text:
tuolinpäällinen

Noun

 * 1) a chair cover

title: tuolinpäällinen


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Lingala

Older discussion
The original content of this page, which was not really an "about" page so much as a collection of older discussion, is here: WT:About Lingala/Old. Much of the discussion there concerns points like orthography that are still relevant, and should be discussed here. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 14:21, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

Available Templates
I've just been adding quite a few entries that I'm coming across, mainly with help from Wiktionary en français. I had been using Template:head all this time, but now I see we have Template:ln-noun and Template:ln-noun-form. No verb one is available yet. There is no documentation for any of them at the moment. Michael Ly (talk) 10:20, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Using Template:plural of will be useful too. Michael Ly (talk) 11:00, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

 * ? —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 05:25, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the ping., I can help creating and standardising templates. Although I haven't studied Lingala, I have studied other Bantu languages and a lot of the infrastructure should be relatively easy to adapt. Making a new version of that can predict plurals and handle some more complexity seems like a top priority to me. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 11:15, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * , I have created as a replacement for . Please test it out and see what you think. Class 11 was especially problematic; I was unsure of which plural class to have as the default, because it seems to vary, and I don't think its autogenerated plural is 100% correct for class 10 plurals. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 12:29, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Will have a good root around my list for appropriate test cases when I have time later on. Thanks for the template! Michael Ly (talk) 13:26, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

 * . I have just "created" the template, although it's pretty manual [basically forces you to input all of the relevant forms]. Completely copied off the French Wiktionary's one, but it seems without any of the style. Feel free to edit it and change it round. I shall be using it for any adjectives and some prepositions that I come across. Michael Ly (talk) 15:47, 26 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Manual is always bad. We can do better (and we can do it in a more aesthetically pleasing table). I can adapt to make a Lingala version, but you'll have to give me the rules or wait for me to dig them up from the materials I have. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:13, 26 June 2018 (UTC)
 * : Sure. As far as I know, the actual number of declinable words in Lingala is very small. However, in classical Lingala it's quite simple; the noun class prefix is used for declinable adjectives and for the particle ya, with some small differences to do with assimilation (mo- become mw- before a is the only one I remember). Michael Ly (talk) 14:48, 27 June 2018 (UTC)

Verb sorting
How does one allow sorting by root? Everything is under k- as infinitive forms are under ko- in Lingala usually. Should we adopt the French Wiktionary's convention of having dash then root? --Michael Ly (talk) 11:19, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Verbs should all be entered under the root, without putting the hyphen in the pagename. This is our custom for all Bantu languages; see for example. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 11:12, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That would mean we need to do so. Michael Ly (talk) 11:57, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅. I also created for the infinitive forms; see  for an example of how to use it. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 12:03, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much ! Very helpful. And thanks for your guidance too! 13:21, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Did you see the section above as well? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 13:23, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

Class 11/10: plurals, nasals and orthography
My knowledge of Bantu historical morpho-phonology is pretty much non-existent... but class 11/10 nouns bring up certain issues, which intersect with the orthography issue of pre-nasalised consonants.

, the template does not remove the nasal consonant of lompɛ́tɛ́ to produce mpɛ́tɛ́ (instead producing *nmpɛ́tɛ́). I'd imagine the spelling lopɛ́tɛ́ (which is more common) would have produced the correct plural. Compare lokásá (which I actually hadn't realised was lonkásá in a more specified orthography), which produces nkásá correctly.

So basically, if we go for "maximally specified orthography", 11/10 nouns just lop off the lo-. If we go for "most common modern orthography", it needs to put the correct (homorganic) nasal on. Would it be robust enough to do both?

As we have decided to favour lompɛ́tɛ́ over lopɛ́tɛ́, and lonkásá over lokásá, I'll change these back. However, would it be worth having redirects for all of these non pre-nasalised versions?

Michael Ly (talk) 12:10, 13 June 2018 (UTC)
 * , thank you for testing it and bringing up some interesting points. I have a good knowledge of Bantu historical morphology and a poor knowledge of Lingala in particular (I just started studying from the FSI manual to get up to speed), so this input is very helpful. Here are my thoughts:
 * 1. I think it should be robust enough to do both. I'll make some changes in a few minutes and you can test it out again, ideally on every possible initial consonant.
 * 2. I see the original forms, with the prenasalised consonants, as being the best to lemmatise under, but we should have the other ones as soft redirects. The best way to do that is to have the definition line show to point readers to the main entry. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 13:37, 13 June 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wiktionary talk:About Lingala


text:
等比

Noun

 * 1)  equal ratio

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to geometric series; geometric

title: 等比


text:
算術平均數

Noun

 * 1)  arithmetic mean

title: 算術平均數


text:
tuolinselkä

Noun

 * 1) back of a chair

title: tuolinselkä


text: 等差中项

title: 等差中项


text:
tuolinselkämys

Noun

 * 1) back of a chair

title: tuolinselkämys


text:
tuolinselus

Noun

 * 1) back of a chair

title: tuolinselus


text:
等差中項

Noun

 * 1)  arithmetic mean

title: 等差中項


text:
tuolinselusta

Noun

 * 1) back of a chair

title: tuolinselusta


text:
等差

Noun

 * 1)  equal difference (between numbers)

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to arithmetic series; arithmetic

Noun

 * 1)  equal difference (between numbers)

title: 等差


text:
motéma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) heart
 * 2) character, personality
 * 3) courage

title: motéma


text:
tuolirivi

Noun

 * 1) a row of chairs

title: tuolirivi


text: 加权平均数

title: 加权平均数


text:
加權平均數

Noun

 * 1)  weighted average

title: 加權平均數


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tū́ˀsantis

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1) thousand

Descendants

 * East Baltic:
 * West Baltic:
 * West Baltic:
 * West Baltic:


text: mitéma

title: mitéma


text:
Annaeus

Proper noun

 * 1) a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
 * , a Roman rhetorician
 * , a Roman poet

title: Annaeus


text:
keittiötuoli

Noun

 * 1) kitchen chair

title: keittiötuoli


text:
kiikkutuoli

Noun

 * 1) rocking chair

title: kiikkutuoli


text:
賠率

Noun

 * 1)  odds

title: 賠率


text: 赔率

title: 赔率


text:
korituoli

Noun

 * 1) wicker chair

title: korituoli


text:
rideout

Noun

 * 1) A group outing in which members of a motorcycle club follow the same route.

title: rideout


text: rideouts

title: rideouts


text:
kultatuoli

Noun

 * 1)  a seat formed by several hands for someone to sit on and be carried

title: kultatuoli


text:
User talk:77.199.96.140

Please try to avoid political usage examples (e.g. stuff about Brexit). Keep it neutral. Equinox ◑ 11:28, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Although that millennium bug one seems to be an example of a new, abstract sense which we don't currently have. Probably should move to the citations page. - TheDaveRoss  11:31, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:77.199.96.140


text:
lepakkotuoli

Noun

 * 1) butterfly chair

title: lepakkotuoli


text: omniwheel

title: omniwheel


text: omniwheels

title: omniwheels


text:
散布圖

Noun

 * 1)  scatter plot

title: 散布圖


text: omni wheels

title: omni wheels


text: 散布图

title: 散布图


text:
割線

Noun

 * 1)  secant line

title: 割線


text: 割线

title: 割线


text:
科學記法

Noun

 * 1)  scientific notation

title: 科學記法


text:
nimikkotuoli

Noun

 * 1) a named and reserved chair in a theater or concert hall for example one that is named after and reserved to a specific person or a specific company

title: nimikkotuoli


text: 科学记法

title: 科学记法


text:
ohjaajantuoli

Noun

 * 1) director's chair

title: ohjaajantuoli


text:
開獎

Verb

 * 1) to draw a lottery and announce the winner

title: 開獎


text: 开奖

title: 开奖


text:
telttatuoli

Noun

 * 1) camping chair or camping stool

title: telttatuoli


text:
扇形

Noun

 * 1)  circular sector shape

Noun

 * 1)  circular sector shape

title: 扇形


text:
pallotuoli

Noun

 * 1) ball chair, Ball Chair

Usage notes
An authentic Ball Chair is usually capitalized as.

title: pallotuoli


text:
parturintuoli

Noun

 * 1) barber chair, barber's chair

title: parturintuoli


text:
pottatuoli

Noun

 * 1) potty chair

title: pottatuoli


text:
nzelá

Etymology
From. The tone pattern is irregular and may be borrowed from 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) road, way

title: nzelá


text:
有效數字

Noun

 * 1)  significant figure

title: 有效數字


text: dœma

title: dœma


text:
puutarhatuoli

Noun

 * 1) lawn chair, garden chair chair designed for outdoor use

title: puutarhatuoli


text: 有效数字

title: 有效数字


text:
puutuoli

Noun

 * 1) wooden chair

title: puutuoli


text:
riipputuoli

Noun

 * 1) hammock chair, hanging chair

title: riipputuoli


text:
斜截式

Noun

 * 1)  slope-intercept form (of a linear equation)

title: 斜截式


text:
rippituoli

Noun

 * 1)  confessional small room where confession is performed

title: rippituoli


text:
立體角

Noun

 * 1)  solid angle

title: 立體角


text: 立体角

title: 立体角


text:
rokokootuoli

Noun

 * 1) rococo chair

title: rokokootuoli


text:
旋轉體

Noun

 * 1)  solid of revolution

title: 旋轉體


text: 旋转体

title: 旋转体


text:
rottinkituoli

Noun

 * 1) rattan chair

title: rottinkituoli


text:
saarnatuoli

Noun

 * 1) pulpit raised platform in church

title: saarnatuoli


text:
巷口

Noun

 * 1) entrance of an alley or lane

title: 巷口


text:
safarituoli

Noun

 * 1) Safari chair

Usage notes
Usually capitalized as if talking about an authentic Safari chair.

title: safarituoli


text:
qarşı

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Postposition

 * 1)  against
 * 2)   towards
 * 3)   in front of
 * 1)   towards
 * 2)   in front of
 * 1)   towards
 * 2)   in front of
 * 1)   in front of
 * 1)   in front of

Adjective

 * 1) opposite, counterpart

title: qarşı


text:
carpear

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to fluff up
 * 2)  to card

title: carpear


text:
sapelihammas

Noun

 * 1) sabertooth, sabretooth

title: sapelihammas


text:
kulmakunta

Noun

 * 1) neighborhood, neighbourhood

title: kulmakunta


text:
commetacula

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  rods carried by the flamens during a sacrifice

title: commetacula


text:
nøgenbillede

Noun

 * 1) nude (depiction of a naked human)

title: nøgenbillede


text:
夾擠

Verb

 * 1)  to be squeezed from both sides;  to be impinged

title: 夾擠


text: 夹挤

title: 夹挤


text:
kulmanoja

Noun

 * 1)  L-sit

title: kulmanoja


text:
計分

Verb

 * 1) to calculate the score

title: 計分


text: 计分

title: 计分


text:
kulmariipunta

Noun

 * 1)  L-sit hang

title: kulmariipunta


text:
videograbadora

Noun

 * 1)  VCR;  videocassette recorder

title: videograbadora


text:
escarpear

Etymology
From +.

Verb

 * 1) to fluff up; to untangle
 * 2)  to card

title: escarpear


text:
videograbador

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  VCR; videocassette recorder

title: videograbador


text:
tramitador

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) processor person who processes

title: tramitador


text:
sonsonateco

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  of Sonsonate

Noun

 * 1) someone from Sonsonate

title: sonsonateco


text:
sismológo

Noun

 * 1) seismologist

title: sismológo


text:
kulmasahauslaite

Noun

 * 1) miter box usually one with a saw

title: kulmasahauslaite


text:
三一律

Noun

 * 1) classical unities

title: 三一律


text:
單位圓

Noun

 * 1)  unit circle

title: 單位圓


text: 单位圆

title: 单位圆


text:
單位長

Noun

 * 1)  unit length

title: 單位長


text: 单位长

title: 单位长


text:
miniciudad

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) minicity

title: miniciudad


text:
megraproyecto

Noun

 * 1) huge project

title: megraproyecto


text:
kulmaviivain

Noun

 * 1) set square
 * 2) T-square

title: kulmaviivain


text:
nousukulma

Noun

 * 1) angle of elevation

title: nousukulma


text:
megaplanta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) huge (energy) plant

title: megaplanta


text:
文氏圖

Noun

 * 1)  Venn diagram

title: 文氏圖


text: 文氏图

title: 文氏图


text:
鉛直線

Noun

 * 1) plumb line; vertical line

title: 鉛直線


text: 铅直线

title: 铅直线


text:
takakulma

Noun

 * 1) back corner

title: takakulma


text:
emproblemado

Adjective

 * 1)  troubled; distressed

title: emproblemado


text:
波谷

Noun

 * 1)  wave trough

title: 波谷


text:
波峰

Noun

 * 1)  wave crest

title: 波峰


text: Citations:hereafter

title: Citations:hereafter


text:
curvina

Noun

 * 1) any of a number of fish in the  genus

title: curvina


text:
laskukulma

Noun

 * 1) angle of depression

title: laskukulma


text:
chuco

Adjective

 * 1)  filthy; scummy; dirty

title: chuco


text:
Thread:User talk:Rua/Woe/boe/reply

Please note that Rua is inactive and likely will not respond to this message. As for the issue at hand, I think that the usage example, though suboptimal, is fine. As always, usage examples can be improved by replacing them with quotations from books.

title: Thread:User talk:Rua/Woe/boe/reply


text:
korkeuskulma

Noun

 * 1) altitude angle vertical distance measured angularly, such as of a heavenly body

Usage notes
If the angle is positive, it may also be translated as, while if it is negative, it may also be translated as.

title: korkeuskulma


text:
cañal

Noun

 * 1) small channel (for fish to pass)
 * 2) small gate made of reeds
 * 3) reedbed

title: cañal


text:
epiclintae

Etymology
From, the plural form of.

Noun

 * 1) tremors created by an earthquake

title: epiclintae


text:
yatista

Noun

 * 1) yachter; yachtsperson

title: yatista


text:
rupestrología

Noun

 * 1)  the study of cave art

title: rupestrología


text:
ronero

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  rum

Noun

 * 1) rum distiller

title: ronero


text: Cobulatus

title: Cobulatus


text:
ronera

Noun

 * 1) rum distillery

title: ronera


text:
miccional

Adjective

 * 1) urinary of or relating to urination

title: miccional


text:
homoafectivo

Adjective

 * 1) homoaffective

title: homoafectivo


text:
flujometría

Noun

 * 1) flowmetry

title: flujometría


text:
epidemiológicamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) epidemiologically

title: epidemiológicamente


text:
Cynapses

Proper noun

 * 1) A river that flows into the Black Sea

title: Cynapses


text: espadachinas

title: espadachinas


text:
dobleplay

Noun

 * 1)  double play

title: dobleplay


text:
pregestacional

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) pregestational

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) pregestational

title: pregestacional


text:
ucronía

Noun

 * 1) uchronia
 * 2) alternate history, alternative history
 * 1) alternate history, alternative history

title: ucronía


text:
자비

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) mercy

title: 자비


text: angles of depression

title: angles of depression


text:
ucesista

Adjective

 * 1)  of or supporting the

Noun

 * 1) a member, or supporter, of

title: ucesista


text:
carmear

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to card
 * 2)  to thwack
 * 1)  to thwack

title: carmear


text:
情け

Noun

 * 1) kind heart, humanity, compassion, affection
 * 2) romance, love; love affair, relationship

title: 情け


text:
Maeandropolis

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  situated near the course of the Maeander

title: Maeandropolis


text: boom gates

title: boom gates


text:
tutuma

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a kind of receptacle made of the woody shell of the fruit of the calabash tree

title: tutuma


text:
telúricamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) earthly; in an earthly manner

title: telúricamente


text:
ritualizar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to ritualize

title: ritualizar


text: 循循善诱

title: 循循善诱


text:
循循善誘

Etymology
From the Analects, Book 9 (《論語·子罕》):

Idiom

 * 1) to teach in a systematic and skilful way

title: 循循善誘


text:
настаўнік

Etymology
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) teacher

title: настаўнік


text:
mezquinar

Verb

 * 1) to skimp; be stingy
 * 2) to dodge; get around
 * 3) to let off; let off the hook

title: mezquinar


text:
electoralizar

Verb

 * 1) to politicize; to make into a political agenda

title: electoralizar


text:
desarchivar

Verb

 * 1) to unarchive

title: desarchivar


text:
autobloquearse

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to block oneself

title: autobloquearse


text:
escarmear

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to untangle; to card

title: escarmear


text: terciarizar

title: terciarizar


text: Grzeczkowicz

title: Grzeczkowicz


text: Oliwkiewicz

title: Oliwkiewicz


text:
axiomáticamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) axiomatically

title: axiomáticamente


text: Sempołowicz

title: Sempołowicz


text: Siłakiewicz

title: Siłakiewicz


text: Tomczykiewicz

title: Tomczykiewicz


text: Czernuszewicz

title: Czernuszewicz


text: Jakołcewicz

title: Jakołcewicz


text: Goździkiewicz

title: Goździkiewicz


text: Dziedziniewicz

title: Dziedziniewicz


text: Gasiulewicz

title: Gasiulewicz


text: Wołoszkiewicz

title: Wołoszkiewicz


text: Wronowicz

title: Wronowicz


text: Koziorowicz

title: Koziorowicz


text: Kraszkiewicz

title: Kraszkiewicz


text: Dołomisiewicz

title: Dołomisiewicz


text: Czarnuszewicz

title: Czarnuszewicz


text: Lisikiewicz

title: Lisikiewicz


text: Skórkiewicz

title: Skórkiewicz


text: Szerszenowicz

title: Szerszenowicz


text: Pielaszkiewicz

title: Pielaszkiewicz


text: tutumas

title: tutumas


text: Szukiełowicz

title: Szukiełowicz


text: miccionales

title: miccionales


text: Naszkiewicz

title: Naszkiewicz


text: roneras

title: roneras


text: roneros

title: roneros


text: Trendowicz

title: Trendowicz


text: yatistas

title: yatistas


text:
ветлівы

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) kind, nice, kind-hearted

title: ветлівы


text: Brzoskiewicz

title: Brzoskiewicz


text: Łuszczykiewicz

title: Łuszczykiewicz


text: Nagórniewicz

title: Nagórniewicz


text:
maalsel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) something that has been ground

title: maalsel


text: maalsels

title: maalsels


text: Pachniewicz

title: Pachniewicz


text: maalseltje

title: maalseltje


text:
espelir

Etymology
From. .

Verb

 * 1)  to shake off, to expel
 * 2)  to winnow; to select or separate straw and grass, etc.
 * 3)  to fluff (flax, wool, etc.)
 * 4)  to fluff, to puff up (of dough)
 * 5)  to wake up
 * 6)  to wake up; to wise up
 * 1)  to fluff, to puff up (of dough)
 * 2)  to wake up
 * 3)  to wake up; to wise up
 * 1)  to wake up; to wise up

title: espelir


text: maalseltjes

title: maalseltjes


text:
Sądowicz

Etymology
From.

title: Sądowicz


text: Miszkiewicz

title: Miszkiewicz


text: Staszkiewicz

title: Staszkiewicz


text: Pawlukiewicz

title: Pawlukiewicz


text: Szczechowicz

title: Szczechowicz


text:
탈출

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) escape

title: 탈출


text: Łosiewicz

title: Łosiewicz


text:
lava lambası

Noun

 * 1) lava lamp

title: lava lambası


text:
lavalampa

Noun

 * 1) lava lamp

title: lavalampa


text: Kozłowicz

title: Kozłowicz


text: Żeberkiewicz

title: Żeberkiewicz


text:
by the minute

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) Quickly; apace.

title: by the minute


text: Dobrasiewicz

title: Dobrasiewicz


text: Bątkiewicz

title: Bątkiewicz


text: kunstpausen

title: kunstpausen


text: kunstpausje

title: kunstpausje


text: Piłaszewicz

title: Piłaszewicz


text: Gładkiewicz

title: Gładkiewicz


text: Jasienowicz

title: Jasienowicz


text: Cieplechowicz

title: Cieplechowicz


text: Słomowicz

title: Słomowicz


text: Wielkiewicz

title: Wielkiewicz


text: maşını

title: maşını


text:
masíni

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) machine
 * 2) train

title: masíni


text:
temnospóndilo

Noun

 * 1) temnospondyl

title: temnospóndilo


text:
bordadura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) embroidery

title: bordadura


text:
escábrido

Adjective

 * 1) scabrid

title: escábrido


text:
Schland

Etymology
. First popularised during the 2006 World Cup by entertainer and said to have been coined by him. Perhaps ultimately from a certain popular chant which involves a series of rhythmic claps followed by with strong stress on the second syllable. Compare also or

Proper noun

 * 1)  Germany

title: Schland


text:
chuckleworthy

Adjective

 * 1)  Worth a chuckle; slightly amusing.

title: chuckleworthy


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Indo-European/táwros

Etymology
The Hattians had a bull god of storms called Taru. The Indo-European Hittites absorbed their religion. Then we see Indo-Europeans saying táwros. Just sayin'. Correctrix (talk) 13:31, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * There is no plausible etymological connection. The name of the Hattic god appears to be borrowed from . See Wikipedia. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 23:12, 9 March 2019 (UTC)

Division
, This is a typical division based on accentological data. Gnosandes (talk) 19:50, 10 February 2020 (UTC)


text:
giapé

Etymology
From, metathesis of , contraction of , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to receive, to get, to obtain

title: giapé


text:
ডাঙ্গৰ

Adjective

 * 1) big, large

title: ডাঙ্গৰ


text: 绯红

title: 绯红


text:
緋紅

Adjective

 * 1) scarlet; bright red; crimson

Usage notes
Considered a.

title: 緋紅


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tmɔʔ

Etymology

 * Proto-Austroasiatic: *tmɔʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA086)
 * Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂mɔʔ (Shorto, 2006, #146)

Noun

 * 1) stone

Descendants

 * Aslian: *təmɔʔ (Phillips, 2012)
 * Jah Hut: təmɔːʔ
 * Jahaic:
 * Cheq Wong: təmɔʔ
 * Semelaic:
 * Semaq Beri: tǝmuŋ
 * Semelai: tǝmu
 * (Sidwell, 2011)
 * Bahnaric:
 * (Sidwell, 2005)
 * Kui: tmaw
 * Khasic: *-maaw (Sidwell, 2012)
 * Pnar: mo
 * Khmeric: *tmɔː (Sidwell & Rau, 2015)
 * Mangic:
 * Bolyu: mau¹¹
 * Monic:
 * (Sidwell, 2015)
 * Palaung:
 * Shwe:
 * Sam-Loong:
 * Plang:
 * La Gang: lók.sá.mú
 * Man Noi: sà.mùʔ
 * Riang: sᵊmoʔ²
 * (Sidwell & Rau, 2015)
 * Chong: tʰmoːˀ
 * La Gang: lók.sá.mú
 * Man Noi: sà.mùʔ
 * Riang: sᵊmoʔ²
 * (Sidwell & Rau, 2015)
 * Chong: tʰmoːˀ

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tmɔʔ


text: Gibasiewicz

title: Gibasiewicz


text: Rodziewicz

title: Rodziewicz


text: Czuryszkiewicz

title: Czuryszkiewicz


text:
Andruchowicz

Etymology
A variant of.

title: Andruchowicz


text: Uszkiewicz

title: Uszkiewicz


text:
outfund

Verb

 * 1) To fund more than; to outdo in funding.

title: outfund


text: Młynarkiewicz

title: Młynarkiewicz


text: outfunded

title: outfunded


text: outfunds

title: outfunds


text: outfunding

title: outfunding


text: Steckiewicz

title: Steckiewicz


text: Mikołajewicz

title: Mikołajewicz


text: Świrydowicz

title: Świrydowicz


text: Ziemniewicz

title: Ziemniewicz


text: Kryłowicz

title: Kryłowicz


text: Jarmołowicz

title: Jarmołowicz


text:
Wąsewicz

Etymology
From.

title: Wąsewicz


text: Prześlakiewicz

title: Prześlakiewicz


text: Kraśniewicz

title: Kraśniewicz


text: Watrakiewicz

title: Watrakiewicz


text: Szczepanowicz

title: Szczepanowicz


text: Niekraszewicz

title: Niekraszewicz


text: Witkiewicz

title: Witkiewicz


text:
番椒

Noun

 * 1)  chili pepper
 * , a capsicum chilli, including chili pepper and bell pepper

title: 番椒


text: Citations:boulanger

title: Citations:boulanger


text:
উদ্যোগ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) industry

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) preparation, preparedness, readiness
 * 2) endeavor, effort
 * 3) industry
 * 1) industry

title: উদ্যোগ


text: Citations:catahar

title: Citations:catahar


text: Skrętkowicz

title: Skrętkowicz


text: Wyderkiewicz

title: Wyderkiewicz


text: Citations:toshao

title: Citations:toshao


text: kunstpausjes

title: kunstpausjes


text: Cieślakiewicz

title: Cieślakiewicz


text:
выраз

Etymology 1
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) expression

Etymology 2
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cut, cutting
 * 2) cutout
 * 3) low neck, decollete
 * 4)  excision

title: выраз


text: Nowaczkiewicz

title: Nowaczkiewicz


text: Artysiewicz

title: Artysiewicz


text: Maliszkiewicz

title: Maliszkiewicz


text: Dzwoniarkiewicz

title: Dzwoniarkiewicz


text: Chreptowicz

title: Chreptowicz


text:
выразны

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) expressive

title: выразны


text:
οίδημα

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) edema

title: οίδημα


text: Zuchniewicz

title: Zuchniewicz


text: Żuchniewicz

title: Żuchniewicz


text: emergency departments

title: emergency departments


text: Gątkiewicz

title: Gątkiewicz


text:
Kępkowicz

Etymology
From.

title: Kępkowicz


text: Ośkiewicz

title: Ośkiewicz


text: Topolewicz

title: Topolewicz


text: Słoniewicz

title: Słoniewicz


text: Ryłowicz

title: Ryłowicz


text: Dąbrowicz

title: Dąbrowicz


text: Krzyształowicz

title: Krzyształowicz


text: Miłosiewicz

title: Miłosiewicz


text: Łopatkiewicz

title: Łopatkiewicz


text: Cudakiewicz

title: Cudakiewicz


text: Kasiorkiewicz

title: Kasiorkiewicz


text: Waluśkiewicz

title: Waluśkiewicz


text: Zielniewicz

title: Zielniewicz


text:
smide ud

Verb

 * 1) throw out, discard

title: smide ud


text: Ziemlewicz

title: Ziemlewicz


text: Latosiewicz

title: Latosiewicz


text: vergoedingen

title: vergoedingen


text: vergoedinkje

title: vergoedinkje


text: vergoedinkjes

title: vergoedinkjes


text:
Talk:aistiherkkä

Shouldn't the plural comitative form of this word end with -kkineen in accordance with the tables in Appendix:Finnish nominal inflection/koira? I am just getting started learning Finnish. I am thankful if anyone who is into Finnish grammar could explain why this particular noun should be inflected differently. ÅttioFem (talk) 14:29, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I think that this answered my question: Comitative case. ÅttioFem (talk) 07:59, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:aistiherkkä


text:
maaltijdvergoeding

Noun

 * 1)  for the cost of (a) (s).

title: maaltijdvergoeding


text: maaltijdvergoedingen

title: maaltijdvergoedingen


text: maaltijdvergoedinkje

title: maaltijdvergoedinkje


text: maaltijdvergoedinkjes

title: maaltijdvergoedinkjes


text: Jaremkiewicz

title: Jaremkiewicz


text: Cichanowicz

title: Cichanowicz


text: Tomaszkiewicz

title: Tomaszkiewicz


text:
ওলোটা

Adjective

 * 1) turned back
 * 2) upside down

title: ওলোটা


text: Rękosiewicz

title: Rękosiewicz


text:
entgleiten

Verb

 * 1) to slip, to slip away

title: entgleiten


text: Gryckiewicz

title: Gryckiewicz


text: Czerechowicz

title: Czerechowicz


text: Grzymowicz

title: Grzymowicz


text: Gierejkiewicz

title: Gierejkiewicz


text: Czyszkiewicz

title: Czyszkiewicz


text:
mobú

Noun

 * 1) period; duration
 * 2) year; age

title: mobú


text: Piłatowicz

title: Piłatowicz


text:
eleko

Noun

 * 1) period; era; season; time

title: eleko


text:
verunreinigen

Verb

 * 1) to contaminate
 * 2)  to dirty

title: verunreinigen


text:
nachtragen

Verb

 * 1) to append, to supplement
 * 2) to resent

title: nachtragen


text:
vorankommen

Verb

 * 1)  to move forward
 * 2)  to (make) progress, to make headway

title: vorankommen


text:
pampakuha

Noun

 * 1)  an abortifacient

title: pampakuha


text: izq.

title: izq.


text:
dekstros

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) dextrose
 * 2)  an intravenous drip

Verb

 * 1) to administer an intravenous drip

title: dekstros


text: 儀三郎

title: 儀三郎


text: Category:Cebuano terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱs-


text: ぎさぶろう

title: ぎさぶろう


text: Category:ceb:Sugars

title: Category:ceb:Sugars


text: Category:ceb:Carbohydrates

title: Category:ceb:Carbohydrates


text: Gisaburō

title: Gisaburō


text: Category:ceb:Organic compounds

title: Category:ceb:Organic compounds


text:
biló

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) office

title: biló


text: Category:ceb:Proteins

title: Category:ceb:Proteins


text: Category:ceb:Biomolecules

title: Category:ceb:Biomolecules


text:
báfu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) bath, bathtub

title: báfu


text:
Bullauge

Etymology
, in its now-obsolete nautical meaning.

Noun

 * 1) porthole

title: Bullauge


text:
brislet

Etymology
From, from , diminutive form of.

Noun

 * 1) a bracelet; a band or chain worn around the wrist as jewelry or an ornament

title: brislet


text:
ernüüsse

Verb

 * 1)  to sneeze

title: ernüüsse


text: Category:Alemannic German terms prefixed with er-


text:
bále

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ball
 * 2) bullet
 * 1) bullet

title: bále


text:
pantaan

Noun

 * 1) the

title: pantaan


text:
zustehen

Verb

 * 1) to be entitled
 * 2)  to occur

Usage notes
Only the auxiliary is used in northern and central Germany. In southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, is common in the vernacular and also, alternatively, in standard usage.

title: zustehen


text: gastrosplénico

title: gastrosplénico


text: gastrosplénica

title: gastrosplénica


text: gastrosplénicos

title: gastrosplénicos


text: gastrosplénicas

title: gastrosplénicas


text:
Bodenschatz

Noun

 * 1)  mineral resource

title: Bodenschatz


text:
amahanon

Adjective

 * 1) paternal; of or pertaining to a father; having the characteristics of a father; fatherly

title: amahanon


text:
inahanon

Adjective

 * 1) maternal; of or pertaining to a mother; having the characteristics of a mother; motherly

title: inahanon


text:
Spitzenspieler

Noun

 * 1) top player

title: Spitzenspieler


text: すぎうら

title: すぎうら


text:
bánki

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bank

title: bánki


text: Sugiura

title: Sugiura


text:
pairwise disjoint

Adjective

 * 1)  Let $$\{A_\lambda\}_{\lambda\in\Lambda}$$ be any collection of sets indexed by a set $\Lambda$.  We call the indexed collection pairwise disjoint if for any two distinct indices, $$\lambda,\mu\in\Lambda$$, the sets $$A_\lambda$$ and $$A_\mu$$ are disjoint.
 * 2) * 2009, John M. Franks, A (Terse) Introduction to Lebesgue Integration,, page 27,
 * For example, if we had a collection of pairwise disjoint intervals of length $$1/2, 1/4, 1/8,\dots 1/2^n,\dots$$,etc., then we would certainly like to be able to say that the measure of their union we is the sum $$\sum 1/2^n=1$$ which would not follow from finite additivity.
 * For example, if we had a collection of pairwise disjoint intervals of length $$1/2, 1/4, 1/8,\dots 1/2^n,\dots$$,etc., then we would certainly like to be able to say that the measure of their union we is the sum $$\sum 1/2^n=1$$ which would not follow from finite additivity.

Usage notes
The condition is a generalization of the concept of disjoint sets, from two to an arbitrary collection of sets. When applied to a collection, the original formulation - that the sets have an intersection equal to the empty set - becomes ambiguous and in need of clarification.

Synonyms

 * mutually disjoint

Translations

 * Catalan: mútuament disjunts, disjunts dos a dos
 * Dutch: paarsgewijs disjunct, wederzijds disjunct
 * French: disjoints deux à deux, mutuellement disjoints
 * German: paarweise disjunkt
 * Indonesian: saling terlepas
 * Italian: insiemi mutuamente disgiunti, a due a due disgiunti
 * Mandarin: 兩兩不交
 * Spanish: disjuntos por pares, mutuamente disjuntos

title: pairwise disjoint


text:
herablassen

Verb

 * 1)  to let down
 * 2)  to condescend

title: herablassen


text:
adontia

Noun

 * 1) The absence of teeth

title: adontia


text: 腹脐

title: 腹脐


text:
pastramă

Etymology
(modern 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) pastrama

title: pastramă


text:
腹臍

Noun

 * 1)  navel; belly button

title: 腹臍


text:
alkylphenone

Noun

 * 1)  Any alkyl phenone.

title: alkylphenone


text:
Talk:XMLHttpRequest

RFD discussion: December 2017–May 2018
Pretty much a class name or library name, like (to take a few random examples from the .NET Framework, out of thousands or millions) StringBuilder or HttpRequestException. In other words it's computer language akin to keywords and commands etc. which we exclude. Equinox ◑ 00:08, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

Delete. It could lead to far. It does not even look like English with that spelling, but coders code-switching to computer language. Palaestrator verborum (loquier) 08:31, 24 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep It's also used in Ajax and it's an object. I think the acronym XHR is enough reason to keep. —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 12:32, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Is there any actual policy saying "having an initialism means we must keep the expanded form"? I am happy with the useful entry ZWNJ but I would not want an entry for zero-width non joiner. Equinox ◑ 07:51, 12 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom (Equinox). --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:34, 3 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete. - -sche (discuss) 23:26, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Closed as deleted. bd2412 T 22:35, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:XMLHttpRequest


text:
Talk:ghost from one's past

RFD discussion: February–June 2018
SOP? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 13:18, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

 * SOP with which sense of ghost? I don't see any fitting sense, hence it doesn't appear to be SOP. -84.161.27.215 20:12, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Isn't a ghost simply "something that haunts"? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 16:51, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. I see it as an idiom. -- · (talk) 07:50, 18 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep; even if it's not directly idiomatic, the phrase is highly set. PseudoSkull (talk) 07:22, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Weak keep (as a redirect) but move, IMO. Comparing "ghost from his past", "ghost from the past", "specter from the past", "spectre from the past" (specter/spectre "from his past" was too rare to plot), I find that "ghost from the past" is most common, so I think that should be the lemma. (Even if we still want a possessive as the lemma, I think it should be "someone's" since we normally use "one's" as a placeholder for the first person, right? but as those ngrams show, this often refers to other people.) The ngrams also show that the wording is a bit variable, but it does seem idiom-like. - -sche (discuss) 23:48, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Closed as kept. bd2412 T 12:19, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:ghost from one's past


text:
Talk:implicitedly

RFD discussion: February–May 2018
This is a very rare error; Ngrams shows it to be somewhere roughly on the order of twenty thousand times less common than "implicitly". (On the other hand, some people might feel that misconstructions (where a morpheme has been added to a word where it does not belong) are more includable than simple misspellings like, say, implicitely. So, discuss.) - -sche (discuss) 18:32, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

 Keep  - seems to have a long history in Google books - back to 19thC. Enough worthy cites there to satisfy CFI. It's comparative rareness is not really a factor, not if we want to include every word in every language. A usage note would be useful.-Sonofcawdrey (talk) 05:33, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * However, CFI explicitly (or explicitedly;) says "Rare misspellings should be excluded". - -sche (discuss) 05:53, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Righto, forgot about that criterion, tho' must have read it before. Change my vote to delete - Sonofcawdrey (talk) 06:53, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete as a rare misspelling. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 07:00, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete as a rare misspelling. — SGconlaw (talk) 08:11, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Abstain. As -sche said: I wouldn't call that a misspelling but a misformation/misconstruction, and am tempted to count it as a new word. Perhaps ? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 11:09, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Though I initiated the RFD, I'm tempted to change my position to abstain. Perhaps it's a misspelling by someone assuming /ɪt/~/ɪd/ meant -ed, and not thinking through that adding -ed to -it would make /ɪtɪd/; compare impliced (20 BGC hits), implicedly (2). Even if it's a misconstruction, I'm not sure rare misconstructions are any more includable than misspellings, especially since we delete rare misspellings (intentional uses of a spelling that's wrong, whether or not the user knows it's wrong), not just typos (unintentional uses of a wrong spelling/form, especially identifiable when the author uses the expected spelling elsewhere). Paging through the Books results, ~150 books use, only 6 use  , so, the spelling seems to be intentional; but again, we delete even intentional misspellings when they're rare. Bleh. I remain a weak delete at this point. - -sche (discuss) 16:39, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. DonnanZ (talk) 17:58, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Abstain. The frequency ratio of 20000 provided by -sche above via link to GNV is rather convincing. However, what is not so clear is that this is a misspelling. Indeed, the entry is marked as "Misconstruction". Do we want to keep vanishingly rare but attested misconstructions? For a calibration there is a much better ratio: . --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:52, 3 March 2018 (UTC)

Closed as deleted. bd2412 T 22:33, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:implicitedly


text:
Talk:analysises

RFD discussion: February–May 2018
A very rare error, about twenty thousand times less common than analyses per Ngrams, hence/but in the same boat as WT:RFD. - -sche (discuss) 18:38, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. No reason to keep that I can think of. DonnanZ (talk) 20:03, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

Keep - seems to have a long history in Google books - back to 19thC. Enough worthy cites there to satisfy CFI. It's comparative rareness is not really a factor, not if we want to include every word in every language. A usage note would be useful.-Sonofcawdrey (talk) 05:33, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * However, CFI explicitly (or explicitedly;) says "Rare misspellings should be excluded". - -sche (discuss) 05:53, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keeping my vote with "keep" for this one - seems to have been once used as a legitimate plural. In any case, not a misspelling. - Sonofcawdrey (talk) 06:55, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete as a rare misspelling. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:59, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete as a rare misspelling. — SGconlaw (talk) 08:11, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep, it seems to have been a genuine rare alternative plural used by native speakers in the 19th century, especially in the US.   ←₰-→  Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:56, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * On one hand, that's a fair point. OTOH, paging through Google Books, the number of hits for "analysises" "analyses" seems to closely match the number of hits for "analysises", which is suggestive evidence that "analysises" is mostly something like a typo (an occasional unintentional error by people who also use the expected spelling) rather than an intentional (mis- or alternative-) spelling; most of the hits I get for "analysises" -"analyses" are by Chinese authors (not native English speakers?); and as I noted about , we delete even intentional (i.e. non-typo) misspellings when they're rare. Still, I'm almost persuaded to change my position to abstain. I wonder if we could find spoken examples of this form. - -sche (discuss) 16:59, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree that most of hits from the 20th and 21st century are errors by non-native speakers. For me the question is about when sg. -is, pl. -es became a common type in English. "Analysises" doesn't seem to appear before the 19th century but I get the impression that plurals of "analysis" weren't very common before that either. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  14:07, 21 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Meh. (Although I am the nominator,) I'm changing my position to abstain. (But, to be clear, the RFD discussion should proceed; I don't think it's proper to "withdraw" an RFD that other people have !voted on.) - -sche (discuss) 03:17, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

No clear consensus to delete, after extended opportunity for discussion. bd2412 T 22:03, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:analysises


text:
Talk:I need a guide

RFD discussion: February–June 2018
I request undeletion of this phrasebook entry. finds the phrase in multiple phrasebooks. Thus, it should be kept using the lemming heuristic for phrasebook, which says, keep an English phrasebook entry if it is attested and is present in at least three independent phrasebooks. Admission: The heuristic is not part of formal policy, which is in WT:CFI, and says "Phrasebook entries are very common expressions that are considered useful to non-native speakers. Although these are included as entries in the dictionary (in the main namespace), they are not usually considered in these terms." --Dan Polansky (talk) 12:00, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

Let me note that this never passed a deletion request, from what I can see, so this is the first request for deletion of the entry. --Dan Polansky (talk) 12:08, 11 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Restore as a typical phrasebook phrase. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 12:28, 11 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Restore per Dan Polansky's rationale. --Jan Kameníček (talk) 12:42, 11 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Restore - as per reasoning above. John Cross (talk) 19:18, 11 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Meh. I've grown quite sensitive to the lemming argument, but I still think many of these phrasebook entries are useless, including this one. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 22:25, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Keep as useful for a (possibly colonial) phrasebook. Ha. I've expressed my feelings about splitting phrasebook out of mainspace before, but that's orthogonal. Equinox ◑ 06:23, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Has been deleted --Genecioso (talk) 13:34, 24 May 2018 (UTC)
 * This is an undeletion request, so of course it has been deleted. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 04:33, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

Restored. No RFD was followed when deleting, anyway. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 05:41, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:I need a guide


text:
Talk:magnetic declination

RFD discussion: February–May 2018
We have a relevant sense at declination, making this SOP. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:02, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Hmm. As has several meanings, I'm inclined to keep this one, but improve its definition. SemperBlotto (talk) 06:38, 21 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep using the lemming heuristic: includes Merriam-Webster, AHD, and Collins. Admittedly, M-W has ": declination 6", a kind of soft redirect. I think our readers are better served with the definition now provided by SemperBlotto. Incidentally, I seem to have looked this up recently, under "magnetic declination". --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:38, 3 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a very specific term that is not a sum of parts.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 13:49, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. 86.143.4.133 15:06, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Why? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 11:26, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Closed as kept. bd2412 T 21:56, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:magnetic declination


text:
Talk:magnetic compass

RFD discussion: February–May 2018
A compass that is magnetic. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:04, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. Flowery wording does not stop it from being SOP. - -sche (discuss) 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * WT:FLOWERY, anyone? Equinox ◑ 21:34, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete unless it can be established that the term "magnetic compass" is older than "compass" in the relevant sense, as the entry implies by saying that "compass" is a shortening of "magnetic compass". If that's the case, then "magnetic compass" passes the WT:JIFFY test. —Mahāgaja (formerly Angr) · talk 22:08, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep - other dictionaries have it. John Cross (talk) 21:26, 22 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I have noted the other dictionaries in the references section. One sense of "compass" means a magnetic compass. The term 'magnetic compass' functions as a retronym as it distinguishes the magnetic compass from solid state compasses etc. We should accept this just as we accept . John Cross (talk) 22:31, 22 February 2018 (UTC)
 * See also Votes/pl-2018-02/Allow retronyms John Cross (talk) 22:52, 22 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep with the use of lemming heuristic: includes Merriam-Webster and more. There is also a chance (not certainty) that this could pass WT:JIFFY test mentioned by Mahagaja. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:58, 3 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. --WikiTiki89 15:32, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sum of parts for a compass that uses magnetism.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 13:50, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. 86.143.4.133 15:05, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Why? --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 11:26, 4 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep - The OED have it, but what do they know. SemperBlotto (talk) 15:08, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. It has two separate senses, for goodness sake. Ƿidsiþ 05:00, 4 April 2018 (UTC)
 * It didn't when the entry was nominated. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 11:19, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Closed as kept. bd2412 T 21:55, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:magnetic compass


text: alkylphenones

title: alkylphenones


text:
multisporter

Noun

 * 1)  One who takes part in multiple sports.

title: multisporter


text: multisporters

title: multisporters


text:
anberaumen

Etymology
From,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to schedule

title: anberaumen


text:
pastrama

Etymology
From, from. .

Noun

 * 1) A traditional Romanian delicatessen meat, usually made from lamb, but also prepared with mutton or pork, that is cured and cold smoked, and served thinly sliced.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: basdırma
 * Chuvash: пустарма
 * Crimean Tatar: bastırma
 * Gagauz: pastırma
 * Karaim: bastırma
 * Krymchak: bastırma
 * Romanian:
 * Turkish:
 * Uzbek:

title: pastrama


text: すぎもと

title: すぎもと


text:
Talk:married couple

RFD discussion: March–April 2018

 * Delete as sum of parts, per discussion for gay couple. Nicole Sharp (talk) 13:22, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I would keep this, if not just for the translations. A gay couple may or may not be a married couple of course, which is why the entry doesn't say it's a man and woman as a married couple (but it normally is). DonnanZ (talk) 14:35, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep as a translation hub. In particular, I think this can also house -ed translations that mean "gay couple" or "straight couple"/"husband and wife" if either of those entries is deleted. - -sche (discuss) 15:31, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It passes the lemming test anyway. DonnanZ (talk) 15:57, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * "Translation hub" seems a poor excuse to keep a sum-of-parts entry, unless there is a specific Wiktionary policy for this. There are a lot of non-English terms that do not translate directly into English, and would require sum-of-parts entries like this.  A word translating into English as "married couple" could also presumably be translated as "married pair," "couple who is married," etc., all of which can be defined using the individual parts, without needing a new English Wiktionary entry.  Such translations are best organized instead in a Wiktionary multilingual phrasebook of terms for relationships.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 16:03, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * The argument that something should be kept as a "translation target" or "translation hub" is moderately often encountered at RFD in cases where something is a single word or unexpected phrase in a lot of languages, especially ones which would not otherwise use single words for sum-of-parts compounds. There was some support for adding it to CFI, but as far as I recall there's no overarching policy one way or the other and the community makes case-by-case decisions. (I don't always agree with everything that's kept, but I imagine other people don't always agree with everything that's deleted, c'est la vie.) Dan Polansky can probably say more about it. - -sche (discuss) 16:14, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * In theory, I would support this as Wiktionary policy, except that in highly synthetic languages (such as German or Nahuatl), there are very large number of one-word terms that would cause a very large number of unnecessary English terms being added. I never liked SOP in the first place though.  The more inclusive the better in my opinion, but consistency is important.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 17:12, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * If married couple is a valid entry, then we also need to add unmarried couple. Nicole Sharp (talk) 16:03, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Do we, though, or is that a slippery slope fallacy? Is it as common a phrase and does it have as many idiomatic translations? - -sche (discuss) 16:14, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It would be needed both as an antonym, and also as a synonymous term for such phrases as "living in sin." However, I propose that all of these sum-of-parts terms just be ported into Appendix:Relationships instead.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 17:35, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * There are many idiomatic terms whose antonyms are SOP, and can be listed (in married couple) as "unmarried couple" without having an entry. AFAICT languages are less likely to have idiomatic translations for "unmarried couple" than "married couple", and the term is less set, so it has less merit and we needn't slide down any slopes towards it. - -sche (discuss) 18:14, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep. The translation argument is imo important. --Jan Kameníček (talk) 18:31, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete, SOP, and I'm not convinced by the translation hub argument here; it's slowly getting out of control. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 23:23, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Keep as a translation hub: Czech manželé, Spanish matrimonio, and more. A vote is at Votes/pl-2018-03/Including translation hubs, designed to keep some translation hubs while preventing overflood. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:58, 24 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Comment: Has anyone heard the idiom sound like a married couple? PseudoSkull (talk) 16:49, 6 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Kept. - -sche (discuss) 18:50, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:married couple


text:
Talk:Santyl

RFD discussion: May 2018
SANTYL is a legally protected trademark of Smith & Nephew, Inc. in multiple countries around the world. It does not meet the criteria for inclusion in Wiktionary.

 * Not deleted; the word seems to be attested (as Santyl and as santyl), although it could be sent to RFV if there is doubt about whether or not the capitalized form meets BRAND. The lowercase form certainly seems to (and may be generic or predate the trademark). - -sche (discuss) 01:28, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Santyl


text:
Talk:be bored to death

RFD discussion: March–June 2018
be + bored + to death. See also Requests_for_deletion/English. --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 09:17, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete, I think. I see this as different to "bleed to death" because of a literal vs. figurative usage of "to death", and more in the vein of other usages like "He talked me to death.", "I love her to death." or "That company worked me to death." That said, both senses (literal and figurative) are attested in the definition, so the SOP still seems to apply. --SanctMinimalicen (talk) 12:57, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. We wouldn't create "be bored" either. Equinox ◑ 21:22, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete. to be being extremely bored PseudoSkull (talk) 21:24, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete Bad entry title - would probably be OK at . SemperBlotto (talk) 05:17, 1 April 2018 (UTC)
 * At the least, move to bored to death. Now, what are the redeeming qualities of bored to death? It is in http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/Bored+To+Death, in McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs, 2002, but idiom dictionaries are not the typical lemmings. --Dan Polansky (talk) 17:59, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Dunno, bored to death is the past participle of bore someone to death. DonnanZ (talk) 21:24, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete or move, bored to death or bore to death seem better lemmas. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  11:23, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete; even "bored to death" is SOP as [[bored]] [[to death]]. —Mahāgaja (formerly Angr) · talk 11:52, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

Closed as delete. bd2412 T 00:13, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:be bored to death


text:
verbrëche

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to break

title: verbrëche


text:
graciosito

Etymology
From.

title: graciosito


text: graciosita

title: graciosita


text: graciositos

title: graciositos


text: androstadienones

title: androstadienones


text: graciositas

title: graciositas


text:
bifolding

Adjective

 * 1)  Having a bifold design, with two equal panels hinged together so as to open by folding the panels against each other.

title: bifolding


text: flippance

title: flippance


text: flippances

title: flippances


text: androstendione

title: androstendione


text:
bolekaja

Noun

 * 1) A Nigerian taxibus.

title: bolekaja


text: bolekajas

title: bolekajas


text:
wohlauf

Adverb

 * 1)  well, healthy

title: wohlauf


text: androstenones

title: androstenones


text:
mammy wagon

Noun

 * 1)  A vehicle consisting of a lorry chassis with a wooden frame built on top.

title: mammy wagon


text:
chim ong

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

title: chim ong


text: mammy wagons

title: mammy wagons


text:
aparasitemia

Noun

 * 1)  The (temporary) absence of parasites in the blood

title: aparasitemia


text:
cream ale

Noun

 * 1) A light and refreshing style of American and Canadian beer.

title: cream ale


text: cream ales

title: cream ales


text: まつくぼ

title: まつくぼ


text: Matsukubo

title: Matsukubo


text:
everyperson

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) An everyman or everywoman.

title: everyperson


text: everypeople

title: everypeople


text: everypersons

title: everypersons


text:
aquadynia

Noun

 * 1)  A burning pain on the skin after bathing

title: aquadynia


text: agritech

title: agritech


text: agritechnology

title: agritechnology


text: agritechnologies

title: agritechnologies


text: agritechnological

title: agritechnological


text: agritechnical

title: agritechnical


text:
arteriograph

Noun

 * 1) An instrument used in arteriography to measure the severity of arteriosclerosis

title: arteriograph


text:
Indizienbeweis

Noun

 * 1) circumstantial evidence

title: Indizienbeweis


text:
agrosystemic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to an agrosystem.

title: agrosystemic


text: arteriographs

title: arteriographs


text:
attractin

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a particular group of lectins

title: attractin


text: autoradiographical

title: autoradiographical


text:
mobóla

Etymology
From ln.

Adjective

 * 1) poor; needy

title: mobóla


text: bandshifts

title: bandshifts


text: attractins

title: attractins


text:
kickathon

Noun

 * 1)  An event involving a lot of kicking.

title: kickathon


text:
kabonghan

Noun

 * 1) the east wind
 * 2) an easterly

title: kabonghan


text: kickathons

title: kickathons


text:
pumsae

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A systematic sequence of moves in Korean martial arts.

title: pumsae


text: poomsae

title: poomsae


text: poomse

title: poomse


text: pumse

title: pumse


text: inventorise

title: inventorise


text: inventorised

title: inventorised


text: inventorises

title: inventorises


text: inventorising

title: inventorising


text:
polunetsintä

Noun

 * 1)  pathfinding

title: polunetsintä


text:
bobína

Etymology
From ln.

Noun

 * 1) dance

title: bobína


text:
kiikku

Noun

 * 1) seesaw, teeter-totter, teeterboard
 * 2)  gallows
 * 3)  flip-flop
 * 1)  flip-flop
 * 1)  flip-flop
 * 1)  flip-flop

title: kiikku


text:
tape ball

Noun

 * 1)  A tennis ball wrapped in electrical tape, used in playing street cricket in Asia.
 * 2)  The game of cricket played using such a ball.

title: tape ball


text: tapeball

title: tapeball


text: tape balls

title: tape balls


text: tapeballs

title: tapeballs


text:
bángi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) marijuana, cannabis

title: bángi


text:
bifteki

Noun

 * 1) A kind of Greek beef patty or rissole.

title: bifteki


text: biftekis

title: biftekis


text:
búbá

Noun

 * 1) naivety; gullibility
 * 2) deaf-mute

title: búbá


text:
smoked beef

Noun

 * 1) Smoke-cured beef
 * 2) Montreal-style smoked meat and New York-style pastrami, or a similar deli meat derived from these.

Translations

 * French: boeuf fumé

title: smoked beef


text:
manokmanok

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  gale

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bird

Noun

 * 1) whale

title: manokmanok


text: Category:ceb:Meteorology

title: Category:ceb:Meteorology


text:
subasko

Noun

 * 1)  a squall

title: subasko


text:
Brudermörder

Noun

 * 1) fratricide (person)

title: Brudermörder


text:
Frauenmörder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) murderer of women

title: Frauenmörder


text: User:Usien6/Draft/Appendix/English animal adjective latinates


text:
espelido

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  ready, prompt, intelligent, skilful
 * 2)  fluffy, puffy
 * 1)  fluffy, puffy
 * 1)  fluffy, puffy

title: espelido


text:
Giftmörder

Noun

 * 1) poisoner

title: Giftmörder


text:
Kindermörder

Noun

 * 1) child murderer

title: Kindermörder


text:
пыласос

Etymology
, from ; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) vacuum cleaner

title: пыласос


text:
Lustmörder

Noun

 * 1) lust killer, sex killer

title: Lustmörder


text: slut-cover

title: slut-cover


text: slut-covers

title: slut-covers


text:
Meuchelmörder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) assassin

title: Meuchelmörder


text:
Appendix:Lojban/jbobau

Etymology
Etymologically, a of two  words:   jbobau is derived from  +  (i.e.:  ) +  )

Brivla (Content Words)

 * l1= is Lojban used by (speaker) to express/communicate  (/, not quote)

Associated words

 * the of the    in the

title: Appendix:Lojban/jbobau


text:
Muttermörder

Noun

 * 1) matricide  (a person who murders one’s mother)

title: Muttermörder


text:
Raubmörder

Noun

 * 1) a robber who murdered the robbed person

title: Raubmörder


text:
schlitzen

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to slit

title: schlitzen


text:
Sexualmörder

Noun

 * 1) sex murderer

title: Sexualmörder


text:
aufschlitzen

Verb

 * 1) to slit open

title: aufschlitzen


text:
наўмысны

Adjective

 * 1) intentional, deliberate

title: наўмысны


text:
Tyrannenmörder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tyrannicide (person)

title: Tyrannenmörder


text:
Vatermörder

Noun

 * 1) patricide
 * 2)  stiff wing collar

title: Vatermörder


text:
durchnehmen

Verb

 * 1)  to cover
 * 2)  to fuck

title: durchnehmen


text:
Talk:aviatrix

Deadbeat Dads
I noticed an apparent typo "Ameria" rather than "Amelia" and went to check if that was in the book or not. Searching the quote in https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHphH7T59f8C I could not find it.

Looking deeper, this is cited as being on page 307 but GoogleBooks only lists this as having 281 pages.

This needs to be resolved somehow. Is there possibly a later-than-2002 reprint of the book with additional pages where this passage was added? ScratchMarshall (talk) 17:37, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:aviatrix


text:
նախճիր

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  massacre, slaughter, carnage

Etymology
An borrowing: compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Ultimately from ; see it for more.

Noun

 * 1) massacre, slaughter, carnage of animals in a hunt or of men in a war

Usage notes
Usually used in the plural—.

title: նախճիր


text:
syntacticization

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of, or an instance of, syntacticizing.

title: syntacticization


text: syntacticizations

title: syntacticizations


text:
deargadaol

Etymology
Compare.

Noun

 * 1) devil's coach-horse

title: deargadaol


text:
obligatorification

Noun

 * 1)  The act or process of, or an instance of, (something) becoming or being made (more) obligatory, especially as part of the process of grammaticalization.

title: obligatorification


text:
morphologization

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of, or an instance of, morphologizing.

title: morphologization


text:
hide-all

Noun

 * 1) Something that conceals.

Adjective

 * 1) Concealing; disguising; obscuring.

title: hide-all


text: obligatorifications

title: obligatorifications


text: morphologizations

title: morphologizations


text: obligatorization

title: obligatorization


text: obligatorizations

title: obligatorizations


text:
obligatorize

Verb

 * 1)  To make (something) obligatory, or more obligatory.

title: obligatorize


text:
morphologize

Verb

 * 1)  To make (something) morphological (structural).
 * 2)  To become, or cause (e.g. a phonetic feature) to become, (re)interpreted morphologically.
 * 3)  To decompose into morphemes (as).
 * 1)  To decompose into morphemes (as).
 * 1)  To decompose into morphemes (as).

title: morphologize


text:
Template:ro-conj-a/documentation

This template is part of a series of templates used to show the conjugation of Romanian verbs. It should be used under the "Conjugation" or "Inflection" heading.

Templates
Templates for the first and fourth conjugation have names of the form  or , where inf is the infinitive ending of the verb (a, i or î) and 1s is the first-person singular present indicative infix (ez, esc or ăsc).

First conjugation:

Fourth conjugation:

Templates for the second and third conjugation use a different name format:, where inf is the infinitive ending (e or ea) and past is the past participle ending (s, t, pt or ut).

Second conjugation:

Third conjugation:

-ez- infix
does not require any parameters.

On :

No infix
If the verbal stem doesn't change throughout the conjugation, it is enough to use the templates without any parameters. The template can determine the verb stem and display all the conjugated forms.

On :

If there is a vowel change in the forms that are stressed on the theme vowel (third-person singular present subjunctive andfirst-, second- and third-person singular present indicative), the stem for those forms should be provided as the first parameter.

On :

On :

If the different stressed forms use different stems, a list of stems separated by / should be provided as the first parameter.

On :

On :

On :

On :

Second conjugation
The usage is the same as for the templates above.

On :

On :

Third conjugation
The usage is the same as for the templates above. Note that, since the stress falls on the stem in the infinitive form for third conjugation verbs, the unstressed form needs to be provided as the second unnamed parameter if it is different from the infinitive stem.

On (no stem change):

On (stem change):

On (stem change and the unstressed stem is provided):

Fourth conjugation
The fourth conjugation templates are used similarly to the first conjugation ones.

On :

On :

On :

On :

On :

On :

On :

Overrides
There are also parameters for supplying forms directly. These should generally only be used when the template doesn't generate the right forms.

Non-finite forms

 * = gerund
 * = past participle

Present indicative

 * = first-person singular present indicative
 * = second-person singular present indicative
 * = third-person singular present indicative
 * = first-person plural present indicative
 * = second-person plural present indicative
 * = third-person plural present indicative

Past indicative

 * = What comes before the imperfect endings. For vorbi, this would be vorbe. For vedea it would be vede. For cere, it would be cere.
 * = third-person singular imperfect form
 * = What comes before the perfect/pluperfect endings. For vorbi, this would be vorbi. For vedea it would be văzu. For cere, it would be ceru.
 * = 3rd person singular perfect form
 * = What comes before the plural perfect endings if different from perf (optional).

Subjunctive

 * = third-person singular present subjunctive

Imperative

 * = second-person singular imperative

Full example
On :

[[Category:Romanian verb inflection-table templates|]]

title: Template:ro-conj-a/documentation


text: morphologizes

title: morphologizes


text: morphologizing

title: morphologizing


text: morphologized

title: morphologized


text: obligatorizes

title: obligatorizes


text: obligatorizing

title: obligatorizing


text: obligatorized

title: obligatorized


text:
kaya tuzu

Etymology

 * equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  halite, rock salt
 * 2) rock salt

title: kaya tuzu


text:
monoargumentality

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being monoargumental.

title: monoargumentality


text:
argumentality

Noun

 * 1)  The property of having one or more arguments; the syntactic connection between the verb of a clause and related phrases.
 * 2)  Argumentativeness.

title: argumentality


text:
monoargumental

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Supporting only a single argument.

title: monoargumental


text:
viande fumée

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) smoked meat

Etymology 2
From, from. Franciziation of the French term borrowed from English, during the wave of franciziation efforts in Quebec during its 70s/80s era of nationalist fervour.

Noun

 * 1) smoked meat
 * 2) smoked meat sandwich

title: viande fumée


text:
bicucullinic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to bicuculline

title: bicucullinic


text:
bioadhesion

Noun

 * 1) biological adhesion

Related terms

 * bioadhesive

title: bioadhesion


text: bioadhesions

title: bioadhesions


text:
դիպահ

Etymology
An borrowing: compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) temporary prison

Usage notes
Attested only in the locative, also spelled.

title: դիպահ


text:
bioaminergic

Adjective

 * 1)  That secrete bioamines

title: bioaminergic


text:
bipolarize

Alternative forms

 * bipolarise

Verb

 * 1) To make bipolar

Related terms

 * bipolarization

title: bipolarize


text:
ахвяра

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) victim
 * 2) sacrifice
 * 1) sacrifice

title: ахвяра


text:
pikring

Noun

 * 1)  cock ring

title: pikring


text:
penisring

Noun

 * 1) cock ring

Noun

 * 1) a penis ring

title: penisring


text:
bisbenzamide

Noun

 * 1)  Any compound that has two benzamide groups

title: bisbenzamide


text: calciviruses

title: calciviruses


text: cathepsine

title: cathepsine


text: cathepsines

title: cathepsines


text:
chlorferone

Noun

 * 1)  The halogenated hydroxycoumarin 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one

title: chlorferone


text:
Talk:rose-colored glasses

origin

 * https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/257566/origin-of-rose-tinted-glasses
 * https://www.etymonline.com/word/rose-colored
 * https://www.thoughtco.com/i-learned-about-rose-colored-glasses-31496 --Espoo (talk) 18:27, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:rose-colored glasses


text: chronotropy

title: chronotropy


text:
նկրտիմ

Etymology
An borrowing; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to strive for, endeavour

title: նկրտիմ


text: clarythromicin

title: clarythromicin


text:
conceptal

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or formed by conception

title: conceptal


text:
contrastless

Adjective

 * 1) Lacking contrast

title: contrastless


text: viandes fumées

title: viandes fumées


text:
coreactant

Noun

 * 1) (chemistry) Either of two or more reactants that react together

title: coreactant


text: Michorczyk

title: Michorczyk


text: Błoniarczyk

title: Błoniarczyk


text: Myśliwczyk

title: Myśliwczyk


text: Jędraszczyk

title: Jędraszczyk


text:
cystathioninase

Noun

 * 1)  An enzyme that cleaves cystathione to produce cystein and α-ketobutyrate

title: cystathioninase


text: Winiarczyk

title: Winiarczyk


text:
morphemize

Verb

 * 1) To become, or cause (a word or part of a word) to become, a morpheme.

title: morphemize


text:
morphemization

Noun

 * 1)  The act or process of, or an instance of, morphemizing (becoming, or causing something to become, a morpheme).

title: morphemization


text: Bukowczyk

title: Bukowczyk


text: morphemizations

title: morphemizations


text: morphemizes

title: morphemizes


text: morphemizing

title: morphemizing


text: Polaszczyk

title: Polaszczyk


text: morphemized

title: morphemized


text:
User:Usien6/Draft/Appendix/Newspeak words

A list of words from the fictional language Newspeak that appears in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. Note that some of these words may not strictly be Newspeak, as many of the examples come from the internal jargon of the Ministry of Truth (which is said to be "not actually Newspeak, but consisting largely of Newspeak words").

 * artsem – artificial insemination
 * bb – Big Brother
 * bellyfeel – a blind, enthusiastic acceptance of an idea
 * blackwhite – to believe that black is white, to know that black is white, and to forget that one has ever believed the contrary
 * crimestop – to rid oneself of unwanted thoughts, i.e., thoughts that interfere with the ideology of the Party. This way, a person avoids committing thoughtcrime
 * crimethink – Thoughtcrime, thoughts that are unorthodox or outside the official government platform (or the crime of thinking such thoughts)
 * dayorder – Order of the day
 * doubleplusgood - Replaces excellent, best and benevolent
 * doubleplusungood - Replaces terrible and worst
 * doublethink – the act of simultaneously accepting two mutually contradictory beliefs as correct
 * duckspeak – Voicing political orthodoxies without thinking, lit. "to quack like a duck"
 * equal – Only in the sense of physically equal, like equal height/size, etc. It does not mean socially – politically or economically – equal, since there is no such concept as social inequality in purportedly egalitarianistic Ingsoc
 * facecrime – An indication that a person is guilty of thoughtcrime based on their facial expression
 * free – Meaning Negative freedom (without) in a physical sense, only in statements like "This dog is free from lice", as the concepts of "political freedom" and "intellectual freedom" do not exist in Newspeak
 * full – (the adverb fullwise appears in the Records Department's written orders)
 * good – (Can also be used as a prefix vaguely meaning "orthodox")
 * goodthink – thoughts that are approved by the Party and follow its policies, ideals and interpretations. It is the opposite of crimethink
 * goodsex – intercourse between man and wife, for the sole purpose of begetting children and without physical pleasure
 * ingsoc – English Socialism
 * joycamp – Forced labour camp
 * malquoted – flaws or inaccurate presentations of Party or Big Brother-related matters by the press. See misprints below
 * miniluv – "Ministry of Love" (secret police, interrogation and torture)
 * minipax – "Ministry of Peace" (Ministry of War, cf: 'Department of Defense' vs 'War Department')
 * minitrue – "Ministry of Truth" (propaganda and altering history, culture and entertainment)
 * miniplenty – "Ministry of Plenty" (keeping the population in a state of constant economic hardship)
 * misprints – Errors or mispredictions which need to be rectified in order to prove that the Party is always right. See malquoted above
 * oldspeak – English; perhaps any language that is not Newspeak
 * oldthink – Ideas inspired by events or memories of times prior to the Revolution
 * ownlife – the tendency to enjoy being solitary or individualistic
 * plusgood – replaces the words better and great. Refers to good compliance with Party orthodoxy.
 * pornosec – subunit of the Fiction Department of the Ministry of Truth that produces pornography
 * prolefeed – The steady stream of mindless entertainment to distract and occupy the masses
 * recdep – "Records Department" (division of the Ministry of Truth that deals with the rectification of records; department in which Winston works)
 * rectify – used by the Ministry of Truth as a euphemism for the deliberate alteration (or 'correction') of the past
 * ref – To refer (to)
 * report
 * sec – Sector
 * sexcrime – any and all sexual activity which is not specifically goodsex
 * speakwrite – An instrument used by Party members to note or "write" down information by speaking into an apparatus as a faster alternative to an "ink pencil". It is, for example, used in the Ministry of Truth by the protagonist Winston Smith. Speakwrites are also apparently able to record everything that is spoken into the device
 * telescreen – television and security camera-like devices used by the ruling Party in Oceania to keep its subjects under constant surveillance
 * thinkpol – the Thought Police
 * thoughtcrime – the criminal act of holding unspoken beliefs or doubts that oppose or question Ingsoc
 * Unperson – someone of whom, after his or her execution, any evidence [up to and including memories] that he or she ever existed was erased [or derided as potentially dangerous falsehoods].
 * upsub – submit to higher authority. In one scene in the novel, Winston Smith is instructed to alter a document to conform with the Party line, and submit it to his superiors before filing it: rewrite fullwise upsub antefiling

Words incorrectly attributed to Orwell's Newspeak

 * doublespeak – often incorrectly attributed to Orwell, it was actually coined in the early 1950s, and does not appear in Nineteen Eighty-Four, but its meaning forms a natural parallel to the Newspeak word doublethink.
 * doubletalk – predated Orwell's novel, becoming popular during the late 1930s and early 1940s, but usually written as separate words.
 * groupthink – coined in 1952 by William H. Whyte.
 * unmutual – coined in 1967 in an episode of The Prisoner.


text: Struszczyk

title: Struszczyk


text: Mrowczyk

title: Mrowczyk


text: Draszczyk

title: Draszczyk


text:
deconcatenate

Verb

 * 1) To reverse a concatenation

Related terms

 * deconcatenation

title: deconcatenate


text: Synowczyk

title: Synowczyk


text: Stasiorczyk

title: Stasiorczyk


text:
deconcatenation

Noun

 * 1) The process, or the result of deconcatenating

title: deconcatenation


text:
läpiveto

Noun

 * 1) cross-draught, draught

title: läpiveto


text: Niesłańczyk

title: Niesłańczyk


text: Jajszczyk

title: Jajszczyk


text: Witaszczyk

title: Witaszczyk


text: Szczypczyk

title: Szczypczyk


text: Pożarowszczyk

title: Pożarowszczyk


text: Gbiorczyk

title: Gbiorczyk


text: Doroszczyk

title: Doroszczyk


text:
morphologicalized

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Made morphological.

title: morphologicalized


text: Pluszczyk

title: Pluszczyk


text: Białończyk

title: Białończyk


text:
demesothelization

Noun

 * 1) The breakup and removal of the mesothelium

title: demesothelization


text: Gorzelańczyk

title: Gorzelańczyk


text: Pogorzelczyk

title: Pogorzelczyk


text: Grzeszczyk

title: Grzeszczyk


text:
Owczarczyk

Etymology
From.

title: Owczarczyk


text:
demesothelized

Adjective

 * 1) Modified by demesothelization

title: demesothelized


text: Ostrycharczyk

title: Ostrycharczyk


text: Drążczyk

title: Drążczyk


text:
Anuszczyk

Etymology
From, with a regional loss of initial h.

title: Anuszczyk


text: Stajszczyk

title: Stajszczyk


text: Białaszczyk

title: Białaszczyk


text:
dendrosomatic

Adjective

 * 1)  dendritic and somatic

title: dendrosomatic


text: deoxythymidylate

title: deoxythymidylate


text:
սպուժեմ

Etymology
An borrowing: compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Verb

 * 1) to postpone, delay, neglect

title: սպուժեմ


text:
lángi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) color

title: lángi


text:
diazaborine

Noun

 * 1)  Any derivative of a borine in which two -CH= groups have been replaced by -N= groups
 * 2) The heterocycle 2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,3,1-benzodiazaborinin-1(2H)-ol that inhibits maturation of rRNAs

title: diazaborine


text:
dideoxygenase

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any enzyme that catalyzes a dideoxygenation reaction

title: dideoxygenase


text: dimeglumin

title: dimeglumin


text: Template:RQ:Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet Q1-2


text:
diphosphorylase

Noun

 * 1)  Any enzyme that catalyzes a diphosphorylation recation

title: diphosphorylase


text: diphosphorylases

title: diphosphorylases


text: discistrovirus

title: discistrovirus


text:
disconcordant

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or causing disconcordance

title: disconcordant


text:
dorsomedialis

Adjective

 * 1) dorsomedial

title: dorsomedialis


text:
Lobpreis

Noun

 * 1) praise

title: Lobpreis


text:
pikbillede

Noun

 * 1) dickpic

title: pikbillede


text:
Template:RQ:Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet Q1-2/documentation

Usage
This template may be used in Wiktionary entries to format quotations from the two earliest known versions of 's work . It can be used to create a link to online versions of the works at Google Books and the Internet Archive:

 * First Quarto (1597).
 * Second Quarto (1599; archived at the Internet Archive).

Parameters
The template takes the following parameters:

 * version – mandatory in some cases: use Q2 to quote from the Second Quarto. For the First Quarto, either use Q1 or omit the parameter.
 * chapter – if quoting from the prologue, specify Prologue.
 * 1 or act – mandatory: the act number of the play quoted from in uppercase Roman numerals.
 * 2 or scene – mandatory: the scene number of the play quoted from in lowercase Roman numerals. As the works do not have act and scene numbers, look up the act and scene numbers from a modern edition of the play.
 * page – mandatory in some cases: as the works are unpaginated, use page to specify the "page number" assigned by the Internet Archive or Google Books to the URL of the webpage to be linked to. For example, if the URL of the webpage to be linked to is  specify 7, and if it is   specify 11. This parameter must be specified to have the template link to the online version of the work.
 * sig or signature, and verso – sig or signature can be used to specify the signature number quoted from, which is indicated at the bottom centre of some pages. If quoting from a verso (left-hand) page specify 1 or yes; if verso is omitted, the template indicates that a recto (right-hand) page is quoted.
 * If a signature number is not indicated on a page, extrapolate it from the signature numbers before and after the page and enclose it in brackets using  and   For example, if the previous signature number is A3 and the next one is B, specify the missing signature number as &#91;A4&#93;: see the example below.
 * If quoting a range of signatures, for example, "signatures A2, verso – B, recto", use sig or signature, and verso, to specify the signature at the start of the range, and sigend or signatureend, and versoend, (if required) to specify the signature at the end of the range.
 * If this parameter is omitted, the template links the URL of the online version of the work to the prologue, or the act and scene numbers.
 * 3, text, or passage – the passage to be quoted.
 * 4, t, or translation – a translation of the passage quoted into contemporary English.
 * footer – a comment on the passage quoted.
 * brackets – use on to surround a quotation with brackets. This indicates that the quotation either contains a mere mention of a term (for example, "some people find the word manoeuvre hard to spell") rather than an actual use of it (for example, "we need to manoeuvre carefully to avoid causing upset"), or does not provide an actual instance of a term but provides information about related terms.

1st quarto (1597)

 * Signature specified
 * Wikitext:
 * ; or
 * Result:
 * Result:

 * Signature not specified
 * Wikitext:
 * Result:

2nd quarto (1599)

 * Wikitext:
 * Result:


text:
grundlovsstridig

Adjective

 * 1) unconstitutional

title: grundlovsstridig


text:
Moas

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) moss

title: Moas


text:
i strid med

Preposition

 * 1) conflicting with, contrary to

Preposition

 * 1) going against; in violation of, in conflict with, in breach of, contrary to, etc.

Usage notes
See for examples.

title: i strid med


text:
-stridig

Etymology
+, compare.

Suffix

 * 1) in conflict with

title: -stridig


text: Category:Danish terms suffixed with -stridig


text:
oond

Etymology
From with loss of intervocalic -v- (as in, , ) and paragogic -d. Further from, from , from ,.

Noun

 * 1) oven

title: oond


text:
લાલી

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) redness
 * 2) particularly, a redness of the skin, signifying youth, good health, and happiness
 * 3) lipstick, particularly of the color red
 * 1) lipstick, particularly of the color red

title: લાલી


text:
રંદો

Noun

 * 1)  plane tool

title: રંદો


text: ըռումբ

title: ըռումբ


text:
ઉત્પાદક

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) producer, manufacturer, maker

title: ઉત્પાદક


text:
જગપ્રસિદ્ધ

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) world-famous

title: જગપ્રસિદ્ધ


text:
પેચિયું

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) screwdriver

title: પેચિયું


text:
Template:R:Patuzzi

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

title: Template:R:Patuzzi


text: 王子店

title: 王子店


text:
statutorize

Verb

 * 1)  To make statutory.

title: statutorize


text: statutorized

title: statutorized


text: statutorizes

title: statutorizes


text: statutorizing

title: statutorizing


text:
overbrew

Etymology
en

Verb

 * 1) To brew for too long.

title: overbrew


text: overbrews

title: overbrews


text: overbrewing

title: overbrewing


text: overbrewed

title: overbrewed


text: 东湾

title: 东湾


text: 東灣

title: 東灣


text: 杨家坳

title: 杨家坳


text: 楊家坳

title: 楊家坳


text: 芝麻湾

title: 芝麻湾


text:
芝麻灣

Proper noun

 * 1)  (a bay on southeastern, Hong Kong)
 * 2)  Chi Ma Wan Peninsula (a peninsula on southeastern, Hong Kong)
 * 1)  Chi Ma Wan Peninsula (a peninsula on southeastern, Hong Kong)

title: 芝麻灣


text: 浆溪店

title: 浆溪店


text: 漿溪店

title: 漿溪店


text: Category:Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German


text: Category:Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German


text: 三土门

title: 三土门


text: 三土門

title: 三土門


text: Category:Cimbrian terms prefixed with vor-


text:
pommecythere

Etymology
Borrowed from, from and.

Noun

 * 1)  fruit

title: pommecythere


text: Category:Cimbrian terms by prefix

title: Category:Cimbrian terms by prefix


text: pommecytheres

title: pommecytheres


text: Category:Cimbrian prefixes

title: Category:Cimbrian prefixes


text: 塘畈

title: 塘畈


text: 徐家山

title: 徐家山


text: Category:Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European


text:
shelteree

Noun

 * 1) A person who is taken into a shelter.

title: shelteree


text:
webteam

Noun

 * 1) A team of people who develop a website.

title: webteam


text: webteams

title: webteams


text: shelterees

title: shelterees


text:
tractorization

Noun

 * 1) The use of tractors to replace other farming techniques.

title: tractorization


text: tractorisation

title: tractorisation


text:
superpolynomially

Adverb

 * 1) In a superpolynomial manner.

title: superpolynomially


text:
nonpolynomially

Adverb

 * 1) In a manner that is not polynomial.

title: nonpolynomially


text: reemer

title: reemer


text:
resiliation

Etymology
From, or.

Noun

 * 1)  The act of cancelling, annulling or drawing back from (a contract).

Related terms

 * resiliate

title: resiliation


text: resiliations

title: resiliations


text:
Talk:glaciation

RFV discussion: April–May 2018
Rfv-sense: That which is formed by freezing; ice. DTLHS (talk) 00:51, 30 April 2018 (UTC)
 * See, which has it as "rare" and provides an old quote. DCDuring (talk) 16:09, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 22:04, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:glaciation


text:
Talk:archæoastronomy

RFV discussion: April–May 2018
Created by. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 03:39, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 22:04, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:archæoastronomy


text:
tasco

Etymology 1
Probably from : compare 🇨🇬, from.

Noun

 * 1) flax bast and chaff

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) flax bast and chaff

title: tasco


text:
almal

Etymology
From, originally an adverb and still used in a way that might be considered adverbial rather than pronominal. In Afrikaans, the word has developed into an actual pronoun.

Pronoun

 * 1) all; everyone

title: almal


text:
rohtokalmojuuri

Noun

 * 1) sweet flag,  perennial wetland plant

title: rohtokalmojuuri


text:
find one's way

Verb

 * 1) Arrive; get to.
 * 2) * 2011 , "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1):
 * Allen Gregory DeLongpre: And Julie hasn't found her way back into the crowd yet. I apologize, folks. She's making this incredibly uncomfortable. She's pretty much the worst person.
 * 1) * 2011 , "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1):
 * Allen Gregory DeLongpre: And Julie hasn't found her way back into the crowd yet. I apologize, folks. She's making this incredibly uncomfortable. She's pretty much the worst person.

title: find one's way


text: mispolarizes

title: mispolarizes


text:
excurs

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) excursus

title: excurs


text: extremifies

title: extremifies


text:
contradictionism

Noun

 * 1)  A worldview according to which contradictory statements can both be true.

title: contradictionism


text: incarns

title: incarns


text: instrengthens

title: instrengthens


text: insends

title: insends


text: sends in

title: sends in


text: MPPDA

title: MPPDA


text:
ⲥⲱϥ

Verb

 * 1)  to

title: ⲥⲱϥ


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/grunā

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wheat

Descendants

 * (Gheg)
 * (Tosk)

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/grunā


text:
colleita

Etymology 1
13th century. From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Cf. the borrowed doublet.

Noun

 * 1) harvest
 * 2) vintage
 * 1) vintage

Participle

 * 1) (recollected, picked up):

title: colleita


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/weta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) year

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/weta


text:
Talk:schöön

New Low German
In which dialect(s) does "sköne" (or "skön"?) occur? Is it NLG at all?

Best google results I found: So: -84.161.45.90 22:21, 8 June 2018 (UTC) Proben: "χ vertritt ch als ich-Laut, x als ach-Laut". But "fęr̄ix" (p. 83 l. 36) seems strange to me, I'd rather expect *fęr̄iχ with [ç] or ich-sound. In the Dialektgeographie, I didn't find *<-ig> but similar eχ, viəχ/veχ (from Old Saxon weg), kre·iχ and would assume *-iχ for *<-ig> (Dialektgeographie only has one i). In nowadays speech by elderly people - which might have been careless and NHG influenced speaking -, I did indeed hear -iχ. As for the Proben system, it's IMHO more problematic, that it only has s and š (and thus can't differ between ʃ, ɕ and other ʃ-like sounds), only x (unlike IPA which has x and χ), that it has an open a, ą, which International Phonetic Alphabet chart can't express or which is isn't more open than a but more front/back and is thus poorly described. But well, some modern linguistic works do indeed state that the 'Standard' High German a's (short; long) vary in openness, which would mean wikipedia's IPA system linked to above can't properly express these sounds. --84.161.63.109 18:57, 10 June 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) "Dat wull de sköne Helena don" in Deutsche Volkslieder. Sammlung von Franz Ludwig Mittler and Alte hoch- und niederdeutsche Volkslieder mit Abhandlung und Anmerkungen
 * 2) "Im skönen Frühmlinge" in Mustersaal aller teutschen Mund-arten, vol. II  -- older South-Westphalian? intro states: "Uebersetzung [...] (Aus dem Aengelländischen) Erster Versuch [...] Die Absicht dieser Uebersetzung ist, die Aehnlichkeit und Verwandtschaft beyder Sprachen, so viel wie möglich darzustellen; ferner, so viel es die Eigenform der niederdeutschen Mundart zulässt, den richten Sinn [..] anzugeben"
 * 3) "Bitte skön, darf ich gleich einskenken?", "Hier sprechen sie alle unseren skönen Namen falsk aus" in Aantenfloot un Räubensluck by Günter Wahrendorf -- his regular forms are "schön" and "ick", and the cited parts look like some kind of Mischmasch, High German dialect, High German with accent or the like
 * 4) "und sköne hüser" in Laurembergs Scherzgedichte in handschriftlicher Fassung (ed. 1909) -- Danish influence? only in the manuscript or the edition thereof, or also in the printed text?
 * The 3rd shouldn't attest it.
 * The 2nd could attest it, but doesn't reveal whether it's "sköne" or "skön", that is, properly speaking it's "skön-"
 * Not sure about 1st and 4th, but the cited parts don't reveal whether it's "sköne" or "skön", that is, properly speaking it's "skön-" (unless the text have a more clear usage).
 * The cites given should suffice to keep the alternative forms. As a rule of thumb, Southern Westfalian retains Middle Low German final -e outside of parts of the Münsterlandian dialect. I have an 1861 print version of Lauremberg which I can't search automatically, if you want to tell me where to look for the hüser line. Lauremberg was Mecklenburg-ish in his writing, Mecklenburg retained at least medial and final /sk/ at least until the 19th century, so it's not out of question. From a quick look over some pages, the version uses only ⟨sch⟩ word-initially, while freely variating between ⟨sk⟩ (preferred) and ⟨sch⟩ (rarer, but not rare). Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 10:20, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the reply and the offer to look into Lauremberg.
 * East Frisian: www.platt-wb.de/hoch-platt/?term=schön doesn't have it, and in some works (Sanghfona, W. J. Willms, Hermann Meier, Louis Victor Israëls), google books didn't find skön, sköne, schön, schöne either (except schöne in Israëls as High German translation of mooje (both inflected attributive forms)) . But the dictionary has initial sch (e.g. Schaap) vs. medial and final sk (e.g. wünsken, Disk) anyway.
 * Southern Westfalian: Friedrich Wilhelm Grimme has schoine, and in Woeste I find initial sch vs. medial and final sk (Volksüberlieferungen in der Grafschaft Mark: [im] schappe, schap, schæpken vs. wasken; in Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde schiärper (with ſ at beginning even though it's in antiqua); his dictionary: schoͤn, schæper vs. disk, and beginning with sk there's only skärsen marked "H." (= from the "hinterlassene Sammlung des Schwelmer Konrektors Holthaus")).
 * BTW: Woeste's dict has both dot umlauts (ä, ö, ü) and e umlauts (oͤ), and Sauerländisch NLG "scho̊n" (small o above o) in might be a mistake for Woeste's schoͤn (small e above o).
 * Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Fritz Reuter, John Brinckman, Wilh. Heyse already have schön, Fisch, Disch.
 * Lauremberg: Is Lauremberg 1861 = Bibliothek des Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart 58? This has page 8 line 132 "und schöne hüser", where in the above it's p. 9 l. 132 with sköne (or more properly ſköne). 1861 ed. also has fisch, disch, the 1909 ed. disk (or more properly diſk). A print from 1700 has 'und schöne Hüser', Fisch, Disch. Another print from 1652 has Flesch, Minsch/Minsche/Minschen [also inflected in Gen.], schimplick, Schyn, 'und schöne Hüser', Wetenschop, Wunsch, wünsch but skädlick.
 * As for source 1 above, Mittler gives title and region as "IV. Gert Olbert. Münsterland." (cp. Mädchenmörder). But Münsterländisch has schön (Ferdinand Zumbroock, G. Ungt, Augustin Wibbelt), and his text also lacks diphthongs, e.g. in rode instead of raude (both inflected attributive forms) and Perd instead of Piärd.
 * BTWs:
 * Germaniens Völkerstimmen has sgön too, but google didn't find skön-, sköön- or skoin- in it for me.
 * In F. W. Lyra from Osnabrück initial sch (e.g. schaarpe (inflected attributive form)) does occur, but he uses mooje & moojen (infl. attrib. forms), which gets explained as "mooje: hübsch, ist holländisch".
 * So even though the sources provided above might attest it, there's IMHO some fishiness. (But I'm not gonna remove it or RFV it.) -84.161.52.141 16:09, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Aside from whether we can attest this specific word in these specific spellings, it's well recorded in grammatical/phonetical works that SK exists in East Frisian and Southern Westphalian in all positions (but not all dialects of these two) up to today and that medial/final sk exists within Mecklenburg's (rural, western half) dialect at least up into the 19th century. My version of Lauremberg, also Stuttgart '61, but not the manuscript version, has schöne hüser in that spot. I don't find anything suspicious about skön/e; but I do have to admit that can't recall whether I added it after reading about it in a specific book using that spelling or just because I know it exists in actual spoken language. ps.: Westphalian ⟨sch⟩ and Low German ⟨sg⟩ in any dialect depict /sx/, in case that's relevant knowledge to your research. Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 16:40, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Regarding the PS: Thank you very much. I'd guess I've read something like that before (for example, the Germaniens Völkerstimmen above have a similar note for one text and region). But from my experience/hearing I doubt that for Westphalian. In Westphalian  sometimes is [ʃt] and sometimes should be [ʃ]. From my hearing, Sprichwörter has =[ˈʃʊlən] (and =[ʃnaɪ̯] which is a schn vs. sn thing). Well, might be a mishearing (feel free to correct) or NHG influence, degeneration. Then there is Proben (from 1922) {the text might at least once confuse x and χ}, which has Soestisch [st-]=* and [sx-]/[sχ-]=*, but also Soestisch and Paderbornisch [št-]=* and [šx-]=*. [šx-] is not [ʃ-] but also not [sx-]/[sχ-] anymore. Joseph Brand's Studien zur Dialektgeographie des Hochstiftes Paderborn gives 'Paderborner Mundart sχ, sx = lippische Mundart š'. That should either be a generalised Paderbornisch form, or contradict with the Proben. For Lippisch that would be š=[ʃ] and not be a matter of my hearing. kinder-lippe IMHO has =[ʃɔɪ̯n]. siene-puttkers (offers free text and mp3 download) {they might sometimes confuse  and  and pronounce  as [aɪ̯] and  as [ɛɪ̯]} sing  as [ʃ-] in De Schönste in´n Sienesand! (from CD1). karl-vom-ebbe IMHO has [ʃ-] too (in: Musikalischen Heimatabend 1981, ca. 4:10-4:20: ; Schützenfest-Frühschoppen 1960, at the beginning , ca. 1:00-1:10 ). -84.161.52.141 20:35, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * It's High German influence, yes. Traditionally Westphalian has [s̺̠], as every continental dialect had at some point, which sounds like [ʃ] to the an ear which isn't used to the sound, but does not have actual [ʃ]. They retain Middle Low German word-initial /sk/ as [s̠k~s̠x~s̠ç] up to - I think the number I read was 1920s. Thereafter, [s̠] is split by non-conservative speakers (conservative variants continue to exist) into fronted [s] and palatal [ʃ], which occurs in /ʃC/, including [ʃk~ʃx~ʃç], which I also know from East Frisia. The shift /sC/ > /ʃC/ can be seen anywhere, where High German is more common, cf. Fritz Reuter who lived in a highly germanised environment and wrote in a Low German my grandmother from the other side of Mecklenburg considers 'nicht schön'. It might be a native development for Brandenburg, where it seems to start as early as the 17th century, we can't know for sure. Further germanisation towards [ʃ] also exists in Westphalia, even in the same village as other variants. Accompanying the s-split in Westphalia is usually a shift of initial ⟨g⟩ [x~ç] to [g] and a shift from [ɾ] to [ʁ]. I personally consider speakers using these foreignisms to be less native, but an opposing view is of course defendable. But with modern speakers who are usually less than native, you can't really expect to find traditional Westphalian, and it sounds to me that your sound files use [ʃ]. I'd like to restate that 'Low German' here refers to Modern Low German, which is the period after Middle Low German, and thus begins around 1600. Therefore I'd always rather err on the side of conservatism, if I must make a binary choice, as it's more representative of the language of an average actual native speaker of Modern Low German. More notes on transcription: Old German works use a Theutonista-based transcription. It might look like IPA, but it's a safe bet that any German text up to 1930 uses ⟨χ⟩ for IPA's [ç]. Similarly, ⟨ʒ⟩ is IPA [ɣ] in the Theutonista. Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 22:18, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Karl von Ebbe (both persons acting as this fictional person) might be a native, and so could be the singer in the Lippisch source. For Lippisch, Brand's Studien zur Dialektgeographie [etc.] (1914) and Hoffmann's Vocale der lippischen Mundart (1887) already have š. Brand has "šaut, m. Schoss" and similar, but also states: "Statt des š-Lautes, [...], kann in der lippischen Mundart auch eine Aussprache eintreten, bei welcher man zuerst s und dann ein praepalatales χ [..] vernimmt. [...] Die Aussprache sχ (= š) ist indessen im Verschwinden begriffen, man hört sie fast nur noch von älteren Leuten. Beispiele: sχoin, adj. schön; [...]" According to both, in Lippisch * should already be [ʁ], and by Brand * should still be [ç] (as in "χaus, f. Gans", "weχ, m. Weg") or [ɣ] (in the examples only between vowels like "wāᵹən, m. Wagen"). Even if /ʃ̲x̲/ (using ʃ̲ for ʃ or ʃ-like sound and x̲ for a not specified ch-sound) would be more original and thus better (I'm not saying it isn't), when trying to speak Lippisch with a Lippisch person nowdays, [ʃ] seems to be more native-like now and seems like the better choice (I'm not saying that I like this development).
 * Older sources, like the Proben above, might use a pre-Teuthonista system, and sources with Teuthonista or Teuthonista-based systems would rather be "newer works" (often not PD or not freely avaible in the net anyway) instead of "old works" to me.
 * Didn't you say the Proben were from 1922? When I speak of "older works" using Theutonista, I mean works 1750-1920. (I know two or three sources from the early to mid 20s, but I've no idea what they used thereafter. Post WWII it's all IPA of course.) Also, 'fęr̄ix' is how it's said in my family ([fæɾɘx]), and lack of a true palatal fricative is normal for Mecklenburg. I think most Low German dialects which palatalise the velar fricative in a front-vowel context either do so in all positions or not at all, but I never actively paid attention to that. Since [ç] seems a rare exemption for the Wewer speaker in Proben p. 83, I assume he's having a free variation between a default velar and an occasional and contextual weak palatalisation, which the transcriptor was eagerly trying to depict properly. Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 16:11, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
 * According to Teuthonista (Lautschrift) (and other sources), proper Teuthonista is from 1924/1925. So the Proben would use a pre-Teuthonista system. wikisource: Zeitschriften doesn't list Teuthonista and I also didn't find it at google books or internet archive, and at hathitrust it can't be read (not even with US IP). Another pre-Teuthonista system mentioned at German WP can be found in Zeitschrift für hochdeutsche Mundarten (1900). Newer systems would be Teuthonista-based, like the one abstracted at . This even differs between "ich-Laut" ('palatal'), "ech-Laut" ('postpalatal') and "ach-Laut" ('velar') though doesn't mention an uvular ch. -84.161.1.94 04:48, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see. I was referring to the mentioned 'Grundlagen' from the 19th century then, which were in wide and pretty uniform use in dialectal works of the time, while gradually introducing IPA characters here and there. Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 08:46, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:schöön


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/staiga

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) path

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/staiga