text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2019-05/Lemmatizing Akkadian words in their transliteration

Lemmatizing Akkadian terms in their transliteration
Voting on: Moving the current content of Akkadian entries to its transliteration, and leaving a hard redirect when possible (except for single-signed words), leaving a soft one otherwise. The cuneiform script would be included in the head of the word for all entries.

Rationale:  The voters only vote on the proposed action, not on the rationale. Schedule:
 * Vote starts: 00:00, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Vote ends: 23:59, 22 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Vote created: Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 18:29, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/2019-05/Lemmatizing Akkadian words in their transliteration
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]]  Beer_parlour/2016/May

Support

 * 1)  – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 00:02, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * , and I'd support doing this for Hittite as well. Not even scholars use the cuneiform. —Mahāgaja · talk 07:01, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) . I am strongly against any proposal that suggests we should not write any language in its official standard script because of obscurity (this includes Egyptian). However, the technical difficulties with Unicode as of this moment are a serious issue. I do not know if other signs are as problematic or even worse, but for example the DINGIR sign is seriously different between Sumerian and Akkadian, yet they both share the same codepoint. Readers should get the right signs or no signs at all if their devices do not support the character block, but to give them signs that are that different knowing that there is such problem with Unicode is not professional at all. So until the Unicode issue gets resolved, for the sake of accuracy I support this proposal. --Emascandam (talk) 02:11, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * That seems a weird reason to support. I actually don't see this as an issue. A simple solution is to have an Akkadian specific font. If a specific unicode character is indeed the better solution, we can always just use a bot to convert entries when that's released. No reason to throw the baby out with the bath water. -- 04:18, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * It is indeed true that Unicode represents inaccurately most Akkadian cuneiform signs. And as I said in the rationale, signs changed according to period and dialect, so more than a single set of signs would be required if we want to include different dialects at different stages (which I intend to do). Using fonts however, we would only be able to display one set of signs at a time, so it would use the same fonts for Babylonian, Assyrian, Sumerian, and Hittite, all of which require a different set. Furthermore, they would have to be installed by the reader, which I highly doubt will happen. These are the reasons not a single assyriological book uses Unicode but rely on images instead. And as I've already said, that's the proper way to deal with this issue, but that's matter of a different vote. –– Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 15:40, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * No, fonts on wikt can be both language and script dependent, so you ca have one font for Akkadian, and another Sumerian, even if they are the same script. --  16:27, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * If your system has the proper fonts, 述 should appear differently in multiple places on the page. —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 17:58, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I wasn't aware of that. However, I do not see how you'd attempt to do this, because if the signs on the content of the entry are dependent on the language but the fonts of the title remain the same (which is what we're really discussing), the problem hasn't been fixed. The only thing this would achieve is confuse the viewer, not knowing if the correct form is the one in the title or the one in the content, see for example, where there are different contradictory images representing different stages of the sign. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 18:22, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * The head and links would be correct though. It might be too much to ask for the page header as well. I could make the same complaint for Middle Persian written in Avestan, which doesn't use Avestan ligatures, but it's really not that big of a deal if it's just the page name. -- 20:30, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it seems to be a matter of markup. Wouldn’t it be even stranger if “the same sign” is multiple times encoded and thus what is written DINGIR is spread across multiple pages? Also historical representations of Chinese letters don’t get encoded separately either. Fay Freak (talk) 20:14, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 1)  trusting in the judgement of Tom 144 as being the primary editor of Akkadian content. —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 04:28, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * (The rationale is sensible to me. —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 17:58, 14 June 2019 (UTC))
 * 1) --ჯეო/მიქაელ (talk) 15:43, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 2) I oppose this.  Words should always be listed under their native script whenever possible, and obscurity of the script is absolutely no excuse.  However, I agree that there are technical problems with cuneiform Unicode, so only out of necessity, I suppose that I have to  instead.  But if the technical challenges can be overcome in the future, then this policy should be revoted upon to be changed.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 15:18, 24 June 2019 (UTC)
 * , see above reply to Emascandam's vote. I really wouldn't call it much of a technical problem at all. -- 17:35, 24 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, an Akkadian font loaded with CSS will not always work outside of Wikimedia. Wiktionary is more than just a website since it is designed to be copied and redistributed in a wide variety of different media and formats.  Simplest case would be if someone wants to copy and paste the text, they will lose the font formatting.  Unicode should always be used for word entries, and if the script is not fully supported by Unicode, then I agree that Roman transliteration is the best fallback.  But the display of cuneiform on Wiktionary should always use both Unicode and graphics (preferably SVG) in my opinion (for cuneiform that can be displayed by Unicode).  Using graphics-only is a real pain, since then one has to look up the Unicode equivalent (assuming it exists).  For displaying cuneiform, Unicode should ideally be used first, and then graphics as a fallback.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 02:03, 25 June 2019 (UTC)
 * So your argument is because not everyone has fonts installed for certain unicode characters, we should all just use latin characters everywhere? You also do realize that every entry has transliterations and transcriptions on it, right? -- 08:21, 28 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 1)  For all Sumerian cuneiform languages. —*i̯óh₁n̥C[5] 08:39, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I completely agree with Tom 144 both in the "Rationale" and in every comment written until now. --Nebhos2019 (talk) 18:01, 19 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Ineligible to vote per WT:VP: "2. Their account must have at least 50 edits in total...". — surjection ⟨?⟩ 20:05, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1)  Absolutely not. --  07:13, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Any reasons why? – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 11:07, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * For many of the same reasons Fay Freak list on the talk page, and to echo a point from the Sanskrit vote, if you can't handle working in Akkadian cuneiform, you should shouldn't be working in it at all. -- 16:07, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Editors would still be working on cuneiforms, since the script would still be mandatory. The only difference is that the entry would be located under it's transliteration. The content does not change at all, and the knowledge requirements would be the same. --– Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:02, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Disagree. People will always be lazy, and the lazy is just adding the transliteration. You can say it's "mandatory" until your face is blue. -- 20:15, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * This. Can’t force the people to work a certain amount unless by the rod. The bad characters rule the world, and optimism is what makes it even more mediocre. Fay Freak (talk) 23:32, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * This kind of pesimist thinking leads nowhere. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:19, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * See my proposal. -- 17:44, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * 1)  Reasons verso. My prognosis is disfavourable. Fay Freak (talk) 23:32, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The phrase "Reasons verso" is probably intended to mean "reasons are on the talk page of the vote". That people who intentionally make themselves hard to understand (as others have noted) still have a discussion right and voting right is the downside of a wiki where anyone can edit. --Dan Polansky (talk) 07:27, 1 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 1)  Transliteration pages should point to a cuneiform lemma. /mof.va.nes/ (talk) 23:43, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Why? There’s absolutely no benefit for doing that. We lose legibility, accessibility, accuracy, and entries for roots. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 01:32, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1)  The proposal is interesting. I like the following part of the rationale: "Books and dictionaries lemmatize words according to their transliteration or transcriptions. These are the very sources we use for our Akkadian entries." The opposition so far has produced only weak arguments. However, I will wait to see if more worthwhile discussion develops than has so far been the case. I would be happy to see some sources, like links to online dictionaries or to Google Books or other places where I can see the same thing the author of the proposal has seen. --Dan Polansky (talk) 07:22, 1 June 2019 (UTC)
 * The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary is the most prestigious and complete dictionary of the field. Other sources include a glossary of Old Babylonian words in John Huehnergard's grammar book, and another glossary on Old Akkadian in Ignace Gelb's Old Akkadian's grammar. Plus this fairly accurate online reasource that I found. All of these lemmatize at romanizations. I'd challenge the opposition to provide a single source that lemmatizes at cuneiform. I feel the main unstated argument of the opposition is that this violates wiktionary lemmatization tradition. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 16:52, 1 June 2019 (UTC)
 * This argument has been played out so many times, it's practically a meme. What's best online isn't always what's best in print, and vice versa. We're not restricted by things like space and legibility, which I can see as legitimate reasons to not include cuneiform in an Akkadian dictionary. We have the ability to make a better, more complete dictionary, without such restrictions. -- 16:45, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
 * As I've said numerous times now, cuneiform is still going to be included, the location of the entry is the only thing that changes. No content will be lost. None of the arguments I presented on the rationale are restricted to printed dictionaries. Why would the fact that wiktionary is an online resource have anything to do with legibility. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:54, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
 * And as I replied, that's an unrealistic expectation and the only way to have it truly be enforced is to mandate that the entries be in cuneiform. Come again? Print is both restricted in physical page size and print costs. For cuneiform to be legible, it needs to be larger than normal Latin text, especially in print where you have ink bleeding. Trying to say that online and print are no different is just plain silly. -- 20:07, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
 * As I understand your main objection, you start under the assumption that people will be as lazy as they can be, and unless they are forced to do some laborious task, people would opt not to do it. So lemmatizing at cuneiforms serves as a measure against those who will try to ignore the policy and not include the cuneiform script. However, from this initial assumption, this whole project should not work out, because no one is getting paid. Why would people work unnecessarily unless they were forced to do it.
 * Concerning the print and online discussion, I didn't say that print and online were no different, I said they irrelevant to the arguments I raised. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 21:42, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't see how getting paid as anything to do with it. I spend much of my time getting on people's case for being too lazy on en.Wikt, by not including sources, sloppy formatting, etc. If you think laziness of editors isn't a factor, than you've been working in isolation for too long, my friend.
 * It's absolutely relative because you're making an apples to oranges comparison of print dictionaries to the online one on en.Wikt, which is flawed. --  00:02, 21 June 2019 (UTC)
 * @Victar: Can you provide a link to a dictionary that places Akkadian lemmas on cuneiform, whether in print or online? And can you provide a link to a corpus-like resource that uses cuneiform where use of Akkadian terms in Akkadian sentences can be verified? --Dan Polansky (talk) 07:27, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Just like I do with Old Persian, when I want to verify the cuneiform, I go straight to the texts. R:akk:Lenzi:2011 has great facsimiles of texts, for one.
 * Secondly, I want to point out that there is a huge difference between dictionaries in transliterations (R:akk:GOA), and those in transcriptions (R:akk:CDA). I assume Tom is actually suggesting Akkadian entries in transcriptions, like, and not transliterations, like . , can you please clarify? -- 01:23, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * And thirdly, I'm also against Akkadian being lemmatized at all because many of these words only have a single attestation and a lemmatisation makes assumptions that aren't always correct. -- 01:23, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry for not answering sooner, I have been very busy with my exams lately. I mean transliteration, because unlike transcription, it preserves information about the original orthography, since it's purpose is in fact to describe unambiguously the native script. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 15:57, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * @Tom 144: Could you please indicate where 𒊓𒄠𒋢𒌝, 𒌋𒊏𒀸𒌴, and 𒌨𒈨 would be lemmatized, so we see some examples? --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:56, 28 June 2019 (UTC)
 * 𒊓𒄠𒋢𒌝 would be at as an alternative of .   would go at, and 𒌨𒈨 would have to be placed at . I would try to lemmatize at syllabifications whenever possible, unless of course the logographic orthography is vastly more common than the syllabic one. Again, sorry for the delay. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 02:15, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * See my proposal. -- 17:43, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * 1)  Canonicalization (talk) 09:50, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

Decision

 * 7-3-2 passed – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 04:41, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
 * This vote was ill-conceived and needs much discussion before you start moving entries. There needs to be better consensus on what format the entries should have first. -- 22:06, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
 * What do you think is worth re-discussing? Is it the format we should choose for entries or for transliteration? – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 03:12, 8 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Speaking about format, how do you think roots should be listed? Should they be hyphenated, or in capitals? --– Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 03:22, 8 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, as I wrote on the talk page, I think they should be transcriptions if they're lemmatized ( agrees), because lemmatizing transliteration poses the same problems as cuneiform, making it rather pointless. I also think transcriptions should be reconstructions, as that's what they really are. I recommend you go over all the points raised here and on the talk page and start a new discussion in the Beer Parlour, something that really should have happened before this vote. -- 16:28, 9 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Which is why I consider this vote void. It didn’t vote for something certain, and one can’t vote against cuneiform either if the alternative is an unknown – although hm, according to the result of this vote one can now put Akkadian in any form one likes. Great job, Tom. Fay Freak (talk) 00:12, 10 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't think transcriptions should be reconstructions unless the stem isn't attested, or attested poorly. I'd support having the content at transcriptions instead of transliterations, and I agree with you in the fact that it is more convenient to have it lemmatized there, but I do not support moving all Akkadian lemmas to the reconstruction namespace. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 18:33, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
 * And I'll repeat, you should start a discussion with these points in a new Beer Parlour thread. It's ridiculous that this is only being discussed after-the-fact, but here we are. -- 23:32, 19 August 2019 (UTC)


text:
mycotecture

Noun

 * 1)  experimental architectural structures grown out of mushrooms

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: mycotecture


text:
𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to shape, mold, form from earth or clay
 * 2) * Romans 9:20b:
 * "got"

- 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽: 𐍈𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 𐍃𐍅𐌰?

title: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽


text:
Warwulf

Noun

 * 1) werewolf

title: Warwulf


text:
eskubide zibil

Noun

 * 1) civil rights

title: eskubide zibil


text:
ká̄nak'ap̄a

Noun

 * 1) father

title: ká̄nak'ap̄a


text: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃

title: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃


text:
ká̄na 'ek'án̄an

Noun

 * 1) mother

title: ká̄na 'ek'án̄an


text:
nimaamaa

Noun

 * 1) my mother

title: nimaamaa


text: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽

title: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽


text: mullahed

title: mullahed


text: mullahing

title: mullahing


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 歓 read as よろこ


text:
ká̄nak tausík̄is

Noun

 * 1) brother

title: ká̄nak tausík̄is


text:
'et̄e

Noun

 * 1) uncle

title: 'et̄e


text:
𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃

Adjective

 * 1) earthen, made of clay
 * 2) * 2 Timothy 2:20:
 * "got"

- 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌰 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌰𐌺 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌿𐌸-𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼.

title: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃


text: wietrze

title: wietrze


text:
Rëlighion

Noun

 * 1) religion

title: Rëlighion


text: wiatru

title: wiatru


text:
'ansik

Noun

 * 1) aunt

title: 'ansik


text: wiatrem

title: wiatrem


text: wiatrowi

title: wiatrowi


text:
ká̄na 'ek mél̄e

Noun

 * 1) grandmother

title: ká̄na 'ek mél̄e


text: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰

title: 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰


text:
ká̄na 'ek pá̄pa

Noun

 * 1) grandfather

title: ká̄na 'ek pá̄pa


text:
ballbesittelse

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  possession of the ball

title: ballbesittelse


text:
méses

Noun

 * 1) nephew

title: méses


text:
muck and bullets

Noun

 * 1)  Gruelling, unglamorous and potentially dangerous military assignments.

title: muck and bullets


text:
nitkókni wá̄ka

Phrase

 * 1) He passed by

title: nitkókni wá̄ka


text:
Jasminum officinale

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - tribe;  - section;  - genus

Hyponyms

 * For varieties see.

title: Jasminum officinale


text:
wiatrówka

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  windbreaker
 * 2)  lightweight summer shoe that does not cover the entire foot
 * 3)  air gun
 * 4)  fascia, frieze
 * 5)  wind farm
 * 6)  chicken pox, varicella
 * 1)  fascia, frieze
 * 2)  wind farm
 * 3)  chicken pox, varicella
 * 1)  chicken pox, varicella
 * 1)  chicken pox, varicella
 * 1)  chicken pox, varicella

title: wiatrówka


text: 查票员

title: 查票员


text: 死死地气

title: 死死地气


text: 车管所

title: 车管所


text: 老广

title: 老广


text:
półśrodek

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) half-measure

title: półśrodek


text: wietrzy

title: wietrzy


text: wietrzą

title: wietrzą


text: wietrzę

title: wietrzę


text: ballbesittelsen

title: ballbesittelsen


text:
eskubide

Noun

 * 1) right (that which complies with justice, law or reason)
 * 2) entitlement, power, authority
 * 3) permission
 * 4) privilege
 * 1) permission
 * 2) privilege

title: eskubide


text: oręża

title: oręża


text: orężu

title: orężu


text: orężem

title: orężem


text: orężowi

title: orężowi


text: orężów

title: orężów


text: oręży

title: oręży


text: ballbesittelser

title: ballbesittelser


text: ballbesittelsene

title: ballbesittelsene


text: broniom

title: broniom


text: broniami

title: broniami


text: broniach

title: broniach


text: ospy

title: ospy


text: ospie

title: ospie


text: ospo

title: ospo


text: ospą

title: ospą


text: ospę

title: ospę


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2019-05/Lemmatizing Akkadian words in their transliteration

Very few people actually know cuneiform script
People who do not know cuneiform cannot add entries for it reliably either, they do not know what is an alternative form or what is an alternative reading or what is the same word. After allowing Latin script entries the strangest things will be added. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually, having people write in a script they are not familiar with, in a language they don't speak, is a lot more likely to go wrong that just writing the transliteration that was given in the source book they just read. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:03, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * With Egyptian the opposite has been the case. Editors banned because of having no clue of Egyptian but copying over transcriptions wrongly. Fay Freak (talk) 20:05, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Late comment, but for users who aren't editors (I believe these exist as well), it's certainly much easier to type in a Latin transliteration than cuneiform. The difference with Sanskrit is that lots of languages are still written in Nagari script and typing in that script is reasonably accessible. פֿינצטערניש (Fintsternish), she/her (talk) 12:02, 15 August 2019 (UTC)

Egyptian
Egyptian will be moved to Egyptian script when Unicode is ripe. Opening Latin script for Akkadian is a step backwards. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Books
Books and journals have suffered antiquated technology, and lacking oversight because even if a scholar could write it the editor, printer or whoever needed to handle it, hence one made all easier and dirtier with transcriptions and transliterations. If one could have printed cuneiform from the 1860s with ease all would be in cuneiform with transcriptions. But the way of naming the signs used in the originals has failed because the names of signs are ambiguous, so that one needs sign lists (Zeichenlexika). It’s all worse than Arabic in Latin script, because the transcriptions of Arabic are clear, whereas with Akkadian we have transliterations, the naming of the cuneiform signs used, and furthermore ambiguous transcriptions. This should never have been done in the first place, technology forced it. Technology does not force it anymore. People are just too inert to make a cut to the twentieth century and start to do things differently like one always would have if one could have. Like world still suffers copyright though the advantages in processing data without it would be immense, only because many cling to the old ways. So few progressive people. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Books include cuneiforms in their texts, but not to display every single word, because it's cumbersome to readers who rely on transliterations. It's pointless to list words in cuneiforms to someone who can not read them. But they would still be displayed. - Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:59, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh well, the bulk of Arabic and Sanskrit dictionaries is in native script, some with transcriptions and some without, and of those with both some are sorted according to the native script and some after the transcriptions, though there are those which are without native script. But in general dictionaries are not aimed at people who know nothing of the language at all and are only there to harvest for their comparative studies, this is a sad profession. Typically, or normatively, one learns the script, learns about the grammar, then one reads texts and uses dictionaries for them. Fay Freak (talk) 20:10, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, those languages are alive, and they are written in scripts that are still used today. For cuneiforms written languages, textbooks do not advice you to learn the script first, but to learn as you study the language, because otherwise, you are never going to finish. –Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:26, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Search
One can still search transcriptions. Just use the search function and hedge the search as it lists you. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Whats the point of having them lemmatized at cuneiforms if we will still search for transcriptions? – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:54, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I think it is easier for editors to organize around what’s attested. We can have various transcription and transliteration entries (non-lemma, like Pinyin), but nothing will depend on any system or reading. Fay Freak (talk) 19:59, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

It also makes it unnecessarily difficult to look for words in categories
Typical problem if you are not fluent in a script. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is particularly difficult when the number of signs necessary to know to have a minimum understanding of the language adds up to 200 and there can be up to five different versions of each one depending of the period, area, or the scribe. Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:52, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Not all users might be able to display the signs properly
If they have not enabled themselves then they don’t care enough either. They are even free too, as in particular the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Cuneiform signs changed depending on the period, so they do not accurately represent words of all times.
Transcriptions do not accurately represent the words either, caused by the readings being ambiguous. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually, I was arguing about the fonts, not about the words. Signs passed throught various stages (OB lapid, various different cursives, and Neo assyrian), I haven't finished editing the Rationale, so I see why you might have thought I was talking about the phonological representations of the signs, but in my defence, I added a note that said I was still working on it. So I'd appreciate if you'd let me finish before trying to refute my arguments. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:48, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * A similar thing applies to transliterations: There are multiple systems, schools, complications. And yes, actual you were talking about phonological representations. I realized you changed “transcriptions”, while I wrote, to “transliteration”, but there was little to change in my arguments.
 * But hm, transliterations make the matter worse on one side because, as I think, people rather search transcriptions, hardly ever transliterations. Fay Freak (talk) 19:56, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * But transcriptions do not go one-to-one to cuneiform characters, so as you said, information about the spelling would be lost (do to ambiguities). By keeping them in transliterations you assure legibility, and soft redirects can be made from transcriptions. –Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:10, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * If we can do that we can also have the cuneiform as lemmas. Or do we want people who have no clue about the underlying writing system to add masses of transliteration entries, and this is what you want to further? Fay Freak (talk) 20:13, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * All our cuneiform entries rely on transcriptions, because thats how words are written in the sources we provide. There is accutally little knowledge required about the srcipt to contribute to wiktionary given that in worst case scenario you can simply use the module typing-aids and input the transliteration. Pages have to include the transliteration anyway, so why sacrifice legibility lemmatizing in cuneiforms? –Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 20:21, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Why do we even care what the others do?
If we only have what others have people can just go to the others. Fay Freak (talk) 19:34, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * We care because it's the very source we rely on, we can not give them what others do not have, because our content depends on theirs. But again, cuneiforms would still be displayed, so we wouldn’t really stop providing content that we provide now. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 15:48, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

Proposal
and I were discussing this, and there are two proposals I'd like to put forth, neither really being mutually exclusive: -- --  17:41, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) Adding transcriptions where ever possible, including category pages and perhaps headers. Because of the way categories are processed, this would need to be done using Javascript, but I would support doing this for Sanskrit as well.
 * 2) Creating lemmatized entries as reconstructions rendered in transcriptions, with the attested declensions displayed in the declension table. So, for example, the lemmatized entry for  would be found at . Unless you use transcriptions, the only issue that  brings up that will be resolved is legibility, and that can be done using the first proposal without the need of the second.
 * I don’t understand anything of it. What does “lemmatized” mean and why will one suddenly have the word for the sun in the reconstruction namespace? is making it more complicated than ever. It used to be easy: Just write and search what the language’s users actually wrote, and execute the Unicode Consortium’s will. Now you want “systems” and “transcriptions” which can be saved in many ways. The transcriptions are more complicated, unnatural, than the actual script ever was. Unicode is the tool to get back to the roots. Also I am interested what  who has added cuneiform spellings says to all that. Would it be more complicated? Fay Freak (talk) 18:57, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * "What I want"? You're preaching to the choir here -- I'm just trying to find a more practical middle around. I'm not sure why you think lemmatized needs to be in quotes, like it's some foreign concept, and if you read my comments, you'll see that I'm anti-lemmatization. But if my hand is forced and transliterations/transcriptions are made the norm, I think, on both grounds, they should be made reconstructions, because that's really what they are, in the end. -- 20:06, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I know that you want not, here you see the defect English has by merging thou and ye. Transcriptions are probably not reconstructions since they are replacement names for cuneiform signs. However they are uncertain for other reasons. A cuneiform sign has multiple names given to it, if one has ever looked into one of the sign lexica, and after this vote passed one still does not know what can be done. If a word has multiple transcriptions because of multiple sign names these are not properly alternative forms either, because the underlying form is the same. I think this vote is illegal and ineffective even if it passes because of being too inspecific. Anyone, anyone who can, can also create Unicode Akkadian entries since he can say rightly “I do not understand what transscription system or encoding, this is all not thought through”. Fay Freak (talk) 20:16, 6 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I find interesting lemmatizing at reconstructions in order to lemmatize at transcriptions, but I believe it'd be better to do it only for words that are written exclusively with logograms, since one could say that they aren't explicitly attested. And keeping syllabically attested entries at the mainspace. I understand that you probably wouldn't agree with this though. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 19:02, 12 July 2019 (UTC)
 * There was a lot more said here. Can you try and address the entrity of it? -- 20:18, 12 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I guess I didn't understand in what way was the first proposal any different to the way we handle transcriptions today. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 06:12, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
 * So what will be the page titles? On which “transliteration” will the entry for the word for “threshing floor; lot; site; earnest money” transcribed “maškanu” be? You can write it with many transliterations for the same sign, and these two cuneiform signs are one of many ways to express the same word in cuneiform, there are several logographic and syllabic ways to write it and each has multiple transliterations. Other words have hugely differing transcriptions: the word for black cumin has zibibiānu, sibibiānu, zabibânu, sabubânu, šibibânu, šibibiānu, šipipiānu, zizibibiānu in the CAD, volume 2 page 102, many are plausible. You don’t even know what an alternative form is, going from transliterations, or from transcriptions. The possible lemmatization practices contravene WT:EL. Will you have sections like “alternative transliterations”?
 * And now we are told that you do not even know which namespace is to use. You guys are even unsure what is “explicitly attested”, which would not happen that way with the original cuneiform. Important questions for the architecture of Wiktionary which have not been important for printed cuneiform scholarship. You have not seen how you would fit in the things that have been printed on paper into the structure of Mediawiki.
 * Apart from possible TOS violations pursued by this vote because of distorting the principal direction the Wiktionary environment is provided for (there are certain applications which the software under this domain is provided for and practices that exceed the permitted frame, which I will not pursue here), this vote is not binding or effective anyhow because of being underspecified. You won’t be able yourself to put it into practice in a way that satisfies you if you want to do it in a serious extent. And if one tries, people can only watch chaos ensuing. Fay Freak (talk) 21:15, 12 July 2019 (UTC)
 * It is conventional in the field to reference a sign for its voiced form, so MAŠ.GÁN would be the way to go. For example you will never see UD being referenced as UT. Why wouldn't I know what an alternative form is? From the transliteration you can unambiguously get the cuneiform script, given that it offers more information than the cuneiform. If I can tell alternative forms from alternative readings in cuneiform, then why wouldn't I able to do it for transliterations? Most of the multiple forms of zibibiānu you listed are actually multiple orthographies, not multiple readings, so if you lemmatized at cuneiform, you'd still face the same problem. Also, you can see in the CAD yourself that words that have not been syllabically attested are marked with an asterisk, so I do not understand how using the reconstructed namespace would contradict important scholarship, as you believe. – Tom 144 (𒄩𒇻𒅗𒀸) 06:12, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Writing MAŠ.GÁN, MAŠ.GAN₂ or whatever in printed works is fine. On Mediawiki you have to have a certain page title, and the discussion between various tranliterations and their encodings is arbitrary. And some of the signs like U+2080–U+2089 aren’t much easier to type than cuneiform either. Hence it is more straightforward to just have the entries under cuneiform. It is a novelty, and I dare say in my view an abuse, to use the reconstruction namespace for terms that are attested, while only their transcription or transliteration is not (whatever, we are confusing them again): having terms only in the reconstruction namespace because the transcription is uncertain while the spelling is known is topsy-turvy and turns the things upside-down. Fay Freak (talk) 11:22, 13 July 2019 (UTC).


text:
radiocontamination

Noun

 * 1) radioactive or radiological contamination

Translations

 * Italian: radiocontaminazione

title: radiocontamination


text: onucę

title: onucę


text: radiocontaminations

title: radiocontaminations


text:
onuc

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  grandson

title: onuc


text: onucom

title: onucom


text: onucy

title: onucy


text: onucami

title: onucami


text: onucach

title: onucach


text:
Talk:est

est-hole
Occasionally encountered as an insulting term for somebody who has gone through the est therapy course. Equinox ◑ 19:40, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:est


text: onucą

title: onucą


text: onuco

title: onuco


text:
forlenging

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an extension

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an extension

title: forlenging


text:
receptorome

Noun

 * 1)  That part of a genome concerning genes that give rise to receptors

title: receptorome


text: receptoromes

title: receptoromes


text:
repeatless

Adjective

 * 1)  Lacking repeats

Related terms

 * repeatlessness

title: repeatless


text:
repeatlessness

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of being repeatless

title: repeatlessness


text: forlenginga

title: forlenginga


text:
Everest syndrome

Etymology
In reference to 's alleged reply when asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest: "Because it's there."

Noun

 * 1) The tendency of academic researchers to study things merely because they are there to be studied, regardless of whether the research is useful.

title: Everest syndrome


text: 𱉊鹊

title: 𱉊鹊


text: 𱉵𬸩

title: 𱉵𬸩


text: 𱉈鹩

title: 𱉈鹩


text: 𱈂鳙

title: 𱈂鳙


text: forlengingen

title: forlengingen


text: 骙𱄾

title: 骙𱄾


text: forlenginger

title: forlenginger


text:
explosion shot

Noun

 * 1)  A powerful stroke that blasts the ball out of a bunker.

title: explosion shot


text: explosion shots

title: explosion shots


text: forlengingene

title: forlengingene


text:
aldatmaq

Etymology
From, a derivation from , whence also dialectal 🇨🇬.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to deceive, fool
 * 2) to cheat on

title: aldatmaq


text: forlengingar

title: forlengingar


text: forlengingane

title: forlengingane


text:
aldanmaq

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to deceive oneself

title: aldanmaq


text:
𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽

Verb

 * 1) to divide, split up
 * 2) * Mark 15:24:
 * "got"

- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐍉𐍃, 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍈𐌰 𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌹.

 * 1) * Luke 15:12:
 * "got"

- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐍃𐌰 𐌾𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌶𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌹𐌽: 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰, 𐌲𐌹𐍆 𐌼𐌹𐍃, 𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌼 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽.

 * 1) * 1 Corinthians 1:13:
 * "got"

- 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃? 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍀𐌰𐍅𐌻𐌿𐍃 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰, 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐍀𐌰𐍅𐌻𐌿𐍃 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸?

title: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽


text:
otologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) otologist

title: otologi


text: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳

title: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳


text:
exteropsychic

Adjective

 * 1) In transactional analysis, relating to a part of the ego that deals with external perception of the world, and is likened to a parent.

title: exteropsychic


text:
neopsychic

Adjective

 * 1) In transactional analysis, relating to a part of the ego that deals with interpretation and processing of information, and is likened to an adult.

title: neopsychic


text: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰

title: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰


text:
archeopsychic

Adjective

 * 1) In transactional analysis, relating to a part of the ego that deals with subconscious memories, and is likened to a child.

title: archeopsychic


text:
ecoarchitecture

Noun

 * 1) A form of architecture aiming to create environmentally friendly buildings that do not mar landscapes or disrupt ecosystems

Translations

 * Italian:

title: ecoarchitecture


text: ecoarchitectures

title: ecoarchitectures


text: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍃

title: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍃


text: bulanlıq

title: bulanlıq


text:
economic determinism

Noun

 * 1)  A socioeconomic theory stating that economic relationships (such as being an owner or capitalist, or being a worker or proletarian) are the foundation upon which all other societal and political arrangements are based

Related terms

 * ecodeterministic

title: economic determinism


text:
Beardian

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to  (1874–1948), influential American historian.

title: Beardian


text:
Madisonian

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to  (1751–1836), fourth president of the United States, hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

title: Madisonian


text: m/w

title: m/w


text:
Citations:forecrier

 * 1906 December, The Conservator, page 155:
 * Not the bearer of glad tidings of great damnation. A forecrier of earthly rejuvenescence. A summoner. Yet he was not quite a trumpet note of day. He was half nocturnal. Go with him into the enchanted shades. Beautiful dreams will visit you.

title: Citations:forecrier


text:
حذار

Etymology
From the root on the  scale used to form a special group of words known in Arabic as. Compare and.

Verb

 * 1)  watch out! beware!

Usage notes
The verb is defective and does not conjugate or receive case endings; it is used the same way with the same final vowels in all contexts.

title: حذار


text: wiedzieliście

title: wiedzieliście


text: m/w/d

title: m/w/d


text:
unscooped

Adjective

 * 1) Not scooped.

title: unscooped


text: حذاري

title: حذاري


text:
edge number

Noun

 * 1) A sequential identification code on the edge of film, used to locate individual frames when working with sections of the film.

title: edge number


text: edge numbers

title: edge numbers


text:
educated incapacity

Noun

 * 1)  The situation where an organization has become so used to certain policies and practices that it is unable to evaluate their effectiveness and contemplate change.

title: educated incapacity


text: PRS

title: PRS


text:
pervasive refusal syndrome

Noun

 * 1) A mental disorder where a child refuses to eat, drink, talk, walk, and so on, and is highly resistant to treatment.

title: pervasive refusal syndrome


text: الحارث

title: الحارث


text:
self-handicap

Verb

 * 1)  To avoid making an effort, or to introduce deliberate obstacles to one's success, so as to prevent potential failure from hurting one's self-esteem.

Noun

 * 1)  The act of one who self-handicaps, or an obstacle thus introduced.

title: self-handicap


text: self-handicaps

title: self-handicaps


text: self-handicapped

title: self-handicapped


text: self-handicapping

title: self-handicapping


text:
eco-art

Noun

 * 1) Any of various forms of art that promote living in harmony with the natural environment.

title: eco-art


text:
Talk:paraphyte

RFV discussion: April–May 2019
Rfv-sense: A disease caused or accompanied by a proliferation of tissue. There are probably more senses that may be more includable. DTLHS (talk) 17:57, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 22:14, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:paraphyte


text:
Talk:zygology

RFV discussion: April–May 2019
Rfv-sense: The scientific study of zygotes. I see mentions of this word meaning "the study of joining things together". DTLHS (talk) 18:02, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 22:15, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:zygology


text: wiedzie

title: wiedzie


text:
Talk:mm-mm

RFV discussion: April–May 2019
no DTLHS (talk) 17:29, 25 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I think "nn-nn" was probably meant, but that is generally used in speech (although the mouth isn't usually open when it is being uttered). How attestable even is this? Tharthan (talk)
 * Looking at eg., I can find a few uses where it means "mmm" (yum) and a few where it might be an expression of "no" or "yes" but it's not always obvious which, e.g. here. - -sche (discuss) 21:14, 25 April 2019 (UTC)
 * In the dialogue from the Task Listening Teacher's Book it is clearly the same as . Fiona is letting Jackie know that she is still with her; it means the same as “yes, go on”. --Lambiam 01:32, 26 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Like I said, though, [ˈ(ʔ)m̩.ʔm̩] and [ˈ(ʔ)n̩.ʔn̩] can be in free variation to some extent. Whether "nn-nn" (which is common at least where I live, although I was under the impression that it was quite common, especially in North America) is written as "nn-nn" or "mm-mm" seems arbitrary (because it usually isn't written at all, for obvious reasons). Tharthan (talk) 03:06, 26 April 2019 (UTC)

cited Kiwima (talk) 04:37, 26 April 2019 (UTC)

RFV-passed Kiwima (talk) 22:17, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:mm-mm


text: wjedzie

title: wjedzie


text: teksteditoren

title: teksteditoren


text:
newszine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A fanzine that only publishes news.

title: newszine


text: teksteditorer

title: teksteditorer


text:
Trekzine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A Star Trek fanzine.

title: Trekzine


text: Trekzines

title: Trekzines


text: teksteditorene

title: teksteditorene


text:
Trekcon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A Star Trek convention.

title: Trekcon


text:
deep background

Noun

 * 1)  The status of information acquired from a source that may be used, but without either naming or directly quoting the source.

title: deep background


text:
Talk:ճանդարի

ჭანდარი is Mingrelian, ჭადარი is Georgian (lit.). ჭანდარი is used only in some dialects. Abkhazian1 (talk) 21:26, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:ճանդարի


text: suń

title: suń


text: teksteditorar

title: teksteditorar


text:
ұнтақ

Noun

 * 1) powder, speck of dust

title: ұнтақ


text:
Trekfandom

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The fandom of the  science-fiction franchise.

title: Trekfandom


text: teksteditorane

title: teksteditorane


text:
normative forecasting

Noun

 * 1)  backcasting; planning ahead by starting from a future goal and working backwards through the necessary steps

title: normative forecasting


text: truefan

title: truefan


text: truefen

title: truefen


text:
Trekdom

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The fandom of the  science-fiction franchise.
 * 2) * 1983, Theodore Sturgeon, "Introduction", in Sonni Cooper, Black Fire, unnumbered page:
 * She is so involved in Trekdom that she can pick up the phone just once and contact I don't how many meticulously organized Star Trek fandoms.

title: Trekdom


text:
Trekfan

Etymology
From. For the irregular plural, compare.

title: Trekfan


text: Trekfen

title: Trekfen


text: gentlemen's gentlemen

title: gentlemen's gentlemen


text: Trekfans

title: Trekfans


text:
Klingonesque

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a Klingon.

title: Klingonesque


text: chá-khí

title: chá-khí


text: no-loads

title: no-loads


text:
中晝時

Noun

 * 1)  afternoon

title: 中晝時


text: 中昼时

title: 中昼时


text:
пішу

Noun

 * 1) cutting (out)
 * 2) castration
 * 1) castration

Verb

 * 1) to cut (out)
 * 2) to castrate

title: пішу


text: tiong-tàu-sî

title: tiong-tàu-sî


text:
早起時仔

Noun

 * 1)  morning

title: 早起時仔


text:
wspaniałomyślny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) generous, high-minded, magnanimous

title: wspaniałomyślny


text: 早起时仔

title: 早起时仔


text:
шабандау

Noun

 * 1) deceleration

Verb

 * 1) to slow down

title: шабандау


text:
Wallaby

Noun

 * 1)  A player for the, the Australian national rugby union team.

title: Wallaby


text: ē-tàu

title: ē-tàu


text:
wielkoduszny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) big-hearted, large-hearted, magnanimous

title: wielkoduszny


text:
Talk:اشکیل

Persian vs. Arabic form
The correspondence is somewhat irregular. The Arabic looks perfectly native, and this Persian form is unexpected. I assumed a taḥrīf in Persian, which is however bold but thinkable for farriery, or there misses an alternative form. would be another pattern but it does not exist for this case in Arabic. , do you find other Iranian words which could challenge or enrich our etymologies? Surely at least you find some that will enrich the translation table at (where I have already added a lot of Turkic and Mongolic words – it does not seem to appear in Turkic or Mongolic at least). Perhaps  will also find this or that, at least we can ping him because he likely might fancy to add something Armenian, if not other Caucasian things. This farriery stuff is often ignored beyond the name of the farrier himself and the hooves and is a gap to fill. We have yet to make a translation table for  or (→ ) too (this being more or less the same?). Fay Freak (talk) 22:04, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pinging me. I added what I could. For this Arabic word I can offer only 🇨🇬, the comparison with which Ačaṙyan rejects. --Vahag (talk) 13:44, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * An unrelated English grammar question: is "the comparison with which Ačaṙyan rejects" cromulent? I know you can do that in Russian, and although it's true you can say "the like of which I've never seen", here I'd maybe write "which Ačaṙyan rejects the comparison with" or "with which Ačaṙyan rejects the comparison". But none of the three options completely convinces me, in fact. ? Canonicalization (talk) 13:56, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I was consciously calquing the Armenian syntax when I wrote it. --Vahag (talk) 14:34, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * It is, especially in Latinate grammar. Like you can put a preposition in front of a relative pronoun but the colloquial puts it at the end. And as it does not sound too odd in any case you can use it as you prefer it. Fay Freak (talk) 15:32, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I am doubtful about this etymology. In Kurdish we have, . We can explain vowel ē (in New Persin i) an imāla, but the problem is prothesis a which regularly is from MIr. consonant cluster šk-. In Kurdish we have also , . Compare also .--Calak (talk) 08:50, 15 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I have added this to, conjecturing reasons for why the Arabic is borrowed. The etymology retains darkness. Maybe knows more with his bounteous historical knowledge. Fay Freak (talk) 20:49, 15 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I just created and thought myself already smart by relating everything given under  to it when I discovered that this might all be Iranian, from a meaning “binding”; the suffix I came to knew again two days ago at, and rather than refuting Irman’s Middle Persian theory I corroborated it by finding the variation  ~  in Persian, as is so common. You probably know even more comparisons. Though for “bundle” I also know  and , those other shapes gave more impression of foreignness. Fay Freak (talk) 21:00, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:اشکیل


text: mê--sî

title: mê--sî


text:
małoduszny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) meanspirited, ungenerous

title: małoduszny


text: ha̍k-kî

title: ha̍k-kî


text: Template:sga-decl-ih

title: Template:sga-decl-ih


text: chia̍h-àm

title: chia̍h-àm


text:
war garden

Noun

 * 1) victory garden

title: war garden


text: war gardens

title: war gardens


text:
Template:sga-decl-ih/documentation

This template creates a declension-table template for Old Irish feminine ī-stem nouns; this class comes from Proto-Indo-European feminine ih₂-stem nouns. It takes one obligatory positional parameter; the named parameters are optional.

 * 1 the oblique stem, i.e. the genitive singular minus -e. This should end in -a when the preceding consonant is broad. For example, the genitive singular of is, so set the first positional parameter to  . The genitive singular of  is , so set the first positional parameter to  . This parameter may be omitted if it is identical to the page name.
 * acc_sg the accusative singular (also dative singular and nom./voc./acc. plural); omit this if it is equal to 1 plus -i.
 * dat_sg the dative singular if it is equal to the accusative singular.
 * gen_sg the genitive singular/dative/plural; omit this if it is equal to 1 plus -e.
 * dat_pl the dative dual/plural; omit this if it is equal to 1 plus -ib.

title: Template:sga-decl-ih/documentation


text:
Talk:Jaborosa

, this is supposedly from an Arabic word for the mandrake, but nothing I see is a good fit. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:27, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Nothing? seems close enough, and that’s the Arabic word for the mandrake. I of course speak the first consonant in the taxonomic as a voiced palatal approximant.
 * /jabruːħ/
 * /jaboroːsa/
 * Consider also that vulgar transcriptions of Arabic words where thrown around in Latin botanical literature and were copied over and over. Fay Freak (talk) 23:44, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that seems right. I also should've checked our own translation table instead of googling around! —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 01:47, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaborosa


text: Category:mga:Female people

title: Category:mga:Female people


text: Category:mga:Monarchy

title: Category:mga:Monarchy


text: Category:mga:Female

title: Category:mga:Female


text: Category:mga:Forms of government

title: Category:mga:Forms of government


text: Category:mga:Government

title: Category:mga:Government


text: Category:sga:Female people

title: Category:sga:Female people


text: Category:sga:Monarchy

title: Category:sga:Monarchy


text: Category:sga:Forms of government

title: Category:sga:Forms of government


text:
Ankylosaurus

Etymology
From +.

title: Ankylosaurus


text:
Mahajangasuchus

Etymology
From +.

title: Mahajangasuchus


text:
programmerbar

Adjective

 * 1)  programmable

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  programmable

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  programmable

Adjective

 * 1)  programmable

title: programmerbar


text:
-saura

Etymology
From, conceived of as the feminine equivalent for.

title: -saura


text: Category:Translingual terms suffixed with -saura


text:
bwaan

Proper noun

 * 1) Dakota (people)

Related terms

 * bwaanimowin

title: bwaan


text: 𫃎

title: 𫃎


text: 𫃎糬

title: 𫃎糬


text:
Leaellynasaura

Etymology
From (named after Leaellyn Rich, the daughter of the namers  and ) +.

Proper noun
†

title: Leaellynasaura


text:
bwaanimowin

Proper noun

 * 1) Dakota language

title: bwaanimowin


text:
Cathartesaura

Etymology
A pun on using, in reference to the locality "La Buitrera", from.

title: Cathartesaura


text: programmerbart

title: programmerbart


text:
Talk:麻糬

I have a picture of this word written as ⿰米蔴⿰米薯, but I hesitate to add this form because it could just be an advertising gimmick or something --Geographyinitiative (talk) 23:06, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:麻糬


text: Category:as:Water

title: Category:as:Water


text:
Gerrhosaurus

Etymology
From +.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily

Hyponyms

 * - type species; for other species see

title: Gerrhosaurus


text: programmerbare

title: programmerbare


text:
plated lizard

Noun

 * 1) A lizard from the family, native to Africa.

title: plated lizard


text:
nandawaabam

Verb

 * 1) search

title: nandawaabam


text: plated lizards

title: plated lizards


text:
медбике

Noun

 * 1)  nurse

title: медбике


text:
Xenosaurus

Etymology
From +.

title: Xenosaurus


text:
мейірбике

Noun

 * 1)  nurse

title: мейірбике


text: 箝制

title: 箝制


text: emolliences

title: emolliences


text: 兮晡

title: 兮晡


text:
Saichania

Etymology
From +.

title: Saichania


text:
score attack

Noun

 * 1)  A gameplay mode in which the player is challenged to obtain the highest score they can.

title: score attack


text: score attacks

title: score attacks


text: Category:en:Crosses

title: Category:en:Crosses


text: Category:Crosses

title: Category:Crosses


text: Category:Khitan borrowed terms

title: Category:Khitan borrowed terms


text: Category:Khitan terms by etymology

title: Category:Khitan terms by etymology


text: Category:yi:Card games

title: Category:yi:Card games


text:
bahalı

Etymology
Morphologically.

Adjective

 * 1) expensive

title: bahalı


text:
videotarkistus

Noun

 * 1)  video review the review of a play, usually a goal, through recorded video footage

title: videotarkistus


text:
pikauusinta

Noun

 * 1) a replay of a program broadcast soon after the original broadcast
 * 2) instant replay

title: pikauusinta


text:
зағип

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) blind person

title: зағип


text: truefans

title: truefans


text: User:Erutuon/Ancient Greek without breathings/data


text:
polttokammio

Noun

 * 1) combustion chamber

title: polttokammio


text:
valotutka

Noun

 * 1) lidar

title: valotutka


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋaaŋta

Noun

 * 1) spruce, fir

Descendants

 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * South-Eastern:
 * South-Central:
 * Central:
 * South-Eastern:
 * South-Central:
 * South-Central:
 * South-Central:
 * South-Central:
 * South-Central:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋaaŋta


text:
äänitutka

Noun

 * 1) sodar

title: äänitutka


text:
zukehren

Verb

 * 1) to turn rotate something
 * 2)  to stop for a bite to eat on the way
 * 3)  to visit briefly

title: zukehren


text:
кісі

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) person

title: кісі


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xasïïkta

Noun

 * 1) spruce, fir

Descendants

 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * South-Eastern:
 * South-Eastern:
 * South-Eastern:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xasïïkta


text: Category:Italian terms borrowed from Byzantine Greek


text:
𣍐曉

Verb

 * 1)  to be unable to; to not know how to; to have not learned to

title: 𣍐曉


text: 𫧃晓

title: 𫧃晓


text:
imkan

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) possibility the quality of being possible
 * 2) opportunity, potential, chance
 * 3) financial possibilities; means money
 * 1) financial possibilities; means money
 * 1) financial possibilities; means money
 * 1) financial possibilities; means money
 * 1) financial possibilities; means money

title: imkan


text:
User:TheSilverWolf98/Tungusic Etymologies2

Meat

 * Proto-Tungusic: *ölsä
 * Northern:
 * Evenki: ullä
 * Oroqen: ulə
 * Central:
 * Oroch: uktä
 * Udihe: ulähä
 * South-Eastern:
 * Nanai: uleksä
 * Orok: ulisä
 * Ulch: ulsä
 * South-Central:

Spruce, Fir

 * Proto-Tungusic: *ŋaaŋta
 * Northern:
 * Evenki: ŋaaŋtä
 * Negidal: ŋaaŋta
 * Central:
 * Udihe: ŋaŋta
 * South-Eastern:
 * Nanai: waŋta
 * Orok: waŋta ~ waŋïta
 * Ulch: waŋta
 * South-Central:
 * Manchu: wantaha

Hip, Thigh

 * Proto-South-Tungusic: *talpï
 * South-Eastern:
 * Nanai: talpe
 * Orok: talpï ~ talïpu
 * Ulch: tarpï


text:
క్యూసెక్కు

Noun

 * 1) A measure of the rate of flow of fluid, equal to one cubic foot per second - cusec.

title: క్యూసెక్కు


text:
毋捌

Adverb

 * 1)  never

Verb

 * 1)  to not recognize

title: 毋捌


text: o̍h

title: o̍h


text:
imkansızlıq

Etymology
Morphologically.

Noun

 * 1) need, indigence

title: imkansızlıq


text:
𫧃

Glyph origin
.

title: 𫧃


text:
గోరు వాస్తే వేలంత, వేలు వాస్తే కాలంత, కాలు వాస్తే రోలంత, రోలు వాస్తే యెంత

Proverb

 * 1) If the nail swell, [it will be] as big as finger; If the finger swell [it will be] as big as leg; If the leg swells [it will be] as big as mortar; if the mortar swell how big [it will be?]


text:
qeyri-mümkün

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) impossible

title: qeyri-mümkün


text: Category:Azerbaijani terms prefixed with qeyri-


text:
mümkünsüz

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) impossible

title: mümkünsüz


text:
చినుకులకు చెరువులు నిండుతవా

Proverb

 * 1) Will the tanks be filled by drizzling rain?

title: చినుకులకు చెరువులు నిండుతవా


text:
చెరువు

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A tank or artificial lake.

title: చెరువు


text: చెరువులు

title: చెరువులు


text: grudy

title: grudy


text: grudzie

title: grudzie


text: grudą

title: grudą


text: grudę

title: grudę


text: QHT

title: QHT


text:
kriete

Etymology
From, from. More at 🇨🇬. Cognates with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to scream, cry, shout
 * 2) to cry, weep, whine

title: kriete


text: grudom

title: grudom


text: Category:ro:Rose family plants

title: Category:ro:Rose family plants


text: Category:ro:Rosales order plants

title: Category:ro:Rosales order plants


text: grudami

title: grudami


text: grudach

title: grudach


text:
qeyri-hökümət təşkilatı

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) non-governmental organization

title: qeyri-hökümət təşkilatı


text: grudce

title: grudce


text: grudek

title: grudek


text: grudki

title: grudki


text: grudko

title: grudko


text: grudką

title: grudką


text: grudkę

title: grudkę


text:
చిన్నక్కను పెద్దక్కను, పెద్దక్కను చిన్నక్కను చేశేవాడు

Proverb

 * 1) He makes the younger sister the elder, and the elder sister the younger.


text: zespole

title: zespole


text: zespoły

title: zespoły


text: zespołem

title: zespołem


text: zespołowi

title: zespołowi


text: zespołów

title: zespołów


text: zespołom

title: zespołom


text: zespołami

title: zespołami


text: zespołach

title: zespołach


text:
mathy

Etymology
From.

title: mathy


text:
təşkilat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) organization

title: təşkilat


text:
చీకటి కొన్నాళ్లు, వెన్నెల కొన్నాళ్లు

Proverb

 * 1) Darkness for some days, moonlight for some days.

title: చీకటి కొన్నాళ్లు, వెన్నెల కొన్నాళ్లు


text:
Expositur

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  parish exclave
 * 2)  a foreign branch of a business

title: Expositur


text:
చీమలు పెట్టిన పుట్టలు పాములకు యిరవు అవుతున్నవి

Proverb

 * 1) Anthills raised by ants become the dwelling of snakes.


text:
Rinchenia

Etymology
+.

title: Rinchenia


text:
Barsboldia

Etymology
+.

title: Barsboldia


text:
şahsiyet

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) personality, character, individuality.
 * 2) person.

title: şahsiyet


text:
ఇరవు

Noun

 * 1) place

title: ఇరవు


text:
grudź

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  land, field

title: grudź


text: grudzi

title: grudzi


text: grudzią

title: grudzią


text: endophthalmites

title: endophthalmites


text: endophthalmitides

title: endophthalmitides


text:
Tableau

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  tableau arrangement of actors on stage or screen
 * 2)  painting
 * 3)  display poster
 * 4)  table, chart, ranking
 * 5)  tenant directory

title: Tableau


text: duchów

title: duchów


text: duchom

title: duchom


text: duchami

title: duchami


text:
Niederdruck

Noun

 * 1) low gas or vapor pressure
 * 2)  low air pressure
 * 3)  gravure

title: Niederdruck


text: duchu

title: duchu


text: duchowi

title: duchowi


text: duchowa

title: duchowa


text: duchową

title: duchową


text: duchowe

title: duchowe


text:
Offizial

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  judicial vicar
 * 2)  title for civil servants

title: Offizial


text:
福食

Noun

 * 1)  sacrificial food
 * 2)  daily meals

title: 福食


text:
祀神

Verb

 * 1)  to offer sacrifices to the gods

title: 祀神


text: sìshén

title: sìshén


text:
Talk:Manilkara

, can you find the supposed Malayalam etymon for this genus? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 02:21, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * A bit late, but found it. —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 23:26, 15 June 2019 (UTC)
 * : Thank you! There was no rush, and I just appreciate you going back to deal with old pings. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:29, 15 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manilkara


text:
Plätte

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  iron for pressing clothes

Etymology 2
From, probably from , , from ; if so. Not attested in 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A type of flat (cargo) ship.

title: Plätte


text:
中東米

Noun

 * 1) couscous

title: 中東米


text: 中东米

title: 中东米


text: zhōngdōngmǐ

title: zhōngdōngmǐ


text:
plätten

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to iron (clothes)

title: plätten


text:
姐妹市

Noun

 * 1) sister city

title: 姐妹市


text:
姊妹市

Noun

 * 1) sister city

title: 姊妹市


text:
姐妹城

Noun

 * 1) sister city

title: 姐妹城


text:
姊妹城

Noun

 * 1) sister city

title: 姊妹城


text:
兄弟市

Noun

 * 1) sister city

title: 兄弟市


text: jiěmèishì

title: jiěmèishì


text: zǐmèishì

title: zǐmèishì


text: jiěmèichéng

title: jiěmèichéng


text: zǐmèichéng

title: zǐmèichéng


text: xiōngdìshì

title: xiōngdìshì


text: Thesaurus:友好城市

title: Thesaurus:友好城市


text:
刺果番荔枝

Noun

 * 1) soursop

title: 刺果番荔枝


text:
紅毛榴蓮

Noun

 * 1) soursop

title: 紅毛榴蓮


text: 红毛榴莲

title: 红毛榴莲


text: cìguǒ fānlìzhī

title: cìguǒ fānlìzhī


text: hóngmáo liúlián

title: hóngmáo liúlián


text:
電子遊戲控制臺

Noun

 * 1) video game console

title: 電子遊戲控制臺


text:
遊戲主機

Noun

 * 1) video game console

title: 遊戲主機


text: chhiú-ki-á

title: chhiú-ki-á


text: 电子游戏控制台

title: 电子游戏控制台


text: 游戏主机

title: 游戏主机


text: Thesaurus:遊戲機

title: Thesaurus:遊戲機


text: diànzǐ yóuxì kòngzhìtái

title: diànzǐ yóuxì kòngzhìtái


text: yóuxì zhǔjī

title: yóuxì zhǔjī


text:
ішек

Etymology
From Common Kypchak, from an earlier form , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1)  intestine, gut

title: ішек


text:
控制臺

Noun

 * 1) console
 * 2) control desk

title: 控制臺


text: kòngzhìtái

title: kòngzhìtái


text:
遊樂器

Noun

 * 1)  video game console

title: 遊樂器


text: 游乐器

title: 游乐器


text: yóulèqì

title: yóulèqì


text:
回鯉

Etymology
. See the Chinese entry for the figurative use of.

Noun

 * 1)  a return letter, a written reply

Verb

 * 1)  to send a return letter, to reply in writing

title: 回鯉


text:
吉士打

Etymology
Borrowed from, via.

Noun

 * 1)  custard

title: 吉士打


text: jíshìdǎ

title: jíshìdǎ


text:
卡士達

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 卡士達


text:
奶油凍

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 奶油凍


text:
乳蛋糕

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 乳蛋糕


text:
蛋羹

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 蛋羹


text:
軟凍

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 軟凍


text:
牛奶沙司

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 牛奶沙司


text:
蛋漿

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 蛋漿


text:
蛋奶凍

Noun

 * 1) custard

title: 蛋奶凍


text: 卡士达

title: 卡士达


text: 奶油冻

title: 奶油冻


text: 软冻

title: 软冻


text: 蛋浆

title: 蛋浆


text: 蛋奶冻

title: 蛋奶冻


text: kǎshìdá

title: kǎshìdá


text: nǎiyóudòng

title: nǎiyóudòng


text: rǔdàngāo

title: rǔdàngāo


text: dàngēng

title: dàngēng


text: ruǎndòng

title: ruǎndòng


text: niúnǎi shāsī

title: niúnǎi shāsī


text: dànjiāng

title: dànjiāng


text: dànnǎidòng

title: dànnǎidòng


text: Thesaurus:奶黃

title: Thesaurus:奶黃


text: jíshìfěn

title: jíshìfěn


text:
phanh phui

Verb

 * 1) to expose, to reveal, to uncover

Adjective

 * 1) exposed

title: phanh phui


text:
吉士醬

Noun

 * 1)  custard sauce

title: 吉士醬


text: 吉士酱

title: 吉士酱


text: jíshìjiàng

title: jíshìjiàng


text: zespolę

title: zespolę


text: zespoli

title: zespoli


text: zespolą

title: zespolą


text: zespól

title: zespól


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 十 read as じゅっ


text: 回魚

title: 回魚


text:
Module:User:Benwing2/etymology/templates

local export = {}

local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_internal = require("Module:User:Benwing2/etymology/templates/internal")

-- For testing local force_cat = false

function export.etyl(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "und"}, [2] = {},		["sort"] = {}, }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local source = m_internal.fetch_source(args[1]) local lang = args[2] local sort_key = args["sort"] -- Empty language means English, but "-" means no language. Yes, confusing... if not lang then lang = "en" elseif lang == "-" then lang = nil end if lang then lang = m_internal.fetch_lang(lang, 2) end if lang and (lang:getCode == "la" or lang:getCode == "nl") then require("Module:debug").track("etyl/" .. lang:getCode) require("Module:debug").track("etyl/" .. lang:getCode .. "/" .. source:getCode) end return require("Module:User:Benwing2/etymology").format_etyl(lang, source, sort_key) end

-- Supports various specialized types of borrowings, according to `bortype`: --  "learned" = / --  "semi-learned" = / --  "orthographic" = / --  "unadapted" = / --  "calque" = / --  "partial-calque" = / --  "semantic-loan" = / --  "transliteration" = / --  "phono-semantic-matching" = / function export.specialized_borrowing(frame, bortype) bortype = bortype or frame.args.bortype local args = frame:getParent.args if args.gloss then require("Module:debug").track("borrowing/" .. bortype .. "/gloss param") end

-- More informative error message for, which used to support other params. if bortype == "calque" and (args["etyl lang"] or args["etyl term"] or args["etyl t"] or args["etyl tr"]) then error(" no longer supports parameters beginning with etyl. " ..			"The parameters supported are similar to those used by " ..			",, " ..			". See Template:calque/documentation for more.") end local args, lang, term, sources = m_internal.parse_2_lang_args(frame, "has text") local m_etymology_specialized = require("Module:User:Benwing2/etymology/specialized") if sources then return m_etymology_specialized.specialized_multi_borrowing(bortype, lang, sources, term,			args["sort"], args["nocap"], args["notext"], args["nocat"]) else return m_etymology_specialized.specialized_borrowing(bortype, lang, term, args["sort"],			args["nocap"], args["notext"], args["nocat"]) end end

-- FIXME: Remove the following entry points after fixing the callers. function export.learned_borrowing(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "learned") end

function export.semi_learned_borrowing(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "semi-learned") end

function export.orthographic_borrowing(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "orthographic") end

function export.unadapted_borrowing(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "unadapted") end

function export.calque(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "calque") end

function export.partial_calque(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "partial-calque") end

function export.semantic_loan(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "semantic-loan") end

function export.transliteration(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "transliteration") end

function export.psm(frame) return export.specialized_borrowing(frame, "phono-semantic-matching") end

-- Implementation of miscellaneous templates such as, , --, , and that have a single -- associated term. function export.misc_variant(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "und"}, [2] = {},		[3] = {alias_of = "alt"}, [4] = {alias_of = "t"}, ["alt"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {alias_of = "t"}, ["g"] = {list = true}, ["id"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["pos"] = {}, ["t"] = {}, ["tr"] = {}, ["ts"] = {}, ["sc"] = {}, ["nocap"] = {type = "boolean"}, -- should be processed in the template itself ["notext"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["sort"] = {}, }	-- |ignore-params= parameter to module invocation specifies -- additional parameter names to allow in template invocation, separated by -- commas. They must consist of ASCII letters or numbers or hyphens. local ignore_params = frame.args["ignore-params"] if ignore_params then ignore_params = mw.text.trim(ignore_params) if not ignore_params:match "^[%w%-,]+$" then error("Invalid characters in |ignore-params=: " .. ignore_params:gsub("[%w%-,]+", "")) end for param in ignore_params:gmatch "[%w%-]+" do			if params[param] then error("Duplicate param |" .. param					.. " in |ignore-params=: already specified in params") end params[param] = {} end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local lang = m_internal.fetch_lang(args[1], 1) local sc = m_internal.fetch_script(args["sc"], "sc")

local parts = {} if not args["notext"] then table.insert(parts, frame.args["text"]) end if args[2] or args["alt"] then if not args["notext"] then table.insert(parts, " ") table.insert(parts, frame.args["oftext"] or "of") table.insert(parts, " ") end table.insert(parts, require("Module:links").full_link( {				lang = lang, sc = sc, term = args[2], alt = args["alt"], id = args["id"], tr = args["tr"], ts = args["ts"], genders = args["g"], gloss = args["t"], pos = args["pos"], lit = args["lit"], },			"term", true)) end -- Allow |cat=, |cat2=, |cat3=, etc. They must be sequential. If |cat= -- is not defined, |cat2= will not be checked. Empty categories are ignored. local categories = {} if not args["nocat"] and frame.args["cat"] then local cat_number while true do local cat = frame.args["cat" .. (cat_number or "")] if not cat then break end cat = mw.text.trim(cat) if cat ~= "" then table.insert(categories, lang:getCanonicalName .. " " .. cat) end cat_number = (cat_number or 1) + 1 end end if #categories > 0 then table.insert(			parts,			require("Module:utilities/format_categories")(categories, lang, args["sort"], nil, force_cat)) end

return table.concat(parts) end

-- Implementation of miscellaneous templates such as Unknown that have no -- associated terms. function export.misc_variant_no_term(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "und"},

["title"] = {}, ["nocap"] = {type = "boolean"}, -- should be processed in the template itself ["notext"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["sort"] = {}, }

if frame.args["title2_alias"] then params[2] = {alias_of = "title"} end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local lang = m_internal.fetch_lang(args[1], 1)

local parts = {} if not args["notext"] then table.insert(parts, args["title"] or frame.args["text"]) end if not args["nocat"] and frame.args["cat"] then local categories = {} table.insert(categories, lang:getCanonicalName .. " " .. frame.args["cat"]) table.insert(parts, require("Module:utilities/format_categories")(categories, lang, args["sort"], nil, force_cat)) end

return table.concat(parts) end

return export


text:
スピードバンプ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a speed bump

title: スピードバンプ


text:
şəxsiyyət

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) personality, character
 * 2) person, individual, identity
 * 1) person, individual, identity
 * 1) person, individual, identity
 * 1) person, individual, identity

title: şəxsiyyət


text:
回李

Etymology
From. The figurative use of is from the following line in the :
 * Original Chinese: 投我以桃、報之以李
 * Japanese reading:

Noun

 * 1)  return; repayment
 * 2)  reply letter
 * 3)  messenger sending such a letter

Verb

 * 1)  to send a return letter, to reply in writing

title: 回李


text: 廻李

title: 廻李


text:
Talk:verwandeln

Can anyone tell me how to construe Rilke's use of this this verb in "Fragmente Aus Verlorenen Tagen" "Fragments from Lost Days":

Ich spürte jede Spitze seiner Spiele, / und war, als ob ein Regen auf mich fiele, / in welchem alle Dinge sich verwandeln.

it could be used as a good example in the quotations.

Apcolter (talk) 03:55, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

 * The last two lines mean: "I / It was as if a rain were falling on me, in which all things change (into something else)." That is, the rain causes the things to metamorphose. --- Personally, I don't understand the first line, which literally means "I felt every point (pointed tip) of his/its games", but maybe it makes sense in context. 2.203.201.113 15:45, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:verwandeln


text:
znajda

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  foundling

Noun

 * 1)  foundling

title: znajda


text: thài

title: thài


text:
Talk:太

Seemingly anomalous pronunciations in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典
I was doing homework for my Taiwanese Min Nan class when I discovered that there are unusual readings given for the character '太' in two entries related to the geography of Hualien County, Taiwan in the 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. The character's pronunciation is given as 'thài' for most entries. Both of the terms in question are ultimately derived from aboriginal languages.

The first anomaly is '', the original name of a creek in the mountains south of Hualien city, which has a purported pronunciation of 'Má-tāi-an-khe'. The creek's name is derived from the name of a branch of the Amis aboriginal ethnic group. I know that 大 and 太 can be interchangeable in limited circumstances Mandarin Chinese, so I don't think it's a coincidence that 太 is being pronounced with the 'tāi' pronunciation here-- or perhaps someone compiling the dictionary just mixed up 大 and 太, or their pronunciations?

The second anomaly is found in the entry '太魯閣大山' which is given the pronunciation 'Thāi-lóo-kooh-tuā-suann'. In this case, there is a '太' and a '大' in close proximity- one could have influenced the other or who knows what. A native Taiwanese speaker thought that the pronunciation was 'Thāi-lóo-kooh'-.

Anyway, I hypothesize that these pronunciations may not be 100% mistaken, but might potentially be reflective of some kind of 大/太 switch or other unusual situation. Some kind of explanation seems needed. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 04:56, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

 * I still have no explanation for this situation --Geographyinitiative (talk) 01:59, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

Also "grand"?
Can "太" also be translated into English as "grand"? 173.88.246.138 03:48, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:太


text:
'atsiákis

Noun

 * 1) young lady

title: 'atsiákis


text:
懐裏

Noun

 * 1) the futokoro, the pocket-like space within the front of a kimono above the obi
 * 2) the inside of the futokoro
 * 3) the inside of one's heart or mind

title: 懐裏


text:
kót̄so

Noun

 * 1) young man

title: kót̄so


text: 懐裡

title: 懐裡


text:
'át̄ús

Noun

 * 1) baby

title: 'át̄ús


text:
abinoojiiyens

Noun

 * 1) baby

title: abinoojiiyens


text:
ܝܘܬܪܢܐ

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) advantage, superiority, excellence
 * 2) superabundance, superfluity
 * 3)  profit, gain

Etymology
From the root, related to remaining; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) remainder, leftover, excess
 * 2) plenty, abundance, superabundance, superfluity
 * 3) increase
 * 4)  profit, gain
 * 5) lucre
 * 6) * Peshitta, 1 Peter 5:2:
 * "syc"

- ܪܥܘ ܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܡܫܠܡܐ ܠܟܘܢ: ܘܣܥܘܪܘ ܪܘܚܢܐܝܬ: ܠܐ ܒܩܛܝܪܐ ܐܠܐ ܒܨܒܝܢܐ: ܠܐ ܒܝܘܬܪ̈ܢܐ ܛܢ̈ܦܐ: ܐܠܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܟܠܗ ܠܒܟܘܢ

 * 1) use, utility, value, virtue
 * 2) advantage, superiority, excellence
 * 3) benefit
 * 4) possession, property
 * 5) enjoyment

title: ܝܘܬܪܢܐ


text:
kāna 'ek'in̄is

Noun

 * 1) my son

title: kāna 'ek'in̄is


text:
快利

Adjective

 * 1)  sharp
 * 2)  quick; sharp

Noun

 * 1)  sharpness
 * 2)  quickness; sharpness

title: 快利


text:
ká̄nakkānaim'in

Noun

 * 1) my daughter

title: ká̄nakkānaim'in


text:
indaanis

Noun

 * 1) my daughter

title: indaanis


text:
'úqi

Noun

 * 1) mother-in-law

title: 'úqi


text:
tootma

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1) to manufacture, to produce

title: tootma


text:
menék

Noun

 * 1) father-in-law

title: menék


text:
外灯

Noun

 * 1) outside light; electric light installed outdoors

title: 外灯


text:
muwékma

Noun

 * 1) Alternative spelling of Muwekma

title: muwékma


text: Category:syc:Economics

title: Category:syc:Economics


text:
húntáts

Noun

 * 1) old man

title: húntáts


text:
計器

Noun

 * 1) meter, gauge

title: 計器


text:
kétnéts

Noun

 * 1) old woman

title: kétnéts


text:
การส่อง

Etymology
From.

title: การส่อง


text:
tsót̄so

Noun

 * 1) grandchild

title: tsót̄so


text:
掲記

Noun

 * 1) recording in official record

Verb

 * 1) to record in official record

title: 掲記


text:
tá̄ris

Noun

 * 1) man

title: tá̄ris


text:
経紀

Noun

 * 1) official discipline governing a country, etc.; law and order
 * 2) management; administration; operation

Verb

 * 1) to manage; to administrate; to operate

title: 経紀


text:
ló̄le

Noun

 * 1) A Northern Ohlone women's dance

title: ló̄le


text:
軽気

Noun

 * 1) gas lighter than air

title: 軽気


text:
軽機

Noun

 * 1)  LMG

title: 軽機


text:
軽機関銃

Noun

 * 1) light machine gun machine gun which can be operated by one person

title: 軽機関銃


text:
ανάρια

Adverb

 * 1) thinly, sparsely, loosely
 * 2) seldom
 * 1) seldom

title: ανάρια


text:
重機関銃

Noun

 * 1) heavy machine gun

title: 重機関銃


text: eng-àm

title: eng-àm


text:
重機

Noun

 * 1)  heavyweight motorcycle

Noun

 * 1) heavy machinery; heavy equipment
 * 1) heavy machinery; heavy equipment

title: 重機


text:
निळा

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) blue

title: निळा


text:
軽騎

Noun

 * : light cavalry

title: 軽騎


text:
pannkook

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pancake, crepe

title: pannkook


text:
軽騎兵

Noun

 * 1) light cavalry

title: 軽騎兵


text:
kondiiter

Noun

 * 1) confectioner

title: kondiiter


text:
黄経

Noun

 * 1) ecliptic longitude

Noun

 * 1) ecliptic longitude

title: 黄経


text:
後景

Noun

 * 1) background; setting

Noun

 * 1) background; setting

title: 後景


text: αραιώνομαι

title: αραιώνομαι


text: αραιώθηκα

title: αραιώθηκα


text: αραιέ

title: αραιέ


text:
αναριεύω

Verb

 * 1) to dilute, thin out, thin, spread out

title: αναριεύω


text:
retroaortic

Adjective

 * 1) That flows in the opposite direction to that of the aorta

title: retroaortic


title: User:Benwing2/doublet


text:
αναριθμητισμός

Noun

 * 1) renumbering

title: αναριθμητισμός


text: αναριθμητισμού

title: αναριθμητισμού


text: αναριθμητισμό

title: αναριθμητισμό


text: αναριθμητισμέ

title: αναριθμητισμέ


text: αναριθμητισμών

title: αναριθμητισμών


text:
bacher

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) badger

title: bacher


text: αναριθμητισμούς

title: αναριθμητισμούς


text: αναριθμητισμοί

title: αναριθμητισμοί


text:
ribonucleoproteome

Noun

 * 1)  A proteome of ribonucleoproteins

Related terms

 * ribonucleoproteomic

title: ribonucleoproteome


text:
ribonucleoproteomic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to ribonucleoproteomes

title: ribonucleoproteomic


title: User:Benwing2/test-doublet


text:
rickettsiostatic

Adjective

 * 1) That halts the spread of rickettsiosis

title: rickettsiostatic


text:
שליאַך

Etymology
Borrowed from  or, cf. 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) path

title: שליאַך


text:
rumplessness

Noun

 * 1) The condition of being rumpless

title: rumplessness


text:
чепок

Noun

 * 1)  a cafeteria located inside of the military unit where soldiers can buy food, snacks or coffee.

title: чепок


text: чипок

title: чипок


text:
αναρπάζω

Etymology
From. .

Verb

 * 1) to plunder take violently
 * 2) to grab, snatch
 * 3) to snap up

title: αναρπάζω


text: εξημέρωσης

title: εξημέρωσης


text: εξημερώσεως

title: εξημερώσεως


text: εξημερώσεων

title: εξημερώσεων


text: εξημερώσεις

title: εξημερώσεις


text: εξήγησης

title: εξήγησης


text: εξηγήσεως

title: εξηγήσεως


text: εξηγήσεων

title: εξηγήσεων


text: εξηγήσεις

title: εξηγήσεις


text:
ahatan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to call, name

title: ahatan


text:
каскадер

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stuntman

title: каскадер


text:
forhatan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to promise or vow not to do
 * 2) to renounce, forswear
 * 3) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
 * "ang"

- Ne lyst mē nāwiht ðāra metta þe ic forhātan habbe, ac mē lyst ðāra þe ic getiohhod habbe tō ætanne, ðonne ic hī gesēo.

 * 1) to declare criminal, outlaw, forbid

title: forhatan


text:
onhatan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to promise

title: onhatan


text:
овластителен

Adjective

 * 1)  authorization

Adjective

 * 1)  authorization

title: овластителен


text:
behatland

Noun

 * 1) promised land

title: behatland


text:
gehatland

Noun

 * 1) promised land

title: gehatland


text:
hæs

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hoarse

Etymology
Related to

Noun

 * 1) command, order
 * 2) obligatory office or service

title: hæs


text:
behæs

Etymology

 * equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) self-command, vow, promise

title: behæs


text:
niedhæs

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) command through compulsion

title: niedhæs


text:
forhatena

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) ill-named or reprobate person

title: forhatena


text:
winhate

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) feast

title: winhate


text:
cnyssan

Verb

 * 1) to press, trouble
 * 2)  to toss
 * 3)  to strike, dash, beat
 * 4) to overcome

title: cnyssan


text:
acnyssan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to expel, beat off (with adverb ūt)
 * 2) * 1921, Joseph Bosworth & Thomas Northcote Toller, Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

title: acnyssan


text:
gecnyssan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to press, trouble
 * 2)  to strike, dash, beat
 * 3) to overcome

title: gecnyssan


text:
oncnyssan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to strike down, cast down

title: oncnyssan


text:
tocnyssan

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to crush to pieces, smash, shatter

title: tocnyssan


text:
cnyssung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) striking, stroke

title: cnyssung


text:
cnyss

Noun

 * 1) beating, pulsation

title: cnyss


text:
gecnos

Noun

 * 1) knocking together, collision

title: gecnos


text:
迎刃而解

Idiom

 * 1) easily handle a situation

title: 迎刃而解


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/bøhɔi

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/bøhɔi


text:
狡計

Noun

 * 1) crafty trick; clever scheme

Noun

 * 1) crafty trick; clever scheme

title: 狡計


text: 狡计

title: 狡计


text:
皇系

Noun

 * 1) the imperial family line

title: 皇系


text: kàm-sī

title: kàm-sī


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/tihi

Etymology
From, from.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/tihi


text: Category:Proto-Otomi verbs

title: Category:Proto-Otomi verbs


text: Category:Proto-Otomi intransitive verbs

title: Category:Proto-Otomi intransitive verbs


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/dɔ

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Otomi/dɔ


text:
降等

Noun

 * 1)  demotion

Verb

 * 1) to demote

title: 降等


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Oto-Pamean/-tao

Etymology
From.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Oto-Pamean/-tao


text: Category:Portuguese terms derived from Koine Greek


text:
Kulturlandschaft

Noun

 * 1) cultural landscape landscape designed and created intentionally by man

title: Kulturlandschaft


text:
制式

Noun

 * 1) standardized type; standard (service, method, etc.); fixed pattern or formula
 * 2)  standardized equipment
 * 3)  system; format (e.g. PAL or NTSC systems for TV signals, or GSM, CDMA, 3G or 4G systems for mobile phone signals)

Noun

 * 1) defined style; standard

title: 制式


text:
整式

Noun

 * 1)  polynomial
 * 2)   integral expression

title: 整式


text:
Flächenfraß

Noun

 * 1)  excessive consumption of land; urban sprawl

title: Flächenfraß


text:
Ormuz

Proper noun

 * 1) Ormus

title: Ormuz


text:
Panfilia

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Pamphylia

Proper noun

 * 1) Pamphylia

title: Panfilia


text:
Angelópolis

Proper noun

 * 1) Puebla; Puebla de Zaragoza

title: Angelópolis


text:
Cuaternario

Proper noun

 * 1) Quaternary

title: Cuaternario


text:
Rómulo

Proper noun

 * 1) Romulus cofounder of Rome

Proper noun

 * 1) Romulus cofounder of Rome

title: Rómulo


text:
Argólide

Proper noun

 * 1) Argolis

title: Argólide


text:
Todopoderoso

Proper noun

 * 1) Almighty

title: Todopoderoso


text:
Corintios

Proper noun

 * 1) Corinthians Bible book

title: Corintios


text:
Mesías

Proper noun

 * 1) Messiah

title: Mesías


text:
máchmetro

Noun

 * 1) Machmeter

title: máchmetro


text: Nicolasa

title: Nicolasa


text:
témpora

Etymology
From, plural form of.

Noun

 * 1)  Ember day

title: témpora


text:
arponar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to harpoon

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to harpoon

title: arponar


text:
iliberalismo

Noun

 * 1) illiberalism

title: iliberalismo


text: informadora

title: informadora


text:
carrasquilla

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) kermes oak
 * 2) common name of various scrub plants, see Spanish Wikipedia

title: carrasquilla


text:
misesiano

Adjective

 * 1) Misesian

Noun

 * 1) Misesian

title: misesiano


text:
machihembrar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to dovetail

title: machihembrar


text:
diafragmar

Verb

 * 1) to diaphragm

title: diafragmar


text:
adamascar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to damask

title: adamascar


text:
Talk:waffler

I have just noticed that "to waffle" is used differently in British and American English. https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/10/04/words-for-wafflers/ Further additions might be needed for other varieties of ENglish Nlight2 (talk) 08:59, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:waffler


text:
hediondilla

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) creosote bush
 * 1) creosote bush
 * 1) creosote bush
 * 1) creosote bush
 * 1) creosote bush

title: hediondilla


text:
cognitariado

Noun

 * 1) cognitariat

title: cognitariado


text:
ocumo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  arrowleaf elephant ear;

title: ocumo


text:
clictivismo

Noun

 * 1) clicktivism

title: clictivismo


text:
choncholi

Noun

 * 1)  chitterlings

title: choncholi


text:
vendehúmos

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) charlatan; trickster

title: vendehúmos


text:
User:Kupirijo

el:User:Kupirijo

title: User:Kupirijo


text:
despabiladeras

Noun

 * 1) candle snuffer

title: despabiladeras


text:
ayyā

Noun

 * 1) lady

title: ayyā


text:
vender humo

Etymology
lit. 'to sell smoke'.

Verb

 * 1)  to talk crap; to make crap up (in order to sell something)

title: vender humo


text:
padre biológico

Noun

 * 1) biological father, birth father
 * 2) biological parent, birth parent

title: padre biológico


text:
निळे

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 /, 🇨🇬 / , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) blue

title: निळे


text:
Ἄμφρυσος

Proper noun

 * 1) Amphrysus, a small river that flows between Thessaly and Magnesia

title: Ἄμφρυσος


text:
hierba mora

Noun

 * 1) black nightshade; European black nightshade
 * 2) salad burnet

title: hierba mora


text:
sobaquina

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) body odour; BO (from the armpits)

title: sobaquina


text: azúcar morena

title: azúcar morena


text:
reizhel

Adjective

 * 1) sexual

title: reizhel


text:
pastelear

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to suck up; kiss ass; backscratch

title: pastelear


text:
embastar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to baste

Verb

 * 1)  to baste

title: embastar


text:
piano de media cola

Noun

 * 1)  baby grand

title: piano de media cola


text:
pedir la luna

Verb

 * 1)  to ask for the moon

title: pedir la luna


text:
sangradura

Noun

 * 1) bight (of elbow)
 * 2) bleeding; bloodletting

title: sangradura


text:
camisa negra

Noun

 * 1)  blackshirt

title: camisa negra


text:
σίγλος

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shekel, an ancient unit of weight
 * 2) shekel, a currency used in ancient Israel
 * 3) earring

title: σίγλος


text:
biogerontologi

Noun

 * 1) biogerontologist

title: biogerontologi


text:
dendrokronologi

Noun

 * 1) dendrochronology

Synonyms

 * rare

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) dendrochronologist

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) dendrochronology

title: dendrokronologi


text:
dendrologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) dendrologist

title: dendrologi


text:
deontologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) deontologist

title: deontologi


text:
ekopsykologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) ecopsychologist

title: ekopsykologi


text:
ekotoksikologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) ecotoxicologist

title: ekotoksikologi


text:
eksobiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) exobiologist

title: eksobiologi


text:
elektrofysiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) electrophysiologist

title: elektrofysiologi


text:
eläinfysiologi

Noun

 * 1) animal physiologist

title: eläinfysiologi


text:
eläinpatologi

Noun

 * 1) animal pathologist

title: eläinpatologi


text:
eläinpsykologi

Noun

 * 1) animal psychologist

title: eläinpsykologi


text:
al carajo

Interjection

 * 1) fuck it

title: al carajo


text:
lo prometido es deuda

Phrase

 * 1) a promise is a promise

title: lo prometido es deuda


text:
eskatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) eschatologist

title: eskatologi


text:
etnomusikologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) ethnomusicologist

title: etnomusikologi


text:
etruskologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) Etruscologist

title: etruskologi


text:
feministiteologi

Noun

 * 1) feminist theologist

title: feministiteologi


text:
agnotología

Noun

 * 1) agnotology

title: agnotología


text:
geeniteknologi

Noun

 * 1) genetic technologist

title: geeniteknologi


text:
geohydrologi

Noun

 * 1) geohydrologist

title: geohydrologi


text:
Gartenstadt

Etymology
,.

Noun

 * 1) garden city

title: Gartenstadt


text:
glasiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) glaciologist

title: glasiologi


text:
पांढरा

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) white

title: पांढरा


text:
hahmopsykologi

Noun

 * 1) gestaltist

title: hahmopsykologi


text:
havaintopsykologi

Noun

 * 1) perceptual psychologist

title: havaintopsykologi


text:
herpetologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) herpetologist

title: herpetologi


text:
histopatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) histopathologist

title: histopatologi


text:
hydrogeologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) hydrogeologist

title: hydrogeologi


text:
hydrometeorologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) hydrometeorologist

title: hydrometeorologi


text:
immunotoksikologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) immunotoxicologist

title: immunotoksikologi


text:
kasvatussosiologi

Noun

 * 1) educational sociologist

title: kasvatussosiologi


text:
revelezh

Noun

 * 1) sexuality

title: revelezh


text:
kasvibiologi

Noun

 * 1) plant biologist

title: kasvibiologi


text:
kasviekologi

Noun

 * 1) plant ecologist

title: kasviekologi


text:
kasvifysiologi

Noun

 * 1) plant physiologist

title: kasvifysiologi


text:
kasvipaleontologi

Noun

 * 1) plant paleontologist

title: kasvipaleontologi


text:
kasvipatologi

Noun

 * 1) plant pathologist

title: kasvipatologi


text:
kaupunkisosiologi

Noun

 * 1) urbanologist

title: kaupunkisosiologi


text:
kehitysbiologi

Noun

 * 1) developmental biologist

title: kehitysbiologi


text:
kehityspsykologi

Noun

 * 1) developmental psychologist

title: kehityspsykologi


text:
kielitypologi

Noun

 * 1) language typologist

title: kielitypologi


text:
kraniologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) craniologist

title: kraniologi


text:
kvartäärigeologi

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) Quaternary geologist

title: kvartäärigeologi


text:
maisemaekologi

Noun

 * 1) landscape ecologist

title: maisemaekologi


text:
malmigeologi

Noun

 * 1) ore geologist

title: malmigeologi


text:
meriarkeologi

Noun

 * 1) maritime archaeologist

title: meriarkeologi


text:
meribiologi

Noun

 * 1) marine biologist

title: meribiologi


text:
meriekologi

Noun

 * 1) marine ecologist

title: meriekologi


text:
mikrobiekologi

Noun

 * 1) microbial ecologist

title: mikrobiekologi


text:
missiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) missiologist

Noun

 * 1) missiology

title: missiologi


text:
molekyylibiologi

Noun

 * 1) molecular biologist

title: molekyylibiologi


text:
myrmekologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

title: myrmekologi


text:
nanoteknologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) nanotechnologist

title: nanoteknologi


text:
neurofysiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) neurophysiologist

title: neurofysiologi


text:
neuropsykologi

Noun

 * 1) neuropsychologist

title: neuropsykologi


text: revelezhioù

title: revelezhioù


text:
ὀστρέϊνος

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) that lives in a shell (said of a mollusc)

title: ὀστρέϊνος


text:
a merced de

Preposition

 * 1) at the mercy of

title: a merced de


text:
negro sobre blanco

Adverb

 * 1)  in black and white (explicitly)

title: negro sobre blanco


title: Template:R:huy:Khan:2009


text:
צלמות

Etymology
Found in biblical Hebrew scripture. Uncertain origin, but possibly a compound of.

Noun

 * 1) Death-shadow, shadow of death.
 * 2) * Psalm 23:4:
 * "he"

- גַּם כִּי־אֵלֵךְ בְּגֵיא צַלְמָוֶת לֹא־אִירָא רָע כִּי־אַתָּה עִמָּדִי

 * 1) Deep darkness.
 * , 3:5:
 * "he"

- יִגְאָלֻהוּ חֹשֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָוֶת תִּשְׁכָּן־עָלָיו עֲנָנָה יְבַעֲתֻהוּ כִּמְרִירֵי יוֹם

title: צלמות


text:
ponerse las botas

Verb

 * 1)  to make a killing
 * 2)  to have a blow-out; have a real feast a social function, especially one with large quantities of food

title: ponerse las botas


text:
de acá para allá

Adverb

 * 1)  here and there; to and fro

title: de acá para allá


text:
desengrasar

Verb

 * 1) to degrease

title: desengrasar


text:
oikeussosiologi

Noun

 * 1) sociologist of law

title: oikeussosiologi


text:
oikeusteologi

Noun

 * 1) juridical theologist

title: oikeusteologi


text:
oppimispsykologi

Noun

 * 1) learning psychologist

title: oppimispsykologi


text:
organisaatiopsykologi

Noun

 * 1) organizational psychologist

title: organisaatiopsykologi


text:
organisaatiososiologi

Noun

 * 1) organizational sociologist

title: organisaatiososiologi


text:
paleobiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) paleobiologist

title: paleobiologi


text:
paleoklimatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) paleoclimatologist

title: paleoklimatologi


text:
paleopatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) paleopathologist

title: paleopatologi


text:
parasitologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) parasitologist

title: parasitologi


text:
paremiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) paremiologist

title: paremiologi


text:
perinatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) perinatologist

title: perinatologi


text:
proktologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) proctologist

Noun

 * 1) proctology

title: proktologi


text:
psykobiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) psychobiologist

title: psykobiologi


title: Template:R:cld:Coghill:2003


text:
psykofysiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) psychophysiologist

title: psykofysiologi


text:
psykopatologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) psychopathologist

title: psykopatologi


text: Category:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic reference templates


text: Category:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic templates

title: Category:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic templates


text:
refleksologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) reflexologist

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) reflexology

title: refleksologi


text:
röntgenologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) radiologist

title: röntgenologi


text:
seksologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) sexologist

title: seksologi


text:
sosiaalipsykologi

Noun

 * 1) social psychologist

title: sosiaalipsykologi


text:
sosiobiologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) sociobiologist

title: sosiobiologi


text:
sotilassosiologi

Noun

 * 1) military sociologist

title: sotilassosiologi


text:
sytologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) cytologist

title: sytologi


text:
taloussosiologi

Noun

 * 1) economic sociologist

title: taloussosiologi


text:
tiedonsosiologi

Noun

 * 1) sociologist of knowledge

title: tiedonsosiologi


text:
tieteensosiologi

Noun

 * 1) sociologist of scientific knowledge

title: tieteensosiologi


text:
toksikologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) toxicologist

Etymology
, (compare 🇨🇬), from.

Noun

 * 1) toxicology: The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

title: toksikologi


text:
turkologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) Turkologist

title: turkologi


text:
uskontososiologi

Noun

 * 1) sociologist of religion

title: uskontososiologi


text:
vesibiologi

Noun

 * 1) hydrobiologist

title: vesibiologi


text:
ympäristöpsykologi

Noun

 * 1) environmental psychologist

title: ympäristöpsykologi


text:
ympäristösosiologi

Noun

 * 1) environmental sociologist

title: ympäristösosiologi


text:
ἰσθμός

Etymology
A derivation from with a suffix -θμο- has been assumed, comparing also 🇨🇬. However, the -σ- is unexplained, so the word could well be of origin.

Noun

 * 1) neck, narrow passage of the body
 * 2)  pharynx, fauces
 * 3) neck of land between two seas; isthmus
 * 4) narrow ridge
 * 5) strait, narrow channel

title: ἰσθμός


text:
Taz

Etymology
From the character.

Proper noun

 * 1) A nickname for someone very active, ferocious or with a great appetite.

title: Taz


text:
χρυσόλιθος

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) topaz
 * 2) peridot, chrysolite

title: χρυσόλιθος


text:
keodedel

Adjective

 * 1) civil, civilian (relating to people and government as opposed to the military or religion)

Derived terms

 * (civil service)
 * (civil code)
 * (civil law)
 * (civil solidarity pact)

title: keodedel