballet master

Alternative forms

 * balletmaster

Noun

 * 1) An employee of a ballet company who is charged with maintaining the skill of the company's dancers.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Ballettmeister
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ballettmester
 * Polish: baletmistrz, baletmistrzyni
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

title: ballet master


text:
Ballettmusik

Noun

 * 1) ballet music

title: Ballettmusik


text:
Ballettomane

Noun

 * 1) balletomane

title: Ballettomane


text:
Ballettschule

Noun

 * 1) ballet school

title: Ballettschule


text: ballet masters

title: ballet masters


text:
maître de ballet

Noun

 * 1) ballet master

title: maître de ballet


text:
chuqllu

Noun

 * 1) fresh corn (maize)

title: chuqllu


text:
balettmästare

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) ballet master

title: balettmästare


text: Category:sv:Ballet

title: Category:sv:Ballet


text: Tyndell

title: Tyndell


text:
käsisuihku

Noun

 * 1) bidet shower, hand shower hand-held nozzle placed near the toilet
 * 2) handheld showerhead
 * 1) handheld showerhead

title: käsisuihku


text:
nieopisany

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) indescribable, ineffable

title: nieopisany


text:
pillupuhelin

Etymology

 * literally "pussy phone", named so because of its shape and its intended use for washing external genitalia.

Noun

 * 1) bum gun

title: pillupuhelin


text: opisany

title: opisany


text: Wandeln

title: Wandeln


text: Wandern

title: Wandern


text: Wälzen

title: Wälzen


text: Walten

title: Walten


text: Armitt

title: Armitt


text: szebbik

title: szebbik


text:
nieopisanie

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) indescribably, ineffably

title: nieopisanie


text:
jobbik

Etymology
From, from.

title: jobbik


text:
シルバーシート

Etymology
. Originally, named priority seat this way, naming after usage of silver-colored cloth.

Noun

 * 1)  priority seat for elderly passenger

title: シルバーシート


text: thorbe

title: thorbe


text:
uprzedni

Adjective

 * 1) prior, anterior, former

title: uprzedni


text:
Schwimmmeister

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) swimming pool attendant, swimming supervisor

title: Schwimmmeister


text: Category:Hungarian numerals suffixed with -dik


text: Schwimm-Meister

title: Schwimm-Meister


text:
uprzednio

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) formerly, previously

title: uprzednio


text:
odsłownik

Noun

 * 1)  verbal noun, gerund

title: odsłownik


text:
Category:Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik

See also:
 * Category:Hungarian adjective forms


text: 抉る

title: 抉る


text:
シュミレーション

Etymology
From metathesis of.

Noun

 * 1) Alternative or misspelling form of

Verb

 * 1) Alternative or misspelling form of

Usage notes

 * Metathesized form of, as there are no native Japanese words containing the sound besides some exceptional proper nouns.
 * More common in speech than in writing, and some people use in writing and pronounce it as the metathesized form.

title: シュミレーション


text:
汚部屋

Etymology
Replacing / with in word /.

Noun

 * 1)  dirty room

title: 汚部屋


text:
rzeczowy

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  thing, matter
 * 2) concrete, material, substantial,  in-kind
 * 3) businesslike, matter-of-fact

title: rzeczowy


text: Category:Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik


text:
rosszabbik

Etymology
From, from.

title: rosszabbik


text:
oligúria

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  oliguria

title: oligúria


text: oligúries

title: oligúries


text:
mersz

Etymology 2
the above.

title: mersz


text: mérsz

title: mérsz


text: merünk

title: merünk


text: mérünk

title: mérünk


text: merem

title: merem


text:
uprzedniość

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) antecedence

title: uprzedniość


text: mérem

title: mérem


text:
Talk:拉斯奎

Use of 'Laskuy'
Incorrectly placed in the county rather than the city --Geographyinitiative (talk) 12:18, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:拉斯奎


text: méred

title: méred


text: Category:fa:Ceramics

title: Category:fa:Ceramics


text:
falsyfikat

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fake, forgery, counterfeit

title: falsyfikat


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swerkan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to become dark


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swindan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to diminish, to dwindle


text:
クリぼっち

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) lonely on Christmas Eve

Noun

 * 1) loneliness on Christmas Eve

title: クリぼっち


text:
chamber opera

Noun

 * 1)  A genre of opera written to be performed with a chamber ensemble.
 * 2)  An individual opera in this genre.

Translations

 * German: Kammeroper

title: chamber opera


text:
Kammeroper

Noun

 * 1) chamber opera

title: Kammeroper


text:
rewia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) revue
 * 2) fashion show
 * 3)  parade

title: rewia


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swōgan

Verb

 * 1)  to overwhelm

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to resound


text:
geo-imputation

Noun

 * 1) The process of replacing missing values for exact geographical locations with approximate locations derived from associated data.
 * If a person's census tract is known but no other address information is available, then geo-imputation may be used to assign that person to a smaller geographic area, such as a census block group.

title: geo-imputation


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/walkan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to roll (of waves)
 * 2) to waulk, to full (cloth)

Descendants

 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:
 * Norman:


text:
nautima

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1) to enjoy

title: nautima


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/waskan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to wash


text: theta pinches

title: theta pinches


text:
defiladowy

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  parade

title: defiladowy


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werud

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)   troop, war-band


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wolkn

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cloud


text:
upominek

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) gift, present, keepsake

title: upominek


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wrīhan

Etymology
Presumably from, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to plait, pleat
 * 2)  to bind with twine, baste
 * 3) to impale, skewer

Derived terms

 * Dortmundisch:
 * Low Prussian:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Lippisch:
 * Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Lippisch:
 * Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Lippisch:
 * Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:

Descendants

 * Altmärkisch:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Westphalian:
 * Bentheimisch:
 * Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch:
 * Sauerländisch:
 * East Westphalian:, , ,
 * Westmünsterländisch:
 * Altmärkisch:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Westphalian:
 * Bentheimisch:
 * Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch:
 * Sauerländisch:
 * East Westphalian:, , ,
 * Westmünsterländisch:


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōtijan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to address, greet
 * 2) to blame, accuse
 * 3) to yell at, make cry, scold


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þing

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) court session, lawsuit
 * 2) affair, matter
 * 3) thing, object

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þing


text: 倶利

title: 倶利


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þeudan

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  king, leader of the people


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuni

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  family, kin

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuni


text:
flag-waver

Noun

 * 1) A highly vocal and visible supporter of a cause.

title: flag-waver


text: flagwavers

title: flagwavers


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wāpn

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  weapon

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wāpn


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/etan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to eat

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/etan


text:
flag-waving

Noun

 * 1) Highly vocal and visible support given to a cause.
 * 2)  Undesirable horizontal skewing of frames in a video signal.

title: flag-waving


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grādag

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  hungry, greedy


text: merjük

title: merjük


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swās

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  one's own, dear

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swās


text: mérjük

title: mérjük


text:
Citations:final solution

English

 * Toward this objective, China's recent three supreme leaders, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and the incumbent Xi Jinping, all embrace such a new security agenda and engage in feverish Xinjiang ethnic pacification and military buildup campaigns, with each of the three leaders having his own landmark event in implementing this Xinjiang final solution.
 * Toward this objective, China's recent three supreme leaders, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and the incumbent Xi Jinping, all embrace such a new security agenda and engage in feverish Xinjiang ethnic pacification and military buildup campaigns, with each of the three leaders having his own landmark event in implementing this Xinjiang final solution.

title: Citations:final solution


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/blāsan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to blow


text: meritek

title: meritek


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wrekan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to drive out
 * 2) to persecute


text: méritek

title: méritek


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/māg

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  kinsman

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/māg


text: merítek

title: merítek


text: merik

title: merik


text:
User talk:Sasha Gray Wolf

arctica
Your rationale for removing the Translingual derived terms/descendants should have led you to insert the deleted items at arcticus. DCDuring (talk) 13:13, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

Deleting sources
Why are you from Latin entries? -- 07:28, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Both "sources" don't have an entry for fello (noun), only for fello (verb), hence they aren't sources. --Sasha Gray Wolf (talk) 07:51, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Uh, then move them to the verb... -- 08:32, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Template:epilang
If you don't like the wording of categories that a template produces, ask for it to be changed (at the Beer parlour or Requests for moves, mergers and splits). Don't just remove templates piecemeal. The categories provide useful information/navigation, and should be corrected rather than removed. Chuck Entz (talk) 21:02, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Have you even read your own reference? I guess not because you've translated it incorrectly, it is used as on all four pages. Fytcha (talk) 12:47, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Then please translate me this from the given work:
 * „I gang ins Wirtshaus!“ brüelts, und drüber chracht E Thür in's Schloß, es grüselet eim fast, Und usen-n-in die sternehelli Nacht Stürmt a mer dure-n Ein in Zorn und Brast.
 * --Sasha Gray Wolf (talk) 13:01, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * First two lines: „Ich gehe ins Gasthaus!“ brüllt (oder: weint) es und darüber kracht eine Tür ins Schloss, es gruselt einen fast, Fytcha (talk) 13:14, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * And it's (Tür-)schloß = (door-)lock, ain't it? --Sasha Gray Wolf (talk) 13:17, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I see, it is used as lock here (though it could be argued that the author deliberately used both senses simultaneously (cf. "e gellig Wibergschrei" right above that paragraph)), though not on pages 21, 25, 27. Fytcha (talk) 13:18, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * That's why p. 32 was used, and the rest only given as "see also" for comparison. --Sasha Gray Wolf (talk) 13:20, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Okay I see, I was mistaken about p.32. Fytcha (talk) 13:24, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

Your dative plural forms -'n
I've seen your addition of dative plural forms with a final -'n as in (Zite'n) and in  (Johre'n). Which dialect is that based on? Fytcha (talk) 18:22, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sasha Gray Wolf


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brekan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to break

Descendants

 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:
 * Bressan:
 * Fribourgeois:


text: mérik

title: mérik


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lākī

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  doctor, physician

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lākī


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/māl

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  time, occasion
 * 2)  mealtime

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/māl


text: mertem

title: mertem


text: mértem

title: mértem


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strālu

Etymology
From, from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  arrow


text: mertél

title: mertél


text: mértél

title: mértél


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/jār

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  year
 * 2) (good) harvest

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/jār


text: merted

title: merted


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swār

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  heavy

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swār


text: mérted

title: mérted


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/beran

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to carry, to bear


text: merte

title: merte


text:
upominać

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to admonish, to rebuke, to scold
 * 2)  to demand, to ask for
 * 1)  to demand, to ask for

title: upominać


text: mérte

title: mérte


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sāan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to sow

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sāan


text: mertünk

title: mertünk


text: mértünk

title: mértünk


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fātijan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to adorn


text: mertük

title: mertük


text:
szycha

Etymology
+.

Noun

 * 1)  honcho, head honcho
 * 1)  honcho, head honcho

title: szycha


text: mértük

title: mértük


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lākinōn

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to heal, cure, treat


text: mertetek

title: mertetek


text: mértetek

title: mértetek


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mākī

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sword

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mākī


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gafrāgī

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  known, famous


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwāni

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)   woman, wife


text:
szyszeczka

Etymology
From.

title: szyszeczka


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/feþru

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  feather


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gras

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  grass

Descendants

 * Italian Walser: ,
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Italian Walser: ,
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Italian Walser: ,
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]
 * Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], older [kʀɔːs]

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gras


text:
upomnieć

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to admonish, to rebuke, to scold
 * 2)  to demand, to ask for
 * 1)  to demand, to ask for
 * 1)  to demand, to ask for

title: upomnieć


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/word

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  word

Descendants

 * Föhr:
 * Helgoland:
 * Mooring:
 * Föhr:
 * Helgoland:
 * Mooring:
 * Föhr:
 * Helgoland:
 * Mooring:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/word


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fullijan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to fill


text: NGCI

title: NGCI


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tauwjan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to prepare

Descendants

 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),
 * (in, , , etc.),


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lob

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  praise

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lob


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lobōn

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to praise


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/otr

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  otter

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/otr


text: Category:gmw-pro:Mustelids

title: Category:gmw-pro:Mustelids


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dohter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  daughter


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ohsō

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  ox

Inflection
While not shown in the below table, the plural forms preserve the zero-grade forms of the suffix.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ohsō


text:
besztać

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to scold, to chide, to rebuke

title: besztać


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hol

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  hollow

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  hole

Descendants

 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)
 * (possibly from Norse)

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hol


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/geldan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to pay for


text:
Talk:oh girl

RFV discussion: October–December 2019
"Alternative to oh boy" — surjection ⟨?⟩ 13:53, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Almost everything I find is simply addressing a girl, but I did manage to find and add one cite (on citations page). Kiwima (talk) 18:23, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Needs usage notes or marking as non-standard etc. The current entry would appear to suggest that this is just as common as "oh boy" which it evidently is not. Using this phrase would perhaps be trying to make a gendered point, similar to how people with non-monotheistic religious beliefs sometimes self-consciously use "oh gods" instead of "oh god". Equinox ◑ 15:46, 26 October 2019 (UTC)

 * I have managed to find two more cites that are not addressing a girl. Perhaps we could merge the two definitions and add a usage note. Kiwima (talk) 04:55, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

RFV-resolved Kiwima (talk) 20:31, 16 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:oh girl


text:
User:Luka sebeso

I'm creating a new page on wictionary

title: User:Luka sebeso


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werpan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to throw


text:
ἐξελαύνω

Verb

 * 1) to drive out, chase away

title: ἐξελαύνω


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sorgu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  worry, sorrow


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/opan

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) open

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/opan


text:
zbesztać

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to scold, to chide, to rebuke

title: zbesztać


text:
User talk:Luka sebeso

Ho

title: User talk:Luka sebeso


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/broþ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  broth

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/broþ


text: ἐξελάσας

title: ἐξελάσας


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hross

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  horse


text:
Sinnlosigkeit

Noun

 * 1) senselessness

title: Sinnlosigkeit


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bogō

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) arch, bow
 * 2)  bow (weapon)

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bogō


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/holm

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  island

Descendants

 * (meaning influenced by Old Norse )

title: Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/holm