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User talk:Eirikr/2020

Not much going on here at present. Feel free to drop a line. Eiríkr Útlendi | Tala við mig 16:41, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Special:Contributions/2409:8900:1D51:C835:45F0:E00:C7EC:C01
User:M. I. Wright mentioned on the Wiktionary Discord server that these need a cleanup. It seems like you're good with historical stuff, so I leave you this message. —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 01:10, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you! Vetted and reworked as needed.  :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 01:18, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

天文
Hi there. I was wondering if you could help me update the Japanese entry here with the reading and definition at Tenbun? ---> Tooironic (talk) 13:20, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , how's ? :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:04, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Excellent. Thanks for your hard work! ---> Tooironic (talk) 07:48, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

山井
Sorry to bother you again, but I have another question. Can 山井 also be read as Yamanoi? For example in the name of the Japanese scholar Yamanoi Tei 山井 鼎 (1670–1728)? If so, would you mind adding this reading when you get time? Thanks! ---> Tooironic (talk) 08:02, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * No worries. Expanded the entry.  Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 16:42, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you so much. ---> Tooironic (talk) 01:56, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

Trying to resolve Proto-Japonic verb lemmas
(Pinging for input too) I think we should move Proto-Japonic verb pages to their roots, instead of guessing their shūshikei. It not only illustrates the verb class better (e.g. we move to kak-, exposing it as a godan verb, and  to inte-, exposing it as ichidan) it saves us much wrangling on whether to apply syncope to the Proto-Japonic forms themselves (a massive issue when we run into ichidan verbs, again), and I haven't found a source that explicitly reconstructs specific forms (unlike say Indo-European languages), instead reconstructing roots and suffixes separately in a format "root-suffix-suffix". mellohi! (僕の乖離) 15:24, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * @mellohi!, no strong thoughts here. I haven't read enough of the academic literature to know if there's any emerging consensus re: reconstructed shūshikei for Proto-Japonic.  I'm fine moving these to the root forms.
 * However, when doing so, we should make sure we're moving to the right location. For instance, modern 🇨🇬 is from historical 🇨🇬, clearly showing that this is 下二段 with a Proto root form of int-.  As an additional point, we would need the root int- in order to explain the existence of modern 🇨🇬.
 * There are various other cases where the modern language has an 一段 verb, but the lexicon as a whole has evidence of cognates that imply the existence of a 四段 root, even if that root no longer exists. I am reasonably certain that the 二段 and 一段 verbs are all defective derivatives of 四段 roots.
 * That said, if we have a 二段 or 一段 OJP verb without any such cognates, and where the Ryūkyūan branch also only evidences reflexes of that same 二段 or 一段 verb paradigm, then naturally we can only reconstruct a vowel ending for the Proto root form.
 * HTH! ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 16:53, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

Proto-Japonic final *o
We all know this yields OJp. o1, but in light of the comparison of OJp. ko1 and PR *kuwa for the word "child" (an irregular retention thereof), should they all be reconstructed as (or )? In any case this would fit the Kara word twol if the given form for was from an earlier  or. I think this would also apply for the accusative, which may come from an earlier. Cheers. Kwékwlos (talk) 22:34, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

 * , re: kuwa, I suspect the PR may be an innovation. Notably, the reconstruction of OJP  as  is not entirely settled, as we can see in the table at Old_Japanese.  For instance, Vovin reconstructs OJP  as, contrasting with  as .  See his 2011 paper Sources of Old Japanese i2.
 * We know that JA usually corresponds with RYU .  We also see various RYU terms that end in 子 that show this reflex ku instead of [k]kwa, as listed here at JLect (just search for 子), such as 船子 funaku, 団子 dāgu, 梃子 tiku, etc.
 * We also know that JA usually corresponds with a longer vowel in RYU, as in our discussion regarding 🇨🇬.
 * Long : 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬, classical 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬
 * Long : 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬
 * Long : 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬
 * Thus, we'd expect Proto kuwa to become Okinawan kū, not kwa.
 * Further, we know that JA is reflected in some Okinawan words as, as in 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬.
 * I propose instead that the various Ryukyuan terms reflecting 🇨🇬 are derived not directly from Proto-Japonic *kuwa -- which I don't think existed for the meaning of "child; small thing" -- but instead from Proto-Japonic *ko ("child") + Proto-Japonic -ra (plural and generalizing suffix), with the suffix construed more as a generalizer in the Ryukyuan branch. This parallels the etymologically-plural modern 🇨🇬, also used as a singular.
 * I've discovered I'm not alone in the above argument: see also this essay on JLect similarly discussing the derivation of the Ryukyuan branch.

 * Re: Kara twol, the notation in Koreanic romanizations does not necessarily indicate, but may just mean .  See also the  entry mentioned at Gaya_language, where the Middle Korean romanization  is spelled in Hangul as 돓, using the regular  vowel character.  I suspect this may be due to one of various possibilities:
 * The Middle Korean romanization at our entry is mistaken and should not include that "w".
 * The romanization is in accordance with English-language academia, and reflects a practice whereby "wo" is used to indicate.
 * Modern Korean reflects older.
 * Whatever the case for the romanization or the underlying vowel value, any argument for cognacy between OJP and MK 돓 (tolh? twolh?) would have to explain what happens to the final -lh in the Middle Korean -- was this a Korean innovation?  What does it mean?  If it's an integral part of the word, what happened to it in Japanese?  In addition, Middle Korean final -h often evolved via lenition from earlier -k, if my memory is correct, which further complicates efforts to link these two.  Add to that the fact that we really don't know the phonetic realization of the Kara word at all, due to the way that Chinese was used both phonetically and semantically for the various Koreanic pre-Hangul languages.
 * Anyway, it's been fun working on this. Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 20:26, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
 * For kuwa: dango does not actually derive from a final *kwo, but rather an alteration of danki, so it has no relevance to the word. The kanji is used for its pronunciation, not its actual derivation. The term funaku may be correct in assuming PR *ko, but we cannot exclude a borrowing from Japanese. The form tiku may or may not be derived from an assumed PR *ko, or it could be simply a Japanese borrowing for such a lexically complex term.
 * When we reconstruct PJ, sometimes irregular correspondences show up. An example is EOJ nwozi, which would imply Japanese noji, but the actual form is niji, contrasting Okinawan nūji, which agrees with EOJ. Particularly notable is the case of with modern Ryukyuan reflexes of mi rather than m or n.
 * If my theory is correct, we can explain the o1 in so1ra as an earlier, as a form would yield *sura.
 * About the alternate derivation with PJ *-ra, the PR form would be *kora, that would yield Okinawan *kura. But the form kkwa appears to have been from *kura, but if PR *ku existed it would have been derived from PJ *ku. So the irregular conservatism seems to be more likely for me.
 * About the word twol, perhaps it would make sense to derive a phonemic /dor/ from an earlier /*dora/. The Kara language you described may actually represent Peninsular Japonic, which of course a relationship to Korean is tenuous at best, and so the Koreanic romanizations are what I believe to be imperfect, since they may be based of sinograms that were transcribed centuries earlier. If the *l is to be expected, then it would make sense for me to derive from  via an intermediate . Of course, for the word, EOJ has to1nari1, which directly implies a preform . Kwékwlos (talk) 21:07, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Re: dango, apologies for my confusion, I'd forgotten that that was a more recent term. I'm not sure what you mean by "lever" being lexically complex.  As a compound, it's "hand" + "diminutive thing".  That said, we have other examples of JA 子 ko not corresponding to Ryukyuan kwa, such as 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬 ↔ 🇨🇬.
 * Re: the reflexes of mi "three", I'm not sure how that's relevant? I also disagree with the statement at 🇨🇬 that Proto mi "three" is cognate with Proto mu "six".  "Related" I could agree with, but "cognate" means "these were originally the same word", which I doubt.
 * Re: the Kara term, if the Kara matched the Old Korean phonetics from which Middle Korean tolh arose, the term might have been something more like tolk. See also this  discussion re: nara (search for "old Korean locative" to find the relevant bit discussing final -lh).  There's no reason I can see to reconstruct any such tura.
 * Re: Eastern Old Japanese noji, I believe that's a hapax legomenon, appearing solely in  book 14, poem 3414, and thus to be taken with a grain of salt. The original spelling also uses the glyph 努, which you'll see over at Man'yōgana was confusingly used to represent both nu and no1.
 * Re: "irregular conservatism", I can't tell what you mean by that.
 * Re: this theory that OJP derives from Proto-Japonic uwa, as best I can tell, the only rationale for reconstructing Proto-Japonic w here is the presumed  phonetic value for Old Japanese .  Old Japanese  is not universally reconstructed as .  Is there some other justification for this w that you keep introducing in the Proto terms?  Also, the additional syllable seems ... problematic, at best.
 * Separately, and relatedly, I am growing concerned about your edits regarding Proto-Japonic forms, as they seem to be based on your personal thoughts (such as "if my theory is correct" above), without regard to broader academic research. While Wiktionary is not as strict as Wikipedia when it comes to original research, we do try to be clear about what is citable and what is conjecture or synthesis.  I would be happier with some of your edits if you could clarify what is "probable" and what is actually citable to this or that academic author, ideally more than one.
 * Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 08:05, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I've been paying more attention to mathematics, where they are actually defined: such as a cube being a square prism. To be fair, I am a very curious amateur linguist. You may want to pay attention to "The Language of the Old-okinawan Omoro Soshi: Reference Grammar, With Textual Selections" which will help alot in our studies regarding Japonic. Besides, Japonic linguistics is done mostly by Japanese speakers who have little experience in the English language, unlike those of the Indo-Europeanists who could atleast speak English, French, German, or Russian. Kwékwlos (talk) 10:05, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I've been paying more attention to mathematics, where they are actually defined: such as a cube being a square prism. To be fair, I am a very curious amateur linguist. You may want to pay attention to "The Language of the Old-okinawan Omoro Soshi: Reference Grammar, With Textual Selections" which will help alot in our studies regarding Japonic. Besides, Japonic linguistics is done mostly by Japanese speakers who have little experience in the English language, unlike those of the Indo-Europeanists who could atleast speak English, French, German, or Russian. Kwékwlos (talk) 10:05, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

Sources to be trusted
For decades Japanese was thought to be an Altaic language, but recently it is no longer thought of as an actual family, but rather a Sprachbund. Of course there may be relationships, but they must be borrowings. With the dissolution of Altaic as a reliable proposal some have turned to Korean or Koreanic. While words like seom and shima are obviously related, it strikes to me that some of these native Korean words may actually represent Japonic borrowings, or that the Japonic words are borrowed from Old Korean.

From what I know, Robbeets obviously wants a relationship with "Transeurasian", which is just a rebranded Altaic, and even proposes AN etymologies for some Japonic words.

Vovin, on the other hand, once supported the Altaic theory but later became a critic. An example of a redeemable decision, I must say. He now focuses on finding loan relationships among the former "Altaic" languages.

Among the amateur scholars, some even from Japan, people like Mayuki Kikasane (twitter @MajukyiSanapey) fancy a reconstruction of so-called "Yasiman", or even a "Kanade" PJ reconstruction. Of course they partner with people like (twitter @cicada3301_kig) who propose their own interpretation, clearly something that isn't to be trusted upon, as they love to study languages that are extinct or created.

With Robbeets and any amateur scholar out of the picture, what can you say about reliable sources on Japonic (with the rise of English-speaking Japanese and Okinawans and English words found predominantly in Japan used in their emerging English dialect, such as and )? Kwékwlos (talk) 21:35, 13 February 2020 (UTC)

 * , by way of authors in English, my reading has been less extensive than I'd like, especially in recent years as things IRL have taken up more of my time. That said, I'm mostly familiar with Vovin, Martin, Robbeets, Starostin, Unger, Frellesvig (though only indirectly from what others have told me, I have yet to get my hands on his History of the Japanese Language).  Subjectively, Vovin seems the most solid, perhaps joined by Unger and Martin.  From what I've seen directly, and what I've read from others, Robbeets has been prone to some serious flaws in her analysis of Japanese and Japonic.  I'd take anything from her with a large grain of salt, and seek to find agreement from other authors.  Starostin doesn't know Japanese etymologies at all, and as best I can tell, his exploration of Japonic has been based purely on word lists and accidental resemblances -- occasionally he finds interesting things, but he's basically useless as a primary source, as everything needs further corroboration.  Frellesvig, meanwhile, sounds to be savvier with regard to Japanese and Japonic, and more likely to be on-point and not just accidentally correct.
 * From my own perspective, Vovin's turnabout from Altaic proponent to opponent seems to be due to the sloppiness of past writings attempting to establish a Japonic—anything-else relationship, where further research into the claims made ultimately reveals a whole lot of not much. While I don't know that I yet fully accept Vovin's current statement that Korean and Japanese are wholly unrelated (claiming that Japonic and Koreanic grammatical and morphological similarities are due solely to areal proximity raises the question of why Korean is not a whole lot more like Chinese), I do take his core point that any attempt at showing a relationship must do more than simply point out resemblances, and must derive specific, repeatable, and predictive rules for sound correspondences, etc.
 * Another good English-language source I should mention is Shibatani's The Languages of Japan, part of the Cambridge language series. He provides a good overview of Japanese, Japonic, and Ainu.  (For that matter, it's been several years, I should re-read that.)  I particularly appreciated his analysis of accent patterns and dialectal shift, describing the "prestige" lects of the capital regions in the Kansai area and the less-prestigious provinces and explaining some of the mechanics of regional differences in a way that made more sense to me.
 * HTH as a good starting point. :) ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:50, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

唐名
Hey there. When you get time, would you mind creating a Japanese entry for this term? My Japanese dictionary provides the following definition: からな 【唐名】① 中国での名称. ② 日本の官職を唐制の呼び名に当てたもの. 太政大臣を相国（しようこく），中納言を黄門と称するなど. とうめい. ③ あだ名. 別名. 「横車とはな…おのれがやうな女の―よ」〈浄瑠璃・十二段長生島台〉. Many thanks! ---> Tooironic (talk) 04:03, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Ya, will do! I see three readings for this: からな, とうみょう, and とうめい.  I'll have a go some time in the next few days -- tomorrow even, if I can make the time.  :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:07, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Look forward to seeing the fruits of your labour. Cheers! ---> Tooironic (talk) 05:30, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * , looks like created the entry before I got to it.  I just added some minor details a moment ago.  Hope that scratches your itch.  :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:14, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks everyone! ---> Tooironic (talk) 01:34, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * by the way, you're exactly quoting the Daijirin in which there is the equivalent online version available if you never checked. ～ POKéTalker（═◉═） 06:54, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I see. Thank you! ---> Tooironic (talk) 22:03, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

OJP /yi/ and /wu/
Vovin says that /yi/ and /wu/ are impossible sequences, and would preclude a PJ reconstruction. In fact it doesn't exist as a syllable in the Man'yōgana syllabary. Do you have any opinion on this? Kwékwlos (talk) 21:42, 2 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Replied at Reconstruction_talk:Proto-Japonic/wu. :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 01:16, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

友達
Thanks, I understand the system now. Hkbusfan (talk)
 * Cheers! ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

Japonic terms for resting
A surface inspection seems to uncover a root yoko/yuko for resting. It is amply attested, in Okinawan yukuyun, Kunigami yuhurun and yuhumin, Amami yuhumuri, Miyako yukū, Yonaguni dugun, and Japanese ikou. This root, when used verbally, doesn't seem to appear bare and is generally combined with a derivational suffix. In Japanese it appears with -pu, in Okinawan and Kunigami it appears with, in Amami and Kunigami it appears with the denominative verbalizer. Does this establish the existence of a primary root meaning "to rest" or are there secondary natures in the way? mellohi! (僕の乖離) 17:32, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
 * @mellohi! -- Very interesting. I haven't encountered this term before.
 * Looking this up in Daijirin, I see a note 〔漢文訓読系の語〕, suggesting that this may have been a higher-register or more formal term. I searched through the ', which tends more towards poetry rather than academia, and found no instances of the word, which might reinforce the DJR comment's suggestion.  Meanwhile, in the KDJ, we see that the term appears in the ' of 720, so it's quite old.  We also see senses and spellings that point towards the root ik- as in.
 * There appears to be a strong correlation between ik- "breath" and ik- "living", as in, . I suspect this also overlaps with , from the basic idea that living things move.  The Ryukyuan cognates you've found would seem to reinforce the idea of a y- initial, not just for  but also for.
 * There are various terms in Japanese that may have a lingering initial y- at the root level that disappears in certain forms, since the yi phoneme doesn't really happen in Japanese. See for instance the likely cognacy of  and, the alternation in , etc.  I think I recall seeing a paper or two about that recently...  here's one, The Syllable yi in Old Japanese, Thomas Dougherty, 2011.  Vovin's 2011 paper On one more source of Old Japanese i2 doesn't discuss yi directly, but he does have some examples showing how a yu phoneme might collapse in certain contexts into i.  I think I've seen this discussed elsewhere as well, but I can't find it at the moment.  (Plus, my Chrome installation blew a tire the other day when my laptop battery crapped out, and I lost tons of history, including two windows with multiple tabs that had various papers open in them...  so much for persistent session management, I'm back to Firefox now.)
 * Anyway, I hope that provides some leads for further exploration. Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:36, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
 * "I searched through the Man'yōshū, which tends more towards poetry rather than academia, and found no instances of the word, [...]"
 * See this, only one logographic attestation in the Manyoshu. Chuterix (talk) 02:56, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Chuterix, very interesting -- it appears that that line is subject to interpretation, perhaps unsurprisingly, given the logographic spelling.
 * The MYS version available via the University of Virginia (direct link: MYS 11.2645) doesn't give the reading ikopu for the 息 glyph. Here's their text (with / added to show stanza breaks, since our templates munge the whitespace):
 * @Mellohi!, if the association with the kanji with the ikopu reading is valid, then this would suggest a connection to root yuk- / ik-, a very productive root, with various derived meanings:
 * to go:
 * to live:
 * breath:
 * The "breath" sense is pretty clearly a conjugated from of verb iku ("to live", by extension "to breathe"). From that, ikopu would be iku → irrealis conjugation stem ika- → ablaut shift to iko- → + iterative suffix -pu = "to be breathing", presumably also "to take a breather".  HTH! ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:04, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * The "breath" sense is pretty clearly a conjugated from of verb iku ("to live", by extension "to breathe"). From that, ikopu would be iku → irrealis conjugation stem ika- → ablaut shift to iko- → + iterative suffix -pu = "to be breathing", presumably also "to take a breather".  HTH! ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:04, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

ぬ
Currently the usage notes start with "In Old Japanese and continuing in classical and later Japanese, the ending -nu and the ending -ta", but this is anachronistic. -ta suffix certainly has not existed yet in Old Japanese and Middle Japanese. -nu suffix should be compared here not with -ta suffix, but with -tu (つ) suffix (which I would rather prefer to romanize as -tu, not -tsu which does not match reconstructed Old/Early Middle Japanese pronunciation). I am aware that t part of -ta is distantly cognate with t of -tu (-ta < -taru < -tari < -te + ari, where -te is 連用形 of -tu), but -ta suffix appeared probably in Early Modern Japanese. The other part of the usage notes ("mainly for verbs that indicated transitive or intentional actions") also matches classical -tu suffix and not modern -ta suffix.

Would you prefer to just change -ta to -tu, without ?

 * Apologies, I thought you were only replacing the romanization with the kana. Best practice for Japanese is to specify the reading in romaji unless the text is specifically talking about the graphemes, so other templates like  or  should be used instead of .  Also, I didn't catch that the description had -ta instead of -tsu.  I've just fixed the text; please have a look.
 * Separately, please remember to sign your posts with four tildes, like this: ~
 * Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:49, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

p- reintroduction in onomatopoeic words
Hey! Thanks for explaining the thing, it's really what I could not even dare think about. Could you say if there is any literature on the topic I can get familiar with? —Fayanzar (talk) 20:37, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Glad that was helpful for you. I don't have my usual English-language references to hand, but if you can read Japanese, the JA WP article at 半濁音 describes the outlines.  That explains the  initial as arising during the, but I'm pretty sure I've read elsewhere that it probably started showing up -- in some words at least -- during the preceding .  It's also possible that I got my wires crossed, and I may be mixing this up with the word-medial , which the JA WP article does mention as starting during the Muromachi.
 * If you're interested in the history of the Japanese language, I've read Shibatani's The Languages of Japan, which was a good solid academic overview, and that also touches upon Ainu. I've also heard good things about Bjarke Frellesvig's A History of the Japanese Language, but I haven't read that one myself.  Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 21:12, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

薔薇
But it's biological organism which is usually written with katakana?Shen233 (talk) 01:38, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Biology terms are only usually written in katakana in biology contexts. In other contexts, kanji or hiragana generally prevail.  See also ja:w:ネコ科, for instance, where we find katakana ネコ used in the context of taxonomy and biology, but 猫 or ねこ in pretty much everything else.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:07, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

 * True, but for 薔薇 in particular, at least in my experience, バラ is seems more common than ばら. what do you think? Shen233 (talk) 06:22, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Checking stats at Google Books, I get 198K for the kanji spelling, 230K for hiragana, and 184K for katakana.
 * However, hit counts are still a separate issue. For the yomi of native or nativized words (such as Middle-Chinese derived on'yomi terms, not strictly native), Wiktionary uses hiragana for kana renderings and for ruby text.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:38, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Thanks for the info. Would you mind explaining what ruby text is? Shen233 (talk) 06:42, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
 * See . —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:48, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

続く
This term is usually rendered in the hiragana つづく; the form w/the kanji is seldom seen. That's why I put it there. WorldwideBallcaps (talk) 06:41, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

 * ... except the kanji spelling is not rare. Checking a couple conjugation forms, the kanji spelling is actually more common on Google Books.  What context are you describing?  If manga, that's a special case and is generally not relevant for much of what we do here.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:57, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It's also used in non-anime media, such as movies and live action shows, so it should merit some mention, I feel. WorldwideBallcaps (talk) 06:58, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

I have seen both and it seems interchangeable for me, though in media toward younger people つづく is more common, but that shouldn’t be an issue? Shen233 (talk) 07:01, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Indeed, media targeting younger audiences will use fewer kanji as a general trend. That is not lexically important, however, and has no bearing on Wiktionary.
 * Again, the kanji spelling is not rare. Please stop adding usage notes that erroneously state that it is.  This is trivially confirmable in Google searches.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:16, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

下午
Would you mind fixing this Japanese entry when you get the chance? ---> Tooironic (talk) 05:18, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Done. :) ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:47, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Many thanks! ---> Tooironic (talk) 22:24, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

重箱読み
quick question on 重箱読み, I know it's 2-kanji compound where first is on and second is kun,but does it apply to a yojijukugo where first two is on and second two is kun like in 滅多矢鱈? Shen233 (talk) 06:53, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Ya, for or, we only consider two-kanji compounds, same structure as the source words  or .  Anything bigger is no longer  or.
 * (As a minor point, please don't forget to add -- or keep -- whitespace lines in the wikicode. Wiktionary convention is to keep some whitespace in the code to make it easier for editors to read.)
 * Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:50, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

 * thanks, and as for the adjective/adjectival noun business, I think it's just the use of terminology. Adjectival noun is same as na-adjectives, and I seen many entries uses "adjectival noun" for na-adjectives like or . Also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectival_noun_(Japanese)　Shen233 (talk) 18:43, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Cheers, ya, those are stale entries. In past discussions, the consensus emerged to use more standard POS vocabulary, considering that our readership consists of English readers who may not be familiar with alternative labeling schemes like "adjectival noun" or "stative verb" (one idea I've run into for what to call -i adjectives, since they can be used predicatively), but who are probably familiar with the basic English terms for parts of speech like "adjective".  I've been slowly cleaning up "adjectival noun" entries to use "adjective" instead, but I haven't been actively looking for them.  Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:51, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

こたえる reading for 堪える
I tried adding another reading for 堪える, would you mind clean that up if you have time, thanks! Shen233 (talk) 23:43, 3 April 2020 (UTC)

賦能 - any possibility from Japanese?
Hi there. I was wondering if there is any possibility the Chinese term 賦能 might have come from Japanese? The term does not exist natively in Chinese, and for now I can only assume it was calqued from English empower. ---> Tooironic (talk) 06:21, 7 April 2020 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I've never encountered this. Doesn't seem to be used at all in JA.  See lack of any entry at https://kotobank.jp/word/賦能 or at https://www.weblio.jp/content/賦能 and the lack of any likely meaning in our single-character entry at 🇨🇬.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:27, 7 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank for checking that. I guess 賦 is not a common character in Japanese at any rate. In my Japanese-English dictionary, the only entries that come up are for 賦課, 賦与 and 賦課, which are red links for now. ---> Tooironic (talk) 11:13, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

About 百合 and あしび
Hello. I'm glad to see you for the first time. My name is Japoniarra. Let me ask you straightforwardly, on what basis were these two items "百合" and "あしび"'s rollback? Please let me know. If there is no basis, the item will be reverted. --ハポニアラ (talk) 05:19, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Hello, let me address each in turn.
 * At 🇨🇬, you two surname readings, Moai and Momai.
 * I cannot confirm these surname readings. The closest I can find is Momae, as listed in ENAMDICT here.
 * Separately, these readings have separate etymologies and pronunciations from the yuri reading section that you'd added these to.
 * Given these two problems, I reverted your edit.
 * If these readings can be confirmed, then the entry structure must be changed to include at least one separate etymology section, ideally one separate section for each separate reading.
 * At 🇨🇬, you the kanji spelling .  This spelling is confirmable as a surname with the reading Ashibi at ENAMDICT here.
 * Since this spelling for the surname is confirmable, I reverted your removal.
 * Please let me know if you have any further questions or concerns. Responsibilities IRL are keeping me plenty busy, so please note that replies may not be immediate.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 16:37, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

 * To
 * Thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedule to respond.
 * I'll explain each of these step-by-step.
 * Regarding 百合, I have added two more readings. It's "Moai" and "Momai".
 * You said that the reading of these surnames could not be confirmed by ENAMDICT, but I have my reasons. If you search for "百合" on this page of the website "Dictionary of Actual Surnames (実在苗字（名字）辞典)", you will find "yuri (ゆり)", "moai (もあい)" and "momai (もまい)" in hiragana.
 * As for the other point you made about having to separate the etymological sections when the readings are different, I didn't study it. I'll be careful from now on.
 * Therefore, I would like to have two new sections in "百合".
 * The same can be said about あしび.
 * In other words, you said on the ENAMDICT page that the surname "Ashibi" is written with the Chinese character "馬酔木", but when I look at the "Dictionary of Actual Surnames", I see "馬酔木" is read as "Asebi(あせび)", "Masuki(ますき)" and "Maseki(ませき)" (as an aside, I did not find the reading "Maseki" when I searched on Google, but I found the reading "Masebo" on this page of the "The Japanese surnames etymology dictionary (日本姓氏語源辞典)", so the manager of the "Dictionary of Actual Surnames" probably misread the phone book).

 * By the way, have you ever heard of the term "ghost surname (幽霊名字)" proposed by Japanese surname researcher Hiroshi Morioka (森岡浩)? This term refers to a surname that is listed in a surname dictionary but whose existence cannot be confirmed.
 * What I am saying is that the ENAMDICT you are basing your argument on may contain many non-existent readings of real surnames, so to speak "ghost readings".
 * Or, conversely, it is possible that there are many readings of actually existing surnames that ENAMDICT does not list.
 * And therein lies the reason why I base my "Dictionary of Actual Surnames (First Names)" on it. This website, as the name implies, is a site that tries to list only real surnames and their readings. And the rationale for that, too, is shown here, by the order in the phone book and the names on the Internet. Therefore, I thought that the rationale on this site would be easy to revisit and highly reliable
 * However, if you still claim that there is no surname that reads "百合" as "moai" or "momai", or that there is a surname that reads "馬酔木" as "ashibi", then I think you should do an exact match search on a search site for the kanji and readings (hiragana, katakana, romaji) of the surname. If you do that, I think you'll find most of the readings of surnames that actually exist.
 * However, since the proof of the thing (surname) which does not exist is difficult and becomes "the devil’s proof", I think it is better to do the proof of the thing (surname) which exists basically.
 * Of course, if you ask me for more details, I will immediately prove the existence of the surnames "Moai" and "Momai" with materials other than the "Dictionary of Real Surnames".

 * I think the important thing is to make sure that no matter what site we use as a source, the last name is real or not.

 * I apologize for the lengthy post.--ハポニアラ (talk) 08:12, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Almost any surname you claim to exist is questionable. If you're going to claim to exist, prove it with actual directories on the web, not a site with a collection of surnames on it. -- ハポニアラ (talk) 13:48, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
 * : As you mentioned above, this is trying to prove a negative. Various sources online list these readings and spellings that have been at issue.  Even if they are ghost readings / spellings, we may still have entries for them, ideally indicating that these are ghost readings / spellings and listing any corroborating references.  Just as you state that we have no guarantee that a reading or spelling listed in ENAMDICT or myoji-yurai is authoritatively correct, we similarly have no guarantee that the lack of a reading or spelling in your reference of choice is authoritative proof that such reading or spelling does not exist.
 * If you would like to bring these up for further discussion with a broader audience, I would suggest creating relevant threads at WT:RFV. If you would like to discuss references and criteria for inclusion, I would suggest creating relevant threads at WT:BP.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:53, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

 * "proving a negative": like sending a non-existent term to WT:RFV? —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 23:58, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * If it's about finding verification, or confirming lack thereof, then yes, request for verification would be the correct forum. My points above are that there does appear to be verification for the readings and spellings at issue.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:11, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

with DEFAULTSORT at the top, other `sort` args aren't needed
Would that it were true, but see, for example Category:ja:Film, where コンテ is now sorted under コ rather than こ.

As far as I have worked out, DEFAULTSORT does seem to propagate to bor / inh /der, but not to lb or to top / C. I'm not sure about other templates. Cnilep (talk) 04:49, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Oh, dear. Thank you for cluing me in.  That inconsistency is rather distressing.  I suspect that the, ,  templates / modules need updating, but I haven't the foggiest how.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:56, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

and probable Ryukyuan relatives
There seems to be multiple Ryukyuan terms related to this adjective, somehow, despite being a -ka + -shik- adjective which you'd usually think has no business in Ryukyuan. Interestingly, Jarosz's relatively recent paper "The reflexes of Proto-Ryukyuan close vowels in a post-nasal position" reconstructs of identical meaning as the proto-form of several similar Ryukyuan adjectives, like. I assumed these were early-stage borrowings (note that *u after *t often merges with the reflex of *i), but who knows? mellohi! (僕の乖離) 13:12, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

 * First of all, if we expect native terms in Ryukyuan (take Shuri Okinawan for example), you have attestations of *midare > Okinawan njariyun, which presupposes a reduction of *mi- > 'n-. But then you have terms like *miti > Okinawan michi instead of expected *nchi, which may suggest earlier *meti if we follow the fact that *ke > ki and *ki > chi, or else a borrowing from Japanese. The same could be said for PR *mu, which has the same reflex in cases such as *mukade > Okinawan nkaji. Hence he reconstructs *motika-, but how would you expain the non-palatalization of *k here after an *i? Therefore I conclude this word probably entered Ryukyuan as a Japanese loanword after the sound changes *k > ch (after *i) and *e, *o > i, u, since we would have expected *muchichasan if it was indeed an inherited word, which is unlikely since this word has no known Old Japanese cognate. Kwékwlos (talk) 14:09, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

 * @mellohi!, the ～しく vs. ～く distinction in the adverbial for Old Japanese adjectives may have been the innovation. I see, for instance, the Shuri Okinawan adjective あさまさん corresponding with mainland  (both presumably from a proto verb asamu reflected in JA ), just as Shuri あささん corresponds with mainland .  Similarly, Shuri あたらさん corresponds to (now-obsolete) mainland  or, Shuri うとぅなさん and mainland , Shuri うれーまさん and mainland , Shuri をぅかさん and mainland , etc. etc.
 * There appears to be enough lexical overlap for Shuri -asan adjectives and mainland -ashii adjectives that I suspect these are cognates and not borrowings. We also seem to see similar morphological development where at least some of these appear to derive from verbs in the -a stem form, plus an adjective-forming suffix.
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:04, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * @Kwékwlos, mu in mainland Japanese also collapses to n in certain contexts -- albeit not in word-initial position. The most common of these was the suppositional suffix, evolving into either -u or -n in Classical Japanese.  Meanwhile, medial -mi- in verbs collapses to -n- regularly to produce the modern conjunctive ～んで forms, from older ～みて, for verbs like, , , etc.
 * Looking at Shuri, contrasting initial mi- in midaru → njariyun and initial mi- in miti → michi, I wonder if pitch accent might be a factor. Perhaps also the derivation of miti as honorific prefix mi- + base noun ti (“path, way”).
 * Re: palatalization of Ryūkyūan *k, I'm only familiar with that when the consonant is followed by a front vowel, not when preceded by it. Proto-Ryūkyūan -ika- would still yield modern -ika-, while Proto-Ryūkyūan -aki- would yield modern -achi-.  See also Shuri ちかさん corresponding to mainland .  Or have I missed something?
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:04, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * For Shuri, you have the doublet chichasan, which is inherited. The form with -k- is irregular or a likely Japanese borrowing. There appears to be no evidence that pitch accent did influence the sounds. Kwékwlos (talk) 22:23, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * There are other Shuri words that have -ika-. C.f. てぃーじかさん, likely corresponding to mainland, むちかさん at issue in this thread (albeit from likely root form mutuku), あんじかび with alternative form んちゃび, ちむしからーさん of uncertain derivation, etc.  It does not appear that -ika- uniformly resulted in affricated forms.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:19, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I also note that there appear to be doublets for the words related to midare:
 * Mainland → みだり ↔ んじゃり
 * Mainland →  みだりゆん ↔ んじゃりゆん
 * Not a doublet, but another term exhibiting initial mida- rather than nja-:
 * Mainland  → みだりゆー, apparently as used on 久米島
 * I suspect that the doublets represent the same words at different stages of sound change. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 03:55, 10 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Re: honorific prefix mi-, a quick search reveals that this remains in Shuri みくち (honorific 御 + 口　“mouth”) and みくし (honorific 御 + 腰 “hips”). This may explain why the initial mi- persists in Shuri michi, and has not collapsed into n-.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 04:28, 10 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I have a high belief that Jarosz's *motika- should be reconstructed as *motuka- instead, which not only resolves the palatalization problem but also provides a better vowel correspondence to itself. mellohi! (僕の乖離) 04:49, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Revisiting this thread after a while., you stated above,

Therefore I conclude this word probably entered Ryukyuan as a Japanese loanword after the sound changes *k > ch (after *i) and *e, *o > i, u, since we would have expected *muchichasan if it was indeed an inherited word, which is unlikely since this word has no known Old Japanese cognate.
 * Although 🇨🇬 itself is only cited to around 1000, it does have an Old Japanese derivation. The adjective is listed in multiple monolingual Japanese dictionaries as cognate with verb .  Modern muzukaru is from older (but still current) reading mutsukaru, cited all the way back in the  of 720.
 * Separately, I note the existence of reduplicative adverb, and related forms and .  This may be related to reduplicative adverb.
 * Morphologically, mutsukaru implies older verb form mutsuku. However, that form is only cited to 1191; it may be a back-formation, or it might just not have been recorded earlier.  OJP mutukaru might be derived from an unattested earlier mutuku, or it might represent a verb derived from the adverbial root mutu.
 * There are many -ashii adjectives in Japanese that derive from verbs and can be analyzed as "of a quality to cause [VERB]". By one analysis, these could all be a shift in usage from the  of the causative form of the verb.  In this case, it would proceed from verb root mutsuk + -u (terminal) → mutsuk + -asu (causative in the terminal form) → mutsuk + -ashi (causative in the continuative form) → re-analysis or repurposing as an adjective in the -shi terminal form.
 * In fact, this might explain why the しき attributive and しく adverbial conjugation arose: if the し derived initially not as an adjectival suffix, but as a part of an underlying conjugated verb form, the し would not change to き or く as it does for regular し-terminal adjectives, but would instead require the additional suffixes.
 * → To conclude, the underlying Japanese etymon here appears to be an adverbial root mutu, with derived verb mutukaru arising from that, and adverb mutukasi. I'm curious if there are any Ryukyuan cognates aside from this *motuka.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:50, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

Module Error at 破落戸
I think this is caused by something about the main entry (ならず者) that ja-see doesn't know how to process. One thing I noticed is that there are no readings in the entry, just a pronunciation section. That may be only a coincidence, but it's something to start with. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:45, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Never mind- I see has already fixed it. Chuck Entz (talk) 08:33, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * At some point, ja-headword and ja-r started to accept kanji with no reading. I think it's an odd modification. (@User:Huhu9001?) —Suzukaze-c (talk) 08:36, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * ja-headword had always been allowing "kanji with no kana" before I modified it. So I had to make "kanji with no kana" a tracking rather than an error: Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:tracking/ja-headword/no_kana_form_is_available. I fixed the old ones like 蝶蝶, 火氣, 蛋黃, but someone seems to be adding new ones. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 08:57, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * , thank you both. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:58, 4 July 2020 (UTC)

気持ち悪い
Did you mean Daijisen says there is a space between "kimochi" and "warui"? But it seems Daijisen does not provide romaji for these words. See this. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 18:04, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Apologies for the confusion, no, that was not my intent -- rather, that Daijisen ultimately describes this as from the phrase . I think your edits to the etymology helped to clarify; thank you for that.
 * Regarding spacing in the romanization, our practice is to separate individual terms by spaces, except in cases of rendaku, when either we'll spell it as one thing or use a hyphen. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 03:16, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

Issues:
 * 1) It is not a contraction. It is an omission of が in a clause.
 * 2) "Passive" and "active" make sense for adjectives, see suspicious.
 * 3) Many Wiktionary entries use semicolons for for separating synonymous senses. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 05:04, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm confused by your opposition. An omission such as this is a shortening, a contraction of the fuller phrase.  If "contraction" is too specific for you, would "shortening" be more acceptable?  Where possible, we should avoid using the overly general "From ..." and state in more specific detail how the term derives.
 * Regarding "passive" and "active", I disagree with the usage at 🇨🇬, and refer you also to w:Passive voice. Further, I'll point out that most English readers will not be familiar with this use of "passive" and "active" to refer to adjectives -- this is strange and non-standard, and strikes me as jargon.
 * Regarding punctuation, when a sense gloss itself does not include commas, and there are multiple synonymous glosses, and moreover the entry as a whole has other terms with multiple non-synonymous glosses, differentiating the use cases by different punctuation simply makes sense. For, the first two sense lines list synonymous senses, whereas for the third, the two senses are more distinct: "feeling bad" and "in a bad mood" are disparate and not necessarily synonymous.
 * Separately, looking again at the entry, your use of is a bit confusing.  See also w:Clause.  If  is used as a standalone statement, it could be described as a clause with an omitted and implied subject (whoever or whatever is "disgusting" or "feeling ill").  If  is used as an adjective, it cannot be a clause, and is instead clearly a lexicalized term.
 * I'll synthesize the above into the entry. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:28, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Your is wrong. The sense "disgusting" can be used on humans as well as non-humans ("気持ち悪い男"). Also  for the sense "sick" is problematic. It is not that this sense is restricted to humans but that we seldom describe the feeling of a non-human. We don't have that label in the entry sick.
 * The clause does not have "an omitted and implied subject", its subject is 気持ち. If translated literally, it is a clause meaning "where/in which the feeling is bad". Consider "気持ち悪い形" ("a disgusting shape", or lit. "a shape where the feeling is bad"). This is how Japanese clauses work. Japanese adjectives and clauses share the same form of syntax. They are not different by nature. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 05:57, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

先生
Thanks. But you reintroduced a number of lint errors due to the embedded bold formatting. Do you intend to repair the underlying template so it doesn't generate MALFORMD html when using wikimarkup then? ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 17:52, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you're talking about.
 * The markup is not malformed. Here is the source as viewed in Firefox 68.11.0(esr), pretty-printed for (slightly) easier viewing:
 * The markup is not malformed. Here is the source as viewed in Firefox 68.11.0(esr), pretty-printed for (slightly) easier viewing:

 * The above parses as well-formed markup.
 * The page renders correctly before your edit and after my reversion, and renders incorrectly after your edit and before my reversion.
 * If you had previewed the page and expanded the quotation, you would have seen two red examples of Template:bold, and one big Lua error message also in red:
 * Lua error in Module:ja-ruby at line 544: Separator "%" in the kanji and kana strings do not match.Lua error in Module:ja-ruby at line 544: Separator "%" in the kanji and kana strings do not match.
 * Both are clear indications that your edit was problematic, and unhelpful to the reader.
 * The appearance of the page as rendered is what our readers see. This is more important than strict adherence to technical standards.  If you can find a way to resolve the lint errors without goofing up the appearance of the page, then please do so.  I don't care about lint errors so long as the page renders correctly.
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:24, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation. Now to review every single 'lint-error' fix made in the last 48 hours or so to make sure there aren't any more inadvertent problems. Unless you want to review my 'cleanup' efforts yourself? ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 18:27, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks, but no thanks! :)  FWIW, looking at your recent activity, Wigidonar looks identical before and after your changes.  Were I in your position, I might ping other editors listed in the history for that entry to see if they have any concerns about your change in the formatting of the wikitext.  I only backed out the changes you made at 🇨🇬 because that goes against long-standing editor consensus, and should be discussed with other editors before implementing (and that pattern of including linebreaks in the template calls is used in just about every ZH entry); and at 🇨🇬 because it visibly broke the page (from a reader's perspective, not necessarily the browser's technical perspective).
 * Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:40, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Module:ja-headword&diff=prev&oldid=60059564 was something I'd appreciate a second opinion on though, as it seemingly resolved a 'misnesting' error on over 70.000 pages! (The Job queue hasn't caught up yet.) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 18:50, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I think your fix on Wigidonar looked appropriate. The formatting before the fix looks odd to me. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:04, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Your over at Module:ja-headword looks good to me, as best I can tell.
 * (As you noted in another edit comment, our Module code is woefully underdocumented, and for some reason our coding conventions even recommend against adding comments to document the code inline -- something I think is a fundamental mistake, but there you go. I'm familiar with Jeff Atwood's position as explained in his blog post linked from our coding conventions page.  However, his advice to reduce inline comments as much as possible only works within an idealized situation where everyone working on the code has much more context than we do -- his developers are highly familiar with the code language; all functions and parameters use obvious and self-explanatory names.  We (the Wiktionary editor community) don't have either -- many of us aren't familiar with the Lua language, nor should we assume that everyone new to the project is either; our functions and parameters often don't have obvious and self-explanatory names.)
 * In the meantime, I was playing around with an HTML validator, and while the output of the ruby functions is well-formed, it is not valid HTML, as you noticed with the Lint checker. One key is that apparently the   element requires a   child before any   children, whereas the module consistent outputs   without any  .  I may have also spotted a nesting tag structure error, where a   tag would up in the wrong place (splitting up a   set of elements in a strange way).
 * It would be much safer to deal with markup as actual elements, rather than text strings, but I'm not sure how possible that is with our Lua setup. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 21:41, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Lua has . See Module:zh-dial-map for an example. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 04:05, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

螳臂當車
As you have more competence with CJKV scripts and the templates used, Can you take a look at this and figure out why the quote in the Etymology appears to be malfromed? ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 09:10, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 09:09, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The Nu HTML Checker is an online HTML validator, and this is their output for the 螳臂當車 page.
 * Looks like the most common issue is misuse of, an issue that came up not too long ago, in this thread over in the Beer Parlour: [[Wiktionary:Beer_parlour/2020/June]]
 * It seems like this is a fundamental design flaw in how the MediaWiki back-end interprets wikicode. Consequently, I'm not sure how easy this'll be to fix.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:03, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

水
Hello, I'm not entirely sure why my edit on 水 was reverted - elsewhere in the page it says that the historical kana for すい was すゐ. LittleWhole (talk) 18:35, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ya, an anon from Texas added that mistakenly, but I can't find any sources that list this as historical. It may be ancient, as in, a reading used before the invention of kana, but we have no textual evidence for it.  (For that matter, I'd  to an "ancient" reading, but I think it's safer at this point to just remove it altogether, until and unless we can get cited textual evidence.)
 * As an example, have a look here at the Kotobank page. The top of the page includes a list of readings for the 水 kanji headword, with historical readings in square brackets after the modern ones (where they differ, anyway).  We see みず〔みづ〕 and もい〔もひ〕, but no すい〔すゐ〕.
 * HTH, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 04:47, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * That address was from me, but it wasn't from Texas at all according to your analysis. From the address, it's probably from an AT&T hospot which changes address somehow everyday. The すゐ ancient reading can be found in very old dictionaries, think we've discussed this before... ～ POKéTalker（═◉═） 08:24, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * @POKéTalker, I didn't know that was you. And for me right now, https://www.ip2location.com/demo/2602:306:8054:B620:5486:D528:A934:3C5C is still showing this IP as originating from Dallas, Texas.  Curious if that URL gives you different results?  I didn't think IPs were supposed to move around geographically...
 * The only thread I'm aware of that touches on すゐ is [[User_talk:Poketalker/2019]]. That doesn't go into すゐ or related ～ゐ kana spellings in any detail, however.  And sadly the Heibonsha link you gave there is currently not working for me, with the site giving the following message:

この資料は、著作権の保護期間中か著作権の確認が済んでいない資料のためインターネット公開していません. 閲覧を希望される場合は、国立国会図書館へご来館ください.
 * Re-reading [[:w:ja:ゐ]] and the immediately following section [[:w:ja:ゐ]], I'm inclined to view すゐ etc. not as historical kana, so much as an academic tangent that didn't go anywhere. Considering that no modern sources I've seen include すゐ as an historical kana spelling, I don't think we should either.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:33, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The website that our main geolocation link goes to (www.ip2location.com) has some real holes in its database when it comes to IPv6. Most Comcast addresses are shown as Mt Laurel, NJ, which happens to be Comcast corporate HQ, and AT&T shows more often than not as "Redmond, WA". Because of this, I added an alternate link that Wikipedia was using on their IP contributions pages: whatismyipaddress.com. If you click on the alternate geolocation link for the IP address in question, you'll find that it shows the IP as AT&T U-verse in Montebello, CA (given the way ISPs operate in large urban areas, I suspect "Montebello" isn't just Montebello itself). The main geolocation link is somewhat better for IPv4 and it has much more information about proxies and VPNs, so I haven't changed it. I would advise using the alternate link for IPv6 and the main one for IPv4, but checking both if you need to be certain. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:31, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Are katakana small forms strictly Ainu?
Please look at the contributions of, who has systematically replaced all of the translingual sectios for small-form katakana with Ainu sections. This would only make sense if these were specific to Ainu and not used for any other languages. I started to revert these, but realized I didn't know enough on the subject to be mass-reverting someone's entire contributions without doing a lot of research. Thanks! Chuck Entz (talk) 02:10, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the heads up!
 * Hmm. Some of the small katakana forms might currently be limited in use to just Ainu, or at least in materials we editors are aware of, but 1) some of these have also definitely been used to transcribe Taiwanese (see 台湾語仮名 ("Taiwanese kana"), and 2) I see more and more inventive use of kana in dialectology and other Japanese linguistic pursuits, so defining these as only Ainu would be a mistake, I believe.
 * In other glyph entries, standard MO as I've understood it has been to start with the  section and then list language sections under that -- even if there's currently only one language, as at ά, or even no languages, as at Ϋ.  Does that match with your understanding?
 * Separate but related, needs updating -- it makes no reference to Taiwanese kana, or other usage by academic linguists in Japan.  I'll see if I can do anything useful with the template.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:58, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Deletion of Acela Republican redirect in error
I believe your deletion was in error. The redirect is acceptable under the redirection guidelines, "Sum-of-part terms that are likely to be searched, to the part that the meaning mainly derived from" Purplebackpack89 16:44, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Do you know what "sum-of-part terms" means? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:45, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * An "Acela Republican" could easily be defined in a sum-of-parts manner: a Republican who lives in the Acela region of the country (def. #2 for Acela). <b style="color:#3A003A">Pur</b><b style="color:#800080">ple</b><b style="color:#991C99">back</b><b style="color:#C3C">pack</b><b style="color:#FB0">89</b></b> 19:29, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Were I to search for [[Acela Republican]] and land on the [[Acela]] page, I would be confused. In fact, that's what happened, which prompted me to delete the redirect.
 * If a user searches for a term and finds nothing, that's a clear indicator that we don't have an entry. I strongly believe that this is preferable behavior, as opposed to the user landing on a separate page that does not include the sought-for term.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:22, 26 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Don't you think that deletion out of confusion is a bad approach? Shouldn't you have ascertained why it was the way it was before deleting? <b style="font-family:Verdana"><b style="color:#3A003A">Pur</b><b style="color:#800080">ple</b><b style="color:#991C99">back</b><b style="color:#C3C">pack</b><b style="color:#FB0">89</b></b> 02:33, 26 August 2020 (UTC)
 * In answer to your questions:
 * Don't you think that deletion out of confusion is a bad approach? → No, I don't. If I thought it were a bad approach, I would not have deleted the redirect.
 * Shouldn't you have ascertained why it was the way it was before deleting? → Yes, I did. My initial confusion prompted me to investigate further, and upon comprehending the circumstances and details, I ascertained that this redirect was more likely to confuse other users than to serve any productive use.  And, as I stated above, I strongly believe that users are better served by landing on a Wiktionary does not yet have an entry message, rather than landing on a separate page that does not include the sought-after term.  In software design contexts, I have heard this described as "the principle of least surprise".
 * You appear to assume bad faith and malfeasance on my part. Your accusatory tone is inappropriate.
 * Even as a redirect for a sum-of-parts term, the phrase is composed of the term  modifying the head noun of .  Put another way, an  is a type of .  Redirecting to  instead makes it seem that the term  is somehow the head noun of this phrase, which is both incorrect and confusing.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:03, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Usernames and user pages
If it's a "draft" doesn't it logically follow that it can still be edited? And why do you object to that particular part of the policy? If people want to view previous revisions of a user's talk page, you can always check the history. <b style="font-family:Verdana"><b style="color:#3A003A">Pur</b><b style="color:#800080">ple</b><b style="color:#991C99">back</b><b style="color:#C3C">pack</b><b style="color:#FB0">89</b></b> 01:36, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Editing the page is not an issue. I do note that other editors have discussed proposed changes to policy and draft policy pages, and I did not see any such discussion thread regarding this page.  Perhaps I missed it?   did not appear to add anything substantive.  Rather, it seemed to be an attempt to shore up your contentions in other threads about editorial discretion regarding content on your own talk page -- it appeared to be an attempt at post hoc wikilawyering, and thus appropriate to revert.
 * I realize that this might be upsetting to you. I do not intend to upset you.  I am simply describing what things look like to me.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 07:09, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Whether it's post hoc or not, it's something that I've felt that needed to be in those guidelines for years. There is a discussion open now. <b style="font-family:Verdana"><b style="color:#3A003A">Pur</b><b style="color:#800080">ple</b><b style="color:#991C99">back</b><b style="color:#C3C">pack</b><b style="color:#FB0">89</b></b> 12:40, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * And it DOES bother me that I seem to be the ONLY person who's ever had revisions to his OWN talk page reverted recently. Equinox deletes comments from his page all the time; most recently within the last day or two.  Nobody stops him, nor should they.  Why me? <b style="font-family:Verdana"><b style="color:#3A003A">Pur</b><b style="color:#800080">ple</b><b style="color:#991C99">back</b><b style="color:#C3C">pack</b><b style="color:#FB0">89</b></b> 13:38, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Re: reversions to user Talk pages, I've seen it happen before, albeit rarely; it's not just you. I've generally witnessed reversions if another editor feels like the thread has been altered or deleted in a way that misrepresents or hides content under discussion elsewhere, or if the other editor is party to that thread and takes issue with the deletion.  I'm not sure what happened with your Talk page recently.
 * Thank you for starting the discussion thread. I'll have a look there.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 02:48, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Category on pronunciation with different forms of pitch accent
I’m a little surprised that for the Japanese entries there aren’t categories by the pitch accents, atamadaka, nakadaka, odaka, heiban, etc... the only ones I see is “Japanese terms with IPA” which is alright, but not particularly useful IMO. Shen233 (talk) 01:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

 * My subjective impression is that categorization has not been much of a priority for most of the Japanese editors of late. I agree that categories like what you describe would be useful.  Considering our current pronunciation infrastructure -- specifically,  -- I don't think it would be too difficult to add that in, in an automated fashion, such that all existing entries that include  would be added to the relevant categories without editors having to alter each individual entry.
 * That said, adding such categories would require altering the module(s) referenced by the template., is that something you could handle?  If not, do you know who could?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 08:53, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't have the confidence or the patience to understand Module:ja-pron right now. Sorry.
 * From the edit history, maybe would be interested. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 06:33, 8 October 2020 (UTC)
 * ✗ Naggy Nagumo (talk) 05:04, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

あまり、あまりに、あまりにも
I see how あまりに can be redundant, but contrast with just あまり、 あまりに and the more emphatic あまりにも are used in affirmative sentences, so maybe something worth mentioning? Shen233 (talk) 03:34, 22 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Ya, a usage notes section is probably called for. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 03:40, 22 October 2020 (UTC)

Formatting of non-English definitions
Hello Eirikr, thanks for the note about the formatting of non-English definitions that you recently left me in the editor summary of a change to 音読み. I find interest in learning about all of the intricacies of English Wiktionary norms so I wanted to ask about the one related to this situation. Can you point me to a page, if one exists, with information about the formatting of non-English definitions? The page that I usually go to for similar details, Style guide, doesn't seem to contain such information. Thanks and I hope the best for you. —The Editor's Apprentice (talk) 03:03, 27 October 2020 (UTC)

寒
Hey, did you receive the ping regarding ? ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  19:16, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

Special:Contributions/Haimounten
This user seems to be relying on JLect to produce dialectal entries. You might want to review it. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 06:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Hmm, ya, we also don't have any clear consensus on how to handle dialect / 方言 entries. For some of these, like Ryūkyūan, we treat them as separate languages, in which case they could possibly qualify as LDLs, and we have much laxer constraints.  But if 方言 are treated as non-standard variations of mainstream Japanese, then we need three cites as backing.
 * Beyond that, simply copypasta-ing JLect is poor form. I'll have a look as time allows, but my time is much more limited of late...  Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:42, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

 * also: Special:Contributions/Haimaunten —Suzukaze-c (talk) 00:08, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Inserting % in the Japanese templates
Hi,

If I remember correctly, inserting % in the Japanese templates is now discouraged or not recommended. This IP - Special:Contributions/86.153.213.49 keeps doing it in a large number of entries as in. Should all those be reverted? --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:31, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I've lost track of the current state of the infrastructure with regard to  marking and ruby.  I think Huhu9001 has been the main person working on the modules of late.  For the anon's edits, I haven't seen anything to make me worry, like module errors or incorrect placement, so I've largely been ignoring them.
 * , do you have any insight into  marking and ruby in headword templates like  and ?  Have this anon's edits been safe, or is this aggressive insertion of   marks causing problems?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:46, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

 * It is safe. However, as I can remember, it was User:Nyarukoseijin that opposed this usage, because he had been advocating for using the input of t:ja-kanjitab to separate kana, thus these  were unwanted. I am not quite sure which approach is better and no conclusion has been reached since then as he left Wiktionary later. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 04:25, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Etymology of ぜ
"Appears in the Edo Period as alteration from older zoe, itself likely applied to the stem soe of verb, . See also , ."

I know this is from an 8 year-old edit, but got any source for this? Seems more likely for it to just be a monophthongised variant of ぞえ/ぞい, which itself is an emphatic form of ぞ. Alves9 (talk) 11:20, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

 * , thank you for the message. You've got the right of it.  It's been quite a while and I don't really recall what resources I had to hand back in 2012.  I've  the  entry and added  based on the better resources I have now.  Please have a look.  In particular, if you have any info on dates for when  usage shifted, please add that to the  templates.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:35, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Good edit, but I'm not sure if ぜ could be considered more aggressive than ぞ. It's certainly more "rough"-sounding, but in most situations it seems to like that ぞ could sound more comparatively forceful and threatening (compare 殺すぞ vs 殺すぜ). Another thing to note is the fact that ぜ is often accompanied by a rising tone (sometimes marked by a question mark) and can be used as a soft confirmation kind of particle like Kanto わ (e.g. このケーキは美味いんだぜ？). ぞ could also be used in the same way in a more limited scale, but it at least proves that ぜ's usage hasn't entirely shifted from a softening particle in colloquial speech. I believe definitions 1 and 2 can be merged.
 * Also, for the sake of comparison, there are a lot of other terms in Japanese that follow the same construction pattern of root particle + え/い. I suggest adding them as related terms or in the See also. わえ/わい for わ, かえ/かい/け for か, だえ/だい for だ, are some I can think of immediately. Alves9 (talk) 03:15, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

 * , re: aggressiveness, I was trying to account for the すごみ and ぞんざい mentions in the KDJ definition for ぜ that are missing for ぞ. If that wording sounds 言い過ぎ to you, please adjust.  I'm less familiar with informal speech -- unlike many North American studiers of Japanese, manga and anime were never really my thing, whereas news and politics were more where I found things interesting.  Think Aera instead of Shōnen Jump.
 * Re: related terms, I'm not sure it makes sense to try to account for all the え・い-suffixed or -fused forms on the individual entries -- I think it might work better to gather all of those within the え or い entries instead: centralize the list, so we only have to maintain the data in one place.
 * Cheers, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:22, 25 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the insight. I've changed the wording a bit, mostly to make it more in line with the links you posted. I've also added an entry for and, so feel free to look at them if you've got the time. Alves9 (talk) 22:35, 25 December 2020 (UTC)

Request for checking historical katakana values
Hello,

Could you have a look at the twelfth-century katakana romanizations in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals? My sources were transcribing the katakana in modern (!) Japanese, which is obviously misleading, so I tried to fix them by transcribing as  instead of  and  as  instead of  as would have been the pronunciations of the time period, but is there anything I missed?

Thanks in advance!--Karaeng Matoaya (talk) 12:07, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

 * , re: 4 and the Nichū-reki, any chance that the glyph ナ was corrupted to ト? If the horizontal in ト is closer to actually horizontal, and if the vertical exhibits any leftward bend, it could just be that the left-hand portion of the horizontal bar in ナ was poorly inked, or was somehow otherwise affected.  Similar to your note about 5 and タ vs. ハ.
 * The one for 7 is odd indeed, apparently using hiragana た? Any chance it was hiragana に instead?
 * Your romanizations look good to me. :)  Cheers!  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:28, 25 December 2020 (UTC)

On 믈
Middle Korean high-pitch monosyllables tend to take low pitch before the locative particle -ay. Meanwhile, a high-pitch syllable which is the final syllable of a multi-syllable word never takes low pitch unless demanded by tone sandhi. But some monosyllables, such as mul, always take high pitch even before the locative. So it's often suggested that these irregular monosyllables were originally bisyllabic, which is what Vovin is getting at.--Karaeng Matoaya (talk) 01:26, 17 December 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eirikr/2020


text: bubble pack

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: bubble pack


text: bubble packs

title: bubble packs


text:
sit up and take notice

Verb

 * 1) To start to pay attention suddenly.

Synonyms

 * prick up one's ears

title: sit up and take notice


text:
duam

Verb

 * 1) ; “we want”, “we love”

title: duam


text:
Buchmanite

Noun

 * 1) A supporter of  (1878–1961), Protestant Christian evangelist who founded the Oxford Group.

title: Buchmanite


text: Buchmanites

title: Buchmanites


text:
ოფი

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) black poplar

title: ოფი


text:
Talk:rispondere picche

Did you mean to rfd this page? Ultimateria (talk) 19:16, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Replying to Ultimateria, yes, I would've liked to add this page to these requests. HeliosX (talk) 01:40, 15 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Sense 1 is idiomatic and I think we should keep it. If you want to nominate sense 2, feel free to add and add it to RFDN, but it should go in its own section if you do. Ultimateria (talk) 03:16, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

RFD discussion: January–March 2020
Regarding its sense about card games, it may be a sum of parts. HeliosX (talk) 16:07, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The card term means “spades”, so if rispondere picche means “to answer clubs ”, it is part of a highly un-SOPpy secret language.  --Lambiam 22:47, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Does the idiomatic sense derive from the card-game sense? If so, it would be nice to record that fact in an Etymology section. Otherwise, we can use &lit for the card-game sense. --Lambiam 22:55, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * According to the Italian Wiktionary, just picche! can be used as an interjection with the meaning “absolutely not!”. --Lambiam 23:10, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I can’t think of a plausible relation with card play. Perhaps the sense of refusal comes from the gesture you see in this clip from Amadeus at 1:38–1:39, when the guards cross their pikes to refuse entrance to Mozart. --Lambiam 23:27, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Deleting this, though somewhat out of process, because I think it's a mistake. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:06, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:rispondere picche


text:
felurit

Etymology
Past participle of, now otherwise unused.

Adjective

 * 1)  various, different

title: felurit


text: buddy pod

title: buddy pod


text: buddy pack

title: buddy pack


text: buddy pods

title: buddy pods


text: buddy packs

title: buddy packs


text:
leucoblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  of or pertaining to leukoblasts

title: leucoblastico


text:
terrain de chasse

Noun

 * 1) hunting ground

title: terrain de chasse


text: leucoblastici

title: leucoblastici


text: leucoblastiche

title: leucoblastiche


text: leucoblastica

title: leucoblastica


text:
salle de séjour

Noun

 * 1) living room, sitting-room

title: salle de séjour


text:
ոփի

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

found only in a medieval dictionary translating Arabic may be unrelated or may result from confusion. It is usually assumed that transcribes, but perhaps it should be understood as  or.

Noun

 * 1) poplar, aspen,  white poplar,
 * 2) laurel, Laurus (?)
 * 1) laurel, Laurus (?)
 * 1) laurel, Laurus (?)

title: ոփի


text:
disco-

Etymology
From, reflecting a New Latin , from Latin (whence also English , , and ).

Prefix

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a disc.
 * 2) Disc-shaped.

Etymology
See.

Prefix

 * 1)  disc
 * 2) disc-shaped

title: disco-


text:
discoblastico

Etymology
From it.

Adjective

 * 1)  discoblastic

title: discoblastico


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with disco-


text:
Bukharinite

Noun

 * 1) A supporter of  (1888–1938), Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet Union politician.

title: Bukharinite


text: Bukharinites

title: Bukharinites


text: discoblastici

title: discoblastici


text: discoblastiche

title: discoblastiche


text: discoblastica

title: discoblastica


text: Category:Mixtec languages

title: Category:Mixtec languages


text: Category:English terms derived from Mixtec languages


text:
sitting member

Noun

 * 1) a current member of parliament.

title: sitting member


text: Category:Terms derived from Mixtec languages


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-tu

Usage notes

 * This suffix was generally attached to cardinal numerals in order to directly modify almost any noun.
 * However, was generally not counted with this classifier, instead  was used. Hence,  would be suffixed to create.

Descendants

 * Northern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Northern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:
 * Southern Ryukyuan:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-tu


text:
lepidoblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  characterized by metamorphic rocks, with abundance of siliceous minerals with a lamellate surface

title: lepidoblastico


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with lepido-


text: lepidoblastici

title: lepidoblastici


text: lepidoblastiche

title: lepidoblastiche


text: lepidoblastica

title: lepidoblastica


text: Category:xcl:Willows and poplars

title: Category:xcl:Willows and poplars


text: Category:xcl:Laurel family plants

title: Category:xcl:Laurel family plants


text:
wencheth

Etymology
From.

title: wencheth


text: linfoblasti

title: linfoblasti


text:
linfoblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) lymphoblastic

title: linfoblastico


text: linfoblastici

title: linfoblastici


text: linfoblastiche

title: linfoblastiche


text: linfoblastica

title: linfoblastica


text: uigurs

title: uigurs


text:
rabdo-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) rhabdo-

title: rabdo-


text:
sitting tenant

Noun

 * 1)  A tenant who is already in occupation of a premises, especially when there is a change of owner. The tenant is not evicted when the property is sold to a new owner.

title: sitting tenant


text:
কেদারা

Etymology
, from, from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) a chair

title: কেদারা


text:
nunca segundas partes fueron buenas

Etymology
From.

Phrase

 * 1) sequels are never any good

title: nunca segundas partes fueron buenas


text:
rabdomioblasto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  rhabdomyoblast

title: rabdomioblasto


text: uzbekes

title: uzbekes


text:
rabdomioblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  rhabdomyoblastic

title: rabdomioblastico


text: rabdomioblastici

title: rabdomioblastici


text: rabdomioblastiche

title: rabdomioblastiche


text: rabdomioblastica

title: rabdomioblastica


text: rabdomioblasti

title: rabdomioblasti


text:
on one's conscience

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) making somebody feel guilty.

Translations

 * Finnish: omallatunnollaan
 * French:
 * Polish: na sumieniu

title: on one's conscience


text:
angioblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  angioblastic

title: angioblastico


text: angioblastici

title: angioblastici


text: angioblastiche

title: angioblastiche


text: angioblastica

title: angioblastica


text:
Thesaurus:to smile

Noun
(intransitive)

Related terms

 * Thesaurus:laugh
 * Thesaurus:mouth

title: Thesaurus:to smile


text: Kings Heath

title: Kings Heath


text:
guilt complex

Noun

 * 1)  A persistent or excessive sense of guilt.
 * 2)  A persistent belief that one has done something wrong or will attempt to do something wrong.

title: guilt complex


text: King's Heath

title: King's Heath


text:
mielo-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) myelo-

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1) myelo-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) myelo-

title: mielo-


text:
mieloblasto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  myeloblast

Etymology
, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  myeloblast

title: mieloblasto


text: filing tray

title: filing tray


text: mieloblasti

title: mieloblasti


text:
mieloblastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  myeloblastic

title: mieloblastico


text: mieloblastici

title: mieloblastici


text: mieloblastiche

title: mieloblastiche


text: mașini

title: mașini


text: mieloblastica

title: mieloblastica


text:
filing clerk

Noun

 * 1)  An office worker whose chief responsibility is filing documents.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:

title: filing clerk


text: file clerk

title: file clerk


text:
Talk:multiple expansion

Why would a company's stock double due to multiple expansion if it's profit did not increase?

title: Talk:multiple expansion


text:
lingou

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ingot

title: lingou


text:
bunny dip

Noun

 * 1) A maneuver in which a bunny girl gracefully leans backward while bending at the knees with the left knee lifted and tucked behind the right leg, allowing her to serve drinks etc. while keeping her low-cut costume in place.

title: bunny dip


text: bunny dips

title: bunny dips


text:
burn bag

Noun

 * 1) A bag for securely holding sensitive or classified documents which are to be destroyed by fire or pulping after a certain period of time.

title: burn bag


text: burn bags

title: burn bags


text:
Talk:vider les couilles

? Canonicalization (talk) 20:30, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:vider les couilles


text:
bored stiff

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely bored.

title: bored stiff


text: lingouri

title: lingouri


text:
office landscape

Noun

 * 1) A form of open-plan office space promoted in the early 1950s, typically having irregular geometry and organic circulation patterns.

title: office landscape


text: office landscapes

title: office landscapes


text:
Mouldsworth

Proper noun

 * , mostly of older usage.
 * , mostly of older usage.

title: Mouldsworth


text:
entendre des voix

Verb

 * 1) to hear things, to hear voices

title: entendre des voix


text:
bus-stop flight

Noun

 * 1)  A regular short-haul flight that carries passengers.

title: bus-stop flight


text: bus-stop flights

title: bus-stop flights


text:
Talk:on one's conscience

Should possibly be moved to, but then it won't fit with have on one's conscience. Or maybe create ? Canonicalization (talk) 20:44, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:on one's conscience


text: Kelsall

title: Kelsall


text:
on one's honor

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  expected to do what one has promised, expected to uphold one's promise.
 * 1)  expected to do what one has promised, expected to uphold one's promise.

title: on one's honor


text:
nopeuspelaaja

Noun

 * 1) speedrunner

title: nopeuspelaaja


text: sealing off

title: sealing off


text: seals off

title: seals off


text: buyoff

title: buyoff


text: buyoffs

title: buyoffs


text:
telhető

Adjective

 * 1) doable, manageable, accomplishable on behalf of someone, as much as one's powers suffice, as much as one is possibly capable

Noun

 * 1) that which one can possibly do, manage or accomplish; one's best on behalf of someone

Usage notes
The noun is usually used with the verb.

title: telhető


text: telhetőt

title: telhetőt


text: FEBA

title: FEBA


text: FEBAs

title: FEBAs


text:
polttaa päreensä

Verb

 * 1)  to blow a gasket, lose one's temper, fly off the handle

Conjugation

 * See.
 * It also receives a possessive suffix:

title: polttaa päreensä


text:
derűlátás

Noun

 * 1) optimism a tendency to expect the best, or at least, a favourable outcome

title: derűlátás


text: do the honor

title: do the honor


text: do the honour

title: do the honour


text:
feevee

Noun

 * 1)  Pay TV.

title: feevee


text: RAOC

title: RAOC


text:
User:PUC/English red links

on one's own merits

 * on one's own merits, on one's merits, on its own merits, on its merits

on one's own authority

 * on one's own authority, on their own authority

get something into one's head

 * get into one's head, get it into one's head

title: User:PUC/English red links


text:
First Australian

Noun

 * 1) An Aboriginal.

title: First Australian


text: First Australians

title: First Australians


text:
hernekärsäkäs

Noun

 * 1) Any weevil of the genus Sitona, many of which are agricultural pests specializing in legumes.

title: hernekärsäkäs


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/ncúɪ́

Etymology
Cognates outside Bantu include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 (from 🇨🇬)

Noun

 * 1) fish

Descendants

 * Proto-Jarawan: *Nci

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/ncúɪ́


text:
first olive out of the bottle

Noun

 * 1) An initial obstacle or hindrance, preventing further progress until it is dealt with.

title: first olive out of the bottle


text: first olive out of the jar

title: first olive out of the jar


text:
Talk:boilerplate

anodyne and boilerplate
What does it mean and how popular this idiom is? Does it worth inclusion? --Dignitee (talk) 21:48, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:boilerplate


text:
Talk:first olive out of the bottle

Rephrase?
I am not totally happy with this construction/definition because really the first olive in the bottle is the obstruction, and getting it out is the resolution; that is, a phrase like "getting the first olive out of the bottle" cannot be restated as "getting the initial obstruction". Equinox ◑ 21:50, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:first olive out of the bottle


text:
игъэхъон

Verb

 * 1) to pour/fill (in) (liquid)
 * Псы апчым къэсфигъахъу — Pour water into the glass for me.
 * Псы бащэ апчым ебэгъахъо — You pour too much water into the glass.
 * Бензин кум игъэхъон — To fill the car with gas.
 * Кӏалэм бэнзин имашинэ регъахъо — The boy is filling his car with gas.
 * Апчым игъахъу псы — Fill the glass with water.
 * 1) to make something appear inside something

title: игъэхъон


text: fitting up

title: fitting up


text: fits up

title: fits up


text: fitted up

title: fitted up


text: Five Mile High Club

title: Five Mile High Club


text:
virtigli

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1)  authentic, real, genuine

title: virtigli


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/suflą

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) entremets
 * 2) viands

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/suflą


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/suflijaną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to furnish with sowl

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/suflijaną


text:
mpfuu

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: mpfuu


text: bull-speak

title: bull-speak


text: bull-speaks

title: bull-speaks


text:
dühít

Verb

 * 1)  to anger, exasperate, enrage, infuriate to make someone angry

title: dühít


text: bull-speaking

title: bull-speaking


text: bull-spoke

title: bull-spoke


text: bull-spoken

title: bull-spoken


text:
equilicuá

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1) an exclamation used when indicating agreement or when finding a solution

title: equilicuá


text:
dűl

Etymology
See.

title: dűl


text:
米迦勒

Proper noun

 * 1)  Michael

title: 米迦勒


text:
egyenetlenség

Noun

 * 1)  unevenness, roughness, irregularity, wrinkle
 * 2)  dissension, discord, disagreement, contention

title: egyenetlenség


text:
Talk:lewd

RFV discussion: December 2019–January 2020
Newly added verb: "(Internet slang, transitive) To produce pornography or other sexually suggestive content of." Equinox ◑ 03:05, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

 * , apparently not very common unless Google is hiding results. however, 4chan archive Desuarchive currently returns precisely 150 pages of results for the phrase, reaching all the way back to 2012: "PLEASE do not lewd the ". —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 21:26, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

RFV-failed I can believe it is a 4chan thing, but it does not seem to have spread any wider. There is, at least a similar meaning (to express lust). Kiwima (talk) 18:47, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

modern predominant usage (online) as calque of Japanese 淫
「エッチな」を意味する英単語 sexy / erotic / naughty / lewd の使い分け (screenshots of Google Images results; NSFW) —Fish bowl (talk) 04:38, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:lewd


text: Category:ga:Brown algae

title: Category:ga:Brown algae


text:
toffelhjälte

Etymology
Compound of. From the expression.

Noun

 * 1) a husband who plays a subordinate role in a marriage; an uxorious husband; a henpecked man

title: toffelhjälte


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/rúxš

Etymology

 * probably from (compare 🇨🇬), from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  barley

Descendants

 * Northeastern Iranian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/rúxš


text: kūtain

title: kūtain


text:
ri-kūta

Noun

 * 1) a guitarist

title: ri-kūta


text: Nantas

title: Nantas


text: vedeš

title: vedeš


text: robbain

title: robbain


text: Estrasborg

title: Estrasborg


text:
ri-robba

Noun

 * 1) a flautist
 * 2) a trumpeter

title: ri-robba


text: Montpelhièr

title: Montpelhièr


text: Sant Estève

title: Sant Estève


text: Tolon

title: Tolon


text:
ri-piano

Noun

 * 1) a pianist

title: ri-piano


text: Grenòble

title: Grenòble


text: baeoliinin

title: baeoliinin


text: Angieus

title: Angieus


text: o̧kwōnin

title: o̧kwōnin


text:
ri-o̧kwōn

Noun

 * 1) an organist

title: ri-o̧kwōn


text: uklelein

title: uklelein


text:
ri-uklele

Noun

 * 1) a ukulele player

title: ri-uklele


text: Otford

title: Otford


text:
phallati

Verb

 * 1) to bear fruit

Adjective

 * , present participle of the verb above

title: phallati


text: ajein

title: ajein


text:
ri-aje

Noun

 * 1) a drummer

title: ri-aje


text:
elfojthatatlan

Adjective

 * 1) irrepressible, unsuppressible

title: elfojthatatlan


text:
wōtbai

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a scooter
 * 2) a motorcycle
 * 3) a motorbike

title: wōtbai


text: wōtbaiin

title: wōtbaiin


text:
ri-wōtbai

Noun

 * 1) a scooter rider
 * 2) a motorcyclist
 * 3) a motorbiker

title: ri-wōtbai


text:
otobai

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a scooter
 * 2) a motorcycle
 * 3) a motorbike

title: otobai


text:
hacer de cuenta

Verb

 * 1)  to pretend

title: hacer de cuenta


text:
Jacobinize

Verb

 * 1)  To convert to Jacobinism; to radicalize in opposition to the government.

title: Jacobinize


text: Jacobinizes

title: Jacobinizes


text: Jacobinizing

title: Jacobinizing


text: Jacobinized

title: Jacobinized


text: jacobinising

title: jacobinising


text: jacobinised

title: jacobinised


text:
jem̧ar

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , , from , from , from , oblique of.

Noun

 * 1) summer
 * 2) a summer vacation

title: jem̧ar


text: Jacobinise

title: Jacobinise


text: Jacobinises

title: Jacobinises


text: Jacobinising

title: Jacobinising


text: Jacobinised

title: Jacobinised


text:
tuean̄

Noun

 * 1) northern part

title: tuean̄


text:
tuen̄

Noun

 * 1) northern part

title: tuen̄


text:
frauga

Etymology
From, from a , a metathetic form of. Doublet of the borrowing and of, from French. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) forge; furnace

title: frauga


text:
frágoa

Etymology
From, from a , a metathetic form of. Doublet of the borrowing and of, from French. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) forge; furnace

title: frágoa


text:
tuiōn̄

Noun

 * 1) northern part

title: tuiōn̄


text:
buddy memory allocation

Noun

 * 1)  A form of memory allocation that divides memory into partitions to try to satisfy a memory request as suitably as possible.

title: buddy memory allocation


text: Citations:gaslit

title: Citations:gaslit


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/ngòmbè

Noun

 * 1) cow/ox, cattle

Descendants

 * Central western Bantu
 * Njila
 * West Coastal Bantu
 * Luban
 * East Bantu
 * Northeast Bantu:
 * Great Lakes Bantu
 * Thagiicu:
 * Northeast Coast Bantu:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * East Bantu
 * Northeast Bantu:
 * Great Lakes Bantu
 * Thagiicu:
 * Northeast Coast Bantu:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * Northeast Coast Bantu:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * Nyasa:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * Southern Bantu
 * Makua:
 * Makua:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/ngòmbè


text:
ferreiría

Etymology
Attested since circa 1300. . Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  smithery, forge workshop
 * 2)  smithery the trade or craft of a smith
 * 1)  smithery the trade or craft of a smith

title: ferreiría


text:
nahlas

Adverb

 * 1) aloud, out loud using one's voice
 * 2) loudly at a high volume

title: nahlas


text:
forxar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to forge to shape a metal
 * 2) to forge to create a forgery of

title: forxar


text:
kennel-raker

Noun

 * 1)  A poor unskilled menial laborer who has no steady employment.

title: kennel-raker


text: kennel-rakers

title: kennel-rakers


text: kennel raker

title: kennel raker


text: kennel rakers

title: kennel rakers


text:
蝥弧

Noun

 * 1)  a type of flag in ancient China

title: 蝥弧


text: Category:en:Kent, England

title: Category:en:Kent, England


text:
Mitford

Etymology
From either +, thus "the middle ford", or from  + , "the meeting ford", to denote the village situated where the rivers Font and Wansbeck meet.

title: Mitford


text: Category:Villages in Kent, England

title: Category:Villages in Kent, England


text: Category:Kent, England

title: Category:Kent, England


text: unavovat

title: unavovat


text:
Plum Book

Etymology
From the color of its cover, and perhaps a pun on.

Proper noun

 * 1)  , a publication listing presidentially appointed positions within the federal government.

title: Plum Book


text: stůj

title: stůj


text: SUD

title: SUD


text: SUDs

title: SUDs


text:
suicide squad

Etymology
An allusion to the risk of injury.

Noun

 * 1)  A unit assigned to a particularly risky task.

title: suicide squad


text: suicide squads

title: suicide squads


text:
Dashboard

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  dashboard

title: Dashboard


text: subclipping

title: subclipping


text: subclipped

title: subclipped


text: Dashboards

title: Dashboards


text: Category:Cebu Cebuano

title: Category:Cebu Cebuano


text:
sync up

Verb

 * 1)  To synchronize (footage) so that the audio and video components play together in correct alignment.

Usage notes

 * is sometimes encountered as a past participle, by confusion with.

title: sync up


text: sunk up

title: sunk up


text: Category:Municipalities of Austria

title: Category:Municipalities of Austria


text: Category:Municipalities of Lower Austria


text: Category:Municipalities of Upper Austria


text: Category:Municipalities of Tyrol

title: Category:Municipalities of Tyrol


text: Category:Municipalities of Styria

title: Category:Municipalities of Styria


text: Category:Municipalities of Burgenland

title: Category:Municipalities of Burgenland


text: Category:Municipalities of Germany

title: Category:Municipalities of Germany


text: Category:Municipalities of Vorarlberg

title: Category:Municipalities of Vorarlberg


text: Category:Towns in Croatia

title: Category:Towns in Croatia


text: Category:Villages in North Yorkshire, England


text: Category:Municipalities of Salzburg

title: Category:Municipalities of Salzburg


text: Category:Towns in Lazio

title: Category:Towns in Lazio


text: Category:Municipalities of Carinthia

title: Category:Municipalities of Carinthia


text: Category:Villages in Cumbria, England

title: Category:Villages in Cumbria, England


text: Category:Villages in Norfolk, England

title: Category:Villages in Norfolk, England


text: Category:Villages in Shropshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Somerset, England

title: Category:Villages in Somerset, England


text: Category:Villages in Lancashire, England


text: Category:Towns in Greater Manchester, England


text: Category:Cities in Sicily

title: Category:Cities in Sicily


text: Category:Towns in North Dakota, USA

title: Category:Towns in North Dakota, USA


text: Category:Municipalities of Canada

title: Category:Municipalities of Canada


text: Category:Towns in Burma

title: Category:Towns in Burma


text: Category:Villages in Devon, England

title: Category:Villages in Devon, England


text: Category:Villages in Hampshire, England

title: Category:Villages in Hampshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Derbyshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Northumberland, England


text: Category:Villages in Suffolk, England

title: Category:Villages in Suffolk, England


text: Category:Villages in Lincolnshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Northamptonshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Staffordshire, England


text: Category:Villages in West Yorkshire, England


text: Category:Towns in Sicily

title: Category:Towns in Sicily


text: Category:Villages in Buckinghamshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Cheshire, England

title: Category:Villages in Cheshire, England


text: Category:Rivers in Emilia-Romagna

title: Category:Rivers in Emilia-Romagna


text: Category:Villages in Gloucestershire, England


text: Category:Towns in Essex, England

title: Category:Towns in Essex, England


text: Category:Villages in Wiltshire, England

title: Category:Villages in Wiltshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Worcestershire, England


text: Category:Rivers in Europe

title: Category:Rivers in Europe


text: Category:Villages in Cambridgeshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Essex, England

title: Category:Villages in Essex, England


text: Category:Villages in Oxfordshire, England


text: Category:Counties of Croatia

title: Category:Counties of Croatia


text: Category:Cities in Bavaria

title: Category:Cities in Bavaria


text: Category:Villages in Leicestershire, England


text: Category:Towns in Campania

title: Category:Towns in Campania


text: Category:Towns in Cornwall, England

title: Category:Towns in Cornwall, England


text: Category:Towns in Hampshire, England

title: Category:Towns in Hampshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Nottinghamshire, England


text: Category:Rivers in Veneto

title: Category:Rivers in Veneto


text: Category:Towns in Tuscany

title: Category:Towns in Tuscany


text: Category:Towns in Veneto

title: Category:Towns in Veneto


text: Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg

title: Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg


text: Category:Towns in Kent, England

title: Category:Towns in Kent, England


text: Category:Villages in Berkshire, England

title: Category:Villages in Berkshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Dorset, England

title: Category:Villages in Dorset, England


text: Category:Rivers in Tuscany

title: Category:Rivers in Tuscany


text: Category:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia


text: Category:Towns in Devon, England

title: Category:Towns in Devon, England


text: Category:Towns in Hertfordshire, England


text: Category:Towns in Surrey, England

title: Category:Towns in Surrey, England


text: Category:Villages in County Durham, England


text: Category:Villages in West Sussex, England


text: Category:Rivers in Piedmont

title: Category:Rivers in Piedmont


text: Category:Rivers in Sicily

title: Category:Rivers in Sicily


text: Category:Towns in Emilia-Romagna

title: Category:Towns in Emilia-Romagna


text: Category:Towns in Marche

title: Category:Towns in Marche


text: Category:Towns in Umbria

title: Category:Towns in Umbria


text: Category:Towns in Lancashire, England

title: Category:Towns in Lancashire, England


text: Category:Rivers in Lombardy

title: Category:Rivers in Lombardy


text: Category:Villages in Bedfordshire, England


text: Category:Villages in Cornwall, England

title: Category:Villages in Cornwall, England


text: Category:Villages in Hertfordshire, England


text: Category:Towns in Lombardy

title: Category:Towns in Lombardy


text: Category:Districts of England

title: Category:Districts of England


text: Category:Towns in Somerset, England

title: Category:Towns in Somerset, England


text: Category:Villages in Surrey, England

title: Category:Villages in Surrey, England


text: Category:Villages in Warwickshire, England