text:
User talk:2601:647:8281:1570:A0A4:AD37:DC86:5B3D

I would like to understand why I have been blocked (and moreso why I am unable to create an account to email to dispute this claim directly). I am in the belief that by editing the page leva that I was reported for adding innapropriate information. It is also to my understanding that slang and vernacular terminology are appropriate for wiktionary articles in so long as they are specified as. The particular word being referenced leva is a common vernacular and slang term used in Chicano-American English and Suburban Vernacular English and has an extent of use across the entire Southern California region (the same region referenced in "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet" as the chosen variety to represent American English in the representational "illustration"). Given that regional definitions are common on wiktionary (see y'all) and slang is also common (see Benjamin) so long as it is specified and accurate, I see no issue to take with my edits to the article.

Moreover I hate to reference Urban Dictionary as a source but given that we are referring to slang I hope it is appropriate.

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=leva


text:
鍵盤膜

Noun

 * 1) keyboard cover, usually made of silicone rubber, used for protecting the keyboard from dust or liquid

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 鍵盤膜


text: 键盘膜

title: 键盘膜


text:
methylpentane

Noun

 * 1)  Any methyl derivative of a pentane, but especially 2-methylpentane

title: methylpentane


text:
哥特語

Proper noun

 * 1)  Gothic

title: 哥特語


text: 哥特语

title: 哥特语


text:
methylpentan-

Noun

 * 1)  A derivative of methylpentane, in which the following part of the word starts with a vowel e.g. -ol or -al

title: methylpentan-


text:
哥特人

Noun

 * 1)  Goth

title: 哥特人


text:
吠陀梵語

Noun

 * 1) Vedic Sanskrit

title: 吠陀梵語


text: 吠陀梵语

title: 吠陀梵语


text:
mercaptobenzthiazole

Noun

 * 1)  abbreviated as MBT

title: mercaptobenzthiazole


text:
melilitic

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to, or composed of melilite

Translations

 * French: melilitique
 * Italian: melilitico

title: melilitic


text: 塞瓦斯托波爾

title: 塞瓦斯托波爾


text: 塞瓦斯托波尔

title: 塞瓦斯托波尔


text: 塞凡堡

title: 塞凡堡


text:
ئاچلىق

Noun

 * 1) hunger

title: ئاچلىق


text:
ئاچ

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Adjective

 * 1) hungry

title: ئاچ


text:
찻물

Etymology
, from

Noun

 * 1)  hot tea

title: 찻물


text:
亞速海

Proper noun

 * 1) Sea of Azov

title: 亞速海


text: 亚速海

title: 亚速海


text:
Talk:turlough

Etymology on Wikipedia says that it's not actually related to loch, and that this is a folk etymology. Also, is there a valid pronunciation with a /k/? Soap (talk) 06:13, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:turlough


text:
hà thủ ô

Etymology
, from.

title: hà thủ ô


text: Category:vi:Buckwheat family plants

title: Category:vi:Buckwheat family plants


text: Category:vi:Caryophyllales order plants

title: Category:vi:Caryophyllales order plants


text:
구판

Noun

 * 1)  transaction, trade

title: 구판


text: 去來

title: 去來


text:
欖球

Noun

 * 1)  rugby

title: 欖球


text: 榄球

title: 榄球


text: Category:vi:Twenty

title: Category:vi:Twenty


text: 購販

title: 購販


text:
색아

Noun

 * 1)  girl

title: 색아


text:
선슨아

Noun

 * 1)  boy

title: 선슨아


text:
كب

Verb

 * 1) to prostrate, to cause to go lie downwards, to spill
 * 2) to cover with a lid
 * 1) to cover with a lid

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to spill (a liquid)

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to spill
 * 2) to toss, to throw away

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pour out

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to spill, to pour out
 * 2) to toss, to throw away
 * 1) to toss, to throw away
 * 1) to toss, to throw away

title: كب


text:
isoindol-

Prefix

 * 1)  an isoindole derivative, followed by a vowel.

title: isoindol-


text:
ανδρογυνία

Noun

 * 1) androgyny

title: ανδρογυνία


text:
ανδρογυνισμός

Noun

 * 1) androgyny

title: ανδρογυνισμός


text: ανδρογυνισμού

title: ανδρογυνισμού


text: ανδρογυνισμό

title: ανδρογυνισμό


text: ανδρογυνισμέ

title: ανδρογυνισμέ


text: ανδρογυνισμών

title: ανδρογυνισμών


text: ανδρογυνισμοί

title: ανδρογυνισμοί


text: ανδρογυνισμούς

title: ανδρογυνισμούς


text: ανδρογυνίας

title: ανδρογυνίας


text:
ανδροκοίτης

Noun

 * 1) sexual activity between men: anal sex, buggery

title: ανδροκοίτης


text: ανδροκοίτη

title: ανδροκοίτη


text: ανδροκοιτών

title: ανδροκοιτών


text: ανδροκοίτες

title: ανδροκοίτες


text:
Rhymes:English/ɪlθ

Pronunciation
,

title: Rhymes:English/ɪlθ


text:
Danuvius

Etymology
From.

title: Danuvius


text: Category:ga:Vessels

title: Category:ga:Vessels


text:
annā

Noun

 * 1)  mummy

title: annā


text:
lactosome

Noun

 * 1) A micelle, containing lipid and protein, found in milk

title: lactosome


text:
laminoforaminotomy

Noun

 * 1)  A form of foraminotomy in which the vertebral lamina are also removed

title: laminoforaminotomy


text:
ᠴᠠᠢ

Etymology
From, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) tea

title: ᠴᠠᠢ


text:
lumbotomy

Noun

 * 1)  incision of the lumbar muscles, typically to access a kidney

title: lumbotomy


text: lumbotomies

title: lumbotomies


text:
lysogalactosylceramide

Noun

 * 1)  Any derivative of a galactosylceramide in which an acyl group has been removed by hydrolysis

title: lysogalactosylceramide


text:
lysoglucosylceramide

Noun

 * 1)  Any derivative of a glucosylceramide in which an acyl group has been removed by hydrolysis

title: lysoglucosylceramide


text:
lysohexosylceramide

Noun

 * 1)  Any derivative of a hexosylceramide in which an acyl group has been removed by hydrolysis

title: lysohexosylceramide


text:
trombektomia

Noun

 * 1)  thrombectomy

title: trombektomia


text:
Rhymes:German/afn̩

Seven syllables

de:Reim:Deutsch:-afn̩

title: Rhymes:German/afn̩


text:
豐繁

Adjective

 * 1) abundant and diverse

title: 豐繁


text: Category:pl:Surgery

title: Category:pl:Surgery


text: 丰繁

title: 丰繁


text:
Sévère

Proper noun

 * 1) Severus

title: Sévère


text: Север

title: Север


text: ᠴᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ

title: ᠴᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ


text:
掛載點

Noun

 * 1)  mount point

title: 掛載點


text:
掛載

Verb

 * 1)  to mount

title: 掛載


text:
σπάλαθρον

Etymology
According to Beekes, from.

Noun

 * 1) oven rake

title: σπάλαθρον


text: 远端

title: 远端


text:
κατανάγκη

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) means of constraint, spell

title: κατανάγκη


text:
遠端

Noun

 * 1) far end
 * 2)  distal end
 * 3)  remote device

title: 遠端


text: 成王败寇

title: 成王败寇


text: 成者王侯败者寇

title: 成者王侯败者寇


text: 挂载点

title: 挂载点


text: 挂载

title: 挂载


text:
πλυνός

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) trough, tank or pit in which dirty clothes were washed by treading
 * 2) washing tubs, fuller's tubs

title: πλυνός


text:
ἐκπιεστήριον

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) carder's press

title: ἐκπιεστήριον


text:
χρόμαδος

Etymology
The ending recalls other sound words like, and. According to Beekes, it is from, the same root of , , 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) crash, din, fragor

title: χρόμαδος


text:
diggaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  digging, liking
 * 1)  digging, liking

title: diggaaminen


text:
bailaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  partying
 * 1)  partying

title: bailaaminen


text:
blandaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  blending or mixing an alcoholic drink to make it weaker
 * 1)  blending or mixing an alcoholic drink to make it weaker

title: blandaaminen


text:
blogaaminen

Noun

 * 1) blogging
 * 1) blogging

title: blogaaminen


text:
bongaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  spotting
 * 1)  spotting

title: bongaaminen


text:
budjetoiminen

Noun

 * 1) budgeting
 * 1) budgeting

title: budjetoiminen


text:
dateeraaminen

Noun

 * 1)  dating noting the time of or determining the age of
 * 1)  dating noting the time of or determining the age of

title: dateeraaminen


text:
debytoiminen

Noun

 * 1) debuting
 * 1) debuting

title: debytoiminen


text:
delaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  dying
 * 1)  dying

title: delaaminen


text:
delegoiminen

Noun

 * 1) delegating
 * 1) delegating

title: delegoiminen


text:
demagnetoiminen

Noun

 * 1) demagnetizing, degaussing
 * 1) demagnetizing, degaussing

title: demagnetoiminen


text:
demilitarisoiminen

Noun

 * 1) demilitarizing
 * 1) demilitarizing

title: demilitarisoiminen


text:
demokraattistaminen

Noun

 * 1) democratizing
 * 1) democratizing

title: demokraattistaminen


text:
demokratisoiminen

Noun

 * 1) democratizing
 * 1) democratizing

title: demokratisoiminen


text:
denaturoiminen

Noun

 * 1) denaturing
 * 1) denaturing

title: denaturoiminen


text:
digitoiminen

Noun

 * 1) digitizing
 * 1) digitizing

title: digitoiminen


text:
dippaaminen

Noun

 * 1) dipping especially of food into sauce
 * 1) dipping especially of food into sauce

title: dippaaminen


text:
diskaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  disqualifying
 * 1)  disqualifying

title: diskaaminen


text:
diskvalifioiminen

Noun

 * 1) disqualifying
 * 1) disqualifying

title: diskvalifioiminen


text:
devalvoiminen

Noun

 * 1) devaluing
 * 1) devaluing

title: devalvoiminen


text:
dokumentoiminen

Noun

 * 1) documenting
 * 1) documenting

title: dokumentoiminen


text:
dominoiminen

Noun

 * 1) dominating
 * 1) dominating

title: dominoiminen


text:
douppaaminen

Noun

 * 1) doping using illicit drugs to enhance performance in sports
 * 1) doping using illicit drugs to enhance performance in sports

title: douppaaminen


text:
dramatisoiminen

Noun

 * 1) dramatizing
 * 1) dramatizing

title: dramatisoiminen


text:
digitalisoiminen

Noun

 * 1) digitalizing
 * 1) digitalizing

title: digitalisoiminen


text:
desinfioiminen

Noun

 * 1) disinfect
 * 1) disinfect

title: desinfioiminen


text:
diagnosoiminen

Noun

 * 1)  diagnosing
 * 1)  diagnosing

title: diagnosoiminen


text:
dokaaminen

Noun

 * 1)  drinking heavily
 * 1)  drinking heavily

title: dokaaminen


text: onegai

title: onegai


text:
Τέρμερα

Proper noun

 * 1) Termera, Caria, Turkey

title: Τέρμερα


text:
幾度

Pronoun

 * 1) how many times

title: 幾度


text:
うてな

Noun

 * 1)  lofty palace
 * 2)  pedestal

title: うてな


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagrį̄

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) splendor, beauty

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagrį̄


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagriþō

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fairness, beauty

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagriþō


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagrijaną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to make suitable

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fagrijaną


text:
사뢰다

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Inserting of —외— is likely due to analogy with.

Verb

 * 1)  to tell (a superior), to inform

title: 사뢰다


text:
Appendix:Snowclones/as X as it gets

Phrase

 * 1)  Phrase used as an alternative to a superlative adjective, where X is the base adjective.
 * This weather is about as good as it gets in this area. = The best weather you can expect.
 * Those oil tankers are as big as ships get nowadays. = The biggest freight ships built.
 * That criminal is as bad as they get. = He is the worst criminal.

title: Appendix:Snowclones/as X as it gets


text:
manakuke

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mongoose

title: manakuke


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþagaz

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) bloody

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþagaz


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþagōną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to make bloody

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþagōną


text:
holde snor i

Verb

 * 1) keep a tab on

title: holde snor i


text:
Außenbereich

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) exterior
 * 2) outdoor area
 * 3)  outskirts
 * 4)  forecourt
 * 1)  outskirts
 * 2)  forecourt
 * 1)  forecourt

title: Außenbereich


text:
𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to prepare
 * 2) * Timothy II 2:10:
 * "got"

- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌳 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌾𐌰 𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴, 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌰.

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽


text: gafahrjan

title: gafahrjan


text: 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌰

title: 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌰


text:
suveræn

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) sovereign
 * 2) extraordinary

title: suveræn


text:
plukfisk

Noun

 * 1) a dish consisting of fish in a sauce

title: plukfisk


text:
vunxua

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) culture

title: vunxua


text: 儒经

title: 儒经


text:
儒經

Noun

 * 1) Confucian classics

title: 儒經


text: rújīng

title: rújīng


text:
şo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) yogurt

title: şo


text: эмас

title: эмас


text:
yoʻq

Etymology
From, from.

Particle

 * 1) no, nope

Synonyms

 * emas

title: yoʻq


text:
enlightment

Usage notes
This form is rare enough that it may be considered a misspelling by some speakers.

title: enlightment


text: enlightments

title: enlightments


text:
애아

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  air

title: 애아


text: town councils

title: town councils


text:
irányító

Adjective

 * 1) controlling

Noun

 * 1) controller

title: irányító


text:
morottaa

Verb

 * 1)  to greet

title: morottaa


text:
Enlightment

Usage notes
This form is rare enough that it may be considered a misspelling by some speakers.

title: Enlightment


text:
Talk:treble clef

treble
What meaning of treble is used here? --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:49, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * The clue is the one with the "music" label. SemperBlotto (talk) 11:54, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:treble clef


text: vessed

title: vessed


text: vesd

title: vesd


text: vessük

title: vessük


text: vessétek

title: vessétek


text: vessék

title: vessék


text:
Talk:soppy

(U.S.) rainy
3. (U.S.): characterized by heavy rainfall Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:59, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:soppy


text: vessek

title: vessek


text: vessél

title: vessél


text: vess

title: vess


text:
borough council

Noun

 * 1)  A body of people elected to manage the affairs of a local government district with borough status, metropolitan borough or London borough; e.g. Spelthorne Borough Council.

title: borough council


text: vessünk

title: vessünk


text: vessetek

title: vessetek


text: vessenek

title: vessenek


text:
puke wehewehe ʻōlelo

Etymology
Literally "word-explaining book"

Noun

 * 1) dictionary

title: puke wehewehe ʻōlelo


text: veted

title: veted


text: vetjük

title: vetjük


text: vetitek

title: vetitek


text: vetik

title: vetik


text: vetnek

title: vetnek


text: vetünk

title: vetünk


text: vetsz

title: vetsz


text: vetek

title: vetek


text:
Kennleuchte

Noun

 * 1) marker light

title: Kennleuchte


text: borough councils

title: borough councils


text:
black carbon

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Elemental carbon in the form of very fine graphite particulates, a major component of soot.
 * 2) * 1980,, Soot in the Atmosphere, , Report LBL-11676, page 1:
 * Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere consist of two major components — graphitic or black carbon and organic material.

Usage notes

 * Black carbon is often used misleadingly to refer to the soot that is present in the atmosphere.

Translations

 * Finnish: musta hiili

title: black carbon


text:
vetette

Etymology 2
From, from.

title: vetette


text: vetett

title: vetett


text:
còn nước còn tát

Idiom

 * 1)  (as long as) there's water left, it can be drained out
 * 2)  if there's hope, then one should do to the most of their ability

title: còn nước còn tát


text:
User talk:2003:CF:3F30:E327:8D30:6486:A1BD:108

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

 * Entry layout (EL) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard. The easiest way to start off is to copy the contents of an existing page for a similar word, and then adapt it to fit the entry you are creating.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! Inner Focus (talk) 12:41, 9 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:girth

surround something
to surround or encircle something (literary) Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:44, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:girth


text:
kinkhoast

Noun

 * 1) whooping cough

title: kinkhoast


text:
การฉิบหาย

Etymology
From.

title: การฉิบหาย


text:
ความฉิบหาย

Etymology
From.

title: ความฉิบหาย


text: Streitgesprächs

title: Streitgesprächs


text: Streitgespräches

title: Streitgespräches


text: Streitgespräche

title: Streitgespräche


text:
warspello

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  fortune-teller, prophet

title: warspello


text:
Talk:cwen

cwēn
Why doesn't cwēn redirect here? --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:04, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * See WT:Redirections and the deletion summary found at cwēn. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 14:33, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:cwen


text:
стоять одной ногой в могиле

Verb

 * 1)  to have one foot in the grave

title: стоять одной ногой в могиле


text:
Staatsoper

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) State opera

title: Staatsoper


text: push button

title: push button


text: push buttons

title: push buttons


text:
Talk:welter

lie drenched with liquid
to lie soaked or bathed in water, blood, or some other liquid Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:22, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:welter


text: Langschläfers

title: Langschläfers


text:
жрица любви

Etymology
lit. 'priestess of love'.

Noun

 * 1)  prostitute

title: жрица любви


text:
vetettek

Etymology 2
and.

title: vetettek


text: vetették

title: vetették


text:
vétettek

Etymology 2
From the stem of  and.

title: vétettek


text: vétett

title: vétett


text:
vétettünk

Etymology 2
From the stem of.

title: vétettünk


text:
vétettetek

Etymology 2
From the stem of.

title: vétettetek


text: Schuttcontainers

title: Schuttcontainers


text:
se lever du mauvais pied

Verb

 * 1)  to get up on the wrong side of the bed to feel irritable without a particular reason

title: se lever du mauvais pied


text: vetettünk

title: vetettünk


text: vetettetek

title: vetettetek


text: Absichtserklärungen

title: Absichtserklärungen


text: Schwären

title: Schwären


text: vetettél

title: vetettél


text:
vétettél

Etymology 2
From the stem of.

title: vétettél


text: Schädelbrüche

title: Schädelbrüche


text: Schädelbruches

title: Schädelbruches


text: Schädelbruchs

title: Schädelbruchs


text:
vétettem

Etymology 2
From the stem of.

title: vétettem


text: Nacherzählungen

title: Nacherzählungen


text: Willenserklärungen

title: Willenserklärungen


text:
se presser le citron

Verb

 * 1)  to rack one's brain, to cudgel one's brain

title: se presser le citron


text:
cudgel one's brain

Verb

 * 1)  to think hard and try to remember something.

title: cudgel one's brain


text: vetettem

title: vetettem


text: Träbers

title: Träbers


text: Träbern

title: Träbern


text: Trebers

title: Trebers


text: Trebern

title: Trebern


text:
tuzak

Etymology
From, from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) trap, snare

title: tuzak


text: vetetted

title: vetetted


text: cudgel one's brains

title: cudgel one's brains


text: vetettük

title: vetettük


text: Fährdiensts

title: Fährdiensts


text: Fährdienstes

title: Fährdienstes


text: Fährdienste

title: Fährdienste


text:
岷倫洛

Etymology
Borrowed from via 🇨🇬, with the old archaic spelling in, as attested in the , originally from , from ⟨tl⟩.

title: 岷倫洛


text: Brummbärs

title: Brummbärs


text: Brummbären

title: Brummbären


text: vetettétek

title: vetettétek


text: Tischgesprächs

title: Tischgesprächs


text: Tischgespräches

title: Tischgespräches


text: Tischgespräche

title: Tischgespräche


text: Glasbläsereien

title: Glasbläsereien


text:
t'inquiète

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1)  don't worry

title: t'inquiète


text: Tätervolkes

title: Tätervolkes


text: Tätervolks

title: Tätervolks


text: Tätervölker

title: Tätervölker


text:
User talk:27.34.68.148

Go away. Canonicalization (talk) 13:52, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:27.34.68.148


text: vétesz

title: vétesz


text: Spätmittelhochdeutschs

title: Spätmittelhochdeutschs


text:
faire aller

Verb

 * 1)  to pull someone's leg, to fool, usually as a joke

Conjugation

 * see

title: faire aller


text: Template:ang-decl-noun-nd-m

title: Template:ang-decl-noun-nd-m


text: Geäses

title: Geäses


text: Gezähes

title: Gezähes


text: Nägelchen

title: Nägelchen


text: Nägelchens

title: Nägelchens


text:
vétek

Noun

 * 1)  sin, fault, wrong, offense, transgression, trespass

title: vétek


text:
vétetek

Etymology 2
From the stem of.

title: vétetek


text: Bischkeks

title: Bischkeks


text: vétünk

title: vétünk


text: vetetek

title: vetetek


text: vetetsz

title: vetetsz


text: Spätdienste

title: Spätdienste


text: Spätdiensts

title: Spätdiensts


text: Spätdienstes

title: Spätdienstes


text: vetetünk

title: vetetünk


text: vetetnek

title: vetetnek


text:
亞典耀

Etymology
From.

title: 亞典耀


text: veteted

title: veteted


text: veteti

title: veteti


text: 亚典耀

title: 亚典耀


text: neo-imperialist

title: neo-imperialist


text: vetetjük

title: vetetjük


text: vetetitek

title: vetetitek


text: vetetik

title: vetetik


text: vetetett

title: vetetett


text: vetettelek

title: vetettelek


text: vetlek

title: vetlek


text: vetetlek

title: vetetlek


text:
heamen

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

title: heamen


text:
mamilis

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to hurry

title: mamilis


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Finnic/musta

Can you have a look at this? Based on the template's documentation, I suspect that this isn't how it's supposed to be used. —Rua (mew) 14:31, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * That's right. Now the template will throw an error if used on mainspace or Reconstruction pages. — Eru·tuon 19:55, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Proto-Finnic/musta


text:
졍찰

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) police
 * 2) a police officer

title: 졍찰


text:
鶶鷵

Noun

 * 1) a kind of bird with pale feathers

title: 鶶鷵


text: Category:goh:Occupations

title: Category:goh:Occupations


text: Category:goh:Divination

title: Category:goh:Divination


text: Category:goh:Occult

title: Category:goh:Occult


text: Category:goh:Forteana

title: Category:goh:Forteana


text: Category:goh:Pseudoscience

title: Category:goh:Pseudoscience


text:
vétetik

Etymology
From the stem of.

Verb

 * : to be taken out of something

Usage notes
As an exception, this passive form is still in use today in reference to this verse: “By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; you are dust, and to dust you shall return.” (Genesis 3:19 )

title: vétetik


text: Citations:neo-fascism

title: Citations:neo-fascism


text:
vétetsz

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vétetsz


text:
vétetünk

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vétetünk


text:
痟痟

Noun

 * 1)  crazy person; insane person; madman; dumb person; stupid person; fool

title: 痟痟


text:
fultumleas

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) without help; helpless

title: fultumleas


text:
vétetnek

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vétetnek


text:
vétetett

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vétetett


text:
หายหัว

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Verb

 * 1)  to disappear or be absent for a long time; to be gone for good.
 * 2)  to avoid meeting or being seen by someone; to escape the sight of someone; to make oneself lost.

title: หายหัว


text:
Talk:tepoztototl

 * A reference A book over Hueyapan or Morelos Nahuatl language, but Classical Nahuatl is taught at many schools and universities in this time, maybe it's a revitalized language.--Marrovi (talk) 22:08, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Other reference. Antonio Gritón (2012), Diccionario visual del náhuatl.

title: Talk:tepoztototl


text:
tequixquitl

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tequesquite

Noun

 * 1) tequesquite

title: tequixquitl


text:
kleksik

Etymology
From.

title: kleksik


text:
-tetik

Etymology 2
From.

title: -tetik


text:
গোসাঁই

Etymology
,, from , from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) God
 * 2) sage, saint, hermit

Etymology
, from, from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) lord, master
 * 2) God

title: গোসাঁই


text:
says you

Phrase

 * 1) a statement of disagreement or disbelief, especially when highlighting hypocrisy
 * Hot dogs are the best food ever! — Says you!
 * My car is the fastest car in this whole parking lot! — Says you. Prove it, let's race.

title: says you


text: hoomes

title: hoomes


text:
Template:U:hu:verb-tatik

 * (passive suffix) Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic verbs
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic verbs
 *  is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel + t
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel + t
 *  is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel + t
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel + t
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel + t

title: Template:U:hu:verb-tatik


text:
adatik

Verb

 * : to be given

title: adatik


text: Category:Old English nd-stem nouns

title: Category:Old English nd-stem nouns


text: Lebensgefährten

title: Lebensgefährten


text: Category:Hungarian verbs suffixed with -atik


text: Category:Hungarian terms suffixed with -atik


text: -atik

title: -atik


text: -tatik

title: -tatik


text:
-etik

Etymology 2
From.

title: -etik


text: Grippen

title: Grippen


text: Schweinegrippen

title: Schweinegrippen


text: Bewölkungen

title: Bewölkungen


text:
Talk:Dorf

Of course not relevant enough for the entry, but still a little bit interesting, so I'm putting it here: The unusual phenomenon that -dorfer, -dorfisch tends to get a [v] in North-Rhine Westphalia, but common nouns keep [f], is explanable from the fact that when people still widely spoke the regional dialects (where "Dorf" = Dörp), the placenames already often got the standard German form, which was used officially. So these were treated as having an underlying -rv- (since -rf- doesn't exist in these dialects). When later on people adopted standard German as a vernacular, they adopted the common noun "Dorf" with the regular [f] sound. 88.64.225.98 15:56, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dorf


text: Hagelschauers

title: Hagelschauers


text: Windhosen

title: Windhosen


text: Wolkendecken

title: Wolkendecken


text: Niederganges

title: Niederganges


text: Niederkünfte

title: Niederkünfte


text: βάλλετε

title: βάλλετε


text: Überschlags

title: Überschlags


text: Überschlages

title: Überschlages


text: Überschläge

title: Überschläge


text: hyeth

title: hyeth


text:
t'occupe

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1)  don't worry about that; mind your own business

title: t'occupe


text:
airline seat

Noun

 * 1) A style of seat found in aircraft, also in some trains.

title: airline seat


text: Meteors

title: Meteors


text: Meteoren

title: Meteoren


text:
skrue bissen på

Verb

 * 1)  be tough

title: skrue bissen på


text: Indices

title: Indices


text: Indicis

title: Indicis


text:
ve’lha

Verb

 * 1) to be one, alone

Numeral

 * 1) one

title: ve’lha


text:
économie circulaire

Noun

 * 1) circular economy

title: économie circulaire


text: Category:Nivaclé terms with IPA pronunciation


text: Category:Nivaclé entry maintenance

title: Category:Nivaclé entry maintenance


text: Category:Nivaclé lemmas

title: Category:Nivaclé lemmas


text: Category:Nivaclé verbs

title: Category:Nivaclé verbs


text: Category:Nivaclé terms with usage examples


text: Category:Nivaclé numerals

title: Category:Nivaclé numerals


text:
έβαλλα

Verb

 * Older form:
 * Older form:

title: έβαλλα


text:
salle d'op

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  operating room

title: salle d'op


text: airline seats

title: airline seats


text: Hydronyms

title: Hydronyms


text: Hydronyme

title: Hydronyme


text:
intoxication alimentaire

Noun

 * 1) food poisoning

title: intoxication alimentaire


text: Tierwelten

title: Tierwelten


text: ἔβαλλον

title: ἔβαλλον


text:
borne kilométrique

Noun

 * 1) kilometre marker, mile marker, milepost, milestone

title: borne kilométrique


text: Wildkaninchens

title: Wildkaninchens


text: Kaninchendrahtes

title: Kaninchendrahtes


text: Kaninchendrahts

title: Kaninchendrahts


text: Kaninchendrähte

title: Kaninchendrähte


text: Nato-Drahtes

title: Nato-Drahtes


text: Nato-Drahts

title: Nato-Drahts


text: Hetzjagden

title: Hetzjagden


text: Kaninchenjagden

title: Kaninchenjagden


text: Fuchsjagden

title: Fuchsjagden


text: Template:ang-decl-noun-nd-m/documentation


text: Feierbiestes

title: Feierbiestes


text: Feierbiests

title: Feierbiests


text: Feierbiester

title: Feierbiester


text: βάλλομαι

title: βάλλομαι


text:
Template:R:cag:Fabre

.

title: Template:R:cag:Fabre


text: Category:Nivaclé reference templates

title: Category:Nivaclé reference templates


text: Category:Nivaclé templates

title: Category:Nivaclé templates


text: βάλλομε

title: βάλλομε


text: βάλλουμε

title: βάλλουμε


text: hyth

title: hyth


text:
crise d'adolescence

Noun

 * 1) teenage crisis, adolescence identity crisis, growing pains emotional or social problems associated with adolescence

title: crise d'adolescence


text:
napu’

Verb

 * 1) to be two

Numeral

 * 1) two

title: napu’


text:
pu’ja’na

Verb

 * 1) to be three

Numeral

 * 1) three

title: pu’ja’na


text:
Talk:dumbo

[Mid-20th century. After jumbo]
[Mid-20th century. After jumbo] Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:36, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:dumbo


text: 魁北克城

title: 魁北克城


text: 魁北克市

title: 魁北克市


text:
beat one's brains out

Verb

 * 1)  to think very hard about.

title: beat one's brains out


text: however one slices it

title: however one slices it


text:
yichatjulh

Etymology
Fabre (2016) regards this numeral as a conjugated form of the verb augmented with. Its literal meaning “[it] goes towards something that is coming closer” probably refers to the fact that “four” comes just before “five”, the last number that can be expressed with the fingers of one hand.

Verb

 * 1) to be four

Numeral

 * 1) four

title: yichatjulh


text:
ógbhean

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) young woman
 * 2)  damsel
 * 3)  lassie
 * 1)  damsel
 * 2)  lassie
 * 1)  lassie

title: ógbhean


text: Hauptseiten

title: Hauptseiten


text:
foot the bill

Verb

 * 1)  To pay for something.

title: foot the bill


text: shumacs

title: shumacs


text:
shumacing

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : the process of applying a preparation of sumac to an object.

title: shumacing


text: shumaced

title: shumaced


text: βάλομε

title: βάλομε


text:
Talk:grandee

somebody with power to persuade
somebody highly influential and respected, especially a politician Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:48, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

Audio
Audio is not optimal IMO. He seems to stress the first syllable and his /ɡ/ is devoiced to an usual degree. Sounds a lot like *crandy to me. 178.4.151.17 21:00, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:grandee


text: shumacking

title: shumacking


text: shumacked

title: shumacked


text:
ve’lha nôjesh

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be five

Numeral

 * 1) five

title: ve’lha nôjesh


text: Category:Nivaclé compound terms

title: Category:Nivaclé compound terms


text: Category:Nivaclé terms by etymology

title: Category:Nivaclé terms by etymology


text: βάλουνε

title: βάλουνε


text:
古撒克遜語

Noun

 * 1) Old Saxon

title: 古撒克遜語


text: 古撒克逊语

title: 古撒克逊语


text:
ve’lha yama

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be six

Numeral

 * 1) six

title: ve’lha yama


text:
napu’ yama

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be seven

Numeral

 * 1) seven

title: napu’ yama


text:
pu’ja’na yama

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be eight

Numeral

 * 1) eight

title: pu’ja’na yama


text:
yichatjulh yama

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be nine

Numeral

 * 1) nine

title: yichatjulh yama


text:
菇蔫

Noun

 * 1) bladder cherry (, syn. )

title: 菇蔫


text:
콤포트

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) compote
 * 2)  fruit juice

title: 콤포트


text: ἔβαλεν

title: ἔβαλεν


text:
napu’ nôjeshch’e

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be ten

Numeral

 * 1) ten

title: napu’ nôjeshch’e


text:
아락

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  vodka
 * 2)  alcohol

title: 아락


text:
catastematico

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  katastematic

title: catastematico


text:
tửu

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  alcohol

title: tửu


text: catastematica

title: catastematica


text: catastematiche

title: catastematiche


text: catastematici

title: catastematici


text: dáileáin

title: dáileáin


text: ndáileán

title: ndáileán


text:
yinzhangz

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bank

title: yinzhangz


text: dháileáin

title: dháileáin


text:
Տերտերյան

Etymology
From the given name and its appellative.

Proper noun

 * , Terteryan, Terterian, Derderyan, Derderian

title: Տերտերյան


text: βάλλεται

title: βάλλεται


text: vettétek

title: vettétek


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Had-


text: vettetek

title: vettetek


text: vettük

title: vettük


text: vettünk

title: vettünk


text: vettél

title: vettél


text: veszem

title: veszem


text: Citations:not grow on trees

title: Citations:not grow on trees


text: vesszük

title: vesszük


text:
Էլեն

Etymology
A modern name, from. .

Proper noun

 * , Elen

title: Էլեն


text: veszitek

title: veszitek


text: βλήθηκα

title: βλήθηκα


text:
Կլարա

Etymology
A modern name, ultimately from, via a European language: compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * , Klara

title: Կլարա


text:
repristinieren

Verb

 * 1) to repristinate

title: repristinieren


text: ἐβλήθην

title: ἐβλήθην


text: vegyed

title: vegyed


text:
vegyenek

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyenek


text:
εβλήθην

Verb

 * 1) Monotonic spelling of ,

title: εβλήθην


text:
Սալախյան

Etymology
From and.

Proper noun

 * , Salakhyan, Salakhian

title: Սալախյան


text:
veszedelmesen

Adverb

 * 1) dangerously

title: veszedelmesen


text:
bűnrészes

Noun

 * 1) accomplice an associate in the commission of a crime

title: bűnrészes


text:
nivacle

Noun

 * 1) person
 * 2) man
 * 3) member of the Nivacle people
 * 1) member of the Nivacle people

title: nivacle


text:
fordrincan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to make drunk, inebriate

title: fordrincan


text: Category:Nivaclé nouns

title: Category:Nivaclé nouns


text:
nivacche

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) woman

title: nivacche


text: Category:Nivaclé terms suffixed with -che


text: Category:Nivaclé terms by suffix

title: Category:Nivaclé terms by suffix


text: Category:Nivaclé suffixes

title: Category:Nivaclé suffixes


text:
bűntárs

Noun

 * 1) accomplice an associate in the commission of a crime

title: bűntárs


text: Category:Nivaclé morphemes

title: Category:Nivaclé morphemes


text:
tettestárs

Noun

 * 1) accomplice an associate in the commission of a crime

title: tettestárs


text: vennék

title: vennék


text:
Սալահյան

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , Salahyan, Salahian

title: Սալահյան


text: vennél

title: vennél


text: vennénk

title: vennénk


text: vennétek

title: vennétek


text: venném

title: venném


text: vennéd

title: vennéd


text:
Սալահ

Etymology
From.

title: Սալահ


text:
Talk:囝兒

Philippine Hokkien
I thought it would be káⁿ-lî in Philippine Hokkien. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:04, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I was asking my dad awhile ago and he kept saying it was kiáⁿ-lî, then I said was it ever káⁿ-lî? Then, he kept on saying it was kiáⁿ-lî. My dad's originally from 南安, though I think 囝 being pronounced as káⁿ is something my mom would do more, but her side is from 晉江.--Mlgc1998 (talk) 19:13, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I think we usually go with whatever's more common in the Philippines, which seems to be closer to Jinjiang. Also, it should be the speech of at least 2nd gen cuz people could be retaining their accent from before immigration. Defining "Philippine Hokkien" is a little trickier than I thought. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:25, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * The second gen/third gen thing is kinda blurry for my family, since technically my parents are first gen since they were born in Hong kong from parents that originally came from 晉江 and 南安, but then they moved to Manila in either their elementary or early high school years by connections from other relatives who were already in the Philippines long ago, so I also still have one branch of cousins in Hong kong, and another branch of cousins who are from Northern Samar province, which if you see them, they're a bit more culturally filipino-sided and might not look as chinese. Me and my siblings were raised in-line with how other 3rd-gen fil-chi kids were raised, that is mostly speaking english and filipino, while comprehending the hokkien we hear, while some of us do the occassional hokaglish, especially my elder siblings. I think I would describe myself as more culturally third-gen, while my parents and grandparents as probably culturally first-gen, while my younger uncle/aunt that were born here and elder sister is probably culturally 2nd-gen, since they can comfortably do hokkien conversations when they want to. It's weird sometimes too, when I asked my fil-chi friend from Cebu (3rd-gen with grandfather from 晉江) awhile ago what he thought of 山候, he said his mother defined the word to mean something like coward. There are words too that are pronounced differently with my cousin's families. My dad usually pronounces everything that's usually with "li-" into "di-", except for 日本 which he pronounces as "Li̍t-pún", but when I told this to my cousin, he said his dad pronounced it as "Di̍p-pún".--Mlgc1998 (talk) 19:53, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't want to dismiss your contributions or the realities in your family, but I'm not sure how we can document Philippine Hokkien more systematically here in Wiktionary. Perhaps we can allow this variability, like for Singaporean Hokkien, but I'd like to get more input from Mar vin kaiser, who seems to be more proficient in Hokkien than you. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:58, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I know, I'm just telling the realities of where I'm coming from and that it's really going to be varied between which terms people usually use here, since it is a sparse non-standard dialect, that's usually only spoken by the first or second gen people. Most people in my generation usually aren't interested in this dialect, so they'd rather forget about it since it's usually seen as old and uncool. I don't know what Mar vin kaiser's background is but I trust he can probably give more certain stuff since he seems like its probably really his thing. I'm not sure if he's the same guy I saw in facebook before that's supposedly writing some sort of research paper on this, but I'm thinking maybe he was that guy. I'm mostly here as a hobby since currently for the past weeks or months I have a lot of time and interest I can give this, especially with being deep in the fil-chi community that I've encountered so far, since I'm from a fil-chi school, church, and have encountered fil-chi classmates and friends from different provinces. It's a big country and I wager it's going to be like this for someone from Indonesia and Myanmar as well, since I know they too have an undocumented hokkien that's hidden there somewhere besides the random online commenter who might talk about it. --Mlgc1998 (talk) 20:26, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:囝兒


text:
vennem

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vennem


text:
venned

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: venned


text:
vennie

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vennie


text:
Սոլախյան

Proper noun

 * , Solakhyan, Solakhian

title: Սոլախյան


text:
vennünk

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vennünk


text:
vennetek

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: vennetek


text:
venniük

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: venniük


text:
Talk:武洛干

Is this name still used locally? —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 19:12, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * lol I think the hokkien POJ pronunciation (bú-lah-kan/bú-lo̍h-kan) of it could still match how an elderly fil-chi person would pronounce it. Filipino or english place names here are usually just pronounced by hokkien speakers as how they'd go about pronouncing it when they talk in filipino or english. I'm not sure if those are the official characters, but when people do for some reason decide to post those characters up for some chinese event, then they'd probably use those characters to approximate the pronunciation. For certain schools or usually chinese schools at least, the characters are officially set since they post those up in official logos. For cities and places, I think only if the place has had a historically established chinese community or neighborhood before, otherwise hokkien speakers just improvise or codeswitch or just speak in another language.--Mlgc1998 (talk) 19:27, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * That makes sense. I find it curious that the two Google Web results are from 1924 and 2009. :p —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 19:44, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:武洛干


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hap-


text: béithe

title: béithe


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hay-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hram-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *HrawdH-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hrawdʰ-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hwas-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hyaȷ́-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *bʰar-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *bʰarȷ́ʰ-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *bʰawdʰ-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *daH-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *dʰawgʰ-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *nam-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *nayH-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *nazd-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *swaHd-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *tarH-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *ȷ́naH-


text:
սոլախ

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  left-handed

title: սոլախ


text:
ماروژنى

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ice cream

title: ماروژنى


text:
சிசு

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) foetus
 * 2) child

title: சிசு


text:
vegyek

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyek


text: -lmä

title: -lmä


text:
-lma

Usage notes
Chiefly with an  for etymological reasons.

title: -lma


text:
vegyünk

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyünk


text:
مۇز

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) ice

title: مۇز


text:
vegyetek

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyetek


text:
vegyétek

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyétek


text:
vegyük

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyük


text:
vegyék

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyék


text: αναβάλω

title: αναβάλω


text:
cotton mill

Noun

 * 1) A building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from raw cotton.

Translations

 * Czech: přádelna
 * Esperanto: kotonfabriko
 * Icelandic: baðmullarverksmiðja
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: moinho de algodão
 * Spanish: molino de algodón

title: cotton mill


text:
Talk:calamus

RFV discussion: October–November 2019
Rfv-sense "quill". Tagged by User:Hekaheka in June 2018, but not listed. — surjection ⟨?⟩ 17:36, 29 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Widespread use (See WT:CFI.) in ornithology. DCDuring (talk) 19:29, 29 October 2019 (UTC)

cited Kiwima (talk) 00:47, 30 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok. I'll remove the tag. When I added the tag, the entry did not specify which sense of "quill" was meant. Now fixed by someone, thanks. Hekaheka (my phone does not allow me to sign properly)
 * "Widespread use" is usually invoked in cases where a term was in general use, but possibly just "regionally", eg, North America. I don't see why it couldn't be invoked for widespread use in a special field, but I don't think a precedent to that effect has been established. In any event, it wasn't hard to find three cites. DCDuring (talk) 00:28, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:calamus


text:
Talk:臭魚

Adjective or noun?
Is this an adjective or noun? The glosses are adjectives, but it's labelled as a noun. Same with the recent related entries. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:30, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Oops, got your username wrong. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:41, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... I'm not sure exactly, maybe both cuz my dad would usually say 你是臭魚嗎? or 你野臭魚 when someone's not listening to him. I asked him awhile ago and he said that it was means that (on the extreme end) you're deaf or (on the lower end) also could just be that you're being rudely abrupt/brusque or suplado. I also asked my cebuano fil-chi friend awhile ago what he thought of that word, and he said his mother also thinks that it means either suplado or worse case, deaf.--Mlgc1998 (talk) 20:04, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I have a feeling it should be 臭耳 if it's "deaf". — justin(r)leung { (t...) 20:06, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hmm... I don't get the logic why it's a smelly ear but I guess that might be it too.--Mlgc1998 (talk) 20:34, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't think any Filipino-Chinese would say this word with the rising-tone second syllable. I think it's just 臭耳, where the second syllable is a low flat tone. --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 23:54, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * yeah, already had it requested for deletion.--Mlgc1998 (talk) 00:01, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

RFD discussion: November 2019
mistook for already existing 臭耳--Mlgc1998 (talk) 20:47, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedied. If you place a request here, please also remember to tag the entry with . Next time you create something in error, you could also use on the entry. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 04:14, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:臭魚


text: shumack

title: shumack


text: shumacks

title: shumacks


text:
Talk:dele

mark material for deletion (vs to delete)
to mark a passage of printed material for deletion Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 19:33, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:dele


text: cotton mills

title: cotton mills


text:
دۇكان

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shop, store

title: دۇكان


text:
Talk:120 reset

120
How is 120 pronounced here? --Backinstadiums (talk) 19:35, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

 * As one twenty. Equinox ◑ 01:08, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

RFV discussion: January–February 2020
When doing a websearch, we're up top, along with other free dictionaries. Doing a book search, there's a lot of things where 119 and 121 appear before and after, or 110 and 130 appear before and after, or the book is named reset and has at least 120 pages. In what I looked through, I didn't see any hits. (I recognize the limitations of the qualifier.)--Prosfilaes (talk) 10:15, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 17:56, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:120 reset


text: User:Benwing2/wanted-topical-categories-2019-nov-7


text:
хехенце

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a minor joke or wordplay

title: хехенце


text:
مىلتىق

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) rifle

title: مىلتىق


text: tettestársak

title: tettestársak


text:
veszte

Etymology
. From.

Noun

 * 1) someone's fall, downfall, demise, loss, ruin, defeat, undoing, destruction

title: veszte


text: mhnathan

title: mhnathan


text:
vesztem

Etymology 3
The stem of  or.

title: vesztem


text:
دىنىي

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) religious

title: دىنىي


text: αντιπαραβάλω

title: αντιπαραβάλω


text:
دىنسىزلىق

Noun

 * 1) atheism

title: دىنسىزلىق


text:
fukuza

Verb

 * 1) to dismiss
 * 2) to expel, to chase away
 * 3) to hound

title: fukuza


text:
سايلام

Noun

 * 1) election

title: سايلام


text: vennének

title: vennének


text: kufukuza

title: kufukuza


text:
桶盤

Noun

 * 1)  a pan which has raised edges high enough such that it looks like a like a tub

title: 桶盤


text:
پەرق

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) difference, distinction

title: پەرق


text:
vegyem

Etymology
From a stem variant of.

title: vegyem


text:
fukuzwa

Verb

 * : to be expelled

title: fukuzwa


text: kufukuzwa

title: kufukuzwa


text: 桶盘

title: 桶盘


text: veszted

title: veszted


text:
vesztél

Etymology
The stem of  or.

title: vesztél


text:
مۇتەخەسسىس

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) expert, specialist

title: مۇتەخەسسىس


text:
vesztünk

Etymology 3
The stem of  or.

title: vesztünk


text:
مۇراجىئەت

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) resort, recourse, appeal

title: مۇراجىئەت


text:
vesztetek

Etymology 3
The stem of  or.

title: vesztetek


text: itwal

title: itwal


text: vesztük

title: vesztük


text:
ياتاقخانا

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bedroom

title: ياتاقخانا


text:
vesznék

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznék


text:
تەرەتخانا

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) toilet, washroom, bathroom

title: تەرەتخانا


text:
vesznél

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznél


text:
Talk:ayuh

Lived here for 18 yrs and not embarrassed to still be puzzled at the pronunciation given here. Is it really stressed on the first syllable? Perhaps the final stress version is what people who move in from out of state have adopted since it sort of bridges the gap with yup ? Soap (talk) 20:19, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

Less likely is a connection with hey up, which Ive only just now heard of. — Soap — 23:08, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:ayuh


text:
ئىشىك

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) door

title: ئىشىك


text:
veszne

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: veszne


text:
vesznénk

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznénk


text:
vesznétek

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznétek


text:
vesznének

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznének


text:
قەۋەت

Noun

 * 1) layer, floor

title: قەۋەت


text:
Bé

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  a Muse

Etymology
From earlier, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  bee

title: Bé


text:
nyongeza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) addition
 * 2) supplement

title: nyongeza


text: Category:kk:Composites

title: Category:kk:Composites


text:
veszni

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: veszni


text:
شەربەت

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) juice, fruit juice

title: شەربەت


text:
vesznem

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznem


text: Gocłowski

title: Gocłowski


text:
veszned

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: veszned


text: Gwizdalski

title: Gwizdalski


text:
vesznünk

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznünk


text:
vesznetek

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznetek


text:
veszniük

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: veszniük


text:
vesznie

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesznie


text:
vesszek

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszek


text: dowiodę

title: dowiodę


text: dowiedzie

title: dowiedzie


text: dowiodą

title: dowiodą


text: Category:kk:Amaranths and goosefoots

title: Category:kk:Amaranths and goosefoots


text:
vesszél

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszél


text: dowiedziemy

title: dowiedziemy


text:
vessz

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vessz


text: dowiedz

title: dowiedz


text:
vesszen

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszen


text:
vesszünk

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszünk


text: dowiedź

title: dowiedź


text:
vesszetek

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszetek


text:
vesszenek

Etymology
The stem of  or the  stem of  (no difference in meaning).

title: vesszenek


text: Category:kk:Celery family plants

title: Category:kk:Celery family plants


text:
veszve

Etymology
The stem of  or.

title: veszve


text: Category:kk:Amaryllis family plants

title: Category:kk:Amaryllis family plants


text: Category:kk:Dogbane family plants

title: Category:kk:Dogbane family plants


text:
víve

Etymology
From the stem of.

title: víve


text: Newhey

title: Newhey


text: Template:mh-ipa-rows/display-phonetic

title: Template:mh-ipa-rows/display-phonetic


text: sumaches

title: sumaches


text: Failsworth

title: Failsworth


text: sumached

title: sumached


text: פירסם

title: פירסם


text:
sumaching

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : the process of applying a preparation of sumac to an object.

title: sumaching


text:
отымённый

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  denominal

title: отымённый


text:
comité de lecture

Noun

 * 1) selection panel, review panel, selection committee

title: comité de lecture


text:
ספרותי

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) literary

title: ספרותי


text:
pneu hiver

Noun

 * 1) winter tire

title: pneu hiver


text:
réseau sans fil

Noun

 * 1) wireless network

title: réseau sans fil


text: Category:kk:Mallow family plants

title: Category:kk:Mallow family plants


text: Category:kk:Malvales order plants

title: Category:kk:Malvales order plants


text: Category:Yakkha cardinal numbers

title: Category:Yakkha cardinal numbers


text: Category:Yakkha numbers

title: Category:Yakkha numbers


text: Category:Yakkha terms by semantic function


text:
lower orders

Noun

 * 1)  the lower classes in society

title: lower orders


text:
bas peuple

Noun

 * 1)  the little people, the populace, the plebs, the great unwashed, the unwashed masses, the lower orders, the masses, hoi polloi the lower class

Usage notes
Always used with the definite article.

title: bas peuple


text:
d'époque

Adjective

 * 1) period, antique; authentic

title: d'époque


text:
anticolonist

Etymology
en

title: anticolonist


text: Hollinwood

title: Hollinwood


text:
y passer

Verb

 * 1)  to kick the bucket

title: y passer


text:
hairing

Noun

 * 1) A distinctive pattern of hair growth.

title: hairing


text: hairings

title: hairings


text:
سەۋر

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) patience

title: سەۋر


text: gwizdał

title: gwizdał


text: gwizdali

title: gwizdali


text: gwiżdżę

title: gwiżdżę


text: gwiżdżą

title: gwiżdżą


text:
دەرد

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pain

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pain

title: دەرد


text:
παραβάλλομαι

Verb

 * 1) to be compared, collated

title: παραβάλλομαι


text: gwiżdż

title: gwiżdż


text: παραβάλλομε

title: παραβάλλομε


text:
Moston

Proper noun

 * , containing the village of.

title: Moston


text:
تولماق

Verb

 * 1) to be full of

title: تولماق


text: παραβάλλουμε

title: παραβάλλουμε


text:
سولماق

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to fade, to wilt
 * 2) to wither

title: سولماق


text:
panier à salade

Noun

 * 1) salad shaker; salad spinner
 * 2)  paddy wagon, Black Maria police van
 * 1)  paddy wagon, Black Maria police van

title: panier à salade


text:
παραβάλουμε

Verb

 * 1)  "to add too much, we will add too much"
 * 2)  "to compare, we will compare"

title: παραβάλουμε


text: παραβάλομε

title: παραβάλομε


text:
gens de peu

Noun

 * 1)  the little people, the lower orders the lower class

title: gens de peu


text: παραβάλω

title: παραβάλω


text:
gwizd

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) whistle
 * 2) a similar sound made by some bird species
 * 3)  the snout of a wild boar

title: gwizd


text: Category:Finnish terms coined by Erik Blom


text: taken the l

title: taken the l


text:
باشقا

Adjective

 * 1) other

title: باشقا


text:
مەسىلە

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) question, issue, problem

title: مەسىلە


text:
dehairer

Noun

 * 1) Something or someone that removes hair.

title: dehairer


text: dehairers

title: dehairers


text: take L's

title: take L's


text: o-nawa

title: o-nawa


text: παραβλήθηκα

title: παραβλήθηκα


text: onawa

title: onawa


text:
beadja a derekát

Verb

 * 1)  to give in, to cave in, to knuckle under to relent or yield under pressure to somebody else's will

Conjugation

 * For the verb, see the definite conjugation of.
 * The inflected noun takes the appropriate possessive suffix according to the subject of the sentence plus the accusative suffix: /, /,, , ,.

title: beadja a derekát


text:
unpardonable sin

Noun

 * 1) Eternal sin.

title: unpardonable sin


text: unpardonable sins

title: unpardonable sins


text:
breader

Noun

 * 1) Someone or something that coats food items with breadcrumbs.

Related terms

 * daily breader

title: breader


text: breaders

title: breaders


text: dereka

title: dereka


text: derekát

title: derekát


text: παραβάλτε

title: παραβάλτε


text: παραέβαλα

title: παραέβαλα


text: Category:Ladino terms derived from Old Italian


text:
παρέβαλλα

Verb

 * Older form:
 * Older form:

title: παρέβαλλα


text: παρέβαλλον

title: παρέβαλλον


text:
żonusia

Etymology
From.

title: żonusia


text: najegzotyczniejszego

title: najegzotyczniejszego


text:
żoneczka

Etymology
From.

title: żoneczka


text:
żonka

Etymology
..

title: żonka


text:
żoncia

Etymology
From.

title: żoncia


text: najekologiczniejszego

title: najekologiczniejszego


text: najfajniejszego

title: najfajniejszego


text: najgęstszego

title: najgęstszego


text:
żonisko

Etymology
From.

title: żonisko


text: najgłębszego

title: najgłębszego


text: najgłodniejszego

title: najgłodniejszego


text: najgłośniejszego

title: najgłośniejszego


text: najgłupszego

title: najgłupszego


text: najgorętszego

title: najgorętszego


text: najgorliwszego

title: najgorliwszego


text: Derker

title: Derker


text: παραβάλλεται

title: παραβάλλεται


text: najgorszego

title: najgorszego


text:
布拉干

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: 布拉干


text: najgrubszego

title: najgrubszego


text:
武拉干

Etymology
From, via 🇨🇬.

title: 武拉干


text:
武六干

Etymology
From, via 🇨🇬.

title: 武六干


text: najgrzeczniejszego

title: najgrzeczniejszego


text: najhojniejszego

title: najhojniejszego


text:
żonkoś

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  husband, especially a newlywed, who is very enamoured of his wife or completely submissive

title: żonkoś


text:
lanġasiet

Noun

 * : 2 to 10 pears; a small number of individual pears

title: lanġasiet


text:
mꜥr

Verb

 * 1)  to be(come) fortunate, to flourish or prosper
 * 2)  to be(come) successful, to succeed
 * 3)  to be(come) excellent or flawless

title: mꜥr


text:
Uchitel

Etymology
From or.

title: Uchitel


text: Category:Requests for translations into Tabasaran


text: προκαταβάλλομε

title: προκαταβάλλομε


text: προκαταβάλλουμε

title: προκαταβάλλουμε


text:
nḫꜣḫꜣ

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) flail, as part of the royal insignia

title: nḫꜣḫꜣ


text: προκαταβάλουμε

title: προκαταβάλουμε


text: studená

title: studená


text: stejná

title: stejná


text: studené

title: studené


text: προκαταβάλομε

title: προκαταβάλομε


text: stejné

title: stejné


text: studení

title: studení


text: stejní

title: stejní


text: teplí

title: teplí


text: teplá

title: teplá


text: teplé

title: teplé


text: teplú

title: teplú


text: inú

title: inú


text:
προκατέβαλλα

Verb

 * 1)  "I was prepaying"
 * Older form:

title: προκατέβαλλα


text: iní

title: iní


text: inému

title: inému


text: inej

title: inej


text: inou

title: inou


text: iných

title: iných


text: iným

title: iným


text: iného

title: iného


text: éred

title: éred


text:
колониалдыг

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  colonial

title: колониалдыг


text: horká

title: horká


text: hořká

title: hořká


text:
nḫn

Verb

 * 1)  to be(come) a child

Noun

 * 1) shrine

Proper noun

 * 1) Hieraconpolis

title: nḫn


text: moudrá

title: moudrá


text: moudré

title: moudré


text: múdra

title: múdra


text: uille

title: uille


text:
Āne-jaōeōe

Etymology
An atoll islet where there is said to live a demon that makes the noise "".

Proper noun

 * 1) Anejaoeoe islet, Maloelap atoll

title: Āne-jaōeōe


text:
értél

Etymology 2
The stem of

title: értél


text: értétek

title: értétek


text:
baby dedication

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Dedication of infant children to Christian upbringing and future Christian service.
 * 2)  The ceremony of dedicating infant children to Christian upbringing and future Christian service, usually performed before God and the church.

title: baby dedication


text: baby dedications

title: baby dedications


text:
glupa

Etymology
From. Likely from 🇨🇬. Compare,.

Verb

 * 1)  voracious, ravenous
 * 2)  to swallow in mouthfuls (without chewing), to devour
 * 3) to gape as if for prey
 * 1)  to swallow in mouthfuls (without chewing), to devour
 * 2) to gape as if for prey
 * 1) to gape as if for prey

Usage notes
Rare other than in the present participle.

title: glupa


text: glupo

title: glupo


text: glupi

title: glupi


text: glupu

title: glupu


text: glupe

title: glupe


text: glupim

title: glupim


text: glupom

title: glupom


text: mudre

title: mudre


text: mudru

title: mudru


text: mudrej

title: mudrej


text: mudrem

title: mudrem


text: mudrym

title: mudrym


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Indonesian

Guidelines for lemma
Thanks for creating this guideline on how to create entries for Indonesian. I've added more information to it recently.
 * 1) Would you mind checking About Indonesian to see if there are any issues/concerns?
 * 2) I've removed the section on Jawi script as an alternative form because the Jawi script is generally used for Malay, and not Indonesian.
 * 3) I have some concerns over the consideration of affixed forms, e.g.  as a non-lemma. I think that affixed words (kata berimbuhan) are valid lemmas as well. For comparison, the following forms in English (which have irregular patterns of word formation, i.e. not all adjectives can have such forms) are considered as English lemmas:
 * On the other hand, the following words (which have regular patterns of word formation, i.e. almost every verb/adjective can have such forms) are considered as non-lemmas:
 * Likewise, for Indonesian, I think that these words which have regular patterns of word formation can be considered as non-lemmas:
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, the following words (which have regular patterns of word formation, i.e. almost every verb/adjective can have such forms) are considered as non-lemmas:
 * Likewise, for Indonesian, I think that these words which have regular patterns of word formation can be considered as non-lemmas:
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, the following words (which have regular patterns of word formation, i.e. almost every verb/adjective can have such forms) are considered as non-lemmas:
 * Likewise, for Indonesian, I think that these words which have regular patterns of word formation can be considered as non-lemmas:
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Likewise, for Indonesian, I think that these words which have regular patterns of word formation can be considered as non-lemmas:
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Likewise, for Indonesian, I think that these words which have regular patterns of word formation can be considered as non-lemmas:
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, affixed forms of words (kata berimbuhan) such as and  which do not have predictable pattern of word formation (the affixed word can sometimes have new meanings) should be considered as lemmas. What do you think? KevinUp (talk) 01:18, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for adding more information to it, while I had some issue with my schedule. I will answer based on my personal consideration, as far as I remember, when I wrote it.
 * While the criterion of About Indonesian is straight forward ("[...] are not considered lemmas in Indonesian unless they are attested in spoken or written forms of Indonesian"), it has problem with the condition of Indonesian speaker as most of Indonesian speakers (if not all of them, as Malay is considered different with Indonesian) are, in fact, L2 speakers. This condition create code-switching or language alternation situation, diglossia and heteroglossia. Thus, it is not an easy task to define the limit between Indonesian and those regional languages (including Malay).
 * This section was written based on principle "While Indonesian is written in Latin script officially, it is possible to write it in other scripts (transliteration)". Although it is uncommon, the real-life example is Balinese script-ed Indonesian on government building front-plate.
 * This section was written based on general rule about lemma which is "In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of words (headword)" and inspirational Japanese consideration "Wiktionary may be used by students who are not proficient". In those terms, in order to avoid non-proficient users misunderstanding, the lemma definition shall be created on base of real-time Indonesian dictionary behave and thought. Thus, the lemma entry in Indonesian is the kata dasar (“lexical stem”) in Latin script using the latest spelling (2015 Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia). Everything else, including the affixed terms, are non-lemma. This rule can be confirmed in the dictionary as »  and  » . In relation with previous point, most affixed terms are regular and can be predicted with  which based on . However, there are some irregular affixed terms with same affix but different affixed terms, such as  and  through . As I don't understand the code of those template, I will not edit those template as it is used in Malay. Perhaps, it can be modified to include three class of derived terms, ie the regular affixed terms (which have derivation rule and can be predicted), irregular affixed terms (which same as regular affixed terms, but the affixed term must be entered) and compound terms. On the current situation, I don't recommend the usage of.
 * Thanks. Xbypass (talk) 15:52, 11 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for replying.
 * I've reworded About Indonesian so that priority is given for the creation of entries in these regional languages. Yes, I'm aware of the situation of diglossia or heteroglossia in the daily life of Indonesian speakers. For Wiktionary, the criteria used is if the word can be found in three independent examples of permanently recorded media (e.g. newspapers, video, audio) of works in Indonesian, then the word can be considered a borrowing. For example, if there exists an audio recording that can be understood by Indonesian speakers from other regions, but has one or two words that cannot be understood, then these words can be considered as borrowings, as long as two other independent usages of these words in different sources can also be found.
 * This is interesting. Theoretically, this is possible for any language, e.g. using Hangeul to transliterate Indonesian words in a "Learn Indonesian for Koreans" book or video, so it is not ideal to include such usages on Wiktionary.
 * If the canonical form or dictionary form is taken as a lemma, then words listed in KBBI such as, would be considered as lemmas while words that exist in Indonesian but are not listed such as , , ,  would be considered as non-lemmas.
 * Note that the current English definition for on Wiktionary is:
 * "The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc."
 * However, I think the headword criterion is not suitable to decide what qualifies as an Indonesian lemma because:
 * Indonesian dictionaries have a different method of arranging words compared to English, i.e. lexical stem first, followed by an exhaustive list of affixed forms whereas English words are arranged A to Z regardless of whether it is an affixed word or not.
 * Unlike European languages, an Indonesian verb does not have a bare infinitive ("to be") form which also happens to be an unaffixed stem. Simple verbs such as can be formed out of nouns such as.
 * In Indonesian, not all affixes can be applied to the same lexical stem. Affixed words such as kemakanan simply do not exist and would appear ungrammatical when encountered. In contrast, other languages such as Japanese or Korean have a fixed set of affixes that can be applied to any lexical stem.
 * Affixed terms often have figurative senses that need to be learned individually. For example, compare:
 * a.
 * b.
 * Regarding »  and  », the arrows used in the online version of KBBI is used to create a hyperlink that links towards the lexical stem. It does not indicate that the affixed word is a non-lemma. On the other hand, words with nonstandard spelling such as   and   use a different type of arrow to redirect to its standard forms and have no definitions. Such entries are the non-lemmas in KBBI as they contain no definitions.
 * 4. Regarding, I would like to point out that it is the affix (morphemes such as , ) that has regular meaning, and not the affixed terms which may contain figurative senses. Yes, the code is not able to handle irregular affixed terms, which is why I would include these irregular spellings after the numbered forms. The template is not easy to use but you can list out the regular spellings and I will attempt to convert them to the numbered forms when I see them. KevinUp (talk) 02:14, 12 November 2019 (UTC)
 * My explanation above is rather lengthy, but my main point is that all words listed in KBBI are legit lemmas, whereas those not included in KBBI such as the following:
 * affixed terms containing, , , ,
 * passive forms containing
 * nonstandard forms, regional spellings, etc.
 * are to be considered as non-lemmas. I hope you will consider my proposal regarding non-lemmas and consider affixed terms such as, as lemmas, otherwise a lot of cleanup has to be done. KevinUp (talk) 02:14, 12 November 2019 (UTC)
 * affixed terms containing, , , ,
 * passive forms containing
 * nonstandard forms, regional spellings, etc.
 * are to be considered as non-lemmas. I hope you will consider my proposal regarding non-lemmas and consider affixed terms such as, as lemmas, otherwise a lot of cleanup has to be done. KevinUp (talk) 02:14, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

RFD discussion: April 2019–February 2020
No useful content. The one example given does not correspond with reality. SemperBlotto (talk) 06:31, 6 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. There is a bit of useful content, and the one example can easily be fixed, as I am about to do. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 03:19, 27 May 2019 (UTC)

 * RFDO-kept. Heavily improved in the mean time, it seems. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:41, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:About Indonesian


text: mudremu

title: mudremu


text: mudrych

title: mudrych


text: mudrymi

title: mudrymi


text: mudri

title: mudri


text: mudrom

title: mudrom


text:
hand-tied

Adjective

 * 1)  Of a bouquet: formed by bringing the stems together in one's hand and then tying them.

Noun

 * 1)  A bouquet prepared in this manner.

title: hand-tied


text: hand-tieds

title: hand-tieds


text:
unstamp

Verb

 * 1)  To undo the act of stamping something; to remove a stamp from.
 * 2) * 1843, James Garbett (Archdeacon of Chichester), Parochial Sermons (volume 1, page 267)
 * At present let man sin as he may, and strive as he will, to unstamp his soul of the seal of God upon it, and the superscription of original virtue, he cannot do it.

title: unstamp


text: unstamps

title: unstamps


text: unstamping

title: unstamping


text: múdre

title: múdre


text:
ありふれる

Verb

 * 1) to be commonplace

Usage notes

 * Found especially as the forms and.

title: ありふれる


text:
dollified

Adjective

 * 1)  Made into a doll, or like a doll.

title: dollified


text: múdru

title: múdru


text: múdri

title: múdri


text: moudří

title: moudří


text: studena

title: studena


text:
decocker

Noun

 * 1)  A device in certain firearms that uncocks the weapon.

title: decocker


text: decockers

title: decockers


text: rujne

title: rujne


text: rujnu

title: rujnu


text: rujni

title: rujni


text:
Talk:LGBTQ

LGBTQQIP2SAA
Also apparently in unironic use: "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, pansexual, two-spirit, asexual, and allies". Equinox ◑ 01:40, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:LGBTQ


text: rujno

title: rujno


text:
User:Erutuon/scripts/Marshallese.js

$( => {	// C: non-glide consonant	// G: glide	// V: vowel	// #: word boundary	// None of these occur in any of the rows.	const specialNotation = {		'C': '[pmtnrlkŋ][ʲˠʷ]?',		'G': '[jɰw]',		'V': '[æɛei]',		'#': '(?:^|\s|$)',	};	const hasSpecialNotation = str => {		return new RegExp('[' + Object.keys(specialNotation).join('') + ']')			.test(str);	};	// Add search box above table of Marshallese transcriptions	// in Module:mh-pronunc.	// The box will accept the symbols C, G, V, #,	// which match a non-glide consonant, glide, vowel, and word boundary.	// If any of the symbols are included,	// the box searches the phonemic IPA transcription.	$('.mh-transcription-list').get.forEach(t => { const getRows = t => { return $(t).find('tr').filter((_, e) => {				return $(e).find('th').length === 0;			}); };		const name1 = 'mh-transcription-list-search'; const $searchLabel = $(' ') .attr('for', name1) .text('Filter table rows:'); const $searchBox = $(' ') .attr({ 'type': 'search', 'id': name1 }) .on('input', function {				const $rows = getRows(t);				const input = $(this).val;				let filterer;				if (hasSpecialNotation(input)) {					const regex = new RegExp( input.replace(/./g, char => specialNotation[char]							? specialNotation[char] + "\\.?"							: char), 'g'					);					filterer = ($row, templateInput, phonemic) => {						return phonemic && regex.test(phonemic);					};				} else {					const lowercaseInput = input.toLowerCase;					filterer = ($row, templateInput) => {						return $row.text.toLowerCase.includes(input)						|| templateInput && templateInput.toLowerCase.includes(input);					};				}				$rows.each((_, row) => { const $row = $(row); $row.css(						'display',						filterer($row, $row.data('templateInput'), $row.data('phonemic')) ? '' : 'none'); });			});		const name2 = 'show-only-differences'; const $checkBoxLabel = $(' ') .attr('for', name2) .text('Show only rows with a difference'); const $checkBox = $(' ') .attr({ 'type': 'checkbox', 'id': name2 }) .on('change', function {				const $rows = getRows(t);				$rows.each((_, row) => { const $row = $(row); $row.css(						'display',						!this.checked || Boolean($row.data('hasDifference')) ? '' : 'none'); });			});		$(t).before($(' ').append($searchLabel, $searchBox), $(' ').append($checkBoxLabel, $checkBox)); });	const forEachTextNode = (func) => {		const key = Symbol;		const apply = node => {			if (!(node instanceof Node)) {				throw new TypeError("Expected Node");			}			for (const child of node.childNodes) {				if (child[key])					continue;				switch (child.nodeType) {					case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: apply(child); break;					case Node.TEXT_NODE: func(child);				}				child[key] = true;			}		};		return apply;	};	const addZwnjBeforeCedilla = forEachTextNode(textNode => { textNode.nodeValue = textNode.nodeValue .normalize('NFD') .replace(/\u200C*\u0327/g, '\u200C\u0327') .normalize('NFC'); });	$(":lang(mh)").get.forEach(addZwnjBeforeCedilla); });

title: User:Erutuon/scripts/Marshallese.js


text:
毛料

Noun

 * 1) woollen cloth; woollen items

title: 毛料


text: horké

title: horké


text: hořké

title: hořké


text: jiàngshuài

title: jiàngshuài


text: hôrke

title: hôrke


text: hôrky

title: hôrky


text:
邊將

Noun

 * 1)  high-ranking military officer in charge of defending the frontiers

title: 邊將


text: 边将

title: 边将


text: biānjiàng

title: biānjiàng


text: hôrku

title: hôrku


text: jǔbīng

title: jǔbīng


text: qǐbīng

title: qǐbīng


text: chūbīng

title: chūbīng


text: horkú

title: horkú


text: xīngbīng

title: xīngbīng


text: fābīng

title: fābīng


text:
атау

Verb

 * 1) to call, to name

Noun

 * 1) naming, calling

title: атау


text: hôrok

title: hôrok


text: hôrkach

title: hôrkach


text: hôrkami

title: hôrkami


text: hôrkam

title: hôrkam


text: hôrkou

title: hôrkou


text:
ілік

Noun

 * 1) family relationship
 * 2) undeserved reproach
 * 3) The genitive case.

title: ілік


text:
wash its face

Verb

 * 1)  To pay for itself; to make enough revenue to cover the costs of its production.

title: wash its face


text:
табыс

Noun

 * 1) income, salary, earnings
 * 2) attainment, success

title: табыс


text:
жатыс

Noun

 * 1) lying, lounging, sprawling
 * 2) The locative case.

title: жатыс


text: hořkou

title: hořkou


text: horkou

title: horkou


text:
투옥

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) imprisonment

title: 투옥


text:
жекеше

Noun

 * 1)  singular number

title: жекеше


text:
көпше

Noun

 * 1)  plural number

title: көпше


text: horkí

title: horkí


text: Cáo Wèi

title: Cáo Wèi


text:
Horki

Etymology
From.

Translations

 * Belarusian: Горкі
 * Latvian: Horki
 * Lithuanian: Horkos
 * Polish: Horki
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: Го́рки

title: Horki


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Iranian

See

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Iranian


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

See


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Semitic

Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed ancestor of all Semitic languages, old as well as modern. It is a descendant of Proto-Afroasiatic.

Consonants
Note that ⟨*š⟩ stands for *, whereas ⟨*s⟩ stands for *, and that ⟨*ḥ⟩ is not an emphatic ⟨*h⟩. Elsewhere, an underdot denotes an emphatic consonant and an underline a fricative consonant.

Vowels
The short vowels are *a, *i, and *u; the long vowels are *ā, *ī, and *ū. A vowel of unknown quality can be given as *V (short) or *V̄ (long).

Entry name
Nominal, adjectival and verbal entries should just be the root followed by a hyphen, e.g..

Reliability
Proto-Semitic entries should always provide inherited reflexes in East and West Semitic. If the Western branch provides attestation but not the Eastern (Akkadian and Eblaite), the entry must be created as Proto-West Semitic.

Templates
Nouns should use in the headword line, and  to show inflection. If the plural stem is known, it must be indicated in both templates using the pl= parameter. Adjectives should show inflection with.

Descendants
When descended in the usual, linear fashion, descendants may be listed in the following order for consistency. The former contains only the most frequent languages; the latter is the full tree.

Most frequent tree

 * East Semitic:
 * West Semitic:
 * Central Semitic:
 * Northwest Semitic:
 * Canaanite:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Canaanite:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:

Full tree

 * East Semitic:
 * West Semitic:
 * Central Semitic:
 * Northwest Semitic:
 * Canaanite:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Northwest Semitic:
 * Canaanite:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Northwest Semitic:
 * Canaanite:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Old South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Ethiopian Semitic:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:
 * Modern South Arabian:

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Semitic


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic

Proto-Japonic is the language of the ancestral Japonic language family, which consists of Japanese, Ryukyuan, Hachijō, and possibly. As Proto-Japonic is a reconstructed language, all entries must be in the Reconstruction mainspace.

Abbreviations

 * PJ - Proto-Japonic
 * PR - Proto-Ryukyuan
 * OJ - Old Japanese
 * EMJ - Early Middle Japanese
 * MDJ - (Modern) Japanese

Phylogeny
The descendants of Proto-Japonic include:

Yonaguni also has some shared innovations with Yaeyama, leading Pellard to believe that Yonaguni should be grouped into Yaeyama (Macro-Yaeyama), while the actual Yaeyama language family is called Nuclear Yaeyama. Thorpe believes Yonaguni should be considered a third branch of Ryukyuan, descending from an early dialect in Okinawa. He also posits Taketomi as an early South Okinawan dialect that was reshaped by neighboring Yaeyaman varieties, and that the Yuwan dialect in Amami Ōshima is derived from a back-migration from Yoron Island.

A reconstruction can be reliable if it's attested abundantly in the Japanese (particularly Old Japanese, and even Eastern Old Japanese) and Ryukyuan branches (e.g. PJ or PJ ).

It's best to put sources for the descendants (e.g. PR ). Either directly use the references manually, or you can use in an entry (has pre-made reference templates).

Reconstructions
See Category:Proto-Japonic lemmas.

Transcription and phonology
The transcription uses modified.

Vowels
Six vowels can be reconstructed for Proto-Japonic:

Diphthongs
Diphthongs that can be reconstructed for Proto-Japonic include *ui, *oi, *əi, *ai, *ia, *iə, ua, and au.

Standalone forms and combining forms
Some Japanese nouns have two stems; an atomic root form, and one in which the final vowel is fronted. The second form appears when the word is used as a standalone noun or as the latter element in a compound. Words showing this alternation include ~  (< PJ ),, , etc. In Japanese linguistics, the form of these nouns ending with the front vowels is called the, and the form with the back or open vowels  is called the.

In Proto-Japonic, this vowel-fronting element is reconstructed by some as *-i, as seen in Hattori and Pellard's works. Vovin also reconstructs *-y, although this appears to be based on loanword evidence (compare  or ), and the prohibition of consonant clusters. The final *-y is deleted in ancient compounds (e.g. and ) and in Eastern Old Japanese (*Oy; compare  (< PJ ) and  (< PJ  via vowel raising)), while monophthongization occurs as a standalone noun.

Alexander Vovin traces this *-y element to an earlier *-r (see PJ ), but this appears to be based solely on. Other word-final consonants have been suggested (such as, based on the 1.2 and 2.5 accent patterns of Heian-period Kyoto), but these are speculative. The Hateruma/Shiraho and Yonaguni final nasals are certainly parallel innovations and are not indicative of an archaism.

Vowel correspondences
Within Old Japanese and Proto-Ryukyuan:

Unknown vowels
If a word cannot be determined an unraised vowel, or a type of vowel is unknown, these cover symbols are used:
 * Unknown back vowel */o/ or */u/: *U
 * Unknown front vowel */e/ or */i/: *I
 * Unknown mid vowels */o/ or */ə/: *O

Consonants
Proto-Japonic has the reconstructed consonant inventory of *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and * (or y in non-IPA notation). Kupchik (2023) also reconstructs *.

Voiced consonants in Old Japanese and Proto-Ryukyuan are thought to be derived from the pre-nasalized consonant + consonant clusters *, *, *, *.

Reconstructing approximants
It was a custom for "Altaicists" and advocates of a "Koreo-Japonic" hypothesis to reconstruct voiced consonants in proto-Japonic (or proto-Japanese), mainly to make "comparisons" with other languages look better. Even if one claims these consonants based on internal reconstruction, it is mostly based on typology, especially in the case of *b.

However, both of these voiced consonants are only confined to Sakishima and no other dialect in Japonic; see below.

*w
In Sakishima (Southern Ryukyuan dialects, including Miyako, Yaeyama, and Yonaguni), there have been mostly consistent correspondences of mainland Japanese *w- to initial *b-.

Words in Sakishima dialects that have inital w- are either secondary developments (e.g. pR > Irabu-Nakachi ), or recent loanwords (e.g. Irabu-Nakachi, , , ; they are explicitly marked as "new (新)").

Some Northern Ryukyuan dialects have a change *w- > gw- (e.g. Benoki), *wu- > gu- (e.g. Aden in Kikai), or *w- > f- (e.g. Yoron Higashi-ku), which has no explanation should *b- be reconstructed. Even if it's somehow possible, it is certainly less natural than a change w- > gw-.

There are no correspondences of Old Japanese u- to any Sakishima dialect bu-, as wu is basically absent from Japanese altogether. To account for this missing correspondence, it is more plausible to reconstruct *w-.

Sino-Japanese loanwords have b- in them (e.g. Irabu-Nakachi, Yonaguni , ), but then, it may have simply been a process of adjusting all initial w- in the loanwords to b-.

Compounds that involve *-w- often get deleted, e.g. "couple" has Irabu-Nakachi, Minna , Yonaguni ( + ); also Irabu-Nakachi  <  +. There is no explanation for the Minna form to be derived from *meboto(ra). However, one can also argue that the medial *-w- had lenited.

One evidence that Whitman and Vovin add to support *b- internally is using (Hirara) Miyako data that has v(u)-, which can be observed in words that have *-bu-, e.g. Miyako. However, Pellard (2023, 09) gives a note that some data from Miyako, including the Hirara dialect, could have been potentially been respelled to make it look closer to its Japanese corresponding form.

*y
It is only Yonaguni that has most of Japanese and Ryukyuan y- correspond to d-, e.g., , ,.

Typologically, Yonaguni has undergone many other fortitions: e.g. *z- > d-, *ch- > t.

There are no correspondences of Old Japanese i- to Yonaguni di-. yi- can only be reconstructed from morphological alternations, e.g. . To account for this missing correspondence, it is more plausible to reconstruct *y-.

Many compounds have a y that have been formed from compounds: e.g. compounds with "house" include:, , , , , , , ; one compound with "night" is.

Sino-Japanese loanwords also have d- for y-: e.g., , but it is possible that Yonaguni adjusted y- to d- in the loanwords.

The most decisive evidence in favor of y- is that the placename Yonaguni is recorded in a Korean record as 閏伊是麼 (zyun.i.si.ma), which implies a fortition *y- > *z- > d-. The modern placename is.

Pitch accent
The following accent patterns can be reconstructed for Proto-Japonic (an abbreviation indicates dubiousness, but after an accent, implies the accent in a particle if the accent is different):

proposes that the falling pitch of 2.5 nouns were derived from a final *-m, based on both internal and external evidence (see also ). For internal examples, has a verb, and  has a verb. For external instances, see and. He also assumes the low register goes back to an initial voiced consonant, claiming that this is how the low register corresponding to Proto-Ryukyuan tone class B has developed from such. However, there is no internal evidence for this.

It has been argued that a split in classes B and C of class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns were caused by either of the following: It is thus that most linguists, such as Thomas Pellard and Yosuke Igarashi, propose that the split goes back to Proto-Japonic.
 * The split was caused by a condition in the vowel.
 * There are conflicting correspondences.
 * That class C nouns were derived from vowel length, as suggested by Hattori.
 * However, many Ryukyuan dialects often have accent on the penultimate mora, and even in some heavy syllables (e.g. "today" (*keu), "body; self" (*dou")), there is a penultimate accent. In addition, words that actually have etymologically long vowels are typically preserved in some compounds, while long vowels from class C are typically shortened in compounds.
 * That the split is due to dialectal contact, as suggested by de Boer (2010).

Key

 * H - High pitch.
 * L - Low pitch.
 * R - Rising pitch.
 * F - Falling pitch.

Unraised medial vowels
Normally, Proto-Japonic /e/ and /o/ raises to /i/ and /o/ in attested daughter languages. An example is and, or  and.

There are word medial e1 and o1 in Old Japanese that cannot be explained away as originating from diphthongs. Examples include:

 * e1
 * (< PJ ; no Ryukyuan cognates, which is unsurprising as the plant is not native there)
 * o1
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * o1
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )
 * (< PJ )

These should be reconstructed with a medial *-e- and medial *-o- in Proto-Japonic, unless excepted (e.g. internal etymologies such as PJ, from + ).

Speculatively, most of the unraised *o seems to be adjacent to *a, suggesting that the adjacency blocked vowel raising in Mainland Japanese.

Verbs
For the time being, verbs should be reconstructed as root + terminal suffix. There has been arguments that the terminal suffix must have contracted an ancient root form, but there is no proper consensus about this on Wiktionary.

In the Ryukyuan languages, some verbs appear to derive from the + *worV-, an auxiliary suffix cognate with.

An example:

 * Proto-Japonic
 * Proto-Ryukyuan
 * Kikai
 * Okinawan

Adjectives
Use only the adjective root, not a suffix added to it. For example, descends from, without a **-sV suffix. Exceptions are : e.g.,.

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Austronesian

Proto-Austronesian (PAN) is the reconstructed ancestor of all Austronesian languages. Its descendant is Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. As a reconstructed language, it should be located in the Reconstruction: namespace.

Notation
Multiple notations of PAN forms exist, the most known being those by Robert Blust (2009) and John Wolff (2010). Entry names should generally follow the scheme by Wolff.

Vowels

 * Central vowels: *a, *ə
 * Front vowel: *i
 * Back vowels: *u
 * Diphthongs: *aw, *ay, *iw, and *uy

The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary uses *e for instances of the schwa, but should be changed to *ə.

Consonants
Lemma should generally use consonants following Wolff 2010.

 * Voiceless stops: *p *t *c *k *q
 * Voiced stops and fricatives: *b *d *j *g *ɣ
 * Nasals: *m *n *ŋ
 * Voiceless fricatives: *s *h
 * Laterals: *l *ɬ
 * Approximants: *w *y

PAN consonants according to Blust 2009 are as follows. Reconstructions by Blust should be generally alternative forms unless they a certain consonant does not appear in Wolff 2010 reconstruction:

 * Voiceless stops: *p *t *k *q
 * Voiced stops: *b *d *D *g *j *g
 * Nasals: *m *n *ñ *ŋ
 * Voiceless fricatives: *S *s *h
 * Affricates: *C *c *z
 * Laterals: *l *N
 * Taps and trills: *r *ʀ
 * Approximants: *w *y

Correspondences between Blust and Wolff's reconstructions for most other consonants are as follows:

 * *t and *C by Blust are merged into *t by Wolff
 * *c /t͡ʃ/ by Blust is rejected by Wolff
 * Final *D, and initial and medial *d by Blust are merged into *d by Wolf
 * Final *d, and initial and medial *z by Blust are merged into *j (/ɟ/) by Wolff
 * Medial and final *j, and initial *g by Blust are merged into *g by Wolff
 * Medial and final *g by Blust is rejected by Wolff
 * *ʀ by Blust is reconstructed as *ɣ by Wolff
 * *r /ɾ/ by Blust is rejected by Wolff
 * *N and *ñ by Blust are merged into * ɬ by Wolf
 * *s (/ʃ/) by Blust becomes *c (/c/) by Wolf
 * *S (/s/) by Blust becomes *s by Wolf

Descendants
Descendants are generally listed in the southward, and then eastward order, following the diffusion of Austronesians south from Taiwan, then to the Philippines, Borneo and the Malay archipelago and peninsula, then into Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and New Zealand.

 * Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
 * Proto-Philippine
 * Proto-Malayic
 * Proto-Cham
 * Proto-Batak
 * Proto-South-Sulawesi
 * Proto-Celebic
 * Proto-Oceanic
 * Proto-Torres-Banks
 * Proto-Micronesian
 * Proto-New-Caledonian
 * Proto-Polynesian

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Austronesian


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Malayic

See

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Malayic


text:
Wiktionary:About Proto-Vietic

See

title: Wiktionary:About Proto-Vietic


text: 运输队

title: 运输队


text: 邦邦牙

title: 邦邦牙


text:
邦板牙

Etymology
From.

title: 邦板牙